Home / Interlinears (Beta) / Justin Martyr / First Apology of Justin Martyr / Chapter 19First Apology of Justin Martyr, Chapter 19
Interlinear version from Justin Martyr (Beta)
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G2657
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: kah-tah-no-OON-tee
Translations: to him who considers, to him who perceives, to him who understands, to him who observes, to him who notices
Notes: This word describes someone who is actively considering, perceiving, or understanding something. It implies a careful and thorough observation or mental grasp of a situation or object. It is used in a dative case, indicating the recipient of an action or the person to whom something applies.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter, Present, Active
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΙΕΝΤΙ, ΝΟΟΥΝΤΙ
G5101
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TEE
Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing
Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.
G0571
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-pis-TOH-teh-ron
Translations: more unbelievable, more incredible, more faithless, a more unbelievable thing
Notes: This word is the neuter singular comparative form of the adjective 'Ἄπιστος' (apistos), meaning 'unbelieving' or 'faithless'. As a comparative, it means 'more unbelieving' or 'more faithless', often used to describe something that is 'more unbelievable' or 'more incredible'. It can function as a predicate adjective or as a substantive meaning 'a more unbelievable thing'.
Inflection: Comparative, Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΠΙΣΤΟΤΕΡΟΣ, ΑΠΙΣΤΟΤΕΡΑ
Etymology: The word 'Ἄπιστος' (apistos) is a compound word formed from the privative alpha (α-) meaning 'not' or 'without', and 'πιστός' (pistos) meaning 'faithful' or 'believing'. Therefore, it literally means 'not faithful' or 'without faith'.
G0302
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: AHN
Translations: if, ever, might, would, should
Notes: This word is a particle used to express contingency, possibility, or potentiality. It does not have a direct English equivalent but modifies the meaning of the verb it accompanies, often indicating that an action is dependent on a condition or is hypothetical. It is frequently used with the subjunctive or optative moods to form conditional clauses or express indefinite temporal or relative clauses.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The origin of this particle is uncertain, but it is believed to be an ancient particle in Greek, possibly related to the concept of 'on' or 'up' in some contexts, though its primary function became conditional.
G3123
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: MAHL-lon
Translations: more, rather, much more, especially
Notes: This word is a comparative adverb meaning 'more' or 'rather'. It is used to indicate a preference, a greater degree, or an intensification of something. It often appears in contexts where a comparison is being made, suggesting that one thing is true to a greater extent than another, or that one action is preferred over another. For example, it can mean 'more' in terms of quantity or intensity, or 'rather' when expressing a choice or preference.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΛΕΟΝ, ΜΑΛΙΣΤΑ
Etymology: ΜΑΛΛΟΝ is a comparative adverb derived from an obsolete positive form related to the concept of 'much' or 'very'. It functions as the comparative degree of this implied positive.
G1391
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: DOX-ai
Translations: glories, honors, splendors, reputations, opinions, judgments
Notes: This word is a noun referring to glory, honor, splendor, or reputation. It can also mean opinion or judgment, especially in philosophical contexts. It is the plural form of the word ΔΟΞΑ.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Dative or Vocative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΤΙΜΑΙ, ΚΛΕΗ, ΕΥΦΗΜΙΑΙ
G2228, G3588
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Definite Article, Numeral
Sounds like: AY
Translations: or, the, 8
Notes: This word can function as a conjunction meaning 'or', indicating an alternative or choice between two or more options. It can also be the feminine nominative singular form of the definite article 'the', used to specify a feminine noun that is the subject of a sentence. The '̓' (coronis) indicates that this form is an elision, meaning it's a shortened form of a word like ἤ (e.g., when followed by a vowel). Additionally, the '̓' could be a keraia, indicating the numeral 8.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as conjunction or numeral); Singular, Nominative, Feminine (as definite article)
Etymology: The conjunction ἤ (e.g., from which Ἠ is an elision) is of uncertain origin. The definite article ἡ (from which Ἠ is an elision) comes from Proto-Indo-European. The numeral meaning is derived from the Greek letter eta (Η), which was used to represent the number 8.
G1519, G1487, G1488
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb
Sounds like: E
Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are
Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).
G1722
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: en
Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).
Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.
G4983
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: SOH-mah-tee
Translations: to a body, to the body, to a person, to the person, to a slave, to the slave
Notes: This word refers to a body, whether human or animal, or even a collective body like a community. It can also refer to a person or, in some contexts, a slave. The form ΣΩΜΑΤΙ indicates the dative case, meaning it typically answers the question 'to whom?' or 'to what?' and often functions as an indirect object or indicates location or instrument.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΣΑΡΞ, ΧΡΩΣ
G3361
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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb
Sounds like: MAY
Translations: not, lest, no, do not
Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.
G5225
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: hoo-PEER-kho-men
Translations: we were, we existed, we had been, we were present
Notes: This word describes a continuous state of being or existence in the past. It indicates that 'we' were in a particular state or condition, or that 'we' were present somewhere, over a period of time in the past.
Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Plural
Synonyms: ΗΜΕΝ, ΕΓΕΝΟΜΕΘΑ
G5101
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Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective
Sounds like: TEES
Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing
Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.
Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.
Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EH-leh-gen
Translations: he was saying, he said, he spoke, he was speaking
Notes: This word is the third person singular imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'λέγω' (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. The imperfect tense describes an ongoing, continuous, or repeated action in the past. Therefore, 'ἐλεγεν' indicates that 'he was saying' or 'he used to say' something, rather than a single completed action.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Imperfect, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΦΗΜΙ, ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΕἸΠΩ
G1537
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EK
Translations: out of, from, of
Notes: ἘΚ is a preposition meaning 'out of' or 'from,' indicating origin, source, or separation. It always governs the genitive case, meaning the noun or pronoun following it will be in the genitive form. It can also be used to express the cause or means by which something occurs.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἈΠΌ
Etymology: From a primary preposition, meaning 'out of' or 'from'. It is a fundamental word in Greek, indicating separation or origin.
G3398
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: mee-KRAS
Translations: small, little, a little, short, humble, unimportant, of little account
Notes: This word describes something as being small in size, quantity, or importance. It can refer to physical smallness, a short duration of time, or a humble or insignificant status. It is often used to contrast with something large or great.
Inflection: Feminine, Singular, Genitive or Feminine, Plural, Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΛΙΓΟΣ, ΕΛΑΧΙΣΤΟΣ
G5100
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: TI-nos
Translations: of someone, of something, of anyone, of anything, of a certain one, of a certain thing, of what, of whom, whose
Notes: ΤΙΝΟΣ is the genitive singular form of the indefinite or interrogative pronoun 'τις'. As an indefinite pronoun, it refers to an unspecified person or thing, often translated as 'someone' or 'something'. As an interrogative pronoun, it asks about the identity or nature of a person or thing, translated as 'whose' or 'of what'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
Synonyms: ΤΙΝΩΝ, ΤΙΝΙ, ΤΙΝΑ
G4473
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: rah-NEE-doss
Translations: (of) a drop, (of) drop
Notes: This word refers to a small quantity of liquid, specifically a drop. It is used to denote a very small amount or a single unit of liquid. In this form, it is in the genitive case, indicating possession or origin, often translated with 'of'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The word ῥανίς (rhanis) comes from the verb ῥαίνω (rhainō), meaning 'to sprinkle' or 'to pour'. It refers to something that is sprinkled or falls in drops.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: THAYS
Translations: of the
Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G0442
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: an-throh-PEY-oo
Translations: of human, of man, of humanity, human, man's
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'human' or 'pertaining to man'. It describes something that belongs to or is characteristic of human beings. It is often used to distinguish something from the divine or animal. For example, 'human wisdom' or 'human nature'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΒΡΟΤΕΙΟΣ, ΑΝΘΡΩΠΙΚΟΣ
G4690
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: sper-MA-tos
Translations: of seed, of offspring, of descendants, of children, of sperm
Notes: This word refers to seed, offspring, or descendants. It is often used in a literal sense for biological seed, but also metaphorically for the lineage or progeny of a person or group.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΓΕΝΟΣ, ΤΕΚΝΟΝ, ΕΚΓΟΝΟΣ
G1415
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: doo-NAH-ton
Translations: able, powerful, mighty, possible, strong, a powerful one
Notes: This word describes something or someone as being able, powerful, or mighty. It can refer to a person who is strong or influential, or to something that is possible or feasible. It is often used to describe God's power or the power of individuals.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΡΟΣ, ΚΡΑΤΑΙΟΣ, ΕΝΔΥΝΑΜΟΣ
G3747
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: OS-teh-ah
Translations: bones
Notes: This word refers to the hard, rigid form of connective tissue constituting most of the skeleton of vertebrates. It is the plural form of the word for 'bone' and is used to refer to multiple bones or the skeletal structure in general.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
G5037
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle
Sounds like: TEH
Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.
G3586
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: NEV-rah
Translations: sinews, nerves, bowstrings, thongs, a sinew, a nerve, a bowstring, a thong
Notes: This word refers to the fibrous tissues in the body, such as sinews, tendons, or nerves. It can also refer to objects made from such materials, like bowstrings or thongs, emphasizing their strength and elasticity. It is used to describe both biological structures and man-made items that share similar properties.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter; or Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΤΕΝΩΝ, ΙΣ
Etymology: The word ΝΕΥΡΑ is derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)neh₁u- meaning 'sinew, tendon'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages referring to similar fibrous structures.
G4561
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: sar-KAS
Translations: flesh, meat, the flesh, the meat
Notes: This word refers to flesh, meat, or the body. It is often used to describe the physical substance of living beings, including humans and animals. In some contexts, it can also refer to human nature or the physical aspect of a person, as opposed to the spiritual. It is used here in the accusative plural, indicating the direct object of an action.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΩΜΑ, ΚΡΕΑΣ
G1504, G4160
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ee-koh-noh-poy-ee-THEN-tah
Translations: having been made into an image, having been formed, having been portrayed
Notes: This is a compound word, formed from 'εἰκών' (image) and 'ποιέω' (to make). It describes something that has undergone the process of being made into an image or likeness. It refers to something that has been depicted, portrayed, or formed into a specific representation. It is used to describe the state of an object or person after being transformed into an image.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Neuter
Synonyms: ΜΟΡΦΩΘΕΝΤΑ, ἈΠΕΙΚΟΝΙΣΘΕΝΤΑ
G3634
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb
Sounds like: OY-ah
Translations: such as, of what sort, what kind of, as, like, as great as, as much as
Notes: This word is an adjective or adverb used to express comparison or quality. As an adjective, it means 'such as' or 'of what sort,' describing the nature or kind of something. As an adverb, it means 'as' or 'like,' indicating similarity or manner. It can also be used in exclamations to express wonder or surprise, meaning 'what a!' or 'how great!'.
Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular; Feminine, Accusative, Singular; Neuter, Nominative, Plural; Neuter, Accusative, Plural
Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ
G3708
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: oh-ROH-men
Translations: we see, we behold, we perceive
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to see' or 'to perceive'. It is used to describe the act of observing something with one's eyes or understanding something mentally. It can be used in various contexts, such as seeing a physical object, understanding a concept, or experiencing an event.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, First Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ, ΕΙΔΟΝ
Etymology: The word ΟΡΑΩ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *wer- 'to perceive, to watch'. It is related to Latin 'vereor' (to revere, to fear) and Sanskrit 'varati' (to choose, to wish).
G1096
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ge-NEH-sthai
Translations: to become, to be, to happen, to come to pass, to arise, to be made, to be born
Notes: This word is the aorist middle infinitive form of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai). It signifies the action of coming into being, happening, or being made. It can also mean to be born or to arise. As an infinitive, it often functions like 'to become' or 'to happen' in English, frequently used after verbs that express desire, ability, or necessity.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΠΟΙΕΩ
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ess-TOH
Translations: let him be, let it be, be it, let her be
Notes: This word is the third person singular present active imperative form of the verb 'to be'. It is used to express a command, permission, or a wish for something to happen or for someone to be in a certain state. It can be translated as 'let him/her/it be' or simply 'be it'.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Active, Imperative
G1063
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: gar
Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.
G3568
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: NOON
Translations: now, at present, at this time
Notes: ΝΥΝ is an adverb meaning 'now' or 'at present'. It refers to the current moment in time. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a conclusion in a discourse, indicating a shift to the present situation or a logical consequence.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΡΤΙ, ΗΔΗ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now'. It is cognate with Latin nunc and English 'now'.
G1909
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix
Sounds like: EHF
Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, because of, with, by
Notes: This word is an elided form of the Greek preposition ἘΠΊ (epi), which means 'on,' 'upon,' or 'over.' The final vowel of ἘΠΊ is dropped before a word beginning with a vowel, especially a rough breathing mark, resulting in ἘΦ. Its precise meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it means 'on' or 'upon' (of place or time); with the dative, it means 'on,' 'at,' 'by,' or 'for' (of position or cause); and with the accusative, it means 'on,' 'to,' 'against,' or 'over' (of motion or purpose). It is also commonly used as a prefix in compound words.
Inflection: Does not inflect; it is an elided form of the preposition ἘΠΊ. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs (Genitive, Dative, or Accusative).
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.
G5287
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: hoo-po-THEH-seh-ohs
Translations: of a subject, of a theme, of a topic, of a proposition, of a hypothesis, of a supposition, of a foundation, of a basis
Notes: This word refers to a subject, theme, or topic under discussion, or a proposition or supposition that serves as a basis for argument or action. It can also refer to a foundation or basis upon which something is built or established. It is often used in contexts where a specific matter or argument is being presented or explored.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΘΕΜΑ, ΥΠΟΚΕΙΜΕΝΟΝ, ΑΡΧΗ
G3004
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: leh-GO-meh-non
Translations: being said, being spoken, being called, being named, what is said, what is spoken, a thing said, a thing spoken
Notes: This word is a present passive participle derived from the verb 'ΛΕΓΩ' (lego), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing something that is in the process of being said, spoken, or called. It can refer to a statement, a saying, or something that is being referred to or named.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter, Present, Passive
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΟΥΜΕΝΟΝ, ΦΑΜΕΝΟΝ
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Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral
Sounds like: EE-oh-tah
Translations: Iota, 10
Notes: This is the ninth letter of the Greek alphabet, Iota. It represents the sound 'i' as in 'machine'. In the Greek numeral system, it also represents the number 10. It is used as a vowel.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From Phoenician yōd, meaning 'arm' or 'hand'.
G3377
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: MIN
Translations: him, her, it
Notes: This word is an enclitic pronoun, meaning it leans on the preceding word and often loses its own accent. It serves as the accusative singular form of the third-person pronoun, meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it'. It is often used in place of the more common forms like αὐτόν, αὐτήν, or αὐτό, especially in older or poetic Koine Greek texts.
Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΝ, ΑΥΤΗΝ, ΑΥΤΟ
Etymology: The word ΜΙΝ is an ancient enclitic form of the third-person pronoun, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It was more common in older forms of Greek and persisted into Koine, though less frequently than other pronoun forms.
G3776
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: oo-SEE
Translations: (to) substance, (to) essence, (to) property, (to) wealth
Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the noun 'οὐσία' (ousia). It refers to one's possessions, property, or wealth, but can also denote the fundamental nature or essence of something. In this dative plural form, it indicates the indirect object of an action, meaning 'to' or 'for' substances, properties, or wealth.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ὙΠΑΡΧΟΝΤΑ, ΚΤΗΜΑΤΑ, ΠΛΟΥΤΟΣ
G5108
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun
Sounds like: toy-OO-toys
Translations: such, such a, such as these, of such, to such
Notes: This word is a demonstrative adjective or pronoun meaning 'such' or 'of such a kind'. It is used to refer to something that has just been mentioned or is implied by the context, indicating its nature or quality. It can function as an adjective modifying a noun or as a pronoun standing in for a noun.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΤΟΙΟΣΔΕ, ΤΟΣΟΣ
G3366
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: MEE-deh
Translations: neither, nor, not even, and not
Notes: ΜΗΔΕ is a compound word formed from the negative particle μή (mē, 'not') and the conjunction δέ (de, 'but, and'). It is used to introduce a negative clause, often following another negative clause, conveying the sense of 'neither...nor' or 'not even'. It is primarily used with non-indicative moods, such as the imperative or subjunctive, to express prohibitions or negative conditions.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕ
Etymology: ΜΗΔΕ is a compound word derived from the negative particle μή (mē), meaning 'not', and the postpositive conjunction δέ (de), meaning 'but' or 'and'.
G5108
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: toy-OO-tone
Translations: of such, of such a kind, of this kind, of that kind
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'such' or 'of such a kind'. It is used to describe something that is of the nature or quality previously mentioned or implied. In this inflected form, it functions as a genitive plural, indicating possession or relationship, often translated as 'of such (things/people)'. It can refer to both people and things.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders
Synonyms: ΟΙΟΣ, ΤΟΣΟΥΤΟΣ
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EH-leh-geh
Translations: he was saying, he said, he spoke, he was speaking
Notes: This word is the third person singular imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'λέγω' (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. The imperfect tense describes an ongoing, continuous, or repeated action in the past. So, 'he was saying' or 'he kept on saying' are common translations, emphasizing the duration or repetition of the action.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Imperfect, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΦΗΜΙ, ΕΙΠΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G4690
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: SPER-mah
Translations: seed, a seed, offspring, descendants, children, posterity
Notes: This word refers to 'seed' in a literal sense, like the seed from which a plant grows. It is also commonly used metaphorically to mean 'offspring' or 'descendants', referring to a lineage or posterity. It can be used in contexts like 'the seed of Abraham' to mean Abraham's descendants.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΓΕΝΟΣ, ΓΕΝΝΗΜΑ
Etymology: The word 'σπέρμα' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *sper- meaning 'to strew, sow'. It is related to the verb 'σπείρω' (speirō), meaning 'to sow'.
G0443
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: an-THROH-pee-on
Translations: human, a human thing, humanly, of man, human nature
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'human' or 'of man'. It describes something that pertains to humanity, is characteristic of humans, or is done in a human manner. It can refer to human nature, human affairs, or anything that originates from or belongs to a person.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΒΡΟΤΕΙΟΣ, ΘΝΗΤΟΣ
G1166
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: DEIK-noos
Translations: showing, pointing out, making known, explaining
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb meaning 'to show' or 'to point out'. It describes someone or something that is in the act of showing, pointing out, or making something known. It can be used to describe an action happening concurrently with the main verb of a sentence.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΝΔΕΙΚΝΥΜΙ, ΑΠΟΔΕΙΚΝΥΜΙ
G1504
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ee-KOH-nah
Translations: image, an image, likeness, a likeness, representation, a representation
Notes: This word refers to an image, likeness, or representation of something. It can be used to describe a physical statue or idol, or a more abstract concept like a reflection or a resemblance. It often implies a close correspondence or similarity to the original.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΜΟΙΩΜΑ, ΤΥΠΟΣ, ΜΟΡΦΗ
G1123
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: grap-TEEN
Translations: written, a written (thing)
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'written'. It describes something that has been put down in writing, such as a letter, a law, or a record. It is often used to distinguish something that is recorded from something that is spoken or unrecorded.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΓΕΓΡΑΜΜΕΝΗΝ
Etymology: The word ΓΡΑΦΩ (graphō), from which ΓΡΑΠΤΗΝ is derived, comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵrebʰ-, meaning 'to scratch, to carve'. This root is also the origin of English words like 'graphic' and 'grammar'.
G5108
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun
Sounds like: toy-OO-deh
Translations: of such, of such a kind, of such a sort
Notes: This word is a demonstrative adjective or pronoun that refers to something of a specific quality, kind, or sort, often implying a comparison or reference to something previously mentioned or understood. It is used to describe the nature or character of a person or thing.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΙΟΣ, ΤΟΣΟΣ
G5108
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: toy-ON-deh
Translations: such, such a kind, such a sort, a such, such a thing
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'such' or 'of such a kind'. It is an emphatic form of the word 'τοῖος' (toios), adding emphasis to the quality or nature being described. It is used to refer to something that is of the kind or quality just mentioned or implied.
Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΤΟΙΟΥΤΟΣ, ΤΟΣΟΣ
G1226
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: dee-ah-beh-bah-ee-OO-meh-nos
Translations: being affirmed, being confirmed, being asserted, being established
Notes: This word is a present passive participle, meaning 'being affirmed' or 'being confirmed'. It describes something that is in the process of being made certain or established. It is a compound word formed from διά (dia, 'through, thoroughly') and βεβαιόω (bebaioō, 'to make firm, confirm'). It functions adjectivally, describing a noun that is undergoing this process of affirmation or confirmation.
Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Masculine or Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Singular
Synonyms: ΒΕΒΑΙΟΥΜΕΝΟΣ, ΚΥΡΟΥΜΕΝΟΣ
G4250
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction
Sounds like: PRIN
Translations: before, sooner, until, ere
Notes: This word functions as an adverb or a conjunction, indicating a point in time prior to another event or action. As an adverb, it means 'before' or 'sooner'. As a conjunction, it means 'before' or 'until', often introducing a clause that describes an event that has not yet happened. It is frequently used with an infinitive or a subjunctive verb.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *per- (forward, through). It is related to the preposition πρό (pro, before).
G3708
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ee-DEIN
Translations: to see, to perceive, to behold, to look, to know, to understand
Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'ὁράω' (horao), meaning 'to see'. It is used to express the action of seeing or perceiving in a general sense, often without a specific time frame. It can also imply understanding or knowing something through observation. For example, it might be used in a sentence like 'He desired to see the truth' or 'It is good to see the light'.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ, ΕΠΙΒΛΕΠΩ
Etymology: The verb 'ὁράω' (horao) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to see'. The aorist stem 'ἰδ-' (id-) is derived from a different, but related, Proto-Indo-European root, which also means 'to see' or 'to know'.
G1096
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: geh-NO-meh-non
Translations: having become, having happened, having been, having been born, that which has come into being, a thing that has happened
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ginomai', meaning 'to become' or 'to happen'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred. It can function as an adjective, describing a noun, or as a noun itself, referring to 'that which has come into being' or 'a thing that has happened'. It implies a state of being or an event that has taken place.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Singular, Neuter
Synonyms: ΓΕΓΟΝΟΣ, ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ
G4100
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ep-is-TEV-sa-teh
Translations: you believed, you did believe, you have believed
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to believe', 'to trust', or 'to have faith in'. It is used here in the aorist tense, indicating a past action that was completed. The prefix 'ἐπι-' (epi-) can intensify the meaning or indicate 'upon' or 'in addition to', but in this context with 'πιστεύω', it primarily emphasizes the act of placing trust or faith in something or someone. The form 'ἐπιστεύσατε' specifically refers to 'you all' (plural) who believed.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Second Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΕΠΟΙΘΑ, ΠΕΙΘΩ, ΕΛΠΙΖΩ
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OOK
Translations: not, no
Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.
G5111
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: tol-MAY-see-en
Translations: he might dare, he might venture, he might be bold, he might presume
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to dare', 'to venture', 'to be bold', or 'to presume'. It is used to express the idea of having the courage or audacity to do something. The form 'ΤΟΛΜΗΣΕΙΕΝ' is in the optative mood, which often expresses a wish, a potential, or a hypothetical situation.
Inflection: Aorist, Optative, Active, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΘΑΡΡΕΩ, ΤΟΛΜΗΡΟΝ
G0471
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: an-TEI-pein
Translations: to speak against, to contradict, to gainsay, to object, to refuse
Notes: This word is an aorist active infinitive verb, meaning 'to speak against' or 'to contradict'. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ἀντί (anti), meaning 'against' or 'opposite', and the verb εἶπον (eidon), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to describe the act of opposing someone or something verbally, or to refuse to comply.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ἈΝΤΙΛΕΓΕΙΝ, ἈΝΘΙΣΤΑΣΘΑΙ, ἈΡΝΕΙΣΘΑΙ
Etymology: The word ἀντειπεῖν is formed from the prefix ἀντί (anti), meaning 'against' or 'opposite', and the aorist stem of the verb λέγω (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'.
G3588
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: the
Notes: This word is the masculine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a particular masculine noun that is the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'he saw the man' or 'towards the God'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed to function as a marker of definiteness in Greek.
G0846
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: him, it, himself, itself
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun, typically meaning 'him' or 'it' when used as a personal pronoun. It can also be used intensively to mean 'himself' or 'itself', emphasizing the subject or object. It refers to a previously mentioned male person or a neuter object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter
G3767
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: OON
Translations: therefore, then, accordingly, consequently, so, now, indeed
Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or continuation. It often introduces a conclusion or a statement that follows from what has just been said. It can also be used to resume a narrative or to emphasize a point, sometimes translated as 'now' or 'indeed' in such contexts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂u, a particle indicating 'away from'. In Greek, it developed into a particle of inference or transition.
G5158
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: TRO-pon
Translations: way, manner, a way, a manner, custom, a custom, fashion, a fashion
Notes: This word refers to a way, manner, or custom in which something is done. It describes the method or style of an action or event. For example, it can be used to say 'in this way' or 'after the manner of'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΔΟΣ, ΜΕΘΟΔΟΣ, ΕΘΟΣ
G1223
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: dee-AH
Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.
G3381
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: MAY-poh
Translations: not yet, no longer yet
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'not yet' or 'no longer yet'. It is used to indicate that something has not occurred up to the present time, but implies that it might happen in the future. It combines the negative particle 'μή' (not) with the indefinite adverb 'πω' (yet).
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥΠΩ
Etymology: From the negative particle ΜΗ (not) and the indefinite adverb ΠΩ (yet).
G3708
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-oh-RAH-keh-nai
Translations: to have seen, to have perceived, to have looked at, to have observed
Notes: This is the perfect active infinitive form of the verb 'ὁράω' (horao), meaning 'to see'. As a perfect infinitive, it describes an action that has been completed and whose results are still in effect. It functions as a verbal noun, often used after verbs that express desire, ability, or necessity, indicating the completed action of seeing or perceiving.
Inflection: Perfect, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΕΙΔΟΝ
G5210
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: hoo-MAS
Translations: you, you all
Notes: This is a second-person plural personal pronoun, meaning 'you' or 'you all'. It is in the accusative case, indicating that it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used in a sentence like 'He saw you all'.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Second Person, All genders
G0450
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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)
Sounds like: ah-nah-STAN-tah
Translations: having stood up, having risen, having arisen, having raised, having been raised
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'anistēmi', meaning 'to stand up' or 'to rise'. As an aorist active participle, it describes an action that has been completed in the past, performed by the subject. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or adverbially, indicating the circumstances or time of another action. For example, it could describe someone who has stood up and then done something else, or someone who has risen from the dead.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine, Aorist Active Participle
Synonyms: ΕΓΕΙΡΩ, ΟΡΘΟΩ
G3498
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: NEK-ron
Translations: dead, a dead one, a dead person, a corpse, a dead thing
Notes: This word describes something that has ceased to live or is lifeless. It can refer to a deceased person or animal, or more broadly to anything that is inanimate or without life. In a figurative sense, it can also describe something that is spiritually inert or unproductive.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Feminine; or Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΘΑΝΩΝ, ΤΕΘΝΗΚΩΣ
G0570
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-pis-TEE-ah
Translations: unbelief, faithlessness, distrust, an unbelief
Notes: This word refers to a state of lacking faith, trust, or conviction. It can describe a general absence of belief, a specific act of distrust, or a condition of being unconvinced. It is often used in contrast to 'faith' or 'belief'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ἈΠΕΙΘΕΙΑ, ΔΥΣΠΙΣΤΙΑ
Etymology: This word is a compound noun formed from the negative prefix 'ἀ-' (a-, meaning 'not' or 'without') and 'πίστις' (pistis, meaning 'faith' or 'trust'). Thus, it literally means 'not faith' or 'without faith'.
G2192
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EKH-ei
Translations: he has, she has, it has, he holds, she holds, it holds, he possesses, she possesses, it possesses
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to have', 'to hold', or 'to possess'. It is used to indicate ownership, possession, or a state of being. For example, it can describe someone having an object, a quality, or a particular condition.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΚΤΩΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ
G0243
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Part of Speech: Prefix
Sounds like: ALL
Translations: other, another, different, foreign
Notes: This is a prefix form of the word 'ἄλλος' (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to form compound words that convey the idea of something being different, foreign, or belonging to another group. For example, 'ἀλλογενῶν' means 'of other races', 'ἀλλότριοι' means 'strangers' or 'foreigners', and 'ἀλλόφυλους' means 'foreigners' or 'of another tribe'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix)
Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ON
Translations: being, existing, a being, that which is
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'being' or 'existing'. It describes something that is in a state of being or existence. As a neuter singular form, it often refers to 'that which is' or 'a being', and can function as a noun.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΟΝ, ΓΙΝΟΜΕΝΟΝ
G3588
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TANE
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.
G0746
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ar-KHAIN
Translations: beginning, a beginning, rule, a rule, ruler, a ruler, authority, an authority, domain, a domain, first, the first
Notes: This word refers to the starting point of something, such as a beginning in time or a foundational principle. It can also denote a position of power or authority, or the person holding such a position, like a ruler or leader. It is often used to describe the origin or initial state of things.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΕΦΑΛΗ, ΠΡΩΤΟΣ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑ
G5108
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: toy-OO-tooss
Translations: such, such a kind, such as these, such people
Notes: This word is a demonstrative adjective meaning 'such' or 'of such a kind'. It is used to refer to persons or things that have been previously mentioned or are implied by the context. It describes the quality or nature of something, indicating that it is of the type or character just described or understood.
Inflection: Masculine or Feminine, Plural, Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΙΟΣ, ΤΟΣΟΥΤΟΣ
Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun 'οὗτος' (this) and the correlative particle 'τοῖος' (such).
G3708
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: oh-RAH-teh
Translations: see, look, beware, take heed, perceive, observe
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to see' or 'to look'. It is often used in the imperative to tell someone to 'look!' or 'behold!', or to 'beware' or 'take heed' of something. It can also mean to perceive or observe something with the mind.
Inflection: Present, Active, Imperative, Second Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ, ΕΙΔΟΝ
Etymology: From an ancient root meaning 'to see'.
G1096
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ghee-NO-meh-noos
Translations: becoming, being, happening, coming to be, being born, being made, being done
Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle derived from the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai). It describes something that is in the process of becoming, happening, or being made. It can refer to events that are taking place, people who are being born or coming into existence, or things that are being created or done. It often conveys a sense of ongoing development or occurrence.
Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive Voice, Masculine, Plural, Accusative Case
Synonyms: ΓΕΝΝΑΩ, ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΕΙΜΙ
G3049
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: loh-gee-SAH-stheh
Translations: consider, reckon, think, calculate, account, impute
Notes: This word refers to the act of carefully considering, calculating, or reasoning about something. It implies a deliberate mental process of weighing facts or possibilities. It can also mean to count or to attribute something to someone.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle/Passive, Imperative, Second Person Plural
Synonyms: ΝΟΕΩ, ΔΙΑΛΟΓΙΖΟΜΑΙ, ΣΥΛΛΟΓΙΖΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: From λόγος (logos), meaning 'word, reason, account,' and the suffix -ίζω (-izō), forming verbs. The middle voice suffix -ομαι (-omai) indicates an action performed by the subject on themselves or for their own benefit.
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