The Life of Flavius Josephus Chapter 55, Interlinear version from Life of Flavius Josephus, The (Beta)

Notes: ἘΓΩ is the first-person singular personal pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning "I" or "me." It refers to the speaker and functions primarily as the subject of a sentence. While the first-person singular verb ending often makes the pronoun redundant, ἘΓΩ is frequently used for emphasis, similar to saying "I myself" or "even I" in English. It can also be used to clarify the subject when multiple individuals are involved.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Nominative

Etymology: This word is an ancient pronoun, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has cognates in many Indo-European languages, reflecting a shared linguistic heritage.

G1161

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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G2539

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: KAI-per

Translations: although, though, even though, even if, notwithstanding

Notes: This word is a compound particle used to introduce a concessive clause, meaning 'although' or 'even though'. It indicates that something is true despite a contrary condition or circumstance. It often appears with a participle, expressing a concession.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΙ ΚΑΙ, ΚΑΙ

Etymology: ΚΑΙΠΕΡ is a compound word formed from the conjunction ΚΑΙ (kai), meaning 'and' or 'even', and the particle ΠΕΡ (per), which is an intensive particle. Together, they form a strong concessive meaning.

G1492

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ay-DOHS

Translations: knowing, one who knows, he who knows

Notes: This word is a perfect active participle derived from the verb 'to know'. It describes someone who is in a state of knowing or has knowledge. It can function like an adjective, modifying a noun, or substantively, acting as a noun itself (e.g., 'the one who knows').

Inflection: Perfect Active Participle, Singular, Masculine, Nominative

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩΝ, ἘΠΙΣΤΑΜΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: The verb οἶδα (oida) is an ancient Greek verb meaning 'to know'. It is a perfect tense form that functions as a present tense in meaning, indicating a state of knowing resulting from a past act of seeing or perceiving. It is related to the Proto-Indo-European root *weid-, meaning 'to see, to know'.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G1771

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: en-THOO-mee-mah

Translations: thought, a thought, reflection, a reflection, consideration, a consideration, device, a device, purpose, a purpose

Notes: This word refers to an inward thought, reflection, or consideration. It can also denote a device, purpose, or design that originates in the mind. It is used to describe mental processes or the results of such processes.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative (ἘΝΘΥΜΗΜΑ), Genitive (ἘΝΘΥΜΗΜΑΤΟΣ)

Synonyms: ΕΝΝΟΙΑ, ΛΟΓΙΣΜΟΣ, ΔΙΑΝΟΙΑ

Etymology: From the verb ἐνθυμέομαι (enthymeomai), meaning 'to consider, ponder', which is derived from ἐν (en, 'in') and θυμός (thymos, 'soul, spirit, mind'). It literally means 'that which is in the mind or soul'.

G3676

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Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: OH-mohs

Translations: nevertheless, however, yet, still, but, even so

Notes: This word is an adverb used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or qualifies what has just been said. It indicates a concession or a continuation despite a preceding condition, similar to 'nevertheless' or 'however' in English. It can be used to emphasize that something is true despite an obstacle or contrary fact.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΛΗΝ, ΑΛΛΑ, ΚΑΙΤΟΙ

Etymology: From the Greek prefix ὁμο- (homo-), meaning 'same' or 'alike', combined with the suffix -ως (-ōs), which forms adverbs. It originally conveyed the idea of 'in the same way' or 'equally', evolving to mean 'nevertheless' or 'however' in a concessive sense.

G5219

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-pee-KOO-sah

Translations: I obeyed, I listened, I hearkened

Notes: This word means 'to obey' or 'to listen attentively to'. It is a compound word formed from 'ὑπό' (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'in submission to', and 'ἀκούω' (akouō), meaning 'to hear' or 'to listen'. Thus, it literally means 'to hear under' or 'to listen in submission'. It is used to describe the act of complying with commands, instructions, or authority.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΠΕΙΘΑΡΧΕΩ, ΕΠΑΚΟΥΩ

Etymology: The word Ὑπακούω is a compound of the preposition ὑπό (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'in submission to', and the verb ἀκούω (akouō), meaning 'to hear' or 'to listen'. It signifies hearing in a way that implies submission or obedience.

G3361

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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G3930

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pah-RAS-khoh

Translations: I may provide, I may grant, I may furnish, I may give, I may offer

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition παρά (para, "beside, from") and the verb ἔχω (echō, "to have, to hold"). It means to provide, grant, furnish, or give something, often with the sense of presenting it from oneself or from one's side. It is used in contexts where one is offering or making something available.

Inflection: First person singular, Aorist Active Subjunctive

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΧΟΡΗΓΕΩ, ΠΡΟΣΦΕΡΩ

G4306

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: proh-noh-OO-meh-nos

Translations: providing for, taking thought for, foreseeing, considering beforehand

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'pronoéō', meaning 'to foresee' or 'to provide for'. As a participle, it describes an ongoing action and functions like an adjective or adverb in a sentence. It indicates someone or something that is actively engaged in foreseeing, planning, or making provisions for something.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Masculine or Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΒΛΕΠΟΜΕΝΟΣ, ΦΡΟΝΤΙΖΟΜΕΝΟΣ

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G1831

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ex-EHL-thon

Translations: they went out, they came out, they departed, they went forth, they came forth

Notes: This word is the third person plural, aorist indicative active form of the verb "exerchomai," meaning "to go out" or "to come out." It describes an action of moving from an inside location to an outside one, or departing from a place. It can refer to people, animals, or even abstract concepts like spirits or words emerging.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΕΚΒΑΙΝΩ, ΕΚΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ (exerchomai) is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΕΚ (ek), meaning "out of" or "from," and the verb ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ (erchomai), meaning "to come" or "to go." Thus, its etymological meaning is literally "to come/go out from."

G3767

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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OON

Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.

G2532

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G1096

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: geh-NO-meh-nos

Translations: having become, being, happened, arisen, a having become, a being

Notes: This word is an aorist middle participle of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become', 'to happen', or 'to come into being'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred or is completed in relation to the main verb of the sentence. It can be translated as 'having become', 'being', or 'when he/it became'. It often indicates a state or condition resulting from a past action.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΕΓΕΝΗΘΗ

G2596

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

G5613

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G3761

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: OOD

Translations: not, no, nor, neither, not even

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It is often used in combination with other negative words to strengthen the negation, such as in the phrase "οὐ μή" (ou mē), which conveys a strong, emphatic negation, often translated as "never" or "by no means." It can also function as a conjunction meaning "nor" or "neither," connecting two negative clauses or ideas.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΜΗ

Etymology: From the negative particle οὐ (ou) and the particle δέ (de), meaning 'but' or 'and'. It emphasizes the negation.

G2487

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: IKH-nos

Translations: footprint, a footprint, track, a track, trace, a trace, vestige, a vestige

Notes: This word refers to a footprint, track, or trace left behind by something or someone. It can be used to describe the physical mark left by a foot, or more broadly, any sign or vestige that indicates the past presence or passage of something. For example, one might speak of finding the tracks of an animal or the faint traces of an ancient civilization.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΤΡΟΠΟΣ, ΒΗΜΑ, ΣΗΜΕΙΟΝ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the Proto-Indo-European root *sekʷ- meaning 'to follow'.

G5290

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-pos-TREH-foh

Translations: return, turn back, go back, come back

Notes: This verb means to return, turn back, or go back. It is often used to describe someone physically returning to a place or a previous state. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ΥΠΟ (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'back', and the verb ΣΤΡΕΦΩ (strephō), meaning 'to turn'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΚΑΜΠΤΩ, ΕΠΙΣΤΡΕΦΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ὑποστρέφω (hupostréphō), a compound of ὑπό (hupó, “under, back”) and στρέφω (stréphō, “to turn”).

G2638

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-lam-BAH-noh

Translations: to overtake, to seize, to lay hold of, to apprehend, to comprehend, to grasp, to attain, to find

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (down, against) and the verb ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ (to take, seize). It generally means to take hold of something, often implying an act of seizing, apprehending, or catching up to. It can be used in various contexts, such as physically overtaking someone, mentally comprehending a concept, or achieving a goal. Its meaning can shift slightly depending on the context and the object it takes.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, First Person Singular (or Infinitive)

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

Etymology: From the prefix ΚΑΤΑ- (down, against) and the verb ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ (to take, seize).

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G5037

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle

Sounds like: TEH

Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.

G1012

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: BOO-layn

Translations: counsel, a counsel, plan, a plan, purpose, a purpose, will, a will

Notes: This word refers to a counsel, plan, or purpose, often implying a deliberate decision or intention. It can be used to describe human plans or, frequently in the New Testament, the divine will or purpose of God. It is used in sentences to indicate the object of an action, such as 'to know the counsel' or 'to understand the plan'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΓΝΩΜΗ, ΣΥΜΒΟΥΛΙΑ, ΠΡΟΘΕΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΒΟΥΛΗ (boulē) comes from the verb βούλομαι (boulomai), meaning 'to will, to wish, to intend'. It refers to the act or result of willing or planning.

G4905

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: soon-eh-lay-LOO-thee-an

Translations: having come together, assembled, a woman who has come together

Notes: This word is a perfect active participle, meaning 'having come together' or 'having assembled'. It describes a state of having gathered or convened. It is a compound word formed from 'σύν' (together with) and 'ἔρχομαι' (to come). It is used to describe someone or something that has already gathered or assembled.

Inflection: Perfect Active Participle, Singular, Feminine, Accusative

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΓΩ, ΣΥΝΕΛΘΩΝ

G1218

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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: dee-mo-tee-KON

Translations: common, popular, democratic, of the people, the common people, the populace, a common thing

Notes: This word describes something that pertains to the common people or the populace. As an adjective, it means 'common,' 'popular,' or 'democratic.' When used as a substantive (often with the article 'το'), it refers to 'the common people' or 'the populace' as a collective body. It can also refer to a 'common thing' or 'public matter.'

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΛΑΟΣ, ΠΛΗΘΟΣ, ΟΧΛΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'ΔΗΜΟΤΙΚΟΝ' is derived from the Koine Greek word 'ΔΗΜΟΣ' (demos), meaning 'people' or 'district.' It relates to the concept of the 'demos' as the body of citizens.

G3793

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: OKH-lon

Translations: crowd, a crowd, multitude, a multitude, throng, a throng

Notes: This word refers to a large gathering of people, a crowd, or a multitude. It can also denote a throng or a mob. It is commonly used in the New Testament to describe the large groups of people who followed Jesus or gathered to hear him speak.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΠΛΗΘΟΣ, ΑΓΕΛΗ

Etymology: The origin of the word is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to a word meaning 'to disturb' or 'to trouble', perhaps referring to the commotion a crowd can cause.

G4160

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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: poy-oo-MEH-noos

Translations: making, doing, performing, producing, causing, creating

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'poieō', meaning 'to make' or 'to do'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective while retaining verbal qualities, describing someone or something that is in the act of making, doing, or performing. It is often used to describe an ongoing action or state.

Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Accusative, Present, Middle/Passive

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΟΝΤΑΣ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΕΝΟΥΣ, ΤΕΛΟΥΝΤΑΣ

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G4012

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

G2493

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Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-oh-na-THAN

Translations: Jonathan

Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to the Hebrew name Jonathan. It is a common biblical name, notably the son of King Saul and a close friend of David. In this form, it is in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Jonathan is of Hebrew origin, derived from the Hebrew name Yehonatan (יְהוֹנָתָן), meaning 'Yahweh has given' or 'gift of God'. It combines the divine name Yahweh (יהוה) with the verb 'natan' (נתן), meaning 'to give'.

G3588, G3778

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G3303

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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN

Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however

Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-peh-lah-FROO-neen

Translations: to lighten, to make light, to alleviate, to relieve

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb ΕΠΕΛΑΦΡΥΝΩ. It means to make something lighter, either literally in weight or figuratively by alleviating a burden, pain, or difficulty. It can be used in sentences to describe the act of reducing the severity or weight of something.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Etymology: This word is a compound verb formed from the prefix ἐπι- (epi-, meaning 'upon' or 'in addition to') and the verb ἐλαφρύνω (elaphrynō, meaning 'to lighten' or 'to make light'). The verb ἐλαφρύνω itself comes from the adjective ἐλαφρός (elaphros), meaning 'light' (in weight).

G0846

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Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOYS

Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her

Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

G0272

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-meh-LOON-tos

Translations: of neglecting, of being careless, of not caring, of disregarding

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ἀμελέω', meaning to neglect, to be careless, or to disregard. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone or something that is in the act of neglecting or being careless. It can be translated as 'of one who neglects' or 'of a neglecting one', indicating possession or relationship.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Present, Active

Synonyms: ἈΠΕΛΕΓΧΟΝΤΟΣ, ἈΠΕΛΕΓΧΟΜΕΝΟΥ

G1722

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G1289

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: dee-ah-GON-tos

Translations: passing through, going through, living, spending, leading, carrying through

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'διάγω' (diagō), meaning 'to lead through,' 'to pass through,' 'to live,' or 'to spend time.' As a participle, it describes an action that is ongoing and can function adjectivally (describing a noun) or adverbially (modifying a verb). In this form, it indicates someone or something 'passing through' or 'living' in a particular way.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΔΙΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΔΙΑΤΡΙΒΩ, ΖΑΩ

G4393

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: proo-FEH-ron

Translations: bring forth, produce, present, offer, bring forward, put forward

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'forward,' and φέρω (pherō), meaning 'to bear' or 'to carry.' It means to bring something forth, produce it, or present it, often in a public or formal manner. It can refer to bringing out physical objects, or to presenting arguments, evidence, or words.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΚΦΕΡΩ, ΠΑΡΕΧΩ, ΔΕΙΧΝΥΜΙ

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G3344

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: meh-tho-REE-ah

Translations: border, boundary, a border, a boundary, frontier, region

Notes: This word refers to a border, boundary, or frontier, marking the limit of a territory or region. It is often used in a geographical sense to denote the dividing line between two areas, such as countries or provinces. It is a compound word formed from 'μετά' (meta), meaning 'with' or 'among', and 'ὅρος' (horos), meaning 'boundary' or 'limit'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΡΟΣ, ΟΡΙΑ, ΠΕΡΑΣ

Etymology: From the preposition 'μετά' (meta), meaning 'with' or 'among', and the noun 'ὅρος' (horos), meaning 'boundary' or 'limit'. It literally means 'that which is between boundaries'.

G4314

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G1909

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to

Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.

G2240

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: HE-kane

Translations: to have come, to be present, to arrive, to come, to be fitting, to pertain to

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive of the verb ἥκω. It describes the state of having arrived and being present, or the action of coming. It can also be used impersonally to mean 'it is fitting' or 'it pertains to' when followed by an infinitive.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΑΡΕΙΜΙ, ΦΘΑΝΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- 'to follow'. In Greek, it evolved to mean 'to have come' or 'to be present', implying a state of having followed a path to a destination.

G3870

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pah-rah-kah-LOON-tohn

Translations: (of) those who are calling alongside, (of) those who are entreating, (of) those who are comforting, (of) those who are exhorting, (of) those who are appealing

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'παρακαλέω' (parakaleō), which means to call alongside, to entreat, to comfort, to exhort, or to appeal. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action performed by a noun. In this genitive plural form, it refers to 'those who are performing the action of calling alongside, entreating, comforting, or exhorting'. The specific nuance depends on the context.

Inflection: Present, Active, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΔΕΟΜΕΝΩΝ, ΠΡΟΣΚΑΛΟΥΝΤΩΝ, ΣΥΜΠΑΡΑΚΑΛΟΥΝΤΩΝ

G1063

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Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G3195

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: MEL-line

Translations: to be about to, to intend to, to be destined to, to delay, to hesitate

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb μέλλω. It is commonly used with an infinitive to express an action that is imminent, intended, or destined to happen. It can also indicate a delay or hesitation in doing something. For example, it might be used to say 'he is about to go' or 'they intend to speak'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΘΕΛΩ, ΒΟΥΛΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *melh₂- 'to grind, crush'. The meaning evolved to 'to be about to' or 'to delay', possibly through the idea of 'grinding to a halt' or 'being on the verge of something'.

G1519

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G3027

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: leh-eh-lah-TEIN

Translations: to plunder, to pillage, to spoil, to carry off as spoil

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'λεηλατέω'. It describes the action of plundering, pillaging, or carrying off spoils, often in the context of war or conquest. It implies taking goods or property by force.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΣΚΥΛΕΥΩ, ΔΙΑΡΠΑΖΩ, ΠΡΟΝΟΜΕΥΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek, a compound word formed from 'λεία' (leia), meaning 'booty, spoil, prey', and 'ἐλαύνω' (elaunō), meaning 'to drive, to march'. Thus, it literally means 'to drive off booty'.

G4006

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-ree-of-THEE-nai

Translations: to be overlooked, to be neglected, to be disregarded, to be allowed to go unpunished, to be permitted, to be tolerated

Notes: This is an aorist passive infinitive form of the verb 'perioraō'. It means 'to be overlooked' or 'to be neglected', implying that something is allowed to happen without intervention, or that someone is disregarded. It can also mean 'to be permitted' or 'to be tolerated'. It is a compound word formed from the preposition 'peri' (around, concerning) and the verb 'horaō' (to see).

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΦΙΕΜΑΙ, ΕΑΩ, ΠΑΡΟΡΑΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ΠΕΡΙ (peri), meaning 'around' or 'concerning', and the verb ὉΡΑΩ (horaō), meaning 'to see'. The combination implies seeing around something, hence overlooking or disregarding.

G1189

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Part of Speech: Participle, Noun

Sounds like: deh-OH-meh-nohn

Translations: of those asking, of those begging, of those needing, of those praying, of those entreating, of those lacking

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'δεομαι', meaning 'to ask, beg, pray, or need'. As a genitive plural participle, it refers to 'those who are asking', 'those who are begging', 'those who are needing', or 'those who are praying'. It often functions substantively, meaning it acts like a noun, referring to a group of people in a state of asking or needing.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΙΤΟΥΝΤΩΝ, ΠΡΟΣΕΥΧΟΜΕΝΩΝ

G3778

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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TAWT

Translations: this, that, these, those

Notes: ΤΑΥΤ is an inflected form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective 'οὗτος' (houtos), meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something specific, either near in space or time, or recently mentioned. It can function as a pronoun, standing in for a noun, or as an adjective, modifying a noun. Its meaning can shift slightly depending on the gender, number, and case.

Inflection: Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural; or Feminine, Genitive, Singular

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G0227

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-lay-THAY

Translations: true, real, genuine, (the) true things, (the) real things

Notes: This word describes something as true, real, or genuine, as opposed to false, counterfeit, or imaginary. It can be used to describe people, statements, or concepts. For example, it can refer to a 'true man' or 'true justice'. It is an adjective that modifies nouns.

Inflection: Singular, Feminine, Nominative or Accusative; or Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ἈΛΗΘΙΝΟΣ, ΓΝΗΣΙΟΣ, ΕΤΥΜΟΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, 'un-') and λήθω (lēthō, 'to escape notice, be hidden'), meaning 'unhidden' or 'not concealed'.

G1380

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: dox-AN-tes

Translations: having seemed, having thought, having supposed, having appeared, those who thought, when they thought

Notes: This word is a masculine plural nominative aorist active participle of the verb δοκέω (dokeō). It describes an action completed in the past, often translated as 'having seemed' or 'having thought'. It can also function adverbially, indicating the reason or time for another action, such as 'because they thought' or 'when they thought'. It refers to the subjective impression or opinion of a group of people.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist Active Participle

Synonyms: ΝΟΜΙΣΑΝΤΕΣ, ΗΓΗΣΑΝΤΕΣ

G4160

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-POY-oo-NTO

Translations: they were making, they were doing, they were performing, they were producing

Notes: This word is a verb in the imperfect tense, middle or passive voice, and third person plural. It describes an action that was ongoing or repeated in the past, performed by a group of people. In the middle voice, it means 'they were making/doing for themselves' or 'they were causing to be made/done'. In the passive voice, it means 'they were being made/done'. The specific meaning depends on the context.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle or Passive, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ

G2521

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ka-the-ZESTH-ai

Translations: to sit down, to be seated, to reside, to encamp, to besiege

Notes: This word is an infinitive form of the verb meaning 'to sit down' or 'to be seated'. It can also be used in a military context to mean 'to encamp' or 'to besiege', implying a prolonged sitting or staying in one place. It is a compound word formed from the preposition κατά (kata, 'down') and the verb ἕζομαι (hezomai, 'to sit').

Inflection: Infinitive, Present or Aorist, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΚΑΘΗΜΑΙ, ΚΑΘΙΖΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΑΘΕΖΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΘΕΖΟΜΑΙ is a compound of the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb ἕζομαι (hezomai), meaning 'to sit'. The root ἕζομαι is related to the Proto-Indo-European root for 'to sit'.

G1163

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: DEIN

Translations: to be necessary, to be needful, to be proper, to be right, to be fitting, to be binding, to be obligatory, to be due, to be destined, to be fated, to be required, to be compelled, to be obliged, to need, to have to, must, ought

Notes: This is the present active infinitive form of the impersonal verb 'ΔΕΙ'. It means 'to be necessary' or 'it is necessary'. It is often used to express obligation, necessity, or what is proper or destined to happen. It typically takes an infinitive as its subject, indicating what must or ought to be done.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΧΡΗ, ΑΝΑΓΚΗ ΕΣΤΙΝ

G0243

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Part of Speech: Prefix

Sounds like: ALL

Translations: other, another, different, foreign

Notes: This is a prefix form of the word 'ἄλλος' (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to form compound words that convey the idea of something being different, foreign, or belonging to another group. For example, 'ἀλλογενῶν' means 'of other races', 'ἀλλότριοι' means 'strangers' or 'foreigners', and 'ἀλλόφυλους' means 'foreigners' or 'of another tribe'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix)

Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.

G1957

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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: eh-pee-koo-RAY-son-tah

Translations: about to help, about to succor, about to aid, about to assist

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'epikoureō', meaning 'to help' or 'to succor'. As a future active participle, it describes someone or something that is 'about to help' or 'going to provide aid'. It functions adjectivally, modifying a noun or pronoun, indicating an impending action of assistance.

Inflection: Future, Active, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Neuter

Synonyms: ΒΟΗΘΗΣΟΝΤΑ, ΣΥΝΕΡΓΗΣΟΝΤΑ

G3662

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ho-mo-ETH-neh-sin

Translations: of the same nation, fellow countryman, fellow national

Notes: This word describes someone who belongs to the same nation or ethnic group as another. It is a compound word formed from 'homos' (same) and 'ethnos' (nation or people). It is used to refer to fellow countrymen or people of the same nationality.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΥΜΦΥΛΕΤΗΣ, ΣΥΜΠΟΛΙΤΗΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΜΟΕΘΝΗΣ is a compound of the Greek words ΟΜΟΣ (homos), meaning 'same' or 'like', and ΕΘΝΟΣ (ethnos), meaning 'nation' or 'people'.

G4920

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-EE-kah

Translations: I understood, I perceived, I comprehended, I gathered, I assembled

Notes: This word is the first aorist active indicative form of the verb ΣΥΝΙΗΜΙ, meaning 'to understand' or 'to perceive'. It can also mean 'to bring together' or 'to assemble', especially in its compound forms or in certain contexts. In the provided examples, it is primarily used in the sense of understanding or comprehending.

Inflection: First Aorist, Active, Indicative, Singular or Plural (depending on context, ΣΥΝΗΚΑ is 1st person singular, ΣΥΝΗΚΑΝ is 3rd person plural)

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΜΑΝΘΑΝΩ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ

Etymology: From the preposition ΣΥΝ (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΙΗΜΙ (hiēmi), meaning 'to send' or 'to let go'. The combination implies 'sending together' or 'bringing together', which evolved into the meaning of 'understanding' or 'comprehending' by bringing concepts together in the mind.

G5219

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-pah-koo-SES-thai

Translations: to obey, to hearken, to submit, to listen

Notes: This word is the future middle/passive infinitive form of the verb 'hypakouō'. It means 'to be about to obey' or 'to be about to listen'. It describes the action of giving ear to someone, listening attentively, and consequently, obeying or submitting to their authority or command. It implies a response to what is heard, often in the sense of compliance.

Inflection: Infinitive, Future, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΠΕΙΘΕΣΘΑΙ, ΥΠΟΤΑΣΣΕΣΘΑΙ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ὑπό (hypó, “under”) + ἀκούω (akoúō, “I hear”). It literally means 'to hear under', implying listening attentively and then submitting or obeying.

G5346

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-FAYN

Translations: I said, he said, she said, it said

Notes: This is the first aorist active indicative form of the verb 'φημί' (phēmi), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to report what someone said in the past, often translated as 'I said' or 'he/she/it said' depending on the context. It can refer to a specific utterance or a general statement made previously.

Inflection: First Aorist, Active, Indicative, Singular, First or Third Person

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΕΙΠΩΝ, ΛΑΛΕΩ

Etymology: The verb φημί (phēmi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeh₂- meaning 'to speak, tell, say'. It is related to Latin fari ('to speak') and English 'ban' (in the sense of proclamation).

G2092

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Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: eh-TOY-mohs

Translations: readily, promptly, quickly, at hand, in readiness, prepared

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'readily' or 'promptly'. It describes an action that is done with ease, speed, or a state of preparedness. It can indicate that something is available or at hand, or that an action is performed without hesitation. For example, one might 'readily' obey a command or be 'prepared' for an event.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΤΑΧΕΩΣ, ΕΥΘΕΩΣ, ΠΑΡΑΧΡΗΜΑ

Etymology: The word ΕΤΟΙΜΩΣ is derived from the adjective ΕΤΟΙΜΟΣ (hetoimos), meaning 'ready' or 'prepared'. Its origin is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the concept of being 'at hand' or 'in order'.

G0328

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-nah-boh-LEES

Translations: of delay, of postponement, of a putting off, of a cloak, of a mantle

Notes: This word refers to a delay, postponement, or putting off of something. It can also refer to a cloak or mantle, something thrown over or put on. In the provided context, it likely refers to the hem or border of a garment, or the act of putting on a garment, or a delay in an action.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΒΡΑΔΥΤΗΣ, ἈΝΑΚΟΠΗ

Etymology: From ἀναβάλλω (anaballō), meaning 'to throw up, put off, delay', which is formed from ἀνά (ana, 'up, again') and βάλλω (ballō, 'to throw').

G4823

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-eh-boo-LEH-oo-on

Translations: they were advising, they advised, they were counseling, they counseled

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to advise' or 'to counsel'. It describes the action of giving advice or consulting with someone. In this form, it indicates that a group of people (they) were in the process of advising or counseling, or that they did so in the past. It is a compound word formed from 'σύν' (together with) and 'βουλεύω' (to counsel, to plan).

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΕΥΩ, ΠΑΡΑΙΝΕΩ, ΣΥΝΙΣΤΗΜΙ

Etymology: The word συμβουλεύω (symbouleuō) is derived from the prefix σύν (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb βουλεύω (bouleuō), meaning 'to counsel' or 'to plan'. It literally means 'to counsel together' or 'to take counsel with'.

G1893

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEI

Translations: since, because, for, when, after, inasmuch as

Notes: This word functions as a conjunction or adverb, introducing a clause that provides a reason, cause, or time. As a conjunction, it can mean 'since' or 'because' when indicating a cause, or 'when' or 'after' when indicating time. As an adverb, it can mean 'for' or 'inasmuch as'. It often introduces a dependent clause that explains the main clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΚΑΘΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙΔΗ

Etymology: From the preposition ἐπί (epi, 'upon, on') and the particle εἰ (ei, 'if'). It originally meant 'upon the condition that' or 'when'.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G4316

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-bah-LEIN

Translations: to attack, to assault, to throw against, to apply, to approach, to meet, to encounter

Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'prosballō'. It generally means to throw or cast something against another, and by extension, to attack or assault a place or person. It can also mean to apply oneself to something, to approach, or to meet someone or something. It is often used in military contexts to describe an assault on a city or enemy lines.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΕΦΟΔΕΥΩ, ΕΠΙΧΕΙΡΕΩ

G1249

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: dee-eh-LON-tas

Translations: having divided, having distributed, having separated, having taken apart

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, masculine accusative plural, derived from the verb 'διαιρέω' (diaireō). It describes an action that has been completed before the main verb's action, indicating that the subjects have performed the act of dividing, distributing, or separating something. It is a compound word formed from 'διά' (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and 'αἱρέω' (haireō), meaning 'to take' or 'to choose'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΜΕΡΙΣΑΝΤΑΣ, ΔΙΑΧΩΡΙΣΑΝΤΑΣ

G2186

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-is-TEE-sai

Translations: to set, to place, to appoint, to stop, to come upon, to stand over, to pay attention

Notes: This is an aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'ephistēmi'. It means 'to set, to place, to appoint, to stop, or to come upon'. It can be used to describe the act of placing something in a particular position, appointing someone to a role, or an action of stopping or coming upon someone or something. The meaning can vary slightly depending on the context and the case of the noun it governs.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΤΑΣΣΩ

Etymology: The word ἐφίστημι is a compound word formed from the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'over', and the verb ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand' or 'to cause to stand'.

G2083

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: eh-TAI-roos

Translations: companion, a companion, comrade, a comrade, friend, a friend, associate, an associate

Notes: This word refers to a companion, comrade, or friend. It is used to describe someone who accompanies another, often in a close or familiar relationship, such as a fellow traveler, a colleague, or a close associate. In the provided examples, it refers to companions or associates of individuals.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Accusative

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΕΡΓΟΣ, ΦΙΛΟΣ, ΣΥΝΟΔΟΣ

Etymology: The word "ΕΤΑΙΡΟΣ" is of uncertain origin, possibly related to "ἔτης" (etes), meaning 'clansman' or 'kinsman'.

G0018

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-ga-THOYS

Translations: (to) good, (for) good, (with) good, (by) good, (to) beneficial, (for) beneficial, (with) beneficial, (by) beneficial, (to) virtuous, (for) virtuous, (with) virtuous, (by) virtuous

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'good', 'beneficial', or 'virtuous'. It can refer to things that are good in quality, morally good, or beneficial in effect. In its dative plural form, as seen here, it indicates the indirect object or means, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', 'with', or 'by', referring to multiple good things or people.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΟΙΣ, ΧΡΗΣΤΟΙΣ

G3440

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: MO-non

Translations: only, alone, merely, a single, a solitary

Notes: This word can function as an adverb meaning 'only' or 'merely', indicating exclusivity or limitation. It can also be the neuter singular form of the adjective 'ΜΟΝΟΣ', meaning 'alone' or 'solitary', describing something as being by itself or unique. In its adverbial use, it often modifies verbs or clauses to emphasize that something is done exclusively or that a condition applies solely to one thing.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (as adjective); Does not inflect (as adverb)

Synonyms: ΜΟΝΩΣ, ΜΟΝΟΓΕΝΗΣ

G4823

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soom-boo-LEH-oo-een

Translations: to advise, to counsel, to recommend, to deliberate, to consult

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to advise' or 'to counsel'. It is often used in the context of giving guidance or making recommendations to someone. It is a compound word formed from 'σύν' (together with) and 'βουλεύω' (to take counsel, to plan).

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΕΥΩ, ΠΑΡΑΙΝΕΩ, ΣΥΝΙΣΤΗΜΙ

Etymology: The word is derived from the prefix 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb 'βουλεύω' (bouleuō), meaning 'to take counsel' or 'to plan'. This combination emphasizes the act of planning or advising together with others.

G0235

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Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: AL-lah

Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed

Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.

G1893

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: eh-PEY-goo-sees

Translations: urgent, pressing, hastening, of urgency, of pressing need, of hastening

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'Ἐπείγω', meaning to hasten, press, or urge. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing something that is urgent, pressing, or in a hurry. It can be used to describe a situation, a need, or an action that requires immediate attention or speed.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΣΠΕΥΔΟΥΣΗΣ, ΚΑΤΕΠΕΙΓΟΥΣΗΣ

G2233

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Part of Speech: Participle, Noun

Sounds like: hay-goo-MEH-noos

Translations: leaders, rulers, chiefs, governors, commanders, guides, a leader, a ruler

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'hegeomai', meaning 'to lead' or 'to guide'. It refers to those who are in a position of leadership, authority, or guidance. It can be translated as 'leaders', 'rulers', or 'chiefs', depending on the context. It is often used to describe those who have authority over a group of people, such as elders in a church or commanders in an army.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΟΝΤΑΣ, ΠΡΟΕΣΤΩΤΑΣ, ΚΥΡΙΟΥΣ

Etymology: The word 'hegeomai' comes from the Greek root 'heg-', meaning 'to lead'. It is related to words like 'hodos' (way, path) and implies guiding along a path.

G4133

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: PLAYN

Translations: but, nevertheless, except, only, however, save, yet, notwithstanding, (except) for

Notes: This word functions as an adverb, conjunction, or preposition, indicating an exception, contrast, or limitation. As an adverb, it means 'nevertheless' or 'only'. As a conjunction, it means 'but' or 'however', introducing a contrasting statement. As a preposition, it means 'except' or 'save', typically followed by a genitive case, indicating exclusion.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΑ, ΕΙ ΜΗ, ΧΩΡΙΣ

Etymology: From an obsolete root, possibly related to πλῆθος (plēthos, 'multitude'), suggesting a sense of 'fullness' or 'completeness' from which something is excluded.

G3756

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΉ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.

G0855

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-fay-GAY-sthai

Translations: to lead, to rule, to govern, to relate, to describe, to tell

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from 'ἀπό' (from, away from) and 'ἡγέομαι' (to lead, to consider). It means to lead away, to lead, to rule, or to govern. It can also mean to relate, describe, or tell a story or account, implying a detailed or comprehensive narration. It is used to describe someone taking charge or providing a full account of events.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΔΙΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΚΥΒΕΡΝΑΩ

G1415

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: doo-NAH-tos

Translations: able, powerful, mighty, strong, possible, a mighty one

Notes: This word describes someone or something that possesses power, strength, or ability. It can refer to physical might, moral strength, or the capacity to do something. It can also mean 'possible' when referring to an event or situation. It is often used to describe God as 'the Mighty One'.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (can also be Feminine or Neuter, and other cases/numbers depending on context)

Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΡΟΣ, ΚΡΑΤΑΙΟΣ, ΕΝΔΥΝΑΜΟΣ

Etymology: From δύναμαι (dynamai), meaning 'to be able, to have power'. It relates to the concept of inherent power or capability.

G4909

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-ay-REH-sen

Translations: it pleased, it was pleasing, it agreed with, it was agreeable to

Notes: This word is the aorist active indicative third person singular form of the verb synareskō. It means 'to please together with' or 'to be agreeable to'. It describes something that was pleasing or agreeable to a group or individual, often implying a consensus or shared approval. It is used to express that something met with the approval or satisfaction of someone.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΡΕΣΚΩ, ΕΥΔΟΚΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΣΥΝΑΡΕΣΚΩ (synareskō) is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΣΥΝ (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΑΡΕΣΚΩ (areskō), meaning 'to please' or 'to be agreeable'.

G3588, G3739, G2228

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G4824

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: sym-boo-LEE-ah

Translations: counsel, a counsel, advice, an advice, plan, a plan, purpose, a purpose

Notes: This word refers to counsel, advice, or a plan. It can also denote a purpose or resolution. It is a compound word formed from 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and 'βουλή' (boulē), meaning 'counsel' or 'will'. It is used to describe the act of giving or receiving advice, or the resulting plan or decision.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΗ, ΓΝΩΜΗ, ΣΥΝΕΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΣΥΜΒΟΥΛΙΑ (symboulia) is derived from the verb συμβουλεύω (symbouleuō), meaning 'to advise' or 'to consult'. It is formed from the prefix σύν (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the noun βουλή (boulē), meaning 'counsel' or 'will'.

G2532, G1565

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Pronoun

Sounds like: kah-keh-EE-noos

Translations: and those, and them

Notes: This is a compound word formed by the contraction of the conjunction "καὶ" (kai, meaning "and") and the demonstrative pronoun "ἐκείνους" (ekeinous, meaning "those" or "them"). It is used to connect a previous statement or group with "those" or "them" that follow, indicating an additional group or item. For example, it could be used in a sentence like "He saw the men and those [others] also."

Inflection: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ ΤΟΥΤΟΥΣ, ΚΑΙ ΑΥΤΟΥΣ

G0315

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-nahng-KAH-zohn

Translations: they were compelling, they were forcing, they were urging, they were pressing

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to compel,' 'to force,' or 'to urge.' It describes an action where someone is made to do something against their will or under strong persuasion. It is used to indicate an ongoing or repeated action in the past.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΒΙΑΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΝΑΓΚΑΖΩ

Etymology: The word ἀναγκάζω (anagkazo) comes from ἀνάγκη (anankē), meaning 'necessity' or 'compulsion.' It describes the act of putting someone under such a necessity.

G1826

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ex-ee-EH-nai

Translations: to go out, to come out, to depart, to issue forth, to send forth, to let go out

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb ΕΞΙΗΜΙ. It is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἘΞ (out of) and the verb ἸΈΝΑΙ (to go or to send). It describes the action of moving from an inside location to an outside one, or of something being sent or let go from within. It can be used in various contexts to indicate departure, emergence, or emission.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The verb ΕΞΙΗΜΙ is a compound of the preposition ἘΞ (ex), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb ἸΗΜΙ (hiemi), meaning 'to send' or 'to let go'. The infinitive form ἸΈΝΑΙ is related to the verb ΕἸΜΙ (eimi), 'to go'.

G4797

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-ekh-yoo-THEE-san

Translations: they were confused, they were confounded, they were thrown into confusion, they were disturbed, they were agitated

Notes: This word describes a state of being confused, confounded, or thrown into disarray. It implies a mixing up or a disturbance that leads to a lack of clarity or order. It is often used to describe a group of people who become bewildered or agitated, losing their composure or understanding.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Aorist, Passive, Indicative

Synonyms: ΤΑΡΑΣΣΩ, ΘΟΡΥΒΕΩ, ΑΠΟΡΕΩ

Etymology: The word συγχέω (syncheō) is a compound word formed from the preposition σύν (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together,' and the verb χέω (cheō), meaning 'to pour.' Thus, it literally means 'to pour together' or 'to mix up,' leading to the sense of confusion or disorder.

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Interjection, Prefix, Numeral

Sounds like: AI

Translations: the, who, which, alas, oh, 11

Notes: The word 'ΑΙ' can function in several ways in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it is the feminine nominative plural form of the definite article, meaning 'the' (referring to multiple feminine nouns). It can also be the feminine nominative plural form of the relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which'. Less frequently, it can be an interjection expressing sorrow or pain, similar to 'alas' or 'oh'. It can also appear as a prefix in compound words. Additionally, 'ΑΙ' can represent the number 11 when used as a numerical symbol (alpha-iota). It is also possible for 'ΑΙ' to be an elision or contraction of other words, such as 'ἀεί' (always) or 'ἄγε' (come on!), though this is less common in the New Testament.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Plural (for article and pronoun); Does not inflect (for interjection, prefix, and numeral)

Etymology: The origin of 'ΑΙ' as a definite article and relative pronoun is from Proto-Indo-European. Its use as an interjection is onomatopoeic.

G1106

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GNO-mai

Translations: opinions, judgments, purposes, counsels, decisions, maxims, proverbs

Notes: This word refers to a judgment, opinion, purpose, or decision. It can also mean a maxim or proverb. In its plural form, as presented here, it refers to multiple such thoughts or intentions. It is used to describe the collective or individual thoughts and intentions of people.

Inflection: Nominative, Vocative, Plural, Feminine

Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΑΙ, ΚΡΙΣΕΙΣ, ΔΟΞΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΓΝΩΜΗ (gnōmē) comes from the verb γιγνώσκω (gignōskō), meaning 'to know' or 'to perceive'. It refers to the result of knowing or perceiving, hence a judgment or opinion.

G2716

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: kah-ter-gah-SAH-meh-noys

Translations: (to) those having worked, (to) those having accomplished, (to) those having produced, (to) those having performed

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'katergazomai', meaning to work out, accomplish, produce, or perform. As a dative plural participle, it refers to 'those who have worked out' or 'those who have accomplished' something, indicating the recipients of an action or the persons to whom something is done, based on their past action.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine, Aorist, Middle Voice

Synonyms: ΠΟΙΟΥΣΙΝ, ΠΡΑΞΑΣΙΝ, ΕΡΓΑΣΑΜΕΝΟΙΣ

Etymology: The verb 'katergazomai' is a compound word formed from 'kata' (down, against, according to) and 'ergazomai' (to work). It implies working something out thoroughly or completely.

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Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral, Prefix

Sounds like: AL-fah (as the letter name), ah (as the sound)

Translations: Alpha, A, one, un-, a-

Notes: This is the first letter of the Greek alphabet, equivalent to the English 'A'. It can also function as the numeral '1'. Furthermore, it is commonly used as a prefix (known as the 'alpha privative') when placed before a word, indicating negation, absence, or the opposite of the word's meaning, similar to the English prefixes 'un-' or 'a-'. For example, 'atheist' (without God) comes from 'a-' (without) and 'theos' (God).

Inflection: Does not inflect as a letter or numeral. As a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the word it precedes.

Etymology: The letter 'Alpha' is derived from the Phoenician letter 'aleph', which meant 'ox'. It was adopted by the Greeks and became the first letter of their alphabet.

G2029

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ep-ee-khee-RAY-mah-sin

Translations: arguments, attempts, enterprises, undertakings, endeavors

Notes: This word refers to arguments, attempts, or undertakings. It describes an action or a course of reasoning that someone puts their hand to, often implying a deliberate effort or a logical presentation of ideas. It can be used in contexts where someone is making a case or embarking on a new venture.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΛΟΓΟΙ, ΠΕΙΡΑΙ, ΕΡΓΑ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙΧΕΙΡΗΜΑ (epicheirēma) is derived from the verb ἐπιχειρέω (epicheireō), meaning 'to put one's hand to, attempt, undertake', which itself is a compound of ἐπί (epi, 'upon, to') and χείρ (cheir, 'hand'). The suffix -μα (-ma) forms nouns of result or action.

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: an-tee-strah-tay-GAY-san-tos

Translations: of having been a counter-general, of having been a commander against, of having commanded against

Notes: This word is a compound participle, formed from 'anti' (against, in opposition to) and 'strategos' (general, commander). It refers to someone who has acted as a general or commander in opposition to another, or who has commanded forces against an enemy. It describes a past action of leading or commanding in a confrontational manner.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ἀντί (anti), meaning 'against' or 'in opposition to', and the verb στρατηγέω (strategéō), meaning 'to be a general' or 'to command an army'. The verb στρατηγέω itself comes from στρατηγός (stratēgós), meaning 'general', which is a compound of στρατός (stratos, 'army') and ἄγω (agō, 'to lead').

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The Life of Flavius Josephus, Chapter 55

Interlinear version from Life of Flavius Josephus, The (Beta)

55:283

55:284

55:285

55:286

55:287

55:288

55:289

This interlinear database is in beta