Home / Interlinears (Beta) / Justin Martyr / First Apology of Justin Martyr / Chapter 39First Apology of Justin Martyr, Chapter 39
Interlinear version from Justin Martyr (Beta)
G3752
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: OH-tan
Translations: when, whenever, as often as, at the time that
Notes: This word is a conjunction or adverb used to introduce a temporal clause, indicating a point in time or a condition. It means 'when' or 'whenever,' suggesting that something happens at a specific moment or repeatedly under certain circumstances. It is often followed by the subjunctive mood in Koine Greek.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΤΕ, ΗΝΙΚΑ
Etymology: From the conjunction ὅτε (hote, 'when') and the particle ἄν (an, indicating potential or contingency).
G1161
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: DEH
Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however
Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.
G5613
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition
Sounds like: OHS
Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that
Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.
G4395
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pro-fay-TEH-oo-on
Translations: prophesying, prophesying, foretelling, speaking by inspiration
Notes: This word describes the act of prophesying or speaking under divine inspiration. It can refer to foretelling future events, but more broadly, it means to speak forth a message from God, often involving teaching, exhortation, or revelation. It is used to describe individuals who are delivering a message believed to be from a divine source.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative; or Present, Active, Participle, Masculine or Feminine, Accusative Singular
Synonyms: ΜΑΝΤΕΥΟΜΑΙ, ΧΡΗΣΤΗΡΙΑΖΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.
G3195
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: MEL-lon-tah
Translations: about to, going to, future, things to come, those who are about to
Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb 'μέλλω', meaning 'to be about to' or 'to be going to'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, describing something that is imminent or in the future. It can refer to future events, future people, or things that are destined to happen. In the provided examples, it refers to 'future things' or 'those who are about to'.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ἘΣΟΜΕΝΑ, ΓΕΝΗΣΟΜΕΝΑ
G1096
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ghee-NES-thai
Translations: to become, to happen, to be, to come into being, to be born, to arise, to come to pass
Notes: This verb is very common in Koine Greek and has a broad range of meanings, primarily related to something coming into existence, happening, or changing state. It can describe a process of becoming, an event taking place, or a person being born. It is often used impersonally to mean 'it happened' or 'it came to pass'.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΓΕΝΝΑΩ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΣΥΜΒΑΙΝΩ
Etymology: The word ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵenh₁-, meaning 'to produce, beget, give birth'. It is related to words like 'genesis' and 'generate' in English.
G2981
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: LAH-lee
Translations: speech, talk, a speech, a talk
Notes: This word refers to speech or talk, the act of speaking, or the words spoken. It is a noun derived from the verb 'λαλέω' (laleō), meaning 'to speak'. It can be used to describe general conversation or a specific utterance.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΛΟΓΟΣ, ΡΗΜΑ, ΦΩΝΗ
Etymology: The word 'λαλή' (lalē) is derived from the verb 'λαλέω' (laleō), which means 'to speak' or 'to talk'. The verb itself is onomatopoeic, imitating the sound of babbling or chattering.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G4397
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pro-fay-ti-KON
Translations: prophetic, a prophetic thing, a prophetic word
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'prophetic' or 'pertaining to a prophet or prophecy'. It describes something that comes from a prophet or has the nature of a prophecy. For example, one might speak of a 'prophetic word' or a 'prophetic spirit'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΧΡΗΣΜΩΔΙΚΟΣ, ΜΑΝΤΙΚΟΣ
Etymology: The word 'ΠΡΟΦΗΤΙΚΟΣ' (prophetikos) is derived from 'ΠΡΟΦΗΤΗΣ' (prophētēs), meaning 'prophet', which itself comes from 'πρό' (pro), meaning 'before' or 'forth', and 'φημί' (phēmi), meaning 'to speak'. Thus, it refers to one who speaks forth or declares something, especially divine messages.
G4151
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PNEV-mah
Translations: spirit, a spirit, wind, a wind, breath, a breath
Notes: This word refers to 'spirit,' 'wind,' or 'breath.' In a physical sense, it can mean a gust of wind or the act of breathing. Theologically, it often refers to the Holy Spirit, a spiritual being, or the human spirit. It is a neuter noun and its meaning can vary depending on the context, from a literal breeze to a divine essence.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΝΕΜΟΣ, ΠΝΟΗ
Etymology: The word ΠΝΕΥΜΑ derives from the verb πνέω (pneō), meaning 'to breathe,' 'to blow,' or 'to gasp.' It refers to something that is breathed or blown.
G3779
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OO-tohs
Translations: thus, so, in this way, in such a way
Notes: This adverb indicates manner or degree, meaning 'in this way,' 'thus,' or 'so.' It can refer back to something previously mentioned or forward to something about to be stated. It often introduces a consequence or result, showing how something is done or to what extent.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΩΣ
Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun ΟΥΤΟΣ (OUTOS), meaning 'this' or 'that'.
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: LEH-ghei
Translations: says, speaks, he says, he speaks, she says, she speaks, it says, it speaks
Notes: This is a common Koine Greek verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is frequently used to introduce direct quotes or to state what someone (or something) is declaring. It is often translated as 'he says' or 'the Lord says' in biblical contexts.
Inflection: Third person singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΦΗΜΙ
G1537
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EK
Translations: out of, from, of
Notes: ἘΚ is a preposition meaning 'out of' or 'from,' indicating origin, source, or separation. It always governs the genitive case, meaning the noun or pronoun following it will be in the genitive form. It can also be used to express the cause or means by which something occurs.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἈΠΌ
Etymology: From a primary preposition, meaning 'out of' or 'from'. It is a fundamental word in Greek, indicating separation or origin.
G1063
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: gar
Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.
G4622
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: see-OHN
Translations: Zion
Notes: Zion refers to a specific hill in Jerusalem, often used to denote the city of Jerusalem itself, especially its spiritual and theological significance as the dwelling place of God and the center of His people. It can also refer to the heavenly Jerusalem or the spiritual community of believers.
Inflection: Does not inflect (indeclinable)
Synonyms: ΙΕΡΟΥΣΑΛΗΜ
Etymology: The word is of Hebrew origin (צִיּוֹן, Tsiyyon), meaning 'fortification' or 'citadel'. It was originally the name of a Jebusite fortress in Jerusalem, which King David conquered and made his capital.
G1831
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eks-el-EW-seh-tai
Translations: he will go out, she will go out, it will go out, he will come out, she will come out, it will come out
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἐκ/ἐξ (out of, from) and the verb ἔρχομαι (to come, to go). It means 'to go out' or 'to come out' and is used to describe movement from an inside place to an outside place, or from a source. It can also refer to something originating from a person or place.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Future, Indicative, Middle/Passive Deponent
Synonyms: ΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: The verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai) is of uncertain origin, possibly from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to move'. The prefix ἐξ (ex) is from the Proto-Indo-European *eǵhs, meaning 'out of'.
G3551
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: NOH-mos
Translations: law, a law, principle, custom
Notes: This word refers to a law, a principle, or a custom. It can denote a specific legal code, such as the Mosaic Law, or a general principle or rule. It is often used in a religious or ethical context, referring to divine commandments or established norms of conduct.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΝΤΟΛΗ, ΔΙΚΑΙΩΜΑ, ΚΑΝΩΝ
Etymology: The word ΝΟΜΟΣ (nomos) comes from the Greek verb νέμω (nemō), meaning 'to distribute, to assign, to apportion'. It originally referred to that which is distributed or assigned, and thus came to mean an established custom or law.
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G3056
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: LOH-goss
Translations: word, a word, reason, a reason, account, an account, speech, a speech, message, a message, report, a report, thing, a thing, matter, a matter, saying, a saying, discourse, a discourse
Notes: The word 'logos' is a fundamental term in Koine Greek with a wide range of meanings. It can refer to a spoken or written word, a statement, a message, or a command. Beyond simple communication, it also encompasses concepts like reason, logic, an account, a narrative, or even a divine utterance or principle. Its specific meaning often depends on the context in which it is used.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΡΗΜΑ, ΕΠΟΣ
Etymology: From the verb λέγω (legō), meaning 'to say, speak'. It refers to something said or thought, and its meaning evolved to encompass both speech and the underlying reason or thought.
G2962
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KOO-ree-OO
Translations: of Lord, of the Lord, of God, of the Master
Notes: This word refers to a lord, master, or owner. In religious contexts, particularly in the Septuagint and New Testament, it is frequently used to refer to God or Jesus Christ, often as a title of reverence and authority. It can be used in sentences like 'the house of the Lord' or 'the word of the Lord'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΘΕΟΣ, ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ
Etymology: The word ΚΥΡΙΟΣ (kyrios) derives from the root κῦρος (kyros), meaning 'power, authority'. It originally referred to someone who possessed authority or control, such as a master or owner, and later evolved to be used as a title for deities or rulers.
G1537
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: ex
Translations: out of, from, of, by, with
Notes: ἘΞ is a preposition that signifies origin, separation, or source. It always governs the genitive case. It can denote movement 'out of' a place, 'from' a point in time or a source, 'of' a material or composition, or 'by' an agent. It often implies a complete separation or a clear point of departure.
Inflection: Does not inflect; always takes the genitive case.
Synonyms: ΑΠΟ, ΕΚ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is cognate with Latin ex and English out.
G2419
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ee-eh-roo-sa-LEEM
Translations: Jerusalem
Notes: This is the name of the ancient city of Jerusalem, a significant city in the history of Judaism and Christianity. It is often referred to as the Holy City and is central to many biblical narratives. As a proper noun, it functions as the subject or object in a sentence, referring specifically to this particular city.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The name 'Jerusalem' is of Semitic origin, likely meaning 'foundation of Shalem' or 'city of peace'. It is derived from ancient Hebrew roots and has been known by various names throughout history, but Jerusalem is its most enduring form.
G2919
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: KREE-nay
Translations: judges, he judges, she judges, it judges, will judge, he will judge, she will judge, it will judge, decides, he decides, she decides, it decides, distinguishes, he distinguishes, she distinguishes, it distinguishes
Notes: This word means to judge, decide, or distinguish. It is used to describe the act of making a judgment or decision, often in a legal or moral context. It can also refer to the act of separating or discerning between things. For example, it can be used to say 'he judges the people' or 'it decides the matter'.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present Tense, Active Voice, Indicative Mood
Synonyms: ΔΙΚΑΖΩ, ΔΙΑΚΡΙΝΩ, ΚΑΤΑΚΡΙΝΩ
G0303
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb, Prefix
Sounds like: ah-NAH
Translations: up, upward, again, back, each, per, through, among, by, on, upon
Notes: ἈΝΑ is a versatile Koine Greek word that can function as a preposition, an adverb, or a prefix in compound words. As a preposition, it typically takes the accusative case and signifies movement 'up' or 'upward', or distribution 'each' or 'per'. As an adverb, it can mean 'up' or 'upward'. When used as a prefix, it often conveys meanings such as 'up', 'back', 'again', or 're-'. For example, in 'ἈΝΑΣΤΗΘΙ' (anastethi), it means 'stand up' or 'rise up'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΝΩ, ΕΠΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'on, upon, up'.
G3319
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: MEH-son
Translations: middle, midst, between, among, a middle, the middle
Notes: This word refers to the middle point, space, or time. It is often used in phrases with prepositions like "ana" (ἀνά) or "en" (ἐν) to indicate being "in the midst of," "between," or "among" things or people.
Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΜΕΣΟΣ, ΕΝΔΟΝ, ΕΝΤΟΣ
G1484
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ETH-nohn
Translations: of nations, of Gentiles, of peoples, of the nations, of the Gentiles, of the peoples
Notes: This word refers to a nation, a people, or a group of people, often specifically used in the New Testament to refer to non-Jewish people, i.e., the Gentiles. It is used here in the genitive plural, indicating possession or origin, often translated as 'of nations' or 'of Gentiles'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΛΑΟΣ, ΦΥΛΗ
G1651
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-LENG-xay
Translations: he will convict, he will reprove, he will expose, he will rebuke, he will convince
Notes: This word means to convict, reprove, expose, or rebuke someone, often with the aim of bringing them to a realization of their fault or guilt. It implies a process of demonstrating or proving something to be true, especially a fault or error. It can be used in contexts of legal conviction, moral correction, or intellectual refutation.
Inflection: Future Indicative, Active Voice, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΤΙΜΑΩ, ΚΑΤΑΚΡΙΝΩ, ΕΞΕΛΕΓΧΩ
G2992
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: LAH-on
Translations: people, a people, nation, a nation, multitude, a multitude
Notes: This word refers to a group of people, a nation, or a multitude. It is a masculine noun and is often used to describe the general populace or a specific ethnic group. In the given form, it is used as the direct object of a verb.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΘΝΟΣ, ΟΧΛΟΣ, ΠΛΗΘΟΣ
G4183
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: po-LOON
Translations: much, many, great, a great deal, a lot
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'much' or 'many'. It is used to describe a large quantity or number of something. In the provided examples, it is used with 'χρόνον' (time) to mean 'much time' or 'a long time'. It is often used to modify nouns, indicating a significant amount or multitude.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΙΚΑΝΟΣ, ΠΛΕΙΩΝ, ΑΦΘΟΝΟΣ
G4777
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: syng-KOP-soo-see
Translations: they will beat into, they will hammer into, they will break into pieces, they will turn into
Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition σύν (syn, meaning 'with' or 'together') and the verb κόπτω (koptō, meaning 'to cut' or 'to strike'). It means to beat or hammer something together or into something else, often with the implication of breaking it down or reshaping it. It is used to describe the action of transforming one object into another by forceful striking, such as turning swords into plowshares.
Inflection: Future Indicative, Active Voice, Third Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΚΟΠΤΩ, ΣΥΝΤΡΙΒΩ, ΜΕΤΑΜΟΡΦΟΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAS
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑΣ is the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a particular noun, similar to 'the' in English. This specific form is used when the noun it modifies is feminine, plural, and in the accusative case, indicating the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Feminine, Plural, Accusative
G3162
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ma-KHAIR-as
Translations: sword, a sword, dagger, a dagger, knife, a knife
Notes: This word refers to a sword, dagger, or knife. It is a general term for a short, sharp weapon or cutting implement. It can be used in contexts of warfare, self-defense, or even for everyday tasks requiring a blade.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΞΙΦΟΣ, ΡΟΜΦΑΙΑ
Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to μάχη (machē), meaning 'battle' or 'fight'.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: of them, their, of themselves
Notes: This word is a pronoun indicating possession or relation, specifically for a group of people or things. It is used to mean 'of them' or 'their', often referring back to a previously mentioned plural noun or pronoun.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, All genders
G1519
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EES
Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward
Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.
G0722
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-RO-trah
Translations: plow, a plow
Notes: This word refers to a plow, an agricultural implement used for tilling soil. It is typically used in contexts related to farming or preparing land for cultivation. In the provided examples, it is used metaphorically in phrases like 'beat swords into plows,' signifying a transformation from warfare to peaceful agricultural pursuits.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Etymology: The word ἄροτρον (arotron) comes from the verb ἀρόω (aroō), meaning 'to plow.' It is related to the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂erh₃-, which also means 'to plow.'
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: zee-BOO-nas
Translations: spears, lances
Notes: This word appears to be a misspelling or variant of the Koine Greek word 'ζιβύνη' (zibynē), which refers to a spear or lance. In the provided context, it is used in a plural form, likely referring to multiple spears or lances that are to be repurposed.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΟΡΑΤΑ, ΛΟΓΧΑΙ
Etymology: The etymology of 'ζιβύνη' (zibynē) is uncertain, but it is thought to be a loanword, possibly from a non-Greek source.
G1159
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: dreh-PAH-nah
Translations: sickles, pruning hooks
Notes: This word refers to agricultural tools with a curved blade, typically used for cutting grain (a sickle) or pruning vines and branches (a pruning hook). It is used in contexts related to harvesting or preparing land.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OO
Translations: not, no
Notes: ΟΥ̓ is a negative particle used to express a factual negation. It typically negates verbs in the indicative mood, stating that something is not true or does not happen. It can also negate other parts of speech. When combined with ΜΉ (ou mē), it forms a very strong negation, meaning "by no means" or "never."
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ, ΟΥ̓Κ, ΟΥ̓ΧΊ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a fundamental negative particle in Greek.
G3361
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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb
Sounds like: MAY
Translations: not, lest, no, do not
Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.
G2983
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: LEEP-son-tai
Translations: they will take, they will receive, they will get, they will obtain
Notes: This word is a future tense form of the verb ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. It indicates an action that will happen in the future, specifically that a group of people ('they') will perform the action of taking or receiving something. It is commonly used in contexts where someone is acquiring or coming into possession of something.
Inflection: Third person, Plural, Future, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice
Synonyms: ΚΟΜΙΖΩ, ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ
G1484
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ETH-nos
Translations: nation, a nation, people, a people, Gentiles, a Gentile
Notes: This word refers to a nation, a people group, or a race. In the New Testament, it often refers specifically to the Gentiles, meaning non-Jewish people. It can be used to describe a large group of people united by common descent, culture, or language.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΛΑΟΣ, ΦΥΛΗ
Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to ἔθος (ethos, 'custom, habit'). It refers to a group of people sharing common customs or characteristics.
G1909
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: eh-PEE
Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to
Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.
G3162
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ma-KHA-ee-rahn
Translations: sword, a sword, dagger, a dagger
Notes: This word refers to a sword or a dagger, a short sword. It is commonly used to denote a weapon for cutting or thrusting, often associated with warfare, defense, or judgment. It can be used in contexts describing literal weapons or metaphorically for conflict or spiritual authority.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΞΙΦΟΣ, ΡΟΜΦΑΙΑ
G3129
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: mah-THOH-sin
Translations: they may learn, they might learn, they may understand, they might understand
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'μανθάνω' (manthano), meaning 'to learn' or 'to understand'. It is used to express a potential or desired action, often translated with 'may' or 'might'. It indicates that a group of people (they) are learning or coming to understand something.
Inflection: Aorist, Subjunctive, Active, Third Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ
G2089
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: eh-TEE
Translations: still, yet, further, more
Notes: This word is an adverb indicating continuation in time or degree. It can mean 'still' or 'yet' when referring to something that is ongoing or has not happened yet. It can also mean 'further' or 'more' when adding to something or indicating an additional quantity or action.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΕΤΙ, ἘΤΙΔΕ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *eti 'beyond, further'. It is related to Latin et 'and, also'.
G4170
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: po-le-MEIN
Translations: to make war, to fight, to contend
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to make war' or 'to fight'. It describes the act of engaging in conflict or battle. It can be used in contexts ranging from physical combat to spiritual or ideological struggles.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΜΑΧΕΣΘΑΙ, ΑΓΩΝΙΖΕΣΘΑΙ
G3754
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OH-tee
Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which
Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ
Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.
G1096
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: geh-GOH-neh
Translations: has become, has happened, was, came to pass, occurred
Notes: ΓΕΓΟΝΕ is a form of the verb γίνομαι, meaning 'to become,' 'to happen,' 'to come into being,' or 'to be.' This specific form indicates an action that has been completed in the past but has ongoing results or relevance in the present. It is often translated as 'has become' or 'has happened.'
Inflection: Perfect Active Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΠΟΙΕΩ
Etymology: The word γίνομαι comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to come into being' or 'to be born.' It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey notions of coming into existence or becoming.
G3982
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: peis-THEE-nai
Translations: to be persuaded, to be convinced, to obey, to trust, to yield
Notes: This word is the aorist passive infinitive form of the verb 'peithō'. It means 'to be persuaded' or 'to be convinced' by someone or something. It can also carry the sense of 'to obey' or 'to trust' in a passive sense, implying that one has been persuaded to do so. It is often used in contexts where someone is urged or compelled to believe or act in a certain way.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΠΙΣΤΕΥΩ, ΥΠΑΚΟΥΩ
G1410
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: doo-NAH-stheh
Translations: you are able, you can, you may, you all are able, you all can, you all may
Notes: This word means 'to be able', 'to have power', or 'to be strong enough'. It is often used in conjunction with an infinitive verb, indicating the ability or capacity to perform an action. For example, 'you are able to do something'. It can also imply permission or possibility.
Inflection: Second Person, Plural, Present Tense, Indicative Mood, Middle or Passive Voice
Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΩ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑΖΩ
Etymology: The word δύναμαι (dynamai) comes from the root δύνα- (dyna-), meaning 'power' or 'ability'. It is related to words like δύναμις (dynamis, 'power') and δυνατός (dynatos, 'powerful').
G0575
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: AH-po
Translations: from, away from, out of, off, (of), by, since, after
Notes: ἈΠΟ is a common Koine Greek preposition that primarily indicates separation, origin, or source. It is always used with the genitive case. It can mean 'from' or 'away from' a place or person, indicating movement away. It can also denote the cause or agent ('by'), or a temporal starting point ('since', 'after').
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἘΚ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is cognate with English 'off' and 'of'.
G0435
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: AN-dres
Translations: men
Notes: This word means 'men' and is the plural form of 'man'. It refers to adult male human beings. In Koine Greek, it is often used generally to refer to people, especially in a collective sense, or specifically to males.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΙ
G1177
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: DEK-ah-DYO
Translations: twelve
Notes: This word is a compound numeral meaning 'twelve'. It is formed from 'δέκα' (deka), meaning 'ten', and 'δύο' (duo), meaning 'two'. It is used to refer to the quantity of twelve of something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word is a compound of the Koine Greek words 'δέκα' (deka), meaning 'ten', and 'δύο' (duo), meaning 'two'. Both components are ancient Greek terms for their respective numbers.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: the
Notes: This word is the masculine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a particular masculine noun that is the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'he saw the man' or 'towards the God'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed to function as a marker of definiteness in Greek.
G0706
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: a-rith-MON
Translations: number, a number, sum, total
Notes: This word refers to a quantity or a count of things. It is used to denote a specific amount or a total sum, often appearing in contexts where enumeration or calculation is involved.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΠΛΗΘΟΣ, ΜΕΤΡΟΝ
G1831
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ex-EHL-thon
Translations: they went out, they came out, they departed, they went forth, they came forth
Notes: This word is the third person plural, aorist indicative active form of the verb "exerchomai," meaning "to go out" or "to come out." It describes an action of moving from an inside location to an outside one, or departing from a place. It can refer to people, animals, or even abstract concepts like spirits or words emerging.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΕΚΒΑΙΝΩ, ΕΚΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: The word ΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ (exerchomai) is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΕΚ (ek), meaning "out of" or "from," and the verb ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ (erchomai), meaning "to come" or "to go." Thus, its etymological meaning is literally "to come/go out from."
G2889
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KOS-mon
Translations: world, a world, universe, an universe, adornment, an adornment, order, an order
Notes: This word refers to the world, the universe, or the created order. It can also mean adornment, decoration, or arrangement. In the New Testament, it often refers to humanity or the sinful world system, but can also refer to the physical world. As an accusative noun, it typically functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΙΚΟΥΜΕΝΗ, ΑΙΩΝ
G3778
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: OO-toy
Translations: these, they
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they'. It is used to point out or refer to specific people or things that are nearby or have just been mentioned. It functions similarly to 'these ones' or 'these people' in English.
Inflection: Nominative, Masculine, Plural
G2399
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: Ee-dee-OH-tai
Translations: private citizens, common people, unlearned, unskilled
Notes: This word refers to ordinary people, those who are private citizens without public office, or individuals who are unlearned, unskilled, or uneducated in a particular field. It can describe someone who is a layman as opposed to an expert or official.
Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΛΑΪΚΟΙ, ΑΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΟΙ
G2980
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: lah-LEH-in
Translations: to speak, to talk, to say
Notes: This is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'λαλέω'. It means 'to speak' or 'to talk'. It is used to express the action of speaking in a general sense, often without specifying the content of the speech, or to indicate the ability to speak. It can be used in various contexts, such as speaking a language, speaking to someone, or simply making sounds.
Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΦΩΝΕΩ, ΕΡΩ
Etymology: From an onomatopoeic root, imitating the sound of babbling or chattering. It is related to the English word 'lullaby' and similar words in other languages that describe vocal sounds.
G1410
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Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective
Sounds like: doo-NAH-meh-noy
Translations: being able, able, powerful, mighty, capable
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'δύναμαι' (dynamai), meaning 'to be able' or 'to have power'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing someone or something that possesses the ability, power, or capability to do something. It can be used to describe individuals or groups who are strong, mighty, or competent.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΡΟΙ, ΚΡΑΤΟΥΝΤΕΣ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑΖΟΝΤΕΣ
G1223
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: dee-AH
Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THAY-oo
Translations: of God, of a God
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'ΘΕΟΣ' (theos), meaning 'God' or 'a god'. In Koine Greek, the genitive case often indicates possession, origin, or relationship, similar to the English 'of' or the possessive apostrophe 's'. Therefore, 'ΘΕΟΥ' typically translates to 'of God' or 'of a god', depending on the context. It can refer to the one true God or to a pagan deity.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
G1411
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: doo-NAH-meh-ohs
Translations: of power, of strength, of ability, of might, of a miracle
Notes: This word refers to inherent power, strength, or ability. It can also denote miraculous power or a mighty work. As a genitive form, it typically indicates possession, origin, or a relationship 'of' something, such as 'of power' or 'of strength'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΟΣ, ΚΡΑΤΟΥΣ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑΣ
G3377
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-MAY-nyoo-san
Translations: they announced, they declared, they made known, they reported, they disclosed
Notes: This word is a verb meaning to announce, declare, make known, report, or disclose. It is used to describe the act of revealing information, often something previously hidden or unknown, to others. It can be used in contexts where a message is delivered or a fact is brought to light.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΔΗΛΟΩ, ΦΑΝΕΡΟΩ
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-tee
Translations: (to) all, (to) every, (to) each
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all', 'every', or 'each'. It is used to describe a noun, indicating that the quality or action applies to the entirety of something or to every individual member of a group. In this dative singular form, it often translates to 'to all', 'to every', or 'to each', depending on the context of the noun it modifies.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G1085
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: GEH-nei
Translations: (to) a race, (to) a kind, (to) a family, (to) offspring, (to) a nation, in kind, in respect to kind
Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the noun 'ΓΕΝΟΣ'. It refers to a race, kind, family, or nation. In its dative form, it indicates the recipient or indirect object of an action, or it can denote the means, manner, or respect in which something is done, often translated with 'to' or 'in respect to'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΦΥΛΗ, ΕΘΝΟΣ, ΣΠΕΡΜΑ
G0444
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ahn-throh-POHN
Translations: (of) men, (of) people, (of) humankind
Notes: ἈΝΘΡΩΠΩΝ is the genitive plural form of the noun ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ, which means 'man', 'human being', or 'person'. This form is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship, translating to 'of men' or 'of people'. It refers to human beings in general, often distinguishing them from God or other creatures.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΒΡΟΤΟΣ, ΛΑΟΣ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek, likely a compound of ἀνήρ (anēr, 'man') and ὤψ (ōps, 'face, eye'), possibly meaning 'one who looks up' or 'one with a human face'.
G649
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-pes-TAH-lee-san
Translations: they were sent, they were dispatched
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'they were sent' or 'they were dispatched'. It is in the passive voice, indicating that the subjects of the verb received the action of being sent rather than performing it themselves. It describes an action that was completed in the past.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΠΕΜΠΩ, ΕΞΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ
G5259
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: hoo-POH
Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G5547
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: khri-STOO
Translations: of Christ, of the Anointed One, of the Messiah
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of 'ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ' (Christos), meaning 'Anointed One' or 'Messiah'. It refers to the one chosen and consecrated by God, particularly Jesus. As a genitive case, 'ΧΡΙΣΤΟΥ' indicates possession, origin, or relationship, often translated as 'of Christ' or 'belonging to Christ'. It can be used to describe something that pertains to Christ or is from Christ.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΜΕΣΣΙΑΣ, ΕΚΛΕΚΤΟΣ
G1321
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: di-DAX-ai
Translations: to teach, to instruct, to learn, to train
Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'διδάσκω'. It means 'to teach' or 'to instruct'. It is used to express the purpose or result of an action, often following verbs like 'said' or 'commanded', indicating that someone was told to teach or instruct.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΜΑΝΘΑΝΩ, ΠΑΙΔΕΥΩ, ΚΑΤΗΧΕΩ
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-tas
Translations: all, every, everyone, the whole
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all' or 'every'. It is used to indicate the totality of something or someone. In this form, it is used for masculine nouns in the accusative plural, meaning 'all (of them)' or 'everyone'. It can also be used substantively to refer to 'all people' or 'everyone'.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G3056
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: LOH-gon
Translations: word, a word, message, a message, account, an account, reason, a reason, saying, a saying
Notes: This word refers to a word, message, statement, or account. It can also denote reason, speech, or a divine utterance. In a sentence, it often functions as the direct object, indicating what is being spoken, heard, or discussed.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΡΗΜΑ, ΕΠΟΣ, ΜΥΘΟΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection
Sounds like: OY
Translations: the, who, they, oh
Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.
Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.
G3819
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: pa-LAI
Translations: long ago, of old, formerly, anciently
Notes: This word is an adverb of time, meaning 'long ago' or 'of old'. It is used to refer to events or states that occurred in the distant past. It can modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, indicating that the action or quality described happened or existed a considerable time before the present.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΝΩΘΕΝ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΝ
Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to spread, flat'. In Greek, it developed to refer to something that is 'old' or 'ancient', leading to its use as an adverb for 'long ago'.
G0240, G5407
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: al-lay-loh-FON-tai
Translations: they murder one another, they kill each other
Notes: This is a compound verb meaning 'to murder one another' or 'to kill each other'. It describes an action where individuals or groups mutually engage in killing. It is used in the present tense, indicating an ongoing or habitual action, and is in the middle or passive voice, suggesting that the subjects are acting upon themselves or experiencing the action.
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle or Passive, 3rd Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΑΛΛΗΛΟΚΤΟΝΟΥΣΙΝ, ΑΛΛΗΛΟΦΟΝΕΟΥΣΙΝ
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