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First Apology of Justin Martyr, Chapter 59
Interlinear version from Justin Martyr (Beta)
G2443
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: EE-nah
Translations: in order that, that, so that, to
Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause expressing purpose, result, or content. It often translates to 'in order that' or simply 'that' when indicating the aim or outcome of an action. It can also be used to express a command or exhortation, especially when followed by the subjunctive mood.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣΤΕ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en- (in). It is related to the preposition 'in' and developed into a conjunction expressing purpose or result.
G1161
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: DEH
Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however
Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G3844
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: pah-RAH
Translations: from, by, with, beside, at, near, alongside, to
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it typically means 'from' or 'from beside', indicating origin or agency. With the dative case, it means 'with', 'beside', or 'at', indicating proximity or presence. With the accusative case, it means 'alongside', 'to', or 'past', indicating motion towards or along something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΥΠΟ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'beside', 'alongside'. It is cognate with English 'for' and 'from'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G2251
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Part of Speech: Possessive Pronoun
Sounds like: hay-meh-TEH-rohn
Translations: (of) our, (of) ours
Notes: This word is a possessive pronoun meaning 'our' or 'ours'. It indicates possession by a group including the speaker. As a genitive plural, it typically modifies a noun, indicating that the noun belongs to 'us'. For example, 'our house' or 'the house of ours'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΗΜΩΝ
Etymology: The word 'ἡμέτερος' (hēmeteros) comes from 'ἡμεῖς' (hēmeis), meaning 'we'. It is a possessive adjective derived from the first person plural pronoun.
G1320
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: dee-DAS-kah-lohn
Translations: of teachers, teachers
Notes: This word refers to those who teach or instruct. It is a compound word, derived from the verb 'διδάσκω' (didaskō), meaning 'to teach', and the suffix '-καλος' (-kalos), which denotes a person who performs the action. It is used to describe instructors, masters, or those who impart knowledge or doctrine.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΡΑΒΒΙ, ΚΑΘΗΓΗΤΗΣ
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: LEH-go-men
Translations: we say, we speak, we tell, we mean, we call
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'we say' or 'we speak'. It is used to express an action of speaking or communicating by a group of people (first person plural). It can also mean 'we tell', 'we mean', or 'we call'.
Inflection: First Person, Plural, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΦΗΜΙ, ΕΡΩ
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G3056
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: LOH-goo
Translations: of word, of account, of reason, of speech, of message, of saying, of statement, of report, of matter, of thing
Notes: This word refers to a word, speech, discourse, or a divine utterance. It can also mean an account, reason, or a matter/thing. In its genitive form, as seen here, it indicates possession or origin, often translated with 'of'. It is frequently used in contexts relating to communication, divine revelation, or logical reasoning.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΡΗΜΑ, ΜΥΘΟΣ, ΕΠΟΣ
G1223
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: dee-AH
Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.
G4396
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pro-fay-TON
Translations: of prophets
Notes: This word refers to those who speak for God or interpret His will, often foretelling future events. It is a compound word, combining 'pro' (before, forth) and 'phemi' (to speak). It is used to describe individuals who deliver divine messages or act as spokespersons for God.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΜΑΝΤΙΣ, ΘΕΟΛΟΓΟΣ
Etymology: The word 'ΠΡΟΦΗΤΗΣ' (prophetes) comes from the Greek prefix 'πρό' (pro), meaning 'before' or 'forth', and the verb 'φημί' (phēmi), meaning 'to speak'. Thus, it literally means 'one who speaks forth' or 'one who speaks before' (either in time or on behalf of someone).
G2983
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: lah-BON-tah
Translations: taking, having taken, receiving, having received, seizing, having seized
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take,' 'to receive,' or 'to seize.' As a participle, it functions like a verbal adjective, describing an action that has already occurred or is completed in relation to the main verb of the sentence. It can be translated as 'having taken,' 'having received,' or 'having seized,' indicating the completion of the action.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Accusative, Masculine, Singular
Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: the
Notes: This word is the masculine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a particular masculine noun that is the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'he saw the man' or 'towards the God'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed to function as a marker of definiteness in Greek.
G4108
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: PLAH-to-na
Translations: Plato
Notes: This is the name of the famous ancient Greek philosopher, Plato. It is used here in the accusative case, indicating that Plato is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Accusative
G3129
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: mah-THEE-teh
Translations: learn, understand, be taught, you may learn, you might learn, learn!
Notes: This word is the second person plural aorist active subjunctive or aorist active imperative form of the verb 'μανθάνω' (manthano), meaning 'to learn' or 'to understand'. As a subjunctive, it expresses a possibility, purpose, or command, often translated as 'that you may learn' or 'you might learn'. As an imperative, it functions as a direct command, 'learn!' or 'you all learn!'. It is used to describe the act of acquiring knowledge or skill.
Inflection: Second Person Plural, Aorist, Active, Subjunctive or Imperative
Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΕΤΕ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΕΤΕ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G2036
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ay-PINE
Translations: to say, to speak, to tell
Notes: This word is an aorist infinitive verb meaning 'to say', 'to speak', or 'to tell'. It is used to express the action of speaking or communicating something, often in a general sense without specifying the subject or object of the action. It can be used in various constructions, such as after verbs of commanding or desiring, or to express purpose.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΕΙΝ, ΛΑΛΕΙΝ, ΦΑΝΑΙ
Etymology: ΕἸΠΕΙΝ is the aorist infinitive of the verb ΕἸΠΩ, which is a suppletive aorist form used with the present tense verbs ΛΕΓΩ and ΦΗΜΙ. Its origin traces back to Proto-Indo-European roots related to speaking or declaring.
G5207
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: HOO-len
Translations: material, matter, wood, a wood, forest, a forest
Notes: This word refers to raw material, matter, or substance from which something is made. It can also denote wood, timber, or a forest. In a broader sense, it can refer to the subject matter of a discussion or a topic. It is used in sentences to describe the physical components of an object or the natural environment.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΞΥΛΟΝ, ΥΠΟΣΤΑΣΙΣ
G0269
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-MOR-fon
Translations: formless, shapeless, unformed, a formless thing
Notes: This word describes something that lacks form, shape, or structure. It is used to refer to something unorganized or chaotic, often in a philosophical or theological context, such as the state of the earth before creation. It can be used to describe a substance or entity that has not yet taken on a definite shape.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΜΟΡΦΩΤΟΣ, ΑΣΧΗΜΑΤΙΣΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word is a compound of the privative alpha (α-) meaning 'not' or 'without', and 'μορφή' (morphē) meaning 'form' or 'shape'. Thus, it literally means 'without form'.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: OO-san
Translations: being, existing, that is, that exists
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'to be'. As a participle, it describes something that is 'being' or 'existing' at the time of the action. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun, or can be used substantively (as a noun). In this form, it is feminine, singular, and in the accusative case, meaning it would be the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition, referring to a feminine noun.
Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Feminine, Present, Active, Participle
Etymology: The verb ΕἸΜΙ (eimi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to be' or 'to exist'. It is one of the most fundamental verbs in the Greek language.
G4762
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: STREP-san-tah
Translations: having turned, turning, turned, having returned, returning, returned
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to turn' or 'to return'. It describes an action of turning or returning that has already occurred or is ongoing, functioning like an adjective to modify a noun or pronoun. It can refer to physical turning, turning away from something, or returning to a place or state.
Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Accusative, Masculine, Singular
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΑΠΟΣΤΡΕΦΩ
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: theh-ON
Translations: God, a God
Notes: This word refers to God, a god, or a deity. It is used as the direct object in a sentence, indicating the recipient of an action or the one being referred to. For example, one might 'worship God' (where 'God' would be in the accusative case).
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ
G2889
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KOS-mon
Translations: world, a world, universe, an universe, adornment, an adornment, order, an order
Notes: This word refers to the world, the universe, or the created order. It can also mean adornment, decoration, or arrangement. In the New Testament, it often refers to humanity or the sinful world system, but can also refer to the physical world. As an accusative noun, it typically functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΙΚΟΥΜΕΝΗ, ΑΙΩΝ
G4160
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: poy-AY-sah-ee
Translations: to make, to do, to create, to perform, to produce, to bring about
Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'to make' or 'to do'. It expresses the action of making, doing, creating, or performing something. As an infinitive, it functions like a verbal noun, often used after other verbs or prepositions to indicate purpose or result.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΑΤΤΩ
G0191
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-KOO-sah-teh
Translations: hear, listen, obey, understand
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to hear' or 'to listen'. It is often used as a command or exhortation, urging people to pay attention or to obey. It can also imply understanding or perceiving something through sound. In the provided examples, it is used to command a group of people to listen.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Imperative, 2nd Person Plural
Synonyms: ἘΝΩΤΙΖΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΣΕΧΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂kowh₂- 'to hear'.
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: ow-toh-LEK-say
Translations: word for word, verbatim, literally, in the exact words
Notes: This is a compound adverb meaning 'word for word' or 'verbatim'. It is used to indicate that something is quoted or stated in the exact words as originally spoken or written, without any changes or paraphrasing. It emphasizes the precise reproduction of text or speech.
Inflection: Does not inflect
G2046
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ee-ray-MEH-nohn
Translations: of the things said, of the things spoken, of the things mentioned, of the aforesaid, of the aforementioned
Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been said' or 'having been spoken'. It functions like an adjective or a noun, referring to things that have already been stated or mentioned. In this genitive plural form, it typically refers to 'of the things that have been said' or 'of the aforementioned things'. It is often used to refer back to previous statements or topics in a text.
Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Neuter
Synonyms: ΡΗΘΕΝΤΩΝ, ΛΕΛΑΛΗΜΕΝΩΝ
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