2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-ton

Translations: this, this one, him, it

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, used to point out something specific that is near in proximity, time, or thought, or something that has just been mentioned. As a pronoun, it can stand in for a noun, meaning 'this one' or 'him/it'. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, meaning 'this' (e.g., 'this house'). In this form, it is masculine singular and in the accusative case, meaning it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΝ

G1161

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G2540

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kai-RON

Translations: time, a time, season, a season, opportune time, a opportune time, proper time, a proper time

Notes: This word refers to a specific, appointed, or opportune time, a critical moment, or a season, rather than general chronological time (which is 'χρόνος'). It often implies a qualitative aspect of time, emphasizing the right or fitting moment for something. In the provided examples, it is used in the accusative case, indicating the object of an action or a duration.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΧΡΟΝΟΣ, ΩΡΑ, ΕΠΟΧΗ

Etymology: The etymology of 'καιρός' is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the idea of 'fitting' or 'proper'.

G0864

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-fee-KO-meh-nos

Translations: having come, having arrived, coming, arriving

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ἀφικνέομαι', meaning 'to come' or 'to arrive'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is occurring in relation to the main verb of the sentence. It functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb to indicate the state of having come or arrived.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΗΚΩ, ΠΑΡΑΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ἀφικνέομαι is a compound word formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb ἱκνέομαι (hikneomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to reach'.

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G4863

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: soom-PRES-beh-ohn

Translations: of fellow ambassadors, of fellow envoys, of fellow elders

Notes: This word refers to those who serve as ambassadors or envoys alongside others, or to fellow elders. It is a compound word formed from the prefix "συν-" (syn-), meaning "with" or "together," and "πρέσβυς" (presbys), meaning "elder" or "ambassador." It is used to describe a group of people who share the role of representing someone or something, or who are part of a group of elders.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΕΚΔΗΜΟΣ, ΣΥΝΕΡΓΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΣΥΜΠΡΕΣΒΥΣ is a compound of the Greek preposition ΣΥΝ (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together,' and the noun ΠΡΕΣΒΥΣ (presbys), meaning 'old man,' 'elder,' or 'ambassador.' The combination signifies someone who is an ambassador or elder alongside others.

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-POH

Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.

G4012

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

G2532

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G0367

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ah-NAH-non

Translations: Ananus, Ananias

Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to the name Ananus, a common Jewish name in the New Testament period. It is often used to refer to the high priest Ananias. In the provided context, it refers to a specific individual named Ananus, likely the son of Ananias.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Ananus is of Hebrew origin, derived from the name Hananiah, meaning 'Yahweh has been gracious' or 'Yahweh is gracious'. It was a common name among Jews during the Second Temple period.

G0749

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ar-khee-eh-REH-ah

Translations: high priest, a high priest

Notes: This word refers to a high priest, the chief religious official in ancient Israel. It is a compound word formed from 'ἀρχή' (arche), meaning 'chief' or 'first', and 'ἱερεύς' (hiereus), meaning 'priest'. It is used to denote the head of the priestly order.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: The word ἈΡΧΙΕΡΕΥΣ is a compound of two Greek words: ἀρχή (archē), meaning 'beginning, rule, chief', and ἱερεύς (hiereus), meaning 'priest'. It literally means 'chief priest' or 'first priest'.

G2983

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: lah-BANE

Translations: to take, to receive, to get, to seize, to grasp, to obtain

Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. As an infinitive, it functions like the English 'to take' or 'to receive', indicating the action itself without specifying a subject or tense, often used after other verbs or prepositions. It can refer to physically taking something, receiving a gift or information, or grasping a concept.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ, ΑΙΡΕΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *slegh- ('to seize, to take'). In Greek, it developed into 'λαμβάνω', meaning 'to take, to grasp, to receive'.

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: DEE

Translations: through, by means of, on account of, because of, 14

Notes: This word is most commonly an elided form of the preposition ΔΙΑ (dia), meaning 'through', 'by means of', 'on account of', or 'because of'. It is used to indicate the means by which something is done or the reason for an action. It can also represent the Greek numeral 14, indicated by a keraia (a mark similar to an apostrophe) which is often omitted in transcription.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or numeral)

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΥΠΟ, ΕΝΕΚΕΝ

Etymology: The preposition ΔΙΑ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G1747

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: eh-NEH-dras

Translations: ambush, an ambush, lying in wait, a trap, a snare

Notes: This word refers to a hidden position from which to make a surprise attack, or the act of lying in wait. It can also refer to a trap or snare set to catch someone. It is often used in contexts of deception or hostile intent.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΟΛΟΣ, ΠΑΓΙΣ, ΕΠΙΒΟΥΛΗ

Etymology: From the Greek preposition ἐν (en, 'in') and the noun ἕδρα (hedra, 'seat, sitting'). It literally means 'a sitting in' or 'a sitting in wait'.

G1901

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-peh-boo-LEH-oo-en

Translations: to plot against, to conspire against, to scheme against, to lay a plot against, to devise evil against

Notes: This verb means to plot, conspire, or devise evil against someone. It implies a deliberate and often malicious intention to harm or undermine another person or group through secret plans or schemes. It is typically used with a dative object, indicating the person against whom the plot is directed.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΜΗΧΑΝΑΟΜΑΙ, ΔΟΛΟΠΛΟΚΕΩ, ΣΥΝΩΜΟΤΕΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἐπί (epi, “upon, against”) + βουλεύω (bouleuō, “to plan, advise”). It literally means 'to plan against'.

G1063

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G2025

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-ee-khei-REH-in

Translations: to attempt, to undertake, to lay hands on, to attack, to try

Notes: This verb means to put one's hand to something, to undertake an action, or to attempt to do something. It can also carry the sense of laying hands on someone, which can imply an attack or an act of violence. It is often used to describe the initiation of an action or an effort to achieve a goal.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΠΕΙΡΑΖΩ, ΤΟΛΜΑΩ, ἘΠΙΒΑΛΛΩ

Etymology: From the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'to', and the noun χείρ (cheir), meaning 'hand'. Thus, it literally means 'to put one's hand upon'.

G3756

Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΉ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.

G5111

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-TOL-ma

Translations: dared, was daring, ventured, presumed, had the courage

Notes: This word describes the act of daring, venturing, or having the courage to do something. It implies a boldness or willingness to undertake an action, often despite potential risks or opposition. It can be used in sentences to describe someone who took a bold step or acted with presumption.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΘΑΡΡΕΩ, ΤΟΛΜΗ

Etymology: The word ΤΟΛΜΑΩ comes from the noun ΤΟΛΜΑ (tolma), meaning 'daring' or 'boldness'. Its ultimate origin is uncertain, but it is related to the idea of enduring or bearing.

G4314

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G4862

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: soon

Translations: with, together with, along with

Notes: ΣΥΝ is a preposition that typically takes the dative case, meaning 'with' or 'together with', indicating association, accompaniment, or union. It is also very commonly used as a prefix in compound words, where it conveys the idea of 'togetherness', 'union', 'completion', or 'joint action'. For example, 'συντρίβω' (syntribo) means 'to break together' or 'to crush', and 'συνκαίω' (synkaio) means 'to burn together'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.

Synonyms: ΜΕΤΑ, ΟΜΟΥ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kom, meaning 'with' or 'beside'. It is cognate with Latin 'cum' and English 'co-' or 'con-'.

G0846

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

G3992

Part of Speech: Verb Participle

Sounds like: pem-FTHEN-tes

Translations: sent, having been sent, those who were sent, the ones sent

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been sent' or 'those who were sent'. It describes individuals or groups who have been dispatched, commissioned, or delegated for a specific purpose. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, indicating that the subject has undergone the action of being sent.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine, Perfect, Passive, Participle

Synonyms: ΑΠΕΣΤΑΛΜΕΝΟΙ, ΕΞΑΠΕΣΤΑΛΜΕΝΟΙ

Etymology: The word ΠΕΜΠΩ (pempō) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to send, to conduct'.

G5463

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: khai-REIN

Translations: to rejoice, to be glad, to greet, hail

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'to rejoice' or 'to be glad'. In ancient Greek letters and documents, it was commonly used as a formal greeting, similar to saying 'Greetings!' or 'Hail!' to the recipient, expressing well-wishing or good health. It can also simply mean 'to rejoice' or 'to be glad' in other contexts.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΓΑΛΛΙΑΩ, ΕΥΦΡΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: The word ΧΑΙΡΩ comes from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- 'to desire, to want'. It is related to words meaning 'joy' or 'gladness'.

G1722

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G2414

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: hee-eh-ro-so-LY-moys

Translations: (to) Jerusalem, (in) Jerusalem, (at) Jerusalem

Notes: This word refers to the city of Jerusalem, a significant city in ancient Israel and a central location in many biblical narratives. It is used here in the dative case, indicating location or direction, such as 'in Jerusalem' or 'to Jerusalem'.

Inflection: Dative, Plural

Etymology: The name 'Jerusalem' is of Hebrew origin, meaning 'foundation of peace' or 'city of peace'. It is a compound word derived from 'yara' (to found, to lay a cornerstone) and 'shalom' (peace).

G1902

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-pee-beh-boo-LEH-oo-keh-nai

Translations: to plot against, to conspire against, to scheme against

Notes: This word is the perfect active infinitive form of the verb ἐπιβουλεύω (epibouleuō), meaning 'to plot against' or 'to conspire against'. It describes an action of having plotted or conspired, often with malicious intent, against someone or something. As an infinitive, it functions like a verbal noun and can be used in various grammatical constructions, often after verbs like 'to know' or 'to say'.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΤΙΘΕΜΑΙ, ΣΥΝΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ

G4771

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: SOY

Translations: (to) you, (for) you, you

Notes: This is the second-person singular dative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'to you' or 'for you'. It can also simply translate as 'you' when the context implies a dative relationship, such as indirect object or a recipient of an action. It is used to indicate the person to whom something is given, said, or done, or for whom an action is performed. For example, 'I give to you' or 'I do this for you'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Second Person

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a very ancient pronoun, found across many Indo-European languages.

G4178

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: pol-LAK-is

Translations: often, many times, frequently

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'often' or 'frequently'. It is used to indicate that an action or event occurs on numerous occasions. For example, one might say 'he often visits' or 'it frequently happens'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΧΝΩΣ, ΠΟΛΛΑ

Etymology: The word 'ΠΟΛΛΑΚΙΣ' is derived from the adjective 'ΠΟΛΥΣ' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many', combined with the adverbial suffix '-κις' (-kis), which denotes 'times' or 'on occasions'.

G3867

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: pah-rah-ee-NEH-son-tes

Translations: exhorting, advising, admonishing, encouraging

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'παραινέω', meaning to exhort, advise, or admonish. It describes someone who is in the act of giving counsel or encouragement. It is often used to describe a person or group who is providing guidance or urging others to take a particular course of action.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Plural, Aorist, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΝΟΥΘΕΤΕΩ, ΠΑΡΑΚΑΛΕΩ, ΣΥΜΒΟΥΛΕΥΩ

G1519

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G3062

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun, Adverb

Sounds like: LOY-pon

Translations: remaining, the rest, the remainder, other, finally, henceforth, for the rest

Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'remaining' or 'other', a noun meaning 'the rest' or 'the remainder', or an adverb meaning 'finally', 'henceforth', or 'for the rest'. As an adjective, it describes what is left over. As a noun, it refers to the remaining portion or people. As an adverb, it introduces a concluding thought or indicates a future time.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΛΟΙΠΟΣ, ΚΑΤΑΛΟΙΠΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb λείπω (leípō), meaning 'to leave' or 'to remain'.

G5219

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-pah-koo-EIN

Translations: to obey, to listen, to hearken, to give ear, to submit

Notes: This word means to obey, to listen attentively, or to submit to someone or something. It implies a willingness to hear and act upon what is heard, often in the context of authority or instruction. It can be used to describe someone who follows commands or pays close attention to a message.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΠΕΙΘΩ, ΕΠΗΚΟΟΣ, ΥΠΟΤΑΣΣΩ

Etymology: From the Greek preposition ὑπό (hypo), meaning 'under', and the verb ἀκούω (akouō), meaning 'to hear'. Thus, it literally means 'to hear under' or 'to listen from below', implying submission or obedience.

G2309

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: THEH-lon-tess

Translations: wanting, wishing, desiring, intending, those who want, those who wish

Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb 'θέλω' (thelo), meaning 'to want' or 'to wish'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that is ongoing. It can be translated as 'wanting' or 'wishing', or often as 'those who want' or 'those who wish' when used substantively.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΟΜΑΙ, ΕΠΙΘΥΜΩ

Etymology: The word 'θέλω' (thelo) comes from an ancient root meaning 'to wish' or 'to will'. It is related to the concept of desire and intention.

G4238

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: prak-TEH-ohn

Translations: of things to be done, of what must be done, of duties, of actions

Notes: This word is a verbal adjective (gerundive) in the genitive plural, derived from the verb 'πράσσω' (prassō), meaning 'to do' or 'to accomplish'. It refers to things that must or ought to be done, or actions that are necessary. When used as a noun, it often translates to 'duties' or 'matters of business'. It is typically found in contexts discussing plans, obligations, or necessary actions.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΡΓΩΝ, ΠΟΙΗΤΕΩΝ

G3870

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pa-ra-ka-LOO-men

Translations: we entreat, we implore, we beseech, we exhort, we comfort, we encourage

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and the verb καλέω (kaleō), meaning 'to call'. In its present indicative form, it means 'we call alongside', which extends to 'we entreat', 'we implore', 'we beseech', 'we exhort', 'we comfort', or 'we encourage'. It is used to express a strong request, an appeal, or an act of providing solace or motivation.

Inflection: First Person Plural, Present Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΔΕΟΜΑΙ, ΑΙΤΕΩ, ΕΥΧΟΜΑΙ

G2240

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: HE-kane

Translations: to have come, to be present, to arrive, to come, to be fitting, to pertain to

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive of the verb ἥκω. It describes the state of having arrived and being present, or the action of coming. It can also be used impersonally to mean 'it is fitting' or 'it pertains to' when followed by an infinitive.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΑΡΕΙΜΙ, ΦΘΑΝΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- 'to follow'. In Greek, it evolved to mean 'to have come' or 'to be present', implying a state of having followed a path to a destination.

G3361

Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G3761

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: oo-DEH

Translations: not even, neither, nor, and not

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the conjunction 'δέ' (but, and). It is used to emphasize a negation, meaning 'not even' or 'neither/nor'. It can connect clauses or phrases, indicating that something is also not true or not happening. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'He did not go, nor did he send anyone.'

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΜΗΔΕ, ΜΗ

Etymology: From the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the postpositive conjunction 'δέ' (but, and).

G3588, G3739, G2228

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G1410

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: DY-na-it

Translations: might be able, could be able, may be able, to be able, to have power

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'δύναμαι' (dynamai), meaning 'to be able' or 'to have power'. It indicates potential or possibility, often translated as 'might be able' or 'could be able'. It describes the capacity or capability of someone or something to perform an action or achieve a state. It is frequently used in contexts where an action is contingent on certain conditions or where there is an inherent ability.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist Optative, Middle Voice

Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΩ, ΕΞΕΣΤΙΝ

Etymology: The root verb 'δύναμαι' (dynamai) comes from the noun 'δύναμις' (dynamis), meaning 'power' or 'strength'. It is related to the concept of inherent capability or force.

G0302

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: AHN

Translations: if, ever, might, would, should

Notes: This word is a particle used to express contingency, possibility, or potentiality. It does not have a direct English equivalent but modifies the meaning of the verb it accompanies, often indicating that an action is dependent on a condition or is hypothetical. It is frequently used with the subjunctive or optative moods to form conditional clauses or express indefinite temporal or relative clauses.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The origin of this particle is uncertain, but it is believed to be an ancient particle in Greek, possibly related to the concept of 'on' or 'up' in some contexts, though its primary function became conditional.

G4128

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PLAY-thoss

Translations: multitude, a multitude, crowd, a crowd, great number, abundance, a great number

Notes: This word refers to a large number or quantity of people or things. It can be used to describe a crowd of people, a large amount of something, or a general abundance. For example, it might refer to a large gathering of disciples or a great quantity of fish.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΧΛΟΣ, ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΑΓΕΛΗ

Etymology: From the Greek root *pleth-* meaning 'to be full' or 'to fill'. It is related to words indicating fullness or abundance.

G4328

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pros-doh-KOHN-tes

Translations: expecting, waiting for, looking for, anticipating

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'expecting' or 'waiting for'. It describes someone who is actively anticipating something or someone. It is often used to indicate a state of hopeful or anxious expectation, and can be used to describe people who are looking forward to a future event or the arrival of a person.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΜΕΝΟΝΤΕΣ, ΠΡΟΣΔΕΧΟΜΕΝΟΙ, ΑΠΕΚΔΕΧΟΜΕΝΟΙ

G2087

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: THA-teh-ron

Translations: the other, the other one, the one

Notes: This word is a contraction of the definite article 'τό' (the) and the adjective/pronoun 'ἕτερον' (other, another). It refers to one of two distinct things or persons, meaning 'the other' or 'the one (of two)'. It is used to distinguish between two items, often in a context where a choice or comparison is being made between them.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἕτερος (heteros) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'other' or 'different'. It is related to the English word 'other'.

G2228, G3588

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Definite Article, Numeral

Sounds like: AY

Translations: or, the, 8

Notes: This word can function as a conjunction meaning 'or', indicating an alternative or choice between two or more options. It can also be the feminine nominative singular form of the definite article 'the', used to specify a feminine noun that is the subject of a sentence. The '̓' (coronis) indicates that this form is an elision, meaning it's a shortened form of a word like ἤ (e.g., when followed by a vowel). Additionally, the '̓' could be a keraia, indicating the numeral 8.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as conjunction or numeral); Singular, Nominative, Feminine (as definite article)

Etymology: The conjunction ἤ (e.g., from which Ἠ is an elision) is of uncertain origin. The definite article ἡ (from which Ἠ is an elision) comes from Proto-Indo-European. The numeral meaning is derived from the Greek letter eta (Η), which was used to represent the number 8.

G3754

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G0864

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-fih-KO-meh-non

Translations: having come, having arrived, having reached, having returned

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'aphikneomai', meaning 'to arrive' or 'to come'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred, functioning like an adjective or adverb in a sentence. It often indicates the state of someone or something after they have reached a destination or a particular point.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Masculine, Singular, Accusative

Synonyms: ΕΛΘΟΝΤΑ, ΠΑΡΑΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΟΝ, ΗΚΟΝΤΑ

G5259

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: hoo-po-KHEI-ree-on

Translations: subject, under control, in hand, in one's power, subdued

Notes: This word describes something or someone that is under the control or power of another. It implies being subject to authority or being in a state of submission. It is often used to describe a person, city, or land that has been conquered or brought under dominion.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΥΠΟΤΑΚΤΟΣ, ΔΟΥΛΟΣ, ΥΠΗΚΟΟΣ

Etymology: The word Ὑποχείριος (hypocheirios) is a compound word formed from the preposition ὑπό (hypo), meaning 'under', and χείρ (cheir), meaning 'hand'. Thus, it literally means 'under hand', referring to being under someone's control or power.

G1863

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ep-ah-GOH-men-on

Translations: bringing upon, bringing in, leading on, bringing against, inflicting, introducing, adding

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'epagō', meaning 'to bring upon' or 'to bring in'. It describes something that is being brought, led, or inflicted upon someone or something else. It can refer to bringing a person or thing into a place, or to bringing about a consequence or a state.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Nominative/Accusative, Singular, Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΦΕΡΩ, ΠΡΟΣΑΓΩ

G4165

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: po-LEH-mee-on

Translations: enemy, hostile, an enemy, a hostile thing, adversary

Notes: This word describes something or someone that is hostile, adversarial, or an enemy. It is often used to refer to an opponent in conflict or someone who is unfriendly. It can be used substantively to mean 'an enemy' or 'an adversary'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΕΧΘΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙΚΕΙΜΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word comes from the Greek word πόλεμος (polemos), meaning 'war' or 'battle'. Thus, it refers to that which pertains to war or an enemy.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G2892

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: koh-MEE-zohn

Translations: carrying, bringing, receiving, obtaining, getting, recovering

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning "carrying" or "bringing." It describes someone who is in the act of conveying something or someone. It can also mean to receive or obtain something, or to recover something that was lost. It functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb to indicate the action being performed.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΦΕΡΩΝ, ΑΓΩΝ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩΝ

G2309

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: THRA-soos

Translations: bold, a bold, audacious, a audacious, rash, a rash, insolent, an insolent

Notes: This word describes someone who is bold, audacious, or rash. It can also imply a negative sense of being insolent or presumptuous. It is used to characterize a person's disposition or actions, often in a context where their confidence or daring might be excessive or inappropriate.

Inflection: Nominative, Singular, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΤΟΛΜΗΡΟΣ, ΑΥΘΑΔΗΣ, ΑΛΑΖΩΝ

Etymology: The word 'thrasys' comes from the Greek verb 'thrassein' (θράσσειν), meaning 'to be bold' or 'to be courageous'. It is related to the concept of daring and confidence.

G3844

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: pah-RAH

Translations: from, by, with, beside, at, near, alongside, to

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it typically means 'from' or 'from beside', indicating origin or agency. With the dative case, it means 'with', 'beside', or 'at', indicating proximity or presence. With the accusative case, it means 'alongside', 'to', or 'past', indicating motion towards or along something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΥΠΟ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'beside', 'alongside'. It is cognate with English 'for' and 'from'.

G4218

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: PO-teh

Translations: at some time, ever, once, formerly, when, at any time, sometime

Notes: This word is an adverb that indicates a point in time, often indefinite. It can mean 'at some time' or 'ever,' referring to an unspecified past or future moment. It can also mean 'once' or 'formerly' when referring to a past event. In interrogative contexts, it means 'when?'. It is used to ask about or state the timing of an action or event.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΟΤΕΡΟΝ, ΠΟΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From the interrogative stem *po- (related to 'who,' 'what') combined with the temporal suffix -te. It refers to an indefinite point in time.

G4754

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: strah-TEV-sah-MEH-nohn

Translations: of those who served as soldiers, of those who campaigned, of those who waged war

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'στρατεύω', meaning 'to serve as a soldier' or 'to campaign'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action performed by the noun it modifies. In this form, it refers to a group of people who have already completed the action of serving as soldiers or campaigning.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Masculine or Neuter, Genitive, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΕΜΗΣΑΝΤΩΝ, ΜΑΧΕΣΑΜΕΝΩΝ

Etymology: The word στρατεύω (strateuō) comes from στρατός (stratos), meaning 'army' or 'encamped army'. The suffix -εύω indicates a verb of action related to the root noun.

G5610

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: OH-rah

Translations: hour, an hour, time, season, moment

Notes: This word refers to a specific period of time, which can be an hour, a particular time of day, a season, or a crucial moment. It is often used to denote a fixed or appointed time, such as 'the hour has come' for an event to occur. It can also refer to a specific season of the year.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΑΙΡΟΣ, ΧΡΟΝΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'year, season'. It refers to a limited period of time, a season, or a specific hour.

G2235

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: AY-day

Translations: already, now, by this time, forthwith, even now

Notes: This word is an adverb used to indicate that something has happened or is happening at the present moment, or has happened prior to the present moment. It can convey a sense of immediacy or completion. For example, it can mean 'already' when referring to something that has taken place, or 'now' when emphasizing the current time.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΝΥΝ, ΑΥΤΙΚΑ, ΕΥΘΕΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁eh₂dʰ- (to be present, to be here). It is related to the demonstrative pronoun 'ho' (this) and the particle 'de' (now, indeed).

G1208

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: dehf-TEH-rah

Translations: second, a second, the second

Notes: This word means 'second' and is the feminine singular form of the adjective 'δεύτερος'. It can be used to describe something as being in the second position or order. It is often used substantively, meaning 'the second one' (referring to a feminine noun) or 'the second thing'. It can also refer to the second day of the week, Monday.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Etymology: The word 'δευτέρα' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to follow' or 'to yield'. It is related to the concept of being next in sequence.

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: kath

Translations: according to, down, against, throughout, during, by, for, with respect to, concerning

Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down' or 'according to'. It is commonly used as a prefix in compound words or as a preposition governing various cases. When used as a preposition, it can indicate movement downwards, distribution, opposition, or a standard of comparison. For example, 'καθ' ἕνα' means 'one by one', and 'καθά' means 'just as' or 'according as'. The elision (dropping of the final vowel) occurs before a word beginning with a vowel and a rough breathing mark.

Inflection: Does not inflect (it is an elided form of a preposition)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: The word 'κατά' (kata) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'down' or 'against'. It is a common preposition in ancient Greek, indicating various relationships of position, direction, or standard.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G2052

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ess-tee-OH-meh-noss

Translations: feasting, being feasted, dining, having feasted, having been feasted

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle derived from the verb 'εστιάω', meaning 'to feast' or 'to entertain'. As a participle, it describes someone who is in the state of having been feasted or having feasted. It can function adjectivally, describing a noun, or adverbially, indicating the circumstances of an action.

Inflection: Perfect Passive Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΔΕΙΠΝΕΩ, ΕΥΦΡΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: The verb 'εστιάω' comes from 'ἑστία' (hestia), meaning 'hearth' or 'fireplace', which was the center of family life and hospitality in ancient Greek culture. Thus, it originally referred to providing hospitality at one's hearth, evolving to mean 'to entertain' or 'to feast'.

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: OO-tos

Translations: this, that, he, she, it, these, those, this one, that one

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something or someone that is near, or has just been mentioned. It can function as a substantive (e.g., 'he', 'she', 'it', 'this one') or as an adjective modifying a noun (e.g., 'this man', 'these things'). It often refers to something immediately present or recently discussed in the discourse.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΔΕ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be an ancient demonstrative pronoun in Greek, possibly related to other Indo-European demonstratives.

G4316

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pros-ang-GEH-lan-tos

Translations: (of) having announced, (of) having reported, (of) having brought word

Notes: This word is a compound aorist active participle, meaning 'having announced' or 'having reported'. It is formed from the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and the verb ἀγγέλλω (aggellō), meaning 'to announce' or 'to report'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action performed by the subject of the main verb, often indicating a preceding action. It can be translated as 'when he had announced', 'after he had reported', or 'of one who announced'.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΑΠΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΑΝΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΣΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ is a compound verb formed from the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to, towards, in addition to', and the verb ἀγγέλλω (aggellō), meaning 'to announce, report, bring news'. The root ἀγγέλλω is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek.

G3610

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: oy-ke-TOO

Translations: of a household servant, of a domestic, of a slave, of a house slave

Notes: This word refers to a household servant, a domestic, or a slave who is part of a household. It emphasizes their belonging to a specific home or family, distinguishing them from other types of laborers or slaves. It is used in the genitive case, indicating possession or relationship, often translated as 'of a servant' or 'belonging to a servant'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΟΥΛΟΣ, ΥΠΗΡΕΤΗΣ

Etymology: From οἶκος (oikos, "house") and ἔχω (echō, "to have"), literally meaning "one who has a house" or "one who belongs to a house".

G5100

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE-nah

Translations: who, what, which, some, any, a certain one, something, anything

Notes: ΤΙΝΑ is an inflected form of the pronoun/adjective ΤΙΣ. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', 'anything', 'a certain one', or 'some'. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it is used in a question or a statement. It can function as both a pronoun standing alone or an adjective modifying a noun.

Inflection: Accusative Singular Masculine or Feminine, or Nominative/Accusative Plural Neuter

G2462

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ip-PEH-ah

Translations: horseman, a horseman, cavalryman, a cavalryman, knight, a knight, horsemen, cavalrymen, knights

Notes: This word refers to a horseman, a cavalryman, or a knight. It can be used to describe an individual who rides a horse, especially in a military context, or collectively to refer to a group of such individuals (cavalry). In the provided examples, it appears in the accusative singular (referring to 'a horseman') and the nominative/accusative plural (referring to 'horsemen').

Inflection: Singular Accusative, or Plural Nominative or Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΙΠΠΕΥΣ, ΚΑΒΑΛΛΑΡΙΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΙΠΠΕΥΣ (hippos) comes from the ancient Greek word for 'horse', ἵππος (híppos), combined with a suffix indicating an agent or person associated with it. Thus, it literally means 'one who is with horses' or 'one who rides horses'.

G2753

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: keh-LEF-san-tos

Translations: (of) having commanded, (of) having ordered, (of) having urged, (of) having directed

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'κελεύω', meaning 'to command' or 'to order'. As a genitive participle, it often indicates the agent or cause of an action, translating to 'of one who commanded' or 'when he commanded'. It describes someone who has given an order or instruction.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine, Aorist Active Participle

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΤΑΣΣΩ, ΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΤΩ

Etymology: The word 'κελεύω' is of uncertain origin, possibly related to 'κέλλω' (to drive, to urge).

G0782

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hees-PAH-sah-toh

Translations: he greeted, she greeted, it greeted, he saluted, she saluted, it saluted, he embraced, she embraced, it embraced, he welcomed, she welcomed, it welcomed

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist middle or passive indicative form of the verb 'ἀσπάζομαι' (aspazomai). It describes an action that happened in the past, indicating that 'he,' 'she,' or 'it' performed the action of greeting, saluting, embracing, or welcoming someone. It is often used to describe a warm reception or a formal salutation.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle or Passive Voice, Indicative Mood, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΧΑΙΡΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΥΝΕΩ

Etymology: The word ἀσπάζομαι (aspazomai) is derived from the prefix ἀ- (a-) meaning 'together' or 'with' and σπάω (spaō) meaning 'to draw' or 'to pull'. The original sense was likely 'to draw to oneself,' leading to the meaning of embracing or greeting.

G3303

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN

Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however

Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.

G3761

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: OOD

Translations: not, no, nor, neither, not even

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It is often used in combination with other negative words to strengthen the negation, such as in the phrase "οὐ μή" (ou mē), which conveys a strong, emphatic negation, often translated as "never" or "by no means." It can also function as a conjunction meaning "nor" or "neither," connecting two negative clauses or ideas.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΜΗ

Etymology: From the negative particle οὐ (ou) and the particle δέ (de), meaning 'but' or 'and'. It emphasizes the negation.

G4386

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pro-TEI-nas

Translations: stretching forth, having stretched forth, extending, having extended, offering, having offered

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ΠΡΟΤΕΙΝΩ', meaning 'to stretch forth' or 'to extend'. It describes an action that has already occurred or is ongoing, often indicating the stretching out of a hand or a part of the body, or the offering of something. It is used to describe someone who has performed the action of stretching or extending.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΚΤΕΙΝΩ, ΟΡΕΓΩ

G2240

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: HE-kon-tes

Translations: having come, those who have come, having arrived, those who have arrived

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ἥκω' (hēkō), meaning 'to have come' or 'to have arrived'. It describes someone or something that has already completed the action of coming or arriving. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, and can be translated as 'those who have come' or 'having come' depending on the context.

Inflection: Perfect Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΛΘΟΝΤΕΣ, ΠΑΡΟΝΤΕΣ

G1125

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: GRA-feh

Translations: write!, you write

Notes: This word is the second person singular present active imperative form of the verb 'γράφω', meaning 'to write'. It is a command or instruction directed at a single person, telling them to perform the action of writing. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'Write the letter!'

Inflection: Second Person, Singular, Present, Active, Imperative

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΓΡΑΦΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΡΑΦΩ, ΣΥΓΓΡΑΦΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *gerbh- 'to scratch, carve'. The meaning evolved from 'to scratch, engrave' to 'to write'.

G5037

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: TA-khees-tah

Translations: most quickly, very quickly, as quickly as possible, soonest

Notes: This word is a superlative adverb derived from the adjective 'ταχύς' (quick). It means 'most quickly' or 'as quickly as possible', indicating the highest degree of speed or immediacy. It is used to emphasize that an action should be performed with the utmost haste.

Inflection: Superlative Adverb, Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΤΑΧΕΩΣ, ΤΑΧΙΟΝ

Etymology: The word 'τάχιστα' is the superlative form of the adjective 'ταχύς' (quick, swift), which comes from Proto-Indo-European. It indicates the highest degree of speed.

G3767

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OON

Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.

G2625

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: kah-tah-KAY-meh-noy

Translations: lying down, reclining, those who are lying down, those who are reclining

Notes: This word describes the action of lying down or reclining, often in the context of being at a meal or resting. It is a compound word formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb κεῖμαι (keimai), meaning 'to lie' or 'to be laid'. It is used to refer to people who are in a reclining position.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΚΕΙΜΕΝΟΙ, ΚΑΘΗΜΕΝΟΙ

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G5111

Part of Speech: Verb, Noun

Sounds like: tol-MAN

Translations: to dare, to be bold, to venture, to presume, daring, boldness, a daring, a boldness

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'τολμάω'. It means 'to dare' or 'to be bold', indicating the act of having courage or venturing to do something, often something risky or audacious. It can also function as a noun, referring to the act of daring or the quality of boldness itself.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΘΑΡΡΕΙΝ, ΕΠΙΧΕΙΡΕΙΝ

Etymology: The word 'τολμάω' (tolmaō) is derived from the ancient Greek root 'τόλμα' (tolma), meaning 'courage' or 'daring'. Its ultimate origin is uncertain, but it is related to the concept of enduring or bearing.

G2296

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-THAV-mah-san

Translations: they marveled, they wondered, they were amazed, they admired

Notes: This is a verb in the aorist active indicative, third person plural. It means to marvel, wonder, be amazed, or admire. It describes a strong feeling of surprise, astonishment, or admiration, often implying a sense of awe or wonder at something remarkable or unexpected. It can be used to express a reaction to something beautiful, powerful, or unusual.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ἘΚΠΛΗΤΤΩ, ἘΚΘΑΜΒΕΩ

G1473

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-GOH

Translations: I, me

Notes: ἘΓΩ is the first-person singular personal pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning "I" or "me." It refers to the speaker and functions primarily as the subject of a sentence. While the first-person singular verb ending often makes the pronoun redundant, ἘΓΩ is frequently used for emphasis, similar to saying "I myself" or "even I" in English. It can also be used to clarify the subject when multiple individuals are involved.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Nominative

Etymology: This word is an ancient pronoun, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has cognates in many Indo-European languages, reflecting a shared linguistic heritage.

G2521

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ka-the-ZESTH-ai

Translations: to sit down, to be seated, to reside, to encamp, to besiege

Notes: This word is an infinitive form of the verb meaning 'to sit down' or 'to be seated'. It can also be used in a military context to mean 'to encamp' or 'to besiege', implying a prolonged sitting or staying in one place. It is a compound word formed from the preposition κατά (kata, 'down') and the verb ἕζομαι (hezomai, 'to sit').

Inflection: Infinitive, Present or Aorist, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΚΑΘΗΜΑΙ, ΚΑΘΙΖΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΑΘΕΖΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΘΕΖΟΜΑΙ is a compound of the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb ἕζομαι (hezomai), meaning 'to sit'. The root ἕζομαι is related to the Proto-Indo-European root for 'to sit'.

G3870

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: par-eh-ka-LOON

Translations: they were calling alongside, they were exhorting, they were comforting, they were appealing to, they were entreating, they were encouraging

Notes: This word is the third person plural imperfect active indicative form of the verb παρακαλέω (parakaleō). It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, meaning 'they were calling someone to their side,' 'they were exhorting,' 'they were comforting,' 'they were appealing to,' or 'they were encouraging.' It implies a continuous or habitual action of summoning, urging, or consoling.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΑΚΑΛΟΥΝΤΕΣ, ΠΑΡΑΚΑΛΟΥΜΕΝΟΙ, ΠΑΡΑΚΑΛΟΥΣΙΝ

Etymology: The word παρακαλέω is a compound of παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside,' and καλέω (kaleō), meaning 'to call.' Thus, its core meaning is 'to call to one's side.'

G4850

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-DIPE-nane

Translations: to dine with, to eat with, to feast with

Notes: This is a compound verb meaning 'to dine with' or 'to eat together with'. It describes the act of sharing a meal with someone, often implying companionship or fellowship during the meal. It is formed from the prefix 'συν-' (syn-), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb 'δειπνέω' (deipneō), meaning 'to dine'.

Inflection: Present Active Infinitive

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΕΣΘΙΩ, ΣΥΝΤΡΑΠΕΖΕΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the prefix ΣΥΝ- (syn-), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΔΕΙΠΝΕΩ (deipneō), meaning 'to dine'. ΔΕΙΠΝΕΩ itself comes from ΔΕΙΠΝΟΝ (deipnon), meaning 'dinner' or 'meal'.

G0720

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ar-nee-SAH-meh-noo

Translations: denying, having denied, disowning, rejecting, refusing

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'arnéomai', meaning to deny, disown, or refuse. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is ongoing, functioning like an adjective or adverb in a sentence. It indicates someone who has performed the act of denying or disowning something or someone.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Masculine, Singular, Genitive

Synonyms: ΑΠΑΡΝΕΟΜΑΙ, ΑΘΕΤΕΩ

G2192

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EE-khon

Translations: had, were having, possessed, held

Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past. It can be used to indicate possession, a state of being, or to describe an action that was happening over a period of time in the past. For example, 'they had' or 'they were holding'.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΤΩΜΑΙ, ΚΕΚΤΗΜΑΙ, ΕΠΙΛΑΜΒΑΝΟΜΑΙ

G5613

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G1209

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-DEK-sah-meen

Translations: I received, I accepted, I welcomed, I took, I entertained

Notes: This is the first person singular aorist middle indicative form of the verb ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ (dechomai), meaning 'to receive' or 'to accept'. It describes an action completed in the past, where the subject performed the action upon themselves or for their own benefit (middle voice). It can be used in contexts such as receiving a gift, accepting a teaching, or welcoming a person.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle, First Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΥΠΟΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΣΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ (dechomai) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *deǵ- meaning 'to take, to receive'. It is related to Latin 'decere' (to be fitting) and Sanskrit 'daśasyati' (to honor).

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G5384

Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: fee-LOOS

Translations: friends, beloved ones, dear ones, beloved, dear

Notes: This word can function as a noun meaning 'friend' or 'beloved one', or as an adjective meaning 'dear' or 'beloved'. It is used to refer to individuals or groups who are cherished, loved, or closely associated with someone. In the provided examples, it consistently refers to 'friends' or 'beloved ones' in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of an action.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΤΑΙΡΟΣ, ΣΥΝΕΡΓΟΣ

G2087

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: EH-teh-ROHN

Translations: of others, of other things, of different ones

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'heteros', meaning 'other' or 'another'. It often implies a difference in kind or quality, distinguishing it from 'allos' which means 'another of the same kind'. It is used to refer to things or people that are distinct or different from those previously mentioned or understood.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΩΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the Latin word 'alter' (other, another).

G4160

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-poy-OO-meen

Translations: I was making, I was doing, I was producing, I was creating, I was performing, I was being made, I was being done

Notes: This word is a verb in the imperfect tense, indicating an ongoing or repeated action in the past. As a middle or passive voice form, it can mean 'I was doing something for myself' (middle) or 'I was being made/done' (passive). It describes an action that was in progress at a specific time in the past.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Imperfect, Indicative, Middle or Passive

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, after, among, behind, by, in company with, in pursuit of, according to

Notes: This word is a preposition that can also function as an adverb. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it usually means 'after' or 'behind' (indicating sequence or pursuit). It can also denote a change of state or position.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases)

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'μετά' (meta) comes from Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is related to English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G1817

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: eks-an-AS-tas

Translations: having risen up, having stood up, rising up, standing up

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having risen up' or 'having stood up'. It describes an action that has been completed before the main verb of the sentence. It can function adverbially, indicating the manner or time of an action, or adjectivally, describing a noun.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ἈΝΑΣΤΑΣ, ἘΓΕΡΘΕΙΣ

Etymology: The word ἐξανίστημι (exanistēmi) is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb ἀνίστημι (anistēmi), meaning 'to make to stand up' or 'to raise up'. The prefix ἐξ- (ex-) intensifies the action, giving the sense of 'rising up out of' or 'standing forth'.

G0630

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-po-LOO-sas

Translations: having released, having sent away, having dismissed, having divorced, having let go

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having released' or 'having sent away'. It describes an action completed in the past by the subject. It is often used to indicate a preceding action that leads to the main verb's action. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb λύω (lyō), meaning 'to loose' or 'to release'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ἈΦΙΗΜΙ, ἘΚΒΑΛΛΩ, ΠΕΜΠΩ

Etymology: The word ἀπολύω is a compound of the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb λύω (lyō), meaning 'to loose', 'to release', or 'to untie'. The combination signifies a complete separation or release from something.

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to

Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.

G3440

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: MO-non

Translations: only, alone, merely, a single, a solitary

Notes: This word can function as an adverb meaning 'only' or 'merely', indicating exclusivity or limitation. It can also be the neuter singular form of the adjective 'ΜΟΝΟΣ', meaning 'alone' or 'solitary', describing something as being by itself or unique. In its adverbial use, it often modifies verbs or clauses to emphasize that something is done exclusively or that a condition applies solely to one thing.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (as adjective); Does not inflect (as adverb)

Synonyms: ΜΟΝΩΣ, ΜΟΝΟΓΕΝΗΣ

G0316

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-nang-KAI-ohn

Translations: of necessary things, of essential things, of important things, of urgent things, of indispensable things

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'ἀναγκαῖος' (anagkaios), meaning 'necessary,' 'essential,' 'important,' or 'urgent.' It describes things that are indispensable or required. In this inflected form, it would typically be used to indicate possession, origin, or a relationship 'of' or 'belonging to' necessary or important matters.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΓΚΑΙΩΝ, ΧΡΗΣΙΜΩΝ, ΕΠΕΙΓΟΝΤΩΝ

G4357

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-MEH-nai

Translations: to remain, to abide, to continue, to wait for, to stay with

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to, toward, with', and the verb μένω (menō), meaning 'to remain, to abide'. As an infinitive, it expresses the action of remaining or continuing in a particular place or state, or waiting for someone or something. It can be used to indicate perseverance or steadfastness.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΜΕΝΩ, ΥΠΟΜΕΝΩ, ΔΙΑΜΕΝΩ

Etymology: The verb προσμένω (prosménō) is a compound of the preposition πρός (prós), meaning 'to, toward, with', and the verb μένω (ménō), meaning 'to remain, to abide'. The prefix πρός adds a sense of direction or addition to the act of remaining.

G2753

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: keh-LEH-oo-sas

Translations: commanding, having commanded, ordering, having ordered, bidding, having bidden

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'κελεύω' (keleuō), meaning 'to command' or 'to order'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is ongoing, often functioning like an adjective or adverb. It can be translated as 'the one who commanded,' 'having commanded,' or 'when he commanded,' depending on the context.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΤΑΣΣΩ, ΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΤΩ, ΔΙΑΤΑΣΣΩ

Etymology: The word κελεύω (keleuō) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to κέλλω (kello), meaning 'to drive, urge on'.

G4367

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-TAK-sas

Translations: having commanded, having ordered, having instructed, having appointed

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having commanded' or 'having ordered'. It describes an action that was completed in the past and has a direct bearing on the present situation or subsequent events. It is often used to indicate that someone has given an authoritative directive or instruction.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΝΤΕΙΛΑΜΕΝΟΣ, ΚΕΛΕΥΣΑΣ, ΕΠΙΤΑΞΑΣ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΣΤΑΣΣΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΠΡΟΣ (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and ΤΑΣΣΩ (tassō), meaning 'to arrange' or 'to appoint'. Thus, it literally means 'to arrange towards' or 'to appoint to', leading to the sense of commanding or ordering.

G0380

Part of Speech: Participle, Verb

Sounds like: ah-nah-PTOO-xahs

Translations: unfolding, unrolling, opening, having unfolded, having unrolled, having opened

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb ἀναπτύσσω (anaptyssō), meaning 'to unfold' or 'to unroll'. It is a compound word formed from ἀνά (aná, 'up, back') and πτύσσω (ptyssō, 'to fold'). It describes the action of unrolling something, typically a scroll or book, to reveal its contents. It is often used in narrative contexts to indicate an action completed before another, such as 'having unrolled the scroll, he found the place'.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ἈΝΟΙΓΩ, ἘΚΤΕΙΝΩ

Etymology: The verb ἀναπτύσσω (anaptyssō) is a compound of ἀνά (aná), meaning 'up' or 'back', and πτύσσω (ptyssō), meaning 'to fold'. The combination conveys the action of unfolding or unrolling something that was previously folded or rolled up.

G3367

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: may-DEH-nos

Translations: of no one, of nothing, of any, of anything

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the pronoun/adjective 'μηδείς' (mēdeis), meaning 'no one' or 'nothing'. It is used to indicate possession or relationship, similar to 'of no one' or 'of nothing' in English. It can also function as an adjective meaning 'no' or 'not any', agreeing in case, number, and gender with the noun it modifies. It is used in negative clauses, often following a negative particle like 'μή' (mē).

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΝΟΣ, ΟΥΔΕΙΣ

G5035

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: ta-KHOO

Translations: quick, swift, fast, quickly, swiftly, soon, immediately

Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'quick' or 'swift', describing something that moves or happens at a high speed. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'quickly', 'swiftly', 'soon', or 'immediately', indicating the manner or timing of an action. For example, it can describe a 'swift witness' or an action that happens 'quickly'.

Inflection: Neuter Singular Nominative or Accusative (as adjective), Adverbial form (as adverb)

Synonyms: ΕΥΘΕΩΣ, ΑΙΦΝΙΔΙΩΣ, ΣΠΕΥΔΩ

Etymology: The word ΤΑΧΥ (tachy) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *teh₂g- meaning 'to touch, to handle', which evolved to imply speed or quickness in Greek.

G1125

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ge-gra-mMEH-non

Translations: (of) written, (of) written things, (of) the things written, (of) the scriptures

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the perfect passive participle of the verb 'γράφω' (graphō), meaning 'to write'. It is often used substantively, referring to 'the things that have been written' or 'the scriptures'. It indicates something that has been recorded or set down in writing, and in a religious context, it frequently refers to sacred texts.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Genitive, Plural, All genders

Synonyms: ΒΙΒΛΙΩΝ, ΓΡΑΦΩΝ

G4591

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-see-MEH-nah-mehn

Translations: I indicated, I showed, I signified, I gave a sign

Notes: This word is a verb in the aorist tense, middle voice, first person singular. It means 'I indicated' or 'I showed'. It describes an action completed in the past where the subject performs the action for themselves or in their own interest. It can be used to describe giving a sign, making known, or signifying something.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle, 1st Person Singular

Synonyms: ΔΗΛΟΩ, ΦΑΙΝΩ, ΕΝΔΕΙΚΝΥΜΙ

Etymology: The word ΣΗΜΑΙΝΩ comes from the Greek word σῆμα (sēma), meaning 'sign' or 'mark'. It developed to mean 'to give a sign' or 'to signify'.

G4267

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: proh-ah-neg-NOH-koss

Translations: having read beforehand, having known beforehand, having understood beforehand

Notes: This word is a perfect active participle, meaning 'having read beforehand' or 'having known beforehand'. It describes an action completed in the past that has ongoing relevance to the present. It is a compound word formed from the prefix 'προ-' (before), 'ἀνα-' (up, again, or thoroughly), and 'γιγνώσκω' (to know, to read). It is used to indicate someone who has prior knowledge or has previously read something.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Perfect Active Participle

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΕΓΝΩΚΩΣ, ΠΡΟΕΙΔΩΣ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the prefix 'προ-' (pro-), meaning 'before' or 'in front of', and 'ἀναγιγνώσκω' (anagignōskō). The verb 'ἀναγιγνώσκω' itself is a compound of 'ἀνά' (ana-), meaning 'up' or 'again', and 'γιγνώσκω' (gignōskō), meaning 'to know' or 'to learn'.

G0235

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: AL-lah

Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed

Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.

G2192

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: EKH-ohn

Translations: having, holding, possessing, being in possession of

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. As a participle, it functions like a verbal adjective, describing someone or something that is in the act of having or holding something. It can be translated as 'having' or 'one who has', and often introduces a clause explaining what someone possesses or is doing.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΚΕΚΤΗΜΕΝΟΣ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩΝ

Etymology: The verb ἔχω (echō) comes from Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ- ('to hold, to have'). It is a common verb in ancient Greek, with a wide range of meanings related to possession, state, and action.

G2184

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: eh-PHO-dee-on

Translations: provision, a provision, supplies, viaticum

Notes: This word refers to provisions or supplies, especially those needed for a journey. It can also refer to the means or resources for any undertaking. It is typically used in a general sense to denote necessary sustenance or equipment.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΣΙΤΙΣΜΟΣ, ΣΙΤΙΑ, ΤΡΟΦΗ

Etymology: The word ἘΦΟΔΙΟΝ comes from the Greek preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'for', and ὁδός (hodos), meaning 'way' or 'journey'. Thus, it literally means 'that which is for the way' or 'that which is for a journey'.

G1325

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: doh-THEE-nai

Translations: to be given, to be granted, to be bestowed

Notes: This word is the aorist passive infinitive form of the verb 'δίδωμι' (didomi), meaning 'to give'. Therefore, 'δοθῆναι' means 'to be given' or 'to be granted'. It describes an action of receiving something without specifying who is doing the giving. It is often used in constructions where the subject of the main verb is the recipient of the action.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΕΙΝ, ΠΑΡΕΧΕΣΘΑΙ

Etymology: The word 'δίδωμι' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to give'. It is a reduplicated present tense verb, characteristic of many ancient Indo-European languages.

G2983

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: lah-BON-tos

Translations: of taking, of receiving, of seizing, of grasping, of obtaining, of getting, of acquiring, of accepting

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'λαμβάνω', meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. As a genitive singular masculine/neuter participle, it describes the action of 'one who is taking' or 'one who has taken', often indicating possession or the source of an action. It can be translated as 'of the one taking' or 'of him who took'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Aorist Active Participle

Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ, ΑΙΡΕΩ

G5485

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHA-rin

Translations: grace, favor, kindness, thanks, a grace, a favor, a kindness, a thanks

Notes: This word refers to grace, favor, or kindness, often implying a divine or unmerited gift. It can also mean thanks or gratitude. In its accusative form, as seen in ΧΑΡΙΝ, it often functions as the direct object of a verb, such as 'to find favor' or 'to give thanks'. It can also be used in adverbial phrases meaning 'for the sake of' or 'on account of'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΥΝΟΙΑ, ΔΩΡΟΝ, ΕΥΧΑΡΙΣΤΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΧΑΡΙΣ (charis) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰer- meaning 'to desire, to like'. It is related to words signifying joy, delight, and goodwill.

G5346

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: fay-SAN-tos

Translations: of having said, of one who said, of saying

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'φημί' (phēmi), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb and indicating an action that occurred prior to the main verb. In this genitive form, it often translates as 'of one who said' or 'of having said', indicating possession or relationship concerning the act of speaking.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Aorist Active Participle

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩΝ, ΕΙΠΩΝ, ΛΑΛΩΝ

G0151

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ais-khro-KER-dee-an

Translations: sordid gain, shameful profit, dishonest gain, a sordid gain, a shameful profit, a dishonest gain

Notes: This is a compound noun referring to the pursuit of gain through shameful or dishonest means. It describes the act or practice of seeking profit in a base, ignoble, or illicit way. It implies a moral condemnation of the method used to acquire wealth.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΛΕΟΝΕΞΙΑ, ἈΝΟΜΙΑ

Etymology: This word is a compound of two Greek words: αἰσχρός (aischros), meaning 'shameful' or 'base', and κέρδος (kerdos), meaning 'gain' or 'profit'. It describes the concept of shameful or dishonest gain.

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOW-tay

Translations: of this, to this, by this, with this, this

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the demonstrative pronoun 'οὗτος' (houtos), meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something specific that is near the speaker or has just been mentioned. As a feminine singular form, it can function as either a genitive case, indicating possession or origin (e.g., 'of this woman'), or a dative case, indicating indirect object or means (e.g., 'to this woman' or 'by means of this'). Its precise meaning depends on the context and the preposition it might be used with.

Inflection: Feminine, Singular, Genitive or Dative

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΗ, ΕΚΕΙΝΗ

Etymology: The word 'οὗτος' (houtos), from which 'ταύτῃ' is derived, is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek. It is believed to have originated from a combination of the definite article and a pronominal stem, indicating proximity or reference to something previously mentioned.

G3122

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: MA-lis-TA

Translations: especially, most, indeed, yes, certainly, above all

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'especially,' 'most,' or 'above all.' It is often used to emphasize a particular point or item in a list. It can also be used as a strong affirmation, meaning 'yes,' 'certainly,' or 'indeed.'

Inflection: Superlative form of ΜΑΛΑ; Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΑΛΛΟΝ, ΠΕΡΙΣΣΟΤΕΡΩΣ

Etymology: From the adverb ΜΑΛΑ (mala), meaning 'very' or 'much.' ΜΑΛΙΣΤΑ is its superlative form, indicating 'most' or 'very much so.'

G0252

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-LOH-see-mos

Translations: capturable, able to be taken, vulnerable, conquerable

Notes: This word describes something that is capable of being captured, taken, or conquered. It is used to indicate that a place, person, or thing is vulnerable to being overcome or seized.

Inflection: Masculine, Feminine, Neuter; Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, Dative; Singular, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΛΩΤΟΣ, ΛΗΠΤΟΣ

Etymology: Derived from the verb 'αλίσκομαι' (haliskomai), meaning 'to be captured' or 'to be taken', which itself comes from the root 'αλ-' (hal-). The suffix '-σιμος' (-simos) indicates capability or fitness for something.

G0243

Part of Speech: Prefix

Sounds like: ALL

Translations: other, another, different, foreign

Notes: This is a prefix form of the word 'ἄλλος' (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to form compound words that convey the idea of something being different, foreign, or belonging to another group. For example, 'ἀλλογενῶν' means 'of other races', 'ἀλλότριοι' means 'strangers' or 'foreigners', and 'ἀλλόφυλους' means 'foreigners' or 'of another tribe'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix)

Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.

G1519, G1487, G1488

Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb

Sounds like: E

Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are

Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).

G4848

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soom-pee-EIN

Translations: to drink with, to drink together

Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'συμπίνω' (sympinō), meaning 'to drink with' or 'to drink together'. It is a compound word formed from 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and 'πίνω' (pinō), meaning 'to drink'. It describes the action of sharing a drink with someone or drinking in company.

Inflection: Infinitive, Aorist, Active

Etymology: The word συμπίνω (sympinō) is a compound verb formed from the preposition σύν (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb πίνω (pinō), meaning 'to drink'.

G5346

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-FAYN

Translations: I said, he said, she said, it said

Notes: This is the first aorist active indicative form of the verb 'φημί' (phēmi), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to report what someone said in the past, often translated as 'I said' or 'he/she/it said' depending on the context. It can refer to a specific utterance or a general statement made previously.

Inflection: First Aorist, Active, Indicative, Singular, First or Third Person

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΕΙΠΩΝ, ΛΑΛΕΩ

Etymology: The verb φημί (phēmi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeh₂- meaning 'to speak, tell, say'. It is related to Latin fari ('to speak') and English 'ban' (in the sense of proclamation).

G3028

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: LEEP-say

Translations: to a taking, to a receiving, to a perception, to a comprehension, to a seizure, to a capture

Notes: This word is a noun derived from the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. In its dative form, it indicates the indirect object of an action, signifying 'to' or 'for' a taking, receiving, or understanding. It can refer to the act of grasping something physically or mentally, such as a concept or an idea.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΛΗΨΙΣ, ΑΝΤΙΛΗΨΙΣ, ΚΑΤΑΛΗΨΙΣ

G1406

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: drakh-MEN

Translations: drachma, a drachma, coin, a coin

Notes: This word refers to a drachma, which was a silver coin and a unit of currency in ancient Greece. It was commonly used for wages or as a measure of value, similar to how a dollar or euro is used today. For example, one might be paid a drachma for a day's work.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΡΓΥΡΙΟΝ, ΝΟΜΙΣΜΑ

Etymology: The word "drachma" comes from the Greek verb δράσσομαι (drassomai), meaning 'to grasp' or 'to take a handful'. This refers to an earlier time when a drachma was a handful of six obols (small iron spits used as currency).

G3392

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: mee-AH-n

Translations: to defile, to pollute, to contaminate, to stain

Notes: This word describes the act of making something unclean, impure, or unholy. It can refer to physical defilement, such as staining or polluting, or to moral and spiritual defilement, such as corrupting or profaning. It is often used in a religious context to describe ritual impurity or sin.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΜΟΛΥΝΩ, ΡΥΠΑΙΝΩ, ΒΕΒΗΛΟΩ

Etymology: The word 'μιαίνω' (miainō) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It is related to the concept of defilement and impurity.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G0782

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: AS-meh-nos

Translations: glad, joyful, well-pleased, with pleasure, gladly, joyfully

Notes: This word describes someone who is glad, joyful, or well-pleased. It can also be used adverbially to mean 'gladly' or 'joyfully', indicating that an action is performed with pleasure or eagerness. It often implies a welcoming or willing attitude towards something.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΧΑΙΡΩΝ, ΕΥ̓ΦΡΑΙΝΟΜΕΝΟΣ, ἩΔΥΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΣΜΕΝΟΣ is derived from the verb ἥδομαι (hēdomai), meaning 'to be pleased' or 'to delight in'. It conveys the sense of being delighted or welcomed.

G5219

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-pee-KOO-sen

Translations: he obeyed, she obeyed, it obeyed, he listened, she listened, it listened, hearkened

Notes: This word means to obey, to listen attentively, or to hearken. It often implies a sense of submission or compliance with what is heard, particularly in response to a command or authority. It is used to describe someone who has followed instructions or yielded to a request.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΠΕΙΘΩ, ΑΚΟΥΩ

Etymology: The word Ὑπακούω (hypakouō) is a compound word formed from the preposition ὑπό (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'in response to', and the verb ἀκούω (akouō), meaning 'to hear'. Thus, it literally means 'to hear under' or 'to hear in response to', conveying the idea of listening and then acting in accordance with what is heard.

G4374

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pros-FEH-roh-me-nos

Translations: offering, bringing, presenting, being offered, being brought, being presented

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle of the verb 'prospherō'. It describes an action that is ongoing, where someone or something is either offering/bringing something (middle voice) or being offered/brought (passive voice). It can be used to describe the one who is doing the offering or the thing that is being offered, depending on the context and voice.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative, Present, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΦΕΡΩΝ, ΔΙΔΟΥΣ, ΠΑΡΕΧΩΝ

G5228

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-PER

Translations: over, above, for, on behalf of, concerning, beyond, more than

Notes: ΥΠΕΡ is a Koine Greek preposition. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often means 'on behalf of', 'for the sake of', 'concerning', or 'instead of'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'over', 'above', 'beyond', or 'more than', often indicating position or motion.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΙ, ΠΕΡΙ, ΑΝΤΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *uperi, meaning 'over, above'. It is cognate with English 'over' and Latin 'super'.

G4119

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: PLEH-on

Translations: more, a greater amount, a greater number, further, moreover, besides

Notes: This word signifies 'more' or 'greater' and can function as both an adjective and an adverb. As an adjective, it describes a larger quantity or degree of something. As an adverb, it indicates an increase in action or extent, often translated as 'further' or 'moreover'. It is the neuter singular form of the adjective 'πλέων'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative (as an adjective); Does not inflect (as an adverb)

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΣΣΟΤΕΡΟΝ, ΜΑΛΛΟΝ

Etymology: The word 'πλέων' (pleōn) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to fill' or 'full'. It is related to words signifying abundance or completion.

G0694

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ar-GY-ree-on

Translations: silver, a silver coin, money, a piece of money

Notes: This word refers to silver, either as the metal itself or, more commonly in the New Testament, as silver coins or money in general. It is often used to denote wealth or payment. For example, it can refer to the thirty pieces of silver Judas received for betraying Jesus.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΡΓΥΡΟΣ, ΧΡΗΜΑΤΑ

Etymology: From the Greek word ἀργύριον (argyriōn), which is a diminutive of ἄργυρος (argyros), meaning 'silver'. It refers to something made of silver or a small piece of silver.

G3765

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: ook-EH-tee

Translations: no longer, no more, not yet, not still

Notes: This is a compound adverb formed from the negative particle 'οὐκ' (not) and the adverb 'ἔτι' (yet, still). It signifies the cessation of a state or action, meaning 'no longer' or 'no more'. It can also mean 'not yet' in certain contexts, indicating that something has not happened up to the present time. It is used to express that something that was true or happening is no longer the case.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΚΕΤΙ, ΟΥ̓Κ, ἜΤΙ

Etymology: The word ΟΥ̓ΚΕΤΙ is a compound of the negative particle ΟΥ̓Κ (not) and the adverb ἜΤΙ (yet, still).

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G0667

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-POR-ray-tah

Translations: unspeakable, secret, forbidden, inexpressible, secret things, forbidden things

Notes: This word is an adjective that describes something as unspeakable, secret, or forbidden. It is often used in the neuter plural form, as in this case, to refer to 'secret things' or 'forbidden things' that cannot or should not be spoken. It implies a sense of mystery, sacredness, or prohibition.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΡΡΗΤΟΣ, ΜΥΣΤΗΡΙΑ

Etymology: The word ἈΠΟΡΡΗΤΟΣ is a compound of the prefix ἈΠΟ- (apo-), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb ΡΗΤΟΣ (rhetos), meaning 'spoken' or 'said'. Thus, it literally means 'that which is spoken away from' or 'that which is not to be spoken'.

G4722

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: STEG-ayn

Translations: to bear, to endure, to cover, to conceal, to hold back, to keep secret

Notes: ΣΤΕΓΕΙΝ is the present active infinitive form of the verb ΣΤΕΓΩ. It means to bear or endure something, often in the sense of patiently putting up with difficulties or hardships. It can also mean to cover or conceal, implying the act of keeping something hidden or secret, or protecting something by covering it. In the provided context, it refers to the inability to keep secrets.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΥΠΟΜΕΝΩ, ΚΡΥΠΤΩ, ΚΑΛΥΠΤΩ

Etymology: From the root of στέγω (stegō, “to cover, to roof”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teg- (“to cover”).

G1410

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-DY-nah-toh

Translations: was able, could, had power

Notes: This word is the imperfect tense of the verb 'δύναμαι' (dynamai), meaning 'to be able' or 'to have power'. It describes an ongoing or repeated ability or capacity in the past. It is often used to express that someone 'could' or 'was able' to do something, or 'had the power' to do it, but the action might not have been completed or was a continuous state.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ἸΣΧΥΩ, ἘΞΕΣΤΙΝ

G2065

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-roh-TOH-meh-nos

Translations: being asked, being questioned, being requested

Notes: This is a present passive participle, masculine, singular, nominative case, derived from the verb 'erōtaō'. It describes someone who is in the process of being asked, questioned, or requested. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, indicating that the subject is the recipient of the action of asking.

Inflection: Participle, Present, Passive, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΑΙΤΟΥΜΕΝΟΣ, ΠΥΝΘΑΝΟΜΕΝΟΣ

G5037

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle

Sounds like: TEH

Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.

G4863

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: soon-es-keh-vas-MEH-neen

Translations: packed up, prepared, equipped, gathered together

Notes: This word is a compound participle, formed from the prefix 'συν-' (together with) and the verb 'σκευάζω' (to prepare, to pack). It describes something that has been packed up, prepared, or gathered together. It implies a state of readiness or completion, often in the context of travel or moving, where belongings are packed away.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine, Perfect, Passive

Synonyms: ΕΤΟΙΜΟΣ, ΠΑΡΑΣΚΕΥΑΖΩ, ΣΥΝΑΓΩ

G1917

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: eh-pee-boo-LEEHN

Translations: plot, a plot, conspiracy, a conspiracy, ambush, an ambush, treachery, a treachery

Notes: This word refers to a deliberate plan or scheme, often with malicious intent, such as a plot, conspiracy, or treachery. It can also refer to an ambush. It is typically used in contexts where someone is devising a harmful plan against another.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΟΛΟΣ, ΕΝΕΔΡΑ, ΣΥΝΩΜΟΣΙΑ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙΒΟΥΛΗ (epiboulē) is a compound word formed from the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'against', and ΒΟΥΛΗ (boulē), meaning 'counsel' or 'plan'. Thus, it literally means 'a plan against' or 'counsel against'.

G3844

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: pa-RAH

Translations: beside, by, near, from, with, at, along, beyond, against, through, in the presence of, alongside, a

Notes: This word functions primarily as a preposition, indicating proximity, origin, or comparison. It can mean 'beside,' 'from,' 'with,' 'at,' or 'alongside,' depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used as a prefix in compound words, it often conveys ideas of proximity, deviation, or intensity, such as 'alongside,' 'beyond,' 'contrary to,' or 'through.'

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΣΥΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *per- (meaning 'forward, through'). It is cognate with English 'for' and 'through'.

G0846

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOYS

Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her

Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TAWT

Translations: this, that, these, those

Notes: ΤΑΥΤ is an inflected form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective 'οὗτος' (houtos), meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something specific, either near in space or time, or recently mentioned. It can function as a pronoun, standing in for a noun, or as an adjective, modifying a noun. Its meaning can shift slightly depending on the gender, number, and case.

Inflection: Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural; or Feminine, Genitive, Singular

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

G0001

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: an-tee-GRAH-foh

Translations: to copy, to write back, to transcribe, to reply in writing

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from ἀντί (anti, meaning 'against' or 'in return') and γράφω (grapho, meaning 'to write'). It means to write back in response, to make a copy of something written, or to transcribe a document. It can be used in contexts where one is replying to a letter or creating a duplicate of a text.

Inflection: First Person Singular, Present Tense, Active Voice, Indicative Mood

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΓΡΑΦΩ, ΜΕΤΑΓΡΑΦΩ, ἈΝΤΙΦΩΝΕΩ

Etymology: This word is a compound of the preposition ἀντί (anti), meaning 'against' or 'in return', and the verb γράφω (grapho), meaning 'to write'. The combination signifies writing in opposition or in response, or writing a copy.

G2501

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-OH-say-poss

Translations: Joseph

Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to the male personal name Joseph. It is a common name in biblical texts, appearing frequently in both the Old and New Testaments. It is used to identify individuals, such as Joseph, the husband of Mary, or Joseph of Arimathea.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name ἸΩΣΗΠΟΣ (Iōsēpos) is of Hebrew origin, derived from the Hebrew name יוסף (Yosef), meaning 'He will add' or 'May he add'. It was a very common name among Jews and was transliterated into Greek.

G4441

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: poo-THOH-meh-nos

Translations: having learned, having inquired, having heard, having ascertained, having understood

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'πυνθάνομαι', meaning 'to learn by inquiry', 'to inquire', or 'to ascertain'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred and is related to the main verb of the sentence. It often conveys the sense of 'having learned' or 'having heard' something, leading to a subsequent action. For example, 'Having learned the news, he departed.'

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΑΚΟΥΣΑΣ, ΜΑΘΩΝ, ΕΠΙΓΝΟΥΣ

G2237

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: HAY-doh-my

Translations: to be pleased, to delight in, to take pleasure in, to enjoy

Notes: This verb means to be pleased, to delight in, or to take pleasure in something. It often implies a strong sense of enjoyment or satisfaction. It is typically used with a dative case object, indicating what one takes pleasure in.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Indicative, First Person Singular

Synonyms: ΧΑΙΡΩ, ΕΥΦΡΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: From the root of HĒDYS (sweet, pleasant), meaning to be sweet to oneself, hence to take pleasure. It is related to the concept of pleasure and delight.

G3860

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: pa-ra-DOOS

Translations: having delivered, having handed over, having given up, having betrayed, having committed, having entrusted

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'παραδίδωμι' (paradidōmi), meaning 'to hand over,' 'to deliver,' 'to give up,' or 'to betray.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. It often indicates the agent who performed the action of handing over or delivering something, or the state of having done so. For example, it can be used to describe someone who has delivered a message, handed over a prisoner, or betrayed a trust.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Active

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΕΠΙΔΙΔΩΜΙ

G1759

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: en-THA-deh

Translations: here, hither, in this place

Notes: This word is an adverb indicating location, meaning 'here' or 'in this place'. It is used to specify a position or direction towards the speaker or a designated location. For example, it can be used to say 'come here' or 'stand here'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ὩΔΕ, ἘΝΤΑΥ͂ΘΑ

Etymology: This word is formed from the demonstrative adverb ἔνθα (entha), meaning 'there' or 'where', combined with the suffix -δε (-de), which indicates motion towards a place. Thus, it means 'to this place' or 'here'.

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that

Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.

G3819

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: pa-LAI

Translations: long ago, of old, formerly, anciently

Notes: This word is an adverb of time, meaning 'long ago' or 'of old'. It is used to refer to events or states that occurred in the distant past. It can modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, indicating that the action or quality described happened or existed a considerable time before the present.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΝΩΘΕΝ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΝ

Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to spread, flat'. In Greek, it developed to refer to something that is 'old' or 'ancient', leading to its use as an adverb for 'long ago'.

G4160

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: poy-EH-in

Translations: to do, to make, to produce, to create, to perform, to accomplish, to bring about

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'ποιέω' (poieō), meaning 'to do' or 'to make'. It is a very common verb in Koine Greek and can be used in a wide range of contexts, from physical actions like making something, to abstract actions like performing a deed or bringing something about. It often indicates the execution of an action or the creation of an object.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ

Etymology: The word 'ποιέω' (poieō) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to an old root meaning 'to make' or 'to create'.

G2309

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EE-theh-LON

Translations: I wanted, they wanted, I wished, they wished, I desired, they desired, I was wanting, they were wanting

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to want', 'to wish', or 'to desire'. It is in the imperfect tense, which describes an action that was ongoing, repeated, or habitual in the past. It can be translated as 'I wanted' (first person singular) or 'they wanted' (third person plural), depending on the context of the sentence.

Inflection: Imperfect Active Indicative, 1st Person Singular or 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΟΜΑΙ, ΕΠΙΘΥΜΩ

Etymology: The word ΘΕΛΩ (thelo) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to an ancient root meaning 'to set' or 'to place', evolving to mean 'to set one's mind on' or 'to wish'.

G1163

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-DEH-ee

Translations: it was necessary, it had to be, it behooved, one had to

Notes: This is an impersonal verb meaning 'it was necessary' or 'it had to be'. It describes something that was obligatory, proper, or destined to happen. It is often used to express a divine or moral necessity, or what was fitting or appropriate in a given situation. It typically takes an infinitive or a clause as its subject.

Inflection: Impersonal, Aorist, Indicative, Active

Etymology: The word ΔΕΙ (dei) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *deh₁- meaning 'to put, to place'. In Greek, it developed the sense of 'it is necessary' or 'it is binding'.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ksa-LOTH

Translations: Xaloth, Exaloth

Notes: This word appears to be a proper noun, likely a place name. In the provided context, it refers to a village or location. It is sometimes spelled with an initial epsilon (ἘΞΑΛΩΘ), indicating a possible variant or a different transcription. It is not a common word found in standard Koine Greek lexicons or biblical texts, suggesting it might be a less common geographical reference or a variant spelling of a known place.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative

Etymology: The etymology of ΞΑΛΩΘ is uncertain. It is likely a transliteration of a Semitic place name into Greek.

G3854

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pa-ra-ge-NES-thai

Translations: to come, to arrive, to be present, to appear

Notes: This word is an aorist middle infinitive of the verb 'παραγίνομαι', meaning 'to come alongside', 'to arrive', or 'to be present'. It is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'παρά' (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become' or 'to come into being'. It is used to describe the act of someone or something coming to a specific place or being present at an event.

Inflection: Infinitive, Aorist, Middle Voice

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΗΚΩ, ΦΘΑΝΩ

Etymology: The verb 'παραγίνομαι' is a compound of the preposition 'παρά' (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become' or 'to come into being'. The combination signifies a coming or being present in proximity to something or someone.

G3366

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: MEE-deh

Translations: neither, nor, not even, and not

Notes: ΜΗΔΕ is a compound word formed from the negative particle μή (mē, 'not') and the conjunction δέ (de, 'but, and'). It is used to introduce a negative clause, often following another negative clause, conveying the sense of 'neither...nor' or 'not even'. It is primarily used with non-indicative moods, such as the imperative or subjunctive, to express prohibitions or negative conditions.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕ

Etymology: ΜΗΔΕ is a compound word derived from the negative particle μή (mē), meaning 'not', and the postpositive conjunction δέ (de), meaning 'but' or 'and'.

G2753

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: keh-LEH-oo-SAN-tohn

Translations: of those who commanded, of those who ordered, of those who urged, of those who exhorted

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'κελεύω' (keleuō), meaning 'to command,' 'to order,' 'to urge,' or 'to exhort.' As a genitive plural participle, it refers to the action of commanding or ordering performed by multiple individuals, and it functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship, often translated with 'of those who...' or 'by those who...'. It describes the people who were doing the commanding.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΤΑΤΤΩ, ΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΤΩ, ΠΑΡΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ

G5177

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: too-KHEIN

Translations: to obtain, to happen, to meet, to attain, to get, to receive, to befall

Notes: This word means to obtain or get something, often by chance or fortune, but also through effort. It can also mean to happen or to meet someone or something. It is frequently used in the sense of 'to attain' a goal or 'to receive' a benefit. It is an infinitive form, often used after verbs like 'to be able' or 'to desire'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΕΥΡΙΣΚΩ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ

Etymology: The word ΤΥΓΧΑΝΩ comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to hit' or 'to obtain'. It is related to words signifying 'chance' or 'fortune'.

G0515

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ax-ee-OH

Translations: to deem worthy, to think it right, to consider worthy, to demand, to ask, to expect

Notes: This verb means to consider someone or something worthy, to think it proper or right, or to demand something as a right. It can also imply asking for something with a sense of entitlement or expectation. It is used to express a judgment of value or a claim.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, First Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑἸΤΕΩ, ἈΞΙΟΩ

Etymology: From the adjective ἄξιος (axios), meaning 'worthy' or 'deserving'. The verb form means to consider or make worthy.

G3909

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pa-ra-fy-LAS-son

Translations: watching closely, guarding carefully, observing, a watcher, a guard

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from 'παρά' (para, meaning 'beside' or 'alongside') and 'φυλάσσω' (phylassō, meaning 'to guard' or 'to watch'). As a participle, it describes someone who is actively and continuously watching or guarding something with close attention. It implies a diligent and careful observation or protection.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΤΗΡΕΩ, ΦΥΛΑΣΣΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΧΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition 'παρά' (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and the verb 'φυλάσσω' (phylassō), meaning 'to guard' or 'to watch'. The root 'φυλάσσω' comes from an older Greek word related to 'φύλαξ' (phylax), meaning 'a guard'.

G0305

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-na-BEE-nai

Translations: to go up, to ascend, to come up, to climb, to embark, to arise

Notes: This word describes the action of moving upwards, whether literally ascending a physical height, or metaphorically rising in status or appearing. It can also refer to embarking on a ship or coming up from a lower place, such as water or a valley. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ἈΝΑ (ana), meaning 'up' or 'upwards', and the verb ΒΑΙΝΩ (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to step'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ἈΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ἈΝΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ, ἈΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

G2192

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: EKH-on-tah

Translations: having, holding, possessing, keeping, holding fast, the one having

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'having' or 'holding'. It describes an ongoing action of possession or holding. It can function adjectivally, describing a noun that 'has' something, or adverbially, indicating the manner in which an action is performed (e.g., 'while having'). In the provided examples, it describes things that 'do not have' a leader, trees 'having' branches, and 'the one having' all power.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΧΟΝΤΑ, ΚΕΚΤΗΜΕΝΟΝ

G2240

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: HEE-keh-teh

Translations: you have come, you came, come

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to have come' or 'to be present'. It is often used to indicate arrival or presence. In the provided examples, it functions as an imperative or a statement of arrival, urging or stating that 'you all come' or 'you all have come'.

Inflection: Second Person, Plural, Present Indicative or Aorist Imperative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΕΣΘΕ, ΠΑΡΕΣΤΕ

Etymology: The word ἥκω (hēkō) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to an Indo-European root meaning 'to reach' or 'to arrive'.

G0314