The Life of Flavius Josephus Chapter 40, Interlinear version from Life of Flavius Josephus, The (Beta)

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΥΠΟ (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'beneath', and the verb ΤΙΘΗΜΙ (tithēmi), meaning 'to place' or 'to put'. As a whole, it means 'to lay down under', 'to put under', or metaphorically, 'to suggest', 'to advise', or 'to propose'. In this form, it is a participle, indicating an action that has been completed or is ongoing, often translated as 'having laid down' or 'laying down'. It can be used to describe someone who is offering advice or making a suggestion.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΣΥΜΒΟΥΛΕΥΩ, ΠΑΡΑΙΝΕΩ

G4012

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

G2493

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Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-oh-na-THAN

Translations: Jonathan

Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to the Hebrew name Jonathan. It is a common biblical name, notably the son of King Saul and a close friend of David. In this form, it is in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Jonathan is of Hebrew origin, derived from the Hebrew name Yehonatan (יְהוֹנָתָן), meaning 'Yahweh has given' or 'gift of God'. It combines the divine name Yahweh (יהוה) with the verb 'natan' (נתן), meaning 'to give'.

G1325

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: di-DO-a-sin

Translations: they give, they are giving, they grant, they offer

Notes: This word means 'they give' or 'they are giving'. It describes the action of multiple subjects providing, granting, or offering something. It is used in sentences where a group of people or things are performing the act of giving.

Inflection: Third person plural, Present Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΕΧΩ, ΧΑΡΙΖΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to give'. It is related to words for giving in many Indo-European languages.

G0846

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Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOYS

Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her

Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

G1219

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: day-mo-SEE-ohn

Translations: of public, of the public, of common, of the common, of state, of the state, of official, of the official

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'public,' 'common,' 'belonging to the state,' or 'official.' It describes something that pertains to the people or the community as a whole, rather than to a private individual. It can be used to describe public affairs, public property, or public officials.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Etymology: From the Greek word ΔΗΜΟΣ (demos), meaning 'people' or 'district,' referring to the common people or a political division.

G1893

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEI

Translations: since, because, for, when, after, inasmuch as

Notes: This word functions as a conjunction or adverb, introducing a clause that provides a reason, cause, or time. As a conjunction, it can mean 'since' or 'because' when indicating a cause, or 'when' or 'after' when indicating time. As an adverb, it can mean 'for' or 'inasmuch as'. It often introduces a dependent clause that explains the main clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΚΑΘΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙΔΗ

Etymology: From the preposition ἐπί (epi, 'upon, on') and the particle εἰ (ei, 'if'). It originally meant 'upon the condition that' or 'when'.

G1161

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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G5100

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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE-nah

Translations: who, what, which, some, any, a certain one, something, anything

Notes: ΤΙΝΑ is an inflected form of the pronoun/adjective ΤΙΣ. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', 'anything', 'a certain one', or 'some'. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it is used in a question or a statement. It can function as both a pronoun standing alone or an adjective modifying a noun.

Inflection: Accusative Singular Masculine or Feminine, or Nominative/Accusative Plural Neuter

G1056

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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: gah-lee-LAH-ee-on

Translations: Galilean, a Galilean, the Galilean

Notes: This word refers to something or someone from Galilee, a region in northern ancient Israel. It can be used as an adjective to describe something as being from Galilee, or as a noun to refer to a person from Galilee. For example, one might speak of 'the Galilean sea' or 'a Galilean man'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative; or Singular, Masculine, Accusative

Etymology: The word is derived from Γαλιλαία (Galilaia), the name of the region in northern ancient Israel. It is a geographical designation.

G2424

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Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-ay-SOON

Translations: Jesus, Joshua

Notes: This is a proper name, the Greek form of the Hebrew name 'Joshua'. It refers primarily to Jesus Christ, the central figure of Christianity. It can also refer to other individuals named Joshua in the Old Testament or other historical figures. In a sentence, it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: The Greek name ἸΗΣΟΥΣ (Iēsous) is a transliteration of the Hebrew name יְהוֹשֻׁעַ (Yehoshua), meaning 'Yahweh is salvation' or 'Yahweh saves'.

G3686

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: O-no-MA

Translations: name, a name, reputation, character, authority

Notes: This word refers to a name, whether of a person, place, or thing. It can also signify one's reputation, character, or even authority, as a name often represents the person or entity itself. It is commonly used in phrases like 'in the name of' to denote authority or representation.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Genitive; Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΛΕΟΣ, ΦΗΜΗ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥. It is cognate with Latin nōmen and English name.

G3696

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: HOP-lee-tohn

Translations: of hoplites, of soldiers, of armed men

Notes: This word refers to 'hoplites,' who were heavily armed foot soldiers in ancient Greece. It is used to describe a group or collection of such soldiers, often in the context of their possessions or actions, as indicated by its genitive case.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΤΡΑΤΙΩΤΩΝ, ΜΑΧΗΤΩΝ

Etymology: The word ΟΠΛΙΤΗΣ (hoplites) is derived from ὅπλον (hoplon), meaning 'armor' or 'weapon.' It refers to a soldier equipped with such armor.

G2414

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Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: hee-eh-ro-so-LY-moys

Translations: (to) Jerusalem, (in) Jerusalem, (at) Jerusalem

Notes: This word refers to the city of Jerusalem, a significant city in ancient Israel and a central location in many biblical narratives. It is used here in the dative case, indicating location or direction, such as 'in Jerusalem' or 'to Jerusalem'.

Inflection: Dative, Plural

Etymology: The name 'Jerusalem' is of Hebrew origin, meaning 'foundation of peace' or 'city of peace'. It is a compound word derived from 'yara' (to found, to lay a cornerstone) and 'shalom' (peace).

G5119

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Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: TOH-teh

Translations: then, at that time, at that moment, thereupon, therefore

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'then' or 'at that time'. It is used to indicate a point in time, often referring to a past or future event that follows another. It can also be used to introduce a consequence or result, similar to 'therefore' or 'in that case'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΕΙΤΑ, ΕΙΤΑ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The word ΤΟΤΕ is a primary adverb, meaning it is not derived from another word in Greek. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun 'το' (this/that).

G3343

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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: meh-tah-PEM-psah-meh-noy

Translations: having sent for, having summoned, having called for, having sent after

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from 'μετά' (with, after) and 'πέμπω' (to send). It means to send for someone or something, to summon, or to call for. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred, often functioning adverbially to explain the circumstances or cause of another action. It implies that the subject initiated the sending or summoning.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΕΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΑΛΕΩ, ΣΥΓΚΑΛΕΩ

G3778

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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-ton

Translations: this, this one, him, it

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, used to point out something specific that is near in proximity, time, or thought, or something that has just been mentioned. As a pronoun, it can stand in for a noun, meaning 'this one' or 'him/it'. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, meaning 'this' (e.g., 'this house'). In this form, it is masculine singular and in the accusative case, meaning it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΝ

G2532

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G3599, G2068, G103

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Part of Speech: Noun, Participle

Sounds like: DON-tes

Translations: teeth, eating, singing, a tooth

Notes: This word is a homograph, meaning it can refer to different words that are spelled the same but have different meanings and origins. In Koine Greek, 'ΔΟΝΤΕΣ' can be the plural form of the noun 'ὀδούς' (odous), meaning 'teeth'. It can also be the masculine nominative plural active participle of the verb 'ἐσθίω' (esthíō), meaning 'eating' or 'those who eat'. Additionally, it can be the masculine nominative plural active participle of the verb 'ᾄδω' (adō), meaning 'singing' or 'those who sing'. The specific meaning depends entirely on the context in which it is used.

Inflection: Noun: Masculine, Nominative, Plural. Participle: Masculine, Nominative, Plural, Present, Active.

Synonyms: ΟΔΟΝΤΕΣ, ΕΣΘΙΟΝΤΕΣ, ΑΔΟΝΤΕΣ

G2753

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-KEH-leh-on

Translations: they were commanding, they were ordering, they were urging, they were bidding

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to command,' 'to order,' 'to urge,' or 'to bid.' It describes an action of giving instructions or directives. In this form, it indicates that a group of people (they) were in the process of giving a command or order in the past.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΤΑΤΤΩ, ΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΤΩ, ΚΕΛΕΥΣΤΕΥΩ

Etymology: The word κελεύω (keleuō) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to κέλλω (kello, 'to drive, to urge').

G1902

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EP-es-thai

Translations: to follow, to accompany, to pursue, to attend

Notes: This word is the present middle/passive infinitive form of the verb 'to follow' or 'to accompany'. It describes the action of going after someone or something, or being present with them. It can also imply pursuing a goal or consequence. It is often used with the dative case to indicate the person or thing being followed.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΑΚΟΛΟΥΘΕΩ, ΔΙΩΚΩ

Etymology: The root verb ἕπω (hepo) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to follow' or 'to go after'.

G3980

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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: pay-THAR-khoon-tah

Translations: obeying, submitting, being obedient, one who obeys, those who obey

Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb 'ΠΕΙΘΑΡΧΕΩ' (peitharcheō), meaning 'to obey' or 'to be obedient to authority'. It is a compound word formed from 'πείθω' (peithō), meaning 'to persuade' or 'to obey', and 'ἀρχή' (archē), meaning 'rule' or 'authority'. As a participle, it describes someone or something that is in the act of obeying or submitting. It can function adjectivally (e.g., 'the obeying person') or adverbially (e.g., 'while obeying').

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative Singular Masculine or Neuter, or Nominative/Accusative Plural Neuter

Synonyms: ΥΠΑΚΟΥΩ, ΠΕΙΘΩ

Etymology: The root word ΠΕΙΘΑΡΧΕΩ is a compound verb derived from the Greek words πείθω (peithō), meaning 'to persuade' or 'to obey', and ἀρχή (archē), meaning 'rule', 'authority', or 'beginning'. Thus, it literally means 'to obey authority' or 'to be persuaded by authority'.

G0694

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ar-GY-ree-on

Translations: silver, a silver coin, money, a piece of money

Notes: This word refers to silver, either as the metal itself or, more commonly in the New Testament, as silver coins or money in general. It is often used to denote wealth or payment. For example, it can refer to the thirty pieces of silver Judas received for betraying Jesus.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΡΓΥΡΟΣ, ΧΡΗΜΑΤΑ

Etymology: From the Greek word ἀργύριον (argyriōn), which is a diminutive of ἄργυρος (argyros), meaning 'silver'. It refers to something made of silver or a small piece of silver.

G1519

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G4367

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-ET-ax-an

Translations: they commanded, they ordered, they instructed, they appointed

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to command,' 'to order,' or 'to instruct.' It is used to describe an action where a group of people issued a directive or gave an instruction to others. It implies authority or a formal request.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΕΝΤΕΛΛΟΜΑΙ, ΚΕΛΕΥΩ, ΕΠΙΤΑΣΣΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek πρός (pros, 'to, toward') and τάσσω (tassō, 'to arrange, to order'). It literally means 'to arrange towards' or 'to set in order for'.

G190

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-koh-loo-THEIN

Translations: to follow, to accompany, to attend, to conform to

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to follow' or 'to accompany'. It is often used to describe physically following someone or something, but can also refer to following a teaching, a command, or a way of life, implying adherence or conformity. It typically takes a dative object.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ἙΠΟΜΑΙ, ΔΙΩΚΩ, ΠΑΡΑΚΟΛΟΥΘΕΩ

Etymology: From the prefix ἀ- (a-, 'together with') and κέλευθος (keleuthos, 'a road, a path'). It literally means 'to be on the same road with'.

G3982

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pays-THEN-tone

Translations: of those who were persuaded, of those who obeyed, of those who were convinced, of those who trusted

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ΠΕΙΘΩ' (peithō), meaning 'to persuade,' 'to obey,' 'to trust,' or 'to be convinced.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action or state related to the main verb of a sentence. In this form, 'ΠΕΙΣΘΕΝΤΩΝ' refers to 'those who were persuaded' or 'those who obeyed,' often implying a completed action in the past.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter, Aorist, Passive, Participle

Synonyms: ΠΕΠΟΙΘΟΤΩΝ, ΥΠΑΚΟΥΣΑΝΤΩΝ

Etymology: The word ΠΕΙΘΩ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to bind, to tie, to persuade, to trust.' It is related to concepts of trust, belief, and obedience.

G3767

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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OON

Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.

G4314

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G1841

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: EX-oh-don

Translations: exit, an exit, departure, a departure, exodus, an exodus, way out, a way out

Notes: This word refers to a going out, a departure, or an exit. It can be used for a physical exit from a place, or metaphorically for a departure from life, such as death. It is a compound word formed from 'ἐκ' (out of) and 'ὁδός' (way, road).

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΔΗΜΙΑ, ΕΚΒΑΣΙΣ, ΑΝΑΧΩΡΗΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΕΞΟΔΟΣ is a compound of the preposition 'ἐκ' (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the noun 'ὁδός' (hodos), meaning 'way' or 'road'. It literally means 'a way out' or 'a going out'.

G2127

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: yoo-treh-pis-THEN-tohn

Translations: having been prepared, having been made ready, having been put in order

Notes: This word is a passive participle derived from the verb 'eutrepizō', meaning 'to prepare' or 'to make ready'. It describes something or someone that has undergone the action of being prepared or made ready. It is used to indicate a completed action that has a continuing effect.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ἙΤΟΙΜΑΣΘΕΝΤΩΝ, ΠΑΡΑΣΚΕΥΑΣΘΕΝΤΩΝ

G1831

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ex-EHR-kho-mai

Translations: they were going out, they were coming out, they were departing, they went out, they came out, they departed

Notes: This word is the third person plural imperfect indicative form of the verb 'ἐξέρχομαι' (exerchomai), meaning 'to go out,' 'to come out,' or 'to depart.' The imperfect tense indicates an ongoing or repeated action in the past, or an action that was in progress. It describes a movement from an inside location to an outside one, or a departure from a place.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Indicative, Middle/Passive (deponent verb)

Synonyms: ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΕΚΒΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: The word 'ἐξέρχομαι' (exerchomai) is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'ἐκ' (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from,' and the verb 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go.'

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G4862

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: soon

Translations: with, together with, along with

Notes: ΣΥΝ is a preposition that typically takes the dative case, meaning 'with' or 'together with', indicating association, accompaniment, or union. It is also very commonly used as a prefix in compound words, where it conveys the idea of 'togetherness', 'union', 'completion', or 'joint action'. For example, 'συντρίβω' (syntribo) means 'to break together' or 'to crush', and 'συνκαίω' (synkaio) means 'to burn together'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.

Synonyms: ΜΕΤΑ, ΟΜΟΥ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kom, meaning 'with' or 'beside'. It is cognate with Latin 'cum' and English 'co-' or 'con-'.

G5124

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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toys

Translations: (to) these, (for) these, (with) these, (by) these

Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective meaning 'this' or 'that'. It points to something specific, indicating 'these things' or 'these people'. As a dative case, it often indicates the indirect object of a verb, the recipient of an action, or the means/instrument by which something is done. It can be translated as 'to these', 'for these', 'with these', or 'by these', depending on the context.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)

Synonyms: ΟΥ͂ΤΟΙ, ἘΚΕΊΝΟΙΣ

G1863

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: eh-pah-GOH-meh-noy

Translations: bringing upon, bringing in, bringing forward, leading on, leading in, inducing, inflicting

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle derived from the verb 'epagō', meaning 'to bring upon' or 'to lead in'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that is happening concurrently with the main verb. It can describe someone or something that is being brought upon, led in, or inflicted upon others, or it can describe an action of bringing something upon oneself (in the middle voice).

Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΓΟΝΤΕΣ, ΦΕΡΟΝΤΕΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἐπί (epi, 'upon, to') and ἄγω (agō, 'to lead, to bring'). It literally means 'to lead upon' or 'to bring upon'.

G80

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-del-FON

Translations: brother, a brother, fellowman, countryman, kinsman

Notes: This word refers to a brother by birth, but it can also be used more broadly to refer to a fellow countryman, a kinsman, or a spiritual brother (such as a fellow believer in a religious community). It is often used in the New Testament to address members of the Christian community. In a sentence, it would function as the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition when in the accusative case.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative

Synonyms: ΣΥΓΓΕΝΗΣ, ΟΜΟΙΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΔΕΛΦΟΣ is a compound word derived from the prefix ἀ- (a-), meaning 'together' or 'same', and δελφύς (delphys), meaning 'womb'. Thus, it literally means 'from the same womb'.

G3588, G3778

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G2491

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Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-oh-AN-noo

Translations: of John

Notes: This is the genitive form of the proper noun 'John'. It is a common name in the Bible, referring to several individuals, most notably John the Baptist and John the Apostle. It is used to indicate possession or origin, such as 'the son of John' or 'the Gospel of John'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: The name 'John' is derived from the Hebrew name Yochanan (יוחנן), meaning 'Yahweh is gracious' or 'God is gracious'. It was a very common name among Jews in the Second Temple period.

G3697

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: OP-lee-tas

Translations: hoplite, a hoplite, heavy-armed soldier, a heavy-armed soldier

Notes: An hoplite was a heavily armed foot soldier in ancient Greece. They were typically equipped with a large round shield (hoplon), a spear, and a sword. Hoplites fought in a phalanx formation, a tightly packed rectangular unit.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΤΡΑΤΙΩΤΗΣ, ΜΑΧΗΤΗΣ

Etymology: From the Greek word ὅπλον (hoplon), meaning 'weapon' or 'armor', referring to the shield carried by these soldiers.

G2983

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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: lah-BON-tes

Translations: taking, having taken, receiving, having received, seizing, having seized

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle of the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred or is completed. It often conveys the sense of 'having taken' or 'having received' and can be used to introduce a subordinate clause, indicating the circumstances or cause of the main action. For example, 'having taken the letter, they did not hurry'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ, ΑΙΡΕΩ

G3844

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: pah-RAH

Translations: from, by, with, beside, at, near, alongside, to

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it typically means 'from' or 'from beside', indicating origin or agency. With the dative case, it means 'with', 'beside', or 'at', indicating proximity or presence. With the accusative case, it means 'alongside', 'to', or 'past', indicating motion towards or along something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΥΠΟ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'beside', 'alongside'. It is cognate with English 'for' and 'from'.

G3992

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: PEM-psan-TON

Translations: of sending, of having sent, of dispatching, of having dispatched

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to send' or 'to dispatch'. It describes an action of sending that has already occurred or is ongoing, and it functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun. In this form, it indicates possession or origin, often translated with 'of' or 'belonging to' the ones who sent.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΟΝΤΩΝ, ΣΤΕΛΛΟΝΤΩΝ

G1519, G1487, G1488

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb

Sounds like: E

Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are

Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).

G3303

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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN

Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however

Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.

G1635

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: EH-kohn

Translations: willing, voluntary, of one's own accord, freely, a willing person

Notes: This word describes someone who acts willingly, voluntarily, or of their own accord, without compulsion. It can be used to describe a person or an action, emphasizing the free choice involved. It often implies a cheerful or unforced disposition.

Inflection: Masculine or Feminine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΜΑΤΟΣ, ΕΘΕΛΟΝΤΗΣ

Etymology: The word ΕΚΩΝ (hekōn) is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be related to the verb ἔχω (echō, 'to have' or 'to hold'), possibly implying 'having oneself' or 'being in control of oneself'.

G2697

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-THAY-meen

Translations: to lay down, to put down, to deposit, to store up, to lay aside, to put aside

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the prefix κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb τίθημι (tithēmi), meaning 'to place' or 'to put'. In this form, it means to lay something down, to put it away, or to deposit it. It can refer to laying down weapons, depositing money, or storing up provisions.

Inflection: Aorist, Optative, Middle Voice, First Person Singular

Synonyms: ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΑΠΟΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΚΑΤΑΒΑΛΛΩ

Etymology: The word κατατίθημι (katatithēmi) is derived from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb τίθημι (tithēmi), meaning 'to place' or 'to put'.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G3696

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: OP-lah

Translations: arms, weapons, armor, hoofs

Notes: This word is a plural noun that can refer to military equipment such as arms, weapons, or armor. It can also refer to the hoofs of an animal. Its meaning depends on the context in which it is used.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΠΛΙΣΙΣ, ΟΠΛΙΣΜΟΣ, ΟΝΥΞ

Etymology: The word ὅπλον (hoplon) is believed to be derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sep-, meaning 'to handle, to grasp'. It originally referred to any tool or implement, and later specialized to mean 'weapon' or 'armor'.

G4172

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: POH-lin

Translations: city, a city

Notes: The word 'πόλιν' is the accusative singular form of the noun 'πόλις', meaning 'city'. It refers to a populated place, typically larger than a village, with a defined administrative structure. As an accusative case, it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions, indicating the destination or the object being acted upon. For example, one might 'go into the city' or 'see the city'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The word 'πόλις' comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to a fortified place or citadel. It developed to mean a city-state in ancient Greece, encompassing both the physical settlement and its citizens.

G4980

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: an-tee-TAS-soi-meen

Translations: I might set myself against, I might oppose, I might resist

Notes: This word describes the act of setting oneself in opposition to someone or something, or of resisting an authority or force. It implies a deliberate act of defiance or antagonism. It is a compound word formed from 'ἀντί' (anti), meaning 'against' or 'opposite', and 'τάσσω' (tasso), meaning 'to arrange' or 'to appoint'.

Inflection: First Person Singular, Optative Mood, Aorist Tense, Middle Voice

Synonyms: ΑΝΘΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΑΝΤΙΛΕΓΩ, ΑΝΤΙΠΙΠΤΩ

Etymology: The word ἀντιτάσσω (antitassō) is a compound of ἀντί (anti), meaning 'against' or 'opposite', and τάσσω (tassō), meaning 'to arrange', 'to order', or 'to appoint'. It literally means 'to arrange oneself against'.

G0615

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ap-ok-TEI-nai

Translations: to kill, to slay, to put to death

Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'ἀποκτείνω'. It means 'to kill' or 'to slay'. As an infinitive, it functions like a verbal noun, often used to express purpose, result, or as the object of another verb. For example, it can be translated as 'to kill' in a sentence like 'he came to kill'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ἈΝΑΙΡΕΩ, ΦΟΝΕΥΩ

Etymology: From ἀπό (apo, 'from, off') and κτείνω (kteinō, 'to kill'). The prefix ἀπό intensifies the meaning of the verb 'to kill'.

G3367

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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: MAY-den

Translations: nothing, no one, none, not even one

Notes: This word is a negative indefinite pronoun or adjective, meaning 'nothing' or 'no one'. It is the neuter form of the word 'ΜΗΔΕΙΣ'. It is used to express absolute negation, particularly in contexts involving prohibitions, commands, or with subjunctive and optative moods, indicating that something should not happen or does not exist under certain conditions. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'do nothing' or 'let nothing happen'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΝ

Etymology: The word ΜΗΔΕΙΣ is a compound word formed from the negative particle ΜΗ (meaning 'not') and the numeral ΕΙΣ (meaning 'one'). It literally means 'not even one'.

G1167

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: deh-dee-OH-tas

Translations: fearing, being afraid, those who fear, those who are afraid

Notes: This word is a perfect active participle, meaning 'having feared' or 'being in a state of fear'. It describes someone who is afraid or has been afraid. It is used to modify a noun or pronoun, indicating an action or state that has been completed and has ongoing results. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'they saw the men fearing the storm'.

Inflection: Perfect Active Participle, Accusative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΦΟΒΟΥΜΕΝΟΥΣ, ΤΑΡΑΣΣΟΜΕΝΟΥΣ

Etymology: The word ΔΕΙΔΩ (deidō) is an ancient Greek verb meaning 'to fear' or 'to be afraid'. It is related to the noun δέος (deos), meaning 'fear' or 'awe'.

G1063

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Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G4368

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pros-TAG-ma

Translations: commandment, command, ordinance, decree, a commandment, an ordinance

Notes: This word refers to a command, order, or decree, often issued by an authority. It signifies something that has been enjoined or prescribed. It is typically used to refer to divine or human laws and regulations.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΝΤΟΛΗ, ΔΙΚΑΙΩΜΑ, ΝΟΜΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb προστάσσω (prostassō), meaning 'to order, command, appoint', which is formed from πρός (pros, 'to, toward') and τάσσω (tassō, 'to arrange, order').

G1125

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-geh-GRAH-fei-san

Translations: they had been written, they had been enrolled, they had been recorded

Notes: This is a verb indicating an action that was completed in the past and whose results continued into a later past time. It means 'they had been written' or 'they had been enrolled/recorded'. It describes a state of being written or recorded that existed in the past, often implying a prior action of writing. It is a compound word, formed from the root verb 'γράφω' (to write) with an augment and reduplication indicating the pluperfect tense, and a passive voice ending.

Inflection: 3rd Person Plural, Pluperfect, Indicative, Passive

Synonyms: ἘΠΙΓΡΑΦΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΡΑΦΩ

G2596

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Part of Speech: Prefix, Preposition

Sounds like: KAT

Translations: down, against, according to, throughout, during

Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down', 'against', 'according to', 'throughout', or 'during'. It is frequently used as a prefix in compound verbs and nouns, indicating a downward motion, completion, intensity, or opposition. For example, in 'κατέβη' (katebē), it means 'went down', and in 'καταπιεῖν' (katapiein), it means 'to swallow down'. The final alpha (α) is often dropped when the next word or part of the compound begins with a vowel, or when it's followed by certain consonants.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix); functions as a preposition that takes the genitive or accusative case.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmt- 'down, with, against'. It is a common Greek preposition that has been used since ancient times.

G5037

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle

Sounds like: TEH

Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.

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The Life of Flavius Josephus, Chapter 40

Interlinear version from Life of Flavius Josephus, The (Beta)

40:199

40:200

40:201

40:202

40:203

This interlinear database is in beta