First Apology of Justin Martyr Chapter 11, Interlinear version from Justin Martyr (Beta)

First Apology of Justin Martyr, Chapter 11

Interlinear version from Justin Martyr (Beta)

11:1

11:1

ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΥΜΕΙΣ
- YMEIS
- you
ἈΚΟΥΣΑΝΤΕΣ
- AKOUSANTES
- having-heard
ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΑΝ
- BASILEIAN
- kingdom
ΠΡΟΣΔΟΚΩΝΤΑΣ
- PROSDOKŌNTAS
- expecting
ΗΜΑΣ
- ĒMAS
- us
ἈΚΡΙΤΩΣ
- AKRITŌS
- without-judgment
ἈΝΘΡΩΠΙΝΟΝ
- ANTHRŌPINON
- human
ΛΕΓΕΙΝ
- LEGEIN
- to-say
ΗΜΑΣ
- ĒMAS
- us
ΥΠΕΙΛΗΦΑΤΕ
- YPEILĒPHATE
- you-have-supposed
ΗΜΩΝ
- ĒMŌN
- of-us
ΤΗΝ
- TĒN
- the
ΜΕΤΑ
- META
- with
ΘΕΟΙ
- THEOI
- God
ΛΕΓΟΝΤΩΝ
- LEGONTŌN
- saying
ΩΣ
- ŌS
- as
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- also
ἘΚ
- EK
- out-of
ΤΟΥ
- TOU
- the
ἈΝΕΤΑΖΟΜΕΝΟΥΣ
- ANETAZOMENOUS
- being-examined
ΥΦ
- YPH
- by
ΥΜΩΝ
- YMŌN
- you
ΟΜΟΛΟΓΕΙΝ
- OMOLOGEIN
- to-confess
ΕἸΝΑΙ
- EINAI
- to-be
ΧΡΙΣΤΙΑΝΟΥΣ
- CHRISTIANOUS
- Anointed-Ones
ΓΙΝΩΣΚΟΝΤΕΣ
- GINŌSKONTES
- knowing
ΤΩ
- TŌ
- to-the
ΟΜΟΛΟΓΟΥΝΤΙ
- OMOLOGOUNTI
- confessing
ΘΑΝΑΤΟΝ
- THANATON
- death
ΤΗΝ
- TĒN
- the
ΖΗΜΙΑΝ
- ZĒMIAN
- penalty
ΚΕΙΣΘΑΙ
- KEISTHAI
- to-lie
ΦΑΙΝΕΤΑΙ
- PHAINETAI
- it-appears
ΕἸ
- EI
- if
ΓΑΡ
- GAR
- for
ἈΝΘΡΩΠΙΝΟΝ
- ANTHRŌPINON
- human
ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΑΝ
- BASILEIAN
- kingdom
ΠΡΟΣΕΔΟΚΩΜΕΝ
- PROSEDOKŌMEN
- we-were-expecting
ΚἈΝ
- KAN
- even
ἨΡΝΟΥΜΕΘΑ
- ĒRNOUMETHA
- we-would-deny
ΟΠΩΣ
- OPŌS
- so-that
ΜΗ
- MĒ
- not
ἈΝΑΙΡΩΜΕΘΑ
- ANAIRŌMETHA
- we-might-be-killed
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΛΑΝΘΑΝΕΙΝ
- LANTHANEIN
- to-be-hidden
ἘΠΕΙΡΩΜΕΘΑ
- EPEIRŌMETHA
- we-would-try
ΟΠΩΣ
- OPŌS
- so-that
ΤΩΝ
- TŌN
- of-the
ΠΡΟΣΔΟΚΩΜΕΝΩΝ
- PROSDOKŌMENŌN
- expected-things
ΤΥΧΩΜΕΝ
- TYCHŌMEN
- we-might-obtain
ἈΛΛ
- ALL
- but
ἘΠΕΙ
- EPEI
- since
ΟΥ̓Κ
- OUK
- not
ΕἸΣ
- EIS
- into
ΤΟ
- TO
- the
ΝΥΝ
- NYN
- now
ΤΑΣ
- TAS
- the
ἘΛΠΙΔΑΣ
- ELPIDAS
- hopes
ἘΧΟΜΕΝ
- ECHOMEN
- we-have
ἈΝΑΙΡΟΥΝΤΩΝ
- ANAIROUNTŌN
- of-killing
ΟΥ̓
- OU
- not
ΠΕΦΡΟΝΤΙΚΑΜΕΝ
- PEPHRONTIKAMEN
- we-have-cared
ΤΟΥ
- TOU
- of-the
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- also
ΠΑΝΤΩΣ
- PANTŌS
- entirely
ἈΠΟΘΑΝΕΙΝ
- APOTHANEIN
- to-die
ὈΦΕΙΛΟΜΕΝΟΥ
- OPHEILOMENOU
- owing

G2532

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G0029

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Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: ah-KREE-tohs

Translations: without judgment, without trial, without discrimination, unjustly, rashly, indiscriminately

Notes: This adverb describes an action performed without proper judgment, consideration, or a fair trial. It implies acting rashly, unjustly, or indiscriminately, without distinguishing between right and wrong or between different people or situations. It can be used to describe actions that are done in an unfair or arbitrary manner.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΔΙΚΩΣ, ΑΛΟΓΩΣ, ΑΠΡΟΒΟΥΛΕΥΤΩΣ

G5274

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-pee-LAY-lee-fah-teh

Translations: you have supposed, you have assumed, you have thought, you have taken up, you have received

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ὑπό (hypo, meaning 'under' or 'from below') and the verb λαμβάνω (lambanō, meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'). In its perfect tense form, it means to have taken up, received, or more commonly, to have supposed, assumed, or thought something. It implies a settled conviction or a conclusion reached.

Inflection: Perfect Active Indicative, 2nd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΝΟΜΙΖΩ, ΟΙΟΜΑΙ, ΔΟΚΕΩ

Etymology: The verb ὑπολαμβάνω (hypolambanō) is a compound of the preposition ὑπό (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'from below', and the verb λαμβάνω (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. Its meaning evolved from physically taking something up to mentally taking something in, hence 'to suppose' or 'to assume'.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G3326

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G3004

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: leh-GON-tohn

Translations: (of) saying, (of) speaking, (of) telling, (of) relating, (of) calling, (of) naming

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the present active participle of the verb 'λέγω' (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It refers to 'those who are saying' or 'of those who are speaking'. It is often used to introduce direct or indirect speech, or to describe the action of a group of people who are speaking.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΛΑΛΟΥΝΤΩΝ, ΦΩΝΟΥΝΤΩΝ

G5613

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G3588, G3778

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G0350

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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: ah-neh-tah-ZOH-meh-noos

Translations: examining, questioning, investigating, scrutinizing, cross-examining

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'anetazō', meaning to examine, question, or investigate. It describes someone who is in the process of being examined or questioned, often in a legal or official context, implying a thorough and careful inquiry. It is used to describe the action of scrutinizing or cross-examining someone.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Masculine, Plural, Accusative

Synonyms: ἘΞΕΤΑΖΩ, ΔΟΚΙΜΑΖΩ

Etymology: The word ἀνετάζω (anetazō) is a compound word formed from ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'again', and ἐτάζω (etazō), meaning 'to examine' or 'to test'.

G5259

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: OOF

Translations: under, by, with, from, at the hand of, by means of, through

Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition 'ΥΠΟ' (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'by'. The final vowel of 'ΥΠΟ' is dropped when the following word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark. It indicates a position beneath something, or agency (by means of someone/something), or cause. It can also denote the instrument or agent by which something is done. It is a very common preposition in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect; governs the genitive and accusative cases.

Etymology: The word 'ΥΠΟ' (hypo) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'under'. It is related to English words like 'hypodermic' and 'hypothermia'.

G3670

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ho-mo-lo-GEIN

Translations: to confess, to acknowledge, to profess, to agree, to admit, to declare

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'homologeo'. It means to confess, acknowledge, or agree, often implying a public declaration or a formal agreement. It can be used in contexts of admitting a truth, professing faith, or agreeing with someone's statement or position.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΟΜΟΛΟΓΙΑ, ΟΜΟΛΟΓΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'homologeo' is a compound word derived from the Greek words 'homos' (meaning 'same' or 'one and the same') and 'logos' (meaning 'word' or 'speech'). Thus, it literally means 'to speak the same word' or 'to agree in word'.

G1097

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: gih-NOH-skon-tes

Translations: knowing, understanding, perceiving, those knowing, those understanding

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'to know' or 'to understand'. It describes an ongoing action of knowing or perceiving. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or substantively, meaning 'those who know' or 'the ones knowing'. It implies a continuous state of awareness or comprehension.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Nominative Plural, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΟΝΤΕΣ, ΣΥΝΙΕΝΤΕΣ

G3670

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: oh-moh-loh-GOON-tee

Translations: to confess, to profess, to acknowledge, to agree, to promise, to give thanks

Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb ΟΜΟΛΟΓΕΩ, meaning 'to confess' or 'to agree'. As a participle, it describes an action being performed by someone or something, functioning like an adjective or adverb. In this dative singular form, it would typically refer to 'to the one confessing' or 'to the one agreeing'. It can be used to describe someone who is in the act of confessing or acknowledging something.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Dative, Singular, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΞΟΜΟΛΟΓΕΩ, ΣΥΝΟΜΟΛΟΓΕΩ

G5316

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: fah-EE-neh-tai

Translations: appears, seems, is seen, is evident

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to appear' or 'to seem'. It is often used impersonally, meaning 'it appears' or 'it seems that...'. It can also mean 'to be seen' or 'to become visible'. It describes something that becomes evident or manifest.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΔΟΚΕΩ, ΟΡΑΩ, ΕΚΦΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: The word ΦΑΙΝΩ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeh₂- meaning 'to shine'. It is related to words signifying light, appearance, and manifestation.

G1519, G1487, G1488

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb

Sounds like: E

Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are

Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).

G1063

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Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G4328

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-eh-do-KO-men

Translations: we were expecting, we were looking for, we were waiting for

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to expect,' 'to look for,' or 'to wait for.' It describes an action of anticipation or looking forward to something, often with a sense of eager expectation or patient waiting. It is typically used to describe a continuous or repeated action in the past.

Inflection: First Person Plural, Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΜΕΝΩ, ΑΠΕΚΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ΠΡΟΣ (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards,' and ΔΟΚΑΩ (dokao), which is related to ΔΟΚΕΩ (dokeo), meaning 'to seem' or 'to think.' Thus, it conveys the idea of 'thinking towards' or 'looking towards' something.

G3361

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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G0337

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-nah-ee-ROH-meh-thah

Translations: we are taken up, we are destroyed, we are killed, we are put to death, we are done away with

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to take up,' 'to destroy,' or 'to kill.' It can refer to physically taking someone's life, or more broadly, to doing away with something or causing its destruction. In the passive voice, as it is here, it means 'to be taken up,' 'to be destroyed,' or 'to be killed.' It is often used in contexts of violence or removal.

Inflection: First Person Plural, Present, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ΦΟΝΕΥΩ, ΑΝΕΛΟΝ

G0243

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Part of Speech: Prefix

Sounds like: ALL

Translations: other, another, different, foreign

Notes: This is a prefix form of the word 'ἄλλος' (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to form compound words that convey the idea of something being different, foreign, or belonging to another group. For example, 'ἀλλογενῶν' means 'of other races', 'ἀλλότριοι' means 'strangers' or 'foreigners', and 'ἀλλόφυλους' means 'foreigners' or 'of another tribe'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix)

Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.

G1893

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEI

Translations: since, because, for, when, after, inasmuch as

Notes: This word functions as a conjunction or adverb, introducing a clause that provides a reason, cause, or time. As a conjunction, it can mean 'since' or 'because' when indicating a cause, or 'when' or 'after' when indicating time. As an adverb, it can mean 'for' or 'inasmuch as'. It often introduces a dependent clause that explains the main clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΚΑΘΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙΔΗ

Etymology: From the preposition ἐπί (epi, 'upon, on') and the particle εἰ (ei, 'if'). It originally meant 'upon the condition that' or 'when'.

G3756

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΉ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.

G1519

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G0337

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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ah-nah-ee-ROON-tohn

Translations: of those taking up, of those taking away, of those destroying, of those killing, of those slaying

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'anaireō', meaning 'to take up, take away, destroy, or kill'. As a genitive plural participle, it describes the action of 'those who are taking up,' 'those who are taking away,' 'those who are destroying,' or 'those who are killing.' It functions like an adjective or noun, specifying the group performing the action, often translated as 'of those who...' or 'of the ones who...'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΛΥΝΤΩΝ, ΦΟΝΕΥΟΝΤΩΝ, ΑΝΕΛΟΝΤΩΝ

G3843

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Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: PAN-tohs

Translations: certainly, by all means, altogether, surely, doubtless, absolutely, entirely, at any rate

Notes: This word is an adverb derived from the adjective 'πᾶς' (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'. It is used to emphasize certainty, totality, or necessity. It can be translated as 'certainly,' 'surely,' 'by all means,' or 'altogether,' indicating that something is definitely true or will definitely happen. It can also mean 'at any rate' or 'in any case,' suggesting a minimum level of certainty or action.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΑΣΗ, ΠΑΝΤΗ

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