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Interlinear version from Life of Flavius Josephus, The (Beta)
G1209
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: deh-KSAH-meh-noy
Translations: receiving, having received, accepting, having accepted, welcoming, having welcomed
Notes: This word is an aorist middle participle from the verb 'dechomai', meaning 'to receive' or 'to accept'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. It often implies a willing or active reception of something or someone. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'the men, having received the gifts, departed'.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΠΡΟΣΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΥΠΟΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ
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Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral
Sounds like: DEL-tah
Translations: Delta, four, 4
Notes: Δ (Delta) is the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet. In the Greek numeral system, it represents the number four. It is also used as a symbol in various contexts, including mathematics and science, though its primary function in Koine Greek texts is as a letter or a numeral.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The Greek letter Delta is derived from the Phoenician letter Dalet, which means 'door'.
G1565
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: eh-KAY-noy
Translations: those, they, them
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'those' or 'they'. It points to something or someone at a distance, distinguishing them from others. As a pronoun, it can stand alone to mean 'those ones' or 'they'. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, meaning 'those [nouns]'.
Inflection: Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΙ, ΑΥ̓ΤΟΙ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TANE
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.
G1992
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ep-is-toh-LEN
Translations: letter, an epistle, a letter, an epistle, a written message
Notes: This word refers to a written message, a letter, or an epistle. It is typically used to describe a communication sent from one person or group to another, often for official or personal purposes. It can be used in contexts such as sending a decree, a personal note, or a formal communication.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΓΡΑΜΜΑ, ΒΙΒΛΙΟΝ
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G5015
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: tah-rakh-THEN-tes
Translations: disturbed, troubled, agitated, stirred up, having been disturbed, those who were disturbed
Notes: This word is the masculine or neuter plural nominative or accusative (or feminine plural nominative) aorist passive participle of the verb 'ταράσσω' (tarassō). It describes someone or something that has been disturbed, troubled, or agitated by an external force. It can function adjectivally, meaning 'the disturbed ones,' or adverbially, indicating the state or cause of an action, such as 'having been disturbed.'
Inflection: Plural, Aorist, Passive, Participle, Masculine or Neuter (Nominative or Accusative), or Feminine (Nominative)
Synonyms: ΣΥΓΧΕΟΜΑΙ, ΘΟΡΥΒΕΟΜΑΙ, ΚΙΝΕΟΜΑΙ
G3780
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OOKH-ee
Translations: no, not at all, by no means, certainly not
Notes: This word is a strong negative adverb, meaning 'no' or 'not at all'. It is used to express a definite and emphatic denial, often in response to a question or to strongly contradict a statement. It is a more emphatic form of the negative particle οὐ (ou).
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΜΗ
Etymology: From οὐ (ou), meaning 'not', and the enclitic particle -χι (-chi), which adds emphasis. It is a more emphatic form of the simple negative particle.
G3357
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: meh-TREE-ohs
Translations: moderately, in moderation, reasonably, fairly, tolerably
Notes: This word describes an action or state that is done or exists in a moderate, reasonable, or tolerable degree. It implies a sense of balance, avoiding extremes, and can also suggest something that is just good enough or acceptable.
Inflection: Does not inflect (adverbial form of the adjective ΜΕΤΡΙΟΣ)
Synonyms: ΕΥΛΟΓΩΣ, ΕΠΙΕΙΚΩΣ
G3343
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: meh-tah-PEM-pon-tai
Translations: they send for, they summon, they send after
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition μετά (meta), meaning 'with' or 'after', and the verb πέμπω (pempō), meaning 'to send'. Together, it means 'to send for' or 'to summon'. It describes the action of causing someone or something to come to oneself, often by sending a messenger or an invitation.
Inflection: 3rd Person, Plural, Present, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice
Synonyms: ΚΑΛΕΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΑΛΕΩ, ΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: the
Notes: This word is the masculine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a particular masculine noun that is the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'he saw the man' or 'towards the God'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed to function as a marker of definiteness in Greek.
G2491
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ee-oh-AN-neen
Translations: John
Notes: This is a common proper name, equivalent to the English name John. It is used to refer to various individuals in the Bible, such as John the Baptist or the Apostle John. As an accusative case, it typically functions as the direct object of a verb.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOOS
Translations: the, them, those
Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).
G1537
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EK
Translations: out of, from, of
Notes: ἘΚ is a preposition meaning 'out of' or 'from,' indicating origin, source, or separation. It always governs the genitive case, meaning the noun or pronoun following it will be in the genitive form. It can also be used to express the cause or means by which something occurs.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἈΠΌ
Etymology: From a primary preposition, meaning 'out of' or 'from'. It is a fundamental word in Greek, indicating separation or origin.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: THAYS
Translations: of the
Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.
G1012
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: boo-LEES
Translations: of counsel, of purpose, of will, of plan, of advice, of deliberation
Notes: This word refers to a plan, purpose, or counsel. It can also mean a decision, a will, or advice. It is often used in contexts relating to divine or human intentions and deliberations. In the provided examples, it refers to a 'plan' or 'counsel'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΓΝΩΜΗ, ΣΥΜΒΟΥΛΙΑ, ΠΡΟΘΕΣΙΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G5087
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: tee-beh-ree-EH-ohn
Translations: of Tiberias, of the Tiberians, of the people of Tiberias
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of 'Τιβεριεύς' (Tiberieus), which means 'a Tiberian' or 'an inhabitant of Tiberias'. It refers to people from the city of Tiberias, located on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee. In a sentence, it would indicate possession or origin, such as 'the customs of the Tiberians' or 'the people of Tiberias'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
G5037
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle
Sounds like: TEH
Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.
G4409
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: proh-TEH-oo-ont-as
Translations: leading, chief, principal, foremost, prominent, the leading ones, the chief men
Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'πρωτεύω' (prōteuō), meaning 'to be first' or 'to hold the first place'. As a participle, it describes someone or something that is currently leading or holding a prominent position. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun (e.g., 'the leading man'), or substantively, acting as a noun itself (e.g., 'the leading ones' or 'the chief men'). In the provided context, it is used substantively in the accusative plural, referring to 'the leading ones' or 'the chief men'.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Accusative, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΡΩΤΟΣ, ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΑΡΧΩΝ
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: gah-bah-ROHN
Translations: Gabara
Notes: Gabara is a proper noun, referring to an ancient town or village in Galilee. It is mentioned in historical texts, particularly by Josephus, as a location in the region. In the provided context, it appears in a genitive form, indicating 'from Gabara' or 'of Gabara'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The name 'Gabara' is of Aramaic origin, likely meaning 'stronghold' or 'fortress'. It refers to a specific geographical location in ancient Galilee.
G1012
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: BOO-layn
Translations: counsel, a counsel, plan, a plan, purpose, a purpose, will, a will
Notes: This word refers to a counsel, plan, or purpose, often implying a deliberate decision or intention. It can be used to describe human plans or, frequently in the New Testament, the divine will or purpose of God. It is used in sentences to indicate the object of an action, such as 'to know the counsel' or 'to understand the plan'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΓΝΩΜΗ, ΣΥΜΒΟΥΛΙΑ, ΠΡΟΘΕΣΙΣ
Etymology: The word ΒΟΥΛΗ (boulē) comes from the verb βούλομαι (boulomai), meaning 'to will, to wish, to intend'. It refers to the act or result of willing or planning.
G4388
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pro-tee-THEH-a-sin
Translations: they set before, they propose, they display, they put forth, they present
Notes: This is a compound verb meaning to set something before someone, to propose an idea, or to display something publicly. It is used when a group of people are presenting or putting something forward.
Inflection: 3rd Person, Plural, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΠΡΟΒΑΛΛΩ, ΠΑΡΙΣΤΗΜΙ
G4648
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: skop-EYE-sthai
Translations: to look, to consider, to observe, to examine, to take heed, to beware
Notes: This word is a verb meaning to look, observe, or consider carefully. It implies a focused attention on something, often with the purpose of understanding, examining, or taking precautions. It can be used in contexts where one is urged to be watchful or to pay close attention to a situation or a person.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΟΡΑΩ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ
G2753
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: keh-LEH-on-tes
Translations: commanding, ordering, urging, bidding, telling
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'commanding' or 'ordering'. It describes an action that is ongoing or habitual. It is used to indicate someone who is giving an instruction or a directive to others.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΤΑΤΤΩ, ΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΤΩ, ΕΝΤΕΛΛΟΜΑΙ
G5101
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TEE
Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing
Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.
G4238
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Part of Speech: Verbal Adjective
Sounds like: prak-TEH-on
Translations: what must be done, to be done, necessary to do
Notes: This word is a verbal adjective (also known as a gerundive) derived from the verb 'πράσσω' (prassō), meaning 'to do' or 'to accomplish'. It indicates something that is necessary, obligatory, or proper to be done. It functions similarly to a passive participle but carries the sense of obligation or fitness.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΠΟΙΗΤΕΟΝ, ΕΡΓΑΣΤΕΟΝ
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ES-tin
Translations: is, a is
Notes: This word is the third person singular present indicative form of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It means 'he is', 'she is', 'it is', or 'there is'. It is used to express existence, identity, or a state of being, often linking a subject to a predicate. It can also imply 'exists' or 'happens'.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOYS
Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her
Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
G5085
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: tee-beh-ree-EHV-see
Translations: to Tiberians, for Tiberians
Notes: This word refers to the inhabitants of the city of Tiberias, located on the Sea of Galilee. It is used here in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, meaning 'to' or 'for' the Tiberians.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine
Etymology: The word ΤΙΒΕΡΙΕΥΣ is derived from the city name Τιβεριάς (Tiberias), which was named after the Roman Emperor Tiberius.
G3303
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: MEN
Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however
Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.
G3767
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: OON
Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed
Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.
G0472
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: an-TEKH-es-thai
Translations: to hold fast to, to cling to, to adhere to, to be devoted to, to support, to endure, to resist
Notes: This word is a verb meaning to hold fast to something, to cling to it, or to be devoted to it. It can also imply supporting or enduring something, or even resisting. It is often used in contexts where one maintains allegiance or commitment to a person, principle, or cause. It is a compound word formed from ἀντί (anti), meaning 'against' or 'in return for', and ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ἘΧΩ, ΚΡΑΤΕΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΟΛΛΑΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: The word ἀντέχομαι (antekhomai) is a compound verb derived from the preposition ἀντί (anti), meaning 'against' or 'in return for', and the verb ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It literally means 'to hold against' or 'to hold in return', evolving to signify holding fast to or being devoted to something.
G3123
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: MAHL-lon
Translations: more, rather, much more, especially
Notes: This word is a comparative adverb meaning 'more' or 'rather'. It is used to indicate a preference, a greater degree, or an intensification of something. It often appears in contexts where a comparison is being made, suggesting that one thing is true to a greater extent than another, or that one action is preferred over another. For example, it can mean 'more' in terms of quantity or intensity, or 'rather' when expressing a choice or preference.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΛΕΟΝ, ΜΑΛΙΣΤΑ
Etymology: ΜΑΛΛΟΝ is a comparative adverb derived from an obsolete positive form related to the concept of 'much' or 'very'. It functions as the comparative degree of this implied positive.
G1380
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-DOH-kay
Translations: it seemed, it appeared, it was thought, he seemed, she seemed, it was decided, it was pleasing
Notes: This word is the third person singular imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'δοκέω' (dokeō). It means 'to seem', 'to appear', or 'to be thought'. In the imperfect tense, it describes an action that was ongoing or repeated in the past, or a state that existed in the past. It can also convey the idea of something being decided or pleasing to someone.
Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΦΑΙΝΩ, ΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: The word δοκέω (dokeō) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *dek- which means 'to take, accept, receive'. Over time, its meaning evolved to 'to seem, to appear' in Greek, implying an acceptance or perception of something as true or apparent.
G4229
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PRAG-mah-ton
Translations: of things, of matters, of deeds, of affairs, of business, of facts, of objects, of circumstances
Notes: This word refers to things, matters, deeds, or affairs. It is often used in a general sense to denote a situation, an event, or a concrete object. It can also refer to business or legal matters. In the provided examples, it refers to 'evil things' or 'matters' in a general sense.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΡΓΩΝ, ΠΟΙΗΜΑΤΩΝ, ΥΠΑΡΧΟΝΤΩΝ
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OO
Translations: not, no
Notes: ΟΥ̓ is a negative particle used to express a factual negation. It typically negates verbs in the indicative mood, stating that something is not true or does not happen. It can also negate other parts of speech. When combined with ΜΉ (ou mē), it forms a very strong negation, meaning "by no means" or "never."
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ, ΟΥ̓Κ, ΟΥ̓ΧΊ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a fundamental negative particle in Greek.
G1163
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: DEIN
Translations: to be necessary, to be needful, to be proper, to be right, to be fitting, to be binding, to be obligatory, to be due, to be destined, to be fated, to be required, to be compelled, to be obliged, to need, to have to, must, ought
Notes: This is the present active infinitive form of the impersonal verb 'ΔΕΙ'. It means 'to be necessary' or 'it is necessary'. It is often used to express obligation, necessity, or what is proper or destined to happen. It typically takes an infinitive as its subject, indicating what must or ought to be done.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΧΡΗ, ΑΝΑΓΚΗ ΕΣΤΙΝ
G1063
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: gar
Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.
G5346
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-PHA-san
Translations: they said, they spoke
Notes: This word is the third person plural aorist indicative active form of the verb 'φημί' (phēmi), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It describes an action of speaking or saying that occurred in the past, completed at a specific point in time. It is commonly used to report what a group of people stated.
Inflection: Third person plural, Aorist, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΕΙΠΩΝ
G1459
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eng-ka-ta-LIP-es-thai
Translations: to abandon, to forsake, to leave behind, to desert
Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning to abandon, forsake, or leave behind. It is often used to describe leaving someone or something in a state of neglect or desertion. It combines the prefixes 'ἐν' (in, among), 'κατά' (down, against), and the verb 'λείπω' (to leave).
Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive Voice, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΑΦΙΗΜΙ, ΚΑΤΑΛΕΙΠΩ, ΛΕΙΠΩ
Etymology: The word is a compound of three elements: 'ἐν' (en), meaning 'in' or 'among'; 'κατά' (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against'; and 'λείπω' (leipo), meaning 'to leave'. The combination suggests a complete or thorough leaving behind.
G4172
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: POH-lin
Translations: city, a city
Notes: The word 'πόλιν' is the accusative singular form of the noun 'πόλις', meaning 'city'. It refers to a populated place, typically larger than a village, with a defined administrative structure. As an accusative case, it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions, indicating the destination or the object being acted upon. For example, one might 'go into the city' or 'see the city'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The word 'πόλις' comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to a fortified place or citadel. It developed to mean a city-state in ancient Greece, encompassing both the physical settlement and its citizens.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: of them, their, of themselves
Notes: This word is a pronoun indicating possession or relation, specifically for a group of people or things. It is used to mean 'of them' or 'their', often referring back to a previously mentioned plural noun or pronoun.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, All genders
G0530
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: AH-pax
Translations: once, once for all, at once, together, all at once
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'once' or 'once for all'. It emphasizes a single, decisive action that is completed and not to be repeated. It can also mean 'at once' or 'together' in certain contexts, indicating simultaneity.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΟΝΟΝ, ΕΦΑΠΑΞ
Etymology: From the Greek prefix ἀ- (a-), meaning 'one' or 'single', and πήγνυμι (pēgnumi), meaning 'to fix' or 'to make firm'. It conveys the idea of something being fixed or done 'once and for all'.
G1565
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: eh-KAY-noys
Translations: to those, for those, with those, by those, those
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'those' or 'that one' (when singular). In this inflected form, it is plural and in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action or a relationship of benefit or detriment. It can be translated as 'to those,' 'for those,' or 'with those,' depending on the context. It can refer to people or things previously mentioned or understood from the context.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓͂ΤΟΙ, ΑΥ̓ΤΟΙ
G4369
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: pros-teh-thee-MEH-neen
Translations: added, having been added, having been put to, a thing having been added
Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning "having been added" or "having been put to." It describes something that has undergone the action of being added or placed upon, with the result of that action still being relevant. It functions adjectivally, modifying a noun.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine, Perfect, Passive
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΚΕΙΜΕΝΗΝ, ΠΡΟΣΓΕΓΡΑΜΜΕΝΗΝ
G0243
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: AL-lohs
Translations: otherwise, differently, in another way, in other respects, in any other way
Notes: This adverb means 'otherwise' or 'in another way'. It is used to indicate a different manner, condition, or circumstance than what has been previously mentioned or implied. It can also mean 'in other respects' or 'at all'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΩΣ, ΑΛΛΑΧΗ
Etymology: Derived from the adjective ἄλλος (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another'.
G3361, G3366
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction
Sounds like: MAYD
Translations: not, lest, neither, nor, not even
Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express prohibition, a negative condition, or a negative wish. It often appears in conjunction with other words, such as in the compound word 'μηδέ' (neither, nor, not even) or 'μηδαμῶς' (by no means). It is used with the subjunctive mood to forbid an action or express a negative purpose. It can also indicate a negative consequence or a fear that something might happen.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥ, ΟΥΚ, ΟΥΧ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *meh₂- (not). It is a primary negative particle, expressing a subjective or conditional negation.
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-MOO
Translations: (of) me, my
Notes: This is the genitive case of the first-person singular pronoun 'I'. It indicates possession or origin, functioning similarly to 'of me' or 'my' in English. It is used to show that something belongs to the speaker or comes from the speaker.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, First Person
Synonyms: ΜΟΥ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is the first-person singular pronoun, indicating the speaker.
G3195
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: MEL-lon-tos
Translations: of (one) about to, of (one) going to, of the future, of (one) intending
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the present participle of the verb 'μέλλω'. It signifies something that is 'about to happen', 'going to be', or 'intended'. It often describes a future event or state, or a person/thing that is on the verge of doing something. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or substantively, acting as a noun itself (e.g., 'the one who is about to').
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Present Active Participle
Synonyms: ἘΣΟΜΕΝΟΥ, ΜΕΛΛΟΝΤΟΣ
G0568
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-fek-SEH-sthai
Translations: to abstain from, to keep oneself from, to hold oneself off
Notes: This word is a future middle infinitive of the verb ἀπέχω (apechō), meaning 'to abstain from' or 'to keep oneself from'. It is a compound word formed from ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from', and ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It is used to express the action of holding oneself away from something, often implying a deliberate act of refraining.
Inflection: Future, Middle, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΑΠΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩ
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TOO-toh
Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that
Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.
G5613
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition
Sounds like: OHS
Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that
Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.
G0546
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ee-pay-lee-KOH-toss
Translations: of having threatened, of one who has threatened, of threatening
Notes: This word is the perfect active participle, genitive singular, of the verb ἀπειλέω (apeileō), meaning 'to threaten' or 'to menace'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone who has performed the action of threatening. In the genitive case, it often indicates possession, origin, or the object of certain prepositions, so it would translate as 'of one who has threatened' or 'of having threatened'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Perfect Active Participle
Synonyms: ΦΟΒΕΩ, ΑΠΕΙΛΗ
G2680
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kah-tep-SEV-don-toh
Translations: they lied against, they bore false witness against, they falsely accused
Notes: This word describes the act of lying or bearing false witness against someone. It implies a deliberate and often malicious act of deception directed at another person. It is a compound word formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'against' or 'down upon,' and the verb ψεύδομαι (pseudomai), meaning 'to lie' or 'to deceive.'
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect Indicative, Middle Voice
Synonyms: ΨΕΥΔΟΜΑΙ, ΨΕΥΔΩ
Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΑΨΕΥΔΟΜΑΙ is a compound verb derived from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against,' and the verb ψεύδομαι (pseudomai), meaning 'to lie' or 'to deceive.' The root ψεύδομαι comes from an older Greek word related to deception.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter
Sounds like: OH
Translations: the, who, which, O
Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)
Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.
G2491
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ee-oh-AN-nays
Translations: John
Notes: This is a common male proper name of Hebrew origin, meaning 'Yahweh is gracious' or 'God is gracious'. It is used to refer to various individuals named John, such as John the Baptist or the Apostle John. It functions as the subject of a sentence.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Etymology: The name Ἰωάννης (Ioannes) is derived from the Hebrew name Yochanan (יוֹחָנָן), which means 'Yahweh is gracious'. It was a very common name in ancient Israel and continued to be popular in the Hellenistic and Roman periods.
G3440
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective
Sounds like: MO-non
Translations: only, alone, merely, a single, a solitary
Notes: This word can function as an adverb meaning 'only' or 'merely', indicating exclusivity or limitation. It can also be the neuter singular form of the adjective 'ΜΟΝΟΣ', meaning 'alone' or 'solitary', describing something as being by itself or unique. In its adverbial use, it often modifies verbs or clauses to emphasize that something is done exclusively or that a condition applies solely to one thing.
Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (as adjective); Does not inflect (as adverb)
Synonyms: ΜΟΝΩΣ, ΜΟΝΟΓΕΝΗΣ
G5124
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TOO-toys
Translations: (to) these, (for) these, (with) these, (by) these
Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective meaning 'this' or 'that'. It points to something specific, indicating 'these things' or 'these people'. As a dative case, it often indicates the indirect object of a verb, the recipient of an action, or the means/instrument by which something is done. It can be translated as 'to these', 'for these', 'with these', or 'by these', depending on the context.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
Synonyms: ΟΥ͂ΤΟΙ, ἘΚΕΊΝΟΙΣ
G4909
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: soon-ay-RES-keh-toh
Translations: was pleased with, was approving of, was agreeing with
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb 'ἀρέσκω' (areskō), meaning 'to please' or 'to be agreeable'. Therefore, 'συναρέσκω' means 'to be pleased with', 'to approve of', or 'to agree with' someone or something. It describes a state of being in agreement or finding something agreeable.
Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Middle/Passive Voice, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΕΥΔΟΚΕΩ, ΣΥΝΕΥΔΟΚΕΩ
G4198
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: por-yoo-THEE-nai
Translations: to go, to travel, to depart, to proceed
Notes: This word is an infinitive form of the verb 'to go' or 'to travel'. It describes the action of moving from one place to another, whether literally walking, journeying, or metaphorically proceeding in a certain direction or manner. It is often used to indicate a movement or a course of action.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΥΠΑΓΩ, ΒΑΙΝΩ
G1161
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: DEH
Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however
Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.
G4823
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: soon-eh-boo-LEH-oo-en
Translations: he was advising, he was counseling, he was consulting, he was deliberating
Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the prefix ΣΥΝ- (syn-), meaning "with" or "together," and the verb ΒΟΥΛΕΥΩ (bouleuo), meaning "to deliberate" or "to advise." Therefore, ΣΥΝΕΒΟΥΛΕΥΕΝ means "he was advising together," "he was counseling," or "he was deliberating with others." It describes an ongoing action of giving counsel or engaging in joint deliberation in the past.
Inflection: Third Person Singular, Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice
Synonyms: ΣΥΜΒΟΥΛΕΥΩ, ΠΑΡΑΚΑΛΕΩ, ΝΟΥΘΕΤΕΩ
G1417
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: DEE-oh
Translations: two
Notes: This word is a cardinal numeral meaning 'two'. It is used to indicate a quantity of two of something. It is indeclinable, meaning its form does not change regardless of gender, case, or number.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is cognate with English 'two'.
G2723
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: kah-tay-go-RAY-son-tas
Translations: accusing, those who accuse, to accuse
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to accuse'. It describes someone who is in the act of accusing or is destined to accuse. It functions like an adjective or a noun, indicating the one performing the action of accusation.
Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Accusative, Future Active Participle
Synonyms: ΕΓΚΑΛΟΥΝΤΑΣ, ΜΗΝΥΟΝΤΑΣ
G1700
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: moo
Translations: of me, my, mine
Notes: ΜΟΥ is the genitive singular form of the first-person personal pronoun, meaning "of me," "my," or "mine." It indicates possession or origin, similar to how "my" or "mine" is used in English. It can be used with nouns to show ownership (e.g., "my house") or with verbs to indicate the source or object of an action (e.g., "he heard of me").
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Common Gender
G4314
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PROSS
Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to
Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).
Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G4128
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PLAY-thoss
Translations: multitude, a multitude, crowd, a crowd, great number, abundance, a great number
Notes: This word refers to a large number or quantity of people or things. It can be used to describe a crowd of people, a large amount of something, or a general abundance. For example, it might refer to a large gathering of disciples or a great quantity of fish.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΧΛΟΣ, ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΑΓΕΛΗ
Etymology: From the Greek root *pleth-* meaning 'to be full' or 'to fill'. It is related to words indicating fullness or abundance.
G3754
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OH-tee
Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which
Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ
Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.
G3361
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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb
Sounds like: MAY
Translations: not, lest, no, do not
Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.
G2573
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: KAL-ohs
Translations: well, rightly, properly, honorably, commendably
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'well' or 'rightly'. It describes an action performed in a good, proper, or honorable manner. It can indicate that something is done correctly, skillfully, or in a way that is morally upright.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΥ, ΟΡΘΩΣ, ΚΑΛΩΣ
Etymology: The word ΚΑΛΩΣ is derived from the adjective ΚΑΛΟΣ (KALOS), meaning 'good' or 'beautiful'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.
G2596
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: KAH-tah
Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along
Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.
G1056
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: gah-li-LAI-an
Translations: Galilee
Notes: This word refers to Galilee, a significant region in northern ancient Israel. It is often used to indicate movement towards or into this region, or as the direct object of an action.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
G1302
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: dee-oy-KOH
Translations: administer, manage, govern, rule, direct, regulate
Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning to administer, manage, or govern. It describes the act of overseeing or directing affairs, whether of a city, a region, or a household. It can be used in contexts of political rule, economic management, or even divine providence.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular
Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩ, ΚΥΒΕΡΝΑΩ, ΠΟΛΙΤΕΥΩ
Etymology: ΔΙΟΙΚΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΔΙΑ (dia), meaning 'through' or 'across', and the verb ΟΙΚΩ (oiko), meaning 'to manage a house' or 'to dwell'. Thus, it literally means 'to manage through' or 'to administer thoroughly'.
G3982
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: PAY-seen
Translations: to persuade, to convince, to obey, to trust, to win over
Notes: This word is the future active infinitive form of the verb 'peithō'. It means 'to be about to persuade' or 'to intend to persuade'. In some contexts, it can also mean 'to be about to obey' or 'to be about to trust', as the verb 'peithō' can mean both to persuade and to be persuaded/obey, depending on the voice. It indicates an action of persuasion or obedience that is anticipated or intended.
Inflection: Future, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΠΕΙΘΩ, ΠΑΡΑΠΕΙΘΩ, ΠΡΟΤΡΕΠΩ
G4472
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: rah-DEE-ohs
Translations: easily, readily, quickly, without difficulty
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'easily' or 'readily'. It describes an action that is performed without much effort or resistance. For example, one might say something can be done 'easily' or 'without difficulty'. It can also imply 'quickly' in the sense of something being done without delay due to ease.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΥΚΟΛΩΣ, ΤΑΧΕΩΣ
Etymology: From the adjective ῥᾴδιος (rhadios), meaning 'easy' or 'ready'.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOOS
Translations: them, themselves, these, those
Notes: This word is the masculine accusative plural form of the pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos). It is used to refer to a group of male or mixed-gender individuals as the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition. It can mean 'them' or, when used emphatically, 'themselves'.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
G5346
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EH-fay
Translations: he said, she said, it said, he spoke, she spoke, it spoke
Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist indicative active form of the verb 'φημί' (phēmi), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to report what someone said or spoke in the past, often translated as 'he said' or 'she said'. It can be used in various contexts to introduce direct or indirect speech.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΕΙΠΕΝ
G1223
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: dee-AH
Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.
G0094
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ax-EE-oh-ma
Translations: dignity, a dignity, office, an office, position, a position, honor, an honor, decree, a decree, axiom, an axiom
Notes: This word refers to a position of honor, authority, or public office. It can also denote a recognized truth or principle, like an axiom in mathematics. It describes something considered worthy or valuable, often in the context of status or a formal declaration.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΤΙΜΗ, ΑΡΧΗ, ΔΟΞΑ
Etymology: The word ἈΞΙΩΜΑ is derived from the verb ἀξιόω (axioō), meaning 'to deem worthy' or 'to demand'. It relates to the concept of worthiness or value.
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-tos
Translations: (of) all, (of) every, (of) whole, (of) each
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the adjective 'ΠΑΣ' (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'. As a genitive form, it indicates possession or relationship, often translated with 'of'. It can refer to a part of a whole, or to the entirety of something. For example, 'of all things' or 'of every person'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G4128
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PLAY-thooss
Translations: of a multitude, of a crowd, of a great number, of a throng, of a quantity, of a great amount, of a fullness, of a great company
Notes: This word refers to a large number or quantity of people or things, a multitude, or a crowd. It can also denote a great amount or fullness. It is used to describe a large gathering of people or a significant quantity of something.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΧΛΟΣ, ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΠΛΗΡΩΜΑ
Etymology: From the root *pleth-, related to the idea of being full or abundant. It is connected to the Proto-Indo-European root *pleh₁- meaning 'to fill'.
G2117
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: yoo-TREP-tohs
Translations: readily, promptly, conveniently, suitably, fitly, properly
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'readily' or 'suitably'. It describes an action that is done in a prepared, convenient, or appropriate manner. It can be used to indicate that something is done with ease, promptness, or in a way that is well-arranged or fitting for the situation.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΥ̓ΚΑΙΡΩΣ, ΕΥ̓ΚΟΛΩΣ, ΕΤΟΙΜΩΣ
G2192
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: EH-khon-tos
Translations: of having, of possessing, of holding, of being, of having a, of possessing a, of holding a, of being a
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have', 'to hold', or 'to possess'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone or something that is in the act of having, holding, or being. In this genitive form, it often indicates possession or a characteristic of something, similar to 'of one who has' or 'of that which has'.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΚΕΚΤΗΜΕΝΟΣ, ΚΡΑΤΟΥΝΤΟΣ
G1380
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: dox-AN-tos
Translations: of having seemed, of having thought, of having appeared, of having been decided, of having been approved
Notes: This word is the genitive singular masculine, neuter, or feminine form of the aorist active participle of the verb 'δοκέω'. It describes something that has seemed, appeared, been thought, or been decided. It is often used to refer to something that has been resolved or approved, or to someone who has seemed or appeared in a certain way. As a genitive participle, it often functions adjectivally or substantively, indicating possession or relationship, or it can be used in a genitive absolute construction.
Inflection: Participle, Aorist, Active, Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΦΑΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΝΟΜΙΖΩ, ΚΡΙΝΩ
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G2491
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ee-oh-AN-noo
Translations: of John
Notes: This is the genitive form of the proper noun 'John'. It is a common name in the Bible, referring to several individuals, most notably John the Baptist and John the Apostle. It is used to indicate possession or origin, such as 'the son of John' or 'the Gospel of John'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Etymology: The name 'John' is derived from the Hebrew name Yochanan (יוחנן), meaning 'Yahweh is gracious' or 'God is gracious'. It was a very common name among Jews in the Second Temple period.
G2903
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: kra-TIS-teen
Translations: most excellent, a most excellent, most noble, most powerful
Notes: This word is the superlative form of an adjective, meaning 'most excellent,' 'most noble,' or 'most powerful.' It is used to describe someone or something that is superior in quality, rank, or strength. It often functions as a title of respect or honor, similar to 'most honorable' or 'excellency' when addressing a high-ranking official.
Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΡΙΣΤΟΣ, ΙΣΧΥΡΟΤΑΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΚΡΑΤΙΣΤΟΣ (kratistos) is derived from κράτος (kratos), meaning 'strength,' 'power,' or 'dominion.' It is the superlative form, indicating the highest degree of these qualities.
G1533
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ice-en-AY-no-khen-eye
Translations: to have brought in, to have led in, to have introduced, to have carried in, to have offered
Notes: This is the perfect active infinitive form of the verb εἰσφέρω (eisphero), meaning 'to bring in' or 'to lead in'. It describes an action that was completed in the past and whose results are still relevant in the present, presented as an infinitive (a verbal noun). It can be used in various constructions, often after verbs of thinking, saying, or commanding, to express the idea of having performed the action of bringing or leading something in.
Inflection: Perfect, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΕΙΣΑΓΩ, ΕΙΣΚΟΜΙΖΩ
G1106
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: gno-MAYNE
Translations: opinion, a opinion, judgment, a judgment, purpose, a purpose, counsel, a counsel, decision, a decision, mind, a mind, will, a will
Notes: This word refers to a thought, judgment, or decision. It can denote a personal opinion, a considered judgment, a deliberate purpose, or a formal decision or counsel. It is used to express what someone thinks or intends.
Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Feminine
Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΗ, ΚΡΙΣΙΣ, ΔΟΚΙΜΗ
G1380
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-DOX-eh
Translations: it seemed, it was decided, it pleased, it seemed good
Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'δοκέω'. It is often used impersonally, meaning 'it seemed' or 'it was decided', especially in the sense of a decision or a judgment that was made. It can also convey the idea of something being pleasing or appearing good to someone.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΦΑΙΝΩ, ΚΡΙΝΩ
Etymology: The word 'δοκέω' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *dek-, meaning 'to take, accept, receive'. It developed in Greek to refer to what seems or appears to be the case, and then to what is decided or thought to be good.
G0565
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-pee-EH-nai
Translations: to go away, to depart, to leave, to go off
Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'ἀπεῖμι', meaning 'to go away' or 'to depart'. It describes the action of moving from one place to another, specifically leaving a location. It can be used in various contexts to indicate a physical departure or a general act of going.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ἈΠΕΡΧΕΣΘΑΙ, ἘΞΕΡΧΕΣΘΑΙ, ἈΝΑΧΩΡΕΙΝ
Etymology: The word 'ἀπεῖμι' is a compound verb formed from the prefix 'ἀπό' (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb 'εἶμι' (eimi), meaning 'to go'.
G2415
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: hee-eh-roh-soh-lyoo-MEE-tahs
Translations: Jerusalemite, a Jerusalemite, inhabitant of Jerusalem
Notes: This word refers to an inhabitant of Jerusalem. It is a compound word derived from 'Jerusalem' and a suffix indicating a person from that place. It is used to describe someone who lives in or is from the city of Jerusalem.
Inflection: Masculine, Accusative, Plural
G2493
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ee-oh-na-THAN
Translations: Jonathan
Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to the Hebrew name Jonathan. It is a common biblical name, notably the son of King Saul and a close friend of David. In this form, it is in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: The name Jonathan is of Hebrew origin, derived from the Hebrew name Yehonatan (יְהוֹנָתָן), meaning 'Yahweh has given' or 'gift of God'. It combines the divine name Yahweh (יהוה) with the verb 'natan' (נתן), meaning 'to give'.
G0367
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ah-nah-NEE-ahn
Translations: Ananias
Notes: Ananias is a common Hebrew name (Hananiah) meaning 'Yahweh has been gracious' or 'the Lord is gracious'. It appears in the New Testament as the name of several individuals, including a member of the early Christian community in Jerusalem who, along with his wife Sapphira, was struck dead for lying to the Holy Spirit, and a high priest who presided over Paul's trial. It is used to refer to a specific male individual.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: The name Ananias is of Hebrew origin, derived from the Hebrew name Hananiah (חֲנַנְיָה), meaning 'Yahweh has been gracious'. It was a common name in the Hellenistic period.
G2087
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: EH-teh-ROOS
Translations: others, other ones
Notes: This word means 'other' or 'another' of a different kind, implying a distinction or difference from something previously mentioned or understood. It is used to refer to individuals or things that are distinct from a primary group or item. For example, 'he spoke to others' would imply he spoke to people who were different from a specific group.
Inflection: Accusative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΑΛΛΟΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the English word 'other'.
G3306
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: meh-NON-tas
Translations: remaining, abiding, enduring, waiting, staying, continuing
Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'ΜΕΝΩ' (menō), meaning 'to remain' or 'to abide'. It describes someone or something that is in the process of remaining, abiding, or enduring. It can be used to describe a continuous state or action, often functioning adjectivally or adverbially in a sentence.
Inflection: Present Active Participle, Masculine, Accusative Plural
Synonyms: ΥΠΟΜΕΝΩ, ΔΙΑΜΕΝΩ, ΠΡΟΣΜΕΝΩ
G1722
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: en
Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).
Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun
Sounds like: TAY
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which
Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.
G5085
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: tee-beh-ree-AH-dee
Translations: (to) Tiberias
Notes: This is the name of a city in Galilee, located on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee. It was founded by Herod Antipas and named in honor of the Roman Emperor Tiberius. In the New Testament, the Sea of Galilee is sometimes referred to as the Sea of Tiberias.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
G2641
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kah-tah-li-PEIN
Translations: to leave behind, to abandon, to forsake, to desert, to depart from, to bequeath
Notes: This word is an aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'καταλείπω'. It is a compound verb formed from 'κατά' (down, against) and 'λείπω' (to leave). It means to leave something or someone behind, to abandon, or to forsake. It can also refer to leaving something as a legacy or inheritance. It is often used in contexts where someone departs from a place, leaves a person, or abandons a practice.
Inflection: Infinitive, Aorist, Active
Synonyms: ΑΦΙΗΜΙ, ΕΚΛΕΙΠΩ, ΑΠΟΛΕΙΠΩ
G4863
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: soon-ep-ay-GAH-gon-toh
Translations: they gathered together, they collected, they assembled
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the prefix συν- (together), ἐπι- (upon, in addition), and the verb ἄγω (to lead, bring). In this form, it means 'they gathered together' or 'they collected'. It describes an action where multiple individuals or things are brought into one place or state, often implying a deliberate act of collection or assembly.
Inflection: 3rd Person Plural, Aorist, Middle/Passive, Indicative
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΓΩ, ΣΥΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΘΡΟΙΖΩ
G5438
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: fy-LAH-kays
Translations: (of) guard, (of) prison, (of) watch, (of) custody, (of) a guard, (of) a prison, (of) a watch, (of) a custody
Notes: This word refers to the act of guarding, a place of confinement like a prison, or a period of watching, such as a night watch. It can also refer to the people who are guarding or keeping watch. In a sentence, it would typically be used to indicate possession or origin, such as 'of the guard' or 'belonging to the prison'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΕΣΜΩΤΗΡΙΟΝ, ΤΗΡΗΣΙΣ, ΦΡΟΥΡΑ
G1752
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EH-neh-kah
Translations: because of, on account of, for the sake of
Notes: This word is a preposition that means 'because of,' 'on account of,' or 'for the sake of.' It is always followed by a noun or pronoun in the genitive case, indicating the reason or purpose for something. For example, one might say 'ΕΝΕΚΑ ΤΟΥ ΝΟΜΟΥ' (heneka tou nomou) meaning 'because of the law.'
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΑ, ΧΑΡΙΝ
Etymology: From an obsolete noun meaning 'cause' or 'reason'. It is related to the Greek word 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'.
G1438
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-ow-TON
Translations: (of) themselves, their own
Notes: This word is a reflexive pronoun, meaning it refers back to the subject of the sentence. It indicates that the action or possession relates to the subject itself. It is used to emphasize that the subject is acting upon or possessing something related to itself, rather than someone or something else.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders
G3697
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: OP-lee-tas
Translations: hoplite, a hoplite, heavy-armed soldier, a heavy-armed soldier
Notes: An hoplite was a heavily armed foot soldier in ancient Greece. They were typically equipped with a large round shield (hoplon), a spear, and a sword. Hoplites fought in a phalanx formation, a tightly packed rectangular unit.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΣΤΡΑΤΙΩΤΗΣ, ΜΑΧΗΤΗΣ
Etymology: From the Greek word ὅπλον (hoplon), meaning 'weapon' or 'armor', referring to the shield carried by these soldiers.
G1540
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: heh-KAH-ton
Translations: hundred, a hundred
Notes: This word is a cardinal numeral meaning 'one hundred'. It is used to indicate a quantity of one hundred units of something. For example, it can be used to describe a hundred people, a hundred years, or a hundred items.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is cognate with Latin 'centum' and English 'hundred'.
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