Home / Interlinears (Beta) / Justin Martyr / First Apology of Justin Martyr / Chapter 58First Apology of Justin Martyr, Chapter 58
Interlinear version from Justin Martyr (Beta)
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G3138
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: mar-KEE-ohn-ah
Translations: Marcion
Notes: This is the name of Marcion, a prominent figure in early Christianity who founded a dualistic Gnostic sect. He taught that the God of the Old Testament was a different, inferior deity to the God of the New Testament. The word is used here as a direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Accusative
G1161
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: DEH
Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however
Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: the
Notes: This word is the masculine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a particular masculine noun that is the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'he saw the man' or 'towards the God'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed to function as a marker of definiteness in Greek.
G0575
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: AH-po
Translations: from, away from, out of, off, (of), by, since, after
Notes: ἈΠΟ is a common Koine Greek preposition that primarily indicates separation, origin, or source. It is always used with the genitive case. It can mean 'from' or 'away from' a place or person, indicating movement away. It can also denote the cause or agent ('by'), or a temporal starting point ('since', 'after').
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἘΚ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is cognate with English 'off' and 'of'.
G4177
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun, Noun
Sounds like: PON-too
Translations: of Pontus, of the sea, of a sea
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'ΠΟΝΤΟΣ'. It can refer to the sea in general, or specifically to the Black Sea, which was historically known as Pontus. It can also refer to the region of Pontus, a historical area on the southern coast of the Black Sea in Asia Minor. As a genitive case, it typically indicates possession, origin, or relationship, often translated with 'of'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΘΑΛΑΣΣΗΣ, ΠΕΛΑΓΟΥΣ
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Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral, Prefix
Sounds like: AL-fah (as the letter name), ah (as the sound)
Translations: Alpha, A, one, un-, a-
Notes: This is the first letter of the Greek alphabet, equivalent to the English 'A'. It can also function as the numeral '1'. Furthermore, it is commonly used as a prefix (known as the 'alpha privative') when placed before a word, indicating negation, absence, or the opposite of the word's meaning, similar to the English prefixes 'un-' or 'a-'. For example, 'atheist' (without God) comes from 'a-' (without) and 'theos' (God).
Inflection: Does not inflect as a letter or numeral. As a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the word it precedes.
Etymology: The letter 'Alpha' is derived from the Phoenician letter 'aleph', which meant 'ox'. It was adopted by the Greeks and became the first letter of their alphabet.
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Part of Speech: Letter
Sounds like: SEEG-mah
Translations: Sigma (letter), 200 (number)
Notes: Sigma is the eighteenth letter of the Greek alphabet. It represents the 's' sound. In ancient Greek, it had two forms: Σ (uppercase) and σ (lowercase). At the end of a word, the lowercase form changes to ς (final sigma). It also functions as a numeral, representing the number 200.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The letter Sigma is derived from the Phoenician letter Shin (𐤔). Its name 'sigma' is thought to come from the Phoenician 'samkh' or 'sibilant'.
G4305
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pro-EF-ay-men
Translations: we have said before, we have spoken before, we have foretold
Notes: This is a compound verb, formed from the prefix ΠΡΟ- (PRO-, meaning 'before' or 'in front of') and the verb ΦΗΜΙ (PHĒMI, meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'). It means 'to say beforehand' or 'to speak previously'. It is used to refer to something that has already been stated or prophesied.
Inflection: First Person Plural, Aorist Indicative Active
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΛΕΓΩ, ΠΡΟΕΙΠΟΝ
G4261
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pro-eh-BAL-lon-toh
Translations: they were putting forward, they were throwing before, they were producing, they were presenting, they were proposing
Notes: This word is the imperfect tense of the verb 'προβάλλω', meaning 'to put forward', 'to throw before', 'to produce', or 'to present'. It is a compound word formed from 'πρό' (before, in front of) and 'βάλλω' (to throw, to cast). In the middle or passive voice, it can mean to put oneself forward, to present oneself, or to be put forward/presented. It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past.
Inflection: Imperfect, Middle or Passive Voice, Indicative Mood, 3rd Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΠΑΡΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΕΚΤΙΘΗΜΙ
Etymology: The word προβάλλω (proballō) is a compound of the preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of', and the verb βάλλω (ballō), meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast'. Its meaning evolved from literally 'throwing before' to more abstract senses like 'putting forward' or 'presenting'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection
Sounds like: OY
Translations: the, who, they, oh
Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.
Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.
G5337
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: FOW-loy
Translations: bad, evil, worthless, base, corrupt, bad ones, evil ones, worthless ones
Notes: This word describes something as bad, evil, or worthless, often in a moral sense. It can refer to actions, things, or people that are of poor quality or character. It is used to denote something that is morally corrupt or of little value.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine or Neuter; or Plural, Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΠΟΝΗΡΟΣ, ΚΑΚΟΣ, ΑΧΡΕΙΟΣ
G1142
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: DAI-mo-nes
Translations: demons, divine beings, gods, deities
Notes: This word refers to divine beings or spirits. In classical Greek, it could refer to a deity, a divine power, or a lesser god, often with a neutral or even positive connotation. In the New Testament and later Koine usage, it primarily refers to evil spirits or demons, often associated with idolatry or opposing God. It is the plural form of the word.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Vocative, or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΝΕΥΜΑΤΑ, ΔΑΙΜΟΝΙΑ, ΘΕΟΙ
G3739
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Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Conjunction
Sounds like: HOS
Translations: who, which, what, that, as, how, when
Notes: The word 'ΟΣ' is a versatile relative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'who,' 'which,' or 'that,' depending on the context and the gender, number, and case it agrees with. It introduces a relative clause, linking it to a preceding noun or pronoun. It can also function as a conjunction, meaning 'as,' 'how,' or 'when,' indicating manner or time.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Etymology: The word 'ΟΣ' is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has been a fundamental part of the Greek language's grammatical structure for millennia, serving to connect clauses and introduce relative information.
G0720
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ar-NEH-ee-sthahee
Translations: to deny, to disown, to reject, to refuse
Notes: This word means to deny, disown, or reject something or someone. It can be used in various contexts, such as denying a statement, disowning a person, or rejecting a belief or command. It often implies a refusal to acknowledge or accept something as true or valid.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ἈΠΟΚΡΥΠΤΩ, ἈΠΟΤΙΘΗΜΙ
Etymology: From a compound of the prefix 'a-' (negative) and a root related to 'to say' or 'to speak'. It implies a refusal to speak or acknowledge.
G3303
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: MEN
Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however
Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.
G4163
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: Poy-ay-TEEN
Translations: maker, a maker, creator, a creator, poet, a poet
Notes: This word refers to someone who makes or creates something. It can also specifically mean a poet, as a poet is a 'maker' of verses or stories. It is used to describe the one who brings something into existence.
Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΗΜΙΟΥΡΓΟΣ, ΚΤΙΣΤΗΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G3772
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: oo-ra-NEE-ohn
Translations: of heavenly, of celestial, of the heavens, of the sky, of divine
Notes: This word describes something as being 'heavenly' or 'celestial,' referring to things that belong to or are from the heavens or the sky. It can also imply a divine or spiritual quality. It is used to describe anything associated with the celestial realm, such as stars, angels, or God's dwelling place. In this form, it is a genitive plural, indicating 'of heavenly ones' or 'of celestial things/beings'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΠΟΥΡΑΝΙΟΣ, ΘΕΙΟΣ
G1093
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: GHEE-nohne
Translations: of earthly things, of earthly matters, earthly, worldly
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'earthly' or 'worldly'. It describes something that pertains to the earth, its inhabitants, or the material world, often in contrast to heavenly or spiritual things. It can be used to describe objects, concepts, or people who are focused on worldly matters.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΚΟΣΜΙΚΟΣ, ΕΠΙΓΕΙΟΣ
G0537
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-PAN-tohn
Translations: (of) all, (of) everyone, (of) everything
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'ΑΠΑΣ' (apas), meaning 'all', 'every', or 'the whole'. It is a compound word formed from 'α-' (a-, a prefix indicating totality or completeness) and 'πας' (pas, meaning 'all' or 'every'). As a genitive plural, it indicates possession, origin, or relationship for multiple entities, often translated as 'of all' or 'concerning all'.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders
Synonyms: ΠΑΝΤΩΝ, ΟΛΩΝ
Etymology: The word ΑΠΑΣ (apas) is a compound of the intensive prefix ἀ- (a-) and the word πᾶς (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'. The prefix ἀ- intensifies the meaning of 'all' to 'the whole' or 'everyone without exception'.
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: theh-ON
Translations: God, a God
Notes: This word refers to God, a god, or a deity. It is used as the direct object in a sentence, indicating the recipient of an action or the one being referred to. For example, one might 'worship God' (where 'God' would be in the accusative case).
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ
G4296
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: pro-kay-ROOKH-then-tah
Translations: proclaimed, announced, preached, published
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to proclaim' or 'to announce'. It describes something that has been publicly declared or preached beforehand. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun, or can be used substantively (as a noun) to refer to 'that which has been proclaimed'.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Neuter
Synonyms: ΚΗΡΥΣΣΩ, ΑΝΑΚΗΡΥΣΣΩ, ΔΙΑΚΗΡΥΣΣΩ
Etymology: The word προκηρύσσω (prokēryssō) is a compound word formed from the prefix πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of', and the verb κηρύσσω (kēryssō), meaning 'to proclaim' or 'to preach'.
G1223
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: dee-AH
Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.
G4396
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pro-fay-TON
Translations: of prophets
Notes: This word refers to those who speak for God or interpret His will, often foretelling future events. It is a compound word, combining 'pro' (before, forth) and 'phemi' (to speak). It is used to describe individuals who deliver divine messages or act as spokespersons for God.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΜΑΝΤΙΣ, ΘΕΟΛΟΓΟΣ
Etymology: The word 'ΠΡΟΦΗΤΗΣ' (prophetes) comes from the Greek prefix 'πρό' (pro), meaning 'before' or 'forth', and the verb 'φημί' (phēmi), meaning 'to speak'. Thus, it literally means 'one who speaks forth' or 'one who speaks before' (either in time or on behalf of someone).
G5547
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHRIS-ton
Translations: Christ, the Christ, Anointed One, the Anointed One
Notes: This word refers to the 'Anointed One' or 'Messiah'. In the New Testament, it is primarily used as a title for Jesus, signifying his role as the promised deliverer. It is often used with the definite article 'the' (the Christ) or as a proper name (Christ). As an accusative form, it would typically function as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΜΕΣΣΙΑΣ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ
G5207
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: wee-ON
Translations: son, a son
Notes: This word refers to a male offspring or descendant. It can be used literally for a biological son, or more broadly for someone who is a descendant or follower. It is often used in the context of family relationships or lineage.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΤΕΚΝΟΝ, ΠΑΙΣ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOO
Translations: (of) him, his, (of) it, its
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun. In this genitive singular form, it typically means 'of him,' 'his,' 'of it,' or 'its,' indicating possession or origin. It can refer to a male person or a neuter object/concept.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ (autos) is of uncertain origin, possibly from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'self'. It is an ancient Greek word that has been in continuous use.
G3568
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: NOON
Translations: now, at present, at this time
Notes: ΝΥΝ is an adverb meaning 'now' or 'at present'. It refers to the current moment in time. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a conclusion in a discourse, indicating a shift to the present situation or a logical consequence.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΡΤΙ, ΗΔΗ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now'. It is cognate with Latin nunc and English 'now'.
G1321
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: di-DAS-kee
Translations: teaches, is teaching, does teach
Notes: This word means 'to teach' or 'to instruct'. It describes the action of imparting knowledge or skill to someone. It can be used in various contexts, such as teaching a subject, instructing on a moral principle, or training someone in a skill.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΕΚΔΙΔΑΣΚΩ, ΠΑΙΔΕΥΩ, ΚΑΤΗΧΕΩ
G0243
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: AL-lon
Translations: another, other, a different one
Notes: This word means 'another' or 'other'. It is used to refer to something distinct from what has already been mentioned or is currently being discussed. It can be used to indicate a different person, place, or thing. For example, it might be used in a sentence like 'He went to another city' or 'She saw another person'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ἙΤΕΡΟΣ, ἘΠΙΛΟΙΠΟΣ
G5100
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TEE-nah
Translations: who, what, which, some, any, a certain one, something, anything
Notes: ΤΙΝΑ is an inflected form of the pronoun/adjective ΤΙΣ. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', 'anything', 'a certain one', or 'some'. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it is used in a question or a statement. It can function as both a pronoun standing alone or an adjective modifying a noun.
Inflection: Accusative Singular Masculine or Feminine, or Nominative/Accusative Plural Neuter
G2605
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kah-tang-GEL-lei
Translations: he proclaims, he announces, he declares, he preaches, he reports
Notes: This word means to proclaim, announce, declare, or preach. It is often used in the context of publicly making known a message or news, especially of a significant or authoritative nature. It can be used to describe someone announcing a decree, preaching the Gospel, or reporting an event.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΚΗΡΥΣΣΩ, ΕΥΑΓΓΕΛΙΖΩ, ΑΝΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ
G3844
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: pah-RAH
Translations: from, by, with, beside, at, near, alongside, to
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it typically means 'from' or 'from beside', indicating origin or agency. With the dative case, it means 'with', 'beside', or 'at', indicating proximity or presence. With the accusative case, it means 'alongside', 'to', or 'past', indicating motion towards or along something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΥΠΟ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'beside', 'alongside'. It is cognate with English 'for' and 'from'.
G1216
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: day-mee-oor-GON
Translations: creator, maker, artificer, a creator, a maker, an artificer
Notes: This word refers to a creator, maker, or artificer. It is often used in philosophical and theological contexts to describe the one who creates or fashions something, particularly the universe or the world. It is a compound word derived from 'δῆμος' (people) and 'ἔργον' (work), literally meaning 'one who works for the people' or 'public worker', but evolving to mean 'craftsman' or 'creator'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΠΟΙΗΤΗΣ, ΚΤΙΣΤΗΣ
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-tone
Translations: (of) all, (of) every, (of) everyone, (of) everything, (of) the whole
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'πᾶς' (pas), meaning 'all', 'every', or 'the whole'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for a plural group, signifying 'of all' or 'belonging to all'. It can refer to people, things, or concepts, encompassing a complete set or totality.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G3668
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: ho-MOY-ohss
Translations: likewise, similarly, in like manner, even so
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'likewise' or 'similarly'. It is used to indicate that something is done in the same way as something else, or that a situation is comparable to one previously mentioned. It can connect clauses or sentences, showing a parallel action or state.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣΑΥΤΩΣ, ΠΑΡΑΠΛΗΣΙΩΣ
G2087
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: EH-teh-ron
Translations: another, other, different, a different thing, an other thing
Notes: This word means 'another' or 'other', emphasizing a difference in kind or quality from something else. It is used to refer to something distinct or different from what has been previously mentioned or implied. For example, it might be used to say 'another person' or 'a different kind of thing'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΛΛΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΕΤΕΡΟΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'one of two' or 'the other'. It is related to the English word 'other'.
G5599, G3739
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Part of Speech: Letter, Interjection, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OH-meh-gah (as a letter); OH (as an interjection); OH (as a pronoun)
Translations: Omega, O, Oh, the end, the last, (to) whom, (to) which, (to) what, (to) that, (to) who, (to) those, (to) whomsoever, (to) whatsoever
Notes: This character, Omega, is the twenty-fourth and final letter of the Greek alphabet. As a letter, it represents the long 'o' sound. It can also function as an interjection, similar to 'O' or 'Oh' in English, used for direct address or exclamation. Furthermore, without diacritics, 'Ω' can represent the dative singular form of the relative pronoun 'ὅς, ἥ, ὅ', meaning 'to whom', 'to which', or 'to what', depending on context and gender. It can refer to a person or thing that is the indirect object of an action.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a letter or interjection); Dative, Singular, All genders (as a relative pronoun)
Etymology: The letter Omega is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'. Its name literally means 'great O' (ō mega), distinguishing it from Omicron ('small O'). As a relative pronoun, it originates from Proto-Indo-European roots.
G4183
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pol-LOY
Translations: many, much, a lot of
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'many' or 'much'. It is used to describe a large quantity or number of something. For example, it can be used to say 'many people' or 'much time'. It often appears in the plural form to indicate a multitude.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΙΚΑΝΟΙ, ΠΛΕΙΟΝΕΣ
G3982
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: peis-THEN-tes
Translations: having been persuaded, having obeyed, having trusted, having been convinced
Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle derived from the verb 'peithō', meaning 'to persuade' or 'to trust'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred, indicating that the subjects have undergone the process of being persuaded, convinced, or having come to trust/obey. It functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb in the sentence, often indicating the reason or circumstance for another action.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΕΠΟΙΘΟΤΕΣ, ΠΕΠΕΙΣΜΕΝΟΙ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter
Sounds like: OH
Translations: the, who, which, O
Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)
Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.
G3441
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: MOH-noh
Translations: to only, to alone, to single, to unique, to solitary
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'only,' 'alone,' 'single,' or 'unique.' It is used to describe something that is singular or exclusive. As a dative form, it indicates the recipient or indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for' before the English equivalent.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΜΟΝΟΓΕΝΗΣ, ΕΙΣ
G227
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: tah-lay-THEH
Translations: the true things, the truths, truth
Notes: This word is a contraction of the definite article ΤΑ (the) and the adjective ἈΛΗΘΗ (true, real). The coronis (apostrophe-like mark) indicates that the final vowel of ΤΑ has been elided before the initial vowel of ἈΛΗΘΗ. It is the neuter plural form of the adjective, often used substantively to mean 'the true things' or 'the truths'. It refers to facts, realities, or genuine matters.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ἈΛΗΘΕΙΑ, ΓΝΩΣΙΣ
G1987
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ep-is-TA-me-noh
Translations: knowing, understanding, being acquainted with, a knowing one, a knowledgeable one
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'epistamai', meaning 'to know' or 'to understand'. It describes someone who possesses knowledge or understanding, or is skilled in something. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or substantively, referring to a person who knows or understands.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter, Present, Middle/Passive
Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΟΙΔΑ, ΣΥΝΙΗΜΙ
G2249
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: hay-MOHN
Translations: of us, our
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the first-person personal pronoun, meaning 'of us' or 'our'. It indicates possession or origin related to a group of speakers. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'the house of us' or 'our house'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, First Person
G2606
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kah-tah-geh-LOH-sin
Translations: they laugh at, they mock, they ridicule
Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning 'to laugh at' or 'to mock'. It is used to describe the act of ridiculing someone or something, often with contempt. The prefix 'κατά' (kata) intensifies the action of 'γελάω' (gelaō), which means 'to laugh'. It implies a strong, often scornful, laughter directed at another.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Plural
Synonyms: ΕΚΜΥΚΤΗΡΙΖΩ, ΕΜΠΑΙΖΩ, ΧΛΕΥΑΖΩ
G0585
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-po-DEIK-sin
Translations: proof, demonstration, a demonstration, evidence, a showing forth
Notes: This word refers to the act of showing or demonstrating something, often with the implication of providing clear and convincing proof or evidence. It can be used in contexts where a logical argument or a physical manifestation serves to establish the truth or reality of a matter.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ἘΛΕΓΧΟΣ, ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑ, ΤΕΚΜΗΡΙΟΝ
G3367
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun
Sounds like: may-deh-MEE-ahn
Translations: no, not one, none, not any, (not) a single
Notes: This word is a compound negative adjective or pronoun, meaning 'no one', 'nothing', or 'not any'. It is used to emphasize the complete absence of something, often in a prohibitive or conditional context. It combines the negative particle 'μη' (mē) with 'εἷς' (heis), meaning 'one'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΙΣ, ΟΥΔΕΝ
Etymology: The word ΜΗΔΕΙΣ is a compound of the negative particle μή (mē), meaning 'not', and εἷς (heis), meaning 'one'. It developed in ancient Greek to express a strong, subjective negation of 'one' or 'any', particularly in contexts of prohibition or potentiality.
G4012
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PEH-ree
Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.
Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself
Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.
G5607
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Part of Speech: Participle, Verb
Sounds like: OHN
Translations: being, who is, which is, he who is, they who are
Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'to be'. It describes a state of being or existence, often functioning like an adjective or a noun. It can be translated as 'being' or 'who is/are' depending on the context, referring to someone or something that is in a particular state or performing an action of being.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: leh-GOO-sin
Translations: they say, they speak, they tell
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'they say,' 'they speak,' or 'they tell.' It is used to describe the action of multiple people communicating verbally. For example, it can be used in sentences like 'they say that...' or 'they speak to them.'
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Present, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΦΗΜΙ, ΛΑΛΕΩ
G2192
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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)
Sounds like: EKH-on-tes
Translations: having, holding, possessing, those who have, while having
Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It describes someone or something that is in the act of having, holding, or possessing something. It functions like an adjective or adverb, providing additional information about the subject of a sentence, often translated as 'having' or 'those who have'.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΚΕΚΤΗΜΕΝΟΙ, ΚΑΤΕΧΟΝΤΕΣ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΟΝΤΕΣ
G0235
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: AL-lah
Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed
Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.
G0250
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: ah-LOH-gohss
Translations: unreasonably, without reason, absurdly, senselessly, thoughtlessly, foolishly
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'without reason' or 'unreasonably'. It describes an action or state that lacks logical basis, is irrational, or is done thoughtlessly. It can be used to describe something done in an absurd or foolish manner.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΦΡΟΝΩΣ, ΑΝΟΗΤΩΣ
G5613
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition
Sounds like: OHS
Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that
Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.
G5259
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: hoo-POH
Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.
G3074
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: LY-koo
Translations: of a wolf, of the wolf
Notes: This word refers to 'of a wolf' or 'of the wolf'. It is the genitive singular form of the noun 'λύκος' (wolf). It is used to indicate possession or origin, similar to how 'of' is used in English, for example, 'the howl of a wolf' or 'the nature of a wolf'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
G0721
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: AR-nes
Translations: lambs, a lamb
Notes: This word refers to young sheep, specifically lambs. It is used to describe a flock of lambs or individual lambs, often in a pastoral or sacrificial context. It is a plural form of the noun.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΒΑΤΑ, ΑΜΝΟΙ
G4884
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Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective
Sounds like: soon-har-PAH-smeh-noy
Translations: seized together, caught up, carried away, snatched away
Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been seized together' or 'having been carried away'. It describes a state of being forcibly taken or swept along, often implying a sudden or violent action. It can be used to describe people who are caught up in an event or emotion.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΡΠΑΖΩ, ΣΥΛΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ
G0977
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: boh-RAH
Translations: food, a food, meat, prey, a prey
Notes: This word refers to food, especially that which is consumed by animals, or prey. It can be used in contexts describing sustenance or something that is devoured. For example, it might be used to describe food for humans or animals, or a victim that is eaten by a predator.
Inflection: Singular, Feminine, Nominative or Accusative or Dative
Synonyms: ΒΡΩΜΑ, ΤΡΟΦΗ, ΣΙΤΟΣ
Etymology: From the root of βιβρώσκω (to eat).
G0002
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: ah-THEH-ohn
Translations: of godless ones, of atheists, of those without God, of ungodly ones
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective or noun 'atheos'. It is a compound word formed from the privative alpha (ἀ-) meaning 'without' and 'theos' (θεός) meaning 'God'. Therefore, it describes those who are without God, godless, or atheists. It is used to refer to a group of people who do not believe in or acknowledge God, or who are considered ungodly.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
Synonyms: ἈΣΕΒΩΝ, ἈΝΟΜΩΝ
G1378
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: DOG-ma-ton
Translations: of doctrines, of decrees, of ordinances, of opinions, of tenets
Notes: This word refers to established doctrines, decrees, or ordinances, often in a religious or philosophical context. It can also mean opinions or tenets. It is used to describe a body of beliefs or rules that are formally laid down, such as the teachings of a religious group or the laws of a government. This is the genitive plural form of the noun.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΔΙΔΑΧΩΝ, ΕΝΤΟΛΩΝ, ΝΟΜΩΝ
G1139
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: dai-MO-nohn
Translations: of demons, of evil spirits
Notes: This word refers to spiritual beings, often understood as evil spirits or demons in a New Testament context. It is the genitive plural form, indicating possession or origin, so it would be used in phrases like 'the power of demons' or 'the works of evil spirits'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΝΕΥΜΑΤΩΝ, ΑΓΓΕΛΩΝ
G1096
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: GHEE-non-tai
Translations: they become, they happen, they come to pass, they are, they arise, they are made
Notes: This is a common verb meaning 'to become,' 'to happen,' or 'to come into being.' It describes a process of change or occurrence, indicating that something is coming into existence or transitioning into a new state. It can also simply mean 'to be' in certain contexts, especially when referring to events or situations.
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Plural
Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΦΥΟΜΑΙ
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OO
Translations: not, no
Notes: ΟΥ̓ is a negative particle used to express a factual negation. It typically negates verbs in the indicative mood, stating that something is not true or does not happen. It can also negate other parts of speech. When combined with ΜΉ (ou mē), it forms a very strong negation, meaning "by no means" or "never."
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ, ΟΥ̓Κ, ΟΥ̓ΧΊ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a fundamental negative particle in Greek.
G1063
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: gar
Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.
G0243
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun, Adverb
Sounds like: AL-lo
Translations: other, another, different, an other, another thing
Notes: This word refers to something distinct or different from what has already been mentioned or is currently under consideration. It can be used to describe a different person, thing, or concept. It often functions as an adjective modifying a noun, but can also stand alone as a pronoun meaning 'another one' or 'another thing'. When used adverbially, it can mean 'otherwise' or 'in another way'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ἙΤΕΡΟΣ, ἈΛΛΟΤΡΙΟΣ
Etymology: The word ἈΛΛΟΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English 'else'.
G5101
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TEE
Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing
Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.
G0075
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-goh-NEE-zon-tai
Translations: they strive, they contend, they fight, they struggle, they compete
Notes: This word describes the action of engaging in a contest, struggle, or conflict. It implies a strenuous effort or exertion, often in the context of an athletic competition, a battle, or a spiritual struggle. It can be used to describe people actively competing or fighting for something.
Inflection: 3rd Person Plural, Present Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice
Synonyms: ΜΑΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΑΛΑΙΩ, ἘΡΙΖΩ
Etymology: The word ἀγωνίζομαι (agonizomai) is derived from ἀγών (agōn), meaning 'assembly, contest, struggle'. It refers to the place of assembly for games or contests, and by extension, the contest itself.
G3004
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: leh-GOH-meh-noy
Translations: said, called, named, spoken, those who are said, those who are called, those who are named
Notes: This word is a present passive participle derived from the verb 'to say' or 'to speak'. It describes someone or something that is being said, called, or named. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or substantively, acting as a noun itself, often translated as 'those who are called' or 'the ones being said'.
Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΑΛΟΥΜΕΝΟΙ, ΟΝΟΜΑΖΟΜΕΝΟΙ
Etymology: The word ΛΕΓΩ (legō) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to gather, collect, pick out, speak'. It is related to the English word 'lecture' and 'logic'.
G2228, G3588
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Definite Article, Numeral
Sounds like: AY
Translations: or, the, 8
Notes: This word can function as a conjunction meaning 'or', indicating an alternative or choice between two or more options. It can also be the feminine nominative singular form of the definite article 'the', used to specify a feminine noun that is the subject of a sentence. The '̓' (coronis) indicates that this form is an elision, meaning it's a shortened form of a word like ἤ (e.g., when followed by a vowel). Additionally, the '̓' could be a keraia, indicating the numeral 8.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as conjunction or numeral); Singular, Nominative, Feminine (as definite article)
Etymology: The conjunction ἤ (e.g., from which Ἠ is an elision) is of uncertain origin. The definite article ἡ (from which Ἠ is an elision) comes from Proto-Indo-European. The numeral meaning is derived from the Greek letter eta (Η), which was used to represent the number 8.
G0520
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-pah-GINE
Translations: to lead away, to carry away, to bring before, to take away, to put to death
Notes: This verb means to lead or carry someone or something away from a place. It can be used in various contexts, such as leading a prisoner away, carrying off plunder, or even bringing someone before an authority. In some contexts, especially when referring to criminals, it can imply leading away to execution or putting to death.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΑΓΩ, ΦΕΡΩ, ΑΠΑΓΩΓΗ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOOS
Translations: the, them, those
Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).
G0444
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ahn-THROH-poos
Translations: men, people, human beings, humans
Notes: This word refers to human beings in general, encompassing both men and women. It is often used to distinguish humans from God or from animals. In a sentence, it would function as the direct object, indicating the recipients of an action or the subjects being discussed.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΒΡΟΤΟΥΣ, ΑΝΔΡΑΣ
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G4160
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: poy-ay-SAN-tos
Translations: of having made, of having done, of having produced, of having created
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'poieō', meaning 'to make' or 'to do'. As a genitive singular masculine/neuter participle, it describes the one who has performed an action, often translated as 'of the one who made' or 'of him who did'. It indicates a completed action by a specific agent, functioning like an adjective modifying a noun in the genitive case, or as a substantive noun itself.
Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΡΓΑΣΑΜΕΝΟΥ, ΠΡΑΞΑΝΤΟΣ
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THAY-oo
Translations: of God, of a God
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'ΘΕΟΣ' (theos), meaning 'God' or 'a god'. In Koine Greek, the genitive case often indicates possession, origin, or relationship, similar to the English 'of' or the possessive apostrophe 's'. Therefore, 'ΘΕΟΥ' typically translates to 'of God' or 'of a god', depending on the context. It can refer to the one true God or to a pagan deity.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
G4416
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PRO-toh-go-NOO
Translations: of firstborn, of first-begotten, of first-created
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'firstborn,' 'first-begotten,' or 'first-created.' It is a compound word derived from 'πρῶτος' (first) and 'γονός' (born, begotten). It is used to describe someone or something that is the first to be born or created, often implying preeminence or priority. In a sentence, it would modify a noun, indicating its status as the first of its kind.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΠΡΩΤΟΤΟΚΟΣ, ΠΡΩΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word is a compound of the Greek words πρῶτος (prōtos), meaning 'first,' and γονός (gonos), meaning 'birth' or 'offspring.' It literally means 'first-born' or 'first-created.'
G5547
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: khri-STOO
Translations: of Christ, of the Anointed One, of the Messiah
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of 'ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ' (Christos), meaning 'Anointed One' or 'Messiah'. It refers to the one chosen and consecrated by God, particularly Jesus. As a genitive case, 'ΧΡΙΣΤΟΥ' indicates possession, origin, or relationship, often translated as 'of Christ' or 'belonging to Christ'. It can be used to describe something that pertains to Christ or is from Christ.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΜΕΣΣΙΑΣ, ΕΚΛΕΚΤΟΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: THAYS
Translations: of the
Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.
G1093
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: GAYS
Translations: (of) earth, (of) land, (of) ground, (of) world, (of) country, (of) region
Notes: This word refers to the earth, land, or ground. It can denote the physical soil, a specific territory or country, or the entire planet. As a genitive form, it indicates possession, origin, or the material from which something is made, often translated with 'of' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΑΓΡΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΓΗ (gē) comes from Proto-Hellenic *gā́, which itself is from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁- ('earth').
G3361
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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb
Sounds like: MAY
Translations: not, lest, no, do not
Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.
G1869
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ep-AHR-es-thai
Translations: to be lifted up, to be exalted, to be proud, to be arrogant, to be puffed up
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to lift up' or 'to raise'. In the middle or passive voice, as seen in this form, it often means 'to be lifted up', 'to be exalted', or 'to be raised'. It can also carry the connotation of 'to be proud' or 'to be arrogant', implying a lifting up of oneself in a negative sense. It is used to describe an action of elevation, either literally or figuratively, and can refer to a state of pride or self-exaltation.
Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive Voice, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΥΨΟΩ, ΑΙΡΩ, ΦΥΣΙΟΩ
Etymology: The word ΕΠΑΙΡΩ is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΕΠΙ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'over', and the verb ΑΙΡΩ (airo), meaning 'to lift' or 'to take up'.
G1410
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: dy-NAH-meh-noos
Translations: being able, able, those who are able, (to) those who are able
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'δύναμαι' (dynamai), meaning 'to be able' or 'to have power'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone or something that possesses the ability or power to do something. In this form, it refers to 'those who are able' or 'those who are powerful', often used in an accusative context to indicate the direct object of an action.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Accusative, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΟΝΤΑΣ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑΖΟΝΤΑΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toys
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: ΤΟΙΣ is the dative plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, but specifically indicates the indirect object or the recipient of an action, or location/instrument when used with a dative noun. It can be used with masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns in the plural.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into the definite article in Greek.
G1093
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: GHEE-noyce
Translations: to earthly ones, for earthly ones, on earthly things, to those made of earth, for those made of earth, on things made of earth
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'earthly,' 'of the earth,' or 'made of earth.' It describes something that pertains to the physical world or is composed of earthly material, often in contrast to heavenly or spiritual things. It can refer to people who are focused on earthly matters or to objects that are physical and tangible.
Inflection: Dative/Locative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΓΕΙΟΣ, ΚΟΣΜΙΚΟΣ
G5499
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: kheh-roh-POY-ee-toyss
Translations: (to) things made by hand, (to) man-made things, (to) handmade things
Notes: This is a compound adjective meaning 'made by hand' or 'man-made'. It is formed from the words 'χείρ' (cheir), meaning 'hand', and 'ποιητός' (poietos), meaning 'made' or 'done'. It is often used to describe idols, temples, or other objects created by human effort, contrasting them with things made by God or existing naturally.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word ΧΕΙΡΟΠΟΙΗΤΟΣ is a compound of two Greek words: χείρ (cheir), meaning 'hand', and ποιητός (poietos), meaning 'made' or 'done'. The latter is derived from the verb ποιέω (poieō), 'to make' or 'to do'.
G4338
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pros-ay-LOH-san
Translations: they nailed to, they fastened to, they affixed to
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and the verb ἡλόω (heloō), meaning 'to nail'. Therefore, it means 'to nail to' or 'to fasten to'. It describes the action of attaching something firmly to another object, typically with nails or pegs. It is often used in contexts of crucifixion or securing objects.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΠΗΓΝΥΜΙ, ΠΡΟΣΚΟΛΛΑΩ
G4338
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pros-ay-LOO-see
Translations: they nail to, they crucify
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to nail to' or 'to crucify'. It describes the action of fastening something or someone to a surface, often with nails, and is notably used in the context of crucifixion. It is the third person plural present active indicative form of the verb.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Present, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΣΤΑΥΡΟΩ, ΠΗΓΝΥΜΙ
Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΣΗΛΟΩ is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΠΡΟΣ (pros), meaning 'to' or 'toward', and the verb ΗΛΟΩ (heloō), meaning 'to nail'. Thus, it literally means 'to nail to'.
G1909
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: eh-PEE
Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to
Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.
G2334
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: theh-oh-REE-an
Translations: a spectacle, a sight, a viewing, a contemplation, a theory
Notes: This word refers to the act of looking at something, a sight, or a spectacle. It can also denote contemplation or a theoretical understanding of something, often implying a deep and insightful observation.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΘΕΑ, ΟΨΙΣ, ΘΕΑΜΑ
G2304
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: THAY-ohn
Translations: of divine things, of godly things, of God, divine, godly
Notes: This word describes something as being divine, godly, or pertaining to God. It is often used to refer to things that originate from or are characteristic of God. In its genitive plural form, as seen in the examples, it often translates to 'of divine things' or 'of godly things', indicating possession or relation to the divine realm.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΘΕΟΣ, ΟΥΡΑΝΙΟΣ
G3729
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: hor-MOHN-tas
Translations: rushing, urging, setting in motion, impelling
Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'hormaō', meaning 'to set in motion, to urge on, to rush'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that is ongoing. It can be translated as 'rushing' or 'urging', indicating someone or something that is in the act of moving quickly or impelling others.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Accusative, Plural
Synonyms: ΣΠΕΥΔΟΝΤΑΣ, ΕΠΕΙΓΟΝΤΑΣ
G5250
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: hoo-pek-KROO-on-tes
Translations: repelling, pushing back, warding off, parrying
Notes: This word is a compound participle derived from the verb ΥΠΕΚΚΡΟΥΩ (hypekkrouō), meaning 'to repel' or 'to push back'. It describes someone or something that is actively engaged in repelling, pushing back, or warding off an attack or an opponent. It is used to indicate an ongoing action of resistance or defense.
Inflection: Present Active Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΚΡΟΥΟΝΤΕΣ, ΑΜΥΝΟΝΤΕΣ
Etymology: The verb ΥΠΕΚΚΡΟΥΩ is a compound of three parts: ΥΠΟ (hypo, 'under' or 'from under'), ΕΚ (ek, 'out of'), and ΚΡΟΥΩ (krouō, 'to strike' or 'to knock'). Thus, it literally means 'to strike out from under' or 'to push out from under', leading to the sense of repelling or warding off.
G2258
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: HAYN
Translations: was, he was, she was, it was
Notes: This word is the imperfect indicative form of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It describes a continuous or ongoing state or action in the past. It can be translated as 'was', 'he was', 'she was', or 'it was', depending on the subject implied by the context. It is often used to set the scene or describe background information in a narrative.
Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice, 3rd Person Singular
G3053
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: loh-giss-MON
Translations: thought, a thought, reasoning, a reasoning, calculation, a calculation, purpose, a purpose, device, a device
Notes: This word refers to a thought, reasoning, or calculation. It describes the product of mental activity, such as a plan, a purpose, or a device. It can be used to denote both good and bad intentions or ideas.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΝΘΥΜΗΣΙΣ, ΔΙΑΛΟΓΙΣΜΟΣ
G4998
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: SOH-froh-nah
Translations: sensible, prudent, self-controlled, sound-minded, sober, discreet, a sensible, a prudent
Notes: This word describes someone or something that is sensible, prudent, or self-controlled. It implies a state of mind that is sound and well-balanced, leading to wise and moderate behavior. It can be used to describe individuals, actions, or even abstract concepts like a kingdom, indicating a quality of wisdom and moderation.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine; or Plural, Accusative, Masculine/Feminine/Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΓΚΡΑΤΗΣ, ΝΗΦΑΛΙΟΣ
G2513
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ka-tha-RON
Translations: clean, pure, innocent, a clean thing, a pure thing
Notes: This word describes something that is free from dirt, defilement, or moral impurity. It can refer to physical cleanliness, ritual purity, or moral blamelessness. It is often used to describe things that are unmixed or unadulterated. In a sentence, it would modify a noun, indicating its state of purity or cleanliness.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΓΝΟΣ, ΑΜΙΑΝΤΟΣ, ΑΜΩΜΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΚΑΘΑΡΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the verb καθαίρω (kathairō), meaning 'to cleanse' or 'to purify'.
G0003
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-PAH-thay
Translations: impassible, unaffected, free from suffering, apathetic, without passion, an impassible, an unaffected
Notes: This word describes something or someone that is not subject to suffering, passion, or emotion. It implies a state of being unfeeling or impervious to external influences, particularly pain or strong emotions. It can be used to describe a divine being, or a philosophical state of mind.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ἈΝΕΜΠΟΔΙΣΤΟΣ, ἈΤΑΡΑΧΟΣ, ἈΝΕΠΙΔΕΚΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word is a compound of the privative prefix 'ἀ-' (a-, meaning 'not' or 'without') and 'πάθος' (pathos, meaning 'suffering' or 'passion'). It literally means 'without suffering' or 'without passion'.
G0979
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: BEE-on
Translations: life, a life, livelihood, a livelihood, property, a property
Notes: This word refers to life, especially in its physical sense, or the means by which one lives, such as one's livelihood or property. It can describe the duration of life, the manner of life, or the resources needed for life. In the provided examples, it is used to refer to one's entire life or the means of life.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΖΩΗ, ΨΥΧΗ
G2192
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EKH-oh-sin
Translations: may have, might have, may hold, might hold, may possess, might possess
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to have', 'to hold', or 'to possess'. It is used to indicate ownership, possession, or a state of being. As a subjunctive form, it often expresses possibility, desire, or purpose, translating as 'may have' or 'might have' in English.
Inflection: 3rd Person, Plural, Present, Active, Subjunctive
Synonyms: ΚΤΩΜΑΙ, ΚΕΚΤΗΜΑΙ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ
G1519
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EES
Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward
Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.
G0763
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-seh-BEYE-ahn
Translations: ungodliness, impiety, wickedness, an ungodliness, an impiety, a wickedness
Notes: This word refers to a state or act of ungodliness, impiety, or wickedness. It describes a lack of reverence or respect for God, often manifesting as impious or immoral behavior. It is used to denote actions or attitudes that are contrary to divine law or moral principles.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ἈΝΟΜΙΑ, ἈΔΙΚΙΑ
G1710
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: em-BAL-loo-sin
Translations: they throw in, they cast in, they put in, they insert, they attack, they invade
Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning to throw, cast, or put something into something else. It can also mean to attack or invade a place or person. It is used to describe an action performed by multiple subjects.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΕΙΣΒΑΛΛΩ, ΕΜΠΙΠΤΩ, ΕΠΙΤΙΘΗΜΙ
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