The Life of Flavius Josephus Chapter 74, Interlinear version from Life of Flavius Josephus, The (Beta)

Notes: This word is a preposition that can also function as an adverb. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it usually means 'after' or 'behind' (indicating sequence or pursuit). It can also denote a change of state or position.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases)

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'μετά' (meta) comes from Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is related to English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G1161

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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

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Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: oo-es-pa-see-AH-nos

Translations: Vespasian

Notes: This word refers to Vespasian, a Roman emperor who reigned from 69 to 79 AD. He was the founder of the Flavian dynasty and is known for restoring stability to the Roman Empire after the civil war that followed Nero's death. He is often mentioned in historical texts concerning the Jewish-Roman wars, as he was a general leading the Roman forces before becoming emperor.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: This is a transliteration of the Latin name 'Vespasianus', which was the cognomen of the Roman emperor.

G1519

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G2532

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G4862

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: soon

Translations: with, together with, along with

Notes: ΣΥΝ is a preposition that typically takes the dative case, meaning 'with' or 'together with', indicating association, accompaniment, or union. It is also very commonly used as a prefix in compound words, where it conveys the idea of 'togetherness', 'union', 'completion', or 'joint action'. For example, 'συντρίβω' (syntribo) means 'to break together' or 'to crush', and 'συνκαίω' (synkaio) means 'to burn together'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.

Synonyms: ΜΕΤΑ, ΟΜΟΥ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kom, meaning 'with' or 'beside'. It is cognate with Latin 'cum' and English 'co-' or 'con-'.

G0846

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Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G0935

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: bah-see-LEHFS

Translations: king, a king, ruler, sovereign

Notes: This word refers to a king or a ruler, someone who holds supreme authority over a territory or people. It is commonly used to denote a monarch or sovereign. In a sentence, it would function as a noun, often as the subject or object, indicating the person in power.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ

Etymology: From an uncertain root, possibly related to a word meaning 'base' or 'foundation', suggesting one who stands at the foundation of power or authority. It has been used since ancient Greek times to refer to a monarch.

G0067

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Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ah-GRIP-pahs

Translations: Agrippa

Notes: Agrippa is a Roman personal name, often associated with members of the Herodian dynasty who ruled over parts of Judea. It refers to several historical figures, most notably Herod Agrippa I and Herod Agrippa II, both of whom are mentioned in the New Testament. The name signifies a person of Roman origin or influence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Agrippa is of Latin origin, derived from 'Agrippa', a Roman cognomen. It was traditionally given to children born feet first (breech birth).

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G2564

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: kah-LOON-tes

Translations: calling, inviting, summoning, naming, those calling, they who call

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'καλέω' (kaleō), meaning 'to call' or 'to invite'. As a participle, it functions like both a verb and an adjective, describing an action that is ongoing or habitual. It can be translated as 'calling' or 'those who are calling', often referring to people who are in the act of calling, inviting, or summoning someone or something.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΚΑΛΟΥΝΤΕΣ, ΟΝΟΜΑΖΟΝΤΕΣ

Etymology: The word 'καλέω' (kaleō) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁-, meaning 'to shout, to call'. It is related to Latin calo ('to call out') and English 'hail'.

G4165

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: po-LEH-mee-on

Translations: enemy, hostile, an enemy, a hostile thing, adversary

Notes: This word describes something or someone that is hostile, adversarial, or an enemy. It is often used to refer to an opponent in conflict or someone who is unfriendly. It can be used substantively to mean 'an enemy' or 'an adversary'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΕΧΘΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙΚΕΙΜΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word comes from the Greek word πόλεμος (polemos), meaning 'war' or 'battle'. Thus, it refers to that which pertains to war or an enemy.

G1063

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Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G4765

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: strah-toh-peh-DAR-kheen

Translations: commander of the camp, a commander of the camp, captain of the guard, a captain of the guard, chief captain, a chief captain

Notes: This word refers to a commander of a military camp or a chief officer of the Praetorian Guard, often translated as 'captain of the guard' or 'commander of the camp'. It is a compound word derived from 'army' (στρατός), 'camp' (πέδον, related to 'ground'), and 'ruler' (ἄρχω). It describes a high-ranking military official responsible for the administration and command of a military encampment or a specific unit, such as the Praetorian Guard.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΧΙΛΙΑΡΧΟΣ, ΗΓΕΜΩΝ

G4277

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pro-de-DEH-koh-nai

Translations: to have betrayed, to have given up, to have handed over, to have delivered up

Notes: This word is the perfect active infinitive form of the verb προδίδωμι (prodidomi). It is a compound verb formed from πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'forth', and δίδωμι (didomi), meaning 'to give'. Therefore, it literally means 'to give forth' or 'to give over'. In context, it often carries the sense of betraying, abandoning, or delivering someone or something into the hands of another, implying a completed action. It can be used in various constructions, often with an accusative object.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΑΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΕΚΔΙΔΩΜΙ

Etymology: The word προδίδωμι (prodidomi) is a compound verb derived from the preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'forth', and the verb δίδωμι (didomi), meaning 'to give'. Its etymology reflects the action of 'giving forth' or 'giving over', which evolved to include the sense of betrayal.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G1722

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G2414

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Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: hee-eh-ro-so-LY-moys

Translations: (to) Jerusalem, (in) Jerusalem, (at) Jerusalem

Notes: This word refers to the city of Jerusalem, a significant city in ancient Israel and a central location in many biblical narratives. It is used here in the dative case, indicating location or direction, such as 'in Jerusalem' or 'to Jerusalem'.

Inflection: Dative, Plural

Etymology: The name 'Jerusalem' is of Hebrew origin, meaning 'foundation of peace' or 'city of peace'. It is a compound word derived from 'yara' (to found, to lay a cornerstone) and 'shalom' (peace).

G2596

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

G3303

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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN

Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however

Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.

G5195

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-BREE-zoh-sin

Translations: to insult, to outrage, to treat with contempt, to abuse, to revile, to treat insolently, to treat despitefully

Notes: This word describes the act of treating someone with insolence, contempt, or abuse. It implies a sense of arrogance and a disregard for the dignity or rights of another person. It can be used in contexts where someone is being insulted, reviled, or subjected to violent or disrespectful treatment.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΠΗΡΕΑΖΩ, ΥΒΡΙΣΤΗΣ, ΚΑΚΟΛΟΓΕΩ

G0435

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: AN-dra

Translations: man, a man, husband, a husband

Notes: This word refers to a male human being, often specifically an adult male, or a husband. It is the accusative singular form of the noun 'ἈΝΗΡ' (anēr), meaning 'man' or 'husband'. It is used when the man or husband is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.

Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ, ΑΝΗΡ

Etymology: The word 'ἈΝΗΡ' (anēr) comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that also refer to a male human being.

G4514

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: roh-MAI-oys

Translations: (to) Romans, (to) the Romans

Notes: This word refers to the people of Rome or the Roman Empire. It is used to indicate a group of people who are Romans, often in the context of their nationality or political affiliation. In this inflected form, it indicates the indirect object of an action, meaning 'to the Romans' or 'for the Romans'.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine

Etymology: From Ρώμη (Rhōmē), meaning 'Rome', referring to the city and empire. The suffix -αιος (-aios) is used to form adjectives or nouns denoting origin or belonging.

G5384

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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: FEE-lon

Translations: dear, beloved, friendly, a friend, a dear one, a loved one

Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'dear,' 'beloved,' or 'friendly,' or as a noun meaning 'friend' or 'loved one.' It describes someone or something that is cherished or held in affection. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, indicating a close relationship or value. As a noun, it refers to a person with whom one has a bond of affection.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΓΑΠΗΤΟΣ, ΕΥΝΟΥΣ

G5258

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-pex-ON-tah

Translations: to withdraw, to remove, to take away, to lead away, to escape, to be about to withdraw, to be about to remove, to be about to take away, to be about to lead away, to be about to escape

Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'ὑπεξάγω' (hypexagō), which means to withdraw, to remove, or to lead away. In this specific form, it indicates an action that is about to happen, suggesting someone or something is about to withdraw or escape. It implies a future action of removal or departure.

Inflection: Future Active Participle, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ΑΝΑΧΩΡΕΩ, ΕΚΦΕΥΓΩ

Etymology: The word 'ὑπεξάγω' (hypexagō) is a compound verb formed from 'ὑπό' (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'from under', 'ἐκ' (ek), meaning 'out of', and 'ἄγω' (agō), meaning 'to lead' or 'to bring'. Thus, it literally means 'to lead out from under'.

G4012

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

G4238

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Part of Speech: Participle, Noun

Sounds like: pep-rag-MEH-non

Translations: (of) things done, (of) deeds, (of) actions, (of) accomplishments

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the perfect passive participle of the verb 'πράσσω' (prassō), meaning 'to do' or 'to accomplish'. It refers to things that have been done or accomplished, often translated as 'deeds' or 'actions'. It functions as a noun in this form, indicating possession or relation to these completed actions.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter, Perfect, Passive, Participle

Synonyms: ΕΡΓΩΝ, ΠΟΙΗΜΑΤΩΝ

G5376

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Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: PHI-lip-pos

Translations: Philip

Notes: This is a masculine proper name, commonly translated as Philip. It refers to several individuals in ancient history, including apostles, kings, and other notable figures. It is used in sentences as the subject of a verb or as a direct object, depending on its case.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Φίλιππος (Philippos) is of Greek origin, derived from the words φίλος (philos), meaning 'friend' or 'lover', and ἵππος (hippos), meaning 'horse'. Thus, it literally means 'lover of horses' or 'fond of horses'.

G3706

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: OP-sin

Translations: sight, appearance, face, a sight, an appearance, a face

Notes: This word refers to the act of seeing, the faculty of sight, or the visible appearance of something. It can denote a vision, a physical appearance, or even the face or countenance of a person. It is used to describe what is seen or perceived.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΩΠΟΝ, ΕΙΔΟΣ, ΘΕΑ

Etymology: The word ὄψις (opsis) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *okʷ- meaning 'to see'. It is related to other Greek words concerning sight and vision.

G2638

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-lah-BOHN

Translations: having taken hold of, having seized, having apprehended, having overtaken, having understood, having perceived, having attained

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'katalambanō', meaning to take hold of, seize, apprehend, overtake, or understand. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. It can indicate the means by which something happens, the cause, or simply a preceding action. Its meaning can vary depending on the context, ranging from physical capture to mental comprehension.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΣΥΝΙΗΜΙ

G2078

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ES-kha-toys

Translations: to the last, at the last, in the last, to the outermost, at the outermost, in the outermost, to the extreme, at the extreme, in the extreme

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'last', 'outermost', or 'extreme'. It is often used to describe something that is at the end of a sequence, the furthest point, or the most intense degree. It can refer to time (the last days), place (the outermost parts), or rank (the lowest or highest position).

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ὙΣΤΕΡΟΣ, ΤΕΛΕΥΤΑΙΟΣ

G5607

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ON-tah

Translations: being, existing, things that are, beings, real things

Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It describes something that is or exists. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, indicating a state of being or existence. It can refer to 'those who are' or 'things that are', depending on the context and gender.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter Plural; or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine, Plural

Synonyms: ὙΠΑΡΧΟΝΤΑ, ΓΙΝΟΜΕΝΑ

Etymology: The word εἰμί (eimi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁es- meaning 'to be'. It is a fundamental verb in many Indo-European languages.

G1223

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: dee-AH

Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G1709

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: em-pe-SOO-sas

Translations: of those falling into, of those rushing upon, of those becoming involved in, of those ensuing, of those occurring

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ἐμπίπτω' (empíptō), meaning 'to fall into', 'to rush upon', or 'to become involved in'. As a participle, it describes an action or state, functioning like an adjective or adverb. In this form, it refers to multiple feminine subjects who are performing the action of falling into or becoming involved in something, often implying an unexpected or forceful entry.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Feminine, Aorist Active Participle

Synonyms: ΠΙΠΤΩ, ΕΠΙΠΤΩ, ΠΡΟΣΠΙΠΤΩ

G5016

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: tah-RAH-khas

Translations: troubles, disturbances, commotions, agitations, disorders, a trouble, a disturbance

Notes: This word refers to a state of agitation, confusion, or disorder. It describes a disturbance, whether physical, emotional, or social. It is often used in the plural to denote multiple instances of trouble or unrest.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΘΟΡΥΒΟΣ, ΣΥΓΧΥΣΙΣ, ΑΚΑΤΑΣΤΑΣΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΤΑΡΑΧΗ (tarachē) comes from the verb ΤΑΡΑΣΣΩ (tarassō), meaning 'to stir up, trouble, disturb'. It describes the result or state of being stirred up.

G1748

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: em-PHOO-lee-on

Translations: civil, internal, domestic

Notes: This adjective describes something that is internal, domestic, or related to a civil conflict. It is often used to refer to wars or conflicts that occur within a single nation or community, as opposed to external conflicts with other nations. For example, it can describe a 'civil war' or 'internal strife'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΕΙΟΣ, ΕΝΔΟΘΕΝ

Etymology: The word ἘΜΦΥΛΙΟΣ (emphylios) is derived from the prefix ἐν (en), meaning 'in' or 'among', and the root φῦλον (phylon), meaning 'tribe, race, clan'. Thus, it literally means 'among the same tribe/race', referring to something internal or domestic.

G5290

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-pes-TREP-seh

Translations: he returned, he turned back

Notes: This word means 'he returned' or 'he turned back'. It describes the action of someone going back to a place or condition they were in before. It is used to indicate a completed action in the past.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΕΠΕΣΤΡΕΨΕΝ, ΑΝΕΣΤΡΕΨΕΝ

Etymology: The word Ὑποστρέφω is a compound verb formed from the preposition ὑπό (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'back', and the verb στρέφω (strephō), meaning 'to turn'. Thus, it literally means 'to turn back' or 'to return'.

G4314

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G1893

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEI

Translations: since, because, for, when, after, inasmuch as

Notes: This word functions as a conjunction or adverb, introducing a clause that provides a reason, cause, or time. As a conjunction, it can mean 'since' or 'because' when indicating a cause, or 'when' or 'after' when indicating time. As an adverb, it can mean 'for' or 'inasmuch as'. It often introduces a dependent clause that explains the main clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΚΑΘΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙΔΗ

Etymology: From the preposition ἐπί (epi, 'upon, on') and the particle εἰ (ei, 'if'). It originally meant 'upon the condition that' or 'when'.

G4410

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Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ptoh-leh-MAH-ee-dah

Translations: Ptolemais

Notes: Ptolemais is the name of an ancient city, located on the coast of Phoenicia (modern-day Acre, Israel). It was a significant port city in the Hellenistic and Roman periods. It is used in sentences to refer to the city itself, often as a destination or location.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The name Ptolemais is derived from the Greek personal name Ptolemy (Πτολεμαῖος), a common name among the Hellenistic kings of Egypt, particularly Ptolemy II Philadelphus, who refounded and renamed the city.

G4413

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PRO-toy

Translations: first, foremost, chief, the first, the foremost, the chief, (to) the first, (to) the foremost, (to) the chief

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'first' in order, time, or importance. It can refer to the initial position, the earliest occurrence, or the highest rank. When used substantively, it refers to 'the first ones' or 'the chief ones'. It is often used to describe leaders or those who hold a prominent position.

Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Nominative or Dative

Synonyms: ΠΡΩΤΙΣΤΟΣ, ΠΡΩΤΕΥΣ

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G3588, G3778

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G3754

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G3860

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pah-reh-DOH-ken

Translations: handed over, delivered, gave up, betrayed, committed, entrusted

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΠΑΡΑ (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and the verb ΔΙΔΩΜΙ (didomi), meaning 'to give'. It generally means to hand something over to someone, to deliver, or to give up. Depending on the context, it can also mean to betray someone, to commit something to someone's care, or to entrust. It is often used in the sense of delivering someone into custody or handing over a tradition.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΕΠΙΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΜΙ

G3767

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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OON

Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.

G2849

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Part of Speech: Participle, Verb

Sounds like: koh-las-thee-SOH-meh-non

Translations: about to be punished, that which is to be punished, to be punished

Notes: This word is a future passive participle derived from the verb 'κολάζω' (kolazo), meaning 'to punish' or 'to chastise'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing something that is 'about to be punished' or 'destined for punishment'. It indicates an action that will happen to the subject, rather than an action performed by the subject.

Inflection: Future Passive Participle, Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΤΙΜΩΡΗΘΗΣΟΜΕΝΟΝ, ΕΚΔΙΚΗΘΗΣΟΜΕΝΟΝ

Etymology: The word κολάζω (kolazo) comes from κόλος (kolos), meaning 'curtailed' or 'maimed'. The original sense was to prune or cut back, then to check or restrain, and finally to punish or chastise.

G5259

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-POH

Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.

G5264

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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: hoo-po-teh-LOHN

Translations: of those subject to tribute, of tributaries, of subjects, of those under authority

Notes: This word describes someone or something that is subject to tribute, tax, or authority. It refers to individuals or groups who are under the control or jurisdiction of another, often implying an obligation to pay taxes or provide service. In the provided examples, it functions as a noun, referring to 'those who are subject' or 'tributaries'.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΥΠΗΚΟΟΣ, ΥΠΟΤΑΚΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ὙΠΟΤΕΛΗΣ (hypotelēs) is a compound word formed from the preposition ὙΠΟ (hypo), meaning 'under', and the verb ΤΕΛΕΩ (teleō), meaning 'to complete, to pay, to perform'. Thus, it literally means 'under obligation to pay' or 'subject to completion/payment'.

G1210

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-DEH-sen

Translations: he bound, he tied, he imprisoned, he put in chains

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'δέω' (deō), meaning 'to bind,' 'to tie,' or 'to imprison.' It describes an action completed in the past by a single subject, indicating that 'he' or 'she' bound, tied, or imprisoned something or someone.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΔΕΩ, ΚΑΤΑΔΕΩ, ΔΕΣΜΕΥΩ

Etymology: The word 'δέω' (deō) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to tie' or 'to bind.' It is related to words in other Indo-European languages with similar meanings.

G1943

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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: eh-pee-KROOP-sah-meh-nos

Translations: having hidden, having concealed, concealing, covering up

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to hide' or 'to conceal'. It describes an action of hiding or covering up something, often indicating that the subject has already performed this action or is performing it concurrently with another action. It implies a deliberate act of keeping something secret or out of sight.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΚΡΥΠΤΩ, ἈΠΟΚΡΥΠΤΩ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙΚΡΥΠΤΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'over', and the verb ΚΡΥΠΤΩ (krypto), meaning 'to hide' or 'to conceal'.

G3778

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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that

Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.

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Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: oo-es-pa-see-a-NON

Translations: Vespasian

Notes: This word refers to Vespasian, a Roman Emperor who reigned from 69 to 79 AD. He was a significant figure in Roman history, particularly known for his role in the Jewish-Roman War and for founding the Flavian dynasty. The form given is the accusative singular, indicating that he is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition that takes the accusative case.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: The name "Vespasian" is of Latin origin, derived from the Roman family name Vespasianus. It is a cognomen, a type of surname used in ancient Rome.

G5613

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G0509

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Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: ah-no-TEH-roh

Translations: above, higher, upward, further up, previously, before

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'above' or 'higher'. It can refer to a physical location that is elevated, or it can refer to something mentioned previously in a text or discourse, meaning 'as mentioned above' or 'earlier'. It is the comparative form of the adverb 'ἈΝΩ' (ano), meaning 'up' or 'upwards'.

Inflection: Comparative Adverb, Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΝΩ, ΕΠΑΝΩ, ΥΠΕΡΑΝΩ

Etymology: From the adverb ἈΝΩ (ano), meaning 'up' or 'upwards'. The suffix -τερω indicates a comparative degree, similar to '-er' in English.

G1213

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: deh-dee-LOH-kah-men

Translations: we have shown, we have declared, we have made clear, we have made known

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to show', 'to declare', 'to make clear', or 'to make known'. It describes an action that was completed in the past and whose results continue into the present. It is used to state that a group of people (we) have already revealed or explained something.

Inflection: First Person Plural, Perfect Active Indicative

Synonyms: ΦΑΝΕΡΟΩ, ΔΕΙΓΝΥΜΙ, ΑΠΟΚΑΛΥΠΤΩ

Etymology: The word δηλόω (dēloō) comes from the adjective δῆλος (dēlos), meaning 'visible' or 'clear'.

G5221

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Part of Speech: Verb Participle

Sounds like: hoo-pan-TEE-san-tes

Translations: having met, having gone to meet, having encountered

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having met' or 'having gone to meet'. It describes an action that occurred prior to the main verb in the sentence, often indicating the cause or circumstance of the main action. It is typically used to describe people coming face-to-face with someone or something.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΝΤΑΩ, ΑΠΑΝΤΑΩ

Etymology: The word ΥΠΑΝΤΑΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΥΠΟ (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'towards', and ΑΝΤΑΩ (antaō), meaning 'to meet' or 'to come opposite to'.

G0782

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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: as-pa-SAH-me-noy

Translations: having greeted, having embraced, having saluted, having welcomed

Notes: This is a participle derived from the verb 'aspazomai', meaning 'to greet' or 'to embrace'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred, often functioning like an adjective or adverb. It indicates that the subjects performed the action of greeting or embracing. For example, 'having greeted one another, they departed'.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ΧΑΙΡΕΤΙΖΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΥΝΕΩ

Etymology: The word 'aspazomai' is believed to be derived from 'a-' (intensive prefix) and 'spao' (to draw, to pull), suggesting an action of drawing someone close, hence to embrace or greet.

G0305

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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ah-nah-BAN-tes

Translations: having gone up, having ascended, having come up, having climbed, having embarked

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'anabainō', meaning 'to go up' or 'to ascend'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. It is often used to describe people who have gone up to a higher place, such as a city, a mountain, or a ship. It can also refer to coming up from a lower place, like out of water.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΝΕΛΘΟΝΤΕΣ, ΑΝΙΟΝΤΕΣ

G3326

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G1902

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: eh-POH-meh-noo

Translations: following, accompanying, attending, of following, of accompanying, of attending

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'epomai', meaning 'to follow' or 'to accompany'. It describes someone or something that is in the act of following or accompanying another. It can be used to indicate a consequence or result, or simply to describe someone who is a follower or attendant.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Masculine or Neuter, Singular, Genitive

Synonyms: ΑΚΟΛΟΥΘΟΥΝΤΟΣ, ΣΥΝΟΔΕΥΟΝΤΟΣ

G0891

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: AKH-ree

Translations: until, up to, as far as, while, unto, even to

Notes: This word functions as a preposition, conjunction, or adverb, indicating a limit in time or space. As a preposition, it means 'until' or 'up to' and is typically followed by the genitive case. As a conjunction, it means 'until' or 'while', introducing a clause that specifies a time limit. As an adverb, it can mean 'even to' or 'as far as'. It denotes a point or period that something reaches or continues.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΕΧΡΙ, ΕΩΣ, ΑΧΡΙΣ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the Greek word ἄκρος (akros), meaning 'highest' or 'extreme', suggesting a sense of reaching a limit or extremity.

G3588, G3739, G3778, G5101

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: HAYS

Translations: (of) the, (of) who, (of) which, (of) this, (of) that, (of) what

Notes: The word "ΗΣ" is a versatile form in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as the genitive singular for masculine and feminine nouns. It can be the genitive singular of the definite article 'the', indicating possession or relationship. It can also be the genitive singular of the relative pronoun 'who/which', connecting clauses, or the demonstrative pronoun 'this/that', pointing to something specific. Additionally, it can be the genitive singular of the interrogative pronoun 'what/who', used in questions.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine

G5100

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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE-nah

Translations: who, what, which, some, any, a certain one, something, anything

Notes: ΤΙΝΑ is an inflected form of the pronoun/adjective ΤΙΣ. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', 'anything', 'a certain one', or 'some'. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it is used in a question or a statement. It can function as both a pronoun standing alone or an adjective modifying a noun.

Inflection: Accusative Singular Masculine or Feminine, or Nominative/Accusative Plural Neuter

G1096

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-GEH-neh-toh

Translations: it happened, it came to pass, it became, it was, it came into being

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist indicative middle/passive of the verb γίνομαι (ginomai). It signifies an event that occurred or a state that came into existence in the past. It is frequently used to introduce a new event or development in a narrative, often translated as 'it happened' or 'it came to pass'. It can also describe something becoming or being made into something else.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ

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Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: GAH-rees

Translations: Garis

Notes: This word is a proper noun, referring to a specific place, likely a town or village. It appears in historical texts, such as those by Josephus, often in geographical contexts, indicating a location in Galilee. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'the village of Garis' or 'from Garis'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative

Etymology: The etymology of 'Garis' is not definitively known, but it is believed to be a place name of Aramaic or Hebrew origin, common for geographical locations in the Galilee region.

G2968

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KOH-main

Translations: village, a village

Notes: This word refers to a village or a small town, typically an unfortified settlement smaller than a city. It is used to denote a rural community or a collection of dwellings outside of a major urban center. In a sentence, it would often be used to indicate a destination or location, such as 'they went to the village' or 'he lived in a village'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΙΣ, ΧΩΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'settlement' or 'unfortified dwelling'. It is related to Latin 'pagus' (country district, village) and English 'home'.

G4160

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-poy-AY-sah-toh

Translations: made, did, performed, accomplished, produced, caused, made for himself, did for himself

Notes: This is an inflected form of the verb 'ποιέω' (poieō), meaning 'to make' or 'to do'. In the middle voice, as seen here, it often implies that the action is done by the subject for themselves, or for their own benefit, or that the subject is involved in the result of the action. It can be used in various contexts, such as making something, performing an action, or causing an event.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

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Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-oh-TAH-pah-tah

Translations: Jotapata

Notes: Jotapata was a fortified city in Galilee, a region in ancient Israel. It is historically significant for the siege it endured during the First Jewish-Roman War (66-73 AD), as described by the historian Josephus, who commanded the Jewish forces there. It is always used to refer to this specific location.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Genitive (depending on context, e.g., ἸΩΤΑΠΑΤΑΝ is accusative, ἸΩΤΑΠΑΤΑ is nominative, ἸΩΤΑΠΑΤΑΣ is genitive)

Etymology: The origin of the name 'Jotapata' is not definitively known, but it is a place name of ancient Semitic origin, likely pre-Greek.

G2198

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Part of Speech: Verb, Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ZOHN

Translations: living, alive, a living one, the living one

Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'ζάω' (zaō), meaning 'to live'. It describes someone or something that is currently living or alive. It can function as an adjective, modifying a noun (e.g., 'the living God'), or as a noun itself, referring to 'a living one' or 'the living one'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΕΜΨΥΧΟΣ, ΕΝΕΡΓΗΣ

Etymology: The word 'ζάω' (zaō) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to live'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that also refer to life or living.

G2983

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: leef-THAYS

Translations: having been taken, having been received, taken, received, seized, caught

Notes: This word is a passive participle derived from the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. As a passive participle, it describes someone or something that has undergone the action of being taken or received. It functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb to indicate a completed action that was done to the subject. For example, it could describe 'the one who was taken' or 'having been taken, he went'.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΙΛΗΦΩΣ, ΔΕΔΕΓΜΕΝΟΣ

G3089

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-LOO-thayn

Translations: I was loosed, I was released, I was untied, I was destroyed, I was dissolved, I was set free

Notes: This is a verb form meaning 'I was loosed' or 'I was released'. It is the first person singular, aorist passive indicative of the verb ΛΥΩ (LYŌ), which means 'to loose, release, untie, destroy, dissolve, or set free'. This form indicates an action that happened in the past and was done to the subject ('I').

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Passive, Indicative

Synonyms: ἈΦΙΗΜΙ, ἈΠΟΛΥΩ, ΔΙΑΛΥΩ

G5037

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle

Sounds like: TEH

Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.

G0001

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-pang-GEL-kah

Translations: I have reported, I have announced, I have declared, I have told

Notes: This word is the first person singular perfect active indicative form of the verb ἀπαγγέλλω (apangellō). It means 'I have reported' or 'I have announced'. It describes an action that was completed in the past and whose results are still relevant in the present. It is often used to convey news or information that has been delivered.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular

Synonyms: ἈΝΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΕΥ̓ΑΓΓΕΛΙΖΩ

G0316

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-nang-KAI-on

Translations: necessary, important, essential, fitting, a necessary thing

Notes: This word describes something that is necessary, unavoidable, or indispensable. It can also refer to something that is proper, fitting, or closely related, such as a close friend or relative. It is often used impersonally to mean 'it is necessary' or 'it is important'.

Inflection: Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative; Singular; Neuter

Synonyms: ΧΡΗΣΙΜΟΣ, ἘΠΙΤΗΔΕΙΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΝΑΓΚΑΙΟΣ (anankaios) is derived from the noun ἈΝΑΓΚΗ (anankē), meaning 'necessity' or 'compulsion'. It describes that which pertains to or is caused by necessity.

G3633

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: OY-mahee

Translations: I think, I suppose, I imagine, I believe

Notes: This verb means 'to think', 'to suppose', 'to imagine', or 'to believe'. It is often used parenthetically in a sentence, similar to how one might say 'I think' or 'I suppose' in English to express an opinion or a less certain statement.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive

Synonyms: ΔΟΚΕΩ, ἩΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΝΟΜΙΖΩ

Etymology: The word Οἴομαι (oiomai) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the root *oi- meaning 'to think' or 'to suppose'.

G3745

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Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Relative Adjective

Sounds like: OH-sah

Translations: as many as, all that, whatever, how many, all things whatsoever, whatever things

Notes: This word is the neuter plural form of the relative pronoun/adjective ὅσος (hosos). It means 'as many as' or 'all that/which' and is used to introduce a relative clause, referring to an indefinite quantity or number of things. It can function as both a pronoun (e.g., 'whatever things') or an adjective (e.g., 'as many things as'). It can be used in both the nominative and accusative cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: PANTA, HAPAS

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun ὅδε (hode, 'this') and the interrogative pronoun τίς (tis, 'who? what?').

G3361

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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G0979

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: bee-OH

Translations: live, pass one's life, spend one's life

Notes: This word means to live, to pass one's life, or to spend one's life. It refers to the act of existing and conducting one's life. It is often used to describe the duration or manner of one's existence.

Inflection: First Person Singular, Present Active Subjunctive; or First Person Singular, Present Active Indicative (rare); or a component in compound words related to life.

Synonyms: ΖΑΩ, ΖΩΟΠΟΙΕΩ

Etymology: From the noun βίος (bios), meaning 'life'. The verb βιόω is derived from this noun, indicating the act of living.

G4394

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-an-ag-RAP-sai

Translations: to write in addition, to register in addition, to enroll in addition, to record in addition

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the root verb γράφω (to write) with the prefixes ἀνά (up, again) and πρός (to, toward, in addition). It means to write something down in addition to what has already been written, or to register/enroll someone or something as an addition to an existing list or record. It implies adding to a previously established document or record.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΕΓΓΡΑΦΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΑΤΑΓΡΑΦΩ

Etymology: The word is derived from the verb γράφω (graphō), meaning 'to scratch, engrave, write', combined with the prepositions ἀνά (aná), meaning 'up, again, back', and πρός (prós), meaning 'to, toward, in addition'.

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The Life of Flavius Josephus, Chapter 74

Interlinear version from Life of Flavius Josephus, The (Beta)

74:407

74:408

74:409

74:410

74:411

74:412

74:413

This interlinear database is in beta