Home / Interlinears (Beta) / Life of Flavius Josephus, The / The Life of Flavius Josephus / Chapter 50The Life of Flavius Josephus, Chapter 50
Interlinear version from Life of Flavius Josephus, The (Beta)
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TAWT
Translations: this, that, these, those
Notes: ΤΑΥΤ is an inflected form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective 'οὗτος' (houtos), meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something specific, either near in space or time, or recently mentioned. It can function as a pronoun, standing in for a noun, or as an adjective, modifying a noun. Its meaning can shift slightly depending on the gender, number, and case.
Inflection: Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural; or Feminine, Genitive, Singular
Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
G2089
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: eh-TEE
Translations: still, yet, further, more
Notes: This word is an adverb indicating continuation in time or degree. It can mean 'still' or 'yet' when referring to something that is ongoing or has not happened yet. It can also mean 'further' or 'more' when adding to something or indicating an additional quantity or action.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΕΤΙ, ἘΤΙΔΕ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *eti 'beyond, further'. It is related to Latin et 'and, also'.
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: leh-GON-tos
Translations: of saying, of speaking, of telling, of calling, of meaning
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ΛΕΓΩ', meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. As a genitive participle, it often functions adverbially, indicating the time or circumstance of an action, such as 'while saying' or 'when he was speaking'. It can also function adjectivally, modifying a noun in the genitive case, meaning 'of the one saying'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Present, Active, Participle
Synonyms: ΕΡΩ, ΦΗΜΙ, ΛΑΛΕΩ
G2839
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: KOY-nahy
Translations: common, public, shared, ordinary
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'common,' 'public,' or 'shared.' It describes something that belongs to or is accessible to everyone, or something that is ordinary and not special. It can be used to describe things, people, or ideas.
Inflection: Feminine, Nominative/Vocative Plural; or Masculine/Feminine, Dative Singular
Synonyms: ΔΗΜΟΣΙΑ, ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΚΑ
G3844
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: pah-RAH
Translations: from, by, with, beside, at, near, alongside, to
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it typically means 'from' or 'from beside', indicating origin or agency. With the dative case, it means 'with', 'beside', or 'at', indicating proximity or presence. With the accusative case, it means 'alongside', 'to', or 'past', indicating motion towards or along something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΥΠΟ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'beside', 'alongside'. It is cognate with English 'for' and 'from'.
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-tone
Translations: (of) all, (of) every, (of) everyone, (of) everything, (of) the whole
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'πᾶς' (pas), meaning 'all', 'every', or 'the whole'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for a plural group, signifying 'of all' or 'belonging to all'. It can refer to people, things, or concepts, encompassing a complete set or totality.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G1096
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-GEH-non-toh
Translations: they became, they were, they came to be, they happened, they arose
Notes: This word is a past tense form of the verb 'to become' or 'to be'. It describes an action that occurred in the past, indicating a change of state, an event happening, or the coming into existence of something. It is often used to describe what happened or what came about.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle Voice, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΓΕΝΝΑΩ
Etymology: The word ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to come into being' or 'to be born'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey similar concepts of becoming or originating.
G5456
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: foh-NAI
Translations: voices, sounds, a voice, a sound
Notes: This word refers to voices or sounds. It can be used to describe human voices, animal sounds, or even inanimate sounds like the sound of a trumpet. It is often used in contexts related to communication, speech, or audible phenomena.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative
Synonyms: ΗΧΟΣ, ΚΡΑΥΓΗ
G2564
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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)
Sounds like: ka-LOON-tone
Translations: of calling, of inviting, of summoning, of those calling, of those inviting, of those summoning
Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'καλέω' (kaleō), meaning 'to call,' 'to invite,' or 'to summon.' As a participle, it describes an ongoing action and functions like an adjective or a noun. In this genitive plural form, it typically refers to 'those who are calling,' 'those who are inviting,' or 'those who are summoning,' often indicating possession or origin.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΚΑΛΟΥΝΤΩΝ, ΣΥΓΚΑΛΟΥΝΤΩΝ, ΠΑΡΑΚΑΛΟΥΝΤΩΝ
G2110
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: yoo-er-geh-TEN
Translations: benefactor, a benefactor, patron, a patron
Notes: This word refers to a benefactor, someone who does good deeds or provides help and support to others. It is used to describe a person who is a patron or a doer of good works. In a sentence, it would typically function as the object of a verb or preposition, indicating the recipient of an action.
Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Accusative
Synonyms: ΕΥΕΡΓΕΤΗΣ, ΕΥΠΟΙΟΣ, ΧΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ
G1691
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: MEH
Translations: me
Notes: This word is the first-person singular pronoun 'me' in the accusative case. It is used as the direct object of a verb or as the object of certain prepositions, indicating the recipient of an action or the object being affected.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, First Person
Etymology: The word ΜΕ (me) derives from the ancient Greek first-person singular pronoun. Its form has remained largely consistent throughout various stages of the Greek language.
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G4990
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: so-TEE-ra
Translations: Savior, a Savior, Deliverer, Preserver
Notes: This word refers to a savior, deliverer, or preserver. It is a masculine noun and is used to describe someone who brings salvation or rescue. In the provided examples, it is used in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition, often referring to God or Christ as 'the Savior'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΛΥΤΡΩΤΗΣ, ΡΥΣΤΗΣ
G4012
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PEH-ree
Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.
Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself
Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.
G3303
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: MEN
Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however
Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G4238
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Part of Speech: Participle, Noun
Sounds like: pep-rag-MEH-non
Translations: (of) things done, (of) deeds, (of) actions, (of) accomplishments
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the perfect passive participle of the verb 'πράσσω' (prassō), meaning 'to do' or 'to accomplish'. It refers to things that have been done or accomplished, often translated as 'deeds' or 'actions'. It functions as a noun in this form, indicating possession or relation to these completed actions.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter, Perfect, Passive, Participle
Synonyms: ΕΡΓΩΝ, ΠΟΙΗΜΑΤΩΝ
G3140
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-mar-TOO-roon
Translations: they bore witness, they testified, they gave testimony, they bore record
Notes: This verb means to bear witness, testify, or give testimony. It is used to describe the act of providing evidence or affirming the truth of something, often in a legal or public context. It can also refer to giving a good report or commendation about someone.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΜΑΡΤΥΡΩ, ΕΠΙΜΑΡΤΥΡΕΩ
Etymology: The word ΜΑΡΤΥΡΕΩ comes from μάρτυς (martys), meaning 'witness'.
G1161
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: DEH
Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however
Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.
G4238
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: prakh-thay-so-MEH-non
Translations: of things to be done, of things to be accomplished, of things to be performed, of things to be brought about
Notes: This word is a future passive participle, meaning "of things that are about to be done" or "of things that will be accomplished." It is used to describe actions or events that are yet to occur, emphasizing their future completion by an external agent. In a sentence, it would typically modify a noun, indicating what is to be done concerning that noun.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Neuter, Future, Passive
Synonyms: ΓΕΝΗΣΟΜΕΝΩΝ, ΤΕΛΕΣΘΗΣΟΜΕΝΩΝ
G3870
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: par-eh-ka-LOON
Translations: they were calling alongside, they were exhorting, they were comforting, they were appealing to, they were entreating, they were encouraging
Notes: This word is the third person plural imperfect active indicative form of the verb παρακαλέω (parakaleō). It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, meaning 'they were calling someone to their side,' 'they were exhorting,' 'they were comforting,' 'they were appealing to,' or 'they were encouraging.' It implies a continuous or habitual action of summoning, urging, or consoling.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΠΑΡΑΚΑΛΟΥΝΤΕΣ, ΠΑΡΑΚΑΛΟΥΜΕΝΟΙ, ΠΑΡΑΚΑΛΟΥΣΙΝ
Etymology: The word παρακαλέω is a compound of παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside,' and καλέω (kaleō), meaning 'to call.' Thus, its core meaning is 'to call to one's side.'
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-tes
Translations: all, every, whole
Notes: This word means 'all' or 'every'. It is used to indicate the totality or completeness of a group or quantity, often referring to 'all' members of a set or 'every' single item. It can also mean 'whole' when referring to a single entity.
Inflection: Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: HOLOS
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Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral
Sounds like: DEL-tah
Translations: Delta, four, 4
Notes: Δ (Delta) is the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet. In the Greek numeral system, it represents the number four. It is also used as a symbol in various contexts, including mathematics and science, though its primary function in Koine Greek texts is as a letter or a numeral.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The Greek letter Delta is derived from the Phoenician letter Dalet, which means 'door'.
G3660
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: OHM-nyoo-on
Translations: they were swearing, they swore, they took an oath
Notes: This word is the third person plural imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'to swear' or 'to take an oath'. It describes an action of swearing or taking an oath that was ongoing or repeated in the past. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'They were swearing by the gods' or 'They swore repeatedly'.
Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΟΜΟΝΥΩ, ΟΜΟΛΟΓΕΩ
G0447
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-noo-BRIS-toos
Translations: not insolent, not abusive, respectful, uninsulted, uninjured
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'not insolent' or 'not abusive'. It describes someone or something that is not prone to insulting others, or that is not subjected to insult or injury. It can be used to describe a person's character or a state of being.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΝΕΠΙΛΗΠΤΟΣ, ΑΜΕΜΠΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΑΝΥΒΡΙΣΤΟΣ is a compound word formed from the privative alpha (α-) meaning 'not' or 'without', and the word ὕβρις (HYBRIS), meaning 'insolence' or 'outrage'. Thus, it literally means 'without insolence'.
G2192
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EKH-ayn
Translations: to have, to hold, to possess, to be able, to keep, to get
Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It is used to express possession, a state of being, or ability. As an infinitive, it often functions like a noun, serving as the subject or object of another verb, or it can complete the meaning of another verb.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΚΕΚΤΗΜΑΙ, ΚΡΑΤΕΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAS
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑΣ is the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a particular noun, similar to 'the' in English. This specific form is used when the noun it modifies is feminine, plural, and in the accusative case, indicating the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Feminine, Plural, Accusative
G1135
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: goo-NAI-kas
Translations: women, wives, a woman, a wife
Notes: This word refers to women in general, or specifically to wives. It is the plural form of 'woman' or 'wife' and is used when referring to multiple females or spouses. It often appears as the direct object of a verb, indicating that women or wives are receiving the action.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine
G3076
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: leh-loo-PEES-thai
Translations: to have been grieved, to have been distressed, to have been sorrowed
Notes: This word is the perfect passive infinitive form of the verb 'λυπέω' (lypeō), meaning 'to grieve' or 'to distress'. As a perfect passive infinitive, it describes an action that has been completed in the past and whose subject has experienced the action. It is used to express the state of having been caused sorrow or distress.
Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΠΕΝΘΕΩ, ΟΔΥΡΟΜΑΙ, ΣΤΕΝΑΖΩ
Etymology: The word λυπέω (lypeō) comes from λύπη (lypē), meaning 'grief' or 'pain'.
G3381
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: may-deh-POH-teh
Translations: never, at no time
Notes: This word is a compound adverb meaning 'never' or 'at no time'. It is used to express a strong negation, indicating that something will not happen at any point in time. It combines the negative particle 'μηδέ' (not even, nor) with the indefinite adverb 'ποτε' (at some time, ever).
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΠΟΤΕ, ΟΥΔΕΠΩ
Etymology: ΜΗΔΕΠΟΤΕ is a compound word formed from the negative particle μηδέ (mēde), meaning 'not even' or 'nor', and the indefinite adverb ποτε (pote), meaning 'at some time' or 'ever'.
G3367
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: MAY-den
Translations: nothing, no one, none, not even one
Notes: This word is a negative indefinite pronoun or adjective, meaning 'nothing' or 'no one'. It is the neuter form of the word 'ΜΗΔΕΙΣ'. It is used to express absolute negation, particularly in contexts involving prohibitions, commands, or with subjunctive and optative moods, indicating that something should not happen or does not exist under certain conditions. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'do nothing' or 'let nothing happen'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Vocative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΝ
Etymology: The word ΜΗΔΕΙΣ is a compound word formed from the negative particle ΜΗ (meaning 'not') and the numeral ΕΙΣ (meaning 'one'). It literally means 'not even one'.
G5259
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix
Sounds like: HOOP
Translations: under, by, with, from, at, through, in, of
Notes: This word is a common Greek preposition and prefix. As a preposition, it typically means 'under' or 'below', but its meaning can vary significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the accusative case, it can indicate motion towards a place ('under', 'to'). As a prefix, it means 'under', 'below', 'less than', or 'secretly', as seen in compound words like 'υποκάτω' (underneath). The form 'ΥΠ' is a common truncation of 'ΥΠΟ' when it acts as a prefix, especially before a vowel, or as part of a compound word.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or prefix)
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑ, ΕΠΙ
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-MOO
Translations: (of) me, my
Notes: This is the genitive case of the first-person singular pronoun 'I'. It indicates possession or origin, functioning similarly to 'of me' or 'my' in English. It is used to show that something belongs to the speaker or comes from the speaker.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, First Person
Synonyms: ΜΟΥ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is the first-person singular pronoun, indicating the speaker.
G3326
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: MEH-tah
Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides
Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TOO-toh
Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that
Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.
G1417
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: DEE-oh
Translations: two
Notes: This word is a cardinal numeral meaning 'two'. It is used to indicate a quantity of two of something. It is indeclinable, meaning its form does not change regardless of gender, case, or number.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is cognate with English 'two'.
G1992
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ep-is-toh-LOHN
Translations: of letters, of epistles, of messages
Notes: This word refers to written communications, such as letters, epistles, or messages. It is a compound word, formed from 'epi' (upon, to) and 'stellō' (to send), literally meaning 'that which is sent upon or to someone'. It is commonly used in the plural to refer to a collection of letters or correspondence.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΩΝ, ΒΙΒΛΙΩΝ
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Part of Speech: Unknown
Sounds like: AHS
Translations: unknown
Notes: The word "ΑΣ" is not a recognized word in Koine Greek. It is highly likely a misspelling or a fragment of a larger word. It could potentially be a typo for a word like "ΩΣ" (as, like), or part of a compound word where the rest has been omitted. Without further context or correction, its meaning is unclear.
Inflection: Unknown
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection
Sounds like: OY
Translations: the, who, they, oh
Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.
Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.
G2525
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: kah-tah-stah-THEN-tes
Translations: appointed, established, placed, set, made, constituted
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'kathistēmi', meaning 'to appoint, establish, or place'. It describes someone or something that has been appointed, established, or set in a particular position or role. It is often used to refer to individuals who have been put in charge or given authority.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Masculine, Nominative, Plural
Synonyms: ΤΕΤΑΓΜΕΝΟΙ, ΚΑΘΙΣΤΑΜΕΝΟΙ, ΔΙΟΡΙΣΘΕΝΤΕΣ
G5432
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PHROO-roy
Translations: guards, sentinels, watchmen
Notes: This word refers to individuals who are stationed to protect or watch over something or someone. It is used to describe those who stand guard, such as soldiers or watchmen, often in a defensive capacity for cities or places.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΦΥΛΑΚΕΣ, ΤΗΡΗΤΕΣ
G3992
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: pem-FTHAY-sas
Translations: having been sent, sent
Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle derived from the verb 'ΠΕΜΠΩ' (pempō), meaning 'to send'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred and was done to the subject. In this form, it specifically indicates that something 'having been sent' or 'sent'. It describes the state or result of being dispatched.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Feminine, Genitive, Plural
Synonyms: ΑΠΕΣΤΑΛΜΕΝΑΣ, ΕΞΑΠΕΣΤΑΛΜΕΝΑΣ
G5259
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: hoo-POH
Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: the
Notes: This word is the masculine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a particular masculine noun that is the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'he saw the man' or 'towards the God'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed to function as a marker of definiteness in Greek.
G2493
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ee-oh-na-THAN
Translations: Jonathan
Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to the Hebrew name Jonathan. It is a common biblical name, notably the son of King Saul and a close friend of David. In this form, it is in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: The name Jonathan is of Hebrew origin, derived from the Hebrew name Yehonatan (יְהוֹנָתָן), meaning 'Yahweh has given' or 'gift of God'. It combines the divine name Yahweh (יהוה) with the verb 'natan' (נתן), meaning 'to give'.
G0138
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: eh-LON-tes
Translations: having taken, taking, choosing, having chosen, seizing, having seized
Notes: ΕΛΟΝΤΕΣ is the aorist active participle of the verb ΑΙΡΕΩ (haireō), meaning 'to take,' 'to choose,' or 'to seize.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective while retaining verbal qualities, often indicating an action that occurred prior to or concurrently with the main verb. It can be translated as 'having taken' or 'taking' depending on context, and it agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun or pronoun it modifies.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΚΡΑΤΕΩ, ΣΥΛΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ
G649
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-pes-TAL-kee-san
Translations: they had sent, they had dispatched, they had commissioned
Notes: This word is the third person plural pluperfect active indicative form of the verb ἀποστέλλω (apostellō), meaning 'to send away, to dispatch, to commission'. The pluperfect tense indicates an action completed in the past before another past action. It describes a state resulting from a past action, emphasizing that the sending had already occurred.
Inflection: Pluperfect, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΕΜΠΩ, ΕΞΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ
Etymology: The word ἀποστέλλω is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb στέλλω (stellō), meaning 'to send' or 'to prepare'.
G4314
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PROSS
Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to
Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).
Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.
G1691
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-MEH
Translations: me
Notes: This word is the accusative singular form of the first-person pronoun, meaning 'me'. It is used as the direct object of a verb or after certain prepositions that take the accusative case, indicating the recipient of an action or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, First Person
G3899
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pa-ra-ne-GI-noh-skon
Translations: they were reading aloud, they were reading, to read aloud, to read
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from 'παρά' (para, meaning 'beside' or 'alongside') and 'ἀναγινώσκω' (anaginōskō, meaning 'to read' or 'to recognize'). The combined meaning is 'to read aloud' or 'to read publicly'. It describes the action of reading something, often in a context where others are listening or present. For example, it could be used to describe someone reading a letter or a scroll to an audience.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toys
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: ΤΟΙΣ is the dative plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, but specifically indicates the indirect object or the recipient of an action, or location/instrument when used with a dative noun. It can be used with masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns in the plural.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into the definite article in Greek.
G1056
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: gah-lee-LAH-oyce
Translations: to Galileans, for Galileans, with Galileans, by Galileans
Notes: This word refers to people from Galilee, a region in northern ancient Israel. It is used to indicate that something is given to, for, with, or by Galileans, depending on the context of the sentence.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine
G4183
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pol-LOHN
Translations: of many, of much
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'πολύς' (polys), meaning 'many' or 'much'. It is used to describe a large quantity or number of something. As a genitive form, it often indicates possession, origin, or the object of certain prepositions, translating to 'of many' or 'of much' depending on the context.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
Synonyms: ΠΛΕΙΩΝ, ΙΚΑΝΟΣ
G0988
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: blas-fay-MEE-ohn
Translations: of blasphemies, of slanders, of revilings
Notes: This word refers to impious speech, especially against God or sacred things. It can also mean slander or reviling speech directed towards people. It is used to describe words that are disrespectful, abusive, or defamatory.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΛΟΓΙΑ, ΥΒΡΙΣ
G4134
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PLAY-rays
Translations: full, filled, complete
Notes: This word describes something that is full, complete, or filled with something. It indicates a state of abundance or being entirely occupied. It can be used to describe people, objects, or even abstract concepts as being 'full of' a particular quality or substance.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΓΕΜΩΝ, ΜΕΣΤΟΣ
G2680
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Part of Speech: Participle, Verb
Sounds like: kah-tah-psef-doh-MEH-nahs
Translations: falsely accusing, slandering, lying against
Notes: This word is a compound participle, formed from the prefix κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb ψεύδομαι (pseudomai), meaning 'to lie' or 'to deceive'. Together, it means to lie against someone, to accuse falsely, or to slander. It describes an action of speaking untruths with the intent to harm or defame another.
Inflection: Accusative, Feminine, Plural, Present, Middle or Passive Voice, Participle
Synonyms: ΔΙΑΒΑΛΛΩ, ΣΥΚΟΦΑΝΤΕΩ
G3754
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OH-tee
Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which
Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ
Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.
G5177
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: too-ran-NEE-dee
Translations: to tyranny, to a tyranny, to despotic rule, to absolute power
Notes: This word refers to a form of government characterized by the absolute rule of a single person, often implying oppressive or cruel use of power. It can also refer to the state or condition of being under such rule. In this dative form, it indicates the indirect object of an action, meaning 'to' or 'for' tyranny.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΣΤΕΙΑ, ΑΥΘΕΝΤΙΑ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑ
G3123
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: MAHL-lon
Translations: more, rather, much more, especially
Notes: This word is a comparative adverb meaning 'more' or 'rather'. It is used to indicate a preference, a greater degree, or an intensification of something. It often appears in contexts where a comparison is being made, suggesting that one thing is true to a greater extent than another, or that one action is preferred over another. For example, it can mean 'more' in terms of quantity or intensity, or 'rather' when expressing a choice or preference.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΛΕΟΝ, ΜΑΛΙΣΤΑ
Etymology: ΜΑΛΛΟΝ is a comparative adverb derived from an obsolete positive form related to the concept of 'much' or 'very'. It functions as the comparative degree of this implied positive.
G2228, G3588
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Definite Article, Numeral
Sounds like: AY
Translations: or, the, 8
Notes: This word can function as a conjunction meaning 'or', indicating an alternative or choice between two or more options. It can also be the feminine nominative singular form of the definite article 'the', used to specify a feminine noun that is the subject of a sentence. The '̓' (coronis) indicates that this form is an elision, meaning it's a shortened form of a word like ἤ (e.g., when followed by a vowel). Additionally, the '̓' could be a keraia, indicating the numeral 8.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as conjunction or numeral); Singular, Nominative, Feminine (as definite article)
Etymology: The conjunction ἤ (e.g., from which Ἠ is an elision) is of uncertain origin. The definite article ἡ (from which Ἠ is an elision) comes from Proto-Indo-European. The numeral meaning is derived from the Greek letter eta (Η), which was used to represent the number 8.
G4755
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: strah-tay-GHEE-ah
Translations: strategy, generalship, military command, office of a general, a strategy
Notes: This word refers to the office, rank, or function of a military general (strategos). It can also denote the art or science of military command, or a specific plan or maneuver used in warfare or leadership. It describes the overall direction and planning of military operations or, more broadly, any large-scale plan to achieve a goal.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΡΧΗ, ΗΓΕΜΟΝΙΑ
Etymology: The word ΣΤΡΑΤΗΓΙΑ is derived from the Greek word ΣΤΡΑΤΗΓΟΣ (strategos), meaning 'general' or 'commander'. This, in turn, comes from ΣΤΡΑΤΟΣ (stratos), meaning 'army', and ΑΓΩ (ago), meaning 'to lead'.
G5530
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: KHROH-mahee
Translations: use, make use of, employ, deal with, treat
Notes: This verb means to use, make use of, or employ something. It is a deponent verb, meaning it appears in the middle or passive voice but has an active meaning. It often takes an object in the dative case, indicating what is being used or dealt with.
Inflection: First person singular, Present, Middle/Passive, Indicative
Synonyms: ἘΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΚΕΧΡΗΜΑΙ
Etymology: The word χράομαι comes from an older Greek verb meaning 'to need' or 'to desire', which evolved to mean 'to use' or 'to employ'.
G2596
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Part of Speech: Prefix, Preposition
Sounds like: KAT
Translations: down, against, according to, throughout, during
Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down', 'against', 'according to', 'throughout', or 'during'. It is frequently used as a prefix in compound verbs and nouns, indicating a downward motion, completion, intensity, or opposition. For example, in 'κατέβη' (katebē), it means 'went down', and in 'καταπιεῖν' (katapiein), it means 'to swallow down'. The final alpha (α) is often dropped when the next word or part of the compound begins with a vowel, or when it's followed by certain consonants.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix); functions as a preposition that takes the genitive or accusative case.
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmt- 'down, with, against'. It is a common Greek preposition that has been used since ancient times.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: of them, their, of themselves
Notes: This word is a pronoun indicating possession or relation, specifically for a group of people or things. It is used to mean 'of them' or 'their', often referring back to a previously mentioned plural noun or pronoun.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, All genders
G2087
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: EH-teh-rah
Translations: other, another, a different, a different one
Notes: This word means 'other' or 'another', emphasizing a qualitative difference, meaning 'different in kind'. It is used to distinguish one thing from another that is distinct or dissimilar. For example, 'another kind of person' or 'a different way'.
Inflection: Feminine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΑΛΛΟΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *sm̥-tero- (other of two), from *sem- (one, together).
G5037
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle
Sounds like: TEH
Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.
G4183
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb
Sounds like: POL-lah
Translations: much, many, great, abundant, often, greatly, many things
Notes: This word is an inflection of the adjective 'ΠΟΛΥΣ' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many'. As an adjective, 'ΠΟΛΛΑ' typically functions as the neuter plural nominative or accusative, meaning 'many things' or 'much'. It can also function as an adverb, meaning 'often' or 'greatly'. It is used to indicate a large quantity or frequency.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative (of the adjective ΠΟΛΥΣ); or Adverb
Synonyms: ΠΛΕΙΩΝ, ΙΚΑΝΟΣ
G5124
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TOO-toys
Translations: (to) these, (for) these, (with) these, (by) these
Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective meaning 'this' or 'that'. It points to something specific, indicating 'these things' or 'these people'. As a dative case, it often indicates the indirect object of a verb, the recipient of an action, or the means/instrument by which something is done. It can be translated as 'to these', 'for these', 'with these', or 'by these', depending on the context.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
Synonyms: ΟΥ͂ΤΟΙ, ἘΚΕΊΝΟΙΣ
G1459
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-neh-geh-GRAHP-toh
Translations: it had been written in, it had been inscribed, it had been recorded
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'ἐν' (in/on) and the verb 'γράφω' (to write). It means 'to write in' or 'to inscribe'. The form 'ἐνεγεγράφτο' indicates that something had been written or inscribed in the past, and the action was completed before another past event. It is used to describe a state of having been written or recorded.
Inflection: Pluperfect, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΓΡΑΦΩ, ΕΠΙΓΡΑΦΩ
Etymology: The word 'ἐγγράφω' is derived from the prefix 'ἐν-' (meaning 'in' or 'on') and the verb 'γράφω' (meaning 'to write'). The combination signifies the action of writing something into or onto a surface or record.
G3888
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: pa-ra-li-PON-ton
Translations: of those leaving out, of those omitting, of those neglecting, of those passing over
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'paraleipō', meaning 'to leave out', 'to omit', 'to neglect', or 'to pass over'. It is a compound word formed from 'para' (beside, by) and 'leipō' (to leave). It describes an action of omission or neglect, often implying that something was intentionally or unintentionally left unmentioned or undone. As a genitive plural, it refers to 'those who are leaving out' or 'those who are omitting'.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΦΙΕΝΤΩΝ, ΕΚΛΕΙΠΟΝΤΩΝ
G0368
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-na-EES-khoo-toos
Translations: shameless, impudent, a shameless, an impudent
Notes: This word describes someone or something that is without shame, impudent, or brazen. It implies a lack of modesty or respect, often in a negative sense. It is used to characterize actions or individuals who act boldly or audaciously without regard for propriety.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΝΕΠΙΣΧΥΝΤΟΣ, ΑΝΕΠΙΣΧΥΝΤΩΣ
Etymology: The word ἈΝΑΊΣΧΥΝΤΟΣ (ANAISCHYNTOS) is a compound word formed from the negative prefix ἀν- (an-), meaning 'not' or 'without', and αἰσχύνω (aischynō), meaning 'to shame' or 'to disgrace'. Thus, it literally means 'without shame'.
G5579
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pseh-doo-loh-gee-AS
Translations: of falsehood, of lying, of deceit, of false speaking
Notes: This word is a compound noun, formed from 'ψεῦδος' (pseudos), meaning 'falsehood' or 'lie', and 'λογία' (logia), meaning 'speaking' or 'discourse'. It refers to the act or practice of speaking falsely, lying, or fabricating untruths. It describes a state or habit of dishonesty in speech.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΨΕΥΔΟΣ, ΑΠΑΤΗ, ΔΟΛΟΣ
G5346
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-FAYN
Translations: I said, he said, she said, it said
Notes: This is the first aorist active indicative form of the verb 'φημί' (phēmi), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to report what someone said in the past, often translated as 'I said' or 'he/she/it said' depending on the context. It can refer to a specific utterance or a general statement made previously.
Inflection: First Aorist, Active, Indicative, Singular, First or Third Person
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΕΙΠΩΝ, ΛΑΛΕΩ
Etymology: The verb φημί (phēmi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeh₂- meaning 'to speak, tell, say'. It is related to Latin fari ('to speak') and English 'ban' (in the sense of proclamation).
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-GOH
Translations: I, me
Notes: ἘΓΩ is the first-person singular personal pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning "I" or "me." It refers to the speaker and functions primarily as the subject of a sentence. While the first-person singular verb ending often makes the pronoun redundant, ἘΓΩ is frequently used for emphasis, similar to saying "I myself" or "even I" in English. It can also be used to clarify the subject when multiple individuals are involved.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Nominative
Etymology: This word is an ancient pronoun, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has cognates in many Indo-European languages, reflecting a shared linguistic heritage.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G4128
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PLAY-thoss
Translations: multitude, a multitude, crowd, a crowd, great number, abundance, a great number
Notes: This word refers to a large number or quantity of people or things. It can be used to describe a crowd of people, a large amount of something, or a general abundance. For example, it might refer to a large gathering of disciples or a great quantity of fish.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΧΛΟΣ, ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΑΓΕΛΗ
Etymology: From the Greek root *pleth-* meaning 'to be full' or 'to fill'. It is related to words indicating fullness or abundance.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.
G1121
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: GRAHM-mah-tah
Translations: letters, writings, documents, sacred writings, literature, learning
Notes: This word refers to written characters, letters of the alphabet, or more broadly, writings, documents, or even literature and learning. In some contexts, it can specifically refer to the sacred writings or scriptures. It is used to describe written communication or knowledge acquired through writing.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΒΙΒΛΙΑ, ΛΟΓΙΑ, ΓΡΑΦΑΙ
G2983
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: lah-BANE
Translations: to take, to receive, to get, to seize, to grasp, to obtain
Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. As an infinitive, it functions like the English 'to take' or 'to receive', indicating the action itself without specifying a subject or tense, often used after other verbs or prepositions. It can refer to physically taking something, receiving a gift or information, or grasping a concept.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ, ΑΙΡΕΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *slegh- ('to seize, to take'). In Greek, it developed into 'λαμβάνω', meaning 'to take, to grasp, to receive'.
G3599, G1325
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Part of Speech: Noun, Participle
Sounds like: don-TON
Translations: of teeth, of those giving, of givers
Notes: This word can have two distinct meanings depending on its context. It can be the genitive plural of 'ὀδούς' (tooth), referring to 'of teeth' or 'belonging to teeth'. Alternatively, it can be the genitive plural masculine or neuter present active participle of 'δίδωμι' (to give), meaning 'of those who are giving' or 'of givers'. The specific meaning is determined by the surrounding words in a sentence.
Inflection: Noun: Plural, Genitive, Masculine. Participle: Present Active, Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter.
Synonyms: ΟΔΟΝΤΕΣ, ΔΙΔΟΝΤΕΣ
G1635
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: eh-koo-SEE-ohs
Translations: voluntarily, willingly, of one's own accord, freely
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning "voluntarily" or "willingly." It describes an action that is done by choice, without compulsion or external force. It emphasizes the free will and intention behind an action. For example, one might "willingly" offer help or "voluntarily" undertake a task.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΘΕΛΟΝΤΩΣ, ΑΥΤΟΜΑΤΩΣ, ΠΡΟΘΥΜΩΣ
G2892
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: koh-MI-zon-tohn
Translations: of those carrying, of those bringing, of those receiving, of those recovering
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'κομίζω' (komizō), meaning 'to carry,' 'to bring,' 'to receive,' or 'to recover.' In this form, it describes the action of 'carrying,' 'bringing,' 'receiving,' or 'recovering' and functions as a genitive plural, indicating possession or origin from a group of people performing this action. For example, it could refer to 'the things belonging to those who are carrying' or 'from those who are bringing.'
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Present Active Participle
Synonyms: ΦΕΡΟΝΤΩΝ, ΑΓΟΝΤΩΝ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΟΝΤΩΝ
Etymology: The word κομίζω (komizō) is derived from the Greek word κομέω (komeō), meaning 'to take care of, attend to.' Over time, its meaning evolved to include 'to carry' or 'to bring,' especially in the sense of bringing something to safety or receiving something.
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OO
Translations: not, no
Notes: ΟΥ̓ is a negative particle used to express a factual negation. It typically negates verbs in the indicative mood, stating that something is not true or does not happen. It can also negate other parts of speech. When combined with ΜΉ (ou mē), it forms a very strong negation, meaning "by no means" or "never."
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ, ΟΥ̓Κ, ΟΥ̓ΧΊ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a fundamental negative particle in Greek.
G1063
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: gar
Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.
G1014
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-boo-LOH-men
Translations: I wished, I wanted, I desired, I purposed, I intended
Notes: This word is a verb indicating a desire, wish, or intention. It describes a state of wanting or purposing something, often implying a deliberate choice or a strong inclination. It is used to express what someone was wishing or intending to do.
Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle Voice, 1st Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΘΕΛΩ, ΕΠΙΘΥΜΩ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOOS
Translations: them, themselves, these, those
Notes: This word is the masculine accusative plural form of the pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos). It is used to refer to a group of male or mixed-gender individuals as the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition. It can mean 'them' or, when used emphatically, 'themselves'.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
G5432
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: phroo-RAS
Translations: of a guard, of a garrison, of a watch, of a prison, guard, garrison, watch, prison
Notes: This word refers to a guard, a garrison, a watch, or a prison. It can denote a body of soldiers stationed to guard a place, the act of guarding, or the place where one is guarded or confined. It is used to describe protection or custody.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΤΗΡΗΣΙΣ, ΦΥΛΑΚΗ
Etymology: From φρουρός (phrouros, "a guard"), which is from προ- (pro-, "before") and ὁράω (horaō, "to see"). Thus, literally "one who sees before" or "one who watches over."
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOOS
Translations: the, them, those
Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).
G1727
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: eh-NAN-tee-oos
Translations: enemies, adversaries, opponents, those who are opposite
Notes: This word describes something or someone that is opposite, hostile, or an adversary. It is used to refer to people who are in opposition or are enemies. In this form, it functions as a substantive, meaning "the enemies" or "the adversaries."
Inflection: Accusative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΕΧΘΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙΚΕΙΜΕΝΟΣ
G1492
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EYE-deh-nye
Translations: to know, to understand, to perceive
Notes: This is the perfect active infinitive form of the verb ΟἾΔΑ, meaning 'to know' or 'to understand'. It is used to express the act of knowing or having knowledge about something. For example, it can be used in constructions like 'I want to know' or 'it is good to know'.
Inflection: Perfect Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΕΠΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ
Etymology: The root verb ΟἾΔΑ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to see' or 'to know'. In Greek, it evolved to primarily mean 'to know' through observation or experience, often implying a state of knowing rather than the process of learning.
G3361
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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb
Sounds like: MAY
Translations: not, lest, no, do not
Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.
G1167
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: DAY-san-tes
Translations: fearing, having feared, being afraid, having been afraid
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning "having feared" or "being afraid." It describes an action that happened in the past and resulted in a state of fear. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, and can be translated as a clause (e.g., "those who feared" or "when they feared"). It is often used to describe the state of someone who has experienced fear.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Plural, Nominative
Synonyms: ΦΟΒΗΘΕΝΤΕΣ, ΕΚΦΟΒΟΙ
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G1125
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: grah-FEIN
Translations: to write, to draw, to engrave, to record
Notes: This is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'graphō'. It means 'to write' or 'to draw'. It can be used in various contexts, such as writing letters, recording events, or even drawing pictures. It often implies the act of producing text or images on a surface.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΕΓΓΡΑΦΩ, ΑΝΑΓΡΑΦΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΡΑΦΩ
G0646
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-pos-TOH-sin
Translations: apostasy, rebellion, revolt, defection
Notes: This word refers to a falling away, a defection, or a rebellion from a previous state, belief, or allegiance. It describes the act of abandoning one's principles, faith, or loyalty. It can be used in contexts of political revolt or religious backsliding.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΤΑΣΙΣ, ΑΦΙΣΤΗΜΙ
Etymology: The word ἀποστασία (apostasia) comes from the verb ἀφίστημι (aphistēmi), meaning 'to stand off from' or 'to withdraw'. It is formed from ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from', and στάσις (stasis), meaning 'a standing'.
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