First Apology of Justin Martyr Chapter 1, Interlinear version from Justin Martyr (Beta)

First Apology of Justin Martyr, Chapter 1

Interlinear version from Justin Martyr (Beta)

1:1

ΑΥ̓ΤΟΚΡΑΤΟΡΙ
- AUTOKRATORI
- to-Emperor
ΤΙΤΩ
- TITŌ
- to-Titus
ΑἸΛΙΩ
- AILIŌ
- to-Aelius
ἈΔΡΙΑΝΩ
- ADRIANŌ
- to-Hadrian
ἈΝΤΩΝΙΝΩ
- ANTŌNINŌ
- to-Antoninus
ΕΥ̓ΣΕΒΕΙ
- EUSEBEI
- to-Pious
ΚΑΙΣΑΡΙ
- KAISARI
- to-Caesar
ΣΕΒΑΣΤΩ
- SEBASTŌ
- to-Augustus
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΟΥ̓ΗΡΙΣΣΙΜΩ
- OUĒRISSIMŌ
- to-Verissimus
ΥΙΩ
- UIŌ
- to-son
ΦΙΛΙΣΟΦΩ
- PHILISOPHŌ
- to-philosopher
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΛΟΥΚΙΩ
- LOUKIŌ
- to-Lucius
ΦΙΛΟΣΟΦΟΥ
- PHILOSOPHOU
- of-philosopher
ΚΑΙΣΑΡΟΣ
- KAISAROS
- of-Caesar
ΦΥΣΕΙ
- PHYSEI
- by-nature
ΥΙΩ
- UIŌ
- to-son
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΕΥ̓ΣΕΒΟΥΣ
- EUSEBOUS
- of-Pious
ΕἸΣΠΟΙΗΤΩ
- EISPOIĒTŌ
- to-adopted-one
ἘΡΑΣΤΗ
- ERASTĒ
- to-lover
ΠΑΙΔΕΙΑΣ
- PAIDEIAS
- of-education
ΙΕΡΑ
- IERA
- to-holy
ΤΕ
- TE
- and
ΣΥΓΚΛΗΤΩ
- SYGKLĒTŌ
- to-senate
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΔΗΜΩ
- DĒMŌ
- to-people
ΠΑΝΤΙ
- PANTI
- to-all
ΡΩΜΑΙΩΝ
- RHŌMAIŌN
- of-Romans
ΥΠΕΡ
- YPER
- concerning
ΤΩΝ
- TŌN
- the
ἘΚ
- EK
- from
ΠΑΝΤΟΣ
- PANTOS
- every
ΓΕΝΟΥΣ
- GENOUS
- kind
ἈΝΘΡΩΠΩΝ
- ANTHRŌPŌN
- of-people
ἈΔΙΚΩΣ
- ADIKŌS
- unjustly
ΜΙΣΟΥΜΕΝΩΝ
- MISOUMENŌN
- being-hated
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ἘΠΗΡΕΑΖΟΜΕΝΩΝ
- EPĒREAZOMENŌN
- being-abused
ἸΟΥΣΤΙΝΟΣ
- IOUSTINOS
- Justin
ΠΡΙΣΚΟΥ
- PRISKOU
- of-Priscus
ΤΟΥ
- TOU
- the
ΒΑΚΧΕΙΟΥ
- BAKCHEIOU
- of-Baccheius
ΤΩΝ
- TŌN
- of-the-ones
ἈΠΟ
- APO
- from
ΦΛΑΟΥΙΑΣ
- PHLAOUIAS
- Flavia
ΝΕΑΣ
- NEAS
- New
ΠΟΛΕΩΣ
- POLEŌS
- City
ΤΗΣ
- TĒS
- of-Syria
ΣΥΡΙΑΣ
- SYRIAS
- of-Syria
ΠΑΛΑΙΣΤΙΝΗΣ
- PALAISTINĒS
- of-Palestine
ΕΙΣ
- EIS
- for
ΑΥ̓ΤΩΝ
- AUTŌN
- them
ὨΝ
- ŌN
- being
ΤΗΝ
- TĒN
- the
ΠΡΟΣΦΩΝΗΣΙΝ
- PROSPHŌNĒSIN
- address
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ἘΝΤΕΥΞΙΝ
- ENTEUXIN
- petition
ΠΕΠΟΙΗΜΑΙ
- PEPOIĒMAI
- I-have-made

G0846

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ow-toh-KRAH-tor-ee

Translations: (to) emperor, (to) an emperor, (to) sovereign, (to) a sovereign

Notes: This word is a compound noun, formed from ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ (autos, meaning 'self') and ΚΡΑΤΩΡ (kratōr, meaning 'ruler' or 'master'). It refers to a self-ruler, an absolute ruler, or an emperor. It is used to denote a supreme authority, often in a political or military context, such as the Roman Emperor. In a sentence, it would indicate the recipient of an action or the person to whom something is directed.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ

G2150

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: yoo-SEH-beh-ee

Translations: piety, godliness, a piety, a godliness, (to) piety, (to) godliness

Notes: This word refers to piety, godliness, or reverence towards God. It describes the quality of being devout and acting in a way that honors divine principles. It is often used in contexts relating to religious devotion and moral uprightness.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΘΕΟΣΕΒΕΙΑ, ΕΥ̓ΛΑΒΕΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΕΥ̓ΣΕΒΕΙΑ (eusebeia) is a compound word derived from ΕΥ̓́ (eu), meaning 'well' or 'good', and ΣΈΒΟΜΑΙ (sebomai), meaning 'to worship' or 'to revere'. Thus, it literally means 'well-worship' or 'good reverence'.

G4575

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: seh-bas-TOH

Translations: (to) Augustus, (to) the venerable one, (to) the revered one, (to) an Augustus, (to) a venerable one, (to) a revered one

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'venerable' or 'revered'. It is frequently used as a title, particularly for Roman emperors, equivalent to 'Augustus'. In this form, it is in the dative case, indicating the recipient of an action or the object to which something is directed.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΕΜΝΟΣ, ΕΝΤΙΜΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΣΕΒΑΣΤΟΣ (Sebastos) is derived from the Greek verb σέβομαι (sebomai), meaning 'to worship' or 'to revere'. It was used to translate the Latin title 'Augustus', which was bestowed upon Octavian, the first Roman emperor, and subsequently became a title for his successors.

G2532

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

Open in Concordance

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: oo-AY-ris-si-moh

Translations: most true, most genuine, most real, (to) the most true, (to) the most genuine, (to) the most real

Notes: This word is a transliteration of the Latin superlative adjective 'verissimus', meaning 'most true' or 'most genuine'. It is used to describe someone or something as being exceedingly true, real, or authentic. In the provided context, it appears to be used as an epithet or title for a person, likely indicating their integrity or authenticity.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: This word is a direct transliteration of the Latin word 'verissimus', which is the superlative form of 'verus' (true).

G5386

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Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: fee-lo-SO-foh

Translations: philosopher, a philosopher, philosophical, (to) a philosopher, (to) the philosopher, (to) philosophical

Notes: This word is likely a misspelling of ΦΙΛΟΣΟΦΩ (philosophō), which is the dative singular form of the noun ΦΙΛΟΣΟΦΟΣ (philosophos), meaning 'philosopher'. It can also function as an adjective meaning 'philosophical'. In a sentence, it would indicate the recipient or indirect object of an action, or describe something as philosophical, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΟΦΟΣ, ΦΙΛΟΜΑΘΗΣ

G5386

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: fee-lo-SO-foo

Translations: of a philosopher, a philosopher

Notes: This word refers to 'a philosopher' or 'one who loves wisdom'. It is a compound word derived from 'philos' (loving) and 'sophia' (wisdom). In this form, it is the genitive singular, indicating possession or relationship, often translated as 'of a philosopher'. It can also be used as an adjective meaning 'philosophical'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΟΦΟΣ, ΦΡΟΝΙΜΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΦΙΛΟΣΟΦΟΣ is a compound of two Greek words: φίλος (philos), meaning 'loving' or 'dear', and σοφία (sophia), meaning 'wisdom'. It literally means 'lover of wisdom'.

G2541

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Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: KAI-sar-os

Translations: of Caesar

Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the proper noun 'Caesar'. It refers to the Roman emperor, or more generally, the imperial authority. In the New Testament, it often refers to the reigning emperor, such as Augustus or Tiberius, or the office itself.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: From Latin 'Caesar', originally a Roman family name, which became a title for the Roman emperors after Julius Caesar. The name's ultimate origin is uncertain, possibly from 'caesaries' (hair) or 'caesus' (cut).

Open in Concordance

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: eis-poy-AY-toh

Translations: (to) adopted, (to) one who is adopted

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'adopted' or 'one who is adopted'. It is a compound word formed from ΕΙΣ (eis, 'into') and ΠΟΙΕΩ (poieō, 'to make' or 'to do'). It describes someone who has been made part of a family or group through adoption. It is used to indicate the recipient of an action or the indirect object in a sentence.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word ΕΙΣΠΟΙΗΤΟΣ is derived from the preposition ΕΙΣ (eis), meaning 'into' or 'to', and the verb ΠΟΙΕΩ (poieō), meaning 'to make' or 'to do'. It literally means 'made into' or 'brought into', referring to the act of adoption.

G2413, G2411

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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ee-eh-RAH

Translations: holy, sacred, a holy thing, sacred things, temple, a temple

Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'holy' or 'sacred'. When used as a noun, it typically refers to 'sacred things' or 'holy places', often specifically a 'temple' or 'sanctuary'. It describes anything set apart for divine use or associated with religious practices.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative or Vocative or Accusative, Singular; or Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΓΙΟΣ, ΟΣΙΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἱερά (hiera) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *ish₂ros, meaning 'sacred, powerful'. It is related to words signifying strength and divine power.

G5037

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle

Sounds like: TEH

Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.

G5228

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-PER

Translations: over, above, for, on behalf of, concerning, beyond, more than

Notes: ΥΠΕΡ is a Koine Greek preposition. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often means 'on behalf of', 'for the sake of', 'concerning', or 'instead of'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'over', 'above', 'beyond', or 'more than', often indicating position or motion.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΙ, ΠΕΡΙ, ΑΝΤΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *uperi, meaning 'over, above'. It is cognate with English 'over' and Latin 'super'.

G0444

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ahn-throh-POHN

Translations: (of) men, (of) people, (of) humankind

Notes: ἈΝΘΡΩΠΩΝ is the genitive plural form of the noun ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ, which means 'man', 'human being', or 'person'. This form is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship, translating to 'of men' or 'of people'. It refers to human beings in general, often distinguishing them from God or other creatures.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΒΡΟΤΟΣ, ΛΑΟΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek, likely a compound of ἀνήρ (anēr, 'man') and ὤψ (ōps, 'face, eye'), possibly meaning 'one who looks up' or 'one with a human face'.

G3404

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: mee-soo-MEH-nohn

Translations: of those being hated, of those who are hated

Notes: This word is a present passive participle derived from the verb 'μισέω' (miseō), meaning 'to hate'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, describing someone or something that is the object of hatred. In this form, it refers to 'those who are being hated' or 'those who are hated'. It can be used in a sentence to specify a group of people who are experiencing hatred.

Inflection: Participle, Present, Passive, Genitive, Plural, All Genders

Synonyms: ΕΧΘΡΟΣ, ΑΠΕΧΘΑΝΟΜΑΙ

G1907

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-ay-reh-ah-ZOH-meh-nohn

Translations: of those who are reviling, of those who are insulting, of those who are abusing, of those who are slandering, of those who are treating despitefully

Notes: This word is a present passive participle, meaning 'being reviled' or 'being treated despitefully'. It describes an action that is currently happening to the subject. In this genitive plural form, it refers to 'of those who are being reviled' or 'of those who are being treated despitefully'. It is often used in contexts of persecution or unjust treatment.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Genitive, Plural, All genders

Synonyms: ὙΒΡΙΖΟΜΕΝΩΝ, ΛΟΙΔΟΡΟΥΜΕΝΩΝ

G3588, G3778

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

Open in Concordance

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: bak-KHEI-oo

Translations: of Bacchus

Notes: This word refers to Bacchus, the Roman god of wine, revelry, and fertility, equivalent to the Greek god Dionysus. It is used in the genitive case, indicating possession or origin, such as 'belonging to Bacchus' or 'of Bacchus'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΝΥΣΟΣ

Etymology: The name Bacchus is of Greek origin, derived from the Greek god Dionysus, who was also known as Bacchus. The term is associated with the ecstatic rituals and festivals dedicated to this deity.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G3825

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Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: pa-lais-TEE-nays

Translations: of Palestine

Notes: This word refers to Palestine, a historical geographical region in the Middle East. It is used to indicate possession or origin, for example, 'the land of Palestine' or 'people from Palestine'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The word "Palestine" comes from the Latin "Palaestina", which in turn is derived from the Greek "Palaistínē" (Παλαιστίνη). This name is thought to be related to the Philistines, an ancient people who inhabited part of the region.

G1519, G1520

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, toward, among, in, a, an, one

Notes: As a preposition, ΕΙΣ (eis) indicates motion or direction towards a place, person, or purpose, often translated as 'into,' 'to,' or 'for.' It always takes the accusative case. For example, 'into the house' or 'to God.' It can also be used to express purpose or result. As a numeral, ΕΙΣ (heis) means 'one' and is the masculine nominative singular form, often translated as 'a,' 'an,' or 'one.'

Inflection: Preposition: Does not inflect. Numeral: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (other forms exist for other genders and cases).

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en-s, an extended form of the preposition *en (in).

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G4160

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-POY-ee-my

Translations: I have been made, I have been done, I have been created, I have made for myself, I have done for myself

Notes: This is a verb in the perfect tense, middle or passive voice, first person singular. In the middle voice, it means 'I have made or done something for myself' or 'I have caused something to be made/done for myself'. In the passive voice, it means 'I have been made' or 'I have been done'. It describes an action completed in the past with ongoing results or a state resulting from a past action.

Inflection: Perfect, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, First Person Singular

Synonyms: ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ

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