The Life of Flavius Josephus Chapter 28, Interlinear version from Life of Flavius Josephus, The (Beta)

Notes: ΤΑΥΤ is an inflected form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective 'οὗτος' (houtos), meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something specific, either near in space or time, or recently mentioned. It can function as a pronoun, standing in for a noun, or as an adjective, modifying a noun. Its meaning can shift slightly depending on the gender, number, and case.

Inflection: Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural; or Feminine, Genitive, Singular

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

G2532

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G3588, G3778

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G4128

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PLAY-thooss

Translations: of a multitude, of a crowd, of a great number, of a throng, of a quantity, of a great amount, of a fullness, of a great company

Notes: This word refers to a large number or quantity of people or things, a multitude, or a crowd. It can also denote a great amount or fullness. It is used to describe a large gathering of people or a significant quantity of something.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΧΛΟΣ, ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΠΛΗΡΩΜΑ

Etymology: From the root *pleth-, related to the idea of being full or abundant. It is connected to the Proto-Indo-European root *pleh₁- meaning 'to fill'.

G1949

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: eh-pee-boh-AY-san-tos

Translations: of one who cried out, of one who shouted, of one who called out, of one who exclaimed

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'epiboao', meaning 'to cry out' or 'to shout'. It describes someone who is in the act of shouting or has shouted. It is often used in a genitive absolute construction, indicating a circumstance or cause, such as 'when someone cried out' or 'because someone shouted'.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΒΟΗΣΑΝΤΟΣ, ΚΕΚΡΑΓΟΤΟΣ

G0353

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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: ah-nah-lah-BOHN

Translations: taking up, having taken up, receiving, assuming, picking up, restoring

Notes: This word is the aorist active participle of the verb ἀναλαμβάνω. It is a compound word formed from ἀνά (ana, meaning 'up' or 'again') and λαμβάνω (lambanō, meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'). It generally means to take up, pick up, or receive something, often implying an action of lifting or resuming. It can also mean to assume a role or to restore something.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΙΡΩ

G5100

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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE-nas

Translations: who, what, some, any, some people, any people, some things, any things

Notes: ΤΙΝΑΣ is an inflected form of the pronoun/adjective ΤΙΣ. It serves as both an interrogative (asking 'who?' or 'what?') and an indefinite (meaning 'someone,' 'something,' 'some,' or 'any'). In this form, it is the masculine or feminine, plural, accusative case. It can be used to ask about the identity of multiple people or things, or to refer to an unspecified group of people or things.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine or Feminine

G3697

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: OP-lee-tas

Translations: hoplite, a hoplite, heavy-armed soldier, a heavy-armed soldier

Notes: An hoplite was a heavily armed foot soldier in ancient Greece. They were typically equipped with a large round shield (hoplon), a spear, and a sword. Hoplites fought in a phalanx formation, a tightly packed rectangular unit.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΤΡΑΤΙΩΤΗΣ, ΜΑΧΗΤΗΣ

Etymology: From the Greek word ὅπλον (hoplon), meaning 'weapon' or 'armor', referring to the shield carried by these soldiers.

G1909

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to

Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G1722

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G3588, G3739, G2228

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G4710

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ess-PEV-den

Translations: was hurrying, was hastening, was eager, was pressing on, was striving

Notes: This word is the third person singular imperfect active indicative form of the verb σπεύδω. It describes an action of hurrying, hastening, or being eager that was ongoing or repeated in the past. It can also imply a sense of striving or pressing on towards a goal. For example, 'he was hurrying' or 'she was eager'.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ἘΠΕΙΓΩ, ΤΑΧΥΝΩ

Etymology: The word σπεύδω comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to hurry' or 'to be quick'.

G5613

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G0337

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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ah-nah-ee-REH-sone

Translations: to take up, to take away, to destroy, to kill, to put to death

Notes: This word is a future active participle of the verb 'anaireō'. It describes an action that will be performed by the subject, often implying purpose or intention. It can mean 'about to take up', 'about to take away', 'about to destroy', or 'about to kill'. For example, it might be used in a sentence like 'He went, about to kill the enemy'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Future, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΚΤΕΙΝΩ, ἈΠΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ἈΝΕΛΩΝ

Etymology: The word ἀναιρέω is a compound word formed from the preposition ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'again', and the verb αἱρέω (haireō), meaning 'to take' or 'to seize'.

G1473

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Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-GOH

Translations: I, me

Notes: ἘΓΩ is the first-person singular personal pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning "I" or "me." It refers to the speaker and functions primarily as the subject of a sentence. While the first-person singular verb ending often makes the pronoun redundant, ἘΓΩ is frequently used for emphasis, similar to saying "I myself" or "even I" in English. It can also be used to clarify the subject when multiple individuals are involved.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Nominative

Etymology: This word is an ancient pronoun, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has cognates in many Indo-European languages, reflecting a shared linguistic heritage.

G4309

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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: proh-ahee-STHOH-meh-nos

Translations: perceiving beforehand, having perceived beforehand, foreseeing, having foreseen, foreknowing, having foreknown

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'προαισθάνομαι', meaning 'to perceive beforehand' or 'to foresee'. It describes an action of knowing or sensing something before it happens. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb to indicate that the subject has already performed the action of foreseeing or perceiving in advance.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΠΡΟΟΡΑΩ

G1223

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: dee-AH

Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G2873

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KO-pon

Translations: toil, labor, trouble, effort, weariness, a toil, a labor, a trouble, an effort, a weariness

Notes: This word refers to strenuous effort, hard work, or the resulting weariness and exhaustion. It can also denote trouble, distress, or affliction. It is often used to describe the physical or mental exertion involved in a task.

Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΟΧΘΟΣ, ΠΟΝΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb κόπτω (koptō), meaning 'to strike, cut, or beat', implying the effort involved in such actions.

G4253

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PRO

Translations: before, in front of, for, on behalf of, in the presence of, prior to, instead of

Notes: This word is a preposition that typically takes the genitive case. It can indicate a spatial relationship, meaning 'before' or 'in front of' something or someone. It can also denote a temporal relationship, meaning 'before' in time, or a causal relationship, meaning 'for' or 'on behalf of' someone or something. In some contexts, it can also mean 'instead of' or 'in the presence of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΜΠΡΟΣΘΕΝ, ΑΝΤΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'before, in front of'. It is cognate with English 'for' and Latin 'pro'.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G2722

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tes-KHEE-meen

Translations: I was held, I was restrained, I was possessed, I was occupied

Notes: This is a form of the verb 'κατέχω' (katechō), which means to hold down, restrain, possess, or occupy. It is a compound word formed from 'κατά' (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. The form 'κατεσχήμην' indicates an action in the past where the subject was the recipient of the action, meaning 'I was held' or 'I was restrained'. It can be used to describe being held captive, being possessed by something, or a place being occupied.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Passive

Synonyms: ΚΡΑΤΕΩ, ΕΧΩ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩ

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G5438

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: foo-la-KAYN

Translations: guard, a guard, prison, a prison, watch, a watch, custody, a custody, keeping, a keeping

Notes: This word refers to the act of guarding or keeping, a place of custody like a prison, or a period of watching, such as a night watch. It can be used to describe a literal prison or a state of being held in custody. It can also refer to the act of keeping or observing something, like a command or a law.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΕΣΜΩΤΗΡΙΟΝ, ΤΗΡΗΣΙΣ, ΚΟΥΣΤΩΔΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΦΥΛΑΚΗ (phylakē) comes from the verb φυλάσσω (phylassō), meaning 'to guard, watch, protect'.

G4100

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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: peh-pis-TEV-meh-nos

Translations: trusted, entrusted, faithful, a trusted one, one who has been entrusted

Notes: This word is the perfect passive participle of the verb 'πιστεύω' (pisteuō), meaning 'to believe' or 'to trust'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing someone or something that has been trusted or to whom something has been entrusted. It can also function as a noun, referring to 'one who has been entrusted' or 'a trusted person'. It implies a state of having been placed in a position of trust or having had a responsibility committed to them.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative

Synonyms: ΠΙΣΤΟΣ, ΕΜΠΙΣΤΟΣ

G3441

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: MOH-nos

Translations: only, alone, single, a single one

Notes: This word describes something as being unique, solitary, or singular. It emphasizes exclusivity, meaning 'one and no other'. It can be used to describe a person, object, or concept that stands by itself or is the sole instance of something. For example, it can refer to someone being 'alone' or 'the only one' of a kind.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular. This word inflects for gender, number, and case (e.g., feminine ΜΟΝΗ, neuter ΜΟΝΟΝ, plural ΜΟΝΟΙ).

Synonyms: ΜΟΝΟΓΕΝΗΣ, ΕΙΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *mon- (to remain, stay). It is related to the idea of being fixed or standing alone.

G3887

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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: pa-ra-MEI-nas

Translations: remaining, having remained, abiding, continuing, a remaining one, one who remained

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'paramenō', meaning 'to remain alongside' or 'to continue'. It describes an action of staying, abiding, or persisting in a place, state, or relationship. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, and indicates that the subject is the one who performed the action of remaining. For example, 'the one remaining' or 'having remained'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΕΝΩΝ, ΔΙΑΜΕΝΩΝ, ΕΠΙΜΕΝΩΝ

G1961

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ep-ee-dro-MEN

Translations: attack, an attack, assault, an assault, incursion, an incursion, raid, a raid

Notes: This word refers to a hostile movement or a sudden, forceful advance, often implying an attack or an incursion into enemy territory. It is a compound word formed from 'ἐπί' (upon, against) and 'δρόμος' (a running, course), literally meaning 'a running upon'. It is typically used to describe military actions or aggressive movements.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΦΟΔΟΣ, ΠΡΟΣΒΟΛΗ, ΕΠΙΘΕΣΙΣ

G1268

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-ay-GAY-ree-reh

Translations: stirred up, aroused, awakened, woke up

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'thoroughly', and the verb ἐγείρω (egeiro), meaning 'to raise' or 'to awaken'. It means to thoroughly awaken, to rouse completely, or to stir up. It is used to describe the act of causing someone or something to become active or alert, often from a state of sleep or inactivity, or to incite someone to action.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΕΓΕΙΡΩ, ΑΝΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΕΞΕΓΕΙΡΩ

G2186

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: eh-fes-TOH-tah

Translations: standing over, standing by, present, imminent, appointed, the one standing over, the one standing by, the one present

Notes: This word is the accusative singular masculine form of the perfect active participle of the verb ἐφίστημι (ephistēmi). It describes someone or something that has taken a stand over, by, or upon something, or is present, imminent, or appointed. It often implies a position of authority, presence, or immediate proximity.

Inflection: Perfect Active Participle, Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΩΝ, ΕΓΓΥΣ

G0515

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ay-KSEE-oo

Translations: was thinking worthy, was deeming worthy, was demanding, was asking, was requesting, was claiming, was expecting

Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'axioō'. It means 'to deem worthy,' 'to consider worthy,' 'to ask,' 'to request,' or 'to demand.' It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, indicating that someone was continuously or repeatedly considering something worthy, or making a request or demand. It often implies a sense of entitlement or a belief that one has a right to something.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΑἸΤΈΩ, ΖΗΤΈΩ, ΔΈΟΜΑΙ

G5037

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle

Sounds like: TEH

Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.

G5259

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: HOOP

Translations: under, by, with, from, at, through, in, of

Notes: This word is a common Greek preposition and prefix. As a preposition, it typically means 'under' or 'below', but its meaning can vary significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the accusative case, it can indicate motion towards a place ('under', 'to'). As a prefix, it means 'under', 'below', 'less than', or 'secretly', as seen in compound words like 'υποκάτω' (underneath). The form 'ΥΠ' is a common truncation of 'ΥΠΟ' when it acts as a prefix, especially before a vowel, or as part of a compound word.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or prefix)

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑ, ΕΠΙ

G4250

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: PRIN

Translations: before, sooner, until, ere

Notes: This word functions as an adverb or a conjunction, indicating a point in time prior to another event or action. As an adverb, it means 'before' or 'sooner'. As a conjunction, it means 'before' or 'until', often introducing a clause that describes an event that has not yet happened. It is frequently used with an infinitive or a subjunctive verb.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *per- (forward, through). It is related to the preposition πρό (pro, before).

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G0031

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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ah-nahg-KAH-son-tahs

Translations: compelling, forcing, those who will compel, those who will force

Notes: This word is a future active participle, meaning 'compelling' or 'forcing' in the sense of 'those who will compel' or 'those who will force'. It is derived from the verb ἀναγκάζω, which means to compel, force, or necessitate. It is a compound word formed from ἀνά (ana, 'up, again') and ἀγκάζω (ankazo, 'to embrace, to press'), implying a strong, pressing compulsion. It describes an action that will happen in the future.

Inflection: Future, Active, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΒΙΑΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΝΑΓΚΑΖΩ

Etymology: The word ἀναγκάζω (anankazo) comes from ἀνάγκη (anankē), meaning 'necessity' or 'compulsion'. It is formed from the prefix ἀνά (ana, 'up, again') and a root related to 'bending' or 'pressing', implying a strong, unavoidable force or constraint.

G2228, G3588

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Definite Article, Numeral

Sounds like: AY

Translations: or, the, 8

Notes: This word can function as a conjunction meaning 'or', indicating an alternative or choice between two or more options. It can also be the feminine nominative singular form of the definite article 'the', used to specify a feminine noun that is the subject of a sentence. The '̓' (coronis) indicates that this form is an elision, meaning it's a shortened form of a word like ἤ (e.g., when followed by a vowel). Additionally, the '̓' could be a keraia, indicating the numeral 8.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as conjunction or numeral); Singular, Nominative, Feminine (as definite article)

Etymology: The conjunction ἤ (e.g., from which Ἠ is an elision) is of uncertain origin. The definite article ἡ (from which Ἠ is an elision) comes from Proto-Indo-European. The numeral meaning is derived from the Greek letter eta (Η), which was used to represent the number 8.

G2892

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: kteh-NOON-tahs

Translations: about to kill, who will kill, those who will kill

Notes: This word is a future active participle derived from the verb κτείνω (kteinō), meaning 'to kill' or 'to slay'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that will happen in the future. In this form, it refers to 'those who are about to kill' or 'those who will kill', often used to describe agents of future action.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine or Feminine, Future Active Participle

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΚΤΕΙΝΩ, ΑΝΑΙΡΕΩ

Etymology: The verb κτείνω (kteinō) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to strike, to kill'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages with similar meanings.

G3303

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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN

Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however

Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.

G1161

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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G2596

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Part of Speech: Prefix, Preposition

Sounds like: KAT

Translations: down, against, according to, throughout, during

Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down', 'against', 'according to', 'throughout', or 'during'. It is frequently used as a prefix in compound verbs and nouns, indicating a downward motion, completion, intensity, or opposition. For example, in 'κατέβη' (katebē), it means 'went down', and in 'καταπιεῖν' (katapiein), it means 'to swallow down'. The final alpha (α) is often dropped when the next word or part of the compound begins with a vowel, or when it's followed by certain consonants.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix); functions as a preposition that takes the genitive or accusative case.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmt- 'down, with, against'. It is a common Greek preposition that has been used since ancient times.

G2010

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-pee-TREP-sahs

Translations: having permitted, having allowed, having entrusted, having committed, having given leave

Notes: This is the aorist active participle of the verb 'ἐπιτρέπω', meaning 'to permit', 'to allow', 'to entrust', or 'to commit'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that occurred prior to the main verb. It indicates that the subject has already performed the action of permitting or entrusting something.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΦΙΗΜΙ, ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΣΥΓΧΩΡΕΩ

G1519

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G4128

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PLAY-thoss

Translations: multitude, a multitude, crowd, a crowd, great number, abundance, a great number

Notes: This word refers to a large number or quantity of people or things. It can be used to describe a crowd of people, a large amount of something, or a general abundance. For example, it might refer to a large gathering of disciples or a great quantity of fish.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΧΛΟΣ, ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΑΓΕΛΗ

Etymology: From the Greek root *pleth-* meaning 'to be full' or 'to fill'. It is related to words indicating fullness or abundance.

G3729

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ohr-MAY-then

Translations: I rushed, I was impelled, I was driven, I was urged

Notes: This word describes the action of being set in motion, rushing, or being driven forward by an internal or external force. It is used to express a sudden or forceful movement, often implying an urge or impulse. As a passive form, it indicates that the subject was acted upon, rather than initiating the action themselves.

Inflection: First Person Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Passive

Synonyms: ΕΠΕΙΓΟΜΑΙ, ΣΠΕΥΔΩ, ΕΚΠΙΠΤΩ

Etymology: The word ΟΡΜΑΩ (hormaō) is derived from the noun ὁρμή (hormē), meaning 'a rapid motion, a start, an impulse, an assault'. It is related to the idea of a strong, impetuous movement or urge.

G4281

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pro-el-THAYN

Translations: to go forth, to come forth, to go forward, to come forward, to advance, to proceed

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΠΡΟ (pro), meaning 'before' or 'forth,' and the verb ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go.' As an infinitive, it describes the action of going or coming forth, forward, or in advance. It can be used to indicate movement towards a place, progression in time, or the act of appearing publicly.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΒΑΙΝΩ, ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ is a compound of the preposition ΠΡΟ (pro), meaning 'before, forth,' and the verb ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ (erchomai), meaning 'to come, to go.' The verb ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ is derived from an ancient Indo-European root meaning 'to move' or 'to go.'

G3339

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: meh-ten-DOOS

Translations: having put on, having changed clothes, having clothed oneself, having dressed

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having put on' or 'having changed clothes'. It is a compound word formed from the preposition μετά (meta), meaning 'with' or 'after' (and implying change), and the verb ἐνδύω (endyo), meaning 'to put on' or 'to clothe'. Therefore, it signifies the action of putting on or changing one's clothing, often implying a change of attire for a specific purpose or in response to a situation.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΕΝΔΥΣΑΜΕΝΟΣ, ΠΕΡΙΒΑΛΟΜΕΝΟΣ

G3767

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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OON

Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.

G3571

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: XEE-foss

Translations: sword, a sword

Notes: This word refers to a sword, a weapon typically used for cutting or thrusting. It is commonly used in narratives describing battles, combat, or the carrying of arms. It can also be used metaphorically to represent conflict, judgment, or authority.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΜΑΧΑΙΡΑ, ΡΟΜΦΑΙΑ

Etymology: The word "ξίφος" is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek or from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to cut' or 'to pierce'. It has cognates in other Indo-European languages.

G2596

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: kath

Translations: according to, down, against, throughout, during, by, for, with respect to, concerning

Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down' or 'according to'. It is commonly used as a prefix in compound words or as a preposition governing various cases. When used as a preposition, it can indicate movement downwards, distribution, opposition, or a standard of comparison. For example, 'καθ' ἕνα' means 'one by one', and 'καθά' means 'just as' or 'according as'. The elision (dropping of the final vowel) occurs before a word beginning with a vowel and a rough breathing mark.

Inflection: Does not inflect (it is an elided form of a preposition)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: The word 'κατά' (kata) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'down' or 'against'. It is a common preposition in ancient Greek, indicating various relationships of position, direction, or standard.

G3367

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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: may-THEH-nah

Translations: no one, nobody, nothing, any, not any, none

Notes: This word is a negative indefinite pronoun or adjective, meaning 'no one', 'nobody', 'nothing', or 'not any'. It is used to express a complete absence or negation of something or someone. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, indicating that there is 'not any' of that noun. As a pronoun, it stands in for 'no one' or 'nothing'. It is often used in prohibitions or commands, especially with the subjunctive mood, to forbid an action.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine or Feminine, Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΙΣ, ΟΥΔΕΝ

G2462

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: hip-po-DRO-mon

Translations: hippodrome, a hippodrome, racecourse, a racecourse

Notes: This is a compound word, formed from 'ἵππος' (hippos), meaning 'horse', and 'δρόμος' (dromos), meaning 'a course' or 'a running'. It refers to an ancient Greek stadium or arena used for horse racing and chariot racing. It is typically used to denote the specific location where such races take place.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Neuter

Etymology: The word 'ΙΠΠΟΔΡΟΜΟΣ' is derived from the Ancient Greek 'ἵππος' (hippos, 'horse') and 'δρόμος' (dromos, 'course' or 'running'). It literally means 'horse-running place'.

G0869

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Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: AF-noh

Translations: suddenly, unexpectedly, all at once

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'suddenly' or 'unexpectedly'. It is used to describe an action or event that happens without warning or preparation, often implying a quick or abrupt occurrence. For example, it can describe someone falling suddenly or a noise appearing unexpectedly.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΞΑΙΦΝΗΣ, ΑΙΦΝΙΔΙΩΣ

Etymology: The origin of ἈΦΝΩ is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the root φαν- (phan-), meaning 'to appear' or 'to show', possibly implying something that appears suddenly or without being seen beforehand.

G5316

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: fah-NEES

Translations: having appeared, having been shown, having become visible, having shone, having been revealed

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'φαίνω' (phainō), meaning 'to appear,' 'to show,' or 'to shine.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective while retaining verbal qualities, describing an action that has already occurred. It indicates that something or someone has become visible, has been revealed, or has appeared.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΦΑΝΕΙΣ, ΔΗΛΩΘΕΙΣ, ΟΦΘΕΙΣ

G4243

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PREE-nays

Translations: prone, headlong, falling headlong, prostrate, face down

Notes: This adjective describes someone or something that is lying face down, prostrate, or falling headlong. It indicates a position where the front of the body is facing downwards, often implying a fall or a humble posture. It can be used to describe a person who has fallen forward or is lying flat on their face.

Inflection: Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative; Masculine or Feminine; Singular

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΠΙΠΤΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΥΝΕΩ

Etymology: The word is derived from an ancient root meaning 'forward' or 'downward'. It is related to words indicating a forward motion or a position facing downwards.

G4098

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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: peh-SOHN

Translations: having fallen, falling, fell, fallen

Notes: ΠΕΣΩΝ is the aorist active participle of the verb ΠΙΠΤΩ, meaning 'to fall' or 'to fall down'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is completed relative to the main verb of the sentence. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or adverbially, indicating cause, time, or manner. For example, 'the man having fallen' or 'when he fell'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΠΙΠΤΩ, ΕΜΠΙΠΤΩ, ΠΕΡΙΠΙΠΤΩ

Etymology: The root verb ΠΙΠΤΩ comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to fall'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that also convey the idea of falling or dropping.

G1093

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GAYN

Translations: earth, an earth, land, a land, ground, a ground, country, a country, region, a region

Notes: ΓΗΝ is the accusative singular form of the noun ΓΗ, meaning 'earth', 'land', 'ground', 'country', or 'region'. It is used to indicate the direct object of a verb or the destination of motion, often translated as 'to the earth' or 'into the land' depending on the context and accompanying prepositions. It can refer to the planet, a specific territory, or the soil itself.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΓΕΑ

G1391

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-DOX-ah

Translations: I thought, I seemed, I decided, I glorified, I honored

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to think', 'to seem', 'to decide', 'to glorify', or 'to honor'. Its meaning can vary depending on context. When used in the active voice, it often means 'to glorify' or 'to honor'. In the middle or passive voice, it can mean 'to be glorified' or 'to be honored'. It can also be used impersonally to mean 'it seemed good' or 'it was decided'.

Inflection: First Person Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΤΙΜΑΩ, ΕΥΛΟΓΕΩ

G4784

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-khor-OH-roon

Translations: they were allowing, they were granting, they were conceding, they were agreeing

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition σύν (syn, meaning 'with' or 'together') and the verb χωρέω (chōreō, meaning 'to make room' or 'to go'). Together, it means to make room with someone, to agree, to allow, to permit, or to concede. In this form, it describes an ongoing action in the past, indicating that a group of people were in the process of allowing or agreeing to something.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΑΩ, ΕΠΙΤΡΕΠΩ, ΣΥΝΤΙΘΕΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word συγχωρέω (synchōreō) is derived from the prefix σύν (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb χωρέω (chōreō), meaning 'to make room' or 'to go'.

G0091

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-dee-KEIN

Translations: to do wrong, to harm, to injure, to be unjust, to wrong

Notes: This verb means to act unjustly, to do wrong, or to cause harm to someone. It describes an action that is contrary to justice or righteousness. It can be used in contexts where someone is treated unfairly or suffers injury due to another's actions.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ἈΔΙΚΙΑ, ἈΔΙΚΟΣ, ΒΛΑΠΤΩ

Etymology: The word Ἀδικέω (adikeō) comes from the adjective ἄδικος (adikos), meaning 'unjust', which is formed from the negative prefix ἀ- (a-) and δίκη (dikē), meaning 'justice' or 'right'. Thus, it literally means 'to be without justice' or 'to act unjustly'.

G1189

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-DEH-oh-meen

Translations: I was asking, I was begging, I was praying, I was entreating

Notes: This word is the first person singular imperfect indicative middle/passive form of the verb 'δεομαι' (deomai). It means 'I was asking,' 'I was begging,' or 'I was praying.' It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, indicating a state of needing or requesting something. It can be used to express a strong desire or a humble request.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Imperfect, Indicative, Middle or Passive

Synonyms: ΑΙΤΕΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΥΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word 'δεομαι' (deomai) comes from 'δεω' (deō), meaning 'to bind,' 'to lack,' or 'to need.' The middle voice emphasizes the subject's personal involvement in the action of needing or requesting.

G4387

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: PRO-teh-ron

Translations: before, formerly, first, earlier, a former thing, a prior thing

Notes: This word functions primarily as an adverb meaning 'before' or 'formerly' in time, indicating something that happened earlier or previously. It can also be the neuter singular form of the comparative adjective 'πρότερος', meaning 'prior' or 'former', often used substantively to refer to 'the former thing' or 'that which was before'. It is used to contrast with something that comes later.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (often used adverbially)

Synonyms: ΠΡΙΝ, ΠΑΛΑΙ, ΕΜΠΡΟΣΘΕΝ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ is a comparative form derived from the preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of'.

G5100

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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE-nah

Translations: who, what, which, some, any, a certain one, something, anything

Notes: ΤΙΝΑ is an inflected form of the pronoun/adjective ΤΙΣ. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', 'anything', 'a certain one', or 'some'. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it is used in a question or a statement. It can function as both a pronoun standing alone or an adjective modifying a noun.

Inflection: Accusative Singular Masculine or Feminine, or Nominative/Accusative Plural Neuter

G5442

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-fy-LAHT-ton

Translations: they were guarding, they were keeping, they were watching, they were observing, they were protecting

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to guard,' 'to keep,' 'to watch,' 'to observe,' or 'to protect.' It describes an ongoing action in the past, indicating that a group of people were continuously performing the act of guarding or keeping something or someone. It can be used in contexts where vigilance or preservation is implied.

Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΤΗΡΕΩ, ΦΡΟΥΡΕΩ

Etymology: The word φυλάσσω (phylassō) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to φύλαξ (phylax), meaning 'guard' or 'watcher'.

G724

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: har-pa-GAYS

Translations: plunder, spoil, a plunder, a spoil, robbery, a robbery

Notes: This word refers to the act of plundering, seizing, or carrying off by force, or the spoils obtained from such an act. It describes something that has been snatched away or taken violently. It can be used to refer to the act of robbery or the items stolen.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΡΠΑΓΗ, ΛΑΦΥΡΟΝ, ΣΚΥΛΟΝ

Etymology: The word comes from the verb ἁρπάζω (harpazō), meaning 'to seize, snatch, carry off'.

G2892

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Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: koh-mis-THEN-tah

Translations: having been brought, having been carried, having been received, having been conveyed, having been obtained, having been recovered

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'κομίζω' (komizo), meaning 'to carry,' 'to bring,' or 'to receive.' As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred, functioning like an adjective to modify a noun or pronoun. It indicates that something has been brought, carried, or received by someone.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Neuter

Synonyms: ΦΕΡΟΜΕΝΑ, ΛΑΒΟΝΤΑ, ΚΟΜΙΣΑΝΤΑ

Etymology: The word 'κομίζω' (komizo) is believed to derive from 'κομέω' (komeo), meaning 'to take care of' or 'to attend to,' which itself comes from 'κόμη' (kome), meaning 'hair' or 'head,' implying a sense of 'taking care of one's head' or 'providing for oneself.' Over time, its meaning evolved to 'bring,' 'carry,' or 'receive.'

G5119

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Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: TOH-teh

Translations: then, at that time, at that moment, thereupon, therefore

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'then' or 'at that time'. It is used to indicate a point in time, often referring to a past or future event that follows another. It can also be used to introduce a consequence or result, similar to 'therefore' or 'in that case'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΕΙΤΑ, ΕΙΤΑ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The word ΤΟΤΕ is a primary adverb, meaning it is not derived from another word in Greek. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun 'το' (this/that).

G1519, G1487, G1488

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb

Sounds like: E

Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are

Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).

G2753

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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: keh-LEH-on-tos

Translations: of commanding, of ordering, of bidding, of urging, of enjoining

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'κελεύω', meaning 'to command' or 'to order'. It describes someone who is in the act of commanding or giving an order. In this genitive form, it often indicates the source or agent of the command, functioning similarly to 'of the one commanding' or 'by the one who commands'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Present, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΕΝΤΕΛΛΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΣΤΑΣΣΩ, ΕΠΙΤΑΤΤΩ

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G2300

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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: theh-AH-sah-meh-noy

Translations: having seen, seeing, beholding, observing, looking at

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'theaomai', meaning 'to behold' or 'to gaze upon'. It describes an action of seeing or observing that has already occurred or is ongoing, often with a sense of wonder, attention, or contemplation. It is used to describe someone who has seen something and is now in a state resulting from that observation. It is a compound word, but its parts are not easily separable into distinct meanings.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΟΡΑΩ, ΕΙΔΟΝ

G4329

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-ET-rekh-on

Translations: they were running to, they were running toward, they were running up to, they were running alongside

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to' or 'toward,' and the verb τρέχω (trechō), meaning 'to run.' The word describes an action of running in a specific direction, usually towards someone or something, or running alongside. It is used to indicate continuous or repeated action in the past, often implying a sense of urgency or purpose in the movement.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΣΕΓΓΙΖΩ, ΠΡΟΣΔΡΑΜΩΝ

G1907

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-is-KHEIN

Translations: to hold back, to restrain, to stop, to check, to delay, to wait, to pay attention, to apply oneself

Notes: This word is the aorist infinitive form of the verb 'ἐπέχω' (epechō). It means to hold back, restrain, or stop something or someone. It can also mean to delay, to wait, or to pay attention to something, depending on the context. It implies a sense of holding firm or applying oneself to a task.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΚΩΛΥΩ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΑΝΑΣΤΕΛΛΩ

Etymology: The word ἐπέχω (epechō) is a compound word formed from the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'at', and the verb ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'.

G3982

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-pee-STHAY-san

Translations: they were persuaded, they were convinced, they obeyed, they trusted

Notes: This word describes an action where a group of people were persuaded, convinced, or brought to a state of belief or obedience. It implies that they yielded to an argument, evidence, or authority, resulting in a change of mind or action. It is often used in contexts where someone is convinced to do something or to believe something.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΠΙΣΤΕΥΩ, ΥΠΑΚΟΥΩ

G4328

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pros-doh-KOHN-tes

Translations: expecting, waiting for, looking for, anticipating

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'expecting' or 'waiting for'. It describes someone who is actively anticipating something or someone. It is often used to indicate a state of hopeful or anxious expectation, and can be used to describe people who are looking forward to a future event or the arrival of a person.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΜΕΝΟΝΤΕΣ, ΠΡΟΣΔΕΧΟΜΕΝΟΙ, ΑΠΕΚΔΕΧΟΜΕΝΟΙ

G1899

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Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: eh-pei-DAN

Translations: when, whenever, after, since

Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a temporal clause, meaning 'when' or 'whenever', indicating a point in time or a recurring event. It can also introduce a causal clause, meaning 'since' or 'because'. It is a compound word formed from 'ἐπεί' (epei) meaning 'when, since' and 'ἄν' (an), a particle that often indicates potentiality or indefiniteness.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ὍΤΑΝ, ὍΤΕ, ἘΠΕΙ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΕΙΔΑΝ is a compound of the conjunction ἘΠΕΙ (epei), meaning 'when' or 'since', and the particle ἈΝ (an), which adds a sense of indefiniteness or potentiality to the clause it introduces.

G3670

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ho-mo-lo-GAY-soh

Translations: I will confess, I will acknowledge, I will profess, I will declare, I will promise

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to confess,' 'to acknowledge,' 'to profess,' or 'to declare.' It is used to express agreement, admission, or open declaration of something. In a sentence, it indicates a future action of making a statement or acknowledging a truth, often publicly or formally. It can also imply a promise or an agreement.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Future, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΕΞΟΜΟΛΟΓΕΩ, ΛΕΓΩ, ΦΗΜΙ

G4314

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G5083

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: teh-tay-RAY-keh-nai

Translations: to have kept, to have observed, to have guarded, to have preserved

Notes: This word is the perfect active infinitive form of the verb 'τηρέω' (tēreō), which means 'to keep', 'to guard', or 'to observe'. As a perfect infinitive, it describes an action that has been completed in the past and whose results continue into the present. It is often used to express the idea of having maintained or preserved something.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΦΥΛΑΣΣΩ, ΕΧΩ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩ

Etymology: The word 'τηρέω' (tēreō) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to 'τέρας' (teras), meaning 'sign' or 'wonder', implying a sense of watching or observing closely.

G3670

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Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: oh-moh-loh-gee-KO-tah

Translations: having confessed, having agreed, having acknowledged, those who have confessed, those who have agreed, those who have acknowledged

Notes: This word is a perfect active participle derived from the verb 'homologeo'. It describes someone or something that has already performed the action of confessing, agreeing, or acknowledging. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, modifying a noun, and can also be used substantively (as a noun) to refer to 'those who have confessed' or 'the one who has agreed'.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΜΟΛΟΓΟΥΝΤΕΣ, ΣΥΜΦΩΝΟΥΝΤΕΣ

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The Life of Flavius Josephus, Chapter 28

Interlinear version from Life of Flavius Josephus, The (Beta)

28:136

28:137

28:138

28:139

28:140

This interlinear database is in beta