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The Life of Flavius Josephus, Chapter 36
Interlinear version from Life of Flavius Josephus, The (Beta)
G4253
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PRO
Translations: before, in front of, for, on behalf of, in the presence of, prior to, instead of
Notes: This word is a preposition that typically takes the genitive case. It can indicate a spatial relationship, meaning 'before' or 'in front of' something or someone. It can also denote a temporal relationship, meaning 'before' in time, or a causal relationship, meaning 'for' or 'on behalf of' someone or something. In some contexts, it can also mean 'instead of' or 'in the presence of'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΜΠΡΟΣΘΕΝ, ΑΝΤΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'before, in front of'. It is cognate with English 'for' and Latin 'pro'.
G1161
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: DEH
Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however
Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.
G3778
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: TOO-tone
Translations: of these, of them
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the demonstrative pronoun 'οὗτος' (houtos), meaning 'this' or 'these'. It is used to indicate possession or relationship, often translated as 'of these' or 'of them', referring to things or people previously mentioned or understood from context. It can refer to masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, All genders
Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΩΝ
G4845
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: soon-eh-BEH
Translations: it happened, it came to pass, it occurred, it befell
Notes: This is an impersonal verb form meaning 'it happened' or 'it occurred'. It describes an event or circumstance that took place, often used to introduce a consequence or a development in a narrative. It is typically used in the third person singular.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΑΠΟΒΑΙΝΩ
Etymology: The word συμβαίνω (symbainō) is a compound word formed from the preposition σύν (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb βαίνω (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to step'. Thus, it literally means 'to go together' or 'to come together', which evolved into the meaning 'to happen' or 'to occur'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: the
Notes: This word is the masculine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a particular masculine noun that is the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'he saw the man' or 'towards the God'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed to function as a marker of definiteness in Greek.
G2496
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ee-ah-KEE-moo
Translations: of Joachim, of Jakim
Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the proper noun 'Joachim' or 'Jakim'. It refers to a male individual named Joachim or Jakim and indicates possession or origin, similar to saying 'of Joachim' or 'Joachim's' in English. It would be used in a sentence to show that something belongs to or is associated with this person.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Etymology: From Hebrew יְהוֹיָקִים (Yəhōyāqīm), meaning 'Yahweh raises up'. It is a common Old Testament name.
G5376
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: fee-LIP-pon
Translations: Philip
Notes: This is a proper name, referring to various individuals named Philip. In ancient Greek texts, it can refer to several historical figures, including apostles, kings, and other notable persons. It is used to directly refer to a male individual.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
G0565
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ap-EL-thayn
Translations: to go away, to depart, to leave, to go back
Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb ἀπέρχομαι (aperchomai), meaning 'to go away' or 'to depart'. It is used to express the action of leaving a place or person, or going back to a previous location. It can be used in various contexts to indicate movement away from something.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΧΩΡΕΩ, ΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΥΠΑΓΩ
G1537
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EK
Translations: out of, from, of
Notes: ἘΚ is a preposition meaning 'out of' or 'from,' indicating origin, source, or separation. It always governs the genitive case, meaning the noun or pronoun following it will be in the genitive form. It can also be used to express the cause or means by which something occurs.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἈΠΌ
Etymology: From a primary preposition, meaning 'out of' or 'from'. It is a fundamental word in Greek, indicating separation or origin.
G1060
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: GAH-mah-lah
Translations: Gamala
Notes: Gamala was an ancient fortified city in the region of Gaulanitis, located on a prominent hill overlooking the Sea of Galilee. It was known for its strategic importance and strong defenses, often referred to as a fortress. It played a significant role in the First Jewish-Roman War.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The name 'Gamala' is derived from the Aramaic word for 'camel', likely due to the city's location on a camel-hump shaped hill.
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G5432
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: phroo-REE-oo
Translations: of a garrison, of a fortress, of a stronghold, of a guard, of a prison
Notes: This word refers to a fortified place, such as a garrison, fortress, or stronghold, used for defense or as a place of confinement. It can also refer to the act of guarding or keeping watch. In the provided context, it clearly refers to a physical structure.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΤΕΙΧΟΣ, ΠΥΡΓΟΣ, ΦΥΛΑΚΗ
Etymology: The word ΦΡΟΥΡΙΟΝ (phrourion) comes from the verb φρουρέω (phroureō), meaning 'to guard' or 'to keep watch'.
G5108
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: toy-OW-tays
Translations: of such a kind, such, such a
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'of such a kind' or 'such'. It is used to describe the quality or nature of something, often referring back to something previously mentioned or implied. It functions similarly to the English word 'such' when used to qualify a noun.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΤΟΙΟΥΤΟΣ, ΤΟΣΟΥΤΟΣ
G0156
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ai-TEE-as
Translations: of cause, of reason, of charge, of accusation, of fault, of a cause, of a reason, of a charge, of an accusation, of a fault
Notes: This word refers to the cause or reason behind an event or action. It can also denote a charge or accusation, particularly in a legal or judicial context, indicating the grounds for a complaint or indictment. It is used to explain why something happened or to assign blame.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑἸΤΙΟΝ, ΠΡΟΦΑΣΙΣ, ἘΓΚΛΗΜΑ
G1096
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: geh-no-MEH-nays
Translations: (of) having become, (of) having happened, (of) being, (of) coming into existence, (of) being born, (of) being made
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become,' 'to happen,' 'to come into existence,' or 'to be made.' As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is in the process of occurring, often functioning like a verbal adjective or an adverbial clause. In this form, it indicates a feminine singular genitive relationship, often translated as 'of having become' or 'when it became' in a genitive absolute construction.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine, Aorist Middle Participle
Synonyms: ΓΕΝΕΣΘΑΙ, ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΟΝ
G5376
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: PHI-lip-pos
Translations: Philip
Notes: This is a masculine proper name, commonly translated as Philip. It refers to several individuals in ancient history, including apostles, kings, and other notable figures. It is used in sentences as the subject of a verb or as a direct object, depending on its case.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Etymology: The name Φίλιππος (Philippos) is of Greek origin, derived from the words φίλος (philos), meaning 'friend' or 'lover', and ἵππος (hippos), meaning 'horse'. Thus, it literally means 'lover of horses' or 'fond of horses'.
G4441
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: poo-THOH-meh-nos
Translations: having learned, having inquired, having heard, having ascertained, having understood
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'πυνθάνομαι', meaning 'to learn by inquiry', 'to inquire', or 'to ascertain'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred and is related to the main verb of the sentence. It often conveys the sense of 'having learned' or 'having heard' something, leading to a subsequent action. For example, 'Having learned the news, he departed.'
Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΑΚΟΥΣΑΣ, ΜΑΘΩΝ, ΕΠΙΓΝΟΥΣ
G3179
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: meh-thes-TAH-nai
Translations: to remove, to move away, to transfer, to change, to depart, to turn away
Notes: This word is an infinitive form of the verb 'μεθίστημι' (methistēmi). It generally means to cause someone or something to move from one place to another, or to change their position or status. It can also mean to depart or turn away from something. It is often used in contexts of displacement, transfer, or alteration.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΜΕΤΑΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΜΕΤΑΒΑΛΛΩ
G3303
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: MEN
Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however
Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: OO-ah-RON
Translations: Varon, Varus
Notes: This is a proper noun, specifically the name 'Varus' (or 'Varon' in some transliterations), which was a common Roman cognomen. It refers to a specific individual and is used in sentences to identify that person.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: The name 'Varus' is of Latin origin, a Roman cognomen meaning 'bow-legged' or 'knock-kneed'. It was a common family name in ancient Rome.
G5259
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: hoo-POH
Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.
G0935
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: bah-see-LEH-ohs
Translations: (of) a king, (of) king
Notes: This word refers to a monarch or sovereign ruler. It is used to denote the leader of a kingdom or nation. In this form, it indicates possession or origin, meaning 'belonging to a king' or 'from a king'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ
G0002
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ah-GRIP-pah
Translations: Agrippa
Notes: Agrippa is a proper noun, referring to a male individual. In the New Testament, it primarily refers to Herod Agrippa I and Herod Agrippa II, who were Roman client kings of Judea. It is used as a direct address or as the subject/object of a sentence.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine
Etymology: The name Agrippa is of Latin origin, derived from the Roman cognomen Agrippa. It was traditionally given to children born feet first, from Latin 'aegre partus' meaning 'born with difficulty' or 'aegre pes' meaning 'difficult foot'.
G1249
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: dee-ah-DOKH-on
Translations: successor, a successor
Notes: This word refers to a successor, someone who takes the place of another, often in an office, position, or lineage. It is used to describe the person who follows in a sequence or inherits a role. For example, one might speak of a king's successor or a high priest's successor.
Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Accusative
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΓΟΝΟΣ, ΚΛΗΡΟΝΟΜΟΣ
Etymology: The word "διάδοχος" comes from the Greek verb "διαδέχομαι" (diadechomai), meaning "to receive in turn" or "to succeed." It is formed from "διά" (dia), meaning "through" or "after," and "δέχομαι" (dechomai), meaning "to receive."
G0864
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-fikh-THAI
Translations: to arrive, to come, to reach
Notes: This word is an aorist infinitive form of the verb ἀφικνέομαι (aphikneomai), meaning 'to arrive' or 'to come'. It is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo, 'from') and the verb ἱκνέομαι (hikneomai, 'to come'). It is used to express the action of reaching a destination or coming to a place.
Inflection: Aorist, Infinitive, Middle or Passive Voice
Synonyms: ΕΡΧΕΣΘΑΙ, ΗΚΕΙΝ, ΦΘΑΝΕΙΝ
Etymology: The word ἀφικνέομαι (aphikneomai) is a compound verb derived from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb ἱκνέομαι (hikneomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to reach'. The combination signifies 'to come from' or 'to arrive at'.
G3426
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: MO-dee-on
Translations: bushel, a bushel, measure, a measure
Notes: This word refers to a modius, which was a Roman dry measure, equivalent to about 8.75 liters or approximately one peck. It was commonly used for measuring grain or other dry goods. In a sentence, it would be used to quantify a certain amount of something, like 'a bushel of wheat'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΜΕΤΡΟΝ, ΚΟΡΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΜΟΔΙΟΣ is of Latin origin, derived from the Latin 'modius', which referred to a measure of capacity.
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ai-KOO-on
Translations: Aikuon
Notes: This is a proper noun, likely a personal name. In the provided context, it refers to a specific individual named Aikuon Modios, who was sent as a general or successor. Proper nouns do not typically inflect in the same way as common nouns or verbs.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: The etymology of the name Aikuon is not readily available in standard Koine Greek lexicons, suggesting it may be a foreign name or a less common Greek name.
G0435
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: AN-dra
Translations: man, a man, husband, a husband
Notes: This word refers to a male human being, often specifically an adult male, or a husband. It is the accusative singular form of the noun 'ἈΝΗΡ' (anēr), meaning 'man' or 'husband'. It is used when the man or husband is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ, ΑΝΗΡ
Etymology: The word 'ἈΝΗΡ' (anēr) comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that also refer to a male human being.
G5384
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: FEE-lon
Translations: dear, beloved, friendly, a friend, a dear one, a loved one
Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'dear,' 'beloved,' or 'friendly,' or as a noun meaning 'friend' or 'loved one.' It describes someone or something that is cherished or held in affection. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, indicating a close relationship or value. As a noun, it refers to a person with whom one has a bond of affection.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΓΑΠΗΤΟΣ, ΕΥΝΟΥΣ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOH
Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself
Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G4914
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: soo-NAY-thay
Translations: accustomed, familiar, intimate, usual, customary, a familiar, an intimate
Notes: This word describes something or someone that is accustomed, familiar, or intimate. It can refer to a habit or custom that is common, or to a person who is a close friend or associate. For example, it might describe a usual practice or a familiar companion.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΙΚΕΙΟΣ, ΕΝΔΗΜΟΣ, ΕΘΙΜΟΣ
Etymology: From σύν (syn), meaning 'with', and ἔθος (ethos), meaning 'custom' or 'habit'. It refers to something that is 'with custom' or 'in habit'.
G3819
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: pa-LAI
Translations: long ago, of old, formerly, anciently
Notes: This word is an adverb of time, meaning 'long ago' or 'of old'. It is used to refer to events or states that occurred in the distant past. It can modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, indicating that the action or quality described happened or existed a considerable time before the present.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΝΩΘΕΝ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΝ
Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to spread, flat'. In Greek, it developed to refer to something that is 'old' or 'ancient', leading to its use as an adverb for 'long ago'.
G1125
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: grah-FEI
Translations: he writes, she writes, it writes, he draws, she draws, it draws, he paints, she paints, it paints
Notes: This word means 'to write', 'to draw', or 'to paint'. It is used to describe the act of creating text, images, or figures, often with a pen, brush, or other instrument. It can refer to the physical act of inscribing or depicting something.
Inflection: 3rd Person, Singular, Present, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΖΩΓΡΑΦΩ, ΥΠΟΓΡΑΦΩ
G4314
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PROSS
Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to
Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).
Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TOO-ton
Translations: this, this one, him, it
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, used to point out something specific that is near in proximity, time, or thought, or something that has just been mentioned. As a pronoun, it can stand in for a noun, meaning 'this one' or 'him/it'. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, meaning 'this' (e.g., 'this house'). In this form, it is masculine singular and in the accusative case, meaning it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΝ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAS
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑΣ is the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a particular noun, similar to 'the' in English. This specific form is used when the noun it modifies is feminine, plural, and in the accusative case, indicating the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Feminine, Plural, Accusative
G2596
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix
Sounds like: kath
Translations: according to, down, against, throughout, during, by, for, with respect to, concerning
Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down' or 'according to'. It is commonly used as a prefix in compound words or as a preposition governing various cases. When used as a preposition, it can indicate movement downwards, distribution, opposition, or a standard of comparison. For example, 'καθ' ἕνα' means 'one by one', and 'καθά' means 'just as' or 'according as'. The elision (dropping of the final vowel) occurs before a word beginning with a vowel and a rough breathing mark.
Inflection: Does not inflect (it is an elided form of a preposition)
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΔΙΑ
Etymology: The word 'κατά' (kata) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'down' or 'against'. It is a common preposition in ancient Greek, indicating various relationships of position, direction, or standard.
G1438
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-ahf-TON
Translations: himself, herself, itself, themselves
Notes: This word is a reflexive pronoun, meaning 'himself, herself, itself, or themselves'. It is used to refer back to the subject of the sentence, indicating that the action of the verb is directed back to the subject. For example, 'he saw himself'. It can be used for singular or plural subjects.
Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΝ
G5177
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: TOO-khas
Translations: fortunes, chances, destinies, successes, good fortunes, bad fortunes
Notes: This word refers to the concept of fortune, chance, or destiny, often personified as the goddess Tyche in ancient Greek thought. It can encompass both good and bad fortune, depending on the context. As an accusative plural, it would typically be used as the direct object of a verb, indicating multiple instances of fortune or chance.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΜΟΙΡΑ, ΕΙΜΑΡΜΕΝΗ, ΚΑΙΡΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΤΥΧΗ (tyche) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to obtain, to get, to happen'. It is related to the verb τυγχάνω (tynchanō), meaning 'to happen, to obtain'.
G0518
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Part of Speech: Participle, Verb
Sounds like: ah-pang-GEL-lohn
Translations: reporting, announcing, telling, declaring, bringing word, one who reports, he who reports
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'reporting' or 'announcing'. It describes someone who is in the act of bringing a message or news. It is a compound word formed from the preposition 'ἀπό' (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and 'ἀγγέλλω' (angellō), meaning 'to announce' or 'to tell'. Thus, it literally means 'to announce from' or 'to report back'. It is used to describe the action of delivering a message or news, often with a sense of returning with information.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ἈΝΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΕΥ̓ΑΓΓΕΛΙΖΩ
Etymology: The word ἀπαγγέλλω (apangellō) is a compound of ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and ἀγγέλλω (angellō), meaning 'to announce' or 'to tell'. The root ἀγγέλλω is related to ἄγγελος (angelos), meaning 'messenger'.
G3870
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Part of Speech: Participle, Noun, Adjective
Sounds like: pah-rah-kah-LOHN
Translations: comforting, exhorting, encouraging, appealing, entreating, inviting, consoling, a comforter, an exhorter, one who comforts, one who exhorts
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'one who is comforting' or 'one who is exhorting'. It describes an ongoing action of providing comfort, encouragement, or an appeal. It can function as an adjective modifying a noun, or as a substantive (a noun) referring to the person performing the action, such as 'the comforter' or 'the one who exhorts'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Present Active Participle
Synonyms: ΠΑΡΗΓΟΡΩΝ, ΠΑΡΑΜΥΘΟΥΜΕΝΟΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.
G3844
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix
Sounds like: pa-RAH
Translations: beside, by, near, from, with, at, along, beyond, against, through, in the presence of, alongside, a
Notes: This word functions primarily as a preposition, indicating proximity, origin, or comparison. It can mean 'beside,' 'from,' 'with,' 'at,' or 'alongside,' depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used as a prefix in compound words, it often conveys ideas of proximity, deviation, or intensity, such as 'alongside,' 'beyond,' 'contrary to,' or 'through.'
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΣΥΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *per- (meaning 'forward, through'). It is cognate with English 'for' and 'through'.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOO
Translations: (of) him, his, (of) it, its
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun. In this genitive singular form, it typically means 'of him,' 'his,' 'of it,' or 'its,' indicating possession or origin. It can refer to a male person or a neuter object/concept.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ (autos) is of uncertain origin, possibly from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'self'. It is an ancient Greek word that has been in continuous use.
G3992
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pem-FTHEN-tah
Translations: having been sent, those who were sent, the ones sent
Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle derived from the verb 'ΠΕΜΠΩ', meaning 'to send'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, describing someone or something that has undergone the action of being sent. It refers to individuals or things that have been dispatched or commissioned.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ, ΕΞΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *pempeh₂- (to send, to lead).
G1121
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: GRAHM-mah-tah
Translations: letters, writings, documents, sacred writings, literature, learning
Notes: This word refers to written characters, letters of the alphabet, or more broadly, writings, documents, or even literature and learning. In some contexts, it can specifically refer to the sacred writings or scriptures. It is used to describe written communication or knowledge acquired through writing.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΒΙΒΛΙΑ, ΛΟΓΙΑ, ΓΡΑΦΑΙ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOOS
Translations: the, them, those
Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).
G0935
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: bah-see-LEH-ahs
Translations: kings, a king, (of) kings, (to) kings
Notes: This word refers to a king or ruler. It is used to denote a monarch, sovereign, or anyone who holds supreme authority over a territory or people. It can be used in a literal sense for earthly rulers or metaphorically for God or Christ as the ultimate ruler. In this form, it is the accusative plural, meaning it would typically function as the direct object of a verb, indicating 'kings' as the recipients of an action.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ
G0649
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-pos-TEH-lai
Translations: to send, to send forth, to dispatch, to commission
Notes: This is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'apostellō'. It means 'to send' or 'to send forth' and is often used to describe the act of dispatching someone or something for a specific purpose or mission. As an infinitive, it functions like a verbal noun, often used after verbs of commanding, desiring, or enabling, indicating the action to be performed.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΠΕΜΠΩ, ΕΞΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ
G3426
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: MO-dee-os
Translations: bushel, a bushel
Notes: A modius was a Roman dry measure, equivalent to about 8.75 liters or 1 peck. It was commonly used for measuring grain. In a sentence, it would refer to a container of this specific capacity or the measure itself.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Etymology: From Latin 'modius', meaning 'a measure, a bushel', which is related to 'modus' (measure, limit).
G1209
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: deh-KSAH-meh-nos
Translations: receiving, having received, accepting, having accepted, welcoming, having welcomed, taking, having taken
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'dechomai', meaning 'to receive' or 'to accept'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred or is ongoing. It often conveys the sense of someone who has taken something into their possession, welcomed someone, or accepted a proposition.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Nominative, Singular, Masculine
Synonyms: ΛΑΒΩΝ, ΥΠΟΔΕΞΑΜΕΝΟΣ, ΠΡΟΣΔΕΞΑΜΕΝΟΣ
G1992
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ep-is-to-LAS
Translations: letters, epistles, a letter, an epistle
Notes: This word refers to written communications, such as letters or epistles. It is commonly used in the plural to denote multiple letters or a collection of writings. It can be used in sentences like 'He wrote letters' or 'They received the epistles'.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΑ, ΒΙΒΛΙΑ
G5463
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-KHA-ray
Translations: rejoiced, was glad
Notes: ἘΧΑΡΗ is a verb meaning 'rejoiced' or 'was glad'. It describes someone experiencing joy or happiness in a past event. It is often used to express a strong positive emotional response to news or circumstances.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive (or Deponent Middle), 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΕΥΦΡΑΙΝΩ, ΑΓΑΛΛΙΑΩ
G4970
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: SFO-drah
Translations: very, exceedingly, greatly, strongly, vehemently
Notes: This word is an adverb used to intensify the meaning of a verb, adjective, or another adverb. It indicates a high degree or intensity of the action or quality described, often translated as 'very much' or 'to a great extent'. It is used to emphasize the force or extent of something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΛΙΑΝ, ΠΟΛΥ, ΜΑΛΑ
Etymology: From an unused root meaning 'to be vehement'.
G4982
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: SOH-zes-thai
Translations: to be saved, to be delivered, to be preserved, to be made whole
Notes: This is the present passive infinitive form of the verb 'σῴζω' (sōzō). It means 'to be saved,' 'to be delivered,' or 'to be preserved.' It describes the state or action of someone or something being rescued, protected, or brought to safety by an external agent. It can be used in contexts of spiritual salvation, physical healing, or general preservation from danger.
Inflection: Present, Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΡΥΟΜΑΙ, ΔΙΑΣΩΖΩ, ΣΩΤΗΡΙΑ
G1537
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: ex
Translations: out of, from, of, by, with
Notes: ἘΞ is a preposition that signifies origin, separation, or source. It always governs the genitive case. It can denote movement 'out of' a place, 'from' a point in time or a source, 'of' a material or composition, or 'by' an agent. It often implies a complete separation or a clear point of departure.
Inflection: Does not inflect; always takes the genitive case.
Synonyms: ΑΠΟ, ΕΚ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is cognate with Latin ex and English out.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: of them, their, of themselves
Notes: This word is a pronoun indicating possession or relation, specifically for a group of people or things. It is used to mean 'of them' or 'their', often referring back to a previously mentioned plural noun or pronoun.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, All genders
G1921
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: eh-pee-GNOOS
Translations: having known, knowing, recognizing, understanding, perceiving, having perceived, having recognized, having understood
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'epiginōskō', meaning 'to know fully, to recognize, to understand completely'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred or is ongoing, often indicating the cause or circumstance of another action. It implies a deeper, more complete knowledge than simple 'ginōskō' (to know). It can be translated as 'having known' or 'knowing' depending on the context, often implying a realization or full recognition.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΣΥΝΙΗΜΙ
G3992
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-PEM-pse
Translations: he sent, she sent, it sent, to send
Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'ΠΕΜΠΩ' (pempo), meaning 'to send' or 'to dispatch'. It describes an action of sending that occurred in the past and is completed. It is used when a single person or entity sent something or someone.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ, ΣΤΕΛΛΩ, ΕΞΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ
G4012
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PEH-ree
Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.
Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself
Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: BAY-roo-ton
Translations: Beirut
Notes: Βηρυτόν (Bērytón) refers to the ancient city of Beirut, located in Phoenicia (modern-day Lebanon). It was a significant Roman colony and port city. In the provided examples, it is used with the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into' or 'to', indicating movement towards the city.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Neuter
Etymology: The name 'Beirut' is of Semitic origin, likely derived from the Canaanite word 'be'erot' meaning 'wells' or 'springs', referring to the city's abundant water supply.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ON-tas
Translations: being, existing, those who are, those who exist
Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'to be' (ΕἸΜΙ), inflected in the masculine accusative plural. It describes individuals or things that are currently in a state of being or existence. It can be translated as 'being' or 'existing', often referring to 'those who are' or 'those who exist' in a particular state or place, especially when used substantively (as a noun). For example, it might refer to 'those who are present' or 'those who are alive'.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Accusative, Plural
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter
Sounds like: OH
Translations: the, who, which, O
Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)
Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.
G0935
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: bah-see-LEHFS
Translations: king, a king, ruler, sovereign
Notes: This word refers to a king or a ruler, someone who holds supreme authority over a territory or people. It is commonly used to denote a monarch or sovereign. In a sentence, it would function as a noun, often as the subject or object, indicating the person in power.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ
Etymology: From an uncertain root, possibly related to a word meaning 'base' or 'foundation', suggesting one who stands at the foundation of power or authority. It has been used since ancient Greek times to refer to a monarch.
G0067
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ah-GRIP-pahs
Translations: Agrippa
Notes: Agrippa is a Roman personal name, often associated with members of the Herodian dynasty who ruled over parts of Judea. It refers to several historical figures, most notably Herod Agrippa I and Herod Agrippa II, both of whom are mentioned in the New Testament. The name signifies a person of Roman origin or influence.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Etymology: The name Agrippa is of Latin origin, derived from 'Agrippa', a Roman cognomen. It was traditionally given to children born feet first (breech birth).
G5613
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition
Sounds like: OHS
Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that
Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.
G1097
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eg-NOH
Translations: knew, recognized, understood, perceived
Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'γινώσκω' (ginōskō), meaning 'to know' or 'to come to know'. It describes an action of knowing or recognizing that occurred in the past, often implying a completed or definite act of gaining knowledge or understanding. It can be used in sentences like 'he knew' or 'she recognized'.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΟΙΔΑ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ
G5579, G5578
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: PSEV-dee
Translations: false, untrue, lying, lies, falsehoods, a lie, an untruth
Notes: This word refers to something that is false, untrue, or a lie. As an adjective, it describes things that are not true or are deceptive. As a noun, it refers to falsehoods or lies themselves. It is often used in a plural sense to denote multiple untruths or deceptions.
Inflection: Neuter Plural, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative
Synonyms: ΑΛΗΘΗ, ΑΠΑΤΗ, ΠΛΑΝΗ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TANE
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.
G5376
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: fee-LIP-poo
Translations: (of) Philip
Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the proper noun 'Philip'. It refers to a person named Philip and is used to indicate possession or origin, meaning 'of Philip' or 'Philip's'. It is a common name found in ancient Greek texts, including the New Testament and historical writings.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Etymology: From Greek Φίλιππος (Philippos), meaning 'lover of horses' or 'fond of horses', derived from φίλος (philos, 'dear, beloved, loving') and ἵππος (hippos, 'horse').
G5345
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: FEE-main
Translations: report, a report, rumor, a rumor, fame, a fame, renown, a renown
Notes: This word refers to a report, rumor, or a widespread saying. It can also denote fame or renown, indicating what is said about someone or something. It is typically used to describe information that is circulating or the reputation of a person or event.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΚΟΗ, ΛΟΓΟΣ, ΟΝΟΜΑ
Etymology: From φημί (phēmi, "to say, declare"), which comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to speak, say."
G1096
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: geh-no-MEH-neen
Translations: having become, having come to be, having happened, having occurred, having arisen, having been made, having been done
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become,' 'to come into being,' 'to happen,' or 'to be made.' As a participle, it describes an action that has already taken place, functioning like an adjective or adverb to modify a noun or verb. It indicates a completed state or event, often translated with 'having been' or 'having become' followed by a past participle.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Feminine, Singular, Accusative
Synonyms: ΓΕΓΟΝΥΙΑΝ, ΠΕΦΥΚΥΙΑΝ
G3056
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: LOH-goss
Translations: word, a word, reason, a reason, account, an account, speech, a speech, message, a message, report, a report, thing, a thing, matter, a matter, saying, a saying, discourse, a discourse
Notes: The word 'logos' is a fundamental term in Koine Greek with a wide range of meanings. It can refer to a spoken or written word, a statement, a message, or a command. Beyond simple communication, it also encompasses concepts like reason, logic, an account, a narrative, or even a divine utterance or principle. Its specific meaning often depends on the context in which it is used.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΡΗΜΑ, ΕΠΟΣ
Etymology: From the verb λέγω (legō), meaning 'to say, speak'. It refers to something said or thought, and its meaning evolved to encompass both speech and the underlying reason or thought.
G1063
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: gar
Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.
G1330
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: dee-EEL-then
Translations: passed through, went through, traversed
Notes: This word means to pass or go through something, indicating movement from one point to another, often implying crossing a barrier or traversing a distance. It can be used to describe someone passing through a city, a period of time passing, or an idea passing through one's mind.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΠΑΡΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΔΙΑΒΑΙΝΩ, ΔΙΑΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ
G4754
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: strah-tay-GOY-ay
Translations: he might be a commander, he might lead an army, he might act as a general
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb στρατηγέω (stratēgeō), meaning 'to be a commander' or 'to lead an army'. It describes the action of serving as a military leader or general. The form 'στρατηγοίη' indicates a potential or hypothetical action, suggesting what someone 'might' do in the role of a commander.
Inflection: Third Person Singular, Present Tense, Optative Mood, Active Voice
Synonyms: ΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΑΡΧΩ, ΚΥΒΕΡΝΑΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G2453
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ee-oo-DAH-ee-ohn
Translations: of Jews, of the Jews
Notes: This word refers to people from Judea or those who are adherents of Judaism. It is a plural noun in the genitive case, indicating possession or origin, often translated as 'of Jews' or 'belonging to Jews'. It can be used to describe the people, their customs, or their land.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
G1909
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: eh-PEE
Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to
Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.
G4514
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: roh-MAH-ee-oos
Translations: Romans
Notes: This word refers to the people of Rome or the Roman Empire. It is used to denote the inhabitants or citizens of Rome, or more broadly, those associated with the Roman state. In the provided context, it is used to indicate the destination or object of an action involving the Romans.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine
G4171
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PO-le-mon
Translations: war, a war
Notes: This word refers to a state of armed conflict between different countries or groups. It is used to describe a battle or a prolonged struggle, often involving military action and violence. In a sentence, it would typically function as the direct object of a verb.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΜΑΧΗ, ΑΓΩΝ
G3992
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ep-EM-psen
Translations: sent, he sent, she sent, it sent
Notes: This word means 'sent' and is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'to send'. It describes an action of sending that occurred in the past, completed at a specific point in time. It can be used in sentences like 'He sent a letter' or 'She sent a messenger'.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ, ΙΣΤΗΜΙ
G2462
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: hip-PEIS
Translations: horsemen, cavalry, a horseman
Notes: This word refers to horsemen or cavalry. It is used to describe individuals who ride horses, especially in a military context, or a group of such individuals. It can also refer to the cavalry as a military unit.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΙΠΠΟΤΑΙ, ΙΠΠΟΔΡΟΜΟΙ
G3992
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: pa-ra-PEM-pson-tas
Translations: those who will send away, those who will escort, those who will conduct, those who will dismiss
Notes: This word is a future active participle derived from the verb 'παραπέμπω' (parapempō), meaning 'to send alongside, to escort, to conduct, to send away, or to dismiss'. As a participle, it functions adjectivally or adverbially, describing an action that will happen in the future. In this form, it refers to 'those who are about to send away' or 'those who will escort'.
Inflection: Future, Active, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΠΕΜΠΩ, ΠΡΟΠΕΜΠΩ
Etymology: The word 'παραπέμπω' (parapempō) is a compound word formed from 'παρά' (para), meaning 'beside, alongside', and 'πέμπω' (pempō), meaning 'to send'.
G3854
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: pa-ra-geh-NO-meh-non
Translations: having come, having arrived, having appeared, a thing having come, that which has come
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'παραγίνομαι', meaning 'to come alongside, to arrive, or to be present'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is completed, functioning like an adjective or adverb in a sentence. In this form, it refers to something that has come or arrived.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΗΚΩ, ΦΘΑΝΩ
G782
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: as-PAH-zeh-tai
Translations: he greets, she greets, it greets, he salutes, she salutes, it salutes, he embraces, she embraces, it embraces
Notes: This word means to greet, salute, or embrace. It is often used to convey a friendly or respectful salutation, similar to saying 'hello' or 'farewell' to someone. It can also imply a physical embrace or a warm welcome. In a sentence, it would typically be used to describe someone extending a greeting to another person or group.
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΧΑΙΡΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΥΝΕΩ
G5037
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle
Sounds like: TEH
Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.
G5380
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: fee-loh-FROH-nohss
Translations: kindly, courteously, hospitably, in a friendly manner, graciously
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning "kindly" or "courteously." It describes an action performed with friendliness, goodwill, or hospitality. It is often used to describe how someone receives or treats another person, indicating a warm and welcoming disposition. It is derived from the adjective φιλόφρων (philophron), meaning "friendly" or "kind-hearted."
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΥΝΟΙΚΩΣ, ΕΥΜΕΝΩΣ, ΠΡΟΣΗΝΩΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toys
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: ΤΟΙΣ is the dative plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, but specifically indicates the indirect object or the recipient of an action, or location/instrument when used with a dative noun. It can be used with masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns in the plural.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into the definite article in Greek.
G4514
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: roh-MAI-ohn
Translations: of Romans, of the Romans
Notes: This word refers to the people of Rome or the Roman Empire. It is used here in the genitive plural, indicating possession or origin, often translated as 'of the Romans' or 'belonging to the Romans'.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine
Etymology: The word Ῥωμαῖος (Rhomaios) is derived from Ῥώμη (Rhōmē), the Greek name for Rome. It refers to an inhabitant of the city or empire of Rome.
G2232
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: hay-ge-MO-sin
Translations: to a governor, to governors, to a ruler, to rulers, to a leader, to leaders, (to) a chief, (to) chiefs
Notes: This word refers to a leader, ruler, or governor. It is used to describe someone in a position of authority or command. In this inflected form, it indicates the indirect object of an action, meaning 'to' or 'for' a leader or leaders.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ
G1731
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-peh-DEIK-noo-en
Translations: he was showing, he was displaying, he was demonstrating, he was pointing out
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the prefix ἘΠΙ- (epi-, meaning 'upon, to, in addition') and the verb ΔΕΙΚΝΥΜΙ (deiknymi, meaning 'to show, point out'). In this form, it is the third person singular, imperfect active indicative, meaning 'he/she/it was showing', 'was displaying', or 'was demonstrating'. It describes an action that was ongoing or repeated in the past.
Inflection: Third Person Singular, Imperfect, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΔΕΙΣΚΝΥΜΙ, ΕΝΔΕΙΚΝΥΜΙ, ΑΠΟΔΕΙΚΝΥΜΙ
G3754
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OH-tee
Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which
Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ
Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.
G1211
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: DAY
Translations: now, indeed, then, already, certainly, truly, come, go to
Notes: This word is an indeclinable particle used to give emphasis, urgency, or to mark a transition in discourse. It can express a sense of 'now' or 'already', or it can be used to urge someone to action, similar to 'come on' or 'go to'. It often adds a sense of immediacy or certainty to a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΡΑ, ΓΕ, ΝΥΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to emphasize or urge.
G3778
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: OO-tos
Translations: this, that, he, she, it, these, those, this one, that one
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something or someone that is near, or has just been mentioned. It can function as a substantive (e.g., 'he', 'she', 'it', 'this one') or as an adjective modifying a noun (e.g., 'this man', 'these things'). It often refers to something immediately present or recently discussed in the discourse.
Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular
Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΔΕ
Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be an ancient demonstrative pronoun in Greek, possibly related to other Indo-European demonstratives.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ES-tin
Translations: is, a is
Notes: This word is the third person singular present indicative form of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It means 'he is', 'she is', 'it is', or 'there is'. It is used to express existence, identity, or a state of being, often linking a subject to a predicate. It can also imply 'exists' or 'happens'.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
G3756, G3757
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Relative Adverb, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OO
Translations: not, no, where, of whom, of which, when
Notes: This word, written without diacritics, can represent at least two distinct Koine Greek words. It most commonly functions as a negative particle (οὐ), meaning 'not' or 'no', used to express a direct and objective negation. It can also function as a relative adverb (οὗ), meaning 'where' or 'when', indicating place or time, or as a relative genitive pronoun, meaning 'of whom' or 'of which'. The precise meaning depends on the context and the original diacritics.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a particle/adverb); Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter (as a relative pronoun)
Synonyms: ΜΗ, ΟΠΟΥ
Etymology: The negative particle οὐ (ou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ne, meaning 'not'. The relative adverb/pronoun οὗ (hou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-, a pronominal stem.
G1330
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: dee-eks-AY-ee
Translations: went through, passed through, went out, passed out, went over, passed over, related, recounted
Notes: This is an inflected form of the compound verb ΔΙΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ (diexerchomai), which means 'to go through, pass through, or go out'. It can also mean 'to relate' or 'to recount' something in detail, as if going through the details one by one. It is formed from the preposition ΔΙΑ (dia, 'through') and the verb ΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ (exerchomai, 'to go out').
Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΔΙΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΔΙΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: The word ΔΙΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΔΙΑ (dia), meaning 'through', and the verb ΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ (exerchomai), meaning 'to go out'. ΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ itself is a compound of ΕΚ (ek), meaning 'out of', and ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ (erchomai), meaning 'to come or go'.
G0868
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ap-os-TAN-tos
Translations: having departed, having stood off, having withdrawn, having revolted, having fallen away, having deserted
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'aphistēmi', meaning 'to stand off from', 'to depart', 'to withdraw', or 'to revolt'. It describes an action that has already occurred, indicating someone or something that has separated themselves from a person, place, or allegiance. It can be used to describe a physical departure or a metaphorical one, such as a defection or apostasy.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ΑΠΟΛΕΙΠΩ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΡΑΣΚΩ
G2753
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: keh-LEH-oo-ee
Translations: he commands, he orders, he urges, he bids
Notes: This word means to command, order, or urge someone to do something. It is used to express a directive or an instruction given by an authority or someone in a position to give orders. For example, 'he commands them to go' or 'he orders the work to be done'.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΤΑΤΤΩ, ΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΤΩ, ΔΙΑΤΑΣΣΩ
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Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral
Sounds like: DEL-tah
Translations: Delta, four, 4
Notes: Δ (Delta) is the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet. In the Greek numeral system, it represents the number four. It is also used as a symbol in various contexts, including mathematics and science, though its primary function in Koine Greek texts is as a letter or a numeral.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The Greek letter Delta is derived from the Phoenician letter Dalet, which means 'door'.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: him, it, himself, itself
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun, typically meaning 'him' or 'it' when used as a personal pronoun. It can also be used intensively to mean 'himself' or 'itself', emphasizing the subject or object. It refers to a previously mentioned male person or a neuter object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter
G5100
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TEE-nas
Translations: who, what, some, any, some people, any people, some things, any things
Notes: ΤΙΝΑΣ is an inflected form of the pronoun/adjective ΤΙΣ. It serves as both an interrogative (asking 'who?' or 'what?') and an indefinite (meaning 'someone,' 'something,' 'some,' or 'any'). In this form, it is the masculine or feminine, plural, accusative case. It can be used to ask about the identity of multiple people or things, or to refer to an unspecified group of people or things.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine or Feminine
G353
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ah-nah-lah-BON-tah
Translations: taking up, having taken up, picking up, having picked up, receiving, having received, to take up, to pick up, to receive
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb ἀναλαμβάνω (analambanō). It is a compound word formed from ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'again', and λαμβάνω (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. It generally means 'taking up', 'picking up', or 'receiving'. As an aorist participle, it often indicates an action completed prior to the main verb, so it can be translated as 'having taken up' or 'having received'. It is used to describe someone who performs the action of taking or receiving something.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Accusative, Masculine, Singular
Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΟΝΤΑ, ΔΕΧΟΜΕΝΟΝ, ΑἸΡΟΝΤΑ
G5035
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: THAT-ton
Translations: sooner, more quickly, faster
Notes: This word is the comparative form of the adverb 'quickly'. It means 'more quickly' or 'sooner'. It is used to indicate that an action happens with greater speed or at an earlier time than something else. For example, one might say 'he came sooner' or 'they acted more quickly'.
Inflection: Comparative degree, Neuter Singular (used adverbially)
Synonyms: ΤΑΧΥΤΕΡΟΝ, ΣΠΟΥΔΑΙΟΤΕΡΟΝ
G1519
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EES
Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward
Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G5432
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: froo-REE-on
Translations: fortress, a fortress, stronghold, a stronghold, garrison, a garrison
Notes: This word refers to a fortified place, such as a fortress, stronghold, or a place where a military garrison is stationed. It is used to describe a secure and defensible structure, often built for protection or as a military base.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΧΥΡΩΜΑ, ΠΥΡΓΟΣ, ΤΕΙΧΟΣ
Etymology: From the verb φρουρέω (phroureō), meaning 'to guard, to watch over', which itself comes from φύλαξ (phylax), meaning 'a guard'. Thus, it denotes a place that is guarded or watched over.
G4198
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: por-yoo-THEE-nai
Translations: to go, to travel, to depart, to proceed
Notes: This word is an infinitive form of the verb 'to go' or 'to travel'. It describes the action of moving from one place to another, whether literally walking, journeying, or metaphorically proceeding in a certain direction or manner. It is often used to indicate a movement or a course of action.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΥΠΑΓΩ, ΒΑΙΝΩ
G3625
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: oy-KAY-ooce
Translations: one's own, a relative, a member of one's household, a kinsman, a kinswoman, a domestic, a household member
Notes: This word describes something or someone belonging to one's own household or family. It can refer to relatives, family members, or those who are part of one's domestic circle. It is often used to emphasize a close, personal connection, similar to 'one's own people' or 'those of one's own house'.
Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Accusative
Synonyms: ΣΥΓΓΕΝΗΣ, ΟΙΚΙΑΚΟΣ, ΕΝΔΟΘΕΝ
Etymology: From οἶκος (oikos), meaning 'house' or 'household'. The suffix -ειος indicates belonging or relation.
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-tas
Translations: all, every, everyone, the whole
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all' or 'every'. It is used to indicate the totality of something or someone. In this form, it is used for masculine nouns in the accusative plural, meaning 'all (of them)' or 'everyone'. It can also be used substantively to refer to 'all people' or 'everyone'.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G1564
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: eh-KAY-then
Translations: from there, thence, from that place, from that time
Notes: This adverb indicates movement or origin from a specific place or point in time. It is used to denote 'from that place' or 'from that time onward'. For example, one might say 'he went from there' or 'from that point, things changed'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἘΚΕΙ, ἘΝΘΕΝ
Etymology: From ἐκεῖ (there) and the suffix -θεν, which indicates origin or direction from.
G1806
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ex-AX-on-ta
Translations: about to lead out, who will lead out, those who will lead out, a woman who will lead out
Notes: This word is a future active participle derived from the verb 'ἐξάγω' (exago), meaning 'to lead out' or 'to bring forth'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that will happen in the future. It can be translated as 'about to lead out' or 'who will lead out', depending on the context and gender/number.
Inflection: Future Active Participle, Accusative Masculine Plural, Accusative Neuter Plural, or Nominative/Accusative Feminine Singular
Synonyms: ἈΝΑΓΩ, ἘΚΦΕΡΩ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἐξάγω (exágō), from ἐκ (ek, "out of") and ἄγω (ágō, "to lead").
G0896
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: bah-by-LOH-nee-oos
Translations: Babylonian, a Babylonian, Babylonians
Notes: This word refers to someone or something from Babylon, the ancient city in Mesopotamia. It can be used as an adjective to describe things related to Babylon, or as a noun to refer to the people of Babylon. In the provided examples, it is used as a noun referring to the people.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: bah-tah-NEH-ahn
Translations: Batanaea
Notes: This is a proper noun referring to Batanaea, a historical region in ancient Syria, located east of the Jordan River. It was part of the territory ruled by Herod the Great and later by his son Philip. It is used here in the accusative case, indicating the direct object of an action, such as 'Antiochus took Batanaea'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The name 'Batanaea' is of Aramaic origin, likely derived from a word meaning 'plain' or 'level ground', referring to the geographical characteristics of the region.
G3825
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: PAH-lin
Translations: again, back, anew, once more, on the other hand, moreover, in turn
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'again' or 'back'. It is used to indicate a repetition of an action or a return to a previous state or place. It can also be used to introduce a contrasting idea, similar to 'on the other hand' or 'moreover'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΥΘΙΣ, ΕΤΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kwel- (to turn, revolve). It refers to a turning back or repetition.
G0600
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ah-poh-kah-tah-STAY-son-tah
Translations: about to restore, about to establish, about to return, about to bring back
Notes: This word is a future active participle, indicating an action that is about to happen or intended to happen. It is derived from the verb 'apokathistēmi', which means to restore, re-establish, or bring back to a former state. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing a noun or modifying a verb, often conveying the sense of 'one who is about to restore' or 'in the act of restoring'.
Inflection: Future, Active, Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter, Plural
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΔΙΔΟΝΤΑ, ΑΠΟΚΑΘΙΣΤΑΝΤΑ
G3853
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: par-ENG-geh-leh
Translations: commanded, ordered, instructed, gave orders
Notes: This word means to command, order, or instruct someone to do something. It implies a directive or a formal instruction given with authority. It is typically used when someone in a position of authority issues a command to another person or a group.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΤΑΣΣΩ, ΚΕΛΕΥΩ, ΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΤΩ
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PA-san
Translations: all, every, whole, an entire
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all', 'every', or 'whole'. It is used to indicate the totality or completeness of something. For example, it can be used to say 'all people' or 'every house'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G4160
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: poy-ay-SAH-sthai
Translations: to make for oneself, to do for oneself, to cause to be done, to perform, to accomplish
Notes: This word is the aorist middle infinitive form of the verb 'ποιέω' (poieō). In the middle voice, the action of the verb is performed by the subject for its own benefit or with a direct involvement of the subject in the result. Therefore, it means 'to make for oneself' or 'to do for oneself', often implying an action that the subject causes to happen or performs for their own advantage or interest.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΠΡΑΞΑΙ, ΕΡΓΑΣΑΣΘΑΙ
G4307
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pro-NOY-an
Translations: providence, forethought, provision, a provision, care, foresight
Notes: This word refers to the act of thinking ahead, planning, or making preparations for the future. It can also denote divine foresight or care, often translated as 'providence'. In a practical sense, it signifies the provision of what is needed or the exercise of careful planning.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΒΛΕΨΙΣ, ΠΡΟΜΗΘΕΙΑ
G5228
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: hoo-PER
Translations: over, above, for, on behalf of, concerning, beyond, more than
Notes: ΥΠΕΡ is a Koine Greek preposition. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often means 'on behalf of', 'for the sake of', 'concerning', or 'instead of'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'over', 'above', 'beyond', or 'more than', often indicating position or motion.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΠΙ, ΠΕΡΙ, ΑΝΤΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *uperi, meaning 'over, above'. It is cognate with English 'over' and Latin 'super'.
G3361
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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb
Sounds like: MAY
Translations: not, lest, no, do not
Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.
G1096
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ge-NEH-sthai
Translations: to become, to be, to happen, to come to pass, to arise, to be made, to be born
Notes: This word is the aorist middle infinitive form of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai). It signifies the action of coming into being, happening, or being made. It can also mean to be born or to arise. As an infinitive, it often functions like 'to become' or 'to happen' in English, frequently used after verbs that express desire, ability, or necessity.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΠΟΙΕΩ
G5100
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TEE-nah
Translations: who, what, which, some, any, a certain one, something, anything
Notes: ΤΙΝΑ is an inflected form of the pronoun/adjective ΤΙΣ. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', 'anything', 'a certain one', or 'some'. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it is used in a question or a statement. It can function as both a pronoun standing alone or an adjective modifying a noun.
Inflection: Accusative Singular Masculine or Feminine, or Nominative/Accusative Plural Neuter
G3501
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: neh-oh-teh-ris-MON
Translations: innovation, a revolution, a change, a new order
Notes: This word refers to an innovation, a new thing, or a revolutionary change. It can describe a political upheaval or a new custom. In a sentence, it would function as the direct object of a verb, indicating the thing being innovated or changed.
Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Accusative
Synonyms: ΚΑΙΝΟΤΟΜΙΑ, ΜΕΤΑΒΟΛΗ
Etymology: The word ΝΕΩΤΕΡΙΣΜΟΣ (neōterismos) is derived from the adjective ΝΕΩΤΕΡΟΣ (neōteros), meaning 'newer' or 'younger', which itself comes from ΝΕΟΣ (neos), meaning 'new' or 'young'. The suffix -ΙΣΜΟΣ (-ismos) indicates an action, state, or doctrine, thus 'the act or state of being new' or 'innovation'.
G3844
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: pah-RAH
Translations: from, by, with, beside, at, near, alongside, to
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it typically means 'from' or 'from beside', indicating origin or agency. With the dative case, it means 'with', 'beside', or 'at', indicating proximity or presence. With the accusative case, it means 'alongside', 'to', or 'past', indicating motion towards or along something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΥΠΟ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'beside', 'alongside'. It is cognate with English 'for' and 'from'.
G5218
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: hoo-pay-KO-ohn
Translations: (of) obedient, (of) subject, (of) subjects, (of) those who obey, (of) those who are subject
Notes: This word describes someone who is obedient or subject to authority. It is often used as a noun to refer to 'subjects' or 'those who obey'. In the provided context, it is used in the genitive plural, indicating 'of subjects' or 'of those who are subject'. It is a compound word formed from 'ὑπό' (hypo, 'under') and 'ἀκούω' (akouō, 'to hear'), literally meaning 'hearing under' or 'listening under authority'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΟΥΛΩΝ, ΥΠΟΤΑΓΜΕΝΩΝ
G3767
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: OON
Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed
Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TOW-tah
Translations: these, these things
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'these' or 'these things'. It refers to something previously mentioned or understood from the context, pointing it out specifically. As a pronoun, it stands in place of a noun, while as an adjective, it modifies a noun.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
G1989
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: ep-ee-STEL-lan-tos
Translations: having sent, having written, having commanded, having given instructions
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'epistellō', meaning 'to send a message, to write, to command, or to give instructions'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. It often implies that someone has sent a letter or given a specific order or instruction. For example, it could be used to say 'he, having sent a letter...' or 'because he commanded...'.
Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Singular, Masculine, Genitive
Synonyms: ΓΡΑΨΑΝΤΟΣ, ΠΕΜΨΑΝΤΟΣ, ΚΕΛΕΥΣΑΝΤΟΣ
G4700
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ess-PEV-deh
Translations: was hurrying, was eager, was hastening, was pressing on
Notes: This word describes the action of hurrying, hastening, or being eager to do something. It implies a sense of urgency or zealousness in action. It is often used to describe someone moving quickly or diligently towards a goal.
Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΣΠΕΥΔΩ, ΕΠΕΙΓΩ, ΤΑΧΥΝΩ
G4160
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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)
Sounds like: poy-EE-sohn
Translations: will make, will do, about to make, about to do, one who will make, one who will do
Notes: This is a future active participle, indicating an action that is about to happen or will happen. It describes someone who is going to make or do something. It functions adjectivally, modifying a noun, or adverbially, indicating purpose or future action.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative, Future Active Participle
Synonyms: ΠΡΑΞΩΝ, ΕΡΓΑΣΟΜΕΝΟΣ
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Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral, Prefix
Sounds like: AL-fah (as the letter name), ah (as the sound)
Translations: Alpha, A, one, un-, a-
Notes: This is the first letter of the Greek alphabet, equivalent to the English 'A'. It can also function as the numeral '1'. Furthermore, it is commonly used as a prefix (known as the 'alpha privative') when placed before a word, indicating negation, absence, or the opposite of the word's meaning, similar to the English prefixes 'un-' or 'a-'. For example, 'atheist' (without God) comes from 'a-' (without) and 'theos' (God).
Inflection: Does not inflect as a letter or numeral. As a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the word it precedes.
Etymology: The letter 'Alpha' is derived from the Phoenician letter 'aleph', which meant 'ox'. It was adopted by the Greeks and became the first letter of their alphabet.
G4369
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pros-ET-ax-en
Translations: he commanded, he ordered, he appointed, he instructed
Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the preposition 'πρός' (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and the verb 'τάσσω' (tassō), meaning 'to arrange' or 'to order'. It means 'he/she/it commanded' or 'he/she/it ordered'. It is used to describe someone giving a direct instruction or decree.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΕΝΤΕΛΛΟΜΑΙ, ΚΕΛΕΥΩ, ΔΙΑΤΑΣΣΩ
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