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The Life of Flavius Josephus, Chapter 33
Interlinear version from Life of Flavius Josephus, The (Beta)
G5087
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: tee-beh-ree-EES
Translations: Tiberians, people of Tiberias
Notes: This word refers to the inhabitants of the city of Tiberias, located on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee. It is used to identify people originating from or associated with that city.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: The city of Tiberias was named in honor of the Roman Emperor Tiberius. The word is derived from the name 'Tiberius'.
G1161
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: DEH
Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however
Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TANE
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.
G3844
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: pah-RAH
Translations: from, by, with, beside, at, near, alongside, to
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it typically means 'from' or 'from beside', indicating origin or agency. With the dative case, it means 'with', 'beside', or 'at', indicating proximity or presence. With the accusative case, it means 'alongside', 'to', or 'past', indicating motion towards or along something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΥΠΟ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'beside', 'alongside'. It is cognate with English 'for' and 'from'.
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G0935
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: bah-see-LEH-ohs
Translations: (of) a king, (of) king
Notes: This word refers to a monarch or sovereign ruler. It is used to denote the leader of a kingdom or nation. In this form, it indicates possession or origin, meaning 'belonging to a king' or 'from a king'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ
G1411
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: DY-na-min
Translations: power, might, strength, ability, miracle
Notes: This word refers to inherent power, ability, or strength. It can also denote miraculous power or a mighty work. It is used to describe the capacity to perform something, whether physical, moral, or spiritual.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΣ, ΚΡΑΤΟΣ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑ
G5613
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition
Sounds like: OHS
Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that
Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.
G1097
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eg-NOH-san
Translations: they knew, they understood, they recognized, they learned, they perceived
Notes: This word is the third person plural, aorist active indicative form of the verb 'to know' or 'to come to know'. It describes a past action where a group of people gained knowledge, understanding, or recognition. It signifies a completed act of knowing or perceiving.
Inflection: Third Person Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ἘΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΓΝΩΡΙΖΩ
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OOKH
Translations: not, no
Notes: This word is a negative particle, meaning "not" or "no." It is used to negate statements of fact or reality. It is a variant of οὐ (ou) and οὐκ (ouk), specifically used before words that begin with a vowel and a rough breathing mark.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΟΥ̓Κ, ΜΉ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂u- (negative particle). It is related to other negative particles in various Indo-European languages.
G0191
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ee-KOO-san
Translations: they heard, they listened
Notes: This is a verb meaning "they heard" or "they listened." It describes an action of perceiving sound or paying attention to something that was said. It is used to indicate that a group of people completed the act of hearing or listening in the past.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΕΧΩ, ΥΠΑΚΟΥΩ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOYS
Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her
Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
G4143
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ploy-OHN
Translations: of ships, of boats
Notes: This word refers to ships or boats. It is used in the genitive plural, indicating possession or relationship, often translated as 'of ships' or 'of boats'. For example, one might speak of 'the crews of the ships' or 'the harbor of boats'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΝΑΥΣ, ΣΚΑΦΟΣ
G3041
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: LIM-nayne
Translations: lake, a lake, pond, a pond
Notes: This word refers to a body of standing water, typically a lake or a pond. It is used to describe natural or artificial collections of water that are larger than a pool but smaller than a sea. In the provided examples, it consistently refers to a lake.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΛΑΚΚΟΣ, ΚΟΛΥΜΒΗΘΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *leymn-, meaning 'pool, lake'. It is related to other words referring to wet or marshy areas.
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PA-san
Translations: all, every, whole, an entire
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all', 'every', or 'whole'. It is used to indicate the totality or completeness of something. For example, it can be used to say 'all people' or 'every house'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G2300
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-theh-AH-san-toh
Translations: they saw, they beheld, they gazed, they looked at
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to see,' 'to behold,' or 'to gaze upon.' It often implies a careful, deliberate, or sustained observation, rather than a casual glance. It is used to describe the act of witnessing something with attention or wonder.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Plural
Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΟΡΑΩ, ΕΙΔΟΝ
G4134
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PLAY-ray
Translations: full, complete, a full, a complete
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'full' or 'complete'. It describes something that is filled to capacity, or that lacks nothing. It can be used to describe a container that is full, a person who is full of a certain quality (like grace or truth), or a period of time that is complete.
Inflection: Singular, Feminine, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΓΕΜΩΝ, ΠΕΠΛΗΡΩΜΕΝΟΣ
G1167
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: DAY-san-tes
Translations: fearing, having feared, being afraid, having been afraid
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning "having feared" or "being afraid." It describes an action that happened in the past and resulted in a state of fear. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, and can be translated as a clause (e.g., "those who feared" or "when they feared"). It is often used to describe the state of someone who has experienced fear.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Plural, Nominative
Synonyms: ΦΟΒΗΘΕΝΤΕΣ, ΕΚΦΟΒΟΙ
G4012
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PEH-ree
Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.
Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself
Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun
Sounds like: TAY
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which
Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.
G4172
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: POH-lee
Translations: (to) a city, (to) the city, (in) a city, (in) the city, (for) a city, (for) the city
Notes: This word refers to a city or town. As a dative case, it indicates location, direction towards, or the indirect object of an action. For example, it can mean 'in the city,' 'to the city,' or 'for the city,' depending on the context.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G2655
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: kah-tah-plah-GEN-tes
Translations: being astonished, having been astonished, amazed, struck with amazement, astounded
Notes: This word is a masculine plural aorist passive participle, meaning 'having been struck with amazement' or 'being utterly astonished'. It describes a state of profound surprise or shock, often implying a strong emotional reaction to something unexpected or overwhelming. It is used to describe people who are deeply impressed or overwhelmed by an event or sight.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Plural, Nominative
Synonyms: ΕΚΠΛΗΤΤΟΜΑΙ, ΘΑΥΜΑΖΩ
G1940
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: eh-pee-BAH-tohn
Translations: of passengers, of those on board, of those who embark
Notes: This word refers to those who embark on a ship or vehicle, such as passengers or those on board. It is a compound word formed from 'ἐπί' (upon, on) and 'βαίνω' (to go, step). It is used to describe people who are traveling by means of transport.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΒΑΤΑΙ, ΕΠΙΒΑΤΕΣ
Etymology: The word ἘΠΙΒΑΤΗΣ is derived from the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'on', and the verb βαίνω (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to step'. Thus, it literally means 'one who steps on' or 'one who goes upon'.
G4134
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PLAY-rays
Translations: full, filled, complete
Notes: This word describes something that is full, complete, or filled with something. It indicates a state of abundance or being entirely occupied. It can be used to describe people, objects, or even abstract concepts as being 'full of' a particular quality or substance.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΓΕΜΩΝ, ΜΕΣΤΟΣ
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EYE-nah-ee
Translations: to be, to exist, to happen, to become
Notes: This is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'to be'. It expresses existence, identity, or a state of being. It can also be used to indicate purpose or result, especially when preceded by the genitive article 'τοῦ' (tou), in which case it can be translated as 'in order to be' or 'for the purpose of being'.
Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active. Does not inflect for person, number, gender, or case.
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΩ
G3501
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: neh-AHS
Translations: of new, of young, new, young
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'new' or 'young'. It is used to describe the quality of something or someone, indicating that it is recent in origin, fresh, or youthful. It can be used to describe both people and objects.
Inflection: Genitive Singular Feminine or Accusative Plural Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΑΙΝΟΣ, ΠΡΟΣΦΑΤΟΣ
G3346
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: meh-tah-TITH-en-tai
Translations: they are being transferred, they are changing, they are being removed, they are being altered, they are being translated, they are being shifted
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'μετά' (meta), meaning 'with' or 'after' and the verb 'τίθημι' (tithēmi), meaning 'to place' or 'to put'. Together, it means to change the position of something, to transfer, to remove, or to alter. In the middle or passive voice, it can mean to change oneself, to be changed, or to be translated.
Inflection: Present, Indicative or Imperative, Middle or Passive Voice, 3rd Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΑΛΛΑΣΣΩ, ΜΕΤΑΒΑΛΛΩ, ΜΕΤΑΚΙΝΕΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAS
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑΣ is the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a particular noun, similar to 'the' in English. This specific form is used when the noun it modifies is feminine, plural, and in the accusative case, indicating the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Feminine, Plural, Accusative
G1106
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: gno-MAS
Translations: opinions, purposes, counsels, judgments, decisions, intentions
Notes: This word refers to one's opinion, purpose, counsel, or judgment. It can also denote a decision or intention. It is often used in contexts relating to mental faculties, thoughts, or the will. In the provided examples, it refers to the 'purposes' or 'intentions' of individuals.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΑΣ, ΔΙΑΝΟΙΑΣ, ΚΡΙΣΕΙΣ
G4496
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: RHIP-san-tes
Translations: having thrown, having cast, having thrown down, having cast down, having thrown oneself, having cast oneself
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ρίπτω' (rhiptō), meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred, functioning like an adjective to modify a noun or pronoun, indicating that the subject has performed the action of throwing or casting. It can be used transitively, meaning to throw something, or reflexively, meaning to throw oneself (down).
Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΒΑΛΛΩ, ΕΚΒΑΛΛΩ, ΚΑΤΑΒΑΛΛΩ
G3767
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: OON
Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed
Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.
G3696
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: OP-lah
Translations: arms, weapons, armor, hoofs
Notes: This word is a plural noun that can refer to military equipment such as arms, weapons, or armor. It can also refer to the hoofs of an animal. Its meaning depends on the context in which it is used.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΠΛΙΣΙΣ, ΟΠΛΙΣΜΟΣ, ΟΝΥΞ
Etymology: The word ὅπλον (hoplon) is believed to be derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sep-, meaning 'to handle, to grasp'. It originally referred to any tool or implement, and later specialized to mean 'weapon' or 'armor'.
G3326
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: MEH-tah
Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides
Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.
G1135
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: goo-nai-KOHN
Translations: of women, women
Notes: This word refers to women in general, or specifically to wives. It is used here in the genitive plural, indicating possession or relationship, often translated as 'of women'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΘΗΛΕΙΑΙ, ΘΥΓΑΤΕΡΕΣ
G3816
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pai-DON
Translations: of children, of boys, of servants, of slaves, of young men, of sons
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the noun 'παις' (pais). It refers to a child, boy, servant, or slave, and can also be used more broadly for young men or sons. In its genitive plural form, it indicates possession or origin, often translated as 'of children' or 'of servants', depending on the context.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΤΕΚΝΩΝ, ΔΟΥΛΩΝ, ΥΙΩΝ
G5221
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: hoo-pan-TEE-ah-zon
Translations: they were meeting, they were encountering, they were going to meet, they were coming to meet
Notes: This word is the third person plural imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'υπαντάω' (hypantao), meaning 'to meet' or 'to encounter'. It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past. It is used to indicate that a group of people were in the process of meeting or going to meet someone or something.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΝΤΑΩ, ΑΠΑΝΤΑΩ
Etymology: The word 'υπαντάω' is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'υπό' (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'to', and 'αντάω' (antao), meaning 'to meet' or 'to come face to face with'. It signifies meeting someone by going towards them.
G4183
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pol-LAS
Translations: many, much, great
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'many' or 'much', indicating a large quantity or number. It is used to describe nouns, agreeing with them in gender, number, and case. In this form, it is used for feminine plural nouns in the accusative case.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Feminine
Synonyms: ΙΚΑΝΟΣ, ΠΛΗΘΥΣ
G3326
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: MEH-tah
Translations: with, after, among, behind, by, in company with, in pursuit of, according to
Notes: This word is a preposition that can also function as an adverb. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it usually means 'after' or 'behind' (indicating sequence or pursuit). It can also denote a change of state or position.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases)
Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΡΟΣ
Etymology: The word 'μετά' (meta) comes from Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is related to English 'mid' and 'middle'.
G1867
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-pai-NOHN
Translations: praising, commending, approving
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'praising' or 'commending'. It describes an action of giving praise or approval to someone or something. It can be used to describe someone who is currently engaged in the act of praising.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΑἸΝΕΩ, ΕΥ̓ΛΟΓΕΩ
G1519
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EES
Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward
Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.
G1691
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-MEH
Translations: me
Notes: This word is the accusative singular form of the first-person pronoun, meaning 'me'. It is used as the direct object of a verb or after certain prepositions that take the accusative case, indicating the recipient of an action or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, First Person
G5456
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: FOH-nas
Translations: voices, sounds, noises, cries, a voice, a sound, a noise, a cry
Notes: This word refers to a voice, sound, noise, or cry. It can be used to describe human voices, animal sounds, or even inanimate noises like thunder. In the provided examples, it refers to 'sounds' or 'voices' given by the Lord, likely thunder or a divine utterance.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΗΧΟΣ, ΚΡΑΥΓΗ, ΟΜΙΛΙΑ
G863
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-fee-EN-tes
Translations: sending away, letting go, forgiving, leaving, permitting, allowing, dismissing, releasing, uttering, emitting
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'aphiemi'. It generally means to send away, let go, or dismiss. Depending on the context, it can also mean to forgive sins, leave something behind, permit an action, or release someone. It can also be used to describe the act of uttering sounds or emitting something.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ἈΠΟΛΥΩ, ΧΑΡΙΖΟΜΑΙ, ἘΑΩ
G1507
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ee-KAH-zon
Translations: they were guessing, they were conjecturing, they were inferring, they were supposing, they were comparing, they were likening
Notes: This word is the third person plural imperfect active indicative form of the verb ΕΙΚΑΖΩ. It means to guess, conjecture, infer, or suppose, often based on probability or appearance. It can also mean to compare or liken something to something else. In the imperfect tense, it describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, indicating that 'they were guessing' or 'they used to guess'.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΥΠΟΝΟΕΩ, ΣΥΛΛΟΓΙΖΟΜΑΙ, ΤΕΚΜΑΙΡΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: The word ΕΙΚΑΖΩ comes from the noun ΕΙΚΩΝ (eikōn), meaning 'likeness' or 'image'. The verb therefore relates to making a likeness or forming a conjecture based on appearances.
G1063
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: gar
Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OO
Translations: not, no
Notes: ΟΥ̓ is a negative particle used to express a factual negation. It typically negates verbs in the indicative mood, stating that something is not true or does not happen. It can also negate other parts of speech. When combined with ΜΉ (ou mē), it forms a very strong negation, meaning "by no means" or "never."
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ, ΟΥ̓Κ, ΟΥ̓ΧΊ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a fundamental negative particle in Greek.
G4441
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pro-pep-YOO-sthai
Translations: to have learned, to have inquired, to have ascertained, to have heard
Notes: This is a perfect infinitive form of the verb 'πυνθάνομαι' (punthanomai), meaning 'to learn by inquiry', 'to ascertain', or 'to hear'. The prefix 'προ-' (pro-) indicates 'before' or 'in advance'. Therefore, 'προπεπυσθαι' means 'to have learned beforehand' or 'to have inquired in advance'. It describes an action of learning or inquiring that was completed in the past, with the result continuing into the present, and is used as an infinitive, often after verbs like 'to know' or 'to seem'.
Inflection: Perfect, Infinitive, Middle/Passive Voice
Synonyms: ΜΑΘΕΙΝ, ΑΚΟΥΣΑΙ
Etymology: The verb 'πυνθάνομαι' (punthanomai) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to find out' or 'to learn'. The prefix 'προ-' (pro-) means 'before' or 'forward'.
G1691
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: MEH
Translations: me
Notes: This word is the first-person singular pronoun 'me' in the accusative case. It is used as the direct object of a verb or as the object of certain prepositions, indicating the recipient of an action or the object being affected.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, First Person
Etymology: The word ΜΕ (me) derives from the ancient Greek first-person singular pronoun. Its form has remained largely consistent throughout various stages of the Greek language.
G1271
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: dee-AH-noy-ahn
Translations: mind, understanding, a mind, an understanding, thought, purpose, a thought, a purpose
Notes: This word refers to the faculty of understanding, the intellect, or the mind. It can also denote a thought, purpose, or intention. It describes the inner working of one's mental processes and can be used to speak of one's way of thinking or disposition.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΝΟΥΣ, ΣΥΝΕΣΙΣ, ΕΝΘΥΜΗΣΙΣ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: of them, their, of themselves
Notes: This word is a pronoun indicating possession or relation, specifically for a group of people or things. It is used to mean 'of them' or 'their', often referring back to a previously mentioned plural noun or pronoun.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, All genders
G3870
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: par-eh-ka-LOON
Translations: they were calling alongside, they were exhorting, they were comforting, they were appealing to, they were entreating, they were encouraging
Notes: This word is the third person plural imperfect active indicative form of the verb παρακαλέω (parakaleō). It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, meaning 'they were calling someone to their side,' 'they were exhorting,' 'they were comforting,' 'they were appealing to,' or 'they were encouraging.' It implies a continuous or habitual action of summoning, urging, or consoling.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΠΑΡΑΚΑΛΟΥΝΤΕΣ, ΠΑΡΑΚΑΛΟΥΜΕΝΟΙ, ΠΑΡΑΚΑΛΟΥΣΙΝ
Etymology: The word παρακαλέω is a compound of παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside,' and καλέω (kaleō), meaning 'to call.' Thus, its core meaning is 'to call to one's side.'
G5339
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: fay-SAS-thay
Translations: to spare, to refrain, to forbear, to withhold, to save
Notes: This word means to spare someone or something, to refrain from doing something, or to hold back. It implies showing mercy or being unwilling to harm or use something. It can be used in contexts where one avoids inflicting punishment, or refrains from using resources.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle/Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΣΩΖΩ, ΑΦΙΗΜΙ, ΕΛΕΕΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: THAYS
Translations: of the
Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.
G4172
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: POH-leh-ohs
Translations: (of) a city, (of) the city, city, a city
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'πόλις' (polis), meaning 'city' or 'town'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship, often translated with 'of a city' or 'of the city'. For example, 'the walls of the city' or 'the people of the city'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΣΤΥ, ΚΩΜΗ
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-GOH
Translations: I, me
Notes: ἘΓΩ is the first-person singular personal pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning "I" or "me." It refers to the speaker and functions primarily as the subject of a sentence. While the first-person singular verb ending often makes the pronoun redundant, ἘΓΩ is frequently used for emphasis, similar to saying "I myself" or "even I" in English. It can also be used to clarify the subject when multiple individuals are involved.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Nominative
Etymology: This word is an ancient pronoun, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has cognates in many Indo-European languages, reflecting a shared linguistic heritage.
G4139
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Noun
Sounds like: PLAY-see-on
Translations: near, nearby, neighbor, a neighbor, one's neighbor
Notes: This word primarily functions as an adverb meaning 'near' or 'nearby', indicating proximity in space or time. It can also be used substantively as a noun, typically in the neuter singular, to refer to 'one's neighbor' or 'the person next to you'. When used as a noun, it often refers to a fellow human being, emphasizing a relationship of proximity or community.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as an adverb); Neuter, Singular (when used substantively as a noun)
Synonyms: ΕΓΓΥΣ, ΠΑΡΑΠΛΗΣΙΟΝ
G1096
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: geh-NO-meh-nos
Translations: having become, being, happened, arisen, a having become, a being
Notes: This word is an aorist middle participle of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become', 'to happen', or 'to come into being'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred or is completed in relation to the main verb of the sentence. It can be translated as 'having become', 'being', or 'when he/it became'. It often indicates a state or condition resulting from a past action.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular
Synonyms: ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΕΓΕΝΗΘΗ
G0043
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ang-KOO-ras
Translations: of an anchor, of the anchor, an anchor
Notes: This word refers to an anchor, a heavy object used to moor a vessel to the seabed. It is typically cast from a ship to prevent it from drifting. In a broader sense, it can also refer to anything that provides stability or security.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
G3303
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: MEN
Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however
Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.
G2089
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: eh-TEE
Translations: still, yet, further, more
Notes: This word is an adverb indicating continuation in time or degree. It can mean 'still' or 'yet' when referring to something that is ongoing or has not happened yet. It can also mean 'further' or 'more' when adding to something or indicating an additional quantity or action.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΕΤΙ, ἘΤΙΔΕ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *eti 'beyond, further'. It is related to Latin et 'and, also'.
G4206
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: POR-rho
Translations: far, far away, a long way off, at a distance
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'far' or 'at a distance'. It indicates a significant spatial separation from a point of reference. It can be used to describe how far away something is located or how far someone has traveled.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΑΚΡΑΝ, ΑΠΟΜΑΚΡΑΝ
Etymology: From an intensive reduplication of the root of πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'forward'. It emphasizes distance.
G1093
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: GAYS
Translations: (of) earth, (of) land, (of) ground, (of) world, (of) country, (of) region
Notes: This word refers to the earth, land, or ground. It can denote the physical soil, a specific territory or country, or the entire planet. As a genitive form, it indicates possession, origin, or the material from which something is made, often translated with 'of' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΑΓΡΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΓΗ (gē) comes from Proto-Hellenic *gā́, which itself is from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁- ('earth').
G2753
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-KEH-leh-on
Translations: they were commanding, they were ordering, they were urging, they were bidding
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to command,' 'to order,' 'to urge,' or 'to bid.' It describes an action of giving instructions or directives. In this form, it indicates that a group of people (they) were in the process of giving a command or order in the past.
Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΤΑΤΤΩ, ΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΤΩ, ΚΕΛΕΥΣΤΕΥΩ
Etymology: The word κελεύω (keleuō) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to κέλλω (kello, 'to drive, to urge').
G0906
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: bah-LEH-sthai
Translations: to throw, to cast, to put, to lay, to place, to strike, to fall, to be thrown, to be cast, to be put
Notes: This word is an aorist middle infinitive form of the verb 'βάλλω' (ballō). It generally means 'to throw' or 'to cast', but can also mean 'to put', 'to lay', or 'to place'. In the middle voice, it often implies an action done for oneself or to oneself, or an action that affects the subject. For example, it can mean 'to throw oneself' or 'to be thrown'. Its meaning can vary depending on the context and the prepositions it's used with.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΡΙΠΤΩ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΚΑΤΑΒΑΛΛΩ
Etymology: The word βάλλω (ballō) comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient Greek verb with a wide range of meanings related to throwing and placing.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOOS
Translations: the, them, those
Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).
G2941
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: koo-ber-NAY-tas
Translations: pilot, a pilot, helmsman, a helmsman, master of a vessel, a master of a vessel, steersman, a steersman
Notes: This word refers to a pilot or helmsman, someone who steers a ship or guides a vessel. It is used to describe the person in charge of navigating a ship.
Inflection: Masculine, Nominative Plural or Accusative Plural or Genitive Singular
Synonyms: ΝΑΥΚΛΗΡΟΣ, ΠΛΟΙΑΡΧΟΣ
G5228
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: hoo-PER
Translations: over, above, for, on behalf of, concerning, beyond, more than
Notes: ΥΠΕΡ is a Koine Greek preposition. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often means 'on behalf of', 'for the sake of', 'concerning', or 'instead of'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'over', 'above', 'beyond', or 'more than', often indicating position or motion.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΠΙ, ΠΕΡΙ, ΑΝΤΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *uperi, meaning 'over, above'. It is cognate with English 'over' and Latin 'super'.
G3361
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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb
Sounds like: MAY
Translations: not, lest, no, do not
Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.
G2242
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: kah-tah-DEH-lah
Translations: evident, clear, manifest, obvious, plain, a clear thing, an obvious thing
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'evident' or 'clear'. It is a compound word formed from the prefix 'κατά-' (kata-), meaning 'down' or 'completely', and 'δῆλος' (dēlos), meaning 'visible' or 'clear'. It describes something that is made completely clear or fully manifest. It can be used to describe facts, situations, or intentions that are easily perceived or understood.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΕΜΦΑΝΗΣ, ΦΑΝΕΡΟΣ, ΠΡΟΔΗΛΟΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toys
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: ΤΟΙΣ is the dative plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, but specifically indicates the indirect object or the recipient of an action, or location/instrument when used with a dative noun. It can be used with masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns in the plural.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into the definite article in Greek.
G5086
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: tee-beh-ree-EH-oo-sin
Translations: (to) Tiberians, (to) those from Tiberias
Notes: This word refers to the inhabitants of the city of Tiberias, located on the Sea of Galilee. It is used here in the dative plural, indicating that something is being done to or for these people.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine
Etymology: The word is derived from the city name Tiberias (Τιβεριάς), which itself was named after the Roman Emperor Tiberius.
G4143
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PLOY-ah
Translations: ships, boats, vessels
Notes: This word refers to ships, boats, or other watercraft. It is used to describe any kind of vessel used for travel or transport on water.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΝΑΥΣ, ΣΚΑΦΟΣ
G2756
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: KEH-nah
Translations: empty, vain, worthless, hollow, empty things, vain things
Notes: This word describes something that is empty, void, or lacking substance. It can refer to physical emptiness, but often metaphorically describes something that is futile, useless, or without value. In its plural neuter form, as seen in 'ΚΕΝΑ', it can refer to 'empty things' or 'vain things'. It is used to describe actions, words, or concepts that are without purpose or effect.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΜΑΤΑΙΑ, ΑΝΩΦΕΛΗΣ, ΑΚΑΡΠΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΚΕΝΟΣ (kenos) is of uncertain origin, but it is an ancient Greek word meaning 'empty' or 'void'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G5607
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ON-tah
Translations: being, existing, things that are, beings, real things
Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It describes something that is or exists. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, indicating a state of being or existence. It can refer to 'those who are' or 'things that are', depending on the context and gender.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter Plural; or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine, Plural
Synonyms: ὙΠΑΡΧΟΝΤΑ, ΓΙΝΟΜΕΝΑ
Etymology: The word εἰμί (eimi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁es- meaning 'to be'. It is a fundamental verb in many Indo-European languages.
G4932
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: play-see-AH-sas
Translations: having drawn near, approaching, coming near
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'πλησιάζω' (plēsiazō), meaning 'to draw near' or 'to approach'. As a participle, it describes an action that has been completed before or at the same time as the main verb of the sentence. It functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or describing the circumstances of an action.
Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΕΓΓΙΣΑΣ, ΠΡΟΣΕΛΘΩΝ, ΠΡΟΣΕΓΓΙΣΑΣ
Etymology: The verb 'πλησιάζω' (plēsiazō) is derived from the adjective 'πλησίος' (plēsios), meaning 'near' or 'neighboring'. It describes the action of becoming or being near something or someone.
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Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral
Sounds like: DEL-tah
Translations: Delta, four, 4
Notes: Δ (Delta) is the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet. In the Greek numeral system, it represents the number four. It is also used as a symbol in various contexts, including mathematics and science, though its primary function in Koine Greek texts is as a letter or a numeral.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The Greek letter Delta is derived from the Phoenician letter Dalet, which means 'door'.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: ow-TOS
Translations: he, she, it, they, him, her, it, them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, same, very
Notes: ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is a versatile word in Koine Greek. As a third-person pronoun, it translates to 'he, she, it' or 'they' in the nominative case, and 'him, her, it' or 'them' in other cases. When used intensively, often in the nominative or immediately following the noun, it means 'himself, herself, itself, themselves' or 'even, very'. When used as an adjective with the definite article (e.g., 'ὁ αὐτὸς'), it means 'the same'. Its meaning depends on its grammatical function and position in the sentence.
Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΣ, ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a pronominal stem *au- or *aw-.
G1722
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: en
Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).
Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.
G5100
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: TEE-nee
Translations: to/for someone, to/for something, by someone, by something, with someone, with something, in what, to what, by what, a certain one, a certain thing, (to) what, (to) whom, (to) which
Notes: ΤΙΝΙ is the dative singular form of the indefinite and interrogative pronoun ΤΙΣ. As an indefinite pronoun, it means 'someone,' 'something,' 'a certain one,' or 'a certain thing,' indicating an unspecified person or object. As an interrogative pronoun, it means 'to whom,' 'to what,' 'by whom,' or 'by what,' asking about the recipient or agent of an action. Its meaning depends on the context, often indicating an indirect object or an instrument.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, All genders
Synonyms: ΤΙΣ, ΟΣΤΙΣ
G4143
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PLOI-oh
Translations: (to) a boat, (to) a ship, (in) a boat, (in) a ship, (on) a boat, (on) a ship, a boat, a ship, boat, ship
Notes: This word refers to a boat or a ship. As a dative case noun, it often indicates the indirect object of an action, meaning 'to a boat/ship', 'for a boat/ship', or 'in/on a boat/ship' when used to denote location or instrument. It is commonly used to describe vessels used for travel or fishing on water.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΣΚΑΦΟΣ, ΝΑΥΣ
G2691
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kah-teh-MEM-foh-meen
Translations: I was blaming, I was finding fault with, I was censuring, I was reproaching
Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the prefix 'κατά' (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb 'μέμφομαι' (memphomai), meaning 'to blame' or 'to find fault'. Together, 'καταμέμφομαι' means 'to blame strongly', 'to find fault with', or 'to censure'. The form 'κατεμεμφόμην' indicates an action that was ongoing or repeated in the past, specifically by the speaker (first person singular). It describes the act of expressing strong disapproval or criticism towards someone or something.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Imperfect, Indicative, Middle/Passive
Synonyms: ΜΕΜΦΟΜΑΙ, ΕΠΙΤΙΜΑΩ, ΨΕΓΩ
Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb ΜΕΜΦΟΜΑΙ (memphomai), meaning 'to blame' or 'to find fault'. The verb ΜΕΜΦΟΜΑΙ is derived from an ancient root related to expressing disapproval.
G0052
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ag-NOY-ah
Translations: ignorance, a lack of knowledge, a want of knowledge
Notes: This word refers to a state of not knowing or being unaware of something. It describes a lack of information or understanding, often implying a blameless or unintentional state of not knowing.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΓΝΩΣΙΑ, ΑΜΑΘΙΑ, ΑΣΥΝΕΣΙΑ
Etymology: The word ἈΓΝΟΙΑ (agnoia) comes from the Greek prefix ἀ- (a-), meaning 'not' or 'without', and the verb γιγνώσκω (gignōskō), meaning 'to know'. Thus, it literally means 'not knowing'.
G3754
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OH-tee
Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which
Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ
Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.
G1211
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: DAY
Translations: now, indeed, then, already, certainly, truly, come, go to
Notes: This word is an indeclinable particle used to give emphasis, urgency, or to mark a transition in discourse. It can express a sense of 'now' or 'already', or it can be used to urge someone to action, similar to 'come on' or 'go to'. It often adds a sense of immediacy or certainty to a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΡΑ, ΓΕ, ΝΥΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to emphasize or urge.
G3779
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OO-tohs
Translations: thus, so, in this way, in such a way
Notes: This adverb indicates manner or degree, meaning 'in this way,' 'thus,' or 'so.' It can refer back to something previously mentioned or forward to something about to be stated. It often introduces a consequence or result, showing how something is done or to what extent.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΩΣ
Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun ΟΥΤΟΣ (OUTOS), meaning 'this' or 'that'.
G2138
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: yoo-KHEH-rays
Translations: easy, ready, facile, quick, prompt
Notes: This word describes something that is easy to do, readily available, or quick to happen. It can refer to a task that is not difficult, or to a person who is prompt and ready to act. It implies a lack of difficulty or effort.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΥ̓ΚΟΛΟΣ, ΕΥ̓ΠΡΟΣΙΤΟΣ
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EYE-en
Translations: may they be, let them be, would they be
Notes: This word is the third person plural, present tense, optative mood form of the verb 'to be'. The optative mood expresses a wish, a possibility, or a potential action. Therefore, 'ΕἸΕΝ' means 'may they be', 'let them be', or 'would they be', indicating a desire or a hypothetical situation concerning a group of people or things.
Inflection: 3rd Person, Plural, Present, Optative
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAH-sees
Translations: of all, of every, of the whole
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all', 'every', or 'the whole'. It is used to describe a noun, indicating that the noun refers to the entirety of something or every instance of it. It agrees with the noun it modifies in gender, number, and case. In this form, it is used when referring to a singular feminine noun in the genitive case, often indicating possession or origin.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G1342
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: dee-KAI-ahs
Translations: of righteous, of just, of right, of innocent
Notes: This word describes something or someone as being righteous, just, or innocent. It is used to qualify a noun, indicating that the noun possesses these qualities. For example, it could describe a 'righteous judgment' or 'just laws'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΥΘΥΣ, ΑΓΑΘΟΣ, ΟΣΙΟΣ
G0427
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: ah-NEH-oo
Translations: without, apart from, besides
Notes: This word is a preposition that means 'without' or 'apart from'. It is used to indicate the absence of something or someone, or to denote separation. It typically takes the genitive case, indicating that something is done or exists in the absence of the noun it modifies.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΧΩΡΙΣ, ΕΚΤΟΣ
Etymology: This word is derived from the Greek prefix ἀν- (an-), meaning 'without' or 'not', combined with the adverb εὖ (eu), meaning 'well' or 'good'.
G4392
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pro-PHA-se-ohs
Translations: of pretext, of excuse, of pretense, of outward show, of a pretext, of an excuse, of a pretense, of an outward show
Notes: This word refers to a pretext, an excuse, a pretense, or an outward show. It is often used to describe a reason given for an action that is not the true reason, or a superficial appearance that hides the reality. It can be used in contexts where someone is trying to justify their actions or to deceive others.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΙΤΙΑ, ΠΡΟΚΑΛΥΜΜΑ, ΠΡΟΒΛΗΜΑ
G1839
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eks-IS-tas-thai
Translations: to stand out, to be amazed, to be astonished, to be beside oneself, to be out of one's mind, to depart, to remove, to give up, to yield
Notes: This word is the present middle/passive infinitive form of the verb ἐξίστημι. It generally means 'to stand out' or 'to remove oneself from a place or state'. Depending on the context, it can convey the idea of being amazed or astonished, to the point of being 'beside oneself' or 'out of one's mind'. It can also mean to depart from a place or to yield/give up something.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive Voice, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΕΚΠΛΗΣΣΩ, ΘΑΥΜΑΖΩ, ΑΦΙΣΤΗΜΙ
G4314
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PROSS
Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to
Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).
Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.
G4102
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pis-TEH-ohs
Translations: of faith, of belief, of trust, of conviction
Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the noun 'πίστις' (pistis), meaning 'faith', 'belief', or 'trust'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship, often translated with 'of' in English. For example, 'the work of faith' or 'by means of faith'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΕΠΟΙΘΗΣΙΣ, ΕΜΠΙΣΤΟΣΥΝΗ
G3670
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: oh-moh-lo-GOON
Translations: they were confessing, they were acknowledging, they were agreeing, they confessed, they acknowledged, they agreed
Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'homologeo'. It describes an action of confessing, acknowledging, or agreeing that was ongoing or repeated in the past. It implies a continuous state of affirmation or admission, often in public or before others. For example, 'they were confessing their sins' or 'they were agreeing with the statement'.
Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΕΞΟΜΟΛΟΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΟΜΟΛΟΓΙΑ
Etymology: The word ΟΜΟΛΟΓΕΩ (homologeo) is a compound word derived from the Greek words ΟΜΟΣ (homos), meaning 'same' or 'one and the same', and ΛΟΓΟΣ (logos), meaning 'word' or 'speech'. Thus, it literally means 'to speak the same word' or 'to agree with what is said'.
G5037
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle
Sounds like: TEH
Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G3062
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun, Adverb
Sounds like: LOY-pon
Translations: remaining, the rest, the remainder, other, finally, henceforth, for the rest
Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'remaining' or 'other', a noun meaning 'the rest' or 'the remainder', or an adverb meaning 'finally', 'henceforth', or 'for the rest'. As an adjective, it describes what is left over. As a noun, it refers to the remaining portion or people. As an adverb, it introduces a concluding thought or indicates a future time.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΛΟΙΠΟΣ, ΚΑΤΑΛΟΙΠΟΣ
Etymology: From the verb λείπω (leípō), meaning 'to leave' or 'to remain'.
G4784
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: soong-gno-SEH-sthai
Translations: to forgive, to pardon, to excuse, to overlook
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition σύν (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb γιγνώσκω (gignōskō), meaning 'to know' or 'to perceive'. Together, it means 'to know with' or 'to agree with', which extends to 'to pardon' or 'to forgive' someone for their actions. It implies a shared understanding or concession.
Inflection: Future, Middle Voice, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΑΦΙΗΜΙ, ΧΑΡΙΖΟΜΑΙ
G0950
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: beh-BAH-ee-ohs
Translations: firmly, certainly, surely, truly, indeed
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'firmly' or 'certainly'. It is used to emphasize the truth or reliability of a statement or action, indicating that something is done with assurance or is undeniably true. It can be translated as 'surely', 'indeed', or 'without a doubt'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (adverbial form)
Synonyms: ΑΛΗΘΩΣ, ΟΝΤΩΣ, ΠΑΝΤΩΣ
G1519, G1487, G1488
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb
Sounds like: E
Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are
Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).
G3992
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: PEM-psigh-an
Translations: they might send, they would send
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to send' or 'to dispatch'. It is used to describe the action of causing someone or something to go from one place to another. The form 'ΠΕΜΨΕΙΑΝ' indicates a potential or hypothetical action in the past, often translated with 'might' or 'would'.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Optative, Active
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ, ΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΕΞΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ
G1176
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: DEH-kah
Translations: ten
Notes: This word means 'ten' and is used to denote the number 10. It is an indeclinable numeral, meaning its form does not change regardless of gender, case, or number in a sentence. It can be used to count objects or refer to a quantity of ten.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar words for 'ten' in other Indo-European languages.
G4128
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PLAY-thooss
Translations: of a multitude, of a crowd, of a great number, of a throng, of a quantity, of a great amount, of a fullness, of a great company
Notes: This word refers to a large number or quantity of people or things, a multitude, or a crowd. It can also denote a great amount or fullness. It is used to describe a large gathering of people or a significant quantity of something.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΧΛΟΣ, ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΠΛΗΡΩΜΑ
Etymology: From the root *pleth-, related to the idea of being full or abundant. It is connected to the Proto-Indo-European root *pleh₁- meaning 'to fill'.
G4291
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Part of Speech: Participle, Noun
Sounds like: proh-es-TOH-tas
Translations: leaders, rulers, those who preside, those who stand before, those who manage
Notes: This word is an inflected form of a participle derived from the verb 'προΐστημι' (proistēmi), meaning 'to stand before' or 'to preside over'. As a noun, it refers to individuals who are in positions of leadership, authority, or management, such as leaders, rulers, or those who are in charge of a group or organization. It describes someone who has been placed in a position of oversight or governance.
Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Perfect Active Participle
Synonyms: ΑΡΧΟΝΤΕΣ, ΗΓΕΜΟΝΕΣ, ΚΥΒΕΡΝΗΤΑΙ
G5219
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: hoo-pah-koo-SAN-tohn
Translations: of having obeyed, of having listened, of having submitted, of having hearkened
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ΥΠΑΚΟΥΩ' (hypakouō), meaning 'to obey,' 'to listen,' or 'to submit.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. In this genitive plural form, it typically indicates the possessor or source of an action, often translated as 'of those who have obeyed' or 'of them having obeyed.' It implies a completed act of obedience or listening.
Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΕΙΘΑΡΧΕΩ, ΕἸΣΑΚΟΥΩ
G2092
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: eh-TOY-mohs
Translations: readily, promptly, quickly, at hand, in readiness, prepared
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'readily' or 'promptly'. It describes an action that is done with ease, speed, or a state of preparedness. It can indicate that something is available or at hand, or that an action is performed without hesitation. For example, one might 'readily' obey a command or be 'prepared' for an event.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΤΑΧΕΩΣ, ΕΥΘΕΩΣ, ΠΑΡΑΧΡΗΜΑ
Etymology: The word ΕΤΟΙΜΩΣ is derived from the adjective ΕΤΟΙΜΟΣ (hetoimos), meaning 'ready' or 'prepared'. Its origin is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the concept of being 'at hand' or 'in order'.
G3992
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: PEM-psan-TON
Translations: of sending, of having sent, of dispatching, of having dispatched
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to send' or 'to dispatch'. It describes an action of sending that has already occurred or is ongoing, and it functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun. In this form, it indicates possession or origin, often translated with 'of' or 'belonging to' the ones who sent.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Plural
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΟΝΤΩΝ, ΣΤΕΛΛΟΝΤΩΝ
G0435
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: AHN-dras
Translations: men, a man, husbands, a husband
Notes: This word refers to adult males, men, or husbands. It is often used in contrast to women or children, or to denote a person of authority or maturity. It can also refer to a human being in general, but typically emphasizes the male gender.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ, ΑΡΣΗΝ
G3775
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: OOS
Translations: ear, an ear
Notes: This word refers to the anatomical organ of hearing, the ear. It is used in various contexts to denote the physical ear, but also metaphorically for the act of hearing or understanding, as in 'to lend an ear' or 'to have ears to hear'. It is a singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΩΤΙΟΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ows- (ear).
G4280
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pro-EI-pon
Translations: said before, told beforehand, foretold, declared beforehand
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before', and the verb ἐρῶ (erō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It means to say something in advance, to declare it beforehand, or to foretell it. It is often used to refer to something that has already been mentioned or stated earlier in a text or conversation.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular or 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΛΕΓΩ, ΠΡΟΦΗΤΕΥΩ
Etymology: The word is a compound of the Greek preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of', and the aorist stem of the verb ἐρῶ (erō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'.
G1747
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: em-bi-BA-sas
Translations: having caused to go in, having put in, having embarked, having placed in
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'embibazō', meaning 'to cause to go in' or 'to put in'. It describes an action that has been completed by the subject, indicating that they have placed someone or something into a place, such as a ship, a vehicle, or a position. It is often used in contexts of embarking or loading.
Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular
Synonyms: ΕΙΣΑΓΩ, ΕΜΒΑΙΝΩ
G0630
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-PEH-loo-on
Translations: they were releasing, they were sending away, they were dismissing, they were divorcing, they were setting free
Notes: This word describes an action of releasing, sending away, dismissing, or setting free. It can also refer to divorcing a spouse. It is used to indicate that a group of people (they) were performing this action in the past, often continuously or repeatedly.
Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΑΦΙΗΜΙ, ΕΞΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ, ΠΕΜΠΩ
G5088
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ta-ri-KHE-as
Translations: embalmer, a salter, a curer of meat or fish
Notes: This word refers to a person who practices the art of preserving bodies, typically through embalming, or who salts and cures meat or fish. It describes someone involved in the preservation of perishable goods.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
G5442
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: foo-lakh-thee-so-MEH-noos
Translations: those who will be guarded, those who are to be kept, to be guarded, to be kept
Notes: This word is a future passive participle, meaning it describes someone or something that will be guarded or kept in the future. It functions like an adjective or a noun, indicating the recipient of the action of guarding or keeping. For example, it could refer to 'the ones who are destined to be protected' or 'things that will be preserved'.
Inflection: Future, Passive, Accusative, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΤΗΡΗΣΟΜΕΝΟΥΣ, ΔΙΑΦΥΛΑΧΘΗΣΟΜΕΝΟΥΣ
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