Home / Interlinears (Beta) / Justin Martyr / First Apology of Justin Martyr / Chapter 62First Apology of Justin Martyr, Chapter 62
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G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G3067
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: LOO-tron
Translations: bath, a bath, washing, a washing, laver, a laver
Notes: This word refers to a bath or a washing, often implying the act of bathing or the place where one bathes. It can also refer to the water used for washing or the vessel (laver) in which washing takes place. In a metaphorical sense, it can refer to spiritual cleansing or regeneration.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΛΟΥΣΙΣ, ΝΙΨΙΣ
Etymology: From the verb λούω (louō), meaning 'to wash' or 'to bathe'.
G1211
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: DAY
Translations: now, indeed, then, already, certainly, truly, come, go to
Notes: This word is an indeclinable particle used to give emphasis, urgency, or to mark a transition in discourse. It can express a sense of 'now' or 'already', or it can be used to urge someone to action, similar to 'come on' or 'go to'. It often adds a sense of immediacy or certainty to a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΡΑ, ΓΕ, ΝΥΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to emphasize or urge.
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TOO-toh
Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that
Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.
G0191
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: ah-koo-SAN-tes
Translations: having heard, hearing, listening, having listened
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to hear'. It describes an action of hearing or listening that has already occurred or is ongoing, often functioning like an adjective or adverb in a sentence. It can indicate a cause or a preceding action.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΥΝΘΑΝΟΜΑΙ, ἘΠΑΚΟΥΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΧΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection
Sounds like: OY
Translations: the, who, they, oh
Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.
Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.
G1142
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: DAI-mo-nes
Translations: demons, divine beings, gods, deities
Notes: This word refers to divine beings or spirits. In classical Greek, it could refer to a deity, a divine power, or a lesser god, often with a neutral or even positive connotation. In the New Testament and later Koine usage, it primarily refers to evil spirits or demons, often associated with idolatry or opposing God. It is the plural form of the word.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Vocative, or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΝΕΥΜΑΤΑ, ΔΑΙΜΟΝΙΑ, ΘΕΟΙ
G1223
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: dee-AH
Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G4396
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pro-fay-TOO
Translations: of a prophet, of the prophet
Notes: This word refers to a prophet, someone who speaks for God or proclaims a divine message. It is used in the genitive case, indicating possession or origin, often translated as 'of a prophet' or 'belonging to a prophet'. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'the word of the prophet' or 'the book of the prophet'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΜΑΝΤΙΣ, ΧΡΗΣΜΟΛΟΓΟΣ
G2784
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Part of Speech: Participle, Verb, Adjective
Sounds like: keh-kay-ROOG-meh-non
Translations: proclaimed, preached, announced, published, a proclaimed thing, that which has been proclaimed
Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, neuter singular, which can function as an adjective or a noun. It describes something that has been proclaimed, preached, or announced, emphasizing the completed action and the state resulting from it. It can be used to refer to a message, a doctrine, or any information that has been publicly declared.
Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΕΥΑΓΓΕΛΙΖΩ, ΔΙΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΑΝΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ
Etymology: The word ΚΗΡΥΣΣΩ (kēryssō) comes from κῆρυξ (kēryx), meaning 'herald' or 'messenger'. It refers to the act of a herald making a public proclamation.
G1754
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: en-ER-gay-san
Translations: they worked, they operated, they performed, they were active, they effected
Notes: This word is the third person plural, aorist active indicative form of the verb 'energeō'. It describes an action that was completed in the past by a group of people or things. It means to be active, to work, to operate, to perform, or to effect something. It emphasizes the active exertion of power or influence.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΠΟΙΈΩ, ΠΡΆΣΣΩ, ΔΡΆΩ
G4472
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ran-TID-zane
Translations: to sprinkle, to purify by sprinkling, to cleanse by sprinkling
Notes: This verb means to sprinkle, often with water or blood, for the purpose of purification or cleansing. It can be used in contexts of ritual purification or ceremonial washing. For example, one might sprinkle water on someone or something to make it clean or holy.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΚΑΘΑΡΙΖΩ, ΑΓΝΙΖΩ
Etymology: From the Greek word ῥαντίζω (rhantizō), meaning 'to sprinkle'. It is related to ῥαίνω (rhainō), 'to sprinkle, to bedew'.
G1438
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-ow-TOOS
Translations: themselves
Notes: This word is a reflexive pronoun, meaning 'themselves'. It is used to refer back to the subject of the sentence or clause, indicating that the action is performed by the subject upon itself. For example, 'they save themselves'.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOOS
Translations: the, them, those
Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).
G1519
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EES
Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward
Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.
G2413, G2411
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: ee-eh-RAH
Translations: holy, sacred, a holy thing, sacred things, temple, a temple
Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'holy' or 'sacred'. When used as a noun, it typically refers to 'sacred things' or 'holy places', often specifically a 'temple' or 'sanctuary'. It describes anything set apart for divine use or associated with religious practices.
Inflection: Feminine, Nominative or Vocative or Accusative, Singular; or Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural
Synonyms: ΑΓΙΟΣ, ΟΣΙΟΣ
Etymology: The word ἱερά (hiera) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *ish₂ros, meaning 'sacred, powerful'. It is related to words signifying strength and divine power.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: of them, their, of themselves
Notes: This word is a pronoun indicating possession or relation, specifically for a group of people or things. It is used to mean 'of them' or 'their', often referring back to a previously mentioned plural noun or pronoun.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, All genders
G1910
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: eh-pee-BAH-ee-non-tas
Translations: entering, going upon, stepping on, embarking, mounting, ascending, setting foot on
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ἐπιβαίνω', meaning 'to step on, to go upon, to enter, to embark'. It describes an action of moving onto or into something. It is a compound word formed from 'ἐπί' (upon, on) and 'βαίνω' (to go, to step). It can be used to describe someone who is entering a place, mounting an animal, or embarking on a ship.
Inflection: Present, Active, Masculine, Accusative, Plural
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΒΑΙΝΩ, ΕΙΣΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ
G4334
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pros-ee-EH-nai
Translations: to approach, to come to, to go to, to come near, to allow to come, to permit to come
Notes: This word is the present active infinitive of the verb προσίημι (prosiēmi). It means to approach or come near to someone or something. It can also mean to allow or permit someone to come. It is often used in contexts where a person or thing moves towards another.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΑΡΕΙΜΙ
Etymology: The word προσίημι is a compound verb formed from the preposition πρός (pros), meaning "to, toward, with," and the verb ἵημι (hiēmi), meaning "to send, to throw, to put in motion." Thus, it literally means "to send oneself toward" or "to put oneself in motion toward."
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOYS
Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her
Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
G3195
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: MEL-lon-tas
Translations: about to, going to, intending, destined, future
Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb μέλλω, meaning 'to be about to' or 'to be going to'. It indicates an action that is imminent or intended to happen in the future. It can function adjectivally, describing someone or something that is about to do something, or substantively, referring to those who are about to do something.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Accusative, Plural
Synonyms: ΕΤΟΙΜΟΣ, ΠΡΟΚΕΙΜΑΙ, ΕΓΓΥΣ
G3047
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: loy-BAS
Translations: libation, a libation, drink offering, a drink offering
Notes: This word refers to a libation, which is a ritual pouring of a liquid, often wine or oil, as an offering to a deity or spirit. It was a common practice in ancient religious ceremonies to honor gods or commemorate the dead.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΠΟΝΔΗ
Etymology: The word derives from the Greek verb λείβω (leibō), meaning 'to pour, to make a libation'. It is related to the concept of pouring out liquids as an offering.
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: KNEE-sas
Translations: having scraped, having scratched, having irritated, having provoked
Notes: This word is the aorist active participle of the verb 'κνίζω' (knizō). It describes an action that has been completed in the past, specifically the act of scraping, scratching, or irritating. It can also refer to provoking or stinging. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb to describe someone or something that has performed this action.
Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular
Synonyms: ΞΥΩ, ΕΡΕΘΙΖΩ
Etymology: The verb 'κνίζω' (knizō) is thought to be onomatopoeic, imitating the sound of scratching or itching. It is related to words describing a sharp, irritating sensation.
G0658
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-po-teh-LOON-tas
Translations: completing, finishing, accomplishing, bringing to an end, performing
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'completing' or 'finishing'. It describes an action that is ongoing or in progress. It is often used to indicate the result or outcome of an action, or to describe someone who is in the process of bringing something to completion. It is a compound word formed from 'ἀπό' (apo, 'from, off') and 'τελέω' (teleō, 'to complete, finish').
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Accusative, Plural
Synonyms: ΤΕΛΕΩ, ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ
G5046
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb
Sounds like: TEH-leh-on
Translations: complete, perfect, finished, mature, fully, perfectly, completely
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'complete,' 'perfect,' or 'finished.' It can also function as an adverb meaning 'completely' or 'perfectly.' It describes something that has reached its intended end or goal, or someone who has reached full maturity or spiritual perfection. It is often used to emphasize the thoroughness or finality of an action or state.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative (as adjective); Adverbial form
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΚΛΗΡΟΣ, ΑΡΤΙΟΣ, ΠΛΗΡΗΣ
Etymology: From τέλος (telos), meaning 'end,' 'goal,' 'completion.' The adjective refers to something that has reached its end or is complete.
G1161
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: DEH
Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however
Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.
G3068
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: loo-EH-sthai
Translations: to wash, to bathe
Notes: This word is the present middle or passive infinitive form of the verb 'louō', meaning 'to wash' or 'to bathe'. It describes the action of washing oneself or being washed. It is often used to indicate the purpose or result of an action, similar to 'in order to wash' or 'for the purpose of bathing'.
Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΝΙΠΤΩ, ΠΛΥΝΩ
G1904
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: eh-pee-ON-tas
Translations: those coming upon, those approaching, those attacking
Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb ἔπειμι (epeimi), meaning 'to come upon' or 'to approach'. It often carries the connotation of hostile approach, such as 'attacking' or 'assailing'. In the provided context, it refers to 'those who are coming upon' or 'those who are attacking'.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Accusative, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΕΡΧΟΜΕΝΟΙ, ΠΡΟΣΒΑΛΛΟΝΤΕΣ
Etymology: The word ἔπειμι (epeimi) is a compound word formed from the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'to', and the verb εἶμι (eimi), meaning 'to go' or 'to come'.
G4250
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction
Sounds like: PRIN
Translations: before, sooner, until, ere
Notes: This word functions as an adverb or a conjunction, indicating a point in time prior to another event or action. As an adverb, it means 'before' or 'sooner'. As a conjunction, it means 'before' or 'until', often introducing a clause that describes an event that has not yet happened. It is frequently used with an infinitive or a subjunctive verb.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *per- (forward, through). It is related to the preposition πρό (pro, before).
G2064
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: el-THAYN
Translations: to come, to go, to arrive, to appear
Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. It is used to express the action of coming or going in a general sense, often indicating the purpose or result of another action. For example, it can be used in phrases like 'before coming' or 'in order to come'.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΗΚΩ, ΒΑΙΝΩ, ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ
G1909
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: eh-PEE
Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to
Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.
G1759
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: EN-tha
Translations: here, there, where
Notes: This word is an adverb of place, meaning 'here', 'there', or 'where'. It indicates a specific location or point in space. It can be used to refer to a place already mentioned or understood from context, or to introduce a clause describing a location.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ὯΔΕ, ἘΚΕΙ͂, ὍΠΟΥ
Etymology: From the preposition 'ἐν' (in) and the demonstrative particle '-θα' (indicating place).
G2476
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ih-DROO-n-tai
Translations: they have been established, they have been set, they have been founded, they have been placed
Notes: This word is the third person plural, perfect passive indicative form of the verb ἱδρύω (hidryō). It means to establish, set, or found something firmly in place. In this form, it indicates that a group of subjects has been established or set up by an external agent, and the action is completed with lasting results.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Perfect, Passive, Indicative
Synonyms: ΚΑΘΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΣΤΗΡΙΖΩ
Etymology: From the Greek word ἵδρυμα (hidryma), meaning 'foundation' or 'seat'. It is related to the root ἕδος (hedos), meaning 'seat' or 'dwelling'.
G1754
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: en-er-GOO-see
Translations: work, operate, effect, perform, be active
Notes: This verb means to be at work, to be active, to operate, or to effect something. It describes the active exertion of power or influence, often with a focus on the result or outcome of that activity. It can be used to describe both human and divine action.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΔΡΑΩ
Etymology: The word ἘΝΕΡΓΕΩ (energeō) is derived from the Greek words ἐν (en), meaning 'in' or 'within', and ἔργον (ergon), meaning 'work' or 'deed'. Thus, it literally means 'to be in work' or 'to be at work'.
G1063
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: gar
Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.
G5265
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: hoo-po-LOO-es-thai
Translations: to take off one's sandals, to unbind, to loose
Notes: This word is the present middle/passive infinitive form of the verb 'hypolyō'. It means to unbind or loose something from underneath, most commonly referring to taking off one's sandals or shoes. It describes the action of removing footwear.
Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive Voice, Infinitive
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toys
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: ΤΟΙΣ is the dative plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, but specifically indicates the indirect object or the recipient of an action, or location/instrument when used with a dative noun. It can be used with masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns in the plural.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into the definite article in Greek.
G2413
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: hee-eh-ROYS
Translations: holy, sacred, consecrated, a holy thing, sacred things
Notes: This word describes something as holy, sacred, or consecrated, often referring to places, objects, or persons dedicated to a deity or religious purpose. It can also refer to the temple or sacred precincts themselves. In the provided examples, it refers to 'sacred places' or 'holy vessels'.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΓΙΟΣ, ΟΣΙΟΣ
G2356
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: thrays-KEH-oo-on-tas
Translations: worshipping, serving, performing religious rites, observing religious ceremonies
Notes: This word describes the act of engaging in religious worship or service. It refers to the performance of religious duties or ceremonies, often implying a devout and reverent attitude towards a deity. It can be used to describe someone who is actively practicing their religion or fulfilling their religious obligations.
Inflection: Present, Active, Masculine, Accusative, Plural
Synonyms: ΛΑΤΡΕΥΟΝΤΑΣ, ΣΕΒΟΜΕΝΟΥΣ
G2753
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: keh-LEH-oo-sthai
Translations: to be commanded, to be ordered, to be urged, to be bidden
Notes: This is the present passive infinitive form of the verb ΚΕΛΕΥΩ. It means 'to be commanded' or 'to be ordered'. It indicates an action of being given a command or instruction by someone else. For example, one might say 'they desired to be commanded' or 'it is necessary to be ordered'.
Inflection: Present, Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΤΑΤΤΩ, ΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΤΩ
G5259
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: hoo-POH
Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G2407
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: ee-eh-rah-TEV-on-tohn
Translations: of those ministering as priests, of those officiating as priests, of those performing priestly duties
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ΙΕΡΑΤΕΥΩ', meaning 'to minister as a priest' or 'to perform priestly duties'. As a genitive plural participle, it describes the action of multiple individuals who are engaged in priestly service. It functions like a noun or adjective, indicating 'of those who are ministering as priests' or 'belonging to those who are performing priestly duties'.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Plural
Synonyms: ΛΕΙΤΟΥΡΓΕΩ, ΘΥΣΙΑΖΩ
Etymology: The word 'ΙΕΡΑΤΕΥΩ' comes from 'ἱερεύς' (hiereus), meaning 'priest', which itself is derived from 'ἱερός' (hieros), meaning 'sacred' or 'holy'. Thus, it signifies the act of performing sacred duties as a priest.
G1537
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EK
Translations: out of, from, of
Notes: ἘΚ is a preposition meaning 'out of' or 'from,' indicating origin, source, or separation. It always governs the genitive case, meaning the noun or pronoun following it will be in the genitive form. It can also be used to express the cause or means by which something occurs.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἈΠΌ
Etymology: From a primary preposition, meaning 'out of' or 'from'. It is a fundamental word in Greek, indicating separation or origin.
G4846
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: soom-BAN-tone
Translations: of things that happened, of things that occurred, of events, of incidents
Notes: This word is a compound participle, meaning 'of things that happened' or 'of events that occurred'. It is formed from the preposition σύν (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb βαίνω (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to step'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or noun, describing something that has taken place. It is often used to refer to past events or circumstances.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Genitive, Neuter, Plural
Synonyms: ΓΙΝΟΜΕΝΩΝ, ΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΩΝ, ΠΡΑΧΘΕΝΤΩΝ
G3475
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: moy-SEE
Translations: (to) Moses
Notes: This is the name of the famous biblical figure Moses, who led the Israelites out of Egypt. In this form, it is in the dative case, indicating that Moses is the indirect object of a verb, meaning something is given 'to' or done 'for' Moses.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TOH
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the
Notes: ΤΩ is the dative singular form of the definite article 'the'. It indicates the indirect object of a verb or the means/instrument by which an action is performed. It can also be used to indicate location or association, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', 'by', 'with', or 'in'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
G2046
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Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective
Sounds like: ee-RAY-meh-noh
Translations: spoken, said, mentioned, aforesaid, a spoken thing, a said thing
Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been spoken' or 'having been said'. It often functions as an adjective, referring to something that has already been mentioned or stated, hence 'aforesaid' or 'the aforementioned'. It can also be used substantively, meaning 'that which has been said' or 'a saying'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΛΕΛΑΛΗΜΕΝΩ, ΕἸΠΟΝΤΙ
G4396
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pro-FEE-tay
Translations: prophet, a prophet
Notes: This word refers to a prophet, someone who speaks for God or interprets His will. It is often used to describe individuals who deliver divine messages or foretell future events. In a sentence, it would typically function as a subject or object, as in 'the prophet spoke' or 'they listened to the prophet'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΜΑΝΤΙΣ, ΧΡΗΣΜΟΛΟΓΟΣ
G3129
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: mah-THON-tes
Translations: having learned, learning, those who learned, when they learned
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to learn' or 'to understand'. As a participle, it describes an action that has been completed or is ongoing, often functioning like an adjective or an adverbial clause. It can indicate a prior action (having learned) or a concurrent action (while learning), depending on context. It often implies the result or consequence of the learning.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΓΝΟΝΤΕΣ, ΕΙΔΟΤΕΣ
G3401
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-mee-MEE-sahn-toh
Translations: they imitated, they copied, they mimicked
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to imitate,' 'to copy,' or 'to mimic.' It describes the act of following an example or reproducing an action or behavior. It is used to indicate that a group of people performed this action in the past.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle Voice, 3rd Person, Plural
Synonyms: ἈΠΟΜΙΜΕΟΜΑΙ, ΜΙΜΕΥΩ
G2596
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Part of Speech: Prefix, Preposition
Sounds like: KAT
Translations: down, against, according to, throughout, during
Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down', 'against', 'according to', 'throughout', or 'during'. It is frequently used as a prefix in compound verbs and nouns, indicating a downward motion, completion, intensity, or opposition. For example, in 'κατέβη' (katebē), it means 'went down', and in 'καταπιεῖν' (katapiein), it means 'to swallow down'. The final alpha (α) is often dropped when the next word or part of the compound begins with a vowel, or when it's followed by certain consonants.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix); functions as a preposition that takes the genitive or accusative case.
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmt- 'down, with, against'. It is a common Greek preposition that has been used since ancient times.
G1565
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: eh-KAY-noh
Translations: that, that one, that thing, the former
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'that' or 'that one'. It refers to something distant in space or time, or something previously mentioned in the discourse. It functions similarly to 'this' but indicates a greater distance or a distinction from something closer or more immediate. For example, it can be used to distinguish 'that house' from 'this house'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΣ, ΟΔΕ
Etymology: From a combination of the demonstrative particle ἐκεῖ (there) and the pronominal suffix -νος. It refers to something 'over there' or 'that one there'.
G2540
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kahee-ROO
Translations: of time, of a season, of the right time, of an opportune time, of a period
Notes: This word refers to a specific, opportune, or appointed time, a season, or a period. It emphasizes the quality or nature of a moment rather than its chronological duration. It is often used to denote a critical or decisive moment, or a suitable occasion for something to happen. As a genitive form, it typically indicates possession or relationship, often translated with 'of'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΧΡΟΝΟΥ, ΩΡΑΣ
G3753
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OH-teh
Translations: when, whenever, at which time
Notes: This word functions as a temporal adverb or conjunction, indicating a point or period in time. It is used to introduce a clause that specifies when an action occurs or occurred, similar to 'when' or 'whenever' in English. It can refer to a specific past event or a general, recurring condition.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΗΝΙΚΑ, ΟΠΟΤΕ
Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun 'ho' (the) and the particle 'te' (then, at that time). It originally meant 'at that time when'.
G3475
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: moy-SEES
Translations: Moses
Notes: This is the name of Moses, the great prophet and lawgiver of ancient Israel. In the Bible, he is known for leading the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt and for receiving the Ten Commandments from God on Mount Sinai. It is used as a direct subject in sentences, referring to the person.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Etymology: From Hebrew מֹשֶׁה (Moshe), possibly meaning "drawn out" (from water).
G2753
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-keh-LEF-sthee
Translations: he was commanded, she was commanded, it was commanded, he was ordered, she was ordered, it was ordered, he was urged, she was urged, it was urged
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to command,' 'to order,' or 'to urge.' It is used to indicate that someone or something received an order or instruction. In this specific form, it is in the aorist passive indicative, meaning the action of being commanded happened in the past and the subject received the action.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Passive, Indicative
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΤΑΤΤΩ, ΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΤΩ
Etymology: The word ΚΕΛΕΥΩ is of uncertain origin, possibly related to κέλλω (kello, 'to drive, to urge').
G2718
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: kah-tel-THOHN
Translations: having come down, having gone down, descending, going down, coming down
Notes: This word is the aorist active participle of the verb 'κατέρχομαι' (katerchomai), meaning 'to come down' or 'to go down'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. It often indicates movement from a higher to a lower place, such as descending from a mountain, coming down from a city, or returning from a journey. It can be used to describe someone who has arrived at a destination after traveling downwards.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΒΑΙΝΩ, ΚΑΤΙΩΝ
Etymology: The verb 'κατέρχομαι' (katerchomai) is a compound word formed from the preposition 'κατά' (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. Thus, it literally means 'to come down' or 'to go down'.
G125
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: AI-gyp-TON
Translations: Egypt
Notes: This is a proper noun referring to the country of Egypt. In the provided examples, it is used as the object of a verb or preposition, indicating a destination or location.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
G1806
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eks-ah-gah-GAYN
Translations: to lead out, to bring out, to take out, to draw out, to go out
Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'ἐκ' (out of) and the verb 'ἄγω' (to lead). It means to lead, bring, or take something or someone out from a place or state. It is often used in contexts of physical movement, such as leading people out of a city, or bringing objects out of a house. It can also be used metaphorically, such as bringing forth a result or revealing something.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΓΩ, ΕΚΦΕΡΩ, ΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: the
Notes: This word is the masculine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a particular masculine noun that is the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'he saw the man' or 'towards the God'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed to function as a marker of definiteness in Greek.
G1563
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: eh-KAY
Translations: there, in that place
Notes: This word is an adverb of place, meaning 'there' or 'in that place'. It is used to indicate a specific location that has been previously mentioned or is understood from the context. It can describe where an action takes place or where something is situated.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἘΝΘΑ, ΑΥ̓ΤΟΥ͂
Etymology: From the demonstrative stem *eke- (that, there).
G2992
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: LAH-on
Translations: people, a people, nation, a nation, multitude, a multitude
Notes: This word refers to a group of people, a nation, or a multitude. It is a masculine noun and is often used to describe the general populace or a specific ethnic group. In the given form, it is used as the direct object of a verb.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΘΝΟΣ, ΟΧΛΟΣ, ΠΛΗΘΟΣ
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