First Apology of Justin Martyr Chapter 3, Interlinear version from Justin Martyr (Beta)

First Apology of Justin Martyr, Chapter 3

Interlinear version from Justin Martyr (Beta)

3:1

ἈΛΛ
- ALL
- but
ΙΝΑ
- INA
- in-order-that
ΜΗ
- MĒ
- not
ἈΛΟΓΟΝ
- ALOGON
- unreasonable
ΦΩΝΗΝ
- PHŌNĒN
- report
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΤΟΛΜΗΡΑΝ
- TOLMĒRAN
- presumptuous
ΔΟΞΗ
- DOXĒ
- it-may-seem
ΤΙΣ
- TIS
- someone
ΤΑΥΤΑ
- TAUTA
- these-things
ΕἸΝΑΙ
- EINAI
- to-be
ἈΞΙΟΥΜΕΝ
- AXIOUMEN
- we-demand
ΤΑ
- TA
- the
ΚΑΤΗΓΟΡΟΥΜΕΝΑ
- KATĒGOROUMENA
- accused-things
ΑΥ̓ΤΩΝ
- AUTŌN
- of-them
ἘΞΕΤΑΖΕΣΘΑΙ
- EXETAZESTHAI
- to-be-examined
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ἘΑΝ
- EAN
- if
ΟΥΤΩΣ
- OUTŌS
- thus
ἘΧΟΝΤΑ
- ECHONTA
- being
ἈΠΟΔΕΙΚΝΥΩΝΤΑΙ
- APODEIKNYŌNTAI
- they-are-proven
ΚΟΛΑΖΕΣΘΑΙ
- KOLAZESTHAI
- to-be-punished
ΩΣ
- ŌS
- as
ΠΡΕΠΟΝ
- PREPON
- fitting
ἘΣΤΙΝ
- ESTIN
- it-is
ΑΛΟΝΤΑΣ
- ALONTAS
- having-been-caught
ΚΟΛΑΖΕΙΝ
- KOLAZEIN
- to-punish
ΕἸ
- EI
- if
ΔΕ
- DE
- but
ΜΗΔΕΝ
- MĒDEN
- nothing
ἘΧΟΙ
- ECHOI
- someone-may-have
ΤΙΣ
- TIS
- someone
ἘΛΕΓΧΕΙΝ
- ELEGCHEIN
- to-expose
ΟΥ̓Χ
- OUCH
- not
ΥΠΑΓΟΡΕΥΕΙ
- YPAGOREUEI
- dictates
Ο
- O
- the
ἈΛΗΘΗΣ
- ALĒTHĒS
- true
ΛΟΓΟΣ
- LOGOS
- word
ΔΙΑ
- DIA
- through
ΦΗΜΗΝ
- PHĒMĒN
- evil
ΠΟΝΗΡΑΝ
- PONĒRAN
- report
ἈΝΑΙΤΙΟΥΣ
- ANAITIOUS
- innocent
ἈΝΘΡΩΠΟΥΣ
- ANTHRŌPOUS
- people
ἈΔΙΚΕΙΝ
- ADIKEIN
- to-wrong
ΜΑΛΛΟΝ
- MALLON
- rather
ΔΕ
- DE
- but
ΕΑΥΤΟΥΣ
- EAUTOUS
- yourselves
ΟΙ
- OI
- the-ones
ΟΥ̓
- OU
- not
ΚΡΙΣΕΙ
- KRISEI
- by-judgment
ἈΛΛΑ
- ALLA
- but
ΠΑΘΕΙ
- PATHEI
- by-passion
ΤΑ
- TA
- the
ΠΡΑΓΜΑΤΑ
- PRAGMATA
- matters
ἘΠΑΓΕΙΝ
- EPAGEIN
- to-bring-on
ἈΞΙΟΥΤΕ
- AXIOUTE
- you-demand
ΚΑΛΗΝ
- KALĒN
- good
ΔΕ
- DE
- but
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΜΟΝΗΝ
- MONĒN
- only
ΔΙΚΑΙΑΝ
- DIKAIAN
- just
ΠΡΟΚΛΗΣΙΝ
- PROKLĒSIN
- challenge
ΤΑΥΤΗΝ
- TAUTĒN
- this
ΠΑΣ
- PAS
- every
Ο
- O
- the-one
ΣΩΦΡΟΝΩΝ
- SŌPHRONŌN
- being-sensible
ἈΠΟΦΑΝΕΙΤΑΙ
- APOPHANEITAI
- will-declare
ΤΟ
- TO
- the
ΤΟΥΣ
- TOUS
- the-ones
ἈΡΧΟΜΕΝΟΥΣ
- ARCHOMENOUS
- being-governed
ΤΗΝ
- TĒN
- the
ΕΥ̓ΘΥΝΗΝ
- EUTHYNĒN
- accountability
ΤΟΥ
- TOU
- of-the
ΕΑΥΤΩΝ
- EAUTŌN
- their-own
ΒΙΟΥ
- BIOU
- life
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΛΟΓΟΥ
- LOGOU
- word
ἈΛΗΠΤΟΝ
- ALĒPTON
- unassailable
ΠΑΡΕΧΕΙΝ
- PARECHEIN
- to-provide
ΟΜΟΙΩΣ
- OMOIŌS
- likewise
Δ
- D
- but
ΑΥ̓
- AU
- also
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΤΟΥΣ
- TOUS
- the
ἈΡΧΟΝΤΑΣ
- ARCHONTAS
- rulers
ΜΗ
- MĒ
- not
ΒΙΑ
- BIA
- by-force
ΜΗΔΕ
- MĒDE
- nor
ΤΥΡΑΝΝΙΔΙ
- TYRANNIDI
- by-tyranny

G0243

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Part of Speech: Prefix

Sounds like: ALL

Translations: other, another, different, foreign

Notes: This is a prefix form of the word 'ἄλλος' (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to form compound words that convey the idea of something being different, foreign, or belonging to another group. For example, 'ἀλλογενῶν' means 'of other races', 'ἀλλότριοι' means 'strangers' or 'foreigners', and 'ἀλλόφυλους' means 'foreigners' or 'of another tribe'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix)

Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.

G2443

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Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: EE-nah

Translations: in order that, that, so that, to

Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause expressing purpose, result, or content. It often translates to 'in order that' or simply 'that' when indicating the aim or outcome of an action. It can also be used to express a command or exhortation, especially when followed by the subjunctive mood.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣΤΕ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en- (in). It is related to the preposition 'in' and developed into a conjunction expressing purpose or result.

G3361

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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G0249

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-LOH-gon

Translations: unreasonable, irrational, absurd, senseless, beastly, an unreasonable thing, an irrational thing

Notes: This word describes something that is without reason, irrational, or absurd. It can refer to something that lacks logical thought or is contrary to reason. It can also be used to describe animals, implying they are 'without reason' or 'beastly'. In some contexts, it can be used substantively to mean 'an unreasonable thing' or 'an irrational act'. It is a compound word formed from the privative alpha (Α-) meaning 'without' and ΛΟΓΟΣ (logos) meaning 'reason' or 'word'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΝΟΗΤΟΣ, ΑΦΡΩΝ, ΑΣΥΝΕΤΟΣ

G2532

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G1391

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: DOK-say

Translations: glory, a glory, honor, an honor, splendor, a splendor, majesty, a majesty, renown, a renown, reputation, a reputation, dignity, a dignity

Notes: This word refers to glory, honor, splendor, or majesty. It can describe the inherent nature of God, the visible manifestation of His presence, or the esteem and reputation of a person. It is often used in contexts of praise, worship, or divine revelation. It can also refer to human reputation or dignity.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΤΙΜΗ, ΚΛΕΟΣ, ΦΗΜΗ

Etymology: The word ΔΟΞΑ (doxa) comes from the Greek verb δοκέω (dokeō), meaning 'to seem, to appear, to think, to suppose'. Over time, it evolved to mean 'opinion, reputation, honor, and then glory'.

G5101

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Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective

Sounds like: TEES

Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing

Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.

Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G1437

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Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: eh-AHN

Translations: if, when, whenever, although

Notes: ἘΑΝ is a conditional conjunction used to introduce a protasis (the 'if' clause) in a conditional sentence. It typically takes the subjunctive mood, indicating a condition that is possible, probable, or hypothetical. It can be translated as 'if', 'when', or 'whenever', depending on the nuance of the condition, and sometimes 'although' in concessive clauses.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΙ, ὍΤΑΝ

Etymology: ἘΑΝ is a contraction of the conditional particle εἰ (ei, 'if') and the modal particle ἄν (an), which adds a sense of contingency or possibility to the condition.

G2192

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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: EKH-on-tah

Translations: having, holding, possessing, keeping, holding fast, the one having

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'having' or 'holding'. It describes an ongoing action of possession or holding. It can function adjectivally, describing a noun that 'has' something, or adverbially, indicating the manner in which an action is performed (e.g., 'while having'). In the provided examples, it describes things that 'do not have' a leader, trees 'having' branches, and 'the one having' all power.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΧΟΝΤΑ, ΚΕΚΤΗΜΕΝΟΝ

G667

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-po-DEEK-noo-ohn-tai

Translations: they are shown, they are demonstrated, they are proved, they are pointed out, they are declared

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to show forth, to demonstrate, to prove, to declare, or to point out'. It is often used in a context where something is being made clear or evident, or where evidence is being presented. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb δεικνύω (deiknuo), meaning 'to show' or 'to point out'.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Indicative, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΔΕΙΚΝΥΜΙ, ΦΑΝΕΡΟΩ, ΜΑΡΤΥΡΕΩ

G5613

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G4241

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Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: PREH-pon

Translations: fitting, proper, suitable, becoming, appropriate, as is fitting, as is proper

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'πρέπω' (prepo), meaning 'to be fitting' or 'to be proper'. It describes something that is suitable, appropriate, or becoming for a particular situation or person. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or adverbially, describing how something is done. For example, it might describe an action that is done 'as is fitting' or 'properly'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΑΡΜΟΖΟΝ, ΚΑΘΗΚΟΝ, ΕΥΠΡΕΠΕΣ

Etymology: The word 'πρέπω' (prepo) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to words meaning 'to be conspicuous' or 'to stand out', which then developed the sense of 'to be fitting' or 'to be proper' because something that stands out in a good way is appropriate.

G0254

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Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: hah-LON-tahs

Translations: having been caught, having been captured, having been conquered, those having been caught, those having been captured, those having been conquered

Notes: This word is the masculine accusative plural form of the aorist active participle of the verb ἁλίσκομαι (haliskomai). It describes individuals who have been caught, captured, or conquered. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or substantively, acting as a noun itself, referring to 'those who have been caught' or 'the captured ones'.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Masculine, Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΛΗΦΘΕΝΤΑΣ, ΚΑΤΑΛΗΦΘΕΝΤΑΣ

Etymology: The verb ἁλίσκομαι (haliskomai) is an ancient Greek verb meaning 'to be caught' or 'to be captured'. It is the passive voice of the verb αἱρέω (haireō), meaning 'to take' or 'to seize'.

G2849

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: koh-LA-zayn

Translations: to punish, to chastise, to correct, to curb, to restrain

Notes: ΚΟΛΑΖΕΙΝ is the present active infinitive form of the verb ΚΟΛΑΖΩ. It means to punish, chastise, or correct someone, often with the aim of improvement or restraint. It can be used in sentences to express the act of inflicting a penalty or discipline upon someone.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΤΙΜΩΡΕΩ, ΕΠΙΤΙΜΑΩ, ΠΑΙΔΕΥΩ

Etymology: From κόλαξ (kolax, "flatterer"), originally meaning to prune or curtail, then to chastise or punish. The root is related to the idea of cutting or lopping off, which evolved into the sense of restraining or punishing.

G1519, G1487, G1488

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb

Sounds like: E

Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are

Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).

G1161

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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G3367

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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: MAY-den

Translations: nothing, no one, none, not even one

Notes: This word is a negative indefinite pronoun or adjective, meaning 'nothing' or 'no one'. It is the neuter form of the word 'ΜΗΔΕΙΣ'. It is used to express absolute negation, particularly in contexts involving prohibitions, commands, or with subjunctive and optative moods, indicating that something should not happen or does not exist under certain conditions. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'do nothing' or 'let nothing happen'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΝ

Etymology: The word ΜΗΔΕΙΣ is a compound word formed from the negative particle ΜΗ (meaning 'not') and the numeral ΕΙΣ (meaning 'one'). It literally means 'not even one'.

G1651

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-LENG-khein

Translations: to convict, to reprove, to rebuke, to expose, to correct, to show to be guilty, to bring to light

Notes: This word means to bring to light, to expose, or to prove someone guilty. It often implies a process of examination or scrutiny that leads to a clear demonstration of truth or error. It can be used in the sense of rebuking or correcting someone by showing them their fault.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΤΙΜΑΩ, ΔΕΙΚΝΥΜΙ, ΕΞΕΛΕΓΧΩ

Etymology: The word comes from an ancient Greek root meaning 'to disgrace, to put to shame, to convict'.

G5258

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-pah-go-REH-yee

Translations: dictates, suggests, prompts, inspires

Notes: This word means to dictate, suggest, or prompt, often implying an inner voice, a principle, or a higher authority that guides or instructs. It can also mean to inspire or to put into one's mind. It is used to describe something that compels or directs an action or thought.

Inflection: 3rd Person Singular, Present Tense, Active Voice, Indicative Mood

Synonyms: ΥΠΟΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΕΝΕΡΓΩ, ΕΜΠΝΕΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ὑπο- (hypo-, 'under, secretly') and ἀγορεύω (agoreuō, 'to speak in the assembly, to proclaim'). The combination suggests speaking or prompting from beneath or secretly.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G227

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-LAY-thays

Translations: true, real, truthful, genuine, a true, a real

Notes: This word describes something that is true, real, or genuine, as opposed to false, counterfeit, or imaginary. It can refer to a person who is truthful, a statement that is accurate, or a thing that is authentic. It is often used to emphasize the reality or validity of something.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΤΥΜΟΣ, ΓΝΗΣΙΟΣ, ΑΛΗΘΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: From ἀ- (a-, 'not') and λήθω (lēthō, 'to escape notice, be hidden'), meaning 'not hidden' or 'unconcealed'.

G3056

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: LOH-goss

Translations: word, a word, reason, a reason, account, an account, speech, a speech, message, a message, report, a report, thing, a thing, matter, a matter, saying, a saying, discourse, a discourse

Notes: The word 'logos' is a fundamental term in Koine Greek with a wide range of meanings. It can refer to a spoken or written word, a statement, a message, or a command. Beyond simple communication, it also encompasses concepts like reason, logic, an account, a narrative, or even a divine utterance or principle. Its specific meaning often depends on the context in which it is used.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΡΗΜΑ, ΕΠΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb λέγω (legō), meaning 'to say, speak'. It refers to something said or thought, and its meaning evolved to encompass both speech and the underlying reason or thought.

G1223

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: dee-AH

Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G5345

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: FEE-main

Translations: report, a report, rumor, a rumor, fame, a fame, renown, a renown

Notes: This word refers to a report, rumor, or a widespread saying. It can also denote fame or renown, indicating what is said about someone or something. It is typically used to describe information that is circulating or the reputation of a person or event.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΚΟΗ, ΛΟΓΟΣ, ΟΝΟΜΑ

Etymology: From φημί (phēmi, "to say, declare"), which comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to speak, say."

G4190

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: po-nee-RAN

Translations: evil, wicked, bad, harmful, mischievous, an evil, a wicked, a bad, a harmful, a mischievous

Notes: This word describes something as evil, wicked, or bad, often with a connotation of being harmful or mischievous. It can refer to moral depravity, physical affliction, or something that causes trouble. It is used to qualify a feminine singular noun in the accusative case, indicating the direct object of an action or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΣ, ΦΑΥΛΟΣ

G0091

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-dee-KEIN

Translations: to do wrong, to harm, to injure, to be unjust, to wrong

Notes: This verb means to act unjustly, to do wrong, or to cause harm to someone. It describes an action that is contrary to justice or righteousness. It can be used in contexts where someone is treated unfairly or suffers injury due to another's actions.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ἈΔΙΚΙΑ, ἈΔΙΚΟΣ, ΒΛΑΠΤΩ

Etymology: The word Ἀδικέω (adikeō) comes from the adjective ἄδικος (adikos), meaning 'unjust', which is formed from the negative prefix ἀ- (a-) and δίκη (dikē), meaning 'justice' or 'right'. Thus, it literally means 'to be without justice' or 'to act unjustly'.

G3123

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Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: MAHL-lon

Translations: more, rather, much more, especially

Notes: This word is a comparative adverb meaning 'more' or 'rather'. It is used to indicate a preference, a greater degree, or an intensification of something. It often appears in contexts where a comparison is being made, suggesting that one thing is true to a greater extent than another, or that one action is preferred over another. For example, it can mean 'more' in terms of quantity or intensity, or 'rather' when expressing a choice or preference.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΛΕΟΝ, ΜΑΛΙΣΤΑ

Etymology: ΜΑΛΛΟΝ is a comparative adverb derived from an obsolete positive form related to the concept of 'much' or 'very'. It functions as the comparative degree of this implied positive.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G0235

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Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: AL-lah

Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed

Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.

G3958

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pa-THEH-ee

Translations: to suffer, to experience, to undergo, to endure, to feel

Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'πάσχω' (pascho), meaning 'to suffer' or 'to experience'. It indicates an action of suffering or undergoing something, without specifying the subject or tense, often used in conjunction with other verbs. It can refer to both positive and negative experiences, though it often carries the connotation of hardship or pain.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΥΠΟΜΕΝΩ, ΑΝΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΚΟΠΑΘΕΩ

Etymology: The verb πάσχω (pascho) comes from an ancient Indo-European root related to feeling or experiencing. It is the root of many English words related to emotion and suffering, such as 'pathos' and 'sympathy'.

G1863

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-AH-gayn

Translations: to bring upon, to bring in, to inflict, to lead on, to introduce

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'ἐπί' (upon, to) and the verb 'ἄγω' (to lead, to bring). It generally means to bring something upon someone or something, to inflict, or to lead something in. It can be used in contexts of bringing about consequences, introducing new elements, or leading forces into a place.

Inflection: Present Active Infinitive

Synonyms: ἘΠΙΦΕΡΩ, ἘΠΙΤΙΘΗΜΙ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΑΓΩ is a compound of the preposition ἘΠΙ (upon, to) and the verb ἈΓΩ (to lead, to bring).

G3956

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PAS

Translations: all, every, whole, any, a whole

Notes: This word means 'all', 'every', or 'whole'. It is used to indicate totality or completeness. It can refer to every single item in a group, or the entirety of something. For example, 'all people' or 'the whole house'. It often takes on the meaning of 'every' when used with a singular noun, and 'all' when used with a plural noun. It can also mean 'any' in certain contexts.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words meaning 'all' or 'every' in various Indo-European languages.

G4998

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Part of Speech: Adjective, Participle

Sounds like: SOH-froh-NOHN

Translations: sober-minded, self-controlled, discreet, sensible, prudent, of sound mind, temperate, a sober-minded one, a self-controlled one

Notes: This word describes someone who is of sound mind, self-controlled, and sensible. It implies a balanced and disciplined approach to life, often in contrast to recklessness or excess. It can be used to describe a person's character or their actions, indicating wisdom and moderation. In this form, it is a genitive plural, meaning "of those who are sober-minded" or "of the self-controlled ones."

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΕΓΚΡΑΤΗΣ, ΝΗΦΑΛΙΟΣ, ΦΡΟΝΙΜΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΣΩΦΡΩΝ (sōphrōn) is a compound word derived from two Greek terms: σῶς (sōs), meaning 'safe' or 'sound,' and φρήν (phrēn), meaning 'mind' or 'intellect.' Thus, it literally means 'of sound mind' or 'having a sound intellect.'

G0669

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-poh-fah-NEH-tah-ee

Translations: will declare, will show, will reveal, will make known, will point out

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb φαίνω (phaino), meaning 'to show' or 'to appear'. Together, it means to show forth, declare, or make known. It is used to indicate a future action where something will be revealed or declared, often by someone in authority or in a public manner.

Inflection: Future, Middle or Passive Voice, Indicative Mood, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΔΗΛΩΣΩ, ΦΑΝΕΡΩΣΩ

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G0756

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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ar-kho-MEH-noos

Translations: beginning, starting, commencing, leading, ruling

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle derived from the verb 'ἄρχω' (archō), meaning 'to begin' or 'to rule/lead'. In the middle voice, it often means 'to begin' or 'to be led/ruled'. It describes an action that is ongoing or in progress, indicating someone or something that is in the process of beginning or being led/ruled. It can function adjectivally or substantively.

Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Genitive, Present, Middle or Passive, Participle

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΟΝΤΑΣ, ΗΓΟΥΜΕΝΟΥΣ, ΚΑΤΑΡΧΟΜΕΝΟΥΣ

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G3588, G3778

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G0979

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: BEE-oo

Translations: of life, of livelihood, of means of living, a life

Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the noun 'ΒΙΟΣ' (bios), which refers to life, especially in the sense of one's earthly existence, way of life, or means of living. It can also refer to one's livelihood or possessions. As a genitive form, 'ΒΙΟΥ' often indicates possession, origin, or relationship, translating to 'of life' or 'of livelihood' depending on the context.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΖΩΗ, ΖΩΗΝ

Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷih₃-wo-s, meaning 'living'. It is related to the verb 'ζάω' (zaō), meaning 'to live'.

G3056

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: LOH-goo

Translations: of word, of account, of reason, of speech, of message, of saying, of statement, of report, of matter, of thing

Notes: This word refers to a word, speech, discourse, or a divine utterance. It can also mean an account, reason, or a matter/thing. In its genitive form, as seen here, it indicates possession or origin, often translated with 'of'. It is frequently used in contexts relating to communication, divine revelation, or logical reasoning.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΡΗΜΑ, ΜΥΘΟΣ, ΕΠΟΣ

G0210

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-LEEP-ton

Translations: unobtainable, incomprehensible, not to be grasped, unseizable

Notes: This adjective describes something that cannot be seized, grasped, or understood. It refers to something that is beyond human comprehension or reach, often implying a quality of being elusive or inscrutable.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΚΑΤΑΛΗΠΤΟΣ, ΑΠΡΟΣΙΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the negative prefix ἀ- (a-) meaning 'not' or 'un-', and the verbal adjective ληπτός (lēptos), meaning 'seizable' or 'graspable', derived from the verb λαμβάνω (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to grasp'.

G3930

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: par-EKH-ayn

Translations: to provide, to offer, to give, to present, to cause, to afford, to supply

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition παρά (para, meaning 'beside' or 'from') and the verb ἔχω (echō, meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'). It means to offer, provide, or supply something, often from oneself or from one's side. It can also mean to cause or afford something. It is used in contexts where one person or entity gives or presents something to another.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΠΡΟΣΦΕΡΩ, ΠΑΡΑΣΧΩ

Etymology: The word παρέχω (parechō) is a compound of the preposition παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'from', and the verb ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'.

G0846

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Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: OW

Translations: he, she, it, him, her, them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, same, very

Notes: This word is an elided form of the pronoun ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ (autos), meaning 'he, she, it' or 'himself, herself, itself'. The coronis (̓) indicates that the final vowel of the original word has been dropped due to elision, usually before a word starting with a vowel. It functions as a personal pronoun (third person) or an intensive/demonstrative pronoun, depending on its position and context in a sentence. It can refer to a person or thing already mentioned, or emphasize the subject or object.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Accusative

G3366

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: MEE-deh

Translations: neither, nor, not even, and not

Notes: ΜΗΔΕ is a compound word formed from the negative particle μή (mē, 'not') and the conjunction δέ (de, 'but, and'). It is used to introduce a negative clause, often following another negative clause, conveying the sense of 'neither...nor' or 'not even'. It is primarily used with non-indicative moods, such as the imperative or subjunctive, to express prohibitions or negative conditions.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕ

Etymology: ΜΗΔΕ is a compound word derived from the negative particle μή (mē), meaning 'not', and the postpositive conjunction δέ (de), meaning 'but' or 'and'.

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