Home / Interlinears (Beta) / Life of Flavius Josephus, The / The Life of Flavius Josephus / Chapter 7The Life of Flavius Josephus, Chapter 7
Interlinear version from Life of Flavius Josephus, The (Beta)
G3528
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: nee-kee-THEN-tos
Translations: (of) having been conquered, (of) having been overcome, (of) having been defeated
Notes: This word is a genitive singular masculine or neuter aorist passive participle derived from the verb 'νικάω' (nikaō), meaning 'to conquer' or 'to overcome'. As a passive participle, it describes someone or something that has been conquered or overcome. It functions adjectivally or substantively, often indicating the cause or circumstance of an action, similar to saying 'when someone was conquered' or 'because someone was conquered'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Aorist, Passive
Synonyms: ΗΤΤΑΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΑΒΑΛΛΩ
G3767
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: OON
Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed
Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.
G5613
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition
Sounds like: OHS
Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that
Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.
G5346
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EH-pha-men
Translations: we were saying, we said, we spoke
Notes: This is the first person plural imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'φημί' (phēmi), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It describes an action that was ongoing or habitual in the past, or an action that occurred in the past from the perspective of the speaker. It is used to indicate what 'we' (the speakers or writers) were saying or had said.
Inflection: First Person, Plural, Imperfect, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΕΙΠΩΝ, ΛΑΛΕΩ
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: KES-tee-oo
Translations: of Cestius, Cestius
Notes: This word refers to Cestius, specifically Gaius Cestius Gallus, a Roman legate of Syria. The form "ΚΕΣΤΙΟΥ" is the genitive case of the name, indicating possession or origin, often translated as "of Cestius" or simply "Cestius" when the context implies possession or relation. It is used to refer to actions or events associated with him.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G2415
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: hee-eh-roh-soh-loo-MEE-tohn
Translations: (of) Jerusalemites, (of) inhabitants of Jerusalem
Notes: This word refers to the inhabitants or residents of Jerusalem. It is used to describe people who are from or associated with the city of Jerusalem.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
Etymology: The word is derived from 'Ιεροσόλυμα' (Hierosolyma), the Greek name for Jerusalem, and the suffix '-ίτης' (-ites), which denotes an inhabitant or a person belonging to a place.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection
Sounds like: OY
Translations: the, who, they, oh
Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.
Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.
G4413
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PRO-toy
Translations: first, foremost, chief, the first, the foremost, the chief, (to) the first, (to) the foremost, (to) the chief
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'first' in order, time, or importance. It can refer to the initial position, the earliest occurrence, or the highest rank. When used substantively, it refers to 'the first ones' or 'the chief ones'. It is often used to describe leaders or those who hold a prominent position.
Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Nominative or Dative
Synonyms: ΠΡΩΤΙΣΤΟΣ, ΠΡΩΤΕΥΣ
G2300
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: theh-AH-sah-meh-noy
Translations: having seen, seeing, beholding, observing, looking at
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'theaomai', meaning 'to behold' or 'to gaze upon'. It describes an action of seeing or observing that has already occurred or is ongoing, often with a sense of wonder, attention, or contemplation. It is used to describe someone who has seen something and is now in a state resulting from that observation. It is a compound word, but its parts are not easily separable into distinct meanings.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Masculine, Nominative, Plural
Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΟΡΑΩ, ΕΙΔΟΝ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOOS
Translations: the, them, those
Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).
G3303
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: MEN
Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however
Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.
G3027
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: lees-TAS
Translations: robbers, bandits, brigands
Notes: This word refers to robbers, bandits, or brigands. It describes someone who commits robbery, often with violence, and can be used to refer to a group of such individuals. In the provided context, it is used as the direct object, indicating those who are brought upon others.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΛΕΠΤΗΣ, ΑΡΠΑΞ
G0260
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition
Sounds like: AH-mah
Translations: at the same time, together, with, at once, simultaneously
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'at the same time' or 'together'. It emphasizes simultaneity or togetherness of actions or people. It can also function as an improper preposition, taking the dative case, to mean 'together with' or 'with'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΜΟΥ, ΣΥΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words signifying 'together' or 'at the same time' in various Indo-European languages.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toys
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: ΤΟΙΣ is the dative plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, but specifically indicates the indirect object or the recipient of an action, or location/instrument when used with a dative noun. It can be used with masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns in the plural.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into the definite article in Greek.
G3502
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: neh-oh-teh-ris-TAIS
Translations: to revolutionaries, to innovators, to seditionists, to agitators
Notes: This word refers to those who introduce new things, often with a negative connotation of stirring up trouble or sedition. It describes someone who is a revolutionary, an innovator, or an agitator, particularly in a political or social context. It is a compound word, derived from 'νεώτερος' (newer, younger) and a suffix indicating an agent.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΣΤΑΣΙΑΣΤΗΣ, ΤΑΡΑΧΟΠΟΙΟΣ
G2141
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: yoo-po-roo-MEH-noos
Translations: prospering, being prosperous, having means, being well-off, being wealthy, being resourceful
Notes: This word describes someone who is prosperous, well-off, or has sufficient means. It is often used to indicate a state of having plenty or being resourceful. In a sentence, it would describe individuals who are in a state of financial or material abundance.
Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Accusative, Present, Middle/Passive
Synonyms: ΠΛΟΥΣΙΟΥΣ, ΕΥ̓ΘΗΝΟΥΝΤΑΣ
Etymology: The word εὐπορέω (euporeō) comes from εὔπορος (euporos), meaning 'easy to pass through, resourceful, prosperous', which is a compound of εὖ (eu, 'well') and πόρος (poros, 'passage, means, resource').
G3696
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: OP-lon
Translations: of arms, of weapons, of armor, of implements, of tools
Notes: This word refers to instruments or tools of any kind, but most commonly to weapons, arms, or armor used in warfare. It can also refer to implements or tools in a broader sense. As a genitive plural, it indicates possession or origin, often translated with "of" or implying a relationship to the arms/weapons.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΜΑΧΑΙΡΑ, ΞΙΦΟΣ, ΠΑΝΟΠΛΙΑ
G1167
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: DAY-san-tes
Translations: fearing, having feared, being afraid, having been afraid
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning "having feared" or "being afraid." It describes an action that happened in the past and resulted in a state of fear. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, and can be translated as a clause (e.g., "those who feared" or "when they feared"). It is often used to describe the state of someone who has experienced fear.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Plural, Nominative
Synonyms: ΦΟΒΗΘΕΝΤΕΣ, ΕΚΦΟΒΟΙ
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Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral
Sounds like: DEL-tah
Translations: Delta, four, 4
Notes: Δ (Delta) is the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet. In the Greek numeral system, it represents the number four. It is also used as a symbol in various contexts, including mathematics and science, though its primary function in Koine Greek texts is as a letter or a numeral.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The Greek letter Delta is derived from the Phoenician letter Dalet, which means 'door'.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOY
Translations: they, them, themselves, these, those
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun that can function in several ways. It can be used as an intensive pronoun meaning 'self' or 'themselves', emphasizing the subject. It can also serve as a simple third-person pronoun meaning 'he, she, it, they' or 'him, her, it, them'. When used with the article, it often functions as an adjective meaning 'the same'.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
G3361
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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb
Sounds like: MAY
Translations: not, lest, no, do not
Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.
G0424
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-NOP-loy
Translations: unarmed, without arms, defenseless
Notes: This word describes someone or something that is without weapons or means of defense. It is a compound word formed from the prefix 'ἀν-' (an-), meaning 'without' or 'not', and 'ὅπλον' (hoplon), meaning 'weapon' or 'armor'. It is used to describe individuals or groups who are not equipped for combat or self-protection.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ἈΜΑΧΟΙ, ἈΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΟΙ
G2525
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ka-thes-TEE-ko-tes
Translations: appointed, established, constituted, set, placed, made, standing, being
Notes: This word is the perfect active participle, masculine plural, nominative case of the verb 'kathistēmi'. It describes those who have been appointed, established, or set in a particular position or state. It can refer to people who are in a standing or existing condition, or who have been made or constituted in some capacity. It implies a state of being firmly in place or having been formally designated.
Inflection: Perfect, Active, Participle, Masculine, Plural, Nominative
Synonyms: ΤΕΤΑΓΜΕΝΟΙ, ΚΑΘΙΣΤΑΜΕΝΟΙ, ΓΕΓΟΝΟΤΕΣ
G5259
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: hoo-po-KHEI-ree-oi
Translations: subject to, under the power of, in the hands of, under control of
Notes: This word describes someone or something that is under the power, authority, or control of another. It implies being in a subordinate or dependent position, literally "under hand." It is used to indicate that someone is at the disposal of another or is subject to their will.
Inflection: Nominative, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΥΠΟΤΑΚΤΟΣ, ΔΟΥΛΟΣ, ΥΠΗΚΟΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΥΠΟΧΕΙΡΙΟΣ (hypocheirios) is a compound word formed from the preposition ΥΠΟ (hypo), meaning "under," and the noun ΧΕΙΡ (cheir), meaning "hand." Thus, it literally means "under hand."
G1096
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: geh-NOHN-tai
Translations: they may become, they may be, they may come to pass, they may happen, they may arise
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'to become' or 'to be'. It signifies coming into existence, happening, or turning into something. It is often used to describe events unfolding or states being achieved.
Inflection: Third Person Plural, Aorist, Subjunctive, Middle Voice
Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΠΟΙΕΩ
G2190
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ekh-THROYSS
Translations: to enemies, to foes
Notes: This word refers to those who are hostile or adversarial. It is used to describe individuals or groups who are opposed to someone or something, often in a military or personal conflict. In a sentence, it would typically function as the indirect object, indicating the recipient of an action, such as 'giving something to enemies' or 'speaking to foes'.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΠΟΛΕΜΙΟΙ, ἈΝΤΙΚΕΙΜΕΝΟΙ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter
Sounds like: OH
Translations: the, who, which, O
Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)
Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G3326
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: MEH-tah
Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides
Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TOW-tah
Translations: these, these things
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'these' or 'these things'. It refers to something previously mentioned or understood from the context, pointing it out specifically. As a pronoun, it stands in place of a noun, while as an adjective, it modifies a noun.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
G4845
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: soon-eh-BEH
Translations: it happened, it came to pass, it occurred, it befell
Notes: This is an impersonal verb form meaning 'it happened' or 'it occurred'. It describes an event or circumstance that took place, often used to introduce a consequence or a development in a narrative. It is typically used in the third person singular.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΑΠΟΒΑΙΝΩ
Etymology: The word συμβαίνω (symbainō) is a compound word formed from the preposition σύν (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb βαίνω (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to step'. Thus, it literally means 'to go together' or 'to come together', which evolved into the meaning 'to happen' or 'to occur'.
G4441
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: py-THOH-meh-noy
Translations: having learned, having heard, having inquired, having ascertained, having found out
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'πυνθάνομαι', meaning 'to learn by inquiry', 'to hear', or 'to find out'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred or is ongoing, often indicating the cause or circumstance of the main verb's action. It implies gaining knowledge through investigation or receiving information.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Masculine, Nominative, Plural
Synonyms: ΑΚΟΥΣΑΝΤΕΣ, ΜΑΘΟΝΤΕΣ, ΕΥΡΟΝΤΕΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰ-n-ske- (to be awake, to observe, to learn), related to the root *bʰeudʰ- (to be awake, to perceive). It is cognate with Latin fundus (bottom, foundation) and English 'bottom'. The sense evolved from 'to perceive' to 'to learn by inquiry'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TANE
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.
G1056
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: gah-li-LAI-an
Translations: Galilee
Notes: This word refers to Galilee, a significant region in northern ancient Israel. It is often used to indicate movement towards or into this region, or as the direct object of an action.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
G3768
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OO-poh
Translations: not yet
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'not yet'. It indicates that an action or state has not occurred up to the present moment, but implies that it may happen in the future. It is often used to express a delay or an unfulfilled expectation.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΔΕΠΩ, ΟΥ̓ΚΕΤΙ
Etymology: This word is a compound of the negative particle ΟΥ̓ (ou), meaning 'not', and the enclitic particle ΠΩ (pō), meaning 'yet' or 'at all'.
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PA-san
Translations: all, every, whole, an entire
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all', 'every', or 'whole'. It is used to indicate the totality or completeness of something. For example, it can be used to say 'all people' or 'every house'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G4514
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: roh-MAI-ohn
Translations: of Romans, of the Romans
Notes: This word refers to the people of Rome or the Roman Empire. It is used here in the genitive plural, indicating possession or origin, often translated as 'of the Romans' or 'belonging to the Romans'.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine
Etymology: The word Ῥωμαῖος (Rhomaios) is derived from Ῥώμη (Rhōmē), the Greek name for Rome. It refers to an inhabitant of the city or empire of Rome.
G0868
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-fes-TAH-nai
Translations: to revolt, to withdraw, to depart, to stand away from, to fall away, to abandon
Notes: This word is the perfect active infinitive form of the verb 'aphistēmi'. It describes a completed action of revolting, withdrawing, or departing from someone or something. It can be used to indicate a separation, either physically or in terms of allegiance, often implying a defection or rebellion.
Inflection: Perfect, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ἈΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ἈΠΟΔΙΔΡΑΣΚΩ, ἈΠΟΛΕΙΠΩ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀπό (apo, "from") + ἵστημι (histēmi, "to stand"). It literally means "to stand away from."
G3313
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: MEH-ross
Translations: part, a part, share, a share, portion, a portion, region, a region, side, a side
Notes: This word refers to a part, share, or portion of something. It can also denote a region or a side. It is commonly used to indicate a division or segment of a whole, or a specific area or direction.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΜΟΙΡΑ, ΚΛΗΡΟΣ, ΤΜΗΜΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *smer- 'to allot, assign'. It is related to the verb μείρομαι (meiromai), meaning 'to receive one's share'.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TES
Translations: (of) her, her, (of) it, its
Notes: This word is a form of the third-person pronoun 'autos'. It is used to refer to a singular feminine noun that has already been mentioned or is understood from the context. It indicates possession or is used after prepositions that require the genitive case. For example, it could mean 'her' (as in 'her house') or 'of her'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
G2270
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: hay-reh-MEIN
Translations: to be quiet, to be at rest, to keep quiet, to remain quiet, to be still, to be calm
Notes: This verb means to be quiet, to be at rest, or to remain still. It describes a state of tranquility or cessation from activity. It can be used to describe a person, a place, or a situation that is calm or undisturbed.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΗΣΥΧΑΖΩ, ΚΟΙΜΑΩ
Etymology: The word ἠρεμέω (ēremeō) is derived from ἤρεμος (ēremos), meaning 'quiet, still, tranquil'. Its origin is uncertain but is thought to be pre-Greek.
G2089
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: eh-TEE
Translations: still, yet, further, more
Notes: This word is an adverb indicating continuation in time or degree. It can mean 'still' or 'yet' when referring to something that is ongoing or has not happened yet. It can also mean 'further' or 'more' when adding to something or indicating an additional quantity or action.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΕΤΙ, ἘΤΙΔΕ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *eti 'beyond, further'. It is related to Latin et 'and, also'.
G3992
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: PEM-poo-sin
Translations: they send, they are sending, they do send
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to send' or 'to dispatch'. It is used to describe the action of one or more people sending something or someone. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'they send a messenger' or 'they send gifts'.
Inflection: 3rd Person, Plural, Present Tense, Indicative Mood, Active Voice
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ
G1691
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-MEH
Translations: me
Notes: This word is the accusative singular form of the first-person pronoun, meaning 'me'. It is used as the direct object of a verb or after certain prepositions that take the accusative case, indicating the recipient of an action or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, First Person
G1417
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: DEE-oh
Translations: two
Notes: This word is a cardinal numeral meaning 'two'. It is used to indicate a quantity of two of something. It is indeclinable, meaning its form does not change regardless of gender, case, or number.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is cognate with English 'two'.
G0243
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: AL-looce
Translations: others, other, another, different
Notes: This word refers to 'other' people or things, distinct from those already mentioned or implied. It is used to indicate a different one or a different group. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'He saw others' meaning he saw different people.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ἙΤΕΡΟΣ
G2409
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: hee-eh-REH-ohn
Translations: of priests
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the noun 'ἱερεύς' (hiereus), meaning 'priest'. It is used to indicate possession or origin, often translated as 'of priests' or 'belonging to priests'. For example, one might speak of 'the garments of priests' or 'the lineage of priests'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
G2570
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: kah-LOOS
Translations: good, beautiful, noble, fine, excellent, fair
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning good, beautiful, noble, or fine. It describes the quality or nature of something, often implying moral excellence, attractiveness, or suitability. It can be used to describe people, things, or actions.
Inflection: Accusative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΑΓΑΘΟΣ, ΩΡΑΙΟΣ, ΕΥΓΕΝΗΣ
G2532, G0018
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: kah-gah-THOOS
Translations: and good, and noble, and virtuous, and honorable
Notes: This word is a contraction of the conjunction 'καὶ' (kai), meaning 'and', and the adjective 'ἀγαθούς' (agathous), meaning 'good' or 'noble'. It is often used in the phrase 'καλοὺς κἀγαθοὺς' (kalous kagathous), meaning 'good and noble' or 'honorable and virtuous', typically referring to men of high moral character. It functions as an adjective modifying a noun, or can be used substantively to refer to 'the good and noble ones'.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΑΛΟΥΣ, ΕΣΘΛΟΥΣ, ΧΡΗΣΤΟΥΣ
G0435
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: AHN-dras
Translations: men, a man, husbands, a husband
Notes: This word refers to adult males, men, or husbands. It is often used in contrast to women or children, or to denote a person of authority or maturity. It can also refer to a human being in general, but typically emphasizes the male gender.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ, ΑΡΣΗΝ
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: YOH-zah-ron
Translations: Jozaron
Notes: This is a proper noun, likely referring to a person's name. It is used to identify a specific individual within a narrative.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: The etymology of this specific proper noun is not readily available in standard Koine Greek lexicons. It appears to be a transliteration of a Semitic name.
G2448
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ee-oo-DAN
Translations: Judah, Jude
Notes: This word refers to Judah, the fourth son of Jacob and Leah, or to the tribe and kingdom descended from him. It is used to denote the geographical region, the people, or the historical entity of Judah. In the provided context, it refers to the land or people of Judah.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
G3982
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: pay-SON-tas
Translations: those who will persuade, the ones who will persuade, to persuade, about to persuade
Notes: This word is a future participle, meaning 'those who will persuade' or 'about to persuade'. It is used to describe individuals or groups who are in the process of, or are intended to, convince or win over others. As an accusative plural, it often functions as the object of a verb, indicating the purpose or outcome of an action, such as 'sending them to persuade'.
Inflection: Accusative, Masculine, Plural, Future Participle
Synonyms: ΠΕΙΘΟΝΤΑΣ, ΠΕΙΘΟΝΤΕΣ
Etymology: The word πείθω (peithō) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *bheidh-, meaning 'to trust, to persuade'. It is related to concepts of trust, belief, and obedience.
G4190
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: po-nee-ROOS
Translations: evil, wicked, bad, mischievous, malicious
Notes: This word describes something or someone as evil, wicked, or bad. It can refer to moral depravity, harmfulness, or general poor quality. It is often used to describe people who are morally corrupt or actions that are harmful. In the provided examples, it describes 'evil ones' (plural) and 'evil thoughts'.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΣ, ΦΑΥΛΟΣ, ΑΝΟΜΟΣ
G2698
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kah-tah-THES-thai
Translations: to lay down, to put down, to deposit, to place, to store, to entrust
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata, meaning 'down' or 'against') and the verb τίθημι (tithēmi, meaning 'to place' or 'to put'). It generally means to lay something down, to put it in a specific place, or to deposit it. In a financial or legal context, it can mean to deposit money or to entrust something to someone. It can also be used metaphorically, such as to lay down one's life.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΑΠΟΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΕΝΤΙΘΗΜΙ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.
G3696
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: OP-lah
Translations: arms, weapons, armor, hoofs
Notes: This word is a plural noun that can refer to military equipment such as arms, weapons, or armor. It can also refer to the hoofs of an animal. Its meaning depends on the context in which it is used.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΠΛΙΣΙΣ, ΟΠΛΙΣΜΟΣ, ΟΝΥΞ
Etymology: The word ὅπλον (hoplon) is believed to be derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sep-, meaning 'to handle, to grasp'. It originally referred to any tool or implement, and later specialized to mean 'weapon' or 'armor'.
G1321
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: dee-DAX-on-tas
Translations: teaching, about to teach, who will teach, to teach
Notes: This word is a future active participle derived from the verb 'to teach'. It describes someone who is in the act of teaching, or who is about to teach, or whose purpose is to teach. It functions adjectivally, modifying a noun or pronoun, indicating the subject's future action of teaching.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine, Future, Active, Participle
Synonyms: ΜΑΘΗΤΕΥΩ, ΠΑΙΔΕΥΩ
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ES-tin
Translations: is, a is
Notes: This word is the third person singular present indicative form of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It means 'he is', 'she is', 'it is', or 'there is'. It is used to express existence, identity, or a state of being, often linking a subject to a predicate. It can also imply 'exists' or 'happens'.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
G290
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb
Sounds like: ah-MEH-ee-non
Translations: better, more excellent, more advantageously, more profitably
Notes: This word is the comparative form of the adjective 'ἀγαθός' (agathos), meaning 'good'. It signifies 'better' or 'more excellent' and can function as both an adjective, describing a noun, or an adverb, modifying a verb or another adjective, indicating something is done 'more excellently' or 'more advantageously'. It is often used in constructions comparing two things or actions.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative; or Adverbial
Synonyms: ΚΡΕΙΤΤΩΝ, ΒΕΛΤΙΩΝ
Etymology: The word ἀμείνων (ameinōn) is the irregular comparative form of ἀγαθός (agathos, 'good'). Its origin is ancient, tracing back to Proto-Indo-European roots related to strength or excellence.
G2909
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: kra-TIS-toys
Translations: best, strongest, most excellent, most powerful, most noble, most honorable
Notes: This word is the superlative form of 'strong' or 'powerful', meaning 'strongest' or 'most powerful'. It can also refer to someone or something that is 'best', 'most excellent', 'most noble', or 'most honorable'. It is often used as a respectful address, similar to 'most excellent sir' or 'your excellency'. In the provided examples, it seems to refer to the 'best' or 'most excellent' things or people.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter, Superlative
Synonyms: ΑΡΙΣΤΟΣ, ΒΕΛΤΙΣΤΟΣ, ΙΣΧΥΡΟΤΑΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΚΡΑΤΙΣΤΟΣ (kratistos) is the superlative form of the adjective κρατύς (kratys), meaning 'strong' or 'mighty'. It is related to the noun κράτος (kratos), meaning 'strength', 'power', or 'dominion'.
G1484
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ETH-noos
Translations: of a nation, of the nation, of a people, of the people, of a Gentile, of the Gentile, of a heathen, of the heathen
Notes: This word refers to a nation, a people, or a race, often used in the context of non-Israelite peoples or Gentiles. It can also refer to a group of people united by common descent, language, or culture. In the New Testament, it frequently distinguishes between Jews and non-Jews (Gentiles).
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΛΑΟΣ, ΦΥΛΗ, ΓΕΝΟΣ
Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to ἔθος (ethos, 'custom, habit'), suggesting a group united by common customs.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: ow-TAH
Translations: them, these things, it, the same
Notes: This word is an inflection of the pronoun/adjective 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ' (autos). In this form, it functions as a neuter plural pronoun, meaning 'them' or 'these things', referring to inanimate objects or concepts. It can also be used as an adjective meaning 'the same'. It typically serves as the subject or direct object of a verb.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΙ, ἘΚΕΙΝΑ
G5083
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: tay-REES-thigh
Translations: to be kept, to be guarded, to be observed, to be preserved, to be watched
Notes: This word is the present passive infinitive form of the verb 'τηρέω'. It means 'to be kept', 'to be guarded', 'to be observed', or 'to be preserved'. It describes an action being done to the subject, rather than by the subject, and indicates a state of being maintained or protected. It can be used in contexts ranging from physical custody to the observance of laws or traditions.
Inflection: Present, Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΦΥΛΑΣΣΕΣΘΑΙ, ΔΙΑΦΥΛΑΣΣΕΣΘΑΙ
Etymology: The word τηρέω (tēreō) is of uncertain origin, but it is an ancient Greek verb meaning 'to watch over, guard, keep'.
G1097
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eg-NOH-stoh
Translations: was known, it was known, was recognized, it was recognized
Notes: This is a verb form indicating that something 'was known' or 'was recognized'. It describes a past state of being known or understood. It is often used impersonally, meaning 'it was known'.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ἘΓΝΩΡΙΣΘΗ, ἘΦΑΝΕΡΩΘΗ
G1161
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: DEH
Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however
Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.
G5124
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TOO-toys
Translations: (to) these, (for) these, (with) these, (by) these
Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective meaning 'this' or 'that'. It points to something specific, indicating 'these things' or 'these people'. As a dative case, it often indicates the indirect object of a verb, the recipient of an action, or the means/instrument by which something is done. It can be translated as 'to these', 'for these', 'with these', or 'by these', depending on the context.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
Synonyms: ΟΥ͂ΤΟΙ, ἘΚΕΊΝΟΙΣ
G0104
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: ah-EH-ee
Translations: always, ever, continually, at all times
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'always' or 'ever'. It indicates something that happens without interruption, continuously, or at all times. It can be used to describe an action or state that is perpetual or ongoing.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΑΝΤΟΤΕ, ΔΙΑΠΑΝΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word 'ἈΕΙ' comes from an ancient root meaning 'ever' or 'always'. It is related to words indicating duration or perpetuity.
G2192
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EKH-ayn
Translations: to have, to hold, to possess, to be able, to keep, to get
Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It is used to express possession, a state of being, or ability. As an infinitive, it often functions like a noun, serving as the subject or object of another verb, or it can complete the meaning of another verb.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΚΕΚΤΗΜΑΙ, ΚΡΑΤΕΩ
G4314
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PROSS
Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to
Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).
Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G3195
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: MEL-lon
Translations: about to, going to, destined to, future, that which is about to be, the future
Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb 'μέλλω', meaning 'to be about to' or 'to be destined to'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, describing something that is imminent or will happen in the future. It can refer to a future event or a person/thing that is on the verge of doing something or experiencing something.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative
G2092
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: eh-TOY-mah
Translations: ready, prepared, in readiness
Notes: This word describes something or someone as being ready, prepared, or in a state of readiness. It can refer to things that are made ready, or people who are prepared for an action or event. It is often used to indicate a state of preparedness for a future action or situation.
Inflection: Feminine, Nominative/Vocative Singular; or Feminine, Nominative/Vocative/Accusative Plural
Synonyms: ΕΥΠΡΕΠΗΣ, ΠΑΡΑΣΚΕΥΑΣΜΕΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word ἕτοιμος (hetoimos) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to an old Indo-European root meaning 'to be at hand' or 'to be present'.
G4037
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: peh-ree-MEH-neen
Translations: to wait, to wait for, to await, to expect
Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from 'περί' (around, about) and 'μένω' (to remain, to stay). It means to wait for someone or something, to await an event, or to expect something to happen. It implies a period of staying or remaining in a place while anticipating an arrival or outcome.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΔΟΚΑΩ, ΑΠΕΚΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΝΑΜΕΝΩ
G5101
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TEE
Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing
Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.
G4238
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: PRAX-oo-sin
Translations: they will do, they will practice, they will accomplish, they will perform
Notes: This word is a verb in the future tense, indicating an action that will happen. It means to do, practice, accomplish, or perform. It is used to describe what a group of people will carry out or bring about.
Inflection: Future, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ
G4514
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: roh-MAI-oy
Translations: Romans, a Roman
Notes: This word refers to the inhabitants of Rome or the Roman Empire. It is used to denote the people collectively or individually. In the provided examples, it consistently refers to the Roman people or officials.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
G3129
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ma-THEIN
Translations: to learn, to understand, to be taught, to find out
Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'μανθάνω'. It means 'to learn' or 'to understand' something. It is often used to express the purpose or result of an action, indicating that someone is acquiring knowledge or information. For example, one might 'go to learn' or 'send someone to find out'.
Inflection: Infinitive, Aorist, Active
Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *mn̥-dʰh₁- (to put one's mind to), related to English 'mind'.
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