Home / Interlinears (Beta) / Justin Martyr / First Apology of Justin Martyr / Chapter 30First Apology of Justin Martyr, Chapter 30
Interlinear version from Justin Martyr (Beta)
G3704
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: OH-pos
Translations: how, as, that, in order that, so that
Notes: This word functions as both a conjunction and an adverb. As a conjunction, it introduces clauses of purpose or result, meaning 'in order that' or 'so that'. As an adverb, it describes manner, meaning 'how' or 'as'. Its specific meaning often depends on the context of the sentence.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΙΝΑ, ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΩΣ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ὡς (hōs, 'as') and πώς (pōs, 'somehow').
G1161
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: DEH
Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however
Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.
G3361
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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb
Sounds like: MAY
Translations: not, lest, no, do not
Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.
G5101
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Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective
Sounds like: TEES
Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing
Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.
Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.
Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.
G2036
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ee-PEE
Translations: he may say, she may say, it may say, he may speak, she may speak, it may speak
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to express a potential or hypothetical action of speaking or saying something, often in a context of possibility, command, or purpose. It can be translated as 'he/she/it may say' or 'he/she/it may speak'.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Subjunctive
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΦΗΜΙ, ΛΑΛΕΩ
G0493
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: an-tee-TEE-thays
Translations: to set against, to oppose, to resist, to compare, to contrast
Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning 'to set against' or 'to oppose'. It can also mean 'to compare' or 'to contrast' when one thing is set against another for evaluation. It is used to describe an action of placing something in opposition to another, whether physically, argumentatively, or conceptually.
Inflection: Present Active Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine, Singular
Synonyms: ΑΝΘΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ, ΑΝΤΙΛΕΓΩ, ΑΝΤΙΤΑΤΤΩ
G2254
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: HEE-meen
Translations: (to) us, (for) us, us
Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the first-person plural pronoun 'we'. It is used to indicate the indirect object of a verb, meaning 'to us' or 'for us'. It can also signify possession or benefit/detriment for 'us'. For example, it might be used in a sentence like 'He gave the book to us' or 'This is good for us'.
Inflection: First Person, Plural, Dative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to the first-person plural pronoun in other Indo-European languages.
G5101
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TEE
Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing
Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: KOH-lee
Translations: Koli
Notes: This word appears to be a proper noun, likely a personal name. It is not found as a common word in Koine Greek lexicons. In the provided context, it seems to refer to an individual, possibly a Levite, alongside other names.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Etymology: The etymology of this specific proper noun is not readily available in standard Koine Greek resources. It may be of Hebrew origin, as many names in biblical texts are.
G1487, G1488
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Verb
Sounds like: AY
Translations: if, whether, that, if indeed, if then, you are, be
Notes: This word has two primary uses in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it functions as a conditional particle meaning 'if', introducing a condition or a question. It can also be the second person singular present indicative active form of the verb 'to be', meaning 'you are' or 'be'. The context of the sentence determines which meaning is intended.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a conjunction); Second Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active (as a verb)
Synonyms: ΕΑΝ, ΕΙΠΕΡ, ΕΣΤΙΝ
Etymology: The conjunction 'εἰ' comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'if' or 'whether'. The verb form 'εἰ' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root for 'to be'.
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: the
Notes: This word is the masculine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a particular masculine noun that is the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'he saw the man' or 'towards the God'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed to function as a marker of definiteness in Greek.
G3844
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix
Sounds like: pa-RAH
Translations: beside, by, near, from, with, at, along, beyond, against, through, in the presence of, alongside, a
Notes: This word functions primarily as a preposition, indicating proximity, origin, or comparison. It can mean 'beside,' 'from,' 'with,' 'at,' or 'alongside,' depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used as a prefix in compound words, it often conveys ideas of proximity, deviation, or intensity, such as 'alongside,' 'beyond,' 'contrary to,' or 'through.'
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΣΥΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *per- (meaning 'forward, through'). It is cognate with English 'for' and 'through'.
G3004
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: leh-GO-meh-non
Translations: being said, being spoken, being called, being named, what is said, what is spoken, a thing said, a thing spoken
Notes: This word is a present passive participle derived from the verb 'ΛΕΓΩ' (lego), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing something that is in the process of being said, spoken, or called. It can refer to a statement, a saying, or something that is being referred to or named.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter, Present, Passive
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΟΥΜΕΝΟΝ, ΦΑΜΕΝΟΝ
G5547
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHRIS-ton
Translations: Christ, the Christ, Anointed One, the Anointed One
Notes: This word refers to the 'Anointed One' or 'Messiah'. In the New Testament, it is primarily used as a title for Jesus, signifying his role as the promised deliverer. It is often used with the definite article 'the' (the Christ) or as a proper name (Christ). As an accusative form, it would typically function as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΜΕΣΣΙΑΣ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ
G0444
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ahn-THROH-pohn
Translations: man, a man, person, a person, human being, a human being
Notes: This word refers to a human being, a person, or mankind in general. It is used to denote an individual man or woman, or the human race collectively. It can be used in various contexts to refer to any person.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΒΡΟΤΟΣ, ΑΝΗΡ
G1537
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: ex
Translations: out of, from, of, by, with
Notes: ἘΞ is a preposition that signifies origin, separation, or source. It always governs the genitive case. It can denote movement 'out of' a place, 'from' a point in time or a source, 'of' a material or composition, or 'by' an agent. It often implies a complete separation or a clear point of departure.
Inflection: Does not inflect; always takes the genitive case.
Synonyms: ΑΠΟ, ΕΚ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is cognate with Latin ex and English out.
G0444
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ahn-throh-POHN
Translations: (of) men, (of) people, (of) humankind
Notes: ἈΝΘΡΩΠΩΝ is the genitive plural form of the noun ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ, which means 'man', 'human being', or 'person'. This form is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship, translating to 'of men' or 'of people'. It refers to human beings in general, often distinguishing them from God or other creatures.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΒΡΟΤΟΣ, ΛΑΟΣ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek, likely a compound of ἀνήρ (anēr, 'man') and ὤψ (ōps, 'face, eye'), possibly meaning 'one who looks up' or 'one with a human face'.
G5607
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ON-tah
Translations: being, existing, things that are, beings, real things
Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It describes something that is or exists. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, indicating a state of being or existence. It can refer to 'those who are' or 'things that are', depending on the context and gender.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter Plural; or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine, Plural
Synonyms: ὙΠΑΡΧΟΝΤΑ, ΓΙΝΟΜΕΝΑ
Etymology: The word εἰμί (eimi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁es- meaning 'to be'. It is a fundamental verb in many Indo-European languages.
G3097
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: mah-gee-KEE
Translations: magical, magic, a magical, an magical
Notes: This word describes something related to magic or sorcery. It is used to qualify nouns, indicating that they possess magical qualities or are associated with the practice of magic. For example, it can refer to magical arts, magical illusions, or magical power.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΓΟΗΤΙΚΟΣ, ΦΑΡΜΑΚΙΚΟΣ
Etymology: Derived from the word μάγος (magos), meaning 'magician' or 'wise man,' which itself comes from Old Persian. The word evolved to describe things pertaining to the practices of the Magi, which often involved sorcery or occult arts.
G5078
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: TEKH-nay
Translations: art, skill, craft, trade, a craft, a skill
Notes: This word refers to an art, skill, or craft, often implying a practical ability or a specific trade. It can describe human ingenuity or the method by which something is made or done. It is used to denote a particular profession or a specialized knowledge.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΗ, ΣΟΦΙΑ, ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑ
Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root *teks- meaning 'to weave, to fabricate, to make'. It is related to words like 'textile' and 'technical' in English, reflecting its connection to making and skill.
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Part of Speech: Unknown
Sounds like: AHS
Translations: unknown
Notes: The word "ΑΣ" is not a recognized word in Koine Greek. It is highly likely a misspelling or a fragment of a larger word. It could potentially be a typo for a word like "ΩΣ" (as, like), or part of a compound word where the rest has been omitted. Without further context or correction, its meaning is unclear.
Inflection: Unknown
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: LEH-go-men
Translations: we say, we speak, we tell, we mean, we call
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'we say' or 'we speak'. It is used to express an action of speaking or communicating by a group of people (first person plural). It can also mean 'we tell', 'we mean', or 'we call'.
Inflection: First Person, Plural, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΦΗΜΙ, ΕΡΩ
G1411
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: dy-NAH-mees
Translations: powers, mighty works, forces, abilities, miracles
Notes: This word refers to inherent power, ability, or strength. It can denote physical or moral power, the ability to perform something, or even miraculous powers. In a military context, it can refer to an army or forces. It is often used to describe acts of power, such as miracles or mighty deeds.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑ, ΚΡΑΤΟΣ, ΙΣΧΥΣ
G4160
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: peh-poy-AY-keh-nye
Translations: to have made, to have done, to have produced, to have created
Notes: This word is the perfect active infinitive form of the verb 'ποιέω' (poieō), meaning 'to make' or 'to do'. As a perfect infinitive, it describes an action that has been completed in the past, with the results continuing into the present. It is often used to express the idea of having accomplished something or having brought something into existence. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'He desired to have made a great work' or 'They claimed to have done good deeds'.
Inflection: Perfect, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ
G1391
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: DOX-ai
Translations: glories, honors, splendors, reputations, opinions, judgments
Notes: This word is a noun referring to glory, honor, splendor, or reputation. It can also mean opinion or judgment, especially in philosophical contexts. It is the plural form of the word ΔΟΞΑ.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Dative or Vocative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΤΙΜΑΙ, ΚΛΕΗ, ΕΥΦΗΜΙΑΙ
G1223
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: dee-AH
Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TOO-toh
Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that
Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.
G5207
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: wee-ON
Translations: son, a son
Notes: This word refers to a male offspring or descendant. It can be used literally for a biological son, or more broadly for someone who is a descendant or follower. It is often used in the context of family relationships or lineage.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΤΕΚΝΟΝ, ΠΑΙΣ
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THAY-oo
Translations: of God, of a God
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'ΘΕΟΣ' (theos), meaning 'God' or 'a god'. In Koine Greek, the genitive case often indicates possession, origin, or relationship, similar to the English 'of' or the possessive apostrophe 's'. Therefore, 'ΘΕΟΥ' typically translates to 'of God' or 'of a god', depending on the context. It can refer to the one true God or to a pagan deity.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EYE-nah-ee
Translations: to be, to exist, to happen, to become
Notes: This is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'to be'. It expresses existence, identity, or a state of being. It can also be used to indicate purpose or result, especially when preceded by the genitive article 'τοῦ' (tou), in which case it can be translated as 'in order to be' or 'for the purpose of being'.
Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active. Does not inflect for person, number, gender, or case.
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TANE
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.
G0585
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-po-DEIK-sin
Translations: proof, demonstration, a demonstration, evidence, a showing forth
Notes: This word refers to the act of showing or demonstrating something, often with the implication of providing clear and convincing proof or evidence. It can be used in contexts where a logical argument or a physical manifestation serves to establish the truth or reality of a matter.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ἘΛΕΓΧΟΣ, ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑ, ΤΕΚΜΗΡΙΟΝ
G2235
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: AY-day
Translations: already, now, by this time, forthwith, even now
Notes: This word is an adverb used to indicate that something has happened or is happening at the present moment, or has happened prior to the present moment. It can convey a sense of immediacy or completion. For example, it can mean 'already' when referring to something that has taken place, or 'now' when emphasizing the current time.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΝΥΝ, ΑΥΤΙΚΑ, ΕΥΘΕΩΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁eh₂dʰ- (to be present, to be here). It is related to the demonstrative pronoun 'ho' (this) and the particle 'de' (now, indeed).
G4160
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: poy-ee-SOH-me-tha
Translations: we will do, we will make, we will accomplish, we will produce
Notes: This word is a verb in the future tense, indicating an action that will be performed. It is in the middle voice, suggesting that the action is done by the subject for themselves or involves the subject in a particular way. It is used to express future actions or intentions.
Inflection: Future, Indicative, Middle/Passive, 1st Person Plural
Synonyms: ΠΡΑΞΟΜΕΘΑ, ΕΡΓΑΣΟΜΕΘΑ
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OO
Translations: not, no
Notes: ΟΥ̓ is a negative particle used to express a factual negation. It typically negates verbs in the indicative mood, stating that something is not true or does not happen. It can also negate other parts of speech. When combined with ΜΉ (ou mē), it forms a very strong negation, meaning "by no means" or "never."
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ, ΟΥ̓Κ, ΟΥ̓ΧΊ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a fundamental negative particle in Greek.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toys
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: ΤΟΙΣ is the dative plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, but specifically indicates the indirect object or the recipient of an action, or location/instrument when used with a dative noun. It can be used with masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns in the plural.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into the definite article in Greek.
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: leh-GOO-see
Translations: they say, they speak, they tell
Notes: This word is a verb meaning "to say," "to speak," or "to tell." It is used to indicate that a group of people are performing the action of speaking or stating something. For example, it can be used in sentences like "they say that..." or "they are speaking to them."
Inflection: Third person, Plural, Present, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΟΥΣΙ, ΦΑΣΙΝ
G4100
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: PIS-teh-oo-on-tes
Translations: believing, those who believe, who believe
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'believing' or 'those who believe'. It describes an ongoing action of believing. It can function as an adjective modifying a noun, or as a substantive, meaning 'the ones who believe'. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'The believing ones entered the kingdom'.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΕΠΟΙΘΟΤΕΣ, ΕΛΠΙΖΟΝΤΕΣ
G0235
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: AL-lah
Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed
Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.
G4395
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pro-fay-TEH-oo-see
Translations: they prophesy, they foretell, they speak by inspiration
Notes: This word describes the act of prophesying, which means to speak under divine inspiration, to foretell future events, or to declare the will of God. It is often used in the context of prophets delivering messages from God or speaking under the influence of the Holy Spirit. It can also refer to speaking forth a message, whether or not it is predictive.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Plural
Synonyms: ΜΑΝΤΕΥΟΜΑΙ, ΧΡΗΣΜΩΔΕΩ
G4250
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction
Sounds like: PRIN
Translations: before, sooner, until, ere
Notes: This word functions as an adverb or a conjunction, indicating a point in time prior to another event or action. As an adverb, it means 'before' or 'sooner'. As a conjunction, it means 'before' or 'until', often introducing a clause that describes an event that has not yet happened. It is frequently used with an infinitive or a subjunctive verb.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *per- (forward, through). It is related to the preposition πρό (pro, before).
G2228, G3588
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Definite Article, Numeral
Sounds like: AY
Translations: or, the, 8
Notes: This word can function as a conjunction meaning 'or', indicating an alternative or choice between two or more options. It can also be the feminine nominative singular form of the definite article 'the', used to specify a feminine noun that is the subject of a sentence. The '̓' (coronis) indicates that this form is an elision, meaning it's a shortened form of a word like ἤ (e.g., when followed by a vowel). Additionally, the '̓' could be a keraia, indicating the numeral 8.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as conjunction or numeral); Singular, Nominative, Feminine (as definite article)
Etymology: The conjunction ἤ (e.g., from which Ἠ is an elision) is of uncertain origin. The definite article ἡ (from which Ἠ is an elision) comes from Proto-Indo-European. The numeral meaning is derived from the Greek letter eta (Η), which was used to represent the number 8.
G1096
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ge-NEH-sthai
Translations: to become, to be, to happen, to come to pass, to arise, to be made, to be born
Notes: This word is the aorist middle infinitive form of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai). It signifies the action of coming into being, happening, or being made. It can also mean to be born or to arise. As an infinitive, it often functions like 'to become' or 'to happen' in English, frequently used after verbs that express desire, ability, or necessity.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΠΟΙΕΩ
G2596
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Part of Speech: Prefix, Preposition
Sounds like: KAT
Translations: down, against, according to, throughout, during
Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down', 'against', 'according to', 'throughout', or 'during'. It is frequently used as a prefix in compound verbs and nouns, indicating a downward motion, completion, intensity, or opposition. For example, in 'κατέβη' (katebē), it means 'went down', and in 'καταπιεῖν' (katapiein), it means 'to swallow down'. The final alpha (α) is often dropped when the next word or part of the compound begins with a vowel, or when it's followed by certain consonants.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix); functions as a preposition that takes the genitive or accusative case.
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmt- 'down, with, against'. It is a common Greek preposition that has been used since ancient times.
G0318
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-nahg-KAYN
Translations: necessity, a necessity, compulsion, distress, constraint, need, trouble
Notes: This word refers to a state of necessity, compulsion, or distress. It can denote an unavoidable obligation, a binding force, or a difficult situation that imposes a constraint. It is often used to describe circumstances that are beyond one's control.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΒΙΑ, ἈΝΑΓΚΑΙΟΝ
Etymology: From ἀνάγκη (anankē, “force, constraint, necessity”).
G3982
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: pei-THOH-meh-noi
Translations: obeying, being persuaded, trusting, yielding, being convinced
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to persuade' or 'to obey'. It describes individuals who are in the process of being persuaded, or who are actively obeying or trusting. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or adverbially, describing the manner of an action.
Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive Voice, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΚΟΥΟΝΤΕΣ, ΠΙΣΤΕΥΟΝΤΕΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G3700, G3708
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Part of Speech: Noun, Verb
Sounds like: OP-say
Translations: sight, appearance, face, a sight, a face, you will see, you will look, he will see, he will look
Notes: This word has two primary interpretations based on its form. It can be the dative singular of the noun ΟΨΙΣ (opsis), meaning 'sight,' 'appearance,' or 'face.' In this case, it would typically be translated as 'to sight,' 'to appearance,' or 'to face.' It can also be the future active indicative, second or third person singular, of the verb ΟΡΑΩ (horaō), meaning 'to see' or 'to look.' In this case, it would be translated as 'you will see' or 'he/she/it will see.' The context of the sentence is crucial for determining the correct meaning.
Inflection: Dative, Singular (for Noun); Future, Active, Indicative, Second Person Singular or Third Person Singular (for Verb)
Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΕΙΔΟΝ, ΠΡΟΣΩΠΟΝ
G5613
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition
Sounds like: OHS
Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that
Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.
G4395
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pro-fay-TEV-thay
Translations: was prophesied, was foretold
Notes: This word is the aorist passive indicative form of the verb 'propheteuō', meaning 'to prophesy' or 'to foretell'. In this passive form, it indicates that something 'was prophesied' or 'was foretold' by someone or something else. It is used to describe events or statements that were predicted in advance.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΕΡΩ, ΠΡΟΛΕΓΩ
G3708
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ho-RAN
Translations: to see, to look, to perceive, to behold
Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'ὁράω' (horaō), meaning 'to see' or 'to perceive'. It is used to express the action of seeing or observing something, often in a general sense or as a purpose. For example, it can be used in phrases like 'to be able to see' or 'in order to see'.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΕΙΝ, ΘΕΑΣΘΑΙ
Etymology: The word 'ὁράω' (horaō) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *wer- 'to perceive, observe'. It is related to other Greek words concerning sight and perception.
G1096
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: geh-NO-meh-nah
Translations: having become, having come into being, having happened, things that have happened, events, happenings
Notes: ΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΑ is the aorist middle/passive participle of the verb ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ (ginomai), meaning 'to become,' 'to come into being,' or 'to happen.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. In its neuter plural form, it often refers to 'things that have happened' or 'events.' It can be used in various grammatical cases depending on its role in the sentence, often functioning as the subject or object of a clause.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle/Passive, Participle, Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΓΕΓΟΝΟΤΑ, ΣΥΜΒΑΝΤΑ
Etymology: The verb ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ (ginomai) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵenh₁-, meaning 'to produce, beget, give birth.' It is related to words like 'genesis' and 'generate' in English.
G1096
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ghee-NOH-meh-nah
Translations: things happening, events, things coming to pass, things being done
Notes: This word is a present middle or passive participle, meaning 'things that are happening' or 'things that are coming into existence/being done'. It describes ongoing actions or occurrences. It is often used to refer to events or circumstances.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΕΡΓΑ, ΠΡΑΓΜΑΤΑ, ΣΥΜΒΑΙΝΟΝΤΑ
G2228
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: HAY-per
Translations: than, more than, rather than, even, indeed
Notes: This word is a particle used to intensify a comparison, often translated as 'than' or 'more than'. It can also be used to emphasize a statement, meaning 'even' or 'indeed'. It is typically found in comparative clauses.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: Η, ΜΑΛΛΟΝ
Etymology: From the particle ἤ (ē, 'than') and the intensive particle περ (per, 'indeed').
G3173
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: MEH-giss-tay
Translations: greatest, largest, most important, a greatest, the greatest
Notes: This word is the feminine singular form of the superlative adjective 'ΜΕΓΑΣ' (megas), meaning 'great'. It signifies the highest degree of greatness, size, or importance. It can be used to describe a feminine noun as being the greatest or largest of its kind.
Inflection: Superlative, Singular, Nominative or Vocative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΜΕΓΙΣΤΟΣ, ΜΕΓΑΛΟΣ
G0227
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-lay-thay-STA-tay
Translations: most true, truest, most truthful, very true, most real, very real
Notes: This word is the superlative form of the adjective 'true' or 'real'. It describes something as being the most true, the truest, or very true. It emphasizes the highest degree of truth, reality, or genuineness. It can be used to describe a person, a statement, or a concept.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine, Superlative
Synonyms: ΑΛΗΘΙΝΟΣ, ΓΝΗΣΙΟΣ, ΒΕΒΑΙΟΣ
G0585
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-po-DEIK-sis
Translations: proof, demonstration, a proof, a demonstration
Notes: This word refers to a clear and convincing demonstration or proof, often used in a logical or rhetorical context to establish the truth of a statement. It implies a process of showing or making evident, leading to a conclusion that is undeniable. It is a compound word formed from ἀπό (apo, 'from, away from') and δείκνυμι (deiknymi, 'to show, to point out').
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΛΕΓΧΟΣ, ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑ, ΤΕΚΜΗΡΙΟΝ
Etymology: From ἀποδείκνυμι (apodeiknymi, 'to show forth, demonstrate'), which is formed from ἀπό (apo, 'from, away from') and δείκνυμι (deiknymi, 'to show, to point out').
G5213
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: yoo-MEEN
Translations: (to) you, (for) you
Notes: This word is a second person plural pronoun, meaning 'you' (plural). It is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of a verb or the recipient of an action. It can be translated as 'to you' or 'for you', depending on the context.
Inflection: Plural, Dative
G3543
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: noh-MEE-zoh-men
Translations: we think, we suppose, we believe, we consider, we are accustomed
Notes: This word means to think, suppose, believe, or consider. It can also mean to be accustomed or to practice. It is often used to express an opinion or a customary action. For example, it might be used in a sentence like 'we think that it is good' or 'we are accustomed to doing this'.
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Active, First Person Plural
Synonyms: ΟΙΟΜΑΙ, ΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΔΟΚΕΩ
Etymology: From νόμος (nomos), meaning 'law' or 'custom'. The verb originally meant 'to do according to custom or law', and then evolved to mean 'to consider, believe, or think'.
G5316
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: fah-nee-SEH-tai
Translations: will appear, will be revealed, will be seen, will shine
Notes: This word means 'will appear' or 'will be revealed'. It describes something that will become visible or manifest in the future. It is often used to speak of a person or thing becoming evident or clear.
Inflection: Future, Passive, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΟΦΘΗΣΕΤΑΙ, ΔΕΙΧΘΗΣΕΤΑΙ, ΕΚΦΑΝΗΣΕΤΑΙ
Etymology: From the root *pha-, meaning 'to shine' or 'to show'. It is related to words describing light and manifestation.
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