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Interlinear version from Life of Flavius Josephus, The (Beta)
G1167
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: DEE-sas
Translations: having feared, fearing, being afraid
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'δείδω' (deidō), meaning 'to fear' or 'to be afraid'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that occurred prior to the main verb. It indicates that the subject has completed the action of fearing.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΦΟΒΗΘΕΙΣ, ΕΥΛΑΒΗΘΕΙΣ
Etymology: The verb 'δείδω' (deidō) comes from an ancient root meaning 'to be afraid' or 'to flee'. It is related to words signifying dread or flight.
G3767
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: OON
Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed
Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.
G3361
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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb
Sounds like: MAY
Translations: not, lest, no, do not
Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TOW-tah
Translations: these, these things
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'these' or 'these things'. It refers to something previously mentioned or understood from the context, pointing it out specifically. As a pronoun, it stands in place of a noun, while as an adjective, it modifies a noun.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
G4914
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: soon-EKH-ohs
Translations: continually, constantly, without ceasing, always, persistently
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'continually' or 'constantly'. It describes an action that happens without interruption or cessation. For example, it can be used to describe someone who is always doing something or something that is always happening.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΑΠΑΝΤΟΣ, ΑΕΙ, ΑΔΙΑΛΕΙΠΤΩΣ
G3004
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: leh-GOHN
Translations: saying, speaking, telling
Notes: ΛΕΓΩΝ is the present active participle of the verb λέγω (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is commonly used to introduce direct or indirect speech, functioning similarly to 'saying' or 'speaking' in English. For example, it might be translated as 'he came saying...' or 'they decreed, speaking...'. It describes an ongoing action of speaking or declaring.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΩΝ, ΦΩΝΩΝ, ΕΡΩΝ
Etymology: The word λέγω (legō) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to collect, gather, pick out'. In Greek, it evolved to mean 'to speak' or 'to say', perhaps from the idea of 'picking out words'.
G1223
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: dee-AH
Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.
G3404
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: mee-SOOS
Translations: hating, detesting, abhorring
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to hate'. It describes someone or something that is actively engaged in the act of hating or detesting. It can be used to modify a noun, indicating a characteristic or ongoing action of that noun, such as 'the one hating' or 'those who hate'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter; or Plural, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΧΘΡΟΣ, ΑΠΟΣΤΥΓΕΩ
G0864
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-fee-KOY-meen
Translations: I might arrive, I might come, I might reach
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to arrive,' 'to come,' or 'to reach.' It is often used to describe movement towards a destination or the attainment of a goal. The form ἈΦΙΚΟΙΜΗΝ specifically indicates a potential or hypothetical action, often translated with 'might' or 'may.'
Inflection: First person, Singular, Aorist, Middle, Optative
Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΗΚΩ, ΠΑΡΑΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G5287
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: hoo-pop-SEE-as
Translations: of suspicion, of distrust, of apprehension, of a suspicion
Notes: This word refers to a feeling of suspicion, distrust, or apprehension. It describes a state of mind where one has a lack of trust or a sense of unease about someone or something. It is used here in the genitive case, indicating possession or relation.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΠΙΣΤΙΑ, ΔΥΣΠΙΣΤΙΑ
G5613
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition
Sounds like: OHS
Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that
Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G4190
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: po-LEH-mee-OHN
Translations: of enemies, of adversaries, of foes
Notes: This word refers to those who are hostile or at war with someone, often translated as 'enemies' or 'adversaries'. It is the genitive plural form, indicating possession or relationship, so it typically translates as 'of enemies' or 'belonging to enemies'. It is used to describe a group of people who are in opposition or conflict.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΧΘΡΩΝ, ΑΝΤΙΚΕΙΜΕΝΩΝ, ΑΝΤΙΔΙΚΩΝ
G5426
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: froh-NOHN
Translations: thinking, understanding, having in mind, being minded, setting one's mind on
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'thinking' or 'having in mind'. It describes someone who is actively engaged in thought or who has a particular mindset. It can be used to describe the state of mind or the act of considering something.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular
Synonyms: ΝΟΕΩ, ΔΙΑΝΟΕΟΜΑΙ, ΛΟΓΙΖΟΜΑΙ
G2793
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kin-dy-NEV-soh
Translations: I will be in danger, I will risk, I will venture, I will hazard
Notes: This word is the first person singular future active indicative form of the verb 'κινδυνεύω'. It means 'I will be in danger', 'I will risk', or 'I will venture'. It describes an action of facing or undertaking a risk in the future, or being in a perilous situation.
Inflection: Future, Active, Indicative, 1st Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΚΙΝΔΥΝΕΥΩ, ΤΟΛΜΑΩ
Etymology: From κίνδυνος (kindynos), meaning 'danger, peril'. The verb means 'to be in danger' or 'to risk'.
G2983
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: leef-THAYS
Translations: having been taken, having been received, taken, received, seized, caught
Notes: This word is a passive participle derived from the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. As a passive participle, it describes someone or something that has undergone the action of being taken or received. It functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb to indicate a completed action that was done to the subject. For example, it could describe 'the one who was taken' or 'having been taken, he went'.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΙΛΗΦΩΣ, ΔΕΔΕΓΜΕΝΟΣ
G5259
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix
Sounds like: HOOP
Translations: under, by, with, from, at, through, in, of
Notes: This word is a common Greek preposition and prefix. As a preposition, it typically means 'under' or 'below', but its meaning can vary significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the accusative case, it can indicate motion towards a place ('under', 'to'). As a prefix, it means 'under', 'below', 'less than', or 'secretly', as seen in compound words like 'υποκάτω' (underneath). The form 'ΥΠ' is a common truncation of 'ΥΠΟ' when it acts as a prefix, especially before a vowel, or as part of a compound word.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or prefix)
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑ, ΕΠΙ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: of them, their, of themselves
Notes: This word is a pronoun indicating possession or relation, specifically for a group of people or things. It is used to mean 'of them' or 'their', often referring back to a previously mentioned plural noun or pronoun.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, All genders
G0337
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-nah-ee-re-THEH-nah-ee
Translations: to take up, to take away, to destroy, to kill, to put to death
Notes: This word is an infinitive form of the verb 'anaireō'. It generally means 'to take up' or 'to take away'. In many contexts, especially when referring to people, it takes on the meaning of 'to destroy' or 'to kill', often implying execution or putting someone to death. It can be used to describe the act of ending a life or removing something completely.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ἈΠΟΚΤΕΙΝΩ, ΦΟΝΕΥΩ, ἈΠΟΛΛΥΜΙ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀνά (aná, 'up, again, back') + αἱρέω (hairéō, 'to take, seize'). The combination implies taking something up or away.
G2192
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ekh-oh-MEH-nays
Translations: having, holding, possessing, next, following, of the next, of the following
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action or state. In the genitive case, it often indicates possession, a relationship, or a temporal connection, such as 'of the one having' or 'of the one holding'. It can also mean 'next' or 'following' when referring to something immediately succeeding in time or order.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine, Present, Middle/Passive
Synonyms: ΚΕΚΤΗΜΕΝΗΣ, ΛΑΒΟΥΣΗΣ, ΕΠΙΟΥΣΗΣ
G2235
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: AY-day
Translations: already, now, by this time, forthwith, even now
Notes: This word is an adverb used to indicate that something has happened or is happening at the present moment, or has happened prior to the present moment. It can convey a sense of immediacy or completion. For example, it can mean 'already' when referring to something that has taken place, or 'now' when emphasizing the current time.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΝΥΝ, ΑΥΤΙΚΑ, ΕΥΘΕΩΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁eh₂dʰ- (to be present, to be here). It is related to the demonstrative pronoun 'ho' (this) and the particle 'de' (now, indeed).
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: THAYS
Translations: of the
Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.
G0458
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: an-toh-NEE-as
Translations: Antonia, Antonia Fortress
Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to the Antonia Fortress, a significant military barracks built by Herod the Great in Jerusalem. It was located at the northwest corner of the Temple Mount and served as a strategic stronghold and observation point. It is often mentioned in historical accounts related to events in Jerusalem during the Roman period.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The name 'Antonia' is derived from the Roman family name 'Antonius', specifically in honor of Mark Antony, a Roman politician and general.
G3754
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Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OH-per
Translations: the very thing which, which, whatsoever, as, just as
Notes: ΟΠΕΡ is an intensive relative pronoun, meaning 'the very thing which' or 'whatsoever'. It is used to emphasize the preceding noun or idea, often functioning as a stronger form of 'which' or 'what'. It can introduce a clause that specifies or elaborates on something already mentioned, or it can indicate a cause or reason.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: Ο, ΟΣ, ΟΣΠΕΡ
Etymology: ΟΠΕΡ is a compound word formed from the relative pronoun ὅ (ho), meaning 'who, which, what', and the enclitic particle περ (per), which adds emphasis or intensity, often translated as 'just, even, indeed'.
G2258
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: HAYN
Translations: was, he was, she was, it was
Notes: This word is the imperfect indicative form of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It describes a continuous or ongoing state or action in the past. It can be translated as 'was', 'he was', 'she was', or 'it was', depending on the subject implied by the context. It is often used to set the scene or describe background information in a narrative.
Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice, 3rd Person Singular
G5432
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: froo-REE-on
Translations: fortress, a fortress, stronghold, a stronghold, garrison, a garrison
Notes: This word refers to a fortified place, such as a fortress, stronghold, or a place where a military garrison is stationed. It is used to describe a secure and defensible structure, often built for protection or as a military base.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΧΥΡΩΜΑ, ΠΥΡΓΟΣ, ΤΕΙΧΟΣ
Etymology: From the verb φρουρέω (phroureō), meaning 'to guard, to watch over', which itself comes from φύλαξ (phylax), meaning 'a guard'. Thus, it denotes a place that is guarded or watched over.
G1519
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EES
Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward
Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G1782
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: en-doh-TEH-roh
Translations: further in, further within, deeper, more inward, into the inner part
Notes: This word is a comparative adverb, meaning 'further in' or 'more inward'. It indicates a movement or position that is deeper or more internal than something else. It can be used to describe moving further into a building, a region, or a state.
Inflection: Comparative Adverb
Synonyms: ΕΣΩΤΕΡΩ, ΕΝΤΟΣ
Etymology: Derived from the adverb ἔνδον (endon), meaning 'within' or 'inside'. The suffix -τέρω is used to form comparative adverbs, indicating 'further' or 'more'.
G2413
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: ee-eh-RON
Translations: sacred, holy, consecrated, a sacred place, a temple, temple
Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'sacred,' 'holy,' or 'consecrated.' When used as a noun, it refers to a 'sacred place' or, more specifically, a 'temple.' It describes something set apart for religious purposes or dedicated to a deity.
Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΓΙΟΣ, ΝΑΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΙΕΡΟΣ (hieros) comes from a pre-Greek substrate word, possibly related to the concept of 'strength' or 'power,' which became associated with divine power and sacredness.
G5298
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: hoo-peh-KHO-ray-sah
Translations: withdrew, retired, gave way, yielded
Notes: This word is the aorist active indicative, first person singular form of the verb ΥΠΕΧΩΡΕΩ (hypechōreō), meaning 'to withdraw' or 'to retire'. It describes an action of moving back or retreating, often to avoid conflict or to give space. It can also mean to yield or give way to something or someone.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΧΩΡΕΩ, ΑΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ΥΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ
Etymology: The word ΥΠΕΧΩΡΕΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΥΠΟ (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'from under', and the verb ΧΩΡΕΩ (chōreō), meaning 'to go', 'to make room', or 'to withdraw'.
G3326
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: MEH-tah
Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides
Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.
G1161
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: DEH
Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however
Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TANE
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.
G0337
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-nah-EE-reh-sin
Translations: destruction, a destruction, killing, a killing, putting to death, a putting to death, removal, a removal
Notes: This word refers to the act of taking away, removing, or destroying something or someone. It can specifically denote the act of killing or putting to death. It is used to describe the termination or elimination of a person or thing.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΕΙΑ, ΘΑΝΑΤΟΣ, ΦΟΝΟΣ
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: mah-nah-AY-moo
Translations: of Menahem
Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the proper noun 'Menahem', a male personal name. It is used to indicate possession or origin, similar to saying 'of Menahem' or 'Menahem's' in English. For example, it might refer to something belonging to Menahem or someone descended from Menahem.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Etymology: The name 'Menahem' (Μαναήμ) is of Hebrew origin, meaning 'comforter' or 'consoler'. The Greek form 'ΜΑΝΑΗΜΟΣ' is a transliteration and adaptation of this Hebrew name into Greek grammatical structures.
G4413
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PRO-tohn
Translations: first, foremost, chief, principal, earliest, original, a first, the first
Notes: This word describes something that is first in time, order, rank, or importance. It can refer to the very first item in a series, the most prominent or leading person, or the original form of something. It is often used to indicate superiority or priority.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΠΡΩΤΙΣΤΟΣ, ΠΡΩΤΕΥΩΝ, ΠΡΩΤΟΣ
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G3027
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: lees-tree-KOO
Translations: of robber-like, of piratical, of brigandish, of a robber-like, of a piratical, of a brigandish
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'robber-like', 'piratical', or 'brigandish'. It describes something or someone associated with robbers or brigands, often implying violence, lawlessness, or a predatory nature. It is used to qualify nouns, indicating that the noun possesses qualities characteristic of a robber or a band of robbers.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΛΗΣΤΙΚΟΣ, ΑΡΠΑΚΤΙΚΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΛΗΣΤΡΙΚΟΣ (lestrikos) is derived from the noun ΛΗΣΤΗΣ (lestes), meaning 'robber' or 'brigand'. The suffix -ικός (-ikos) is used to form adjectives indicating 'belonging to' or 'of the nature of'.
G4744
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: STEE-foos
Translations: of a crowd, of a throng, of a band, of a company, of a body
Notes: This word refers to a dense group of people or things, such as a crowd, a throng, or a company. It is used to describe a compact body or mass. In this inflected form, it indicates possession or origin related to such a group.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΧΛΟΣ, ΠΛΗΘΟΣ, ΑΓΕΛΗ
G5260
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: hoo-pex-EL-thohn
Translations: having gone out from under, having withdrawn, having escaped, having departed
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having gone out from under' or 'having withdrawn'. It is a compound verb formed from three prepositions: ὑπό (hypo, 'under'), ἐκ (ek, 'out of'), and the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai, 'to come' or 'to go'). Thus, it literally means 'to come or go out from under something'. It describes an action of moving away from a place or situation, often implying an escape or a strategic withdrawal.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Masculine, Singular, Nominative Participle
Synonyms: ΕΞΕΛΘΩΝ, ΑΠΟΧΩΡΗΣΑΣ, ΑΠΕΛΘΩΝ
G2413
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: ee-eh-ROO
Translations: of holy, of sacred, of a temple, of the temple, of the sanctuary
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the adjective 'ΙΕΡΟΣ' (hieros), meaning 'holy' or 'sacred'. When used with the definite article, it often functions as a noun, referring to 'the temple' or 'the sanctuary'. It indicates possession or origin, answering the question 'whose?' or 'from what?'. For example, 'the beauty of the temple' or 'the things of the sanctuary'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΓΙΟΥ, ΝΑΟΥ, ΒΗΛΟΥ
G3825
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: PAH-lin
Translations: again, back, anew, once more, on the other hand, moreover, in turn
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'again' or 'back'. It is used to indicate a repetition of an action or a return to a previous state or place. It can also be used to introduce a contrasting idea, similar to 'on the other hand' or 'moreover'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΥΘΙΣ, ΕΤΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kwel- (to turn, revolve). It refers to a turning back or repetition.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toys
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: ΤΟΙΣ is the dative plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, but specifically indicates the indirect object or the recipient of an action, or location/instrument when used with a dative noun. It can be used with masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns in the plural.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into the definite article in Greek.
G0749
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ar-khee-eh-REH-soo-sin
Translations: to high priests, for high priests
Notes: This word refers to high priests, who were the chief religious officials in ancient Judaism. It is a compound word formed from 'archon' (ruler, chief) and 'hiereus' (priest), literally meaning 'chief priest'. It is used here in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΙΕΡΕΥΣ, ΠΡΕΣΒΥΤΕΡΟΣ
Etymology: The word ἈΡΧΙΕΡΕΎΣ (ARCHIEREUS) is a compound of two Greek words: ἀρχή (archē), meaning 'beginning, rule, authority', and ἱερεύς (hiereus), meaning 'priest'. It refers to the chief or head priest.
G4413
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PRO-toyss
Translations: first, foremost, chief, principal, a first, the first
Notes: This word describes something that is first in time, order, rank, or importance. It can refer to the very first thing, or to something that is preeminent or chief among others. In the provided examples, it is used to refer to 'the first ones' or 'the first things'.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΠΡΩΤΟΣ, ΑΡΧΗ, ΠΡΩΤΕΥΩ
G5330
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: fah-ree-SAI-ohn
Translations: (of) Pharisees
Notes: This word refers to the Pharisees, a prominent Jewish religious and political party or sect during the Second Temple period. They were known for their strict adherence to the Mosaic Law and their interpretations of it. In the New Testament, they are often depicted as opponents of Jesus.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
G4927
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: soon-dee-eh-TREE-bon
Translations: spent time with, associated with, lived with
Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the prefix ΣΥΝ- (syn-, meaning 'with' or 'together'), the preposition ΔΙΑ- (dia-, meaning 'through' or 'among'), and the verb ΤΡΙΒΩ (tribo, meaning 'to rub', 'to wear out', or 'to spend time'). Together, it means to spend time with someone or in a particular place, to associate with, or to live with. It implies a prolonged or continuous period of interaction or presence.
Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΟΙΚΕΩ, ΣΥΝΕΧΩ
Etymology: The word ΣΥΝΔΙΑΤΡΙΒΩ is a compound of three elements: the prefix ΣΥΝ- (from Proto-Indo-European *sm̥- 'one, together with'), the preposition ΔΙΑ- (from Proto-Indo-European *dwi- 'apart, in two'), and the verb ΤΡΙΒΩ (from Proto-Indo-European *terh₂- 'to rub, grind'). The combination evolved to mean 'to spend time together' or 'to associate with'.
G5401
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: FOH-bos
Translations: fear, a fear, terror, dread, reverence, respect
Notes: This word refers to the emotion of fear, dread, or terror. It can also denote reverence or respect, especially in a religious context, such as the 'fear of God'. It is a masculine noun and can be used in various grammatical cases depending on its role in a sentence.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΕΟΣ, ΤΡΟΜΟΣ, ΕΥΛΑΒΕΙΑ
Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root *bhegʷ- meaning 'to flee, to run away'. In Greek, it evolved to refer to the emotion that causes one to flee or be afraid.
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral
Sounds like: DEL-tah
Translations: Delta, four, 4
Notes: Δ (Delta) is the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet. In the Greek numeral system, it represents the number four. It is also used as a symbol in various contexts, including mathematics and science, though its primary function in Koine Greek texts is as a letter or a numeral.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The Greek letter Delta is derived from the Phoenician letter Dalet, which means 'door'.
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OO-tee
Translations: not, no one, nothing, no
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'not' or 'no'. It is a strengthened form of 'οὐ' (ou) and is used to express an absolute negation, often emphasizing that something is certainly not the case or that there is absolutely no one or nothing. It can function as a negative pronoun meaning 'no one' or 'nothing' when used substantively.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΟΥ̓ΔΕΙΣ, ΟΥ̓ΘΕΝ
G3357
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: MEH-tree-oss
Translations: moderate, modest, reasonable, temperate, a moderate one, a modest one
Notes: This word describes something or someone as being moderate, modest, or reasonable, implying a sense of balance and not going to extremes. It can be used to characterize a person's disposition or actions, suggesting they are temperate and well-balanced.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΕΙΚΗΣ, ΣΩΦΡΩΝ, ΕΥΛΑΒΗΣ
Etymology: The word ΜΕΤΡΙΟΣ (metrios) comes from μέτρον (metron), meaning 'measure' or 'due measure'. It describes something that is within proper bounds or limits.
G2192
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EE-khen
Translations: he had, she had, it had, he was having, she was having, it was having
Notes: This word is the third person singular imperfect active indicative form of the verb ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, indicating that someone or something possessed or held something over a period of time.
Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
G2249
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: HAY-mas
Translations: us
Notes: This word is the first-person plural pronoun 'we' in the accusative case. It is used to indicate the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions, meaning 'us'. For example, 'He saw us' or 'They spoke to us'.
Inflection: First-person, Plural, Accusative
G3708
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: oh-RON-tas
Translations: seeing, looking, observing, perceiving, watching, a seer, an observer
Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb 'to see'. It describes someone who is currently in the act of seeing, looking, or observing. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun (e.g., 'the seeing man'), or adverbially, describing the manner of an action (e.g., 'he spoke, seeing the crowd'). It can also be used substantively, meaning 'one who sees' or 'a seer'.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Accusative, Plural
Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩΝ, ΘΕΩΡΩΝ, ΕΙΔΩΝ
Etymology: The word ΟΡΑΩ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *wer- 'to perceive, watch'. It is related to Latin vereri 'to observe, respect' and Sanskrit varati 'he chooses, prefers'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: the
Notes: This word is the masculine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a particular masculine noun that is the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'he saw the man' or 'towards the God'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed to function as a marker of definiteness in Greek.
G3303
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: MEN
Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however
Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.
G1218
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: DAY-mon
Translations: people, a people, the people, (to) the people, (to) a people
Notes: This word refers to the common people, the populace, or a community. It is used to denote the general body of citizens or inhabitants of a place. In this form, it is the accusative singular of the noun, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΛΑΟΣ, ΟΧΛΟΣ
G1722
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: en
Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).
Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.
G3696
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: OP-loys
Translations: (to) weapons, (with) weapons, (by) weapons, (to) arms, (with) arms, (by) arms, (to) armor, (with) armor, (by) armor
Notes: This word refers to weapons, arms, or armor. It is used in the dative plural case, indicating the indirect object or means by which an action is performed. For example, it could mean 'with weapons' or 'by means of arms'.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Neuter
Synonyms: ΜΑΧΑΙΡΑ, ΞΙΦΟΣ, ΒΕΛΟΣ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOY
Translations: they, them, themselves, these, those
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun that can function in several ways. It can be used as an intensive pronoun meaning 'self' or 'themselves', emphasizing the subject. It can also serve as a simple third-person pronoun meaning 'he, she, it, they' or 'him, her, it, them'. When used with the article, it often functions as an adjective meaning 'the same'.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
G1510
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ON-tes
Translations: being, those who are, who are
Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It means 'being' or 'those who are' and functions like an adjective or a noun, describing the state of existence of a person or thing. It can be used to introduce a clause that explains the condition or identity of the subject.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Plural, Nominative
G0639
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-POH-roh
Translations: to be at a loss, to be in doubt, to be perplexed, to be without resources, to be in want, to be in need
Notes: This verb describes the state of being without a way or means, hence to be at a loss, to be perplexed, or to be in doubt. It can also refer to a lack of resources or provisions, meaning to be in want or in need. It is often used to express mental uncertainty or material destitution.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Present, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ἈΠΟΡΕΟΜΑΙ, ἈΜΗΧΑΝΕΩ, ἈΠΟΡΙΑ
Etymology: The word ἈΠΟΡΕΩ comes from the Greek prefix ἀ- (a-), meaning 'not' or 'without', and πόρος (poros), meaning 'passage', 'way', or 'resource'. Thus, it literally means 'without a way' or 'without resources'.
G5101
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TEE
Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing
Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.
G4160
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: poi-ay-SOH-men
Translations: we will make, we will do, we shall make, we shall do
Notes: This word means 'we will make' or 'we will do'. It is a common verb in Koine Greek used to express future actions of creating, performing, or bringing about something. It can be used in various contexts, such as making a decision, doing a task, or creating an object.
Inflection: Future, Active, Indicative, 1st Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOOS
Translations: the, them, those
Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).
G3501
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: neh-oh-teh-ris-TAS
Translations: innovators, revolutionaries, rebels, troublemakers, a revolutionary, a rebel
Notes: This word refers to those who introduce new things, often with a negative connotation, implying a desire for change or revolution. It can describe someone who is a troublemaker or a rebel against established order. It is a compound word derived from 'νέος' (new) and related to 'νεωτερίζω' (to innovate, to revolt).
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΣΤΑΣΙΑΣΤΗΣ, ΤΑΡΑΧΟΠΟΙΟΣ
G3973
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: PAH-oo-ayn
Translations: to stop, to cease, to restrain, to put an end to
Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'παύω'. It means 'to stop' or 'to cease' an action, or 'to cause something to stop'. It can be used transitively, meaning to stop something else, or intransitively, meaning to stop oneself. For example, one might use it to say 'to stop fighting' or 'to cease from work'.
Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΠΑΥΩ, ΛΗΓΩ, ΚΩΛΥΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w- ('to strike, to cut, to hew'). In Greek, it developed the meaning of causing something to stop or cease.
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OO
Translations: not, no
Notes: ΟΥ̓ is a negative particle used to express a factual negation. It typically negates verbs in the indicative mood, stating that something is not true or does not happen. It can also negate other parts of speech. When combined with ΜΉ (ou mē), it forms a very strong negation, meaning "by no means" or "never."
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ, ΟΥ̓Κ, ΟΥ̓ΧΊ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a fundamental negative particle in Greek.
G1410
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Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective
Sounds like: doo-NAH-meh-noy
Translations: being able, able, powerful, mighty, capable
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'δύναμαι' (dynamai), meaning 'to be able' or 'to have power'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing someone or something that possesses the ability, power, or capability to do something. It can be used to describe individuals or groups who are strong, mighty, or competent.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΡΟΙ, ΚΡΑΤΟΥΝΤΕΣ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑΖΟΝΤΕΣ
G4267
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pro-DEH-loo
Translations: evident, manifest, clear, obvious, plain, a clear thing, an obvious thing
Notes: This word describes something that is clearly visible, easily understood, or unmistakably apparent. It is used to emphasize the clarity or obviousness of a situation, fact, or outcome. For example, one might speak of a 'clearly evident' truth or a 'plainly manifest' danger.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΦΑΝΕΡΟΣ, ΕΜΦΑΝΗΣ, ΔΗΛΟΣ
G2254
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: HEE-meen
Translations: (to) us, (for) us, us
Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the first-person plural pronoun 'we'. It is used to indicate the indirect object of a verb, meaning 'to us' or 'for us'. It can also signify possession or benefit/detriment for 'us'. For example, it might be used in a sentence like 'He gave the book to us' or 'This is good for us'.
Inflection: First Person, Plural, Dative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to the first-person plural pronoun in other Indo-European languages.
G2794
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kin-DEE-noo
Translations: of danger, of peril, of risk
Notes: This word refers to a state of danger, peril, or risk. It is often used to describe a situation where harm or loss is possible. In a sentence, it would typically indicate the source or nature of a threat.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΝ, ΒΛΑΒΗ, ΚΙΝΔΥΝΕΥΜΑ
G3936
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: par-es-TOH-tos
Translations: of one who stands by, of one who is present, of one who has stood by, of one who has presented, of one who has offered
Notes: This word is the genitive singular masculine or neuter form of the perfect active participle of the verb 'παρίστημι' (paristēmi). It describes someone or something that has stood by, is present, or has been presented or offered. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or a relationship of the noun it modifies.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Perfect Active Participle
Synonyms: ΠΑΡΟΝΤΟΣ, ΕΣΤΩΤΟΣ
G4784
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: soong-kah-tah-NEH-oo-ayn
Translations: to consent, to agree, to assent, to concur
Notes: This is a compound verb meaning to nod together, to give consent, or to agree with someone or something. It implies a shared agreement or approval, often expressed by a nod or gesture. It can be used in sentences like 'They consented to the plan' or 'He agreed with the decision.'
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΣΥΜΦΩΝΕΩ, ΟΜΟΛΟΓΕΩ
Etymology: The word is a compound of three parts: σύν (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together'; κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'according to'; and νεύω (neuo), meaning 'to nod' or 'to beckon'. Thus, it literally means 'to nod down together' or 'to nod in agreement with'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH-ees
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: This word is the dative plural feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate that the noun it modifies is feminine, plural, and in the dative case, often signifying indirect objects, recipients, or the means by which something is done. It can be translated as 'to the' or 'for the', or simply 'the' depending on the context.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Feminine
G1106
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: GNO-maiss
Translations: opinions, judgments, purposes, counsels, decisions, intentions, thoughts, minds
Notes: This word refers to opinions, judgments, or purposes. It can describe a person's thoughts, intentions, or the decisions they make. It is often used in the plural to refer to a collection of ideas or a group's collective judgment.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΑΙΣ, ΔΟΞΑΙΣ, ΕΝΝΟΙΑΙΣ
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-LEH-go-men
Translations: we were saying, we said, we used to say, we spoke, we were speaking
Notes: This word is the first person plural imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'λέγω' (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It describes an action that was ongoing, repeated, or habitual in the past. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'we were saying these things' or 'we used to speak often'.
Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 1st Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΦΗΜΙ, ΛΑΛΕΩ
G4823
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: soon-eh-boo-LEH-oo-men
Translations: we were advising, we were consulting, we were deliberating, we were counseling
Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning 'to advise together,' 'to consult,' or 'to deliberate.' It describes an action where a group of people or individuals are engaged in giving counsel or discussing a matter to reach a decision. It implies a process of shared thought and guidance.
Inflection: First Person Plural, Imperfect Indicative, Middle/Passive Voice
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΕΒΟΥΛΕΥΟΝΤΟ, ΣΥΝΕΒΟΥΛΕΥΣΑΝ
Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ΣΥΝ (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together,' and the verb ΒΟΥΛΕΥΩ (bouleuō), meaning 'to take counsel' or 'to deliberate.'
G3306
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: MEH-neen
Translations: to remain, to abide, to stay, to endure, to continue, to wait for, to await
Notes: This word means to remain, abide, or stay in a place or state. It can also mean to endure or continue, indicating persistence over time. In some contexts, it can mean to wait for or await someone or something. It is often used to describe a continuous action or a state of being that persists.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΥΠΟΜΕΝΩ, ΔΙΑΜΕΝΩ, ΚΑΤΑΜΕΝΩ
G1909
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix
Sounds like: EHF
Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, because of, with, by
Notes: This word is an elided form of the Greek preposition ἘΠΊ (epi), which means 'on,' 'upon,' or 'over.' The final vowel of ἘΠΊ is dropped before a word beginning with a vowel, especially a rough breathing mark, resulting in ἘΦ. Its precise meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it means 'on' or 'upon' (of place or time); with the dative, it means 'on,' 'at,' 'by,' or 'for' (of position or cause); and with the accusative, it means 'on,' 'to,' 'against,' or 'over' (of motion or purpose). It is also commonly used as a prefix in compound words.
Inflection: Does not inflect; it is an elided form of the preposition ἘΠΊ. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs (Genitive, Dative, or Accusative).
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: of them, their, their own
Notes: This word is a personal pronoun in the genitive plural. It can be translated as 'of them' or 'their', indicating possession or origin. It is often used reflexively, meaning 'their own' or 'of themselves', referring back to the subject of the sentence.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders
Synonyms: ΣΦΩΝ, ΕΑΥΤΩΝ
G4190
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: po-LEH-mee-oos
Translations: enemies, hostile ones
Notes: This word refers to those who are hostile or at war with someone. It is often used as a substantive noun to mean 'enemies' or 'adversaries'. In a sentence, it would typically describe a group of people who are in opposition or conflict.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΧΘΡΟΥΣ, ΑΝΤΙΚΕΙΜΕΝΟΥΣ
Etymology: The word πόλεμος (polemos) means 'war' or 'battle'. The suffix -ιος (-ios) is used to form adjectives indicating belonging or relation. Thus, πολεμίος means 'belonging to war' or 'hostile', and by extension, 'an enemy'.
G1904
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: eh-pel-THON-tas
Translations: having come upon, having attacked, having arrived, having approached, having overtaken
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb ἐπέρχομαι (eperchomai), meaning 'to come upon, to attack, to arrive, to approach, or to overtake'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred relative to the main verb. It is often used to describe an action that precedes or accompanies another action, such as 'having come upon them, they did X'. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ἐπί (epi, 'upon, to') and the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai, 'to come, to go').
Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Accusative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΕΛΘΟΝΤΑΣ, ΕΛΘΟΝΤΑΣ, ΕΦΘΑΣΑΝ
G1437
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: eh-AHN
Translations: if, when, whenever, although
Notes: ἘΑΝ is a conditional conjunction used to introduce a protasis (the 'if' clause) in a conditional sentence. It typically takes the subjunctive mood, indicating a condition that is possible, probable, or hypothetical. It can be translated as 'if', 'when', or 'whenever', depending on the nuance of the condition, and sometimes 'although' in concessive clauses.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΙ, ὍΤΑΝ
Etymology: ἘΑΝ is a contraction of the conditional particle εἰ (ei, 'if') and the modal particle ἄν (an), which adds a sense of contingency or possibility to the condition.
G2443
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: EE-nah
Translations: in order that, that, so that, to
Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause expressing purpose, result, or content. It often translates to 'in order that' or simply 'that' when indicating the aim or outcome of an action. It can also be used to express a command or exhortation, especially when followed by the subjunctive mood.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣΤΕ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en- (in). It is related to the preposition 'in' and developed into a conjunction expressing purpose or result.
G1346
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: dee-KAH-ee-ohss
Translations: righteously, justly, rightly
Notes: This word describes an action or state that is in accordance with what is right, just, or fair. It indicates that something is done in a righteous or equitable manner, often implying moral correctness or adherence to divine law. It can be used to describe how someone acts or how something is judged.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΡΘΩΣ, ΕΥΘΕΩΣ
G0480
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: an-TAI-rain
Translations: to resist, to oppose, to lift up against, to raise hands against
Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from ἀντί (anti, meaning 'against') and αἴρω (airō, meaning 'to lift' or 'to take up'). It signifies the act of lifting or raising something, especially one's hands, in opposition or resistance to someone or something. It is used to describe a direct confrontation or an act of defiance.
Inflection: Present Active Infinitive
Synonyms: ἈΝΘΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ, ἈΝΤΙΛΕΓΩ, ἈΝΤΙΤΑΤΤΩ
Etymology: The word ἀνταίρω is a compound of the preposition ἀντί (anti), meaning 'against' or 'opposite to', and the verb αἴρω (airō), meaning 'to lift', 'to take up', or 'to raise'.
G3696
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: OP-lah
Translations: arms, weapons, armor, hoofs
Notes: This word is a plural noun that can refer to military equipment such as arms, weapons, or armor. It can also refer to the hoofs of an animal. Its meaning depends on the context in which it is used.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΠΛΙΣΙΣ, ΟΠΛΙΣΜΟΣ, ΟΝΥΞ
Etymology: The word ὅπλον (hoplon) is believed to be derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sep-, meaning 'to handle, to grasp'. It originally referred to any tool or implement, and later specialized to mean 'weapon' or 'armor'.
G4102
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PIS-tin
Translations: faith, a faith, belief, a belief, trust, a trust, faithfulness, a faithfulness, conviction, a conviction
Notes: This word refers to faith, belief, or trust. It can describe a deep conviction in something or someone, or the act of being faithful and trustworthy. It is often used in a religious context to denote belief in God or Christ, but can also refer to loyalty or trustworthiness in general relationships.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΕΠΟΙΘΗΣΙΣ, ΕΛΠΙΣ
G2147
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-YOO-ron-tai
Translations: they may find, they may discover, they may obtain, they may come upon
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to find,' 'to discover,' or 'to obtain.' It is used to describe the act of locating something or someone, or coming into possession of something. It can also imply the act of inventing or devising something. In a sentence, it would typically follow a subject and describe what that subject finds or discovers.
Inflection: Present, Subjunctive, Middle/Passive Voice, Third Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ
G4238
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ep-RAT-toh-men
Translations: we were doing, we were acting, we were practicing, we were performing, we were accomplishing
Notes: This verb describes the act of doing, acting, or performing something. In the imperfect tense, it indicates an ongoing or repeated action in the past, or an action that was attempted. It can refer to carrying out a task, engaging in a practice, or accomplishing a deed.
Inflection: First Person, Plural, Imperfect, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΠΟΙΈΩ, ἘΡΓΆΖΟΜΑΙ
G1679
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: el-PIZ-on-tes
Translations: hoping, expecting, trusting, those who hope, those who expect, those who trust
Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb 'ελπίζω', meaning 'to hope', 'to expect', or 'to trust'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that is ongoing. It can be translated as 'hoping' or, when used substantively, 'those who are hoping' or 'those who hope'. It often appears with a preposition like 'ἐπί' (epi) followed by a dative or accusative case, indicating the object of hope or trust.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΠΕΠΟΙΘΟΤΕΣ, ΠΙΣΤΕΥΟΝΤΕΣ
Etymology: The word 'ελπίζω' (elpizō) comes from 'ἐλπίς' (elpis), meaning 'hope'. Its origin is uncertain, but it is an ancient Greek word.
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OOK
Translations: not, no
Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.
G3112
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: mah-KRAHN
Translations: far, far away, a long way off, at a distance
Notes: This word means 'far' or 'at a distance'. It is used to indicate a significant spatial separation between objects or locations. It can also sometimes refer to a long period of time, meaning 'for a long time' or 'long ago'.
Inflection: Adverbial accusative feminine singular of ΜΑΚΡΟΣ
Synonyms: ΠΟΡΡΩ, ΑΠΩΘΕΝ
G2778
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KES-tee-on
Translations: girdle, a girdle, belt, a belt
Notes: This word refers to a girdle or a belt, typically worn around the waist. It could be used to hold clothing in place or to carry items. In ancient contexts, girdles were often significant for both practical and symbolic reasons.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΖΩΝΗ, ΔΙΑΖΩΜΑ
Etymology: The word "ΚΕΣΤΙΟΝ" is derived from the Greek word "κεστός" (kestos), meaning 'embroidered' or 'stitched', referring to a type of embroidered girdle, especially one worn by women.
G3173
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: MEH-gah-lays
Translations: (of) great, (of) large, (of) mighty, (of) powerful
Notes: This word describes something that is large in size, great in importance, or intense in degree. It is used to modify feminine nouns in the genitive case, indicating possession, origin, or relationship.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΙΣΧΥΡΟΣ
G1411
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: doo-NAH-meh-ohs
Translations: of power, of strength, of ability, of might, of a miracle
Notes: This word refers to inherent power, strength, or ability. It can also denote miraculous power or a mighty work. As a genitive form, it typically indicates possession, origin, or a relationship 'of' something, such as 'of power' or 'of strength'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΟΣ, ΚΡΑΤΟΥΣ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑΣ
G0305
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ah-nah-BAHN-tah
Translations: having gone up, having ascended, having come up, having risen, having climbed
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'anabainō', meaning 'to go up' or 'to ascend'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred, functioning like an adjective or adverb in a sentence. It indicates someone or something that has completed the action of going upwards, whether literally climbing a physical height or metaphorically rising in status or appearing.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter, Plural
Synonyms: ΑΝΕΛΘΟΝΤΑ, ΑΝΙΟΝΤΑ
G3973
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pow-SEIN
Translations: to stop, to cease, to restrain, to put an end to
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to stop', 'to cease', or 'to put an end to'. It can be used transitively, meaning to stop something or someone, or intransitively, meaning to stop oneself or to come to an end. When used with a genitive case, it often means 'to stop from' or 'to cause to cease from'.
Inflection: Infinitive, Aorist or Future, Active
Synonyms: ΚΩΛΥΩ, ΛΗΓΩ, ΠΕΠΑΥΜΑΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w- ('to strike, to cut, to hew').
G3501
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: neh-oh-teh-ris-MON
Translations: innovation, a revolution, a change, a new order
Notes: This word refers to an innovation, a new thing, or a revolutionary change. It can describe a political upheaval or a new custom. In a sentence, it would function as the direct object of a verb, indicating the thing being innovated or changed.
Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Accusative
Synonyms: ΚΑΙΝΟΤΟΜΙΑ, ΜΕΤΑΒΟΛΗ
Etymology: The word ΝΕΩΤΕΡΙΣΜΟΣ (neōterismos) is derived from the adjective ΝΕΩΤΕΡΟΣ (neōteros), meaning 'newer' or 'younger', which itself comes from ΝΕΟΣ (neos), meaning 'new' or 'young'. The suffix -ΙΣΜΟΣ (-ismos) indicates an action, state, or doctrine, thus 'the act or state of being new' or 'innovation'.
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