Home / Interlinears (Beta) / Life of Flavius Josephus, The / The Life of Flavius Josephus / Chapter 23The Life of Flavius Josephus, Chapter 23
Interlinear version from Life of Flavius Josephus, The (Beta)
G2596
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: KAH-tah
Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along
Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TOO-ton
Translations: this, this one, him, it
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, used to point out something specific that is near in proximity, time, or thought, or something that has just been mentioned. As a pronoun, it can stand in for a noun, meaning 'this one' or 'him/it'. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, meaning 'this' (e.g., 'this house'). In this form, it is masculine singular and in the accusative case, meaning it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΝ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: the
Notes: This word is the masculine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a particular masculine noun that is the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'he saw the man' or 'towards the God'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed to function as a marker of definiteness in Greek.
G2540
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kai-RON
Translations: time, a time, season, a season, opportune time, a opportune time, proper time, a proper time
Notes: This word refers to a specific, appointed, or opportune time, a critical moment, or a season, rather than general chronological time (which is 'χρόνος'). It often implies a qualitative aspect of time, emphasizing the right or fitting moment for something. In the provided examples, it is used in the accusative case, indicating the object of an action or a duration.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΧΡΟΝΟΣ, ΩΡΑ, ΕΠΟΧΗ
Etymology: The etymology of 'καιρός' is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the idea of 'fitting' or 'proper'.
G0876
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-fik-NOO-n-tai
Translations: they arrive, they come, they reach
Notes: This word means 'they arrive' or 'they come to a place'. It is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἀπό (from) and the verb ἱκνέομαι (to come, arrive). It describes the action of a group of people or things reaching a destination or point.
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle, Third Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΝΤΑΙ, ΠΑΡΑΓΙΝΟΝΤΑΙ
Etymology: The word ἀφικνέομαι is a compound of the preposition ἀπό (meaning 'from' or 'away from') and the verb ἱκνέομαι (meaning 'to come' or 'to arrive'). The combination signifies coming from a place to a destination.
G4314
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PROSS
Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to
Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).
Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.
G1691
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: MEH
Translations: me
Notes: This word is the first-person singular pronoun 'me' in the accusative case. It is used as the direct object of a verb or as the object of certain prepositions, indicating the recipient of an action or the object being affected.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, First Person
Etymology: The word ΜΕ (me) derives from the ancient Greek first-person singular pronoun. Its form has remained largely consistent throughout various stages of the Greek language.
G1417
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: DEE-oh
Translations: two
Notes: This word is a cardinal numeral meaning 'two'. It is used to indicate a quantity of two of something. It is indeclinable, meaning its form does not change regardless of gender, case, or number.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is cognate with English 'two'.
G3175
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: meh-gih-STA-nes
Translations: nobles, princes, great men, chief men, magnates
Notes: This word refers to high-ranking officials, nobles, or powerful individuals, often those in positions of authority or influence. It is used to describe prominent or leading figures in a society or government.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΡΧΟΝΤΕΣ, ΔΥΝΑΣΤΑΙ, ΠΡΩΤΟΙ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G5259
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: hoo-POH
Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TANE
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.
G1849
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ex-oo-SEE-an
Translations: authority, power, right, a right, jurisdiction, a jurisdiction, liberty, a liberty
Notes: This word refers to the right or power to do something, often implying delegated authority or freedom to act. It can describe official power, the ability to act, or even the freedom to choose.
Inflection: Singular, Feminine, Accusative
Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΜΙΣ, ΚΡΑΤΟΣ, ΙΣΧΥΣ
Etymology: From the Greek verb ἔξεστι (exesti), meaning 'it is lawful' or 'it is permitted'. It denotes the state of being free to act, hence authority or power.
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G0935
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: bah-see-LEH-ohs
Translations: (of) a king, (of) king
Notes: This word refers to a monarch or sovereign ruler. It is used to denote the leader of a kingdom or nation. In this form, it indicates possession or origin, meaning 'belonging to a king' or 'from a king'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ
G1537
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EK
Translations: out of, from, of
Notes: ἘΚ is a preposition meaning 'out of' or 'from,' indicating origin, source, or separation. It always governs the genitive case, meaning the noun or pronoun following it will be in the genitive form. It can also be used to express the cause or means by which something occurs.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἈΠΌ
Etymology: From a primary preposition, meaning 'out of' or 'from'. It is a fundamental word in Greek, indicating separation or origin.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: THAYS
Translations: of the
Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.
G5139
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: tra-kho-NEE-ton
Translations: of Trachonitis, of the Trachonites
Notes: This word refers to the inhabitants of Trachonitis, a rocky region located southeast of Damascus. It is used to describe people or things associated with this specific geographical area. For example, one might speak of 'the people of Trachonitis' or 'the region of Trachonitis'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
Etymology: The word is derived from ΤΡΑΧΩΝ (TRACHON), meaning 'rocky place' or 'rough ground', referring to the geographical characteristics of the region.
G5561
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHO-ras
Translations: of a country, of a region, of a land, of a place, of the country, of the region, of the land, of the place, countries, regions, lands, places
Notes: This word refers to a country, region, land, or place. It is often used to denote a specific geographical area or territory. In its genitive singular form, it indicates possession or origin, such as 'of a country' or 'from a region'. It can also function as the nominative or accusative plural, meaning 'countries' or 'regions'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine; or Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΤΟΠΟΣ, ΓΗ
G1863
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: eh-pah-GOH-meh-noy
Translations: bringing upon, bringing in, bringing forward, leading on, leading in, inducing, inflicting
Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle derived from the verb 'epagō', meaning 'to bring upon' or 'to lead in'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that is happening concurrently with the main verb. It can describe someone or something that is being brought upon, led in, or inflicted upon others, or it can describe an action of bringing something upon oneself (in the middle voice).
Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΑΓΟΝΤΕΣ, ΦΕΡΟΝΤΕΣ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἐπί (epi, 'upon, to') and ἄγω (agō, 'to lead, to bring'). It literally means 'to lead upon' or 'to bring upon'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOOS
Translations: the, them, those
Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).
G1438
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-ow-TON
Translations: (of) themselves, their own
Notes: This word is a reflexive pronoun, meaning it refers back to the subject of the sentence. It indicates that the action or possession relates to the subject itself. It is used to emphasize that the subject is acting upon or possessing something related to itself, rather than someone or something else.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders
G2462
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: IP-poos
Translations: horses, a horse
Notes: This word refers to horses. It is a common noun used to denote the animal. In the provided examples, it is used in the context of military might or divine action involving horses, often in a plural sense.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΙΠΠΟΙ, ΙΠΠΟΝ
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G3696
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: OP-lah
Translations: arms, weapons, armor, hoofs
Notes: This word is a plural noun that can refer to military equipment such as arms, weapons, or armor. It can also refer to the hoofs of an animal. Its meaning depends on the context in which it is used.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΠΛΙΣΙΣ, ΟΠΛΙΣΜΟΣ, ΟΝΥΞ
Etymology: The word ὅπλον (hoplon) is believed to be derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sep-, meaning 'to handle, to grasp'. It originally referred to any tool or implement, and later specialized to mean 'weapon' or 'armor'.
G5536
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHRAY-ma-tah
Translations: money, wealth, goods, property, things, affairs
Notes: This word refers to money, wealth, or possessions. It can also broadly mean 'things' or 'affairs' in certain contexts, referring to matters or circumstances. In the provided examples, it consistently refers to money or financial resources.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΠΛΟΥΤΟΣ, ΟΥΣΙΑ, ΚΤΗΜΑΤΑ
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Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral
Sounds like: DEL-tah
Translations: Delta, four, 4
Notes: Δ (Delta) is the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet. In the Greek numeral system, it represents the number four. It is also used as a symbol in various contexts, including mathematics and science, though its primary function in Koine Greek texts is as a letter or a numeral.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The Greek letter Delta is derived from the Phoenician letter Dalet, which means 'door'.
G5268
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Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective, Adverb
Sounds like: hoo-po-KO-mee-zon-tes
Translations: bringing, carrying, conveying, those who bring, those who carry, those who convey
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'bringing under' or 'carrying under'. It describes an action of conveying something from one place to another, often implying a careful or deliberate movement. It can function adjectivally to describe people or things that are performing this action, or adverbially to describe how an action is being done.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΦΕΡΟΝΤΕΣ, ΑΓΟΝΤΕΣ
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOO-toos
Translations: these, those
Notes: This word is the accusative plural masculine form of the demonstrative pronoun 'οὗτος' (houtos). It is used to point out or refer to specific people or things that are near in proximity or time, or that have just been mentioned. It functions like 'these' or 'those' in English, often referring to a group of males or a group of mixed gender.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΙΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΥΣ
G4059
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: peh-ree-TEM-nes-thai
Translations: to be circumcised, to circumcise oneself
Notes: This word is the present middle or passive infinitive form of the verb 'περιτέμνω' (peritemnō), meaning 'to cut around' or 'to circumcise'. In the middle voice, it means 'to circumcise oneself', and in the passive voice, 'to be circumcised'. It is often used in contexts relating to the Jewish practice of circumcision.
Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive, Infinitive
Etymology: From 'περί' (peri), meaning 'around', and 'τέμνω' (temnō), meaning 'to cut'.
G2453
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ee-oo-DAH-ee-ohn
Translations: of Jews, of the Jews
Notes: This word refers to people from Judea or those who are adherents of Judaism. It is a plural noun in the genitive case, indicating possession or origin, often translated as 'of Jews' or 'belonging to Jews'. It can be used to describe the people, their customs, or their land.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
G0315
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: an-ag-KAD-zon-TON
Translations: compelling, forcing, urging, constraining, pressing
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to compel' or 'to force'. It describes an action of putting pressure on someone or something, either physically or morally, to do something. It can be used to indicate that someone is being made to do something against their will or under duress.
Inflection: Present, Active, Masculine, Genitive, Plural
Synonyms: ΒΙΑΖΟΝΤΩΝ, ΚΑΤΑΝΑΓΚΑΖΟΝΤΩΝ
G1519, G1487, G1488
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb
Sounds like: E
Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are
Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).
G2309
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: theh-LOO-sin
Translations: they want, they wish, they desire, they will
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to want,' 'to wish,' 'to desire,' or 'to will.' It is used to express intention, volition, or a strong inclination towards something. For example, it can be used in sentences like 'they want to go' or 'they wish for peace.'
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Present Tense, Indicative Mood, Active Voice
Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΟΜΑΙ, ΕΠΙΘΥΜΩ
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EYE-nah-ee
Translations: to be, to exist, to happen, to become
Notes: This is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'to be'. It expresses existence, identity, or a state of being. It can also be used to indicate purpose or result, especially when preceded by the genitive article 'τοῦ' (tou), in which case it can be translated as 'in order to be' or 'for the purpose of being'.
Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active. Does not inflect for person, number, gender, or case.
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΩ
G3844
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix
Sounds like: pa-RAH
Translations: beside, by, near, from, with, at, along, beyond, against, through, in the presence of, alongside, a
Notes: This word functions primarily as a preposition, indicating proximity, origin, or comparison. It can mean 'beside,' 'from,' 'with,' 'at,' or 'alongside,' depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used as a prefix in compound words, it often conveys ideas of proximity, deviation, or intensity, such as 'alongside,' 'beyond,' 'contrary to,' or 'through.'
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΣΥΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *per- (meaning 'forward, through'). It is cognate with English 'for' and 'through'.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOYS
Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her
Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OOK
Translations: not, no
Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.
G1439
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ee-AH-sah
Translations: I allowed, I permitted, I let, I suffered
Notes: This word is the first person singular, aorist active indicative form of the verb 'eaō', meaning 'to permit, allow, let go, or leave alone'. It describes an action that was completed in the past by the speaker, indicating that they gave permission for something to happen, or refrained from preventing it.
Inflection: First person singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΑΦΙΗΜΙ, ΣΥΓΧΩΡΕΩ
Etymology: The word 'eaō' (ἐάω) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the concept of 'letting go' or 'leaving'.
G0971
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: bee-as-THEE-nai
Translations: to be forced, to be compelled, to suffer violence, to be pressed
Notes: This word is an aorist passive infinitive, meaning 'to be forced' or 'to be compelled'. It describes an action where someone or something is subjected to force or pressure by an external agent, rather than acting of their own accord. It implies being made to do something against one's will or experiencing violent treatment.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΓΚΑΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΝΑΓΚΑΖΩ
Etymology: The word ΒΙΑΖΩ comes from the Greek word βία (bia), meaning 'force' or 'violence'.
G5335
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: FAS-kohn
Translations: saying, asserting, claiming, professing
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'saying' or 'asserting'. It describes an action that is ongoing or habitual. It is often used to introduce a statement or claim made by the subject of the sentence, indicating that they are in the act of speaking or declaring something.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Present Active Participle
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩΝ, ΕΙΠΩΝ, ΦΗΜΙ
G1163
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: DEIN
Translations: to be necessary, to be needful, to be proper, to be right, to be fitting, to be binding, to be obligatory, to be due, to be destined, to be fated, to be required, to be compelled, to be obliged, to need, to have to, must, ought
Notes: This is the present active infinitive form of the impersonal verb 'ΔΕΙ'. It means 'to be necessary' or 'it is necessary'. It is often used to express obligation, necessity, or what is proper or destined to happen. It typically takes an infinitive as its subject, indicating what must or ought to be done.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΧΡΗ, ΑΝΑΓΚΗ ΕΣΤΙΝ
G1538
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-KAS-ton
Translations: each, every, each one, every one, each thing, every thing
Notes: This word means 'each' or 'every', referring to individual items or persons within a group. It is used to emphasize the distinctness of each member. It can function as an adjective modifying a noun, or as a pronoun standing in for 'each one' or 'each thing'.
Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΕΚΑΣΤΟΣ, ΠΑΣ
Etymology: The word comes from an intensive form of the demonstrative pronoun 'he' or 'that', emphasizing individuality.
G1438
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Part of Speech: Reflexive Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-ah-TOO
Translations: (of) himself, (of) herself, (of) itself, (of) themselves
Notes: This word is a reflexive pronoun, meaning it refers back to the subject of the sentence. It indicates that the action of the verb is directed back to the one performing it. For example, 'he washed himself'. It is a compound word formed from the personal pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos) and the reflexive pronoun 'ἑαυτοῦ' (heautou).
Inflection: Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter. It can also be used for Feminine or Plural contexts, though the specific form 'ΕΑΥΤΟΥ' is genitive singular masculine/neuter.
Etymology: From the combination of the personal pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos, 'self') and the reflexive pronoun 'ἑαυτοῦ' (heautou, 'of self').
G4286
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pro-ahee-REH-sin
Translations: choice, purpose, intention, a choice, a purpose, an intention
Notes: This word refers to a deliberate choice, purpose, or intention. It implies a decision made after careful consideration, often reflecting one's character or will. It can be used to describe a person's settled disposition or a specific decision they have made.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΗ, ΓΝΩΜΗ, ΘΕΛΗΜΑ
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: theh-ON
Translations: God, a God
Notes: This word refers to God, a god, or a deity. It is used as the direct object in a sentence, indicating the recipient of an action or the one being referred to. For example, one might 'worship God' (where 'God' would be in the accusative case).
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ
G2151
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: yoo-SEB-eh-in
Translations: to be devout, to show piety, to worship, to act piously
Notes: This word means to be devout, to show piety, or to act in a godly manner. It describes the act of revering God or gods, and living a life that reflects religious devotion and moral uprightness. It can be used in sentences to describe someone's actions or character in relation to their religious beliefs.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΘΡΗΣΚΕΥΩ, ΣΕΒΟΜΑΙ, ΛΑΤΡΕΥΩ
Etymology: The word Εὐσεβέω (eusebeō) is derived from the Greek words εὖ (eu), meaning 'well' or 'good', and σέβομαι (sebomai), meaning 'to worship' or 'to revere'. Thus, it literally means 'to worship well' or 'to revere rightly'.
G0235
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: AL-lah
Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed
Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.
G3361
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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb
Sounds like: MAY
Translations: not, lest, no, do not
Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.
G3326
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: MEH-tah
Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides
Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.
G0979
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: bee-AS
Translations: (of) force, (of) violence, (of) power
Notes: This word refers to the concept of force, violence, or power. It is used to describe an action or state characterized by strength, compulsion, or intensity. It can imply either physical force or a strong, compelling influence.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΜΕΩΣ, ΙΣΧΥΟΣ
Etymology: The word βία (bia) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It has been used since ancient times to denote physical force or power.
G5534
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: KHRAY-nahy
Translations: it is necessary, it is proper, ought, must, to be necessary, to be proper
Notes: This is an impersonal verb, meaning 'it is necessary' or 'it is proper'. It is often used with an accusative and infinitive construction, indicating that something must or ought to be done by someone. For example, 'it is necessary for him to go'.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΔΕΙ, ΟΦΕΙΛΩ
Etymology: The word comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰer- meaning 'to desire, to want'. In Greek, it developed into a verb expressing necessity or obligation.
G1161
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: DEH
Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however
Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.
G1223
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral
Sounds like: DEE
Translations: through, by means of, on account of, because of, 14
Notes: This word is most commonly an elided form of the preposition ΔΙΑ (dia), meaning 'through', 'by means of', 'on account of', or 'because of'. It is used to indicate the means by which something is done or the reason for an action. It can also represent the Greek numeral 14, indicated by a keraia (a mark similar to an apostrophe) which is often omitted in transcription.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or numeral)
Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΥΠΟ, ΕΝΕΚΕΝ
Etymology: The preposition ΔΙΑ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'through' or 'apart'.
G803
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: as-fah-LI-an
Translations: security, safety, certainty, assurance, a security, a safety
Notes: This word refers to the state of being safe, secure, or free from danger. It can also denote certainty or assurance in a matter. It is often used to describe a condition of stability or protection.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΣΦΑΛΗΣ, ΒΕΒΑΙΟΤΗΣ, ΠΙΣΤΙΣ
G2249
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: HAY-mas
Translations: us
Notes: This word is the first-person plural pronoun 'we' in the accusative case. It is used to indicate the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions, meaning 'us'. For example, 'He saw us' or 'They spoke to us'.
Inflection: First-person, Plural, Accusative
G2607
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kah-tah-FYOO-gon-tas
Translations: having fled for refuge, having taken refuge, having sought refuge
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'καταφεύγω', meaning 'to flee for refuge' or 'to take refuge'. It describes an action of seeking safety or shelter, often by fleeing to a specific place or person. As a participle, it functions adjectivally or adverbially, describing someone who has performed this action.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Accusative, Plural
Synonyms: ΦΕΥΓΩ, ΠΡΟΣΦΕΥΓΩ
G3340
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: meh-tah-no-EIN
Translations: to repent, to change one's mind, to feel remorse, to turn from sin
Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from 'μετά' (meta), meaning 'with' or 'after', and 'νοέω' (noeo), meaning 'to perceive' or 'to think'. Together, it signifies a change of mind or purpose, often implying a turning away from past actions or beliefs, particularly from sin. It is commonly used in a religious context to describe a spiritual transformation or a turning back to God.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΜΕΤΑΜΕΛΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ΜΕΤΑ (meta), meaning 'with' or 'after', and the verb ΝΟΕΩ (noeo), meaning 'to perceive, to think, to understand'. The combination suggests a change in one's way of thinking or understanding.
G3982
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: pice-THEN-tos
Translations: having been persuaded, having been convinced, having obeyed, of one who has been persuaded, of one who has been convinced, of one who has obeyed
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ΠΕΙΘΩ' (peithō), meaning 'to persuade' or 'to convince'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. 'ΠΕΙΣΘΕΝΤΟΣ' specifically indicates someone who has been persuaded, convinced, or has obeyed. It is often used to describe a state or condition resulting from a past act of persuasion or obedience.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΠΕΠΟΙΘΟΤΟΣ, ΠΕΠΕΙΣΜΕΝΟΥ
Etymology: The word 'ΠΕΙΘΩ' comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to bind, to tie, to persuade'. It is related to concepts of trust, faith, and obedience.
G4128
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PLAY-thooss
Translations: of a multitude, of a crowd, of a great number, of a throng, of a quantity, of a great amount, of a fullness, of a great company
Notes: This word refers to a large number or quantity of people or things, a multitude, or a crowd. It can also denote a great amount or fullness. It is used to describe a large gathering of people or a significant quantity of something.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΧΛΟΣ, ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΠΛΗΡΩΜΑ
Etymology: From the root *pleth-, related to the idea of being full or abundant. It is connected to the Proto-Indo-European root *pleh₁- meaning 'to fill'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toys
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: ΤΟΙΣ is the dative plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, but specifically indicates the indirect object or the recipient of an action, or location/instrument when used with a dative noun. It can be used with masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns in the plural.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into the definite article in Greek.
G2240
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EE-koo-sin
Translations: they came, they arrived, they have come, they have arrived
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to come' or 'to arrive'. It is used to describe the action of people or things moving towards a particular place or state. In this form, it indicates that a group of people 'came' or 'arrived'.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Indicative, Aorist, Active
Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΑΡΑΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- 'to follow'. In ancient Greek, it developed the meaning of 'to have come, to be present, to arrive'.
G0435
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: AHN-drah-sin
Translations: to men, for men, to husbands, for husbands, men, husbands
Notes: This word is a noun referring to a man, a male human being, or a husband. It is used here in the dative plural, indicating the indirect object of an action, meaning 'to' or 'for' multiple men or husbands. It can also simply be translated as 'men' or 'husbands' depending on the context.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΙΣ, ΑΡΡΕΣΙΝ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.
G4914
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: soo-NAY-thay
Translations: accustomed, familiar, intimate, usual, customary, a familiar, an intimate
Notes: This word describes something or someone that is accustomed, familiar, or intimate. It can refer to a habit or custom that is common, or to a person who is a close friend or associate. For example, it might describe a usual practice or a familiar companion.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΙΚΕΙΟΣ, ΕΝΔΗΜΟΣ, ΕΘΙΜΟΣ
Etymology: From σύν (syn), meaning 'with', and ἔθος (ethos), meaning 'custom' or 'habit'. It refers to something that is 'with custom' or 'in habit'.
G1254
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: dee-AH-ee-tan
Translations: way of life, manner of living, dwelling, abode, a way of life, a manner of living, a dwelling, an abode
Notes: This word refers to a way of life, a manner of living, or a dwelling place. It can describe someone's habits, customs, or the place where they reside. In a sentence, it might be used to describe someone's lifestyle or their home.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΒΙΟΣ, ΚΑΤΟΙΚΙΑ, ΟΙΚΗΜΑ
G0537
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-PAN-tah
Translations: all, every, the whole, all things, everything
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all' or 'every'. It can refer to a complete group or quantity. It is often used to emphasize the totality of something, such as 'all people' or 'all time'. When used in the neuter plural, it can be translated as 'all things' or 'everything'.
Inflection: Accusative, Masculine or Feminine, Plural; or Nominative or Accusative, Neuter, Singular or Plural
Synonyms: ΠΑΣ, ΟΛΟΣ, ΣΥΜΠΑΣ
Etymology: The word ΑΠΑΣ (apas) is a compound word formed from the prefix Α- (a-), meaning 'together' or 'completely', and ΠΑΣ (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'.
G3930
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: par-EI-khon
Translations: they were providing, they were offering, they were supplying, they were presenting, they were giving, they were showing
Notes: This word describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, meaning 'to provide', 'to offer', 'to supply', or 'to present'. It indicates that a group of people was continuously or habitually giving, furnishing, or making something available. It can also mean to show or exhibit something.
Inflection: 3rd Person Plural, Imperfect, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΠΑΡΑΣΧΩ, ΠΡΟΣΦΕΡΩ
G1131
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: DAP-see-lohs
Translations: abundantly, liberally, bountifully, generously
Notes: This word describes an action performed in a plentiful, generous, or lavish manner. It emphasizes the ample supply or unreserved giving of something. For example, one might give money or blessings abundantly.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΛΟΥΣΙΩΣ, ΑΦΘΟΝΩΣ, ΠΟΛΥ
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