2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: DEE

Translations: through, by means of, on account of, because of, 14

Notes: This word is most commonly an elided form of the preposition ΔΙΑ (dia), meaning 'through', 'by means of', 'on account of', or 'because of'. It is used to indicate the means by which something is done or the reason for an action. It can also represent the Greek numeral 14, indicated by a keraia (a mark similar to an apostrophe) which is often omitted in transcription.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or numeral)

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΥΠΟ, ΕΝΕΚΕΝ

Etymology: The preposition ΔΙΑ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G1747

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: eh-NEH-dras

Translations: ambush, an ambush, lying in wait, a trap, a snare

Notes: This word refers to a hidden position from which to make a surprise attack, or the act of lying in wait. It can also refer to a trap or snare set to catch someone. It is often used in contexts of deception or hostile intent.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΟΛΟΣ, ΠΑΓΙΣ, ΕΠΙΒΟΥΛΗ

Etymology: From the Greek preposition ἐν (en, 'in') and the noun ἕδρα (hedra, 'seat, sitting'). It literally means 'a sitting in' or 'a sitting in wait'.

G2983

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: lah-BANE

Translations: to take, to receive, to get, to seize, to grasp, to obtain

Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. As an infinitive, it functions like the English 'to take' or 'to receive', indicating the action itself without specifying a subject or tense, often used after other verbs or prepositions. It can refer to physically taking something, receiving a gift or information, or grasping a concept.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ, ΑΙΡΕΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *slegh- ('to seize, to take'). In Greek, it developed into 'λαμβάνω', meaning 'to take, to grasp, to receive'.

G2532

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G4862

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: soon

Translations: with, together with, along with

Notes: ΣΥΝ is a preposition that typically takes the dative case, meaning 'with' or 'together with', indicating association, accompaniment, or union. It is also very commonly used as a prefix in compound words, where it conveys the idea of 'togetherness', 'union', 'completion', or 'joint action'. For example, 'συντρίβω' (syntribo) means 'to break together' or 'to crush', and 'συνκαίω' (synkaio) means 'to burn together'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.

Synonyms: ΜΕΤΑ, ΟΜΟΥ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kom, meaning 'with' or 'beside'. It is cognate with Latin 'cum' and English 'co-' or 'con-'.

G0846

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

G3992

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: PEM-psas

Translations: having sent, one who sent, he who sent, when he had sent

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'πέμπω' (pempō), meaning 'to send'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that occurred prior to the main verb. It can be translated as 'having sent' or 'one who sent', indicating the person or thing that performed the action of sending.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ, ΙΣΤΗΜΙ

G4314

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G3870

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: par-eh-ka-LOON

Translations: they were calling alongside, they were exhorting, they were comforting, they were appealing to, they were entreating, they were encouraging

Notes: This word is the third person plural imperfect active indicative form of the verb παρακαλέω (parakaleō). It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, meaning 'they were calling someone to their side,' 'they were exhorting,' 'they were comforting,' 'they were appealing to,' or 'they were encouraging.' It implies a continuous or habitual action of summoning, urging, or consoling.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΑΚΑΛΟΥΝΤΕΣ, ΠΑΡΑΚΑΛΟΥΜΕΝΟΙ, ΠΑΡΑΚΑΛΟΥΣΙΝ

Etymology: The word παρακαλέω is a compound of παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside,' and καλέω (kaleō), meaning 'to call.' Thus, its core meaning is 'to call to one's side.'

G3641

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: o-LI-gon

Translations: little, a little, few, a few, small, a small amount, short, a short time, briefly

Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'little' or 'few', or as an adverb meaning 'a little' or 'briefly'. As an adjective, it describes a small quantity or number of something. As an adverb, it indicates a small degree or duration of an action. It is often used to denote scarcity or brevity.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative (as an adjective); Does not inflect (as an adverb)

Synonyms: ΜΙΚΡΟΣ, ΒΡΑΧΥΣ

Etymology: The word ὈΛΙΓΟΣ (oligos) is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be related to words meaning 'small' or 'scanty'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G3939

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: pah-rah-fy-LAX-on-tone

Translations: of those who will guard, of those who will watch over, of those who will keep watch, of those who will observe carefully

Notes: This is a compound word formed from 'παρά' (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and 'φυλάσσω' (phylassō), meaning 'to guard' or 'to keep'. As a whole, it means to guard or watch over carefully, to observe closely, or to keep watch. It describes an action of vigilant oversight or protection.

Inflection: Future Active Participle, Genitive, Plural, All Genders

Synonyms: ΦΥΛΑΣΣΩ, ΤΗΡΕΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΧΩ

Etymology: The word παραφυλάσσω (paraphylassō) is derived from the preposition παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and the verb φυλάσσω (phylassō), meaning 'to guard' or 'to watch'. The prefix παρά intensifies the meaning of guarding, implying a close or careful watch.

G1063

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G5346

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-FAYN

Translations: I said, he said, she said, it said

Notes: This is the first aorist active indicative form of the verb 'φημί' (phēmi), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to report what someone said in the past, often translated as 'I said' or 'he/she/it said' depending on the context. It can refer to a specific utterance or a general statement made previously.

Inflection: First Aorist, Active, Indicative, Singular, First or Third Person

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΕΙΠΩΝ, ΛΑΛΕΩ

Etymology: The verb φημί (phēmi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeh₂- meaning 'to speak, tell, say'. It is related to Latin fari ('to speak') and English 'ban' (in the sense of proclamation).

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G4384

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pros-ta-SEE-an

Translations: protection, a protection, patronage, a patronage, guardianship, a guardianship, leadership, a leadership, administration, an administration, superintendence, a superintendence

Notes: This word refers to the act of standing before or over someone or something, implying protection, leadership, or administration. It describes the role or function of someone who provides oversight, care, or defense. It can also refer to the position of authority or responsibility itself.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΤΑΣΙΣ, ΕΠΙΜΕΛΕΙΑ, ΦΥΛΑΚΗ

G3303

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN

Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however

Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.

G3767

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OON

Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: dee-AH

Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G2771

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ker-DOOS

Translations: (of) gain, (of) profit, (of) advantage, (of) lucre

Notes: This word refers to gain, profit, or advantage, often in a financial or material sense. It can also refer to the benefit or advantage derived from something. It is typically used to describe the outcome of an action or transaction that results in something positive for the individual or group involved.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΕΡΔΟΣ, ΩΦΕΛΕΙΑ, ΠΛΕΟΝΕΞΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΚΕΡΔΟΣ (kerdos) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to an older root meaning 'to acquire' or 'to get'.

G3756

Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΉ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.

G3635

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: oh-KNEE-sen

Translations: he hesitated, she hesitated, it hesitated, he delayed, she delayed, it delayed, he shrunk back, she shrunk back, it shrunk back

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to hesitate', 'to delay', or 'to shrink back from doing something'. It is often used with an infinitive to express hesitation about performing an action. For example, one might hesitate to speak or hesitate to act.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΔΕΙΛΙΑΩ, ΟΚΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ὀκνέω (okneō) is derived from ὄκνος (oknos), meaning 'hesitation' or 'shrinking back'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G5299

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-pop-TEV-sas

Translations: suspecting, having suspected, to suspect, to be suspicious of, to distrust, to surmise

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'hypopteuō', meaning 'to suspect' or 'to be suspicious of'. It describes an action of having formed a suspicion or having distrusted someone or something. It is used to indicate that the subject of the sentence has already performed the action of suspecting.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΥΠΟΝΟΕΩ, ΥΠΟΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

Etymology: From 'hypo' (under) and 'optomai' (to see, to look). The word literally means 'to look under' or 'to look askance', implying a hidden or underlying suspicion.

G3306

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-MEI-nen

Translations: remained, abode, stayed, endured, continued

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'μένω' (menō), meaning 'to remain,' 'to abide,' 'to stay,' or 'to endure.' It describes an action that occurred in the past and was completed. It can be used to indicate that someone or something stayed in a particular place, continued in a certain state, or persevered through a situation.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΚΑΘΙΖΩ, ΠΑΡΑΜΕΝΩ, ΥΠΟΜΕΝΩ

G0305

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-nah-BAHN-tah

Translations: having gone up, having ascended, having come up, having risen, having climbed

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'anabainō', meaning 'to go up' or 'to ascend'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred, functioning like an adjective or adverb in a sentence. It indicates someone or something that has completed the action of going upwards, whether literally climbing a physical height or metaphorically rising in status or appearing.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΝΕΛΘΟΝΤΑ, ΑΝΙΟΝΤΑ

G3939

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pa-ra-fy-LAS-son-ton

Translations: of guarding, of watching, of observing, of keeping watch over

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'paraphylassō', meaning to guard, watch, or observe carefully. It implies a diligent and attentive act of keeping watch over something or someone, often with the intent to protect or to ensure compliance. In this form, it functions adjectivally or adverbially, describing the action of those who are guarding or watching.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Present, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΤΗΡΟΥΝΤΩΝ, ΦΥΛΑΣΣΟΝΤΩΝ

G5221

Part of Speech: Participle, Verb

Sounds like: hoo-pan-tee-AH-sas

Translations: having met, having encountered, meeting, encountering

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having met' or 'having encountered'. It describes an action that was completed before the action of the main verb in the sentence. It is used to indicate that someone came face to face with another person or thing, often unexpectedly or by appointment.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΝΤΑΩ, ΑΠΑΝΤΑΩ

Etymology: The word ΥΠΑΝΤΑΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΥΠΟ (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'to', and ΑΝΤΑΩ (antaō), meaning 'to meet' or 'to come opposite'.

G5037

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle

Sounds like: TEH

Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.

G5380

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: fee-loh-FROH-nohss

Translations: kindly, courteously, hospitably, in a friendly manner, graciously

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning "kindly" or "courteously." It describes an action performed with friendliness, goodwill, or hospitality. It is often used to describe how someone receives or treats another person, indicating a warm and welcoming disposition. It is derived from the adjective φιλόφρων (philophron), meaning "friendly" or "kind-hearted."

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΥΝΟΙΚΩΣ, ΕΥΜΕΝΩΣ, ΠΡΟΣΗΝΩΣ

G5485

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHA-rin

Translations: grace, favor, kindness, thanks, a grace, a favor, a kindness, a thanks

Notes: This word refers to grace, favor, or kindness, often implying a divine or unmerited gift. It can also mean thanks or gratitude. In its accusative form, as seen in ΧΑΡΙΝ, it often functions as the direct object of a verb, such as 'to find favor' or 'to give thanks'. It can also be used in adverbial phrases meaning 'for the sake of' or 'on account of'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΥΝΟΙΑ, ΔΩΡΟΝ, ΕΥΧΑΡΙΣΤΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΧΑΡΙΣ (charis) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰer- meaning 'to desire, to like'. It is related to words signifying joy, delight, and goodwill.

G3670

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: oh-moh-lo-GOON

Translations: they were confessing, they were acknowledging, they were agreeing, they confessed, they acknowledged, they agreed

Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'homologeo'. It describes an action of confessing, acknowledging, or agreeing that was ongoing or repeated in the past. It implies a continuous state of affirmation or admission, often in public or before others. For example, 'they were confessing their sins' or 'they were agreeing with the statement'.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΕΞΟΜΟΛΟΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΟΜΟΛΟΓΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΟΜΟΛΟΓΕΩ (homologeo) is a compound word derived from the Greek words ΟΜΟΣ (homos), meaning 'same' or 'one and the same', and ΛΟΓΟΣ (logos), meaning 'word' or 'speech'. Thus, it literally means 'to speak the same word' or 'to agree with what is said'.

G0305

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-nah-BAN-tee

Translations: (to) one who went up, (to) one who ascended, (to) one who came up

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, derived from the verb 'ἀναβαίνω' (anabainō), meaning 'to go up' or 'to ascend'. As a participle, it describes an action performed by someone or something, often functioning like an adjective or adverb. In this dative case, it indicates the recipient or indirect object of an action, referring to 'the one who went up' or 'to him who ascended'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter, Aorist, Active

Synonyms: ἈΝΕΛΘΟΝΤΙ, ἈΝΙΟΝΤΙ

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, after, among, behind, by, in company with, in pursuit of, according to

Notes: This word is a preposition that can also function as an adverb. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it usually means 'after' or 'behind' (indicating sequence or pursuit). It can also denote a change of state or position.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases)

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'μετά' (meta) comes from Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is related to English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G4183

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: PO-loo

Translations: much, many, great, greatly, often, a lot

Notes: This word is commonly used to indicate a large quantity, degree, or frequency. As an adverb, it means 'much,' 'greatly,' or 'often,' modifying verbs or adjectives. As an adjective, it means 'much' (for singular nouns) or 'many' (for plural nouns), describing the quantity of something. It can also mean 'great' in terms of size or importance.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular (as adjective); Does not inflect (as adverb)

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΛΑ, ΠΛΕΙΟΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'much' or 'many'. It is a very common word across various Indo-European languages.

G4837

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: soom-peh-ree-pa-TON

Translations: walking with, walking around with, accompanying, associating with

Notes: This word is a compound participle derived from the verb ΣΥΜΠΕΡΙΠΑΤΕΩ, meaning 'to walk around with' or 'to accompany'. It describes someone who is in the act of walking alongside or in association with others. It can be used to describe physical movement together or a more general sense of association or fellowship.

Inflection: Present, Active, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΟΔΕΥΩ, ΣΥΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΣΥΝΕΠΟΜΑΙ

G5613

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

G5101

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE

Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing

Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.

G2036

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ay-PINE

Translations: to say, to speak, to tell

Notes: This word is an aorist infinitive verb meaning 'to say', 'to speak', or 'to tell'. It is used to express the action of speaking or communicating something, often in a general sense without specifying the subject or object of the action. It can be used in various constructions, such as after verbs of commanding or desiring, or to express purpose.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΕΙΝ, ΛΑΛΕΙΝ, ΦΑΝΑΙ

Etymology: ΕἸΠΕΙΝ is the aorist infinitive of the verb ΕἸΠΩ, which is a suppletive aorist form used with the present tense verbs ΛΕΓΩ and ΦΗΜΙ. Its origin traces back to Proto-Indo-European roots related to speaking or declaring.

G1893

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEI

Translations: since, because, for, when, after, inasmuch as

Notes: This word functions as a conjunction or adverb, introducing a clause that provides a reason, cause, or time. As a conjunction, it can mean 'since' or 'because' when indicating a cause, or 'when' or 'after' when indicating time. As an adverb, it can mean 'for' or 'inasmuch as'. It often introduces a dependent clause that explains the main clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΚΑΘΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙΔΗ

Etymology: From the preposition ἐπί (epi, 'upon, on') and the particle εἰ (ei, 'if'). It originally meant 'upon the condition that' or 'when'.

G0142

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-RAH-meh-nos

Translations: having taken up, having lifted, having carried, having raised, having borne

Notes: This is an aorist middle participle of the verb 'αἴρω' (airō), meaning 'to lift, take up, or carry'. As a participle, it describes an action that has been completed, often functioning adverbially to indicate the time or manner of the main verb's action. The middle voice can imply that the subject performs the action for themselves or in their own interest, or it can simply function with an active sense. It is typically translated as 'having lifted' or 'when he/she/it had lifted'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Middle, Participle

Synonyms: ΛΑΒΩΝ, ΚΟΜΙΣΑΜΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: The verb 'αἴρω' (airō) comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words meaning 'to lift' or 'to raise'.

G1519

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G2968

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KOH-main

Translations: village, a village

Notes: This word refers to a village or a small town, typically an unfortified settlement smaller than a city. It is used to denote a rural community or a collection of dwellings outside of a major urban center. In a sentence, it would often be used to indicate a destination or location, such as 'they went to the village' or 'he lived in a village'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΙΣ, ΧΩΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'settlement' or 'unfortified dwelling'. It is related to Latin 'pagus' (country district, village) and English 'home'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G3697

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: OP-lee-tas

Translations: hoplite, a hoplite, heavy-armed soldier, a heavy-armed soldier

Notes: An hoplite was a heavily armed foot soldier in ancient Greece. They were typically equipped with a large round shield (hoplon), a spear, and a sword. Hoplites fought in a phalanx formation, a tightly packed rectangular unit.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΤΡΑΤΙΩΤΗΣ, ΜΑΧΗΤΗΣ

Etymology: From the Greek word ὅπλον (hoplon), meaning 'weapon' or 'armor', referring to the shield carried by these soldiers.

G2597

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-BEE-nai

Translations: to go down, to come down, to descend

Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb ΚΑΤΑΒΑΙΝΩ. It means 'to go down,' 'to come down,' or 'to descend.' It is often used to describe movement from a higher place to a lower one, whether literally (e.g., descending a mountain) or figuratively (e.g., coming down from a position of authority). As an infinitive, it functions like a verbal noun, often translated with 'to' + verb.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΙΣΧΥΩ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΑΒΑΙΝΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against,' and the verb βαίνω (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to step.' Thus, it literally means 'to go down' or 'to step down.'

G2753

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: keh-LEH-oo-sas

Translations: commanding, having commanded, ordering, having ordered, bidding, having bidden

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'κελεύω' (keleuō), meaning 'to command' or 'to order'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is ongoing, often functioning like an adjective or adverb. It can be translated as 'the one who commanded,' 'having commanded,' or 'when he commanded,' depending on the context.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΤΑΣΣΩ, ΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΤΩ, ΔΙΑΤΑΣΣΩ

Etymology: The word κελεύω (keleuō) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to κέλλω (kello), meaning 'to drive, urge on'.

G4316

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-EB-al-lon

Translations: they were attacking, they were assailing, they were casting, they were striking, they were applying

Notes: This word describes an action of approaching with force or impact, often implying an attack, assault, or the casting of something against another. It can also mean to apply something to a surface. In the provided examples, it is used to describe armies attacking or winds striking the sea, indicating a forceful interaction.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΤΙΘΕΜΑΙ, ΕΦΟΔΕΥΩ, ΕΠΙΧΕΙΡΕΩ

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G3163

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: MA-khees

Translations: of battle, of fight, of combat, of a battle, of a fight, of a combat

Notes: This word refers to a battle, fight, or combat. It is used to describe a physical conflict or struggle between individuals or groups. As a noun, it can function as the subject or object of a sentence, or in this genitive form, it indicates possession or relationship, often translated with 'of'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΕΜΟΥ, ΑΓΩΝΟΣ, ΕΡΙΔΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΜΑΧΗ (machē) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *magh-, meaning 'to be able, to have power'. It is related to words signifying struggle or combat.

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: geh-no-MEH-nays

Translations: (of) having become, (of) having happened, (of) being, (of) coming into existence, (of) being born, (of) being made

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become,' 'to happen,' 'to come into existence,' or 'to be made.' As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is in the process of occurring, often functioning like a verbal adjective or an adverbial clause. In this form, it indicates a feminine singular genitive relationship, often translated as 'of having become' or 'when it became' in a genitive absolute construction.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine, Aorist Middle Participle

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΕΣΘΑΙ, ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΟΝ

G0297

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: am-foh-teh-ROH-then

Translations: from both sides, on both sides, on every side, on all sides

Notes: This word is an adverb indicating location or direction from two or more points. It is used to describe something that is happening or existing on or from two or more sides, or in all directions. For example, an attack coming from both sides, or something being surrounded on all sides.

Inflection: Does not inflect (adverb of place/direction)

Etymology: The word ἀμφοτερωθεν (amphoterothen) is derived from the adjective ἀμφότερος (amphoteros), meaning 'both'. The suffix -θεν (-then) indicates origin or direction 'from' a place.

G3745

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: OH-son

Translations: as much as, as many as, as great as, how much, how many, how great, as far as, as long as, as soon as, as

Notes: This word is a relative adjective or pronominal adjective, meaning 'as much as' or 'as many as'. It is often used to indicate quantity, extent, or degree. When used as an adverb, it can mean 'as far as', 'as long as', or 'as soon as'. It can introduce a clause that specifies a measure or comparison. For example, 'as much as you want' or 'as many people as there are'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΠΟΣΟΣ, ΗΛΙΚΟΣ

Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun *ho* (the) and the suffix -sos, indicating quantity or measure. It is related to ὅς (hos, 'who, which') and τοσοῦτος (tosoutos, 'so great, so much').

G3528

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: nee-KON-tone

Translations: of those conquering, of those overcoming, of those prevailing, of those victorious

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'νικάω' (nikaō), meaning 'to conquer' or 'to overcome'. As a genitive plural participle, it describes the action of 'those who are conquering' or 'those who are overcoming', indicating possession or origin related to them. It functions like an adjective or noun, modifying or referring to a group of people who are in the process of winning or have won.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΡΑΤΟΥΝΤΩΝ, ΥΠΕΡΕΧΟΝΤΩΝ

G5343

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: peh-FEV-gee-san

Translations: having fled, having escaped, having run away

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle of the verb 'φεύγω' (pheugō), meaning 'to flee' or 'to escape'. As a perfect participle, it describes an action that has been completed in the past and whose results continue into the present. Although grammatically passive, the verb 'φεύγω' often takes on an active meaning when used in the perfect passive, indicating that the subject itself has performed the action of fleeing or escaping.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Feminine, Nominative or Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΔΙΔΡΑΣΚΩ, ΔΙΩΚΩ

Etymology: The verb φεύγω (pheugō) comes from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeug- meaning 'to flee'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G3844

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: pa-RAH

Translations: beside, by, near, from, with, at, along, beyond, against, through, in the presence of, alongside, a

Notes: This word functions primarily as a preposition, indicating proximity, origin, or comparison. It can mean 'beside,' 'from,' 'with,' 'at,' or 'alongside,' depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used as a prefix in compound words, it often conveys ideas of proximity, deviation, or intensity, such as 'alongside,' 'beyond,' 'contrary to,' or 'through.'

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΣΥΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *per- (meaning 'forward, through'). It is cognate with English 'for' and 'through'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ghee-NO-meh-non

Translations: being, becoming, happening, occurring, a thing happening, a thing occurring

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle derived from the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become,' 'to happen,' or 'to come into being.' It describes something that is currently in the process of happening or coming into existence. It can function adjectivally, describing a noun, or substantively, referring to 'that which is happening' or 'the event itself.'

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter, Present, Middle or Passive

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΟΝ, ΟΝ

G1683

Part of Speech: Reflexive Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-MOW-too

Translations: of myself, my own, for myself, to myself

Notes: This word is a first-person singular reflexive pronoun, meaning 'of myself' or 'my own'. It is used to refer back to the subject of the sentence, indicating that the action or state relates to the speaker themselves. It is a compound word formed from the genitive of the first-person pronoun (ἐμοῦ) and the genitive of the intensive pronoun (αὐτοῦ). It is typically used in the genitive, dative, or accusative cases, as the nominative form is not commonly found.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: This word is a compound of the genitive form of the first-person pronoun (ἐμοῦ, 'of me') and the genitive form of the intensive pronoun (αὐτοῦ, 'of self'). It developed to emphasize the reflexive action back to the subject.

G3870

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: pah-rah-kah-LEH-sas

Translations: having called alongside, having summoned, having invited, having exhorted, having encouraged, having comforted, having entreated

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle of the verb 'παρακαλέω'. It describes an action completed in the past by the subject of the main verb. The verb itself is a compound word formed from 'παρά' (beside, alongside) and 'καλέω' (to call). Therefore, it literally means 'to call to one's side'. Depending on the context, it can mean to summon someone, to invite them, to exhort or encourage them, or to comfort or entreat them.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΚΑΛΕΩ, ΠΡΟΤΡΕΠΩ, ΠΑΡΑΜΥΘΕΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word 'παρακαλέω' is derived from the preposition 'παρά' (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and the verb 'καλέω' (kaleō), meaning 'to call'. It signifies the act of calling someone to one's side for various purposes.

G2235

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: AY-day

Translations: already, now, by this time, forthwith, even now

Notes: This word is an adverb used to indicate that something has happened or is happening at the present moment, or has happened prior to the present moment. It can convey a sense of immediacy or completion. For example, it can mean 'already' when referring to something that has taken place, or 'now' when emphasizing the current time.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΝΥΝ, ΑΥΤΙΚΑ, ΕΥΘΕΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁eh₂dʰ- (to be present, to be here). It is related to the demonstrative pronoun 'ho' (this) and the particle 'de' (now, indeed).

G4172

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: POH-lin

Translations: city, a city

Notes: The word 'πόλιν' is the accusative singular form of the noun 'πόλις', meaning 'city'. It refers to a populated place, typically larger than a village, with a defined administrative structure. As an accusative case, it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions, indicating the destination or the object being acted upon. For example, one might 'go into the city' or 'see the city'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The word 'πόλις' comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to a fortified place or citadel. It developed to mean a city-state in ancient Greece, encompassing both the physical settlement and its citizens.

G4853

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-eh-DEE-ohx-ah

Translations: I pursued with, I chased together, I joined in pursuit

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from 'σύν' (with, together) and 'διώκω' (to pursue, chase). It means to pursue or chase together with someone, or to join in a pursuit. The form 'συνεδίωξα' is the first person singular, aorist active indicative, meaning 'I pursued with' or 'I chased together'. It describes a completed action in the past.

Inflection: First Person Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Etymology: The word ΣΥΝΔΙΩΚΩ is a compound verb derived from the preposition ΣΥΝ (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΔΙΩΚΩ (dioko), meaning 'to pursue' or 'to chase'.

G1593

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ice-PEM-psas

Translations: having sent in, having sent into

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb ΕἸΣΠΈΜΠΩ, meaning 'to send in' or 'to send into'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred relative to the main verb of the sentence. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ΕἸΣ (eis), meaning 'into' or 'to', and the verb ΠΈΜΠΩ (pempō), meaning 'to send'.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΕἸΣΆΓΩ, ΕἸΣΈΡΧΟΜΑΙ

G2983

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: lah-BOO-sin

Translations: taking, having taken, receiving, having received, seizing, having seized

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take,' 'to receive,' or 'to seize.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective while retaining verbal characteristics, describing an action performed by the subject. It indicates an action that has already occurred or is ongoing, depending on the context, and can be translated as 'taking,' 'having taken,' 'receiving,' or 'having received.' It is often used to describe someone who is in the act of taking or has completed the action of taking something.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Dative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ, ΑΙΡΕΩ

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: geh-no-MEH-noo

Translations: having become, having come to pass, of having become, of having come to pass

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become,' 'to come into being,' 'to happen,' or 'to be born.' As a genitive singular participle, it often indicates a causal or temporal relationship, meaning 'of one who has become' or 'when something has happened.' It describes an action that has already taken place and is often used to modify a noun in the genitive case.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Masculine or Neuter, Singular, Genitive

Synonyms: ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΣΥΜΒΑΙΝΩ, ΑΠΟΒΑΙΝΩ

G3543

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: noh-MEE-san-tes

Translations: supposing, thinking, believing, considering, having supposed, when they supposed

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'nomizo', meaning 'to suppose', 'to think', or 'to believe'. As a participle, it describes an action that is related to the main verb in a sentence, often indicating a preceding or concurrent action. It can be translated as 'supposing', 'thinking', or 'believing', or with a temporal clause like 'when they supposed' or 'after they thought'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΟΙΟΜΑΙ, ΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΔΟΚΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΝΟΜΙΖΩ comes from the Greek word νόμος (nomos), meaning 'custom', 'law', or 'usage'. It originally meant 'to do according to custom or law', and later evolved to mean 'to consider', 'to believe', or 'to suppose' based on common practice or accepted belief.

G2983

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-LAYF-thigh

Translations: to have been taken, to have been received, to have been seized, to have been grasped

Notes: This word is the perfect passive infinitive form of the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. As a perfect passive infinitive, it describes an action that has been completed and whose subject is the recipient of the action. It is used to express the state of having been taken, received, or seized.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΑΙΡΕΩ

G2904

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KRAH-toss

Translations: power, strength, might, dominion, rule, a power, a strength

Notes: This word refers to power, strength, or might, often implying a forceful or dominant kind of power. It can also denote dominion or rule, indicating authority or control over something or someone. It is frequently used in contexts describing God's power or the power of a ruler.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΜΙΣ, ΙΣΧΥΣ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑ

Etymology: From a primary verb meaning 'to be strong'. It is related to the idea of physical or inherent strength and ability.

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-POH

Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G3696

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: OP-lah

Translations: arms, weapons, armor, hoofs

Notes: This word is a plural noun that can refer to military equipment such as arms, weapons, or armor. It can also refer to the hoofs of an animal. Its meaning depends on the context in which it is used.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΠΛΙΣΙΣ, ΟΠΛΙΣΜΟΣ, ΟΝΥΞ

Etymology: The word ὅπλον (hoplon) is believed to be derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sep-, meaning 'to handle, to grasp'. It originally referred to any tool or implement, and later specialized to mean 'weapon' or 'armor'.

G2424

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-keh-TEH-oo-on

Translations: they were imploring, they were supplicating, they were entreating

Notes: This word means to implore, supplicate, or entreat someone, often with earnestness or humility. It describes the act of making a fervent plea or request. In the provided examples, it is used to describe groups of people making such pleas.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΔΕΟΜΑΙ, ΠΑΡΑΚΑΛΕΩ, ΑΙΤΕΩ

Etymology: The word ἱκετεύω (hiketeuō) comes from ἱκέτης (hiketēs), meaning 'suppliant' or 'one who comes as a suppliant seeking protection', which itself is related to ἵκω (hikō), 'to come, arrive'.

G1473

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-GOH

Translations: I, me

Notes: ἘΓΩ is the first-person singular personal pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning "I" or "me." It refers to the speaker and functions primarily as the subject of a sentence. While the first-person singular verb ending often makes the pronoun redundant, ἘΓΩ is frequently used for emphasis, similar to saying "I myself" or "even I" in English. It can also be used to clarify the subject when multiple individuals are involved.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Nominative

Etymology: This word is an ancient pronoun, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has cognates in many Indo-European languages, reflecting a shared linguistic heritage.

G1162

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: DEH-ee-seess

Translations: prayers, supplications, entreaties

Notes: This word refers to a specific type of prayer, often characterized by a sense of need or urgency, a humble request, or an earnest entreaty. It implies a petition made to a higher power, typically God, out of a deep sense of dependence or a desire for something specific. It is often used in conjunction with other words for prayer, emphasizing the aspect of humble pleading.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΕΥΧΑΙ, ΕΝΤΕΥΞΕΙΣ, ΑΙΤΗΜΑΤΑ

G1961

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: eh-pee-KLAS-thays

Translations: to be moved, to be persuaded, to be prevailed upon, to be bent, to be broken

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from 'ἐπί' (upon, over) and 'κλάω' (to break, to bend). In its passive form, it means to be broken or bent. Metaphorically, it refers to being moved or persuaded, especially in response to entreaties or prayers. It describes a change in disposition or will, often implying a yielding to supplication.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΚΑΜΠΤΩ, ΠΕΙΘΩ, ΕΝΔΙΔΩΜΙ

G4757

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: strah-tee-OH-tahs

Translations: soldiers

Notes: This word refers to a soldier, a member of an army or military force. It is typically used to describe individuals who serve in a military capacity, often in a group. In a sentence, it would function as the object of a verb or preposition, indicating the recipients of an action or the subject of a description.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΤΡΑΤΕΥΜΑ, ΣΤΡΑΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word στρατιώτης (stratiōtēs) comes from στρατιά (stratia), meaning 'army' or 'military service', which itself is derived from στρατός (stratos), meaning 'army' or 'encampment'.

G2192

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-PES-khon

Translations: held back, restrained, stopped, delayed, paid attention to, attended to, applied oneself to

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'ἐπί' (upon, to) and the verb 'ἔχω' (to have, to hold). It generally means to hold back, restrain, or stop something or someone. It can also mean to pay attention to, attend to, or apply oneself to something, indicating a focus or dedication. Its meaning can vary depending on the context, often implying a pause, a delay, or a careful consideration.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 1st or 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΚΩΛΥΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΧΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΠΕΧΩ is formed from the prefix ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'to', and the verb ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. The combination suggests holding something in place or directing attention towards it.

G0846

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOS

Translations: he, she, it, they, him, her, it, them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, same, very

Notes: ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is a versatile word in Koine Greek. As a third-person pronoun, it translates to 'he, she, it' or 'they' in the nominative case, and 'him, her, it' or 'them' in other cases. When used intensively, often in the nominative or immediately following the noun, it means 'himself, herself, itself, themselves' or 'even, very'. When used as an adjective with the definite article (e.g., 'ὁ αὐτὸς'), it means 'the same'. Its meaning depends on its grammatical function and position in the sentence.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΣ, ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a pronominal stem *au- or *aw-.

G1659

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ES-peh-RAH

Translations: evening, a evening, eventide, a eventide, (of) evening, (of) eventide

Notes: This word refers to the evening or eventide, the period of time towards the end of the day, before night. It is commonly used to denote the time when daily activities conclude or when a new period begins, often in the context of a day's end.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Genitive, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΨΙΑ, ΔΥΣΜΗ

Etymology: From an uncertain root, possibly related to the concept of 'west' or 'setting' (as in the setting sun).

G2638

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-teh-LAH-ben

Translations: he seized, he overtook, he apprehended, he understood, he attained, she seized, she overtook, she apprehended, she understood, she attained, it seized, it overtook, it apprehended, it understood, it attained

Notes: This is the third person singular aorist indicative active form of the verb 'καταλαμβάνω' (katalambanō). It is a compound verb formed from 'κατά' (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to seize'. The verb can mean to seize, lay hold of, overtake, apprehend, or understand. Its meaning often depends on the context, ranging from physical capture to mental comprehension or attainment.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΚΡΑΤΕΩ, ΣΥΛΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

Etymology: The word 'καταλαμβάνω' is a compound verb derived from the preposition 'κατά' (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to seize'. The prefix 'κατά' intensifies or directs the action of 'λαμβάνω'.

G3696

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: HOP-lee-tohn

Translations: of hoplites, of soldiers, of armed men

Notes: This word refers to 'hoplites,' who were heavily armed foot soldiers in ancient Greece. It is used to describe a group or collection of such soldiers, often in the context of their possessions or actions, as indicated by its genitive case.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΤΡΑΤΙΩΤΩΝ, ΜΑΧΗΤΩΝ

Etymology: The word ΟΠΛΙΤΗΣ (hoplites) is derived from ὅπλον (hoplon), meaning 'armor' or 'weapon.' It refers to a soldier equipped with such armor.

G4147

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: poh-lee-or-KEE-as

Translations: of a siege, of a blockade

Notes: This word refers to the act of besieging a city or fortress, or the state of being under siege. It describes the military operation where an army surrounds a place to cut off supplies and force its surrender. In the provided context, it refers to the duration or process of a siege.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΙΟΡΚΗΣΙΣ, ΠΟΛΙΟΡΚΙΑ

Etymology: The word is a compound derived from the Greek words πόλις (polis), meaning 'city', and ἕρκος (herkos), meaning 'fence' or 'enclosure', referring to the act of enclosing a city.

G5290

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-pos-TREP-sas

Translations: having returned, returning, turned back

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to return' or 'to turn back'. It describes an action that has already occurred or is occurring, often indicating the subject's movement back to a previous location or state. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, and can be translated as 'having returned' or 'returning', depending on the context.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΑΝΑΚΑΜΠΤΩ

G4012

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-GI-noh-mehn

Translations: I was becoming, I was being, I was born, I came to be, I happened, I was made

Notes: This is the first person singular imperfect indicative middle/passive form of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai). It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, indicating a process of becoming, being, or happening. It can also describe one's birth or origin, or something being made or brought into existence.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle/Passive, First Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΦΥΩ

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to

Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.

G3888

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pa-reh-my-THOO-men

Translations: I was comforting, I was consoling, I was encouraging, I was exhorting

Notes: This word describes the action of comforting, consoling, or encouraging someone. It is used to express the act of providing solace or support, often in a continuous or ongoing manner in the past. It implies a gentle and persuasive form of encouragement or reassurance.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Imperfect, Indicative, Middle Voice

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΑΚΑΛΕΩ, ΠΑΡΗΓΟΡΕΩ

Etymology: The word παραμυθέομαι (paramytheomai) is a compound word formed from παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and μυθέομαι (mytheomai), meaning 'to speak' or 'to tell'. Thus, it literally means 'to speak alongside' or 'to speak to one's side', conveying the sense of comforting or consoling through speech.

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ge-go-NO-ton

Translations: of those who have become, of those who have happened, of those who have been, of things that have happened, of things that have been done

Notes: This word is the genitive plural perfect participle of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become,' 'to happen,' or 'to be.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, describing someone or something that has undergone the action of becoming or happening. In this form, it refers to 'of those who have become/happened' or 'of things that have happened/been done,' often implying a completed state or event.

Inflection: Perfect, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΝΤΩΝ, ΥΠΑΡΧΟΝΤΩΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to come into being' or 'to be born.' It is related to the English word 'kin' and 'genesis'.

G5261

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-pis-KHNOO-mee-ne

Translations: I was promising, I promised, I was undertaking, I undertook

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the preposition ὑπό (hypo, meaning 'under' or 'in secret') and the verb ἰσχνέομαι (ischneomai, meaning 'to hold back' or 'to restrain'). Together, it means 'to promise' or 'to undertake', often with the nuance of a solemn or binding promise. It describes an action of making a commitment or giving an assurance. In a sentence, it would be used to indicate that someone was in the process of making a promise or had made a promise in the past.

Inflection: Imperfect, Middle/Passive Voice, Indicative Mood, First Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΠΑΓΓΕΛΛΟΜΑΙ, ΔΙΔΩΜΙ

G1325

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: DOOS

Translations: giving, having given, a giver, one who gives

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to give'. It describes someone or something that is in the act of giving, or has already given. It can function like an adjective, modifying a noun, or like an adverb, describing the manner of an action. For example, it could be used in a phrase like 'the man giving the gift' or 'he spoke, giving a warning'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Active

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΕΧΩΝ, ΧΑΡΙΖΟΜΕΝΟΣ

G2189

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: eh-FOH-dee-ah

Translations: provisions, supplies, equipment, a provision, a supply, an equipment

Notes: This word refers to provisions, supplies, or equipment needed for a journey or for general use. It is a compound word derived from 'ἐπί' (upon, to) and 'ὁδός' (way, road), literally meaning 'that which is on the way' or 'that which is for the way'. It is typically used in the plural to refer to a collection of such items.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΣΙΤΟΣ, ΤΡΟΦΗ, ΕΠΙΣΙΤΙΣΜΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἘΦΟΔΙΟΝ (ephodion) is derived from the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'to', and the noun ὁδός (hodos), meaning 'way' or 'road'. It literally refers to what is provided for a journey.

G2414