Home / Interlinears (Beta) / Justin Martyr / First Apology of Justin Martyr / Chapter 49First Apology of Justin Martyr, Chapter 49
Interlinear version from Justin Martyr (Beta)
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G3825
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: PAH-lin
Translations: again, back, anew, once more, on the other hand, moreover, in turn
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'again' or 'back'. It is used to indicate a repetition of an action or a return to a previous state or place. It can also be used to introduce a contrasting idea, similar to 'on the other hand' or 'moreover'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΥΘΙΣ, ΕΤΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kwel- (to turn, revolve). It refers to a turning back or repetition.
G4459
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction
Sounds like: POHS
Translations: how, in what way, by what means, that, in order that
Notes: ΠΩΣ is an adverb used to inquire about the manner or means by which something occurs, translating to "how" or "in what way." It can introduce direct or indirect questions. It can also function as a conjunction, meaning "that" or "in order that," especially when expressing purpose or result.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative and interrogative pronominal stems.
G1223
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral
Sounds like: DEE
Translations: through, by means of, on account of, because of, 14
Notes: This word is most commonly an elided form of the preposition ΔΙΑ (dia), meaning 'through', 'by means of', 'on account of', or 'because of'. It is used to indicate the means by which something is done or the reason for an action. It can also represent the Greek numeral 14, indicated by a keraia (a mark similar to an apostrophe) which is often omitted in transcription.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or numeral)
Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΥΠΟ, ΕΝΕΚΕΝ
Etymology: The preposition ΔΙΑ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'through' or 'apart'.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOO
Translations: (of) him, his, (of) it, its
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun. In this genitive singular form, it typically means 'of him,' 'his,' 'of it,' or 'its,' indicating possession or origin. It can refer to a male person or a neuter object/concept.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ (autos) is of uncertain origin, possibly from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'self'. It is an ancient Greek word that has been in continuous use.
G2491
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: hay-SAH-ee-oo
Translations: of Isaiah
Notes: This is the genitive form of the proper noun 'Isaiah', referring to the Old Testament prophet or the book bearing his name. It is used to indicate possession or origin, such as 'the book of Isaiah' or 'the prophecy of Isaiah'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Etymology: From Hebrew Yesha'yahu (יְשַׁעְיָהוּ), meaning 'Yahweh is salvation'.
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: leh-LEK-tai
Translations: it has been said, it has been spoken, it has been told
Notes: This word is the third person singular perfect passive indicative form of the verb 'λέγω' (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It indicates an action that was completed in the past and has ongoing results in the present. It is often used impersonally, meaning 'it has been said' or 'it has been spoken', referring to something that has already been stated or established.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Perfect, Passive, Indicative
Synonyms: ΕΙΡΗΤΑΙ, ΛΕΛΑΛΗΤΑΙ
Etymology: The verb 'λέγω' (legō) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to collect, gather, pick out', which evolved in Greek to mean 'to speak' or 'to say', perhaps from the idea of 'picking out words'.
G3754
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OH-tee
Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which
Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ
Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection
Sounds like: OY
Translations: the, who, they, oh
Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.
Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OO
Translations: not, no
Notes: ΟΥ̓ is a negative particle used to express a factual negation. It typically negates verbs in the indicative mood, stating that something is not true or does not happen. It can also negate other parts of speech. When combined with ΜΉ (ou mē), it forms a very strong negation, meaning "by no means" or "never."
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ, ΟΥ̓Κ, ΟΥ̓ΧΊ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a fundamental negative particle in Greek.
G4328
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: pros-doh-kay-SAN-tes
Translations: those who expected, those who waited, those who looked for, those who anticipated
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'προσδοκάω' (prosdokao), meaning 'to expect,' 'to wait for,' or 'to look for.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, describing someone who was in the act of expecting or waiting. In this form, it refers to 'those who expected' or 'those who waited.'
Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΕΚΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΣΜΕΝΩ, ΑΠΕΚΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: him, it, himself, itself
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun, typically meaning 'him' or 'it' when used as a personal pronoun. It can also be used intensively to mean 'himself' or 'itself', emphasizing the subject or object. It refers to a previously mentioned male person or a neuter object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter
G2992
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: lah-OY
Translations: peoples, a people, nations, a nation
Notes: This word refers to a people, nation, or a multitude of individuals. It is often used in the plural to denote various peoples or nations. In a religious context, it can refer to God's chosen people or to the Gentiles.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΘΝΗ, ΔΗΜΟΣ, ΠΛΗΘΟΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G1484
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ETH-nohn
Translations: of nations, of Gentiles, of peoples, of the nations, of the Gentiles, of the peoples
Notes: This word refers to a nation, a people, or a group of people, often specifically used in the New Testament to refer to non-Jewish people, i.e., the Gentiles. It is used here in the genitive plural, indicating possession or origin, often translated as 'of nations' or 'of Gentiles'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΛΑΟΣ, ΦΥΛΗ
G4352
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pros-koo-nay-SOO-sin
Translations: they will worship, they will bow down, they will prostrate themselves, they will do obeisance
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to worship,' 'to bow down,' or 'to prostrate oneself.' It describes an act of reverence, homage, or adoration, often involving bowing or kneeling before someone or something. It can be used to describe worship of God, but also bowing before a king, a person of authority, or even an idol.
Inflection: Future, Indicative, Active, Third Person Plural
Synonyms: ΛΑΤΡΕΥΩ, ΣΕΒΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΣΠΙΠΤΩ
Etymology: The word προσκυνέω is a compound word formed from πρός (pros), meaning 'towards' or 'facing,' and κυνέω (kyneō), meaning 'to kiss.' The original sense was to kiss the ground or the hand of a superior, evolving to mean 'to bow down' or 'to worship.'
G1161
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: DEH
Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however
Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.
G0104
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: ah-EH-ee
Translations: always, ever, continually, at all times
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'always' or 'ever'. It indicates something that happens without interruption, continuously, or at all times. It can be used to describe an action or state that is perpetual or ongoing.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΑΝΤΟΤΕ, ΔΙΑΠΑΝΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word 'ἈΕΙ' comes from an ancient root meaning 'ever' or 'always'. It is related to words indicating duration or perpetuity.
G4328
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: pros-doh-KOHN-tes
Translations: expecting, waiting for, looking for, anticipating
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'expecting' or 'waiting for'. It describes someone who is actively anticipating something or someone. It is often used to indicate a state of hopeful or anxious expectation, and can be used to describe people who are looking forward to a future event or the arrival of a person.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΜΕΝΟΝΤΕΣ, ΠΡΟΣΔΕΧΟΜΕΝΟΙ, ΑΠΕΚΔΕΧΟΜΕΝΟΙ
G2453
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ee-oo-DAH-ee-oy
Translations: Jews, the Jews
Notes: This word refers to the Jewish people, the inhabitants of Judea, or those who are ethnically or religiously Jewish. It is often used in the New Testament to distinguish the Jewish people from Gentiles (non-Jews).
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΒΡΑΙΟΙ, ΙΣΡΑΗΛΙΤΑΙ
Etymology: The word originates from the Hebrew word 'Yehudi' (יהודי), meaning 'of Judah' or 'from the land of Judah'. It refers to the descendants of Judah, one of the twelve sons of Jacob, and later to the inhabitants of the kingdom of Judah.
G0050
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ag-no-EE-soo-see
Translations: they will not know, they will be ignorant, they will misunderstand
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to be ignorant of', 'not to know', or 'to misunderstand'. It is a compound word formed from the negative prefix 'α-' (alpha privative, meaning 'not' or 'without') and 'γνοέω' (to know, perceive). It describes a state of lacking knowledge or understanding about something, or failing to recognize it. In this form, it indicates an action that will happen in the future.
Inflection: Future, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΑΓΝΩΣΚΩ, ΑΠΕΙΘΕΩ
Etymology: The word ἈΓΝΟΕΩ is formed from the negative prefix 'α-' (alpha privative) and the verb 'γνοέω', which means 'to know' or 'to perceive'. The root 'γνο-' is related to the English word 'know' and comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to know'.
G3854
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: pa-ra-geh-NO-meh-non
Translations: having come, having arrived, having appeared, a thing having come, that which has come
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'παραγίνομαι', meaning 'to come alongside, to arrive, or to be present'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is completed, functioning like an adjective or adverb in a sentence. In this form, it refers to something that has come or arrived.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΗΚΩ, ΦΘΑΝΩ
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-LEKH-thay-san
Translations: they were said, they were spoken, they were told
Notes: This is a verb form meaning 'they were said' or 'they were spoken'. It describes an action that happened in the past and was completed, where the subjects of the verb are the recipients of the action (they were the ones being spoken about or to). It is often used to introduce direct or indirect speech, or to state that something was declared or commanded.
Inflection: Third Person Plural, Aorist, Indicative, Passive
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΦΗΜΙ
G3056
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: LOH-goy
Translations: words, sayings, accounts, reasons, messages, teachings
Notes: This word refers to spoken or written words, utterances, or statements. It can also denote a message, a divine revelation, an account, or a reason. In a broader sense, it can refer to a discourse, a narrative, or a teaching. It is used to describe both human speech and divine communication.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΡΗΜΑΤΑ, ΕΠΗ
G5613
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition
Sounds like: OHS
Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that
Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.
G0575
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: AH-po
Translations: from, away from, out of, off, (of), by, since, after
Notes: ἈΠΟ is a common Koine Greek preposition that primarily indicates separation, origin, or source. It is always used with the genitive case. It can mean 'from' or 'away from' a place or person, indicating movement away. It can also denote the cause or agent ('by'), or a temporal starting point ('since', 'after').
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἘΚ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is cognate with English 'off' and 'of'.
G4383
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pro-SO-poo
Translations: of face, of countenance, of presence, of person, of a face, of a countenance, of a presence, of a person
Notes: This word refers primarily to the 'face' or 'countenance' of a person or thing. It can also denote 'presence' or 'appearance'. In a broader sense, it can refer to the 'person' or 'individual' themselves. It is often used in phrases like 'from the face of' or 'before the face of' to mean 'from the presence of' or 'before the presence of'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΨΙΣ, ΕΙΔΟΣ, ΜΟΡΦΗ
Etymology: The word 'ΠΡΟΣΩΠΟΝ' is derived from the Greek preposition 'πρός' (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and 'ὤψ' (ōps), meaning 'eye' or 'face'. It literally means 'that which is before the eyes' or 'that which is turned towards'.
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G5547
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: khri-STOO
Translations: of Christ, of the Anointed One, of the Messiah
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of 'ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ' (Christos), meaning 'Anointed One' or 'Messiah'. It refers to the one chosen and consecrated by God, particularly Jesus. As a genitive case, 'ΧΡΙΣΤΟΥ' indicates possession, origin, or relationship, often translated as 'of Christ' or 'belonging to Christ'. It can be used to describe something that pertains to Christ or is from Christ.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΜΕΣΣΙΑΣ, ΕΚΛΕΚΤΟΣ
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EYE-see
Translations: they are
Notes: This word is the third person plural present indicative form of the verb 'to be'. It is used to state existence or to link a subject to a predicate, indicating what the subject is or what quality it possesses. For example, 'they are good' or 'they are people'.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Present, Indicative
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΟΥΣΙΝ, ΓΙΝΟΝΤΑΙ
G3778
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: OO-toy
Translations: these, they
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they'. It is used to point out or refer to specific people or things that are nearby or have just been mentioned. It functions similarly to 'these ones' or 'these people' in English.
Inflection: Nominative, Masculine, Plural
G1717
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: em-fah-NES
Translations: manifest, visible, apparent, evident, a manifest one, a visible one
Notes: This word describes something that is clearly seen or understood, something that is made plain or obvious. It refers to that which is brought into the light and made known, often implying a revelation or a clear demonstration. It can be used to describe a person or a thing that becomes visible or apparent.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine; or Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΦΑΝΕΡΟΣ, ΔΗΛΟΣ, ΠΡΟΔΗΛΟΣ
Etymology: The word ἘΜΦΑΝΗΣ comes from the prefix ἐν (en), meaning 'in' or 'among', and the verb φαίνω (phainō), meaning 'to shine' or 'to appear'. Thus, it literally means 'shining in' or 'appearing in', leading to the sense of being manifest or visible.
G1096
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-geh-NEE-theen
Translations: I became, I was born, I came to be, I happened, I was made
Notes: This verb means 'to become,' 'to be born,' 'to come into existence,' or 'to happen.' It describes a transition from one state to another, or an event coming into being. It can also mean 'to be made' or 'to be produced.'
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 1st Person Singular
Synonyms: ΓΕΝΝΑΩ, ΓΙΓΝΟΜΑΙ, ΕΙΜΙ
Etymology: The word ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to be born' or 'to come into being.' It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey similar concepts of origin or becoming.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toys
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: ΤΟΙΣ is the dative plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, but specifically indicates the indirect object or the recipient of an action, or location/instrument when used with a dative noun. It can be used with masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns in the plural.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into the definite article in Greek.
G1691
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-MEH
Translations: me
Notes: This word is the accusative singular form of the first-person pronoun, meaning 'me'. It is used as the direct object of a verb or after certain prepositions that take the accusative case, indicating the recipient of an action or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, First Person
G3361
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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb
Sounds like: MAY
Translations: not, lest, no, do not
Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.
G1905
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-peh-roh-TOH-sin
Translations: asking, questioning, inquiring, seeking, demanding, consulting
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'asking' or 'questioning'. It is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'ἐπί' (upon, to) and the verb 'ἐρωτάω' (to ask, question). It describes the action of someone who is in the process of asking or inquiring about something, often with a sense of seeking information or making a demand.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Dative, Plural
Synonyms: ΑἸΤΈΩ, ΖΗΤΈΩ
G2147
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: yoo-REH-thayn
Translations: I was found, I have been found
Notes: This is the first person singular, aorist indicative passive form of the verb 'εὑρίσκω' (heuriskō), which means 'to find'. Therefore, 'εὑρέθην' translates to 'I was found' or 'I have been found'. It describes an action that happened in the past and was completed, where the subject was the recipient of the action of being found.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Passive
G2212
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: zay-TOO-sin
Translations: they seek, they are seeking, they look for, they demand
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to seek,' 'to look for,' 'to search for,' or 'to demand.' It describes the action of actively trying to find something or someone, or to require something. It is often used in contexts of inquiry, investigation, or pursuit.
Inflection: 3rd Person, Plural, Present, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΖΗΤΕΩ, ΑΝΑΖΗΤΕΩ, ΕΚΖΗΤΕΩ
G2036
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EYE-pon
Translations: I said, I spoke, he said, he spoke, they said, they spoke, to say, to speak
Notes: ΕἸΠΟΝ is an aorist form of the verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is often used as the aorist tense of the verb λέγω (legō). It describes an action that occurred in the past, without specifying its duration or completion. It can be translated as 'I said', 'he said', or 'they said' depending on the context and the implied subject, as the form itself is ambiguous regarding person and number (it can be 1st singular, 3rd singular, or 3rd plural). It is commonly used to introduce direct or indirect speech.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular or 3rd Person Singular or 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΦΗΜΙ, ΛΑΛΕΩ
G2400
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Part of Speech: Interjection, Adverb
Sounds like: ee-DOO
Translations: Behold, Look, See, Lo
Notes: ἸΔΟΥ is an interjection used to draw attention to something, often introducing a new or significant statement. It functions similarly to 'Behold!' or 'Look!' in English, signaling that what follows is important or noteworthy. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'here' or 'there'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἸΔΕ
Etymology: From the aorist imperative of the verb ὉΡΑΩ (HORAO), meaning 'to see'.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ee-MEE
Translations: I am, to be, exist, happen
Notes: This is the Koine Greek verb 'to be', 'to exist', or 'to happen'. It is a fundamental and highly irregular verb, often used as a copula (a linking verb) to connect the subject of a sentence to a predicate noun or adjective, indicating identity or a state of being. It can also indicate existence or occurrence. For example, 'Ἐγὼ εἰμι' translates to 'I am'.
Inflection: First person singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: This verb is one of the oldest and most fundamental verbs in the Greek language, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages.
G1484
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ETH-nay
Translations: (to) nation, (to) people, (to) Gentiles, (to) a nation, (to) a people
Notes: This word refers to a nation, a people group, or a race. In the New Testament, it often refers specifically to the Gentiles, meaning non-Jewish people. It is used here in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΛΑΟΣ, ΓΕΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word ἔθνος (ethnos) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'custom, habit'. It refers to a group of people living together, sharing common customs or characteristics, and thus forming a nation or people.
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OOK
Translations: not, no
Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.
G2564
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-KAH-leh-san
Translations: they called, they named, they invited
Notes: This word means 'they called' or 'they named'. It is the third person plural aorist indicative active form of the verb 'kaleō', meaning 'to call' or 'to invite'. It describes an action that happened in the past, completed at a specific point in time. For example, it can be used when a group of people called someone by name or invited them to an event.
Inflection: Third Person Plural, Aorist Indicative, Active Voice
Synonyms: ὈΝΟΜΑΖΩ, ΠΡΟΣΦΩΝΕΩ, ΚΕΛΕΥΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G3686
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: O-no-MA
Translations: name, a name, reputation, character, authority
Notes: This word refers to a name, whether of a person, place, or thing. It can also signify one's reputation, character, or even authority, as a name often represents the person or entity itself. It is commonly used in phrases like 'in the name of' to denote authority or representation.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Genitive; Neuter
Synonyms: ΚΛΕΟΣ, ΦΗΜΗ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥. It is cognate with Latin nōmen and English name.
G1700
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: moo
Translations: of me, my, mine
Notes: ΜΟΥ is the genitive singular form of the first-person personal pronoun, meaning "of me," "my," or "mine." It indicates possession or origin, similar to how "my" or "mine" is used in English. It can be used with nouns to show ownership (e.g., "my house") or with verbs to indicate the source or object of an action (e.g., "he heard of me").
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Common Gender
G1600
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eks-eh-peh-TAH-sah
Translations: I spread out, I unfolded, I stretched out, I extended
Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'ἐκ' (out of, from) and the verb 'πετάννυμι' (to spread, to open). It means to spread out, unfold, or stretch out something, often with the implication of extending it fully or widely. It can be used for spreading out objects like books or curtains, or for extending one's hands or wings.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular
Synonyms: ΑΝΟΙΓΩ, ΔΙΑΠΕΤΑΝΝΥΜΙ, ΕΚΤΕΙΝΩ
Etymology: The word ἐκπετάννυμι is formed from the prefix ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out' or 'from', and the verb πετάννυμι (petannymi), meaning 'to spread' or 'to open'. The root of πετάννυμι is related to the idea of spreading or expanding.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAS
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑΣ is the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a particular noun, similar to 'the' in English. This specific form is used when the noun it modifies is feminine, plural, and in the accusative case, indicating the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Feminine, Plural, Accusative
G5495
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHEI-ras
Translations: hands
Notes: This word refers to hands, the physical appendages at the end of the arm. It is used in various contexts, often literally for actions involving the hands, but also metaphorically to signify power, control, or agency. For example, something might be 'in the hands of' someone, meaning under their control.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine
G1909
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: eh-PEE
Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to
Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.
G2992
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: LAH-on
Translations: people, a people, nation, a nation, multitude, a multitude
Notes: This word refers to a group of people, a nation, or a multitude. It is a masculine noun and is often used to describe the general populace or a specific ethnic group. In the given form, it is used as the direct object of a verb.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΘΝΟΣ, ΟΧΛΟΣ, ΠΛΗΘΟΣ
G0543
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ah-pay-THOO-nah
Translations: disobedient, unbelieving, rebellious, unpersuaded, those who disobey, those who are disobedient
Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'ἀπειθέω' (apeitheō), meaning 'to disobey' or 'to be disobedient'. It describes someone who is actively in a state of disobedience or unbelief. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or substantively, acting as a noun itself, referring to 'those who are disobedient' or 'the disobedient ones'.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ἈΠΙΣΤΟΣ, ἈΝΥΠΟΤΑΚΤΟΣ
G0483
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: an-tee-LEH-gon-tah
Translations: contradicting, gainsaying, speaking against, resisting, those who contradict, those who gainsay
Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'ἀντιλέγω' (antilegō), meaning 'to speak against' or 'to contradict'. It is a compound word formed from 'ἀντί' (anti), meaning 'against' or 'opposite', and 'λέγω' (legō), meaning 'to speak' or 'to say'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone or something that is in the act of contradicting or gainsaying. It can be used to describe people who are disobedient or rebellious.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ἈΠΕΙΘΟΥΝΤΑ, ἈΝΘΙΣΤΑΜΕΝΟΥΣ
Etymology: The word ἀντιλέγω (antilegō) is a compound of ἀντί (anti), meaning 'against' or 'opposite', and λέγω (legō), meaning 'to speak' or 'to say'. It has been in use since ancient Greek times, signifying opposition in speech.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOOS
Translations: the, them, those
Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).
G4198
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: por-yoo-MEH-noos
Translations: going, traveling, proceeding, walking, a going, a traveling, a proceeding, a walking
Notes: This word is a present participle, meaning 'going' or 'traveling'. It describes an action that is currently happening or ongoing. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, but it retains verbal characteristics, such as tense and voice. It is often used to describe someone who is in the process of moving from one place to another.
Inflection: Participle, Present, Middle/Passive, Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΒΑΙΝΩ, ΟΔΕΥΩ
Etymology: The word πορεύομαι (poreuomai) is derived from πόρος (poros), meaning 'a way, a passage, a ford'. It signifies the act of making one's way or passing through.
G1722
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: en
Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).
Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.
G3598
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: oh-DOH
Translations: to a way, to a road, to a journey, to a path, to a course, to a manner, to a way of life, to a custom, to a means, to a method, to a direction, to a journey, to a travel, to a passage, to a street, to a highway, to a route, to a track, to a trail
Notes: This word refers to a way, road, or path, and can also metaphorically mean a journey, course of action, or manner of life. It is used to indicate movement along a physical route or to describe a particular custom or method. In this dative form, it often indicates the recipient or direction of an action, or the means by which something is done.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΤΡΙΒΟΣ, ΚΕΛΕΥΘΟΣ, ΠΟΡΕΙΑ
G2570
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ka-LEE
Translations: good, beautiful, noble, excellent, a good one, a beautiful one
Notes: This word describes something as good, beautiful, noble, or excellent in quality, appearance, or character. It can refer to something that is morally upright, aesthetically pleasing, or functionally effective. It is often used to commend or praise.
Inflection: Feminine, Singular, Nominative or Vocative
Synonyms: ΑΓΑΘΗ, ΩΡΑΙΑ, ΕΥΓΕΝΗΣ
G0243
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Part of Speech: Prefix
Sounds like: ALL
Translations: other, another, different, foreign
Notes: This is a prefix form of the word 'ἄλλος' (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to form compound words that convey the idea of something being different, foreign, or belonging to another group. For example, 'ἀλλογενῶν' means 'of other races', 'ἀλλότριοι' means 'strangers' or 'foreigners', and 'ἀλλόφυλους' means 'foreigners' or 'of another tribe'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix)
Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.
G3694
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition
Sounds like: O-PI-so
Translations: behind, after, back, backward, afterwards
Notes: This word functions as an adverb meaning 'behind' or 'backwards', indicating direction or position. It can also be used as a preposition, typically with the genitive case, to mean 'behind' or 'after' in terms of place or time. For example, it can refer to following someone or something, or to events that occur later.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΠΙΣΘΕΝ, ΚΑΤΟΠΙΣΘΕΝ
Etymology: This word is derived from the Greek root *ὀπίς (opis), meaning 'back' or 'behind'.
G266
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: hah-mar-tee-OHN
Translations: of sins, of a sin
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the noun "ΑΜΑΡΤΙΑ" (hamartia), which means "sin" or "missing the mark." It refers to actions, thoughts, or states that fall short of God's standard or will. As a genitive plural, it indicates possession, origin, or relation, often translated as "of sins" or "concerning sins." It is frequently used in contexts discussing forgiveness, repentance, or the consequences of wrongdoing.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΝΟΜΙΑ, ΑΔΙΚΙΑ, ΠΑΡΑΠΤΩΜΑ
Etymology: The word "ΑΜΑΡΤΙΑ" is a compound word derived from the prefix "α-" (a-), meaning "not" or "without," and "μερος" (meros), meaning "part" or "share," or from "μαρτάνω" (martano), meaning "to miss the mark." It originally referred to an archer missing the target and evolved to mean a moral or spiritual failure.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: of them, their, of themselves
Notes: This word is a pronoun indicating possession or relation, specifically for a group of people or things. It is used to mean 'of them' or 'their', often referring back to a previously mentioned plural noun or pronoun.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, All genders
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter
Sounds like: OH
Translations: the, who, which, O
Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)
Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.
G2992
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: LAH-os
Translations: people, a people, nation, a nation
Notes: This word refers to a people, a nation, or a multitude of individuals, often implying a distinct group or community. It is commonly used to refer to the people of God, or a specific population within a region. It is a masculine noun.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΘΝΟΣ, ΔΗΜΟΣ
Etymology: From an uncertain root, possibly related to words meaning 'to gather' or 'to assemble'.
G3947
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: pa-rox-YOO-nohn
Translations: provoking, irritating, exasperating, stirring up, inciting, a provoker, an irritator
Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'παροξύνω'. It describes someone or something that is actively provoking, irritating, or stirring up others. It can be used to describe a person who causes anger or agitation, or an action that incites a strong reaction. In the provided examples, it functions as a noun (the one provoking) or an adjective (the provoking one).
Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative, Present Active Participle
Synonyms: ΕΡΕΘΙΖΩ, ΠΑΡΟΡΓΙΖΩ, ΕΚΚΑΙΩ
Etymology: The word 'παροξύνω' is a compound word formed from the preposition 'παρά' (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and the verb 'ὀξύνω' (oxynō), meaning 'to sharpen' or 'to incite'. Thus, it literally means 'to sharpen alongside' or 'to incite strongly'.
G1727
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb, Preposition
Sounds like: eh-NAN-tee-on
Translations: opposite, contrary, hostile, in the presence of, before, against, an opposite thing
Notes: This word can function as an adjective, an adverb, or a preposition. As an adjective, it describes something as being opposite or contrary. As an adverb, it means 'opposite' or 'over against'. When used as a preposition, it typically takes the genitive case and means 'in the presence of', 'before', or 'against'. It denotes a position or action in opposition to or in front of something or someone.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ἈΝΤΙ, ΚΑΤΑ
Etymology: The word ἘΝΑΝΤΙΟΣ is a compound word formed from the preposition ἘΝ (in) and ἈΝΤΙΟΣ (opposite, facing).
G1063
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: gar
Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.
G2192
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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)
Sounds like: EKH-on-tes
Translations: having, holding, possessing, those who have, while having
Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It describes someone or something that is in the act of having, holding, or possessing something. It functions like an adjective or adverb, providing additional information about the subject of a sentence, often translated as 'having' or 'those who have'.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΚΕΚΤΗΜΕΝΟΙ, ΚΑΤΕΧΟΝΤΕΣ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΟΝΤΕΣ
G4394
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pro-fay-TEI-as
Translations: of prophecy, of a prophecy, of prophesying, of a prophesying
Notes: This word refers to the act of prophesying or the message delivered through prophecy. It is often used in the context of divine revelation or inspired utterance, particularly in the New Testament.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΧΡΗΣΜΟΣ, ΜΑΝΤΕΙΑ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: the
Notes: This word is the masculine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a particular masculine noun that is the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'he saw the man' or 'towards the God'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed to function as a marker of definiteness in Greek.
G5547
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHRIS-ton
Translations: Christ, the Christ, Anointed One, the Anointed One
Notes: This word refers to the 'Anointed One' or 'Messiah'. In the New Testament, it is primarily used as a title for Jesus, signifying his role as the promised deliverer. It is often used with the definite article 'the' (the Christ) or as a proper name (Christ). As an accusative form, it would typically function as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΜΕΣΣΙΑΣ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ
G0050
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eeg-NOH-eh-sahn
Translations: they were ignorant, they did not know, they misunderstood, they ignored
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to be ignorant of,' 'not to know,' 'to misunderstand,' or 'to ignore.' It describes a state of lacking knowledge or understanding about something, or intentionally disregarding it. It is used to indicate that a group of people did not have information or failed to comprehend a situation.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΑΓΝΩΣΤΩΣ, ΑΓΝΩΜΟΝΕΩ
G3440
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective
Sounds like: MO-non
Translations: only, alone, merely, a single, a solitary
Notes: This word can function as an adverb meaning 'only' or 'merely', indicating exclusivity or limitation. It can also be the neuter singular form of the adjective 'ΜΟΝΟΣ', meaning 'alone' or 'solitary', describing something as being by itself or unique. In its adverbial use, it often modifies verbs or clauses to emphasize that something is done exclusively or that a condition applies solely to one thing.
Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (as adjective); Does not inflect (as adverb)
Synonyms: ΜΟΝΩΣ, ΜΟΝΟΓΕΝΗΣ
G0235
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: AL-lah
Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed
Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.
G3860
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: par-ekh-RAY-san-toh
Translations: they misused, they abused, they used improperly
Notes: This word describes an action of misusing or abusing something, or using it improperly. It implies a deviation from the correct or intended use. It is a compound verb formed from 'παρά' (para, meaning 'beside, beyond, contrary to') and 'χράομαι' (chraomai, meaning 'to use').
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle/Passive, 3rd Person Plural
G3381
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: may-deh-POH-teh
Translations: never, at no time
Notes: This word is a compound adverb meaning 'never' or 'at no time'. It is used to express a strong negation, indicating that something will not happen at any point in time. It combines the negative particle 'μηδέ' (not even, nor) with the indefinite adverb 'ποτε' (at some time, ever).
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΠΟΤΕ, ΟΥΔΕΠΩ
Etymology: ΜΗΔΕΠΟΤΕ is a compound word formed from the negative particle μηδέ (mēde), meaning 'not even' or 'nor', and the indefinite adverb ποτε (pote), meaning 'at some time' or 'ever'.
G3367
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: MAY-den
Translations: nothing, no one, none, not even one
Notes: This word is a negative indefinite pronoun or adjective, meaning 'nothing' or 'no one'. It is the neuter form of the word 'ΜΗΔΕΙΣ'. It is used to express absolute negation, particularly in contexts involving prohibitions, commands, or with subjunctive and optative moods, indicating that something should not happen or does not exist under certain conditions. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'do nothing' or 'let nothing happen'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Vocative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΝ
Etymology: The word ΜΗΔΕΙΣ is a compound word formed from the negative particle ΜΗ (meaning 'not') and the numeral ΕΙΣ (meaning 'one'). It literally means 'not even one'.
G0191
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: ah-koo-SAN-tes
Translations: having heard, hearing, listening, having listened
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to hear'. It describes an action of hearing or listening that has already occurred or is ongoing, often functioning like an adjective or adverb in a sentence. It can indicate a cause or a preceding action.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΥΝΘΑΝΟΜΑΙ, ἘΠΑΚΟΥΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΧΩ
G4012
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PEH-ree
Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.
Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself
Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.
G5104, G3588
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Part of Speech: Particle, Definite Article
Sounds like: TOY
Translations: indeed, surely, then, for them, to them, to the, for the
Notes: ΤΟΙ can function as an enclitic particle, adding emphasis or indicating a consequence, often translated as 'indeed,' 'surely,' or 'then.' It can also be the dative masculine or neuter plural form of the definite article 'the,' meaning 'to the' or 'for the,' or referring to 'them' when used as a pronoun. Its meaning depends heavily on context.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a particle); Dative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter (as a definite article)
Synonyms: ΓΑΡ, ΔΗ, ΟΙ
Etymology: The particle ΤΟΙ is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the demonstrative pronoun. The definite article ΤΟΙ (dative plural) derives from Proto-Indo-European roots related to demonstrative pronouns.
G3360
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: MEKH-rees
Translations: until, up to, as far as, while, even to
Notes: This word indicates a point in time or space that serves as a limit or boundary. As a preposition, it means 'until' or 'up to' a certain point or place. As a conjunction, it means 'until' or 'while' a certain event occurs. As an adverb, it can mean 'even to' or 'as far as'. It often takes the genitive case when used as a preposition, but can also be followed by a clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΩΣ, ΑΧΡΙ
Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the Greek word 'μέχρι' (mechri), which also means 'until' or 'up to'. The '-ς' ending is an adverbial suffix.
G2419
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ee-eh-roo-sa-LEEM
Translations: Jerusalem
Notes: This is the name of the ancient city of Jerusalem, a significant city in the history of Judaism and Christianity. It is often referred to as the Holy City and is central to many biblical narratives. As a proper noun, it functions as the subject or object in a sentence, referring specifically to this particular city.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The name 'Jerusalem' is of Semitic origin, likely meaning 'foundation of Shalem' or 'city of peace'. It is derived from ancient Hebrew roots and has been known by various names throughout history, but Jerusalem is its most enduring form.
G1831
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ex-EL-thon-tes
Translations: having gone out, going out, who went out, when they had gone out
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to go out' or 'to come out'. It describes an action that has been completed or is in progress, often functioning like a subordinate clause in English. It indicates that the subject of the main verb has performed the action of going out.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΕΚΒΑΙΝΩ, ΕΚΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ
G0652
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-po-STO-loy
Translations: apostles, messengers, delegates
Notes: This word refers to those who are sent out with a specific commission or message, acting as representatives or delegates. In a Christian context, it most commonly refers to the twelve disciples chosen by Jesus, or to other early Christian leaders who were sent to preach the Gospel.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΗΡΥΚΕΣ, ΠΡΕΣΒΕΙΣ
G3377
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-MAY-nyoo-san
Translations: they announced, they declared, they made known, they reported, they disclosed
Notes: This word is a verb meaning to announce, declare, make known, report, or disclose. It is used to describe the act of revealing information, often something previously hidden or unknown, to others. It can be used in contexts where a message is delivered or a fact is brought to light.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΔΗΛΟΩ, ΦΑΝΕΡΟΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.
G3860
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: par-EH-doh-kahn
Translations: they delivered, they handed over, they betrayed, they committed, they entrusted
Notes: This is a compound verb meaning 'to hand over', 'to deliver', 'to entrust', or 'to betray'. It describes the action of giving something or someone into the power or care of another. It can be used in various contexts, such as delivering a message, handing over a prisoner, or betraying someone to an enemy.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΕΠΙΔΙΔΩΜΙ
G4137
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: play-roh-THEN-tes
Translations: having been filled, having been completed, having been fulfilled, those who were filled, those who were completed
Notes: This word is a passive participle, meaning 'having been filled' or 'having been completed'. It describes a state of being filled, made full, or brought to completion. It is often used to indicate that something has been brought to its intended end or measure, or that a prophecy has been fulfilled. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, and indicates an action that has already occurred to the subject.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Masculine, Nominative, Plural
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΠΛΗΡΟΩ, ΕΚΠΛΗΡΟΩ
G5479
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kha-RAS
Translations: of joy, of gladness, of delight
Notes: This word is a noun referring to a state of great pleasure and happiness. It is often used to describe the inner feeling of joy or gladness, particularly in a spiritual or divine context. As a genitive form, it typically indicates possession or relationship, meaning 'of joy' or 'belonging to joy'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΥΦΡΟΣΥΝΗ, ΑΓΑΛΛΙΑΣΙΣ
G4102
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pis-TEH-ohs
Translations: of faith, of belief, of trust, of conviction
Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the noun 'πίστις' (pistis), meaning 'faith', 'belief', or 'trust'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship, often translated with 'of' in English. For example, 'the work of faith' or 'by means of faith'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΕΠΟΙΘΗΣΙΣ, ΕΜΠΙΣΤΟΣΥΝΗ
G1497
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ee-DOH-loys
Translations: (to) idols, (to) images, (to) false gods
Notes: This word refers to images or representations, often of deities, which are worshipped as gods. It can also refer to the false gods themselves or the concept of idolatry. In the provided context, it is used in the dative case, indicating the recipient or object of an action, such as 'to' or 'in relation to' idols.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΒΔΕΛΥΓΜΑΤΑ, ΑΓΑΛΜΑΤΑ
G657
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-peh-TAH-ksahn-toh
Translations: they took leave, they said farewell, they renounced, they bade farewell, they separated themselves
Notes: This word describes the action of taking leave, saying farewell, or renouncing something or someone. It implies a separation or a decisive break from a person, a group, or a former way of life. It can also mean to give up or abandon something. In a sentence, it would be used to describe a group of people performing this action.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ΑΦΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ, ΑΠΟΛΥΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TOH
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the
Notes: ΤΩ is the dative singular form of the definite article 'the'. It indicates the indirect object of a verb or the means/instrument by which an action is performed. It can also be used to indicate location or association, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', 'by', 'with', or 'in'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
G0004
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-GEN-nay-toh
Translations: (to) unbegotten, (to) uncreated, (to) unoriginated
Notes: This word describes something that has not been begotten, created, or brought into existence. It is often used in theological contexts to refer to God, emphasizing His eternal and uncreated nature. It can be used in a sentence to describe the recipient of an action, for example, 'to the unbegotten God'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ἈΓΕΝΗΤΟΣ, ἈΝΑΡΧΟΣ, ἈἸΔΙΟΣ
Etymology: The word is a compound of the negative prefix 'ἀ-' (a-, meaning 'not' or 'un-') and 'γεννητός' (gennētos), meaning 'begotten' or 'created'. Thus, it literally means 'not begotten' or 'uncreated'.
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THAY-oh
Translations: (to) God, (for) God, a God
Notes: This is the dative singular form of the noun 'ΘΕΟΣ' (theos), meaning 'God' or 'a god'. It refers to the supreme being in a monotheistic context, or to a deity in a polytheistic context. When used in the dative case, it typically indicates the recipient of an action or the one for whom something is done, hence 'to God' or 'for God'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΠΑΤΗΡ
G1223
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: dee-AH
Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.
G1438
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-ow-TOOS
Translations: themselves
Notes: This word is a reflexive pronoun, meaning 'themselves'. It is used to refer back to the subject of the sentence or clause, indicating that the action is performed by the subject upon itself. For example, 'they save themselves'.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine
G0399
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-NEH-thay-kahn
Translations: they offered, they dedicated, they placed, they laid up, they set up
Notes: This is the third person plural, aorist active indicative form of the verb ἀνατίθημι (anatithēmi). It means 'they offered,' 'they dedicated,' 'they placed,' or 'they laid up.' It describes an action of placing something up, dedicating it, or offering it, often in a religious or formal context. For example, it can be used when people dedicate items to a deity or place something in a specific, often elevated, position.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΦΕΡΩ, ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ
G4267
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: proh-eh-gi-NOHS-keh-toh
Translations: was foreknown, was known beforehand
Notes: This is a compound verb, formed from the prefix ΠΡΟ- (PRO-), meaning "before" or "in advance," and the verb ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ (GINOSKO), meaning "to know." Therefore, it means "to know beforehand" or "to foreknow." The form ΠΡΟΕΓΙΝΩΣΚΕΤΟ indicates an action that was ongoing or repeated in the past, specifically that something or someone was being known in advance by others.
Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΟΡΙΖΩ, ΠΡΟΒΛΕΠΩ
G1426
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: DYS-fay-mah
Translations: evil-speaking, slanderous, blasphemous, abusive, evil things, slanderous things, blasphemous things, abusive things
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'evil-speaking,' 'slanderous,' or 'blasphemous.' It describes something that is spoken or said in a harmful, abusive, or impious manner. It is a compound word formed from 'δυσ-' (dys-), meaning 'bad' or 'difficult,' and 'φήμη' (phēmē), meaning 'speech' or 'report.' In this form, it is the neuter plural, often used to describe 'evil things' or 'slanderous things.'
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΒΛΑΣΦΗΜΟΣ, ΚΑΚΟΛΟΓΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΔΥΣΦΗΜΟΣ is a compound of the prefix ΔΥΣ- (dys-), meaning 'bad,' 'ill,' or 'difficult,' and ΦΗΜΗ (phēmē), meaning 'speech,' 'report,' or 'fame.' It describes something that is ill-spoken or has a bad reputation.
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TOW-tah
Translations: these, these things
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'these' or 'these things'. It refers to something previously mentioned or understood from the context, pointing it out specifically. As a pronoun, it stands in place of a noun, while as an adjective, it modifies a noun.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
G3004
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: lekh-thee-SOH-me-na
Translations: things to be said, what is to be said, matters to be spoken
Notes: This word is a future passive participle, meaning 'that which is to be said or spoken'. It refers to something that will be said or needs to be said in the future, often implying a statement, discourse, or matter that is yet to be revealed or discussed. It functions like an adjective or noun, describing things that are the subject or object of future speech.
Inflection: Future Passive Participle, Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΡΗΜΑΤΑ, ΛΟΓΟΙ
Etymology: The word ΛΕΓΩ comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to collect, gather', which evolved to mean 'to speak' or 'to say' in Greek, implying the gathering of words.
G2596
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: KAH-tah
Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along
Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.
G3670
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: ho-mo-lo-GOON-tohn
Translations: confessing, acknowledging, professing, agreeing, admitting
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'homologeo'. It describes an action of confessing, acknowledging, or agreeing. It is often used to indicate someone who is in the act of making a declaration or admission, or who is in agreement with something. It can function adjectivally, describing a noun, or adverbially, describing a verb.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΞΟΜΟΛΟΓΕΩ, ΣΥΜΦΩΝΕΩ, ΟΜΟΦΩΝΕΩ
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EYE-en
Translations: may they be, let them be, would they be
Notes: This word is the third person plural, present tense, optative mood form of the verb 'to be'. The optative mood expresses a wish, a possibility, or a potential action. Therefore, 'ΕἸΕΝ' means 'may they be', 'let them be', or 'would they be', indicating a desire or a hypothetical situation concerning a group of people or things.
Inflection: 3rd Person, Plural, Present, Optative
G5006
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: TA-la-nes
Translations: wretched, unhappy, miserable, wretched ones, unhappy ones, miserable ones
Notes: This word describes someone who is in a state of deep misery, distress, or unhappiness. It can be used to express pity or condemnation, often translated as 'wretched' or 'unhappy.' It functions as an adjective and can be used substantively to refer to 'wretched ones' or 'unhappy ones.'
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΘΛΙΟΣ, ΔΥΣΤΥΧΗΣ
Etymology: The word ΤΑΛΑΣ (talas) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the idea of enduring or suffering.
G1426
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: dys-FEE-moo-n-tes
Translations: slandering, speaking evil of, defaming
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'slandering' or 'speaking evil of'. It describes an ongoing action of speaking ill of someone or something, often with the intent to harm their reputation. It functions like an adjective or adverb in a sentence, modifying a noun or verb to describe the manner of action.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Plural
Synonyms: ΒΛΑΣΦΗΜΟΥΝΤΕΣ, ΚΑΚΟΛΟΓΟΥΝΤΕΣ
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