First Apology of Justin Martyr Chapter 51, Interlinear version from Justin Martyr (Beta)

First Apology of Justin Martyr, Chapter 51

Interlinear version from Justin Martyr (Beta)

51:1

51:1

ΙΝΑ
- INA
- in-order-that
ΔΕ
- DE
- and
ΜΗΝΥΣΗ
- MĒNYSĒ
- he-might-make-known
ΗΜΙΝ
- ĒMIN
- to-us
ΤΟ
- TO
- the
ΠΡΟΦΗΤΙΚΟΝ
- PROPHĒTIKON
- prophetic
ΠΝΕΥΜΑ
- PNEUMA
- breath
ΟΤΙ
- OTI
- that
Ο
- O
- the-one
ΤΑΥΤΑ
- TAUTA
- these-things
ΠΑΣΧΩΝ
- PASCHŌN
- suffering
ἈΝΕΚΔΙΗΓΗΤΟΝ
- ANEKDIĒGĒTON
- indescribable
ἘΧΕΙ
- ECHEI
- has
ΤΟ
- TO
- the
ΓΕΝΟΣ
- GENOS
- kind/origin
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΕΙ
- BASILEUEI
- he-rules
ΤΩΝ
- TŌN
- of-the
ἘΧΘΡΩΝ
- ECHTHRŌN
- enemies
ἘΦΗ
- EPHĒ
- he-said
ΟΥΤΩΣ
- OUTŌS
- thus
ΤΗΝ
- TĒN
- the
ΓΕΝΕΑΝ
- GENEAN
- generation
ΑἸΤΟΥ
- AITOU
- of-him
ΤΙΣ
- TIS
- who
ΔΙΗΓΗΣΕΤΑΙ
- DIĒGĒSETAI
- will-declare
ΟΤΙ
- OTI
- because
ΑἸΡΕΤΑΙ
- AIRETAI
- he-is-taken-away
ἈΠΟ
- APO
- from
ΤΗΣ
- TĒS
- of-the
ΓΗΣ
- GĒS
- earth
Η
- Ē
- the
ΖΩΗ
- ZŌĒ
- life
ΑἸΤΟΥ
- AITOU
- of-him
ἈΠΟ
- APO
- because-of
ΤΩΝ
- TŌN
- of-the
ἈΝΟΜΙΩΝ
- ANOMIŌN
- lawless-deeds
ΑΥ̓ΤΩΝ
- AUTŌN
- of-them
ΗΚΕΙ
- ĒKEI
- he-has-come
ΕἸΣ
- EIS
- into
ΘΑΝΑΤΟΝ
- THANATON
- death
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΔΩΣΩ
- DŌSŌ
- I-will-give
ΤΟΥΣ
- TOUS
- the
ΠΟΝΗΡΟΥΣ
- PONĒROUS
- wicked-ones
ἈΝΤΙ
- ANTI
- instead-of
ΤΗΣ
- TĒS
- of-the
ΤΑΦΗΣ
- TAPHĒS
- burial
ΑΥ̓ΤΟΥ
- AUTOU
- of-him
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΤΟΥΣ
- TOUS
- the
ΠΛΟΥΣΙΟΥΣ
- PLOUSIOUS
- rich-ones
ἈΝΤΙ
- ANTI
- instead-of
ΤΟΥ
- TOU
- of-the
ΘΑΝΑΤΟΥ
- THANATOU
- death
ΑΥ̓ΤΟΥ
- AUTOU
- of-him
ΟΤΙ
- OTI
- because
ἈΝΟΜΙΑΝ
- ANOMIAN
- lawless-deed
ΟΥ̓Κ
- OUK
- not
ἘΠΟΙΗΣΕΝ
- EPOIĒSEN
- he-did

G2443

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Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: EE-nah

Translations: in order that, that, so that, to

Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause expressing purpose, result, or content. It often translates to 'in order that' or simply 'that' when indicating the aim or outcome of an action. It can also be used to express a command or exhortation, especially when followed by the subjunctive mood.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣΤΕ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en- (in). It is related to the preposition 'in' and developed into a conjunction expressing purpose or result.

G1161

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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G3378

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: may-NOO-see

Translations: information, a report, a disclosure, a denunciation, an accusation

Notes: This word refers to the act of making something known, often in a formal or official capacity. It can mean giving information, making a report, disclosing a secret, or even denouncing or accusing someone. It is typically used when someone reveals facts or details, especially those that might be hidden or unknown to others.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΚΑΛΥΨΙΣ, ΕΚΦΑΝΣΙΣ, ΔΗΛΩΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word μηνύση (menysē) is derived from the verb μηνύω (menyo), meaning 'to disclose, reveal, make known'.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G4397

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: pro-fay-ti-KON

Translations: prophetic, a prophetic thing, a prophetic word

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'prophetic' or 'pertaining to a prophet or prophecy'. It describes something that comes from a prophet or has the nature of a prophecy. For example, one might speak of a 'prophetic word' or a 'prophetic spirit'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΧΡΗΣΜΩΔΙΚΟΣ, ΜΑΝΤΙΚΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'ΠΡΟΦΗΤΙΚΟΣ' (prophetikos) is derived from 'ΠΡΟΦΗΤΗΣ' (prophētēs), meaning 'prophet', which itself comes from 'πρό' (pro), meaning 'before' or 'forth', and 'φημί' (phēmi), meaning 'to speak'. Thus, it refers to one who speaks forth or declares something, especially divine messages.

G4151

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PNEV-mah

Translations: spirit, a spirit, wind, a wind, breath, a breath

Notes: This word refers to 'spirit,' 'wind,' or 'breath.' In a physical sense, it can mean a gust of wind or the act of breathing. Theologically, it often refers to the Holy Spirit, a spiritual being, or the human spirit. It is a neuter noun and its meaning can vary depending on the context, from a literal breeze to a divine essence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΝΕΜΟΣ, ΠΝΟΗ

Etymology: The word ΠΝΕΥΜΑ derives from the verb πνέω (pneō), meaning 'to breathe,' 'to blow,' or 'to gasp.' It refers to something that is breathed or blown.

G3754

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G3958

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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: PAS-khon

Translations: suffering, experiencing, undergoing, one who suffers, he who suffers

Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'πάσχω' (paschō), meaning 'to suffer' or 'to experience'. As a participle, it describes an ongoing action and can function adjectivally or substantively. It refers to someone who is currently suffering or undergoing an experience, often a difficult one.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΠΑΘΩΝ, ΠΟΝΩΝ, ΘΛΙΒΟΜΕΝΟΣ

G0411

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-nek-dee-EE-gay-toh-n

Translations: inexpressible, indescribable, unspeakable

Notes: This word describes something that is so great, profound, or wonderful that it cannot be fully expressed or described in words. It is used to convey the idea of something beyond human comprehension or articulation, often referring to divine or spiritual realities.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΛΑΛΗΤΟΣ, ΑΡΡΗΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word is a compound of three parts: the negative prefix ἀν- (an-), meaning 'not'; the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from'; and διηγητός (diēgētos), meaning 'narratable' or 'explainable'. Thus, it literally means 'not able to be narrated out of' or 'not able to be fully explained'.

G1085

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GEH-nos

Translations: race, kind, family, nation, offspring, stock, a race, a kind

Notes: This word refers to a group of people or things sharing a common origin, characteristic, or lineage. It can denote a family, a nation, a race, a species, or a type. It is often used to describe a lineage or descent, such as 'the race of Israel' or 'the family of David'. It can also refer to a general category or kind of something.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΦΥΛΗ, ΕΘΝΟΣ, ΣΠΕΡΜΑ

Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵenh₁- meaning 'to produce, beget, give birth'. It is related to words like 'genesis' and 'generation' in English.

G2532

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G5101

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Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective

Sounds like: TEES

Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing

Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.

Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.

G0142

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ai-RE-tai

Translations: is taken away, is lifted up, is carried away, is removed, is borne, is picked up, is chosen

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to take up, take away, lift, carry, remove, or bear'. In the passive voice, as seen here, it means 'to be taken away, to be lifted up, or to be carried'. It can also mean 'to be chosen' or 'to be preferred'. Its meaning often depends on the context, indicating removal, elevation, or selection.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Passive, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑἸΡΕΤΑΙ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΕΤΑΙ, ΦΕΡΕΤΑΙ

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G1093

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GAYS

Translations: (of) earth, (of) land, (of) ground, (of) world, (of) country, (of) region

Notes: This word refers to the earth, land, or ground. It can denote the physical soil, a specific territory or country, or the entire planet. As a genitive form, it indicates possession, origin, or the material from which something is made, often translated with 'of' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΑΓΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΓΗ (gē) comes from Proto-Hellenic *gā́, which itself is from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁- ('earth').

G3588, G3739, G2228

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G2222

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: DZOH-ay

Translations: life, a life

Notes: This word refers to life in its broadest sense, encompassing both physical and spiritual existence. It can denote the principle of life, the period of life, or the way of life. It is often used to describe the state of being alive, as well as the quality of that existence, particularly in a spiritual or eternal context.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΒΙΟΣ, ΨΥΧΗ

Etymology: From the verb ζάω (zaō), meaning 'to live'. It is related to the concept of vital breath and existence.

G1519

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G1325

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: DOH-soh

Translations: I will give, I will grant, I will bestow, I will put, I will place

Notes: This word is the first person singular future active indicative form of the verb 'δίδωμι' (didomi), meaning 'to give'. It indicates an action that the speaker will perform in the future, such as 'I will give' or 'I will grant'. It is commonly used to express promises, intentions, or future actions of giving or providing something.

Inflection: Future Active Indicative, 1st Person Singular

Synonyms: ΔΩΣΕΙ, ΔΩΣΟΜΕΝ

Etymology: The word 'δίδωμι' (didomi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *deh₃- meaning 'to give'. It is a reduplicated present stem, a common feature in ancient Greek verbs.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G0473

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: AN-tee

Translations: instead of, for, in place of, in return for, opposite to, in exchange for

Notes: This word is a preposition that typically takes the genitive case. It indicates substitution, exchange, or opposition. It can mean 'instead of' or 'in place of' something, 'for' or 'in return for' something, or 'opposite to' or 'against' something. It is used to show that one thing is given or done in the stead of another.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΝΤΙΠΕΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti, meaning 'face to face, opposite'. It is cognate with Latin ante ('before') and Sanskrit anti ('opposite, in front of').

G3588, G3778

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G0458

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-no-MEE-ahn

Translations: lawlessness, iniquity, a lawlessness, an iniquity, transgression, a transgression

Notes: This word refers to a state of being without law, or a violation of law. It often implies moral transgression, wickedness, or a disregard for divine or human laws. In a sentence, it would typically function as the direct object of a verb, indicating the thing that is being done or committed.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΜΑΡΤΙΑ, ΑΔΙΚΙΑ, ΠΑΡΑΒΑΣΙΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀνομία (anomía, “lawlessness”), from ἄνομος (ánomos, “lawless”), from ἀ- (a-, “not”) + νόμος (nómos, “law”).

G3756

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΉ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.

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