First Apology of Justin Martyr Chapter 5, Interlinear version from Justin Martyr (Beta)

First Apology of Justin Martyr, Chapter 5

Interlinear version from Justin Martyr (Beta)

5:1

ΤΙ
- TI
- what
ΔΗ
- DĒ
- then
ΟΥ̓Ν
- OUN
- therefore
ΤΟΥΤ
- TOUT
- this
ἈΝ
- AN
- (would)
ΕἸΗ
- EIĒ
- be
ἘΦ
- EPH
- against
ΗΜΩΝ
- ĒMŌN
- of-us
ΥΠΙΣΧΝΟΥΜΕΝΩΝ
- YPISCHNOUMENŌN
- promising
ΜΗΔΕΝ
- MĒDEN
- nothing
ἈΔΙΚΕΙΝ
- ADIKEIN
- to-do-wrong
ΜΗΔΕ
- MĒDE
- nor
ΤΑ
- TA
- the
ἈΘΕΑ
- ATHEA
- godless
ΤΑΥΤΑ
- TAUTA
- these
ΔΟΞΑΖΕΙΝ
- DOXAZEIN
- to-glorify
ΟΥ̓
- OU
- not
ΚΡΙΣΕΙΣ
- KRISEIS
- judgments
ἘΞΕΤΑΖΕΤΕ
- EXETAZETE
- do-you-examine
ἈΛΛΑ
- ALLA
- but
ἈΛΟΓΩ
- ALOGŌ
- by-irrational
ΠΑΘΕΙ
- PATHEI
- suffering
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΜΑΣΤΙΓΙ
- MASTIGI
- by-scourge
ΔΑΙΜΟΝΩΝ
- DAIMONŌN
- of-demons
ΦΑΥΛΩΝ
- PHAULŌN
- evil
ἘΞΕΛΑΥΝΟΜΕΝΟΙ
- EXELAUNOMENOI
- being-driven-out
ἈΚΡΙΤΩΣ
- AKRITŌS
- without-judgment
ΚΟΛΑΖΕΤΕ
- KOLAZETE
- you-punish
ΜΗ
- MĒ
- not
ΦΡΟΝΤΙΖΟΝΤΕΣ
- PHRONTIZONTES
- caring
ΕἸΡΗΣΕΤΑΙ
- EIRĒSETAI
- for-it-will-be-said
ΓΑΡ
- GAR
- for
ΤἈΛΗΘΕΣ
- TALĒTHES
- the-truth
ἘΠΕΙ
- EPEI
- since
ΤΟ
- TO
- the
ΠΑΛΑΙΟΝ
- PALAION
- ancient
ΔΑΙΜΟΝΕΣ
- DAIMONES
- demons
ΦΑΥΛΟΙ
- PHAULOI
- evil
ἘΠΙΦΑΝΕΙΑΣ
- EPIPHANEIAS
- appearances
ΠΟΙΗΣΑΜΕΝΟΙ
- POIĒSAMENOI
- having-made
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΓΥΝΑΙΚΑΣ
- GYNAIKAS
- women
ἘΜΟΙΧΕΥΣΑΝ
- EMOICHEUSAN
- they-committed-adultery-with
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΠΑΙΔΑΣ
- PAIDAS
- children
ΔΙΕΦΘΕΙΡΑΝ
- DIEPHTHEIRAN
- they-corrupted
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΦΟΒΗΤΡΑ
- PHOBĒTRA
- terrors
ἈΝΘΡΩΠΟΙΣ
- ANTHRŌPOIS
- to-humans
ἘΔΕΙΞΑΝ
- EDEIXAN
- they-showed
ΩΣ
- ŌS
- so-that
ΚΑΤΑΠΛΑΓΗΝΑΙ
- KATAPLAGĒNAI
- to-be-struck-with-awe
ΤΟΥΣ
- TOUS
- the
ΟΙ
- OI
- ones-who
ΛΟΓΩ
- LOGŌ
- by-reason
ΤΑΣ
- TAS
- the
ΓΙΝΟΜΕΝΑΣ
- GINOMENAS
- happening
ΠΡΑΞΕΙΣ
- PRAXEIS
- deeds
ΟΥ̓Κ
- OUK
- not
ἘΚΡΙΝΟΝ
- EKRINON
- judged
ἈΛΛΑ
- ALLA
- but
ΔΕΕΙ
- DEEI
- by-fear
ΣΥΝΗΡΠΑΣΜΕΝΟΙ
- SYNĒRPASMENOI
- having-been-seized
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΜΗ
- MĒ
- not

G5101

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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE

Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing

Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.

G3767

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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OON

Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.

G3778

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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TOOT

Translations: this, that, this one, that one, of this, of that, to this, to that

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the demonstrative pronoun and adjective 'οὗτος' (houtos), meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something specific, either nearby or previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it can stand alone, referring to a person or thing. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, agreeing with it in gender, number, and case. Its meaning can shift slightly depending on the context, often emphasizing proximity or a specific reference.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

G0302

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Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: AHN

Translations: if, ever, might, would, should

Notes: This word is a particle used to express contingency, possibility, or potentiality. It does not have a direct English equivalent but modifies the meaning of the verb it accompanies, often indicating that an action is dependent on a condition or is hypothetical. It is frequently used with the subjunctive or optative moods to form conditional clauses or express indefinite temporal or relative clauses.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The origin of this particle is uncertain, but it is believed to be an ancient particle in Greek, possibly related to the concept of 'on' or 'up' in some contexts, though its primary function became conditional.

G1909

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: EHF

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, because of, with, by

Notes: This word is an elided form of the Greek preposition ἘΠΊ (epi), which means 'on,' 'upon,' or 'over.' The final vowel of ἘΠΊ is dropped before a word beginning with a vowel, especially a rough breathing mark, resulting in ἘΦ. Its precise meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it means 'on' or 'upon' (of place or time); with the dative, it means 'on,' 'at,' 'by,' or 'for' (of position or cause); and with the accusative, it means 'on,' 'to,' 'against,' or 'over' (of motion or purpose). It is also commonly used as a prefix in compound words.

Inflection: Does not inflect; it is an elided form of the preposition ἘΠΊ. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs (Genitive, Dative, or Accusative).

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.

G3367

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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: MAY-den

Translations: nothing, no one, none, not even one

Notes: This word is a negative indefinite pronoun or adjective, meaning 'nothing' or 'no one'. It is the neuter form of the word 'ΜΗΔΕΙΣ'. It is used to express absolute negation, particularly in contexts involving prohibitions, commands, or with subjunctive and optative moods, indicating that something should not happen or does not exist under certain conditions. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'do nothing' or 'let nothing happen'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΝ

Etymology: The word ΜΗΔΕΙΣ is a compound word formed from the negative particle ΜΗ (meaning 'not') and the numeral ΕΙΣ (meaning 'one'). It literally means 'not even one'.

G0091

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-dee-KEIN

Translations: to do wrong, to harm, to injure, to be unjust, to wrong

Notes: This verb means to act unjustly, to do wrong, or to cause harm to someone. It describes an action that is contrary to justice or righteousness. It can be used in contexts where someone is treated unfairly or suffers injury due to another's actions.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ἈΔΙΚΙΑ, ἈΔΙΚΟΣ, ΒΛΑΠΤΩ

Etymology: The word Ἀδικέω (adikeō) comes from the adjective ἄδικος (adikos), meaning 'unjust', which is formed from the negative prefix ἀ- (a-) and δίκη (dikē), meaning 'justice' or 'right'. Thus, it literally means 'to be without justice' or 'to act unjustly'.

G3366

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: MEE-deh

Translations: neither, nor, not even, and not

Notes: ΜΗΔΕ is a compound word formed from the negative particle μή (mē, 'not') and the conjunction δέ (de, 'but, and'). It is used to introduce a negative clause, often following another negative clause, conveying the sense of 'neither...nor' or 'not even'. It is primarily used with non-indicative moods, such as the imperative or subjunctive, to express prohibitions or negative conditions.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕ

Etymology: ΜΗΔΕ is a compound word derived from the negative particle μή (mē), meaning 'not', and the postpositive conjunction δέ (de), meaning 'but' or 'and'.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G0001, H0373

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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun, Proper Noun

Sounds like: ah-THEH-ah

Translations: godless, without God, unseen, invisible, ungodly, impious, Athaiah, a Godless woman

Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'godless,' 'without God,' 'ungodly,' or 'impious.' It can also be used as a noun to refer to someone who is godless or impious. In some contexts, particularly in the Septuagint, it can mean 'unseen' or 'invisible.' Additionally, 'Athea' can be a proper noun, referring to a specific person, such as Athaiah in the Old Testament.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine (for 'godless woman' or 'unseen thing'); Masculine (for 'Athaiah'); All genders (for 'godless' as an adjective)

Synonyms: ΑΣΕΒΗΣ, ΑΘΕΜΙΤΟΣ

G1392

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dox-AH-zeen

Translations: to glorify, to praise, to honor, to magnify, to esteem, to exalt

Notes: This word means to glorify, praise, or honor someone or something. It is often used to describe the act of giving glory to God or a deity, acknowledging their greatness and majesty. It can also refer to showing respect or esteem for a person or thing, or to making something appear glorious or splendid. It is a verb that indicates an action of bestowing honor or recognition.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΙΝΕΩ, ΥΜΝΕΩ, ΤΙΜΑΩ

G1839

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ex-eh-TAH-zeh-teh

Translations: you examine, you inquire, you question, you investigate, you search out, examine, inquire, question, investigate, search out

Notes: This word means to examine, inquire, question, or investigate thoroughly. It is used when someone is scrutinizing something or someone, often with the intent to discover the truth or to make a judgment. It can be used in contexts of legal inquiry, philosophical questioning, or general investigation.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative or Imperative, Second Person, Plural

Synonyms: ἘΡΕΥΝΑΩ, ΖΗΤΕΩ, ΔΟΚΙΜΑΖΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἐξετάζω (exetazō), which is a compound word formed from ἐκ (ek, 'out of') and ἐτάζω (etazō, 'to examine, test').

G0235

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Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: AL-lah

Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed

Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.

G0249

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-LOH-goh

Translations: irrational, unreasoning, without reason, unreasonable, a beast, an animal

Notes: This word describes something that is without reason, irrational, or unreasoning. It can refer to animals as 'unreasoning creatures' or to actions that are illogical or senseless. In some contexts, it can be translated as 'beast' or 'animal' when referring to creatures that lack human reason. The form ἈΛΟΓΩ is the dative singular masculine, neuter, or feminine form of the adjective.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter or Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΛΟΓΙΣΤΟΣ, ΑΝΟΗΤΟΣ

G3958

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pa-THEH-ee

Translations: to suffer, to experience, to undergo, to endure, to feel

Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'πάσχω' (pascho), meaning 'to suffer' or 'to experience'. It indicates an action of suffering or undergoing something, without specifying the subject or tense, often used in conjunction with other verbs. It can refer to both positive and negative experiences, though it often carries the connotation of hardship or pain.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΥΠΟΜΕΝΩ, ΑΝΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΚΟΠΑΘΕΩ

Etymology: The verb πάσχω (pascho) comes from an ancient Indo-European root related to feeling or experiencing. It is the root of many English words related to emotion and suffering, such as 'pathos' and 'sympathy'.

G2532

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G3148

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: MAS-tee-gee

Translations: a whip, a scourge, a plague, a disease, a calamity

Notes: This word refers to a whip or scourge, an instrument used for punishment or torture. It can also metaphorically refer to a plague, disease, or any severe affliction or calamity, often seen as a divine punishment or trial. It is used to describe something that inflicts suffering or correction.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΛΗΓΗ, ΜΑΣΤΙΞ, ΟΔΥΝΗ

Etymology: The word ΜΑΣΤΙΞ (mastix) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It is related to the verb μαστίζω (mastizō), meaning 'to whip' or 'to scourge'.

G5337

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: FOW-lon

Translations: of evil, of bad, of worthless, of base, of depraved, of corrupt

Notes: This word describes something as evil, bad, worthless, or depraved. It is used to characterize things or people that are morally corrupt or of poor quality. In the provided examples, it is used in the genitive plural to modify 'works' (ἔργων), 'angels' (ἀγγέλοι), and 'demons' (δαιμόνων), indicating that these are 'of evil' or 'evil' works, angels, or demons.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΟΝΗΡΩΝ, ΚΑΚΩΝ, ΑΧΡΕΙΩΝ

G0029

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Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: ah-KREE-tohs

Translations: without judgment, without trial, without discrimination, unjustly, rashly, indiscriminately

Notes: This adverb describes an action performed without proper judgment, consideration, or a fair trial. It implies acting rashly, unjustly, or indiscriminately, without distinguishing between right and wrong or between different people or situations. It can be used to describe actions that are done in an unfair or arbitrary manner.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΔΙΚΩΣ, ΑΛΟΓΩΣ, ΑΠΡΟΒΟΥΛΕΥΤΩΣ

G2849

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: koh-LAH-zeh-teh

Translations: you punish, you chastise, you correct, you restrain

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to punish, chastise, or correct. It can also imply restraining or curbing. It is used to describe the act of imposing a penalty or discipline upon someone, often with the intent of correction or deterrence. In a sentence, it would typically be used with a subject performing the action and an object receiving the punishment.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Second Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΤΙΜΩΡΕΩ, ΕΠΙΤΙΜΑΩ, ΝΟΥΘΕΤΕΩ

G3361

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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G5431

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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: fron-TEE-zon-tes

Translations: caring, being concerned, taking thought, those who care, those who are concerned

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'caring' or 'being concerned'. It describes an ongoing action or state of mind, often used to refer to 'those who are caring' or 'those who are concerned' about something. It implies a thoughtful and attentive attitude towards a matter or person.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΜΕΡΙΜΝΩΝΤΕΣ, ΕΠΙΜΕΛΟΥΜΕΝΟΙ

G1063

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Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G0227

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: tah-lay-THES

Translations: the truth, that which is true, true, real

Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the adjective 'ἀληθής' (alēthēs), meaning 'true' or 'real'. When used substantively, as it often is, it refers to 'the truth' or 'that which is true'. It can function as either the subject (nominative) or the direct object (accusative) in a sentence.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΛΗΘΕΙΑ, ΓΝΩΣΙΣ, ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣΥΝΗ

Etymology: The word 'ἀληθής' (alēthēs) comes from the prefix 'ἀ-' (a-), meaning 'not' or 'un-', and 'λήθη' (lēthē), meaning 'forgetfulness' or 'oblivion'. Thus, it literally means 'unforgettable' or 'not hidden', implying something that is revealed, evident, and therefore true.

G1893

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEI

Translations: since, because, for, when, after, inasmuch as

Notes: This word functions as a conjunction or adverb, introducing a clause that provides a reason, cause, or time. As a conjunction, it can mean 'since' or 'because' when indicating a cause, or 'when' or 'after' when indicating time. As an adverb, it can mean 'for' or 'inasmuch as'. It often introduces a dependent clause that explains the main clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΚΑΘΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙΔΗ

Etymology: From the preposition ἐπί (epi, 'upon, on') and the particle εἰ (ei, 'if'). It originally meant 'upon the condition that' or 'when'.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G3820

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: pa-LAI-on

Translations: old, ancient, former, an old thing, the old

Notes: This word describes something that is old, ancient, or belongs to a former time. It can refer to age, as in an old person or an old custom, or to something that existed previously, like a former covenant or an old way of life. It is often used to contrast with something new or recent.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΑΙΟΣ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From the Greek word πάλαι (palai), meaning 'long ago' or 'formerly'.

G1142

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: DAI-mo-nes

Translations: demons, divine beings, gods, deities

Notes: This word refers to divine beings or spirits. In classical Greek, it could refer to a deity, a divine power, or a lesser god, often with a neutral or even positive connotation. In the New Testament and later Koine usage, it primarily refers to evil spirits or demons, often associated with idolatry or opposing God. It is the plural form of the word.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Vocative, or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΝΕΥΜΑΤΑ, ΔΑΙΜΟΝΙΑ, ΘΕΟΙ

G2015

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ep-ee-fah-NEH-ee-as

Translations: of appearance, of manifestation, of glorious appearing, of epiphany

Notes: This word refers to an appearance, manifestation, or a glorious appearing, often with a sense of divine intervention or a sudden, striking revelation. It can describe the visible manifestation of a deity or a significant event that reveals something previously hidden. In a religious context, it often refers to the coming or manifestation of God or Christ.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΚΑΛΥΨΕΩΣ, ΦΑΝΕΡΩΣΕΩΣ

Etymology: The word ΕΠΙΦΑΝΕΙΑ (epiphaneia) comes from the Greek verb ἐπιφαίνω (epiphainō), meaning 'to appear, to show forth, to shine upon'. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon, over, to', and the verb φαίνω (phainō), meaning 'to shine, to appear'.

G4160

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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: poy-ee-SAH-meh-noy

Translations: having made, having done, having produced, having performed, having created

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ποιέω' (poieō), meaning 'to make' or 'to do'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective while retaining verbal characteristics, indicating an action that has been completed by the subject. It is often translated as 'having made' or 'having done', describing a past action that precedes or enables the main verb's action in a sentence.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΞΑΝΤΕΣ, ΕΡΓΑΣΑΜΕΝΟΙ, ΔΗΜΙΟΥΡΓΗΣΑΝΤΕΣ

G3816

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PAI-das

Translations: children, boys, servants, slaves

Notes: This word refers to children, particularly boys, but can also denote young people in general, or even servants and slaves regardless of age, depending on the context. It is used here in the accusative plural form, indicating that the children/boys/servants are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΤΕΚΝΑ, ΥΙΟΙ, ΔΟΥΛΟΙ

Etymology: The word 'ΠΑΙΣ' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'child' or 'boy'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that refer to young people or offspring.

G5400

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: FOH-bee-trah

Translations: terrors, frightening things, objects of fear

Notes: This word refers to things that cause fear or terror. It is typically used in the plural to denote a collection of frightening events or objects. For example, it might describe natural disasters or ominous signs that instill dread.

Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΔΕΙΜΑΤΑ, ΤΡΟΜΟΙ, ΦΟΒΟΙ

Etymology: The word ΦΟΒΗΤΡΟΝ (phobētron) is derived from the verb φοβέω (phobeō), meaning 'to put to flight, to terrify, to fear,' which itself comes from φόβος (phobos), meaning 'fear, terror'. The suffix -τρον indicates an instrument or means by which an action is performed, thus 'that which causes fear'.

G1166

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-DEIK-san

Translations: they showed, they pointed out, they displayed, they made known, they proved

Notes: This word is the third person plural aorist active indicative form of the verb 'δεικνυμι'. It means 'they showed' or 'they pointed out'. It describes an action completed in the past, where a group of people or things revealed or presented something to someone or something else. It can also imply demonstrating or proving something.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ἘΦΑΝΕΡΩΣΑΝ, ἘΔΗΛΩΣΑΝ, ἘΠΕΔΕΙΞΑΝ

G5613

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G2685

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-plah-GEE-nai

Translations: to be struck with amazement, to be astonished, to be utterly astounded, to be overwhelmed, to be terrified

Notes: This word is the aorist passive infinitive form of the verb ΚΑΤΑΠΛΗΣΣΩ (kataplēssō), meaning 'to strike down' or 'to strike with a blow'. In the passive voice, it means 'to be struck down' or, more commonly, 'to be struck with amazement' or 'to be utterly astonished'. It describes a state of being overwhelmed by wonder, fear, or shock. It is a compound word formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'completely', and πλήσσω (plēssō), meaning 'to strike'.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΚΠΛΗΤΤΩ, ΘΑΜΒΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΑΠΛΗΣΣΩ is a compound verb formed from the prefix κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'completely', and the verb πλήσσω (plēssō), meaning 'to strike' or 'to smite'. The combination intensifies the action of striking, leading to the sense of being 'struck down' or 'overwhelmed' by an emotion like amazement or terror.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G3056

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: LO-go

Translations: (to) word, (to) reason, (to) account, (to) saying, (to) message, (to) speech, (to) matter, (to) thing, by word, by reason, by account, by saying, by message, by speech, by matter, by thing

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the noun 'ΛΟΓΟΣ' (logos). 'ΛΟΓΟΣ' is a fundamental term in Greek, meaning 'word,' 'reason,' 'account,' 'speech,' or 'message.' In its dative form 'ΛΟΓΩ,' it often indicates the indirect object of an action, the means or instrument by which something is done, or the cause or reason for something. It can be translated with prepositions like 'to,' 'for,' 'by,' or 'with,' depending on the context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΡΗΜΑ, ΜΥΘΟΣ, ΕΠΟΣ

G1096

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: gih-NOH-meh-nahs

Translations: becoming, happening, being, coming to pass, occurring, being made, being done

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ginomai', meaning 'to become', 'to happen', or 'to come into being'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing something that is in the process of becoming or happening. It can refer to things that are currently happening, things that are being made, or events that are occurring.

Inflection: Feminine, Plural, Accusative

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΑΣ, ΕΡΧΟΜΕΝΑΣ, ΣΥΜΒΑΙΝΟΥΣΑΣ

G3756

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΉ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.

G2919

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EK-ree-non

Translations: they were judging, they judged, they were deciding, they decided, they were discerning, they discerned

Notes: This word is the third person plural imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'κρίνω'. It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, meaning 'they were judging' or 'they were deciding'. It can also refer to a past action that was in progress or habitual. The verb 'κρίνω' generally means to judge, decide, discern, or separate.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΔΙΚΑΖΩ, ΑΠΟΦΑΙΝΩ, ΔΙΑΚΡΙΝΩ

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