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Interlinear version from Life of Flavius Josephus, The (Beta)
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TOW-tah
Translations: these, these things
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'these' or 'these things'. It refers to something previously mentioned or understood from the context, pointing it out specifically. As a pronoun, it stands in place of a noun, while as an adjective, it modifies a noun.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
G1125
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: grap-SAS
Translations: having written, who wrote, after writing, when he wrote
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'γράφω' (graphō), meaning 'to write'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has been completed prior to the action of the main verb in the sentence. It can be translated in various ways depending on context, such as 'having written' or 'the one who wrote'.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular
Synonyms: ΣΥΓΓΡΑΦΩ, ΑΠΟΓΡΑΦΩ
G1325
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: DOOS
Translations: giving, having given, a giver, one who gives
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to give'. It describes someone or something that is in the act of giving, or has already given. It can function like an adjective, modifying a noun, or like an adverb, describing the manner of an action. For example, it could be used in a phrase like 'the man giving the gift' or 'he spoke, giving a warning'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Active
Synonyms: ΠΑΡΕΧΩΝ, ΧΑΡΙΖΟΜΕΝΟΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TOH
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the
Notes: ΤΩ is the dative singular form of the definite article 'the'. It indicates the indirect object of a verb or the means/instrument by which an action is performed. It can also be used to indicate location or association, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', 'by', 'with', or 'in'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
G4757
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: strah-tee-OH-tay
Translations: soldier, a soldier
Notes: This word refers to a soldier, a member of an army. It is commonly used in ancient Greek texts to describe individuals serving in military forces, often in the context of battles, campaigns, or general military life.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΣΤΡΑΤΕΥΜΑ, ΣΤΡΑΤΟΣ
G5342
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: FEH-rine
Translations: to bear, to carry, to bring, to lead, to endure, to produce
Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb ΦΕΡΩ. It means "to bear," "to carry," or "to bring." It can also imply enduring something or producing fruit/results. It is used to express an action without specifying a subject or tense, often functioning like an English infinitive phrase.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΑΓΩ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ, ΒΑΣΤΑΖΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- meaning 'to carry, to bear'. It is cognate with Latin ferō, English bear, and Sanskrit bharati.
G3992
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: soon-ex-e-PEM-psa
Translations: I sent out with, I sent forth with, I dispatched with
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from 'σύν' (with), 'ἐκ' (out of), and 'πέμπω' (to send). It means 'to send out together with' or 'to dispatch along with'. It describes the action of sending someone or something out in the company of others, or sending them out from a place.
Inflection: First Person Singular, Aorist Active Indicative
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ, ΣΥΝΕΚΠΕΜΠΩ
G5144
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: tree-AH-kon-tah
Translations: thirty
Notes: This word means 'thirty' and is used to denote the number 30. It functions as an indeclinable numeral, meaning its form does not change regardless of the gender, case, or number of the noun it modifies. It is typically used to quantify nouns, indicating a quantity of thirty units.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From τρεῖς (treis, “three”) and a suffix related to -κοντα (-konta, “-ty”), indicating multiples of ten. It is cognate with Latin triginta and English thirty.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G1056
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: gah-li-LAI-ohn
Translations: of Galileans, of the Galileans
Notes: This word refers to people from Galilee, a region in northern ancient Israel. It is used to indicate possession or origin, meaning 'belonging to' or 'from' the Galileans. It is a plural form, referring to multiple people from Galilee.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
Etymology: From Γαλιλαία (Galilaia), the name of the region, which is of Hebrew origin (גָּלִיל, galil, meaning 'circle' or 'region').
G1384
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: doh-kee-MOH-tah-toos
Translations: most approved, most tried, most excellent, most trustworthy, most esteemed
Notes: This word is the superlative form of the adjective 'dokimos', meaning 'approved' or 'tested'. As a superlative, it indicates the highest degree of approval, trustworthiness, or excellence. It is used to describe individuals or things that have been thoroughly tested and found to be of the highest quality, most reliable, or most esteemed among a group. For example, it could refer to the most trustworthy soldiers or the most excellent leaders.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΡΙΣΤΟΥΣ, ΕΚΛΕΚΤΟΥΣ, ΕΥΔΟΚΙΜΟΥΣ
Etymology: The word 'dokimos' comes from the Greek verb 'dokimazo' (δοκιμάζω), meaning 'to test' or 'to approve'. It is related to 'dokos' (δοκός), meaning 'a beam' or 'a test'.
G5295
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: hoo-po-THEM-eh-nos
Translations: having laid under, having put under, having suggested, having proposed, having supposed, having advised
Notes: This word is the aorist middle participle of the verb ΥΠΟΤΙΘΗΜΙ (hypotithēmi). It is a compound word formed from the preposition ΥΠΟ (hypo), meaning 'under', and the verb ΤΙΘΗΜΙ (tithēmi), meaning 'to place' or 'to put'. Therefore, it literally means 'to place under' or 'to put under'. Figuratively, it can mean 'to suggest', 'to propose', 'to advise', or 'to suppose', implying placing an idea or thought under consideration. It describes an action completed in the past by the subject, with the subject being the one who performed the action for themselves or in their own interest.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΣΥΜΒΟΥΛΕΥΩ, ΕΙΣΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOYS
Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her
Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
G0782
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: as-pa-SAS-thai
Translations: to greet, to salute, to embrace, to welcome, to bid farewell
Notes: This word means to greet, salute, or embrace someone, often as a sign of affection, respect, or welcome. It can also be used in the context of bidding farewell. It implies a warm and personal interaction.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle or Passive Voice, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΧΑΙΡΕΤΙΖΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΥΝΕΩ
Etymology: The word comes from the Greek verb ἀσπάζομαι (aspazomai), which is derived from a- (intensive prefix) and σπάω (spaō), meaning 'to draw' or 'to pull'. The original sense might have been 'to draw to oneself' or 'to embrace'.
G3303
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: MEN
Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however
Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.
G1565
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-KAY-noos
Translations: those, them, those ones
Notes: This word is a demonstrative adjective or pronoun meaning 'that' or 'those'. It is used to point out something or someone at a distance, or to refer to something previously mentioned. As an adjective, it modifies a noun (e.g., 'those men'). As a pronoun, it stands in place of a noun (e.g., 'he saw those').
Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΥΤΟΣ, ΟΔΕ
G2087
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: EH-teh-ron
Translations: another, other, different, a different thing, an other thing
Notes: This word means 'another' or 'other', emphasizing a difference in kind or quality from something else. It is used to refer to something distinct or different from what has been previously mentioned or implied. For example, it might be used to say 'another person' or 'a different kind of thing'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΛΛΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΕΤΕΡΟΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'one of two' or 'the other'. It is related to the English word 'other'.
G1161
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: DEH
Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however
Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.
G3367
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: MAY-den
Translations: nothing, no one, none, not even one
Notes: This word is a negative indefinite pronoun or adjective, meaning 'nothing' or 'no one'. It is the neuter form of the word 'ΜΗΔΕΙΣ'. It is used to express absolute negation, particularly in contexts involving prohibitions, commands, or with subjunctive and optative moods, indicating that something should not happen or does not exist under certain conditions. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'do nothing' or 'let nothing happen'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Vocative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΝ
Etymology: The word ΜΗΔΕΙΣ is a compound word formed from the negative particle ΜΗ (meaning 'not') and the numeral ΕΙΣ (meaning 'one'). It literally means 'not even one'.
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb, Noun
Sounds like: LEH-gayn
Translations: to say, to speak, to tell
Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'λέγω' (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. As an infinitive, it functions like a verbal noun, often translated as 'to say' or 'the act of saying'. It can be used in various constructions where an action is expressed as a concept or purpose.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΕΙΠΕΙΝ, ΦΗΜΙ
G5021
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-TAH-xah
Translations: I arranged, I appointed, I ordered, I set, I determined
Notes: This word is the first person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'τάσσω' (tassō). It means to arrange, appoint, order, or set. It describes the act of putting things in a specific order, assigning a position, or making a determination. It can be used in contexts of military arrangements, legal appointments, or general organization.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular
Synonyms: ΔΙΑΤΑΣΣΩ, ΠΡΟΣΤΑΣΣΩ, ΚΑΘΙΣΤΗΜΙ
Etymology: The word 'τάσσω' (tassō) comes from an ancient root meaning 'to arrange' or 'to put in order'.
G2596
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix
Sounds like: kath
Translations: according to, down, against, throughout, during, by, for, with respect to, concerning
Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down' or 'according to'. It is commonly used as a prefix in compound words or as a preposition governing various cases. When used as a preposition, it can indicate movement downwards, distribution, opposition, or a standard of comparison. For example, 'καθ' ἕνα' means 'one by one', and 'καθά' means 'just as' or 'according as'. The elision (dropping of the final vowel) occurs before a word beginning with a vowel and a rough breathing mark.
Inflection: Does not inflect (it is an elided form of a preposition)
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΔΙΑ
Etymology: The word 'κατά' (kata) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'down' or 'against'. It is a common preposition in ancient Greek, indicating various relationships of position, direction, or standard.
G1538
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-KAS-ton
Translations: each, every, each one, every one, each thing, every thing
Notes: This word means 'each' or 'every', referring to individual items or persons within a group. It is used to emphasize the distinctness of each member. It can function as an adjective modifying a noun, or as a pronoun standing in for 'each one' or 'each thing'.
Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΕΚΑΣΤΟΣ, ΠΑΣ
Etymology: The word comes from an intensive form of the demonstrative pronoun 'he' or 'that', emphasizing individuality.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: of them, their, of themselves
Notes: This word is a pronoun indicating possession or relation, specifically for a group of people or things. It is used to mean 'of them' or 'their', often referring back to a previously mentioned plural noun or pronoun.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, All genders
G4103
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pis-TON
Translations: of faithful ones, of believers, of trustworthy ones
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'faithful,' 'trustworthy,' or 'believing.' In this form, it is the genitive plural, indicating possession or relationship, often translated as 'of the faithful' or 'of believers.' It describes a group of people who are characterized by their faith or trustworthiness.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΛΗΘΙΝΩΝ, ΕΥΣΕΒΩΝ
G3696
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: HOP-lee-tohn
Translations: of hoplites, of soldiers, of armed men
Notes: This word refers to 'hoplites,' who were heavily armed foot soldiers in ancient Greece. It is used to describe a group or collection of such soldiers, often in the context of their possessions or actions, as indicated by its genitive case.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΣΤΡΑΤΙΩΤΩΝ, ΜΑΧΗΤΩΝ
Etymology: The word ΟΠΛΙΤΗΣ (hoplites) is derived from ὅπλον (hoplon), meaning 'armor' or 'weapon.' It refers to a soldier equipped with such armor.
G1520
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Part of Speech: Numeral, Adjective, Pronoun
Sounds like: EH-nah
Translations: one, a, an, a certain
Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the numeral 'one'. It can be used as a numeral to indicate a single unit, or as an indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'an'. It can also function as an indefinite pronoun, meaning 'a certain one' or 'someone'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to other words meaning 'one' in various Indo-European languages.
G3939
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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)
Sounds like: pah-rah-foo-LAX-on-tah
Translations: to guard, to watch over, to observe, to keep, to preserve
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'paraphylassō', meaning 'to guard' or 'to watch over'. It describes an action of careful observation or protection. In a sentence, it would function like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb to indicate someone or something that is guarding or watching.
Inflection: Future, Active, Participle, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter, Singular
Synonyms: ΤΗΡΕΩ, ΦΥΛΑΣΣΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΧΩ
G3361
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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb
Sounds like: MAY
Translations: not, lest, no, do not
Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.
G5101
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Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective
Sounds like: TEES
Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing
Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.
Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.
Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toys
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: ΤΟΙΣ is the dative plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, but specifically indicates the indirect object or the recipient of an action, or location/instrument when used with a dative noun. It can be used with masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns in the plural.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into the definite article in Greek.
G3992
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: pem-FTHAY-seen
Translations: (to) those who were sent, (to) those having been sent, (to) those sent
Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle, meaning 'having been sent' or 'those who were sent'. As a dative plural, it indicates the recipients of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for' before the phrase. It describes individuals who have undergone the action of being sent.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΠΕΣΤΑΛΜΕΝΟΙ, ΕΞΑΠΕΣΤΑΛΜΕΝΟΙ
G5259
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix
Sounds like: HOOP
Translations: under, by, with, from, at, through, in, of
Notes: This word is a common Greek preposition and prefix. As a preposition, it typically means 'under' or 'below', but its meaning can vary significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the accusative case, it can indicate motion towards a place ('under', 'to'). As a prefix, it means 'under', 'below', 'less than', or 'secretly', as seen in compound words like 'υποκάτω' (underneath). The form 'ΥΠ' is a common truncation of 'ΥΠΟ' when it acts as a prefix, especially before a vowel, or as part of a compound word.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or prefix)
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑ, ΕΠΙ
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-MOO
Translations: (of) me, my
Notes: This is the genitive case of the first-person singular pronoun 'I'. It indicates possession or origin, functioning similarly to 'of me' or 'my' in English. It is used to show that something belongs to the speaker or comes from the speaker.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, First Person
Synonyms: ΜΟΥ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is the first-person singular pronoun, indicating the speaker.
G4314
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PROSS
Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to
Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).
Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOOS
Translations: the, them, those
Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).
G4012
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PEH-ree
Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.
Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself
Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: the
Notes: This word is the masculine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a particular masculine noun that is the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'he saw the man' or 'towards the God'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed to function as a marker of definiteness in Greek.
G2493
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ee-oh-na-THAN
Translations: Jonathan
Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to the Hebrew name Jonathan. It is a common biblical name, notably the son of King Saul and a close friend of David. In this form, it is in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: The name Jonathan is of Hebrew origin, derived from the Hebrew name Yehonatan (יְהוֹנָתָן), meaning 'Yahweh has given' or 'gift of God'. It combines the divine name Yahweh (יהוה) with the verb 'natan' (נתן), meaning 'to give'.
G3658
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: oh-mee-LEE-ah
Translations: conversation, discourse, company, association, a conversation, a discourse, a company, an association
Notes: This word refers to a conversation, discourse, or communication between people. It can also denote the act of associating with others, or the company one keeps. It is used to describe verbal interaction or social engagement.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΙΑΛΟΓΟΣ, ΣΥΝΟΜΙΛΙΑ, ΣΥΝΟΥΣΙΑ
Etymology: From the Greek verb ὁμιλέω (homileō), meaning 'to be in company with, to associate with, to converse with', which itself comes from ὅμιλος (homilos), meaning 'an assembled crowd, a throng'.
G1096
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: geh-NEE-tai
Translations: may be, might be, become, happen, come to pass, be made, be done
Notes: This word signifies 'to come into being,' 'to happen,' 'to become,' or 'to be made.' It is often used to describe events unfolding or states changing. It can also mean 'to be done' or 'to be performed' in certain contexts.
Inflection: 3rd Person Singular, Aorist, Subjunctive, Middle Voice
Synonyms: ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΕΙΜΙ, ΠΟΙΕΩ
Etymology: The word ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to come into being' or 'to be born.' It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey the idea of generation or becoming.
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection
Sounds like: OY
Translations: the, who, they, oh
Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.
Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.
G4198
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-por-YOO-thay-san
Translations: they went, they departed, they traveled, they walked
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to go', 'to depart', 'to travel', or 'to walk'. It describes the act of moving from one place to another. The form 'ἘΠΟΡΕΥΘΗΣΑΝ' indicates that the action was completed in the past by a group of people (third person plural). It is often used to describe a journey or a movement towards a destination.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Indicative, Passive
Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΒΑΙΝΩ, ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: The word πορεύομαι (poreuomai) comes from the Greek word πόρος (poros), meaning 'a way' or 'a passage'. It signifies movement along a path or route.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: THAYS
Translations: of the
Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.
G4413
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PRO-tays
Translations: of first, of the first, first
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'first' in order, rank, or importance. It is used to describe something that comes before all others. For example, it can refer to the first day, the first group, or the most important person.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΡΧΑΙΟΣ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ
G3986
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PEI-ras
Translations: trial, a trial, test, a test, attempt, an attempt, experience, an experience
Notes: This word refers to a trial, test, or attempt. It can also mean experience. It is often used in contexts of proving something or someone through a challenge or an ordeal. It can also refer to the act of making an experiment or an effort.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine or Plural, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΟΚΙΜΗ, ΠΕΙΡΑΣΜΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΠΕΙΡΑ comes from the verb περάω (perao), meaning 'to pass through, to traverse', suggesting the idea of going through an experience or a test.
G0264
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-mar-TON-tes
Translations: having sinned, sinning, having done wrong, doing wrong
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to sin' or 'to miss the mark'. It describes someone who has committed a sin or made a mistake. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, indicating an action that has already occurred or is ongoing, depending on the context. For example, it could be used to say 'those who have sinned' or 'the ones sinning'.
Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Plural, Aorist, Active, Participle
Synonyms: ΑΝΟΜΟΥΝΤΕΣ, ΠΑΡΑΒΑΙΝΟΝΤΕΣ
G2087
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: EH-teh-ran
Translations: another, other, a different
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'another', 'other', or 'different'. It is used to refer to something that is distinct in kind or quality from something else already mentioned or implied. For example, it might refer to 'another kind of person' or 'a different type of thing'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΛΛΟΣ
G1992
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ep-is-toh-LEN
Translations: letter, an epistle, a letter, an epistle, a written message
Notes: This word refers to a written message, a letter, or an epistle. It is typically used to describe a communication sent from one person or group to another, often for official or personal purposes. It can be used in contexts such as sending a decree, a personal note, or a formal communication.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΓΡΑΜΜΑ, ΒΙΒΛΙΟΝ
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: MOY
Translations: (to) me, (for) me
Notes: ΜΟΙ is the dative form of the first-person singular pronoun 'I'. It is used to indicate the indirect object of a verb, showing to whom or for whom an action is performed. It can also express possession or benefit.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, First Person
Synonyms: ΕΜΟΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a very ancient word, found across many Indo-European languages.
G5108
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: toy-OW-teen
Translations: such, such a, of such a kind
Notes: This word is a demonstrative adjective used to describe something of the kind or quality just mentioned or about to be mentioned. It functions similarly to 'this kind of' or 'that kind of'. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΤΟΙΟΣΔΕ, ΤΟΣΟΥΤΟΣ
G3992
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ep-EM-psan
Translations: they sent, they did send
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'they sent' or 'they dispatched'. It describes the action of causing something or someone to go to a particular destination. It is used to indicate that a group of people performed the action of sending in the past.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ, ΕΞΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ
G2493
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ee-oh-NAH-thays
Translations: Jonathan
Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to the male personal name Jonathan. It is a common name found in the Old Testament, notably as the son of King Saul and a close friend of David. In Koine Greek texts, it refers to various individuals bearing this name.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Etymology: The name ἸΩΝΑΘΗΣ (Iōnāthēs) is of Hebrew origin, derived from the Hebrew name יְהוֹנָתָן (Yehonatan), meaning 'Yahweh has given' or 'gift of Yahweh'.
G4862
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix
Sounds like: soon
Translations: with, together with, along with
Notes: ΣΥΝ is a preposition that typically takes the dative case, meaning 'with' or 'together with', indicating association, accompaniment, or union. It is also very commonly used as a prefix in compound words, where it conveys the idea of 'togetherness', 'union', 'completion', or 'joint action'. For example, 'συντρίβω' (syntribo) means 'to break together' or 'to crush', and 'συνκαίω' (synkaio) means 'to burn together'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.
Synonyms: ΜΕΤΑ, ΟΜΟΥ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kom, meaning 'with' or 'beside'. It is cognate with Latin 'cum' and English 'co-' or 'con-'.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOH
Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself
Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter
G2501
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ee-oh-SAY-po
Translations: Joseph
Notes: This is the name Joseph, a common male proper name in ancient times, particularly prominent in Jewish and Christian contexts. It refers to a specific individual and is used to identify them in a sentence.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine
G5463
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: khai-REIN
Translations: to rejoice, to be glad, to greet, hail
Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'to rejoice' or 'to be glad'. In ancient Greek letters and documents, it was commonly used as a formal greeting, similar to saying 'Greetings!' or 'Hail!' to the recipient, expressing well-wishing or good health. It can also simply mean 'to rejoice' or 'to be glad' in other contexts.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΑΓΑΛΛΙΑΩ, ΕΥΦΡΑΙΝΩ
Etymology: The word ΧΑΙΡΩ comes from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- 'to desire, to want'. It is related to words meaning 'joy' or 'gladness'.
G3853
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pa-rang-GEL-lo-men
Translations: we command, we instruct, we order, we charge
Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning 'to command', 'to instruct', or 'to give orders'. It is often used in the context of giving a formal or authoritative instruction. It is formed from the preposition 'παρά' (para), meaning 'alongside' or 'from', and 'ἀγγέλλω' (angellō), meaning 'to announce' or 'to report'.
Inflection: First Person Plural, Present Indicative, Active Voice
Synonyms: ΕΝΤΕΛΛΟΜΑΙ, ΚΕΛΕΥΩ, ΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΤΩ
G4771
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: SOY
Translations: (to) you, (for) you, you
Notes: This is the second-person singular dative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'to you' or 'for you'. It can also simply translate as 'you' when the context implies a dative relationship, such as indirect object or a recipient of an action. It is used to indicate the person to whom something is given, said, or done, or for whom an action is performed. For example, 'I give to you' or 'I do this for you'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Second Person
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a very ancient pronoun, found across many Indo-European languages.
G5565
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: KHO-rees
Translations: without, apart from, separately, by itself, besides
Notes: This word can function as a preposition, meaning 'without' or 'apart from', typically taking a genitive case. It can also function as an adverb, meaning 'separately' or 'by itself'. It is used to indicate separation, absence, or independence from something or someone.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΝΕΥ, ΔΙΧΑ
Etymology: From the root of χωρίζω (chōrizō), meaning 'to separate' or 'to divide'.
G1519
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EES
Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward
Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.
G5154
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: TREE-tayn
Translations: third, a third, the third
Notes: This word means 'third' and is an ordinal number. It is used to indicate the position in a sequence, such as 'the third day' or 'the third hour'. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun.
Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Feminine
G3854
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pa-ra-ge-NES-thai
Translations: to come, to arrive, to be present, to appear
Notes: This word is an aorist middle infinitive of the verb 'παραγίνομαι', meaning 'to come alongside', 'to arrive', or 'to be present'. It is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'παρά' (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become' or 'to come into being'. It is used to describe the act of someone or something coming to a specific place or being present at an event.
Inflection: Infinitive, Aorist, Middle Voice
Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΗΚΩ, ΦΘΑΝΩ
Etymology: The verb 'παραγίνομαι' is a compound of the preposition 'παρά' (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become' or 'to come into being'. The combination signifies a coming or being present in proximity to something or someone.
G2249
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: HAY-mas
Translations: us
Notes: This word is the first-person plural pronoun 'we' in the accusative case. It is used to indicate the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions, meaning 'us'. For example, 'He saw us' or 'They spoke to us'.
Inflection: First-person, Plural, Accusative
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: gah-bah-ROTH
Translations: Gabaroth, Gabara
Notes: This is a proper noun referring to a specific place, likely a village or town in ancient Galilee. It is mentioned in historical texts, such as those by Josephus, as a location where events took place.
Inflection: Singular, Locative or Dative
Etymology: The etymology of 'Gabaroth' is not definitively known, but it is believed to be of Aramaic or Hebrew origin, possibly related to words meaning 'strong' or 'mighty'.
G2968
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KOH-main
Translations: village, a village
Notes: This word refers to a village or a small town, typically an unfortified settlement smaller than a city. It is used to denote a rural community or a collection of dwellings outside of a major urban center. In a sentence, it would often be used to indicate a destination or location, such as 'they went to the village' or 'he lived in a village'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΟΛΙΣ, ΧΩΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'settlement' or 'unfortified dwelling'. It is related to Latin 'pagus' (country district, village) and English 'home'.
G2443
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: EE-nah
Translations: in order that, that, so that, to
Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause expressing purpose, result, or content. It often translates to 'in order that' or simply 'that' when indicating the aim or outcome of an action. It can also be used to express a command or exhortation, especially when followed by the subjunctive mood.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣΤΕ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en- (in). It is related to the preposition 'in' and developed into a conjunction expressing purpose or result.
G1251
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: dee-ah-KOO-so-men
Translations: let us hear through, let us listen carefully, let us give a hearing to
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from διά (dia, "through, thoroughly") and ἀκούω (akouo, "to hear"). It means to hear through, to listen carefully, or to give a thorough hearing to something. It implies a complete and attentive listening, often with the intent of understanding or judging a matter.
Inflection: First Person Plural, Aorist, Subjunctive, Active
Synonyms: ΑΚΟΥΩ, ΕΠΑΚΟΥΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΧΩ
Etymology: The word ΔΙΑΚΟΥΩ is formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and the verb ἀκούω (akouo), meaning 'to hear'. The combination implies hearing something through to completion or hearing a case thoroughly.
G2491
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ee-oh-AN-neen
Translations: John
Notes: This is a common proper name, equivalent to the English name John. It is used to refer to various individuals in the Bible, such as John the Baptist or the Apostle John. As an accusative case, it typically functions as the direct object of a verb.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
G1458
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: eng-KLEH-mah-tohn
Translations: of accusation, of charge, of complaint, of crime, of offense
Notes: This word refers to an accusation, charge, complaint, or crime. It is often used in legal or judicial contexts to describe the formal bringing of a charge against someone, or the offense itself. It is a compound word, formed from the preposition ἐν (en, meaning 'in' or 'on') and κλῆμα (klema, meaning 'a branch' or 'a shoot', but here related to the verb ἐγκαλέω, enkaleo, 'to call in, accuse').
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΗΓΟΡΙΑ, ΑΙΤΙΑ, ΑΜΑΡΤΙΑ
Etymology: The word ἔγκλημα (enklēma) is derived from the verb ἐγκαλέω (enkaleō), meaning 'to call in, accuse, charge'. This verb is a compound of ἐν (en, 'in, on') and καλέω (kaleō, 'to call'). The noun thus refers to something called in or brought against someone.
G1096
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ge-go-NO-ton
Translations: of those who have become, of those who have happened, of those who have been, of things that have happened, of things that have been done
Notes: This word is the genitive plural perfect participle of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become,' 'to happen,' or 'to be.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, describing someone or something that has undergone the action of becoming or happening. In this form, it refers to 'of those who have become/happened' or 'of things that have happened/been done,' often implying a completed state or event.
Inflection: Perfect, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΝΤΩΝ, ΥΠΑΡΧΟΝΤΩΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to come into being' or 'to be born.' It is related to the English word 'kin' and 'genesis'.
G1125
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: grap-SAN-tes
Translations: having written, writing, after writing, when they had written, those who wrote
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to write'. It describes an action of writing that has been completed or is ongoing, often indicating the subject who performed the action. It functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb, and can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'having written' or 'those who wrote'.
Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΣΥΓΓΡΑΦΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΡΑΦΩ, ΑΠΟΓΡΑΦΩ
G0782
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: as-pa-SAH-me-noy
Translations: having greeted, having embraced, having saluted, having welcomed
Notes: This is a participle derived from the verb 'aspazomai', meaning 'to greet' or 'to embrace'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred, often functioning like an adjective or adverb. It indicates that the subjects performed the action of greeting or embracing. For example, 'having greeted one another, they departed'.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Masculine, Nominative, Plural
Synonyms: ΧΑΙΡΕΤΙΖΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΥΝΕΩ
Etymology: The word 'aspazomai' is believed to be derived from 'a-' (intensive prefix) and 'spao' (to draw, to pull), suggesting an action of drawing someone close, hence to embrace or greet.
G1056
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: gah-li-LAI-oos
Translations: Galileans
Notes: This word refers to people from Galilee, a region in northern ancient Israel. It is used to denote the inhabitants or natives of that area.
Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Accusative
Etymology: From Γαλιλαία (Galilaia), the name of the region, which is of Hebrew origin meaning 'circle' or 'district'.
G3775
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: OOS
Translations: ear, an ear
Notes: This word refers to the anatomical organ of hearing, the ear. It is used in various contexts to denote the physical ear, but also metaphorically for the act of hearing or understanding, as in 'to lend an ear' or 'to have ears to hear'. It is a singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΩΤΙΟΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ows- (ear).
G3992
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: peh-POM-fain
Translations: to have sent
Notes: This word is the perfect active infinitive form of the verb 'ΠΕΜΠΩ' (pempo), meaning 'to send'. As a perfect infinitive, it describes an action that was completed in the past, but whose results or state continue into the present. It translates as 'to have sent' and can be used in various grammatical constructions, often with verbs of knowing, saying, or perceiving.
Inflection: Perfect, Active, Infinitive
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *pempe- (to send, to lead).
G0864
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-FEE-kon-toh
Translations: they arrived, they came, they reached
Notes: This is a compound verb, meaning 'to arrive' or 'to come to a place'. It is formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb ἱκνέομαι (hikneomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to reach'. The form 'ἀφίκοντο' specifically means 'they arrived' or 'they came' in the past.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle/Passive, 3rd Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΗΚΩ, ΠΑΡΑΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀπό (apo, 'from, away from') and ἱκνέομαι (hikneomai, 'to come, to reach').
G2424
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ee-ah-FAN
Translations: Japhia
Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to a specific place or person. In the provided context, it refers to a village in Galilee. It is a name that does not change form based on grammatical case or number.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The name 'Japhia' is of Hebrew origin, meaning 'bright' or 'splendid'. It is found in the Old Testament as both a personal name and a place name.
G3173
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: MEH-giss-teen
Translations: greatest, a greatest, largest, a largest, biggest, a biggest
Notes: This word is the superlative form of 'great' or 'large'. It means 'greatest', 'largest', or 'biggest'. It is used to describe something that surpasses all others in size, importance, or degree. In a sentence, it would modify a noun, indicating that the noun possesses the highest degree of a particular quality.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine, Superlative
Synonyms: ΜΕΓΑΛΟΣ, ΥΠΕΡΜΕΓΕΘΗΣ
G1510
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: OO-san
Translations: being, existing, that is, that exists
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'to be'. As a participle, it describes something that is 'being' or 'existing' at the time of the action. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun, or can be used substantively (as a noun). In this form, it is feminine, singular, and in the accusative case, meaning it would be the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition, referring to a feminine noun.
Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Feminine, Present, Active, Participle
Etymology: The verb ΕἸΜΙ (eimi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to be' or 'to exist'. It is one of the most fundamental verbs in the Greek language.
G1722
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: en
Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).
Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun
Sounds like: TAY
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which
Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.
G1056
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: gah-lee-LAH-yah
Translations: Galilee
Notes: Galilee is a region in northern ancient Israel, known for its fertile land and significant role in biblical history, particularly as the primary setting for Jesus's ministry. It is often referred to in the New Testament.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Genitive, or Dative, Feminine
Etymology: The name 'Galilee' comes from the Hebrew word 'galil' (גָּלִיל), meaning 'circle' or 'district'. It referred to a district of northern Israel, particularly the region inhabited by Gentiles.
G5098
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: TEE-kheh-sin
Translations: to walls, to a wall, walls, a wall
Notes: This word refers to a wall, especially a defensive wall or city wall. In this inflected form, it is used in the dative case, indicating the indirect object or the means/instrument by which something is done, often translated with 'to' or 'for', or simply as the plural 'walls' depending on context.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΤΕΙΧΗ, ΤΕΙΧΟΣ
G3735
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: okh-yoo-ROH-tah-teen
Translations: most fortified, most secure, most strong, a most fortified, a most secure, a most strong
Notes: This word is the superlative form of the adjective 'ὀχυρός' (ochyros), meaning 'fortified' or 'strong'. As a superlative, it indicates the highest degree of the quality, meaning 'most fortified' or 'most secure'. It is used to describe something that is extremely well-protected or impregnable.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine, Superlative
Synonyms: ΑΣΦΑΛΕΣΤΑΤΗΝ, ΙΣΧΥΡΟΤΑΤΗΝ, ΚΡΑΤΙΣΤΗΝ
G4183
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pol-LOHN
Translations: of many, of much
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'πολύς' (polys), meaning 'many' or 'much'. It is used to describe a large quantity or number of something. As a genitive form, it often indicates possession, origin, or the object of certain prepositions, translating to 'of many' or 'of much' depending on the context.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
Synonyms: ΠΛΕΙΩΝ, ΙΚΑΝΟΣ
G3611
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: oy-KAY-toh-rohn
Translations: of inhabitants, inhabitants
Notes: This word refers to those who dwell in a place, residents, or occupants. It is used to describe people who live in a particular city, house, or region.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΟΙΚΟΣ, ΕΝΟΙΚΟΣ
Etymology: From the verb οἰκέω (oikeō), meaning 'to dwell' or 'to inhabit', which itself comes from οἶκος (oikos), meaning 'house'.
G3324
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: mes-TEN
Translations: full, filled, laden, a full
Notes: This word describes something as being full or filled with something. It can be used to indicate that a container is full, or that a place is full of people or objects. It often takes a genitive case to specify what it is full of, meaning 'full of X'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΛΗΡΗΣ, ΓΕΜΩΝ
G5221
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: hoo-pan-TEE-ah-zen
Translations: he was meeting, he met, he came to meet, he went to meet, he encountered
Notes: This word is the 3rd person singular imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'υπαντάω' (hypantao), meaning 'to go to meet' or 'to encounter'. It describes an action that was ongoing or repeated in the past, or an action that occurred in the past and is viewed as a continuous process. It is used to describe someone going out to meet another person or group.
Inflection: 3rd Person Singular, Imperfect, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΑΠΑΝΤΑΩ, ΣΥΝΑΝΤΑΩ
Etymology: The word ΥΠΑΝΤΑΩ (hypantao) is a compound word formed from the preposition ΥΠΟ (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'to', and ΑΝΤΑΩ (antao), meaning 'to meet' or 'to come face to face with'. Thus, it literally means 'to come under to meet' or 'to go to meet'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G4128
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PLAY-thoss
Translations: multitude, a multitude, crowd, a crowd, great number, abundance, a great number
Notes: This word refers to a large number or quantity of people or things. It can be used to describe a crowd of people, a large amount of something, or a general abundance. For example, it might refer to a large gathering of disciples or a great quantity of fish.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΧΛΟΣ, ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΑΓΕΛΗ
Etymology: From the Greek root *pleth-* meaning 'to be full' or 'to fill'. It is related to words indicating fullness or abundance.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOOS
Translations: them, themselves, these, those
Notes: This word is the masculine accusative plural form of the pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos). It is used to refer to a group of male or mixed-gender individuals as the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition. It can mean 'them' or, when used emphatically, 'themselves'.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
G3326
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: MEH-tah
Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides
Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.
G1135
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: goo-nai-KOHN
Translations: of women, women
Notes: This word refers to women in general, or specifically to wives. It is used here in the genitive plural, indicating possession or relationship, often translated as 'of women'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΘΗΛΕΙΑΙ, ΘΥΓΑΤΕΡΕΣ
G5043
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: TEK-non
Translations: of children, children
Notes: This word refers to offspring, descendants, or young ones. It is used to denote a child or children in a literal sense, or sometimes metaphorically to refer to those who are spiritually related or under someone's care. It is a common term for a son or daughter.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Neuter
Synonyms: ΥΙΩΝ, ΠΑΙΔΩΝ
G2645
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kah-teh-bo-O-ohn
Translations: they cried out against, they shouted against, they denounced
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from κατά (kata, 'down, against') and βοάω (boaō, 'to cry out, shout'). It means to cry out or shout against someone or something, often in protest, accusation, or denunciation. It describes an action of vocal opposition or condemnation.
Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΗΓΟΡΕΩ, ΕΠΙΒΟΑΩ
G2753
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: keh-LEH-on-tes
Translations: commanding, ordering, urging, bidding, telling
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'commanding' or 'ordering'. It describes an action that is ongoing or habitual. It is used to indicate someone who is giving an instruction or a directive to others.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΤΑΤΤΩ, ΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΤΩ, ΕΝΤΕΛΛΟΜΑΙ
G0565
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-pee-EH-nai
Translations: to go away, to depart, to leave, to go off
Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'ἀπεῖμι', meaning 'to go away' or 'to depart'. It describes the action of moving from one place to another, specifically leaving a location. It can be used in various contexts to indicate a physical departure or a general act of going.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ἈΠΕΡΧΕΣΘΑΙ, ἘΞΕΡΧΕΣΘΑΙ, ἈΝΑΧΩΡΕΙΝ
Etymology: The word 'ἀπεῖμι' is a compound verb formed from the prefix 'ἀπό' (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb 'εἶμι' (eimi), meaning 'to go'.
G5354
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: fthoh-NEH-in
Translations: to envy, to begrudge, to be jealous
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to envy' or 'to begrudge'. It describes the feeling of discontent or resentment aroused by another person's possessions, qualities, or luck. It can also mean to be unwilling to give or allow something to someone.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΖΗΛΟΩ, ΒΑΣΚΑΙΝΩ
Etymology: From φθόνος (phthonos), meaning 'envy' or 'jealousy'. Its origin is uncertain, possibly related to φθάνω (phthanō), 'to anticipate, to be before'.
G0018
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-gah-THOO
Translations: of good, of a good thing, of a good person
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the adjective 'ἈΓΑΘΟΣ', meaning 'good'. It describes something or someone that is inherently good, beneficial, or virtuous. It can refer to moral goodness, usefulness, or excellence. In a sentence, it would typically modify a noun, indicating that the noun possesses the quality of goodness, and its genitive case often implies possession or origin, hence 'of good'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΚΑΛΟΥ, ΧΡΗΣΤΟΥ
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G4755
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: strah-tay-GOO
Translations: of a commander, of a general, of a governor, of a captain, of a chief magistrate
Notes: This word refers to a military commander, general, or a civil governor or chief magistrate. In ancient Greek city-states, a strategos was an elected official responsible for military affairs, often holding significant political power. It can also refer to a captain or chief officer in a broader sense.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΚΥΒΕΡΝΗΤΗΣ
Etymology: The word ΣΤΡΑΤΗΓΟΣ is a compound word derived from ΣΤΡΑΤΟΣ (STRATOS), meaning 'army' or 'expedition', and ΑΓΩ (AGO), meaning 'to lead' or 'to guide'. Thus, it literally means 'leader of an army'.
G3948
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: par-eh-reh-THIZ-on-toh
Translations: they were provoked, they were irritated, they were incited
Notes: This word is the third person plural, imperfect passive indicative form of the verb παρερεθίζω (parerethizo). It means to provoke, irritate, or incite someone, often to anger or rivalry. As a passive form, it indicates that the subjects were being acted upon, meaning they were the ones being provoked or irritated. It is a compound word formed from παρά (para, 'beside, alongside') and ἐρεθίζω (erethizo, 'to rouse, provoke').
Inflection: Third Person Plural, Imperfect Tense, Passive Voice, Indicative Mood
Synonyms: ΕΡΕΘΙΖΩ, ΠΑΡΟΞΥΝΩ, ΠΑΡΟΡΓΙΖΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH-ees
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: This word is the dative plural feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate that the noun it modifies is feminine, plural, and in the dative case, often signifying indirect objects, recipients, or the means by which something is done. It can be translated as 'to the' or 'for the', or simply 'the' depending on the context.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Feminine
G5456
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: foh-NAIS
Translations: to voices, with voices, by voices, in voices, to sounds, with sounds, by sounds, in sounds
Notes: This word refers to a voice, sound, or noise. In its dative plural form, as seen here, it indicates the means by which something is done, or the recipient of an action, often translated as 'to voices,' 'with voices,' or 'by voices.' It can be used for human voices, animal sounds, or even inanimate noises.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΗΧΟΣ, ΚΡΑΥΓΗ, ΒΟΗ
G5319
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: fah-neh-ROON
Translations: to make manifest, to reveal, to show, to appear, to be revealed, to be made visible
Notes: This word means to make something visible, known, or clear. It implies bringing something hidden or obscure into the open, revealing it to others. It can be used transitively, meaning 'to show something,' or intransitively, meaning 'to appear' or 'to become visible.'
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΔΕΙΣΚΝΥΜΙ, ΑΠΟΚΑΛΥΠΤΩ
Etymology: The word Φανερόω (phaneroō) comes from the adjective φανερός (phaneros), meaning 'visible, manifest, evident,' which in turn is derived from φαίνω (phainō), meaning 'to bring to light, to show, to appear.'
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TANE
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.
G3709
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: or-GAYN
Translations: wrath, anger, indignation, punishment, a wrath, an anger
Notes: This word refers to a strong, passionate emotion, often intense anger or indignation. It can describe human anger, but is frequently used in a theological context to refer to God's righteous anger or divine judgment, which often leads to punishment. It is used here in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΘΥΜΟΣ, ΠΑΘΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΟΡΓΗ (orgē) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *werg-, meaning 'to work' or 'to do'. It originally referred to an impulse or natural disposition, which then evolved to mean a strong emotion or passion, and eventually anger or wrath.
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OOK
Translations: not, no
Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.
G5111
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-TOL-mohn
Translations: dared, were daring, had dared, ventured, were venturing
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to dare', 'to venture', or 'to be bold'. It describes an action of having the courage or audacity to do something, often implying a risk or a challenge. In this form, it indicates an ongoing or repeated action in the past.
Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΘΑΡΡΕΩ, ΤΟΛΜΗ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek τολμάω (tolmáō), from τόλμα (tólma, “courage, daring”).
G0001
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: ax-ee-OH-san-tes
Translations: having deemed worthy, having thought worthy, having demanded, having requested, having asked, having claimed, having considered worthy
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having deemed worthy' or 'having thought worthy'. It describes an action completed in the past by the subject, indicating that they considered something or someone to be deserving of a particular status, treatment, or action. It can also mean to demand or request something, implying that the subject feels entitled to it or that it is fitting. It is often used in contexts where someone makes a claim or a request based on a sense of worthiness or appropriateness.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΑἸΤΈΩ, ΔΈΟΜΑΙ, ἘΡΩΤΆΩ
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Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral
Sounds like: DEL-tah
Translations: Delta, four, 4
Notes: Δ (Delta) is the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet. In the Greek numeral system, it represents the number four. It is also used as a symbol in various contexts, including mathematics and science, though its primary function in Koine Greek texts is as a letter or a numeral.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The Greek letter Delta is derived from the Phoenician letter Dalet, which means 'door'.
G612
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-po-KREE-seh-ohs
Translations: of an answer, of a reply, of a decision, of a judgment
Notes: This word refers to an answer, a reply, or a decision. It can also denote a judgment or a response given in a legal or deliberative context. It is often used to describe the act of responding to a question or a situation.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ἈΝΤΙΦΩΝΗΣΕΩΣ, ὙΠΟΚΡΙΣΕΩΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAS
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑΣ is the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a particular noun, similar to 'the' in English. This specific form is used when the noun it modifies is feminine, plural, and in the accusative case, indicating the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Feminine, Plural, Accusative
G0236
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: al-LAS
Translations: change, exchange, alter, transform, substitute
Notes: This verb means to change, alter, or exchange something. It can be used to describe a physical transformation, a change in circumstances, or the act of substituting one thing for another. It is often used in the middle voice (ἈΛΛΆΣΣΟΜΑΙ) to mean 'to be changed' or 'to exchange for oneself'.
Inflection: First Person Singular, Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice; or Second Person Singular, Aorist Imperative, Active Voice; or Third Person Singular, Aorist Indicative, Active Voice; or First Person Singular, Aorist Subjunctive, Active Voice; or Second Person Singular, Aorist Subjunctive, Active Voice; or Third Person Singular, Aorist Subjunctive, Active Voice; or First Person Singular, Aorist Optative, Active Voice; or Second Person Singular, Aorist Optative, Active Voice; or Third Person Singular, Aorist Optative, Active Voice; or First Person Singular, Aorist Imperative, Middle Voice; or Second Person Singular, Aorist Imperative, Middle Voice; or Third Person Singular, Aorist Imperative, Middle Voice; or First Person Singular, Aorist Subjunctive, Middle Voice; or Second Person Singular, Aorist Subjunctive, Middle Voice; or Third Person Singular, Aorist Subjunctive, Middle Voice; or First Person Singular, Aorist Optative, Middle Voice; or Second Person Singular, Aorist Optative, Middle Voice; or Third Person Singular, Aorist Optative, Middle Voice.
Synonyms: ΜΕΤΑΒΆΛΛΩ, ΜΕΤΑΤΊΘΗΜΙ
Etymology: From ἌΛΛΟΣ (allos), meaning 'other'. The verb signifies making something 'other' than it was.
G2968
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KOH-mas
Translations: villages, a village
Notes: This word refers to villages or small towns, typically unfortified settlements in the countryside, distinct from larger cities. It is used to describe places where people live outside of major urban centers.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΟΛΕΙΣ, ΧΩΡΑΙ
G4198
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-por-YOO-on-toh
Translations: they were going, they went, they traveled, they proceeded
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to go', 'to travel', or 'to proceed'. It describes an action of movement. The form 'ἘΠΟΡΕΥΟΝΤΟ' indicates that the action was ongoing or repeated in the past, often translated as 'they were going' or 'they went' (in a continuous sense). It is commonly used to describe people moving from one place to another.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Indicative, Middle/Passive Voice
Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΒΑΙΝΩ, ΟΔΕΥΩ
G3664
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ho-MOY-ai
Translations: similar, like, resembling
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'similar,' 'like,' or 'resembling.' It is used to describe something that shares characteristics or appearance with something else. For example, one might say 'the two houses are similar' or 'she is like her mother.'
Inflection: Plural, Feminine, Nominative or Vocative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΠΑΡΟΜΟΙΟΣ, ΙΣΟΣ
G5221
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: hoo-PAN-ton
Translations: they were meeting, they were coming to meet, they were going to meet
Notes: This word is the third person plural imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'hypantaō'. It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, meaning 'to meet', 'to come to meet', or 'to go to meet' someone or something. It often implies an encounter, sometimes with the purpose of welcoming or confronting. In a sentence, it would describe a group of people in the past who were in the process of meeting someone.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΝΤΑΩ, ΑΠΑΝΤΑΩ
Etymology: The word 'hypantaō' is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'hypo' (under, from below) and the verb 'antaō' (to meet, to come face to face). It literally means 'to meet from below' or 'to come up to meet'.
G3844
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: pah-RAH
Translations: from, by, with, beside, at, near, alongside, to
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it typically means 'from' or 'from beside', indicating origin or agency. With the dative case, it means 'with', 'beside', or 'at', indicating proximity or presence. With the accusative case, it means 'alongside', 'to', or 'past', indicating motion towards or along something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΥΠΟ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'beside', 'alongside'. It is cognate with English 'for' and 'from'.
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-tone
Translations: (of) all, (of) every, (of) everyone, (of) everything, (of) the whole
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'πᾶς' (pas), meaning 'all', 'every', or 'the whole'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for a plural group, signifying 'of all' or 'belonging to all'. It can refer to people, things, or concepts, encompassing a complete set or totality.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Interjection, Prefix, Numeral
Sounds like: AI
Translations: the, who, which, alas, oh, 11
Notes: The word 'ΑΙ' can function in several ways in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it is the feminine nominative plural form of the definite article, meaning 'the' (referring to multiple feminine nouns). It can also be the feminine nominative plural form of the relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which'. Less frequently, it can be an interjection expressing sorrow or pain, similar to 'alas' or 'oh'. It can also appear as a prefix in compound words. Additionally, 'ΑΙ' can represent the number 11 when used as a numerical symbol (alpha-iota). It is also possible for 'ΑΙ' to be an elision or contraction of other words, such as 'ἀεί' (always) or 'ἄγε' (come on!), though this is less common in the New Testament.
Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Plural (for article and pronoun); Does not inflect (for interjection, prefix, and numeral)
Etymology: The origin of 'ΑΙ' as a definite article and relative pronoun is from Proto-Indo-European. Its use as an interjection is onomatopoeic.
G2645
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kah-tah-boh-EE-sace
Translations: outcries, shouts, clamors, accusations
Notes: This word refers to loud shouts or cries, often expressing disapproval, protest, or accusation. It implies a strong, vocal expression of feeling, typically negative, directed against someone or something. It is a compound word formed from 'κατά' (down, against) and 'βοάω' (to shout, cry out).
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΡΑΥΓΑΙ, ΒΟΑΙ, ΘΟΡΥΒΟΙ
G3343
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: meh-tah-PAY-seen
Translations: to persuade otherwise, to change one's mind, to dissuade
Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb ΜΕΤΑΠΕΙΘΩ. It is a compound word formed from μετά (meta), meaning 'with' or 'after' (implying change), and πείθω (peitho), meaning 'to persuade'. Therefore, it means to persuade someone to change their mind or to dissuade them from a previous course of action or belief. It describes the act of altering someone's conviction through persuasion.
Inflection: Infinitive, Aorist, Active
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΤΡΕΠΩ, ΑΠΟΠΕΙΘΩ
Etymology: The word ΜΕΤΑΠΕΙΘΩ is a compound verb derived from the preposition μετά (meta), meaning 'with, after, among, or denoting change', and the verb πείθω (peitho), meaning 'to persuade, to convince'. The combination signifies a change in persuasion or conviction.
G0994
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: boh-OHN-tohn
Translations: (of) crying out, (of) shouting, (of) roaring, (of) those crying out, (of) those shouting, (of) those roaring
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'crying out' or 'shouting'. It describes an ongoing action of making a loud sound. As a participle, it can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or substantivally, acting as a noun itself (e.g., 'those who are crying out'). It is often used to describe a loud call, a cry for help, or a roar.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
Synonyms: ΚΡΑΖΟΝΤΩΝ, ΦΩΝΟΥΝΤΩΝ
Etymology: The verb ΒΟΑΩ (boao) means 'to cry aloud, shout, roar'. It is of uncertain origin, possibly imitative of a loud sound.
G3762
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: oo-DEH-nah
Translations: no one, nobody, none, nothing
Notes: This word is the accusative singular form of the negative pronoun/adjective "οὐδείς" (oudeis), meaning "no one," "nobody," or "nothing." It is a compound word formed from "οὐ" (ou, "not") and "εἷς" (heis, "one"). It is used to negate a person or thing, functioning as the direct object in a sentence. For example, it could mean "(I saw) no one" or "(I have) nothing."
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΜΗΔΕΙΣ, ΟΥ̓ΔΕΝ
G4755
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: strah-tay-GON
Translations: general, commander, a general, a commander, governor, a governor, chief magistrate, a chief magistrate
Notes: This word refers to a military commander, a general, or a governor. In some contexts, it can also refer to a chief magistrate or a city official responsible for public order. It is used to describe someone in a position of leadership or authority, particularly in military or administrative roles.
Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Accusative
Synonyms: ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΔΟΥΞ
G2192
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EKH-ayn
Translations: to have, to hold, to possess, to be able, to keep, to get
Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It is used to express possession, a state of being, or ability. As an infinitive, it often functions like a noun, serving as the subject or object of another verb, or it can complete the meaning of another verb.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΚΕΚΤΗΜΑΙ, ΚΡΑΤΕΩ
G2501
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ee-oh-SAY-pon
Translations: Josephus
Notes: This is a proper noun referring to Josephus, the famous Jewish historian of the first century AD, known for his works documenting Jewish history, particularly the First Jewish-Roman War. It is used as the direct object in a sentence.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
G0662
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-PRAK-toy
Translations: ineffective, ineffectual, useless, unprofitable, without effect, without result
Notes: This word describes something or someone that is unable to achieve a desired outcome or produce any results. It implies a lack of effectiveness or success in an endeavor. It is a compound word formed from the negative prefix 'ἀ-' (a-, meaning 'not') and 'πρακτός' (praktos, meaning 'to be done' or 'practicable').
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΝΕΝΕΡΓΗΤΟΣ, ΑΝΩΦΕΛΗΣ
G3778
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: TOO-tone
Translations: of these, of them
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the demonstrative pronoun 'οὗτος' (houtos), meaning 'this' or 'these'. It is used to indicate possession or relationship, often translated as 'of these' or 'of them', referring to things or people previously mentioned or understood from context. It can refer to masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, All genders
Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΩΝ
G0565
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ap-el-THON-tes
Translations: having gone away, departing, going away, after going, when they had gone
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having gone away' or 'after going'. It describes an action that has been completed before the main verb's action. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ἈΠΌ (APO), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb ἘΡΧΟΜΑΙ (ERCHOMAI), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. Thus, it literally means 'to go away from'. It is used to indicate movement away from a place or a person.
Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Plural
Synonyms: ΕΞΕΛΘΟΝΤΕΣ, ΥΠΑΓΟΝΤΕΣ
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: sep-FO-rin
Translations: Sepphoris
Notes: This is the name of an ancient city in the Galilee region of Israel, located about 6 kilometers northwest of Nazareth. It was a significant administrative and commercial center during the Roman period and is known for its rich history and archaeological sites. The word here is an inflection of the city's name.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
G4172
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: POH-lin
Translations: city, a city
Notes: The word 'πόλιν' is the accusative singular form of the noun 'πόλις', meaning 'city'. It refers to a populated place, typically larger than a village, with a defined administrative structure. As an accusative case, it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions, indicating the destination or the object being acted upon. For example, one might 'go into the city' or 'see the city'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The word 'πόλις' comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to a fortified place or citadel. It developed to mean a city-state in ancient Greece, encompassing both the physical settlement and its citizens.
G0876
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-fik-NOO-n-tai
Translations: they arrive, they come, they reach
Notes: This word means 'they arrive' or 'they come to a place'. It is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἀπό (from) and the verb ἱκνέομαι (to come, arrive). It describes the action of a group of people or things reaching a destination or point.
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle, Third Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΝΤΑΙ, ΠΑΡΑΓΙΝΟΝΤΑΙ
Etymology: The word ἀφικνέομαι is a compound of the preposition ἀπό (meaning 'from' or 'away from') and the verb ἱκνέομαι (meaning 'to come' or 'to arrive'). The combination signifies coming from a place to a destination.
G1782
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: en-TEF-then
Translations: from here, hence, thence, from this place, from this time, from that time, from this point
Notes: This word is an adverb indicating origin or sequence. It means 'from this place' or 'from this time/point onward'. It can be used to denote physical departure from a location or a logical progression from a previous statement or event.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΘΕΝ, ΕΝΘΑΔΕ
Etymology: This word is formed from the preposition 'ἐν' (in) and the demonstrative stem 'τεῦθεν', indicating origin or direction from a place.
G0444
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: AN-throh-poy
Translations: people, men, humans
Notes: This word refers to human beings in general, encompassing both men and women. It is the plural form of 'ἈΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ' (anthropos), meaning 'man' or 'human'. It is used to denote a group of individuals belonging to the human race.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΛΑΟΣ, ΒΡΟΤΟΙ
G4514
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: roh-MAH-ee-oos
Translations: Romans
Notes: This word refers to the people of Rome or the Roman Empire. It is used to denote the inhabitants or citizens of Rome, or more broadly, those associated with the Roman state. In the provided context, it is used to indicate the destination or object of an action involving the Romans.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine
G1106
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: GNO-maiss
Translations: opinions, judgments, purposes, counsels, decisions, intentions, thoughts, minds
Notes: This word refers to opinions, judgments, or purposes. It can describe a person's thoughts, intentions, or the decisions they make. It is often used in the plural to refer to a collection of ideas or a group's collective judgment.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΑΙΣ, ΔΟΞΑΙΣ, ΕΝΝΟΙΑΙΣ
G0577
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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)
Sounds like: ah-po-BLEH-pon-tes
Translations: looking away, looking intently, looking steadfastly, looking to, looking unto, looking forward to
Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from ἀπό (apo, 'away from') and βλέπω (blepō, 'to look'). It means to look away from other things in order to fix one's gaze or attention on a particular object or goal. It implies a focused and deliberate act of looking, often with an expectation or purpose.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine, Plural
Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΠΡΟΣΒΛΕΠΩ, ἘΜΒΛΕΠΩ
G1565
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: eh-KAY-noys
Translations: to those, for those, with those, by those, those
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'those' or 'that one' (when singular). In this inflected form, it is plural and in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action or a relationship of benefit or detriment. It can be translated as 'to those,' 'for those,' or 'with those,' depending on the context. It can refer to people or things previously mentioned or understood from the context.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓͂ΤΟΙ, ΑΥ̓ΤΟΙ
G1691
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-MEH
Translations: me
Notes: This word is the accusative singular form of the first-person pronoun, meaning 'me'. It is used as the direct object of a verb or after certain prepositions that take the accusative case, indicating the recipient of an action or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, First Person
G3777
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: OO-teh
Translations: neither, nor, and not
Notes: This word is a conjunction used to connect two or more negative clauses or phrases. It often appears in a correlative construction, meaning 'neither... nor'. For example, 'neither this nor that'. It emphasizes the complete absence or negation of all listed items.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΔΕ
Etymology: From the negative particle οὐ (ou, 'not') and the enclitic conjunction τέ (te, 'and'). It literally means 'and not'.
G1867
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ep-AY-noon
Translations: praised, were praising, approved, were approving
Notes: This word means 'to praise,' 'to commend,' or 'to approve.' It describes the act of expressing admiration or approval for someone or something. It is often used to describe people giving verbal accolades or showing their support for an action or individual.
Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΑἸΝΈΩ, ΕΥ̓ΛΟΓΈΩ, ΔΟΞΆΖΩ
G3777
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: OOT
Translations: neither, nor, not
Notes: This word is a negative conjunction used to introduce a negative clause or to connect two or more negative statements. It often appears in a series, such as 'neither... nor...'. It emphasizes the complete absence or denial of something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΔΕ
Etymology: From the negative particle οὐ (ou) and the enclitic particle τέ (te). It is used to express a strong negation, often in a series.
G987
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eb-blas-fay-MOO-oon
Translations: they blasphemed, they were blaspheming, they reviled, they were reviling
Notes: This word describes the act of speaking impiously or disrespectfully, particularly towards God or sacred things. It can also mean to revile or slander someone. In the provided context, it indicates that a group of people were engaged in such speech, either continuously or at a specific past time.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice
Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΛΟΓΕΩ, ΥΒΡΙΖΩ
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: sep-foh-REE-tohn
Translations: of Sepphoris, Sepphorite
Notes: This word is an adjective referring to something or someone from the city of Sepphoris. It is used to describe things or people associated with that city.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ah-SOH-khin
Translations: Asochin, Asokhin
Notes: This word refers to Asochin, a city or place mentioned in historical texts. It is used as a proper noun, typically referring to a specific geographical location.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The etymology of 'Asochin' is not clearly documented, but it is likely a place name of local origin.
G2597
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: kah-tah-BAN-tes
Translations: having gone down, descending, coming down
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having gone down' or 'descending'. It describes an action that occurred prior to the main verb of the sentence. It is often used to indicate the manner or circumstance of an action, functioning similarly to an adverbial clause in English.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Plural
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΙΣΧΥΩ
G3898
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: pa-rap-lee-SEE-ohs
Translations: similarly, likewise, in like manner, in a similar way
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'similarly' or 'likewise'. It is used to indicate that something is done or happens in a way that is comparable or analogous to something else previously mentioned. For example, one might say 'he acted similarly' to describe an action that mirrors another.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΜΟΙΩΣ, ΩΣΑΥΤΩΣ
Etymology: The word is derived from the adjective ΠΑΡΑΠΛΗΣΙΟΣ (paraplēsios), meaning 'nearly resembling' or 'similar'. It is a compound word formed from ΠΑΡΑ (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and ΠΛΗΣΙΟΣ (plēsios), meaning 'near' or 'neighboring'.
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ee-ah-FEE-noys
Translations: to the Japhenoi, to the Japhenian ones
Notes: This word refers to the 'Japhenoi' or 'Japhenian ones,' likely a designation for a group of people or a place. It is used here in the dative plural, indicating that something is being done 'to' or 'for' them. The exact identity of the 'Japhenoi' is not widely known from common Koine Greek texts, suggesting it might be a specific, perhaps localized, reference.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine
Etymology: The etymology of 'ἸΑΦΗΝΟΣ' is uncertain. It appears to be a proper adjective or noun derived from a place name or a group of people, but its specific origin is not well-documented.
G3765
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: ook-EH-tee
Translations: no longer, no more, not yet, not still
Notes: This is a compound adverb formed from the negative particle 'οὐκ' (not) and the adverb 'ἔτι' (yet, still). It signifies the cessation of a state or action, meaning 'no longer' or 'no more'. It can also mean 'not yet' in certain contexts, indicating that something has not happened up to the present time. It is used to express that something that was true or happening is no longer the case.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΚΕΤΙ, ΟΥ̓Κ, ἜΤΙ
Etymology: The word ΟΥ̓ΚΕΤΙ is a compound of the negative particle ΟΥ̓Κ (not) and the adverb ἜΤΙ (yet, still).
G2722
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: kah-tas-KHON-tes
Translations: holding fast, having held, restraining, possessing, occupying, seizing, holding back, holding down, holding
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'κατέχω' (katechō), meaning 'to hold fast,' 'to possess,' 'to restrain,' or 'to occupy.' As an aorist active participle, it describes an action completed in the past, performed by the subject, and functions adjectivally or adverbially in a sentence. It indicates that the subjects 'having held' or 'having seized' something, or 'having restrained' themselves or others.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΕΧΟΝΤΕΣ, ΚΡΑΤΟΥΝΤΕΣ, ΚΑΤΕΧΟΝΤΕΣ
G2753
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: keh-LEH-oo-sin
Translations: they command, they order, they bid, they urge
Notes: This word means to command, order, or bid someone to do something. It is used to express an instruction or directive given by an authority or a group of people. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'They command the soldiers to advance.'
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Plural
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΤΑΤΤΩ, ΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΤΩ
G3326
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: MEH-tah
Translations: with, after, among, behind, by, in company with, in pursuit of, according to
Notes: This word is a preposition that can also function as an adverb. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it usually means 'after' or 'behind' (indicating sequence or pursuit). It can also denote a change of state or position.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases)
Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΡΟΣ
Etymology: The word 'μετά' (meta) comes from Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is related to English 'mid' and 'middle'.
G3696
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: HOP-lee-tays
Translations: to hoplites, for hoplites, to soldiers, for soldiers, hoplites, soldiers
Notes: This word refers to heavily armed foot soldiers, characteristic of ancient Greek warfare. It is a compound word, derived from 'ὅπλον' (hoplon), meaning 'weapon' or 'armor'. In this form, it is used in the dative plural, indicating the indirect object of an action, such as 'to' or 'for' hoplites.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΣΤΡΑΤΙΩΤΑΙΣ, ΜΑΧΗΤΑΙΣ
Etymology: The word ΟΠΛΙΤΗΣ (hoplites) comes from ὅπλον (hoplon), meaning 'weapon' or 'armor', referring to the heavy armor and shield (hoplon) carried by these soldiers.
G5180
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: TYP-tin
Translations: to strike, to beat, to smite, to hit
Notes: This word means to strike, beat, or smite, often with a forceful impact. It can refer to physical blows, but also to striking a target or a musical instrument. It is used in contexts where an action of hitting or inflicting a blow is described.
Inflection: Present Active Infinitive
Synonyms: ΠΑΤΑΣΣΩ, ΠΛΗΓΩ, ΚΟΠΤΩ
Etymology: The word ΤΥΠΤΩ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *tup-, meaning 'to strike, beat'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that also convey the idea of striking or hitting.
G3586
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: XOO-loys
Translations: (to) wood, (to) a tree, (to) timber, (to) a staff, (to) a club, (to) a cross
Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the noun 'ΞΥΛΟΝ' (xylon). It refers to wood in its various forms, such as a standing tree, cut timber, a piece of wood used as a staff or club, or even a cross. In the dative case, it indicates the indirect object or the means/instrument by which an action is performed, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', 'with', 'by', or 'in'.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΔΕΝΔΡΟΝ, ΔΟΚΟΣ, ΡΑΒΔΟΣ
G2645
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: kah-tah-boh-OHN-tahs
Translations: crying out against, shouting against, accusing
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb καταβοάω (kataboaō), which means 'to cry out against' or 'to shout against'. It is a compound word formed from κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and βοάω (boaō), meaning 'to cry out' or 'to shout'. When used, it describes someone who is vocally opposing, accusing, or denouncing another.
Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Accusative, Present, Active, Participle
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΗΓΟΡΕΩ, ΕΓΚΑΛΕΩ
Etymology: The word καταβοάω (kataboaō) is a compound of κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and βοάω (boaō), meaning 'to cry out' or 'to shout'. The root βοάω is of uncertain origin, possibly onomatopoeic.
G2596
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: KAH-tah
Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along
Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: GAH-bah-rah
Translations: Gabara
Notes: Gabara was an ancient city in Galilee, mentioned by Josephus. It was located near Sepphoris and Tiberias. Its exact location is debated, but it was a significant settlement in the region during the Roman period.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter (likely a plural form of a place name, treated as singular)
Etymology: The origin of the name 'Gabara' is uncertain, but it is likely of Semitic origin, possibly related to a word meaning 'strong' or 'mighty'.
G1096
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: geh-no-MEH-noos
Translations: having become, having come into being, having happened, having been born, having been made, becoming, coming into being, happening, being born, being made
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), which means 'to become,' 'to come into being,' 'to happen,' 'to be born,' or 'to be made.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective while retaining verbal qualities, often indicating an action that has already occurred or is in the process of occurring relative to the main verb. It describes someone or something that has undergone a transformation or a state of being.
Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Accusative, Aorist, Middle Voice
Synonyms: ΕΓΕΝΟΝΤΟ, ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΕΓΕΝΟΜΗΝ
G5221
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: hoo-pan-tee-AH-zei
Translations: meet, go to meet, come to meet
Notes: This verb means to go to meet someone or something, often with the intention of encountering them. It implies an active movement towards a person or object for a meeting or confrontation. It is a compound word formed from the preposition 'ὑπό' (hypo, 'under' or 'towards') and 'ἀντιάζω' (antiazō, 'to meet' or 'to face').
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΝΤΑΩ, ΑΠΑΝΤΑΩ
G5140
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: trees-KHEE-lee-ohn
Translations: of three thousand
Notes: This word means 'three thousand'. It is a compound numeral, combining 'τρίς' (tris), meaning 'thrice' or 'three times', and 'χίλιοι' (chilioi), meaning 'thousand'. It is used to denote a quantity of three thousand units of something, often appearing in the genitive case to indicate possession or a part of a larger group.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders
Etymology: The word ΤΡΙΣΧΙΛΙΟΙ is a compound of τρίς (tris), meaning 'thrice' or 'three times', and χίλιοι (chilioi), meaning 'thousand'. Both components are ancient Greek terms.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter
Sounds like: OH
Translations: the, who, which, O
Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)
Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.
G2491
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ee-oh-AN-nays
Translations: John
Notes: This is a common male proper name of Hebrew origin, meaning 'Yahweh is gracious' or 'God is gracious'. It is used to refer to various individuals named John, such as John the Baptist or the Apostle John. It functions as the subject of a sentence.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Etymology: The name Ἰωάννης (Ioannes) is derived from the Hebrew name Yochanan (יוֹחָנָן), which means 'Yahweh is gracious'. It was a very common name in ancient Israel and continued to be popular in the Hellenistic and Roman periods.
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-GOH
Translations: I, me
Notes: ἘΓΩ is the first-person singular personal pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning "I" or "me." It refers to the speaker and functions primarily as the subject of a sentence. While the first-person singular verb ending often makes the pronoun redundant, ἘΓΩ is frequently used for emphasis, similar to saying "I myself" or "even I" in English. It can also be used to clarify the subject when multiple individuals are involved.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Nominative
Etymology: This word is an ancient pronoun, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has cognates in many Indo-European languages, reflecting a shared linguistic heritage.
G1537
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EK
Translations: out of, from, of
Notes: ἘΚ is a preposition meaning 'out of' or 'from,' indicating origin, source, or separation. It always governs the genitive case, meaning the noun or pronoun following it will be in the genitive form. It can also be used to express the cause or means by which something occurs.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἈΠΌ
Etymology: From a primary preposition, meaning 'out of' or 'from'. It is a fundamental word in Greek, indicating separation or origin.
G1992
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ep-is-toh-LEES
Translations: of a letter, of a message, of an epistle
Notes: This is a noun referring to a letter, message, or epistle. It is used to denote written communication sent from one person or group to another. In the provided examples, it consistently refers to a written document.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΓΡΑΜΜΑ, ΒΙΒΛΙΟΝ
G2235
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: AY-day
Translations: already, now, by this time, forthwith, even now
Notes: This word is an adverb used to indicate that something has happened or is happening at the present moment, or has happened prior to the present moment. It can convey a sense of immediacy or completion. For example, it can mean 'already' when referring to something that has taken place, or 'now' when emphasizing the current time.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΝΥΝ, ΑΥΤΙΚΑ, ΕΥΘΕΩΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁eh₂dʰ- (to be present, to be here). It is related to the demonstrative pronoun 'ho' (this) and the particle 'de' (now, indeed).
G4784
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: soon-AY-koss
Translations: having yielded, having given way, having conceded, having submitted, having agreed
Notes: This word is a perfect active participle, masculine, singular, nominative case, derived from the verb 'συνεικω' (syneikō). It describes someone who has already yielded, given way, or conceded to something. It is a compound word formed from 'συν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and 'εικω' (eikō), meaning 'to yield' or 'to give way'. Therefore, it implies a yielding or giving way in conjunction with another party or circumstance.
Inflection: Perfect, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΥΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ΕΙΚΩ, ΠΑΡΑΧΩΡΕΩ
G3754
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OH-tee
Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which
Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ
Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.
G1231
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: dee-eh-GNO-kah-see
Translations: they have decided, they have determined, they have discerned, they have resolved, they have known thoroughly
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from διά (dia, meaning 'through' or 'thoroughly') and γινώσκω (ginōskō, meaning 'to know'). It means to know thoroughly, to discern, to decide, or to determine. It implies a complete understanding or a firm resolution after careful consideration. It is used to describe an action that has been completed in the past and has ongoing results in the present, indicating a settled state of mind or a firm decision.
Inflection: Perfect Active Indicative, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΚΡΙΝΩ, ΒΟΥΛΕΥΟΜΑΙ, ΑΠΟΦΑΙΝΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: The word διαγινώσκω is a compound of the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and the verb γινώσκω (ginōskō), meaning 'to know' or 'to come to know'. The combination suggests a thorough or complete knowing, leading to discernment or decision.
G1691
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: MEH
Translations: me
Notes: This word is the first-person singular pronoun 'me' in the accusative case. It is used as the direct object of a verb or as the object of certain prepositions, indicating the recipient of an action or the object being affected.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, First Person
Etymology: The word ΜΕ (me) derives from the ancient Greek first-person singular pronoun. Its form has remained largely consistent throughout various stages of the Greek language.
G4170
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: po-le-MEIN
Translations: to make war, to fight, to contend
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to make war' or 'to fight'. It describes the act of engaging in conflict or battle. It can be used in contexts ranging from physical combat to spiritual or ideological struggles.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΜΑΧΕΣΘΑΙ, ΑΓΩΝΙΖΕΣΘΑΙ
G0450
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ah-na-STAS
Translations: having risen, having stood up, rising, standing up, getting up
Notes: This word is a masculine, singular, nominative participle derived from the verb ἀνίστημι (anistēmi), meaning 'to rise' or 'to stand up'. As a participle, it describes an action performed by the subject of the main verb, often indicating an action that has already occurred or is occurring concurrently. It can be translated as 'having risen' or 'standing up', depending on the context.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist Active Participle
Synonyms: ΕΓΕΙΡΩ, ΟΡΘΟΣ
G0575
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: AH-po
Translations: from, away from, out of, off, (of), by, since, after
Notes: ἈΠΟ is a common Koine Greek preposition that primarily indicates separation, origin, or source. It is always used with the genitive case. It can mean 'from' or 'away from' a place or person, indicating movement away. It can also denote the cause or agent ('by'), or a temporal starting point ('since', 'after').
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἘΚ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is cognate with English 'off' and 'of'.
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: KHA-boh-LOHN
Translations: Chabolon, of Chabolon
Notes: This word refers to Chabolon, a place name. It is likely a city or region. In the provided context, it is used with the preposition 'ἀπὸ' (from), indicating movement away from this location.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive
Etymology: The etymology of 'Χαβωλών' is not widely documented in standard Greek lexicons. It is likely a transliteration of a Semitic place name, possibly related to the Hebrew 'Kabul' (כָּבוּל), a city in the territory of Asher mentioned in the Old Testament.
G2641
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: kah-tah-lee-PON
Translations: leaving, forsaking, abandoning, deserting, remaining, being left behind
Notes: ΚΑΤΑΛΙΠΩΝ is the aorist active participle of the verb ΚΑΤΑΛΕΙΠΩ, meaning 'to leave behind, forsake, abandon, or desert'. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (down, against) and the verb ΛΕΙΠΩ (to leave). As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action performed by the subject, often translated as 'having left' or 'by leaving'. It can also imply a state of being left behind or remaining.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Active, Participle
Synonyms: ΑΦΙΗΜΙ, ΕΓΚΑΤΑΛΕΙΠΩ, ΛΕΙΠΩ
G4754
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: strah-to-PEH-doh
Translations: to a camp, to an army, to an encampment, to a military camp, to an army camp
Notes: This word refers to a military camp or an army. It is used to describe the location where soldiers are encamped or the collective body of an army. In the provided context, it indicates a place where Cestius is lodging.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΠΑΡΕΜΒΟΛΗ, ΣΤΡΑΤΕΥΜΑ
G4103
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pis-TO-ta-ton
Translations: most faithful, most trustworthy, most reliable, a most faithful one, a most trustworthy one, a most reliable one
Notes: This word is the superlative form of the adjective 'faithful' or 'trustworthy'. It describes something or someone as being the most loyal, reliable, or dependable among a group. It is used to emphasize the highest degree of trustworthiness or faithfulness.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Superlative
Synonyms: ΑΛΗΘΕΣΤΑΤΟΣ, ΒΕΒΑΙΟΤΑΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΠΙΣΤΟΣ (pistos) comes from the verb ΠΕΙΘΩ (peithō), meaning 'to persuade' or 'to trust'. The superlative form ΠΙΣΤΟΤΑΤΟΣ (pistotatos) indicates the highest degree of this quality.
G5384
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: fee-LON
Translations: of friends, friends
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the noun ΦΙΛΟΣ (philos), meaning 'friend' or 'beloved'. It is used to indicate possession or relationship, often translated as 'of friends' or simply 'friends' when the context implies possession or association. For example, 'the house of friends' or 'among friends'.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΤΑΙΡΟΣ, ΣΥΝΕΡΓΟΣ
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ee-oh-TAH-pah-tah
Translations: Jotapata
Notes: Jotapata was a fortified city in Galilee, a region in ancient Israel. It is historically significant for the siege it endured during the First Jewish-Roman War (66-73 AD), as described by the historian Josephus, who commanded the Jewish forces there. It is always used to refer to this specific location.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Genitive (depending on context, e.g., ἸΩΤΑΠΑΤΑΝ is accusative, ἸΩΤΑΠΑΤΑ is nominative, ἸΩΤΑΠΑΤΑΣ is genitive)
Etymology: The origin of the name 'Jotapata' is not definitively known, but it is a place name of ancient Semitic origin, likely pre-Greek.
G3854
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: par-eh-geh-NOH-meen
Translations: I came, I arrived, I was present, I appeared
Notes: This word is the first person singular, aorist indicative, middle voice of the verb 'παραγίνομαι' (paraginomai). It means 'I came alongside', 'I arrived', or 'I was present'. It is a compound word formed from the preposition 'παρά' (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become' or 'to be'. It describes the action of someone arriving at a place or appearing in a situation.
Inflection: First Person Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Middle Voice
Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΗΚΩ, ΦΘΑΝΩ
G4139
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Noun
Sounds like: PLAY-see-on
Translations: near, nearby, neighbor, a neighbor, one's neighbor
Notes: This word primarily functions as an adverb meaning 'near' or 'nearby', indicating proximity in space or time. It can also be used substantively as a noun, typically in the neuter singular, to refer to 'one's neighbor' or 'the person next to you'. When used as a noun, it often refers to a fellow human being, emphasizing a relationship of proximity or community.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as an adverb); Neuter, Singular (when used substantively as a noun)
Synonyms: ΕΓΓΥΣ, ΠΑΡΑΠΛΗΣΙΟΝ
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EYE-nah-ee
Translations: to be, to exist, to happen, to become
Notes: This is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'to be'. It expresses existence, identity, or a state of being. It can also be used to indicate purpose or result, especially when preceded by the genitive article 'τοῦ' (tou), in which case it can be translated as 'in order to be' or 'for the purpose of being'.
Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active. Does not inflect for person, number, gender, or case.
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΩ
G1014
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: boo-LOH-meh-nos
Translations: wishing, desiring, intending, purposing, wanting
Notes: This word is a present participle derived from the verb 'βούλομαι', meaning 'to wish' or 'to desire'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone who is currently wishing, desiring, or intending to do something. It often indicates the subject's will, purpose, or intention in a given action.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΘΕΛΩΝ, ΕΠΙΘΥΜΩΝ
G3745
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb
Sounds like: OH-son
Translations: as much as, as many as, as great as, how much, how many, how great, as far as, as long as, as soon as, as
Notes: This word is a relative adjective or pronominal adjective, meaning 'as much as' or 'as many as'. It is often used to indicate quantity, extent, or degree. When used as an adverb, it can mean 'as far as', 'as long as', or 'as soon as'. It can introduce a clause that specifies a measure or comparison. For example, 'as much as you want' or 'as many people as there are'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΠΟΣΟΣ, ΗΛΙΚΟΣ
Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun *ho* (the) and the suffix -sos, indicating quantity or measure. It is related to ὅς (hos, 'who, which') and τοσοῦτος (tosoutos, 'so great, so much').
G5062
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: tess-sah-RAH-kon-tah
Translations: forty
Notes: This word is a cardinal numeral meaning 'forty'. It is used to indicate a quantity of forty units of something. It is an indeclinable numeral, meaning its form does not change based on gender, case, or number.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From an ancient Greek word meaning 'four' (τέσσαρες) combined with a suffix indicating a multiple of ten.
G4712
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: sta-DEE-ohn
Translations: of a stadium, of stadia, of a race-course, of a race-track, of a furlong
Notes: This word refers to a stadium, a race-course, or a unit of measurement (a furlong, approximately 600 feet or 185 meters). It is used here in the genitive plural, indicating possession or relationship, often translated with 'of'. For example, it could refer to the length 'of stadia' or 'of furlongs'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter
G1125
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: GRA-foh
Translations: I write, I draw, I record, I inscribe
Notes: This verb means 'to write' or 'to draw'. It is commonly used to describe the act of putting words or symbols onto a surface, such as paper or a tablet. It can also refer to the act of recording information or composing a text.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, First Person Singular
Synonyms: ΕΓΓΡΑΦΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΡΑΦΩ, ΑΝΑΓΡΑΦΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *gerbh- 'to scratch, to carve'. In ancient Greek, it evolved to mean 'to scratch, to draw, to write'.
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TA-deh
Translations: these things, thus, as follows
Notes: ΤΑΔΕ is the neuter plural form of the demonstrative pronoun ὅδε (hode), meaning 'this' or 'these'. It is often used to introduce a statement, a list of items, or direct speech, functioning like 'thus' or 'as follows'. For example, 'thus says the Lord'. It can refer to things that are about to be said or have just been mentioned.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΥΤΟΣ, ΤΟΙΟΥΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word ὅδε (hode) is formed from the demonstrative pronoun ὁ (ho, 'this, that') and the deictic particle -δε (-de), which emphasizes proximity or immediate reference.
G1519, G1487, G1488
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb
Sounds like: E
Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are
Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).
G3843
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: PAN-tohs
Translations: certainly, by all means, altogether, surely, doubtless, absolutely, entirely, at any rate
Notes: This word is an adverb derived from the adjective 'πᾶς' (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'. It is used to emphasize certainty, totality, or necessity. It can be translated as 'certainly,' 'surely,' 'by all means,' or 'altogether,' indicating that something is definitely true or will definitely happen. It can also mean 'at any rate' or 'in any case,' suggesting a minimum level of certainty or action.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΑΣΗ, ΠΑΝΤΗ
G5210
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: hoo-MAS
Translations: you, you all
Notes: This is a second-person plural personal pronoun, meaning 'you' or 'you all'. It is in the accusative case, indicating that it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used in a sentence like 'He saw you all'.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Second Person, All genders
G2064
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: el-THAYN
Translations: to come, to go, to arrive, to appear
Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. It is used to express the action of coming or going in a general sense, often indicating the purpose or result of another action. For example, it can be used in phrases like 'before coming' or 'in order to come'.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΗΚΩ, ΒΑΙΝΩ, ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ
G1014
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: boo-LEH-stheh
Translations: you wish, you desire, you want, you intend, you purpose
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to wish', 'to desire', 'to want', or 'to intend'. It is often used to express a deliberate choice or a strong inclination. It can be used in contexts where someone is making a decision or expressing their will.
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Second Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΘΕΛΩ, ΕΠΙΘΥΜΩ
G1364
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: dee-ah-KO-see-ah-ee
Translations: two hundred
Notes: This word is a numeral meaning 'two hundred'. It is used to quantify a plural noun, indicating a quantity of 200 units or items. For example, it could be used in a phrase like 'two hundred men' or 'two hundred days'.
Inflection: Plural, Feminine, Nominative or Vocative
Etymology: The word διακόσιοι (diakosioi) is a compound of δύο (dyo), meaning 'two', and ἑκατόν (hekaton), meaning 'hundred'.
G5064
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: TES-sah-res
Translations: four
Notes: This word means 'four' and is used to denote the quantity of four items or people. It functions as an adjective, agreeing in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies. This specific form is used for masculine and feminine nouns in the nominative or accusative case.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar words for 'four' in other Indo-European languages.
G1056
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: gah-li-LAI-an
Translations: Galilee
Notes: This word refers to Galilee, a significant region in northern ancient Israel. It is often used to indicate movement towards or into this region, or as the direct object of an action.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EYE-sin
Translations: are
Notes: This word is the third person plural form of the verb 'to be'. It means 'they are' or 'there are'. It is used to describe the state or existence of multiple subjects, similar to how 'are' is used in English. For example, 'The men are here' or 'There are many books'.
Inflection: Third person, Plural, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΟΥΣΙΝ, ΓΙΝΟΝΤΑΙ
G4172
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PO-leess
Translations: cities, a city
Notes: This word refers to a city or a town. It is used to describe a populated area with buildings and infrastructure, often with a distinct political or administrative structure. In the provided context, it refers to multiple cities, specifically 'fortified cities'.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΣΤΥ, ΚΩΜΗ
G2968
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KOH-mai
Translations: villages, towns
Notes: This word refers to a village or a small town, typically an unfortified settlement. It is used to describe a collection of dwellings smaller than a city. In the provided examples, it appears in contexts referring to places where people reside or where events take place, such as 'in villages' or 'and the villages'.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΟΛΙΣ, ΧΩΡΑ
Etymology: The word ΚΩΜΗ (kōmē) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱmey- meaning 'to settle, dwell'. It refers to a rural settlement, distinct from a fortified city.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ANE
Translations: was, he was, she was, it was, I was
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'to be'. It is used to describe a state of being or existence in the past, often indicating a continuous or repeated action or condition. For example, it can mean 'he was' or 'it was'.
Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, 1st or 3rd person singular
G2309
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: theh-LEE-seh-teh
Translations: you will wish, you will want, you will desire, you will intend, you will be willing
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to wish', 'to want', 'to desire', 'to intend', or 'to be willing'. It is used to express a future action or state of wanting or intending something. For example, 'you will want to do this' or 'you will be willing to go'.
Inflection: Future, Indicative, Active, Second Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΟΜΑΙ, ΕΠΙΘΥΜΩ
G3854
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pa-ra-ge-NEE-so-mai
Translations: I will come, I will arrive, I will be present
Notes: This is a compound verb, formed from the preposition παρά (para, meaning 'beside' or 'alongside') and the verb γίνομαι (ginomai, meaning 'to become' or 'to be'). It means to come alongside, to arrive, or to be present. It is used to describe someone or something arriving at a particular place or appearing in a specific context.
Inflection: Future, Middle/Passive, Indicative, 1st Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΗΚΩ, ΦΘΑΝΩ
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: gah-bah-ROHN
Translations: Gabara
Notes: Gabara is a proper noun, referring to an ancient town or village in Galilee. It is mentioned in historical texts, particularly by Josephus, as a location in the region. In the provided context, it appears in a genitive form, indicating 'from Gabara' or 'of Gabara'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The name 'Gabara' is of Aramaic origin, likely meaning 'stronghold' or 'fortress'. It refers to a specific geographical location in ancient Galilee.
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: GISS-khah-LOHN
Translations: Gischala
Notes: Gischala was an ancient fortified city in Upper Galilee, in what is now northern Israel. It was one of the last Jewish strongholds to fall to the Romans during the First Jewish-Roman War. The word is used here to refer to the city itself.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive
Etymology: The name Gischala is derived from the Hebrew word 'Gush Halav' (גוש חלב), meaning 'block of milk' or 'rich soil'.
G3588, G3739, G2228
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection
Sounds like: AY
Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah
Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.
Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)
Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.
G1063
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: gar
Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.
G3968
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PAH-trees
Translations: fatherland, a fatherland, homeland, a homeland, native country, a native country
Notes: This word refers to one's native country or homeland, the land of one's fathers. It is used to describe the place where one was born or where one's ancestors originated. It can be used in sentences like 'He returned to his fatherland' or 'They loved their homeland'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΓΕΝΕΤΗ, ΓΗ
Etymology: From πατήρ (patēr, 'father') + -ις (-is, feminine noun suffix). It literally means 'father's land' or 'land of the fathers'.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ES-tin
Translations: is, a is
Notes: This word is the third person singular present indicative form of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It means 'he is', 'she is', 'it is', or 'there is'. It is used to express existence, identity, or a state of being, often linking a subject to a predicate. It can also imply 'exists' or 'happens'.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
G2491
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ee-oh-AN-noo
Translations: of John
Notes: This is the genitive form of the proper noun 'John'. It is a common name in the Bible, referring to several individuals, most notably John the Baptist and John the Apostle. It is used to indicate possession or origin, such as 'the son of John' or 'the Gospel of John'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Etymology: The name 'John' is derived from the Hebrew name Yochanan (יוחנן), meaning 'Yahweh is gracious' or 'God is gracious'. It was a very common name among Jews in the Second Temple period.
G4844
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Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective
Sounds like: SOOM-ma-khos
Translations: ally, a confederate, a helper, a fellow-combatant, allied, confederate
Notes: This word can function as both a noun and an adjective. As a noun, it refers to an ally, a confederate, or someone who fights alongside another. As an adjective, it describes something or someone as allied or confederate. It is a compound word formed from 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and 'μάχη' (machē), meaning 'battle' or 'fight'. Thus, it literally means 'fighting together'. It is used to describe those who join forces or provide assistance in a conflict or endeavor.
Inflection: Masculine or Feminine, Nominative, Singular
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΕΡΓΟΣ, ΒΟΗΘΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΣΥΜΜΑΧΟΣ is derived from the prefix σύν (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the noun μάχη (machē), meaning 'battle' or 'fight'. It describes someone who joins in battle or struggle with another.
G5384
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Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective
Sounds like: phi-LEE
Translations: friend, a friend, beloved, dear, loving, friendly
Notes: This word can function as a noun meaning 'friend' or 'loved one', or as an adjective meaning 'beloved', 'dear', or 'friendly'. It describes someone who is cherished or has a close relationship with another. As a noun, it refers to a person who is a friend. As an adjective, it describes the quality of being loved or showing affection.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΤΑΙΡΟΣ, ΣΥΝΕΡΓΟΣ
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