Home / Interlinears (Beta) / Justin Martyr / First Apology of Justin Martyr / Chapter 18First Apology of Justin Martyr, Chapter 18
Interlinear version from Justin Martyr (Beta)
G0679
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-poh-BLEP-sah-teh
Translations: look away from, look intently at, consider, fix your eyes on, look!
Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning to look away from one thing and fix one's gaze upon another, often with the implication of careful consideration or attention. It is used to direct someone's focus or attention towards a specific object or idea. As an imperative, it functions as a command or exhortation to 'look!' or 'consider!'.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Imperative, Second Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΣΚΟΠΕΩ, ΕΠΙΒΛΕΠΩ
Etymology: The word ἀποβλέπω (apoblepō) is a compound of ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and βλέπω (blepō), meaning 'to look' or 'to see'. Thus, it literally means 'to look away from'.
G1063
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: gar
Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.
G4314
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PROSS
Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to
Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).
Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G5056
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: TEH-los
Translations: end, a goal, a purpose, an outcome, a completion, a tax, a custom, a duty
Notes: This word refers to an end, a goal, a purpose, or the completion of something. It can also refer to a tax or custom duty. It is often used to denote the conclusion of an event or process, or the ultimate aim or objective. In some contexts, it refers to the payment of tribute or taxes.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΠΕΡΑΣ, ΣΥΝΤΕΛΕΙΑ, ΤΕΛΕΥΤΗ
Etymology: The word ΤΕΛΟΣ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to turn, to accomplish, to fulfill'. It is related to words signifying completion, fulfillment, and the end of a process.
G1538
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-KAS-too
Translations: of each, of every, of everyone, of each one
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the adjective/pronoun 'each' or 'every'. It is used to refer to individual members of a group, emphasizing their distinctness. It can function as an adjective modifying a noun (e.g., 'of each man') or as a pronoun standing alone (e.g., 'of each one').
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word ΕΚΑΣΤΟΣ (hekastos) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the root *sek- meaning 'to cut' or 'to separate', implying 'each one separately'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G1096
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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)
Sounds like: geh-no-MEH-nohn
Translations: having become, having happened, having come to pass, of those who became, of those who happened
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ginomai', meaning 'to become', 'to happen', or 'to come into being'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective while retaining verbal characteristics, often indicating an action that has already occurred. It can describe a state of being or an event that has taken place.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΓΕΓΟΝΟΤΩΝ, ΕΓΕΝΟΝΤΟ
Etymology: The word 'ginomai' comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to come into being' or 'to be born'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey ideas of generation, birth, or becoming.
G0935
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: bah-see-LEH-ohn
Translations: of kings, of a king
Notes: This word refers to rulers, monarchs, or sovereigns. It is used to indicate possession or origin related to kings, such as 'the power of kings' or 'the sons of kings'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΗΓΕΜΩΝ
G3754
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OH-tee
Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which
Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ
Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: the
Notes: This word is the masculine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a particular masculine noun that is the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'he saw the man' or 'towards the God'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed to function as a marker of definiteness in Greek.
G2839
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: KOY-non
Translations: common, shared, public, a common thing, the common thing, a community, the community
Notes: This word refers to something that is common, shared, or public. As an adjective, it describes something belonging to or used by all. As a neuter noun, it can refer to a common thing, a public matter, or even a community or commonwealth.
Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΔΗΜΟΣΙΟΣ, ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΚΟΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kom-yos, meaning 'common, shared'. It is related to the idea of 'togetherness' or 'fellowship'.
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAH-see
Translations: (to) all, (for) all, (to) every, (for) every, (to) the whole, (for) the whole
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all', 'every', or 'the whole'. It is used to indicate totality or universality. As a dative plural form, it typically signifies 'to all' or 'for all', indicating the recipients or beneficiaries of an action.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders
Synonyms: ΑΠΑΣΙ, ΟΛΟΙΣ
G2288
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THA-na-ton
Translations: death, a death
Notes: This word refers to death, the cessation of life. It is often used in a literal sense to describe physical death, but can also be used metaphorically to describe spiritual death or destruction. In a sentence, it would typically function as the object of a verb or the subject of a clause, indicating the concept of death.
Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Accusative
Synonyms: ΤΕΛΕΥΤΗ, ΑΠΟΒΙΩΣΙΣ, ΕΞΟΔΟΣ
G0599
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-peh-THA-non
Translations: I died, they died, he died, she died, it died
Notes: This word means 'to die' or 'to be dead'. It is the aorist active indicative form, which describes a past action completed at a specific point in time. It can be either first person singular ('I died') or third person plural ('they died'). In some contexts, it can also be used for third person singular ('he/she/it died').
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular or 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΤΕΛΕΥΤΑΩ, ΕΚΠΝΕΩ
Etymology: The word ΑΠΟΘΝῌΣΚΩ is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΑΠΟ (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb ΘΝῌΣΚΩ (thnēskō), meaning 'to die'. The prefix emphasizes the separation from life.
G3754
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Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OH-per
Translations: the very thing which, which, whatsoever, as, just as
Notes: ΟΠΕΡ is an intensive relative pronoun, meaning 'the very thing which' or 'whatsoever'. It is used to emphasize the preceding noun or idea, often functioning as a stronger form of 'which' or 'what'. It can introduce a clause that specifies or elaborates on something already mentioned, or it can indicate a cause or reason.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: Ο, ΟΣ, ΟΣΠΕΡ
Etymology: ΟΠΕΡ is a compound word formed from the relative pronoun ὅ (ho), meaning 'who, which, what', and the enclitic particle περ (per), which adds emphasis or intensity, often translated as 'just, even, indeed'.
G1519, G1487, G1488
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb
Sounds like: E
Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are
Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).
G1519
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EES
Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward
Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.
G0425
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: an-ais-THEH-see-an
Translations: insensibility, a lack of feeling, apathy, indifference, a lack of perception
Notes: This word refers to a state of being without sensation, feeling, or perception. It can describe a physical numbness or a mental and emotional indifference or apathy. It is a compound word formed from the prefix ἀν- (an-, meaning 'not' or 'without') and αἴσθησις (aisthēsis, meaning 'sensation' or 'perception').
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΠΑΘΕΙΑ, ΑΓΝΩΣΙΑ
G5562
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ek-HOH-rei
Translations: had room, contained, made room, went, proceeded, advanced, withdrew
Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'χωρέω'. It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past. It can mean to have room, to contain, to make room for, or to go/proceed/advance. The specific meaning often depends on the context, especially whether it's used with a direct object or in a spatial sense.
Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΧΩΡΕΩ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΥΠΑΓΩ
Etymology: From 'χῶρος' (chōros), meaning 'place' or 'space'. The verb 'χωρέω' thus relates to moving into or having space.
G2061
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: er-MAI-on
Translations: a godsend, a stroke of luck, a windfall, a piece of good fortune
Notes: This word refers to an unexpected piece of good fortune or a lucky find, often seen as a gift from the gods, particularly Hermes (hence the name). It describes something that comes as a great benefit or advantage, especially when it was not anticipated. It is typically used in a context where something turns out favorably by chance.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΕΥΤΥΧΙΑ, ΤΥΧΗ, ΟΝΕΙΡΟΝ
Etymology: Derived from the Greek god Hermes (Ἑρμῆς), who was associated with luck, unexpected finds, and sudden gains. The term originally referred to a lucky find, like a treasure, believed to be a gift from Hermes.
G0302
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: AHN
Translations: if, ever, might, would, should
Notes: This word is a particle used to express contingency, possibility, or potentiality. It does not have a direct English equivalent but modifies the meaning of the verb it accompanies, often indicating that an action is dependent on a condition or is hypothetical. It is frequently used with the subjunctive or optative moods to form conditional clauses or express indefinite temporal or relative clauses.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The origin of this particle is uncertain, but it is believed to be an ancient particle in Greek, possibly related to the concept of 'on' or 'up' in some contexts, though its primary function became conditional.
G2258
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: HAYN
Translations: was, he was, she was, it was
Notes: This word is the imperfect indicative form of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It describes a continuous or ongoing state or action in the past. It can be translated as 'was', 'he was', 'she was', or 'it was', depending on the subject implied by the context. It is often used to set the scene or describe background information in a narrative.
Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice, 3rd Person Singular
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toys
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: ΤΟΙΣ is the dative plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, but specifically indicates the indirect object or the recipient of an action, or location/instrument when used with a dative noun. It can be used with masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns in the plural.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into the definite article in Greek.
G0094
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-DIK-oys
Translations: unjust, unrighteous, wicked, (to) the unjust, (to) the unrighteous, (to) the wicked
Notes: This word describes someone or something that is unjust, unrighteous, or wicked. It refers to a lack of conformity to divine or human law, or a failure to act righteously. It can be used to describe people who are morally wrong or actions that are unfair.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΝΟΜΟΣ, ΑΣΕΒΗΣ, ΠΟΝΗΡΟΣ
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAH-sin
Translations: to all, for all, with all, by all, in all
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all' or 'every'. It is used to indicate totality or completeness, often modifying a noun to show that something applies to every member of a group or every part of a whole. In this dative plural form, it typically translates as 'to all', 'for all', 'with all', or 'in all', depending on the context.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G0243
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Part of Speech: Prefix
Sounds like: ALL
Translations: other, another, different, foreign
Notes: This is a prefix form of the word 'ἄλλος' (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to form compound words that convey the idea of something being different, foreign, or belonging to another group. For example, 'ἀλλογενῶν' means 'of other races', 'ἀλλότριοι' means 'strangers' or 'foreigners', and 'ἀλλόφυλους' means 'foreigners' or 'of another tribe'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix)
Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.
G1893
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: eh-PEI
Translations: since, because, for, when, after, inasmuch as
Notes: This word functions as a conjunction or adverb, introducing a clause that provides a reason, cause, or time. As a conjunction, it can mean 'since' or 'because' when indicating a cause, or 'when' or 'after' when indicating time. As an adverb, it can mean 'for' or 'inasmuch as'. It often introduces a dependent clause that explains the main clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΚΑΘΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙΔΗ
Etymology: From the preposition ἐπί (epi, 'upon, on') and the particle εἰ (ei, 'if'). It originally meant 'upon the condition that' or 'when'.
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G0144
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ahee-STHAY-sis
Translations: perception, a perception, sense, a sense, discernment, a discernment, understanding, an understanding
Notes: This word refers to the faculty of perceiving, whether through the physical senses or through the mind. It can denote the act of sensing, the capacity for understanding, or the ability to discern between things. It is used to describe both sensory perception and intellectual comprehension.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΓΝΩΣΙΣ, ΣΥΝΕΣΙΣ, ΕΠΙΓΝΩΣΙΣ
Etymology: From the verb αἰσθάνομαι (aisthanomai), meaning 'to perceive, to feel, to hear, to see'.
G1096
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: geh-NO-meh-noys
Translations: having become, having come to be, having happened, having arisen, having been born, (to) those who have become, (to) those who have come to be, (to) those who have happened, (to) those who have arisen, (to) those who have been born
Notes: ΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΟΙΣ is a form of the verb ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, meaning 'to become,' 'to come into being,' 'to happen,' or 'to be born.' As a participle, it describes someone or something that has undergone the action of becoming or happening. In this dative plural form, it often refers to 'to those who have become' or 'to those who have happened.'
Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Dative, Masculine or Neuter, Plural
Synonyms: ΓΕΓΟΝΟΤΕΣ, ΕΓΕΝΟΝΤΟ
G3306
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: MEH-neh-ee
Translations: remains, abides, stays, endures, waits for
Notes: This word describes the action of remaining in a place, continuing in a state, or enduring through time. It can also mean to wait for someone or something. It is used to express persistence, steadfastness, or simply the act of staying put.
Inflection: Third person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΥΠΟΜΕΝΩ, ΔΙΑΜΕΝΩ, ΠΑΡΑΜΕΝΩ
G2851
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ko-LA-sis
Translations: punishment, torment, correction, a punishment, a torment, a correction
Notes: This word refers to punishment, correction, or torment. It implies a process of discipline or chastisement, often with the aim of improvement or restraint, though it can also denote severe suffering. It is used to describe the consequence of wrongdoing.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΤΙΜΩΡΙΑ, ΕΠΙΤΙΜΙΑ, ΔΙΚΗ
Etymology: From the verb κολάζω (kolazo), meaning 'to chastise, punish, or prune'. It is related to the idea of cutting or lopping off, suggesting a corrective action.
G0166
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ahee-OH-nee-ah
Translations: eternal, everlasting, age-long, an eternal thing, eternal things
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'eternal' or 'everlasting', often referring to something without end or pertaining to a specific age or eon. It describes duration, but can also refer to the quality of something that is eternal. It is used to describe things that are perpetual, unending, or belonging to the realm of eternity.
Inflection: Feminine, Nominative or Accusative, Plural
Synonyms: ΑἸΔΙΟΣ, ἈΤΕΛΕΥΤΗΤΟΣ
G0606
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-po-KAY-tie
Translations: it is laid up, it is reserved, it is appointed, it is stored up
Notes: This verb means 'to be laid away, to be stored up, to be reserved, or to be appointed'. It is often used impersonally, indicating that something is set aside or destined for someone or something. It implies a future certainty or a pre-ordained outcome.
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΚΕΙΤΑΙ, ΤΙΘΕΤΑΙ, ΕΤΟΙΜΑΖΕΤΑΙ
Etymology: The word ΑΠΟΚΕΙΜΑΙ is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb κεῖμαι (keimai), meaning 'to lie' or 'to be laid'. Thus, it literally means 'to lie away' or 'to be laid away'.
G3361
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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb
Sounds like: MAY
Translations: not, lest, no, do not
Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.
G0272
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-meh-LAY-see-teh
Translations: neglect, disregard, be careless, be negligent
Notes: This word means to neglect, disregard, or be careless about something or someone. It implies a lack of attention or concern. It can be used in contexts where one fails to take care of duties, responsibilities, or people.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Subjunctive, 2nd Person, Plural
Synonyms: ἈΦΙΗΜΙ, ΠΑΡΟΡΑΩ
Etymology: The word Ἀμελέω is a compound word derived from the negative prefix ἀ- (a-, 'not') and the verb μέλω (melō, 'to care for' or 'to be a concern'). Thus, it literally means 'not to care for' or 'to be unconcerned'.
G3982
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: peis-THEE-nai
Translations: to be persuaded, to be convinced, to obey, to trust, to yield
Notes: This word is the aorist passive infinitive form of the verb 'peithō'. It means 'to be persuaded' or 'to be convinced' by someone or something. It can also carry the sense of 'to obey' or 'to trust' in a passive sense, implying that one has been persuaded to do so. It is often used in contexts where someone is urged or compelled to believe or act in a certain way.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΠΙΣΤΕΥΩ, ΥΠΑΚΟΥΩ
G5037
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle
Sounds like: TEH
Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.
G4100
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pis-TEV-sai
Translations: to believe, to trust, to have faith
Notes: This word means to believe, to trust, or to have faith. It is often used in the context of believing in someone or something, particularly in a religious sense, or trusting in a person's reliability. As an infinitive, it functions like the English 'to believe' and can be used as the object of another verb or to express purpose.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΠΕΙΘΩ, ΕΛΠΙΖΩ
G0227
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-lay-THAY
Translations: true, real, genuine, (the) true things, (the) real things
Notes: This word describes something as true, real, or genuine, as opposed to false, counterfeit, or imaginary. It can be used to describe people, statements, or concepts. For example, it can refer to a 'true man' or 'true justice'. It is an adjective that modifies nouns.
Inflection: Singular, Feminine, Nominative or Accusative; or Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ἈΛΗΘΙΝΟΣ, ΓΝΗΣΙΟΣ, ΕΤΥΜΟΣ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, 'un-') and λήθω (lēthō, 'to escape notice, be hidden'), meaning 'unhidden' or 'not concealed'.
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TOW-tah
Translations: these, these things
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'these' or 'these things'. It refers to something previously mentioned or understood from the context, pointing it out specifically. As a pronoun, it stands in place of a noun, while as an adjective, it modifies a noun.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
G2076
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ES-tee
Translations: is, he is, she is, it is, there is
Notes: This word is the third person singular present indicative form of the verb 'to be'. It is used to express existence, identity, or a state of being. For example, it can mean 'he is', 'she is', 'it is', or simply 'is' in a sentence.
Inflection: Third person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is cognate with the English word 'is' and Latin 'est'.
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: neh-KOO-oh-man-TEH-ee-ahee
Translations: necromancy, divination by means of the dead, consulting the dead
Notes: This is a compound word referring to the practice of necromancy, which is divination by means of the dead. It involves attempting to communicate with the spirits of the deceased, often for the purpose of foretelling the future or gaining secret knowledge. It is typically used in a negative or condemnatory context.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΝΕΚΡΟΜΑΝΤΕΙΑ
Etymology: The word is a compound of two Greek words: ΝΕΚΥΣ (nekys), meaning 'corpse' or 'dead body', and ΜΑΝΤΕΙΑ (manteia), meaning 'divination' or 'prophecy'.
G3303
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: MEN
Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however
Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Interjection, Prefix, Numeral
Sounds like: AI
Translations: the, who, which, alas, oh, 11
Notes: The word 'ΑΙ' can function in several ways in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it is the feminine nominative plural form of the definite article, meaning 'the' (referring to multiple feminine nouns). It can also be the feminine nominative plural form of the relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which'. Less frequently, it can be an interjection expressing sorrow or pain, similar to 'alas' or 'oh'. It can also appear as a prefix in compound words. Additionally, 'ΑΙ' can represent the number 11 when used as a numerical symbol (alpha-iota). It is also possible for 'ΑΙ' to be an elision or contraction of other words, such as 'ἀεί' (always) or 'ἄγε' (come on!), though this is less common in the New Testament.
Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Plural (for article and pronoun); Does not inflect (for interjection, prefix, and numeral)
Etymology: The origin of 'ΑΙ' as a definite article and relative pronoun is from Proto-Indo-European. Its use as an interjection is onomatopoeic.
G0086
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-dee-af-THO-ron
Translations: of incorruptible, of undecaying, of imperishable
Notes: This word describes something that is not subject to decay, corruption, or destruction. It refers to that which is imperishable or incorruptible, often used in a moral or spiritual sense to denote purity or integrity that cannot be defiled.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΦΘΑΡΤΟΣ, ΑΚΑΤΑΛΥΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word is a compound of the negative prefix ἀ- (a-), meaning 'not' or 'without', and διαφθείρω (diaphtheirō), meaning 'to destroy' or 'to corrupt'. Thus, it literally means 'not corruptible' or 'indestructible'.
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