2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: Mak-ka-BAH-yos

Translations: Maccabaeus

Notes: This is a proper noun referring to Judas Maccabaeus, a Jewish leader who led the Maccabean Revolt against the Seleucid Empire in the 2nd century BC. He is a significant figure in Jewish history, known for his military prowess and his role in the rededication of the Second Temple, which is commemorated by the festival of Hanukkah. The name 'Maccabaeus' itself is thought to mean 'hammer' or 'extinguisher'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name 'Maccabaeus' is believed to be derived from the Aramaic word 'maqqaba' (מַקָּבָא), meaning 'hammer', or from the Hebrew 'makkabi' (מכבי), meaning 'extinguisher' or 'queller'. It was a surname given to Judas, likely due to his military effectiveness.

G1161

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G2532

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G4862

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: soon

Translations: with, together with, along with

Notes: ΣΥΝ is a preposition that typically takes the dative case, meaning 'with' or 'together with', indicating association, accompaniment, or union. It is also very commonly used as a prefix in compound words, where it conveys the idea of 'togetherness', 'union', 'completion', or 'joint action'. For example, 'συντρίβω' (syntribo) means 'to break together' or 'to crush', and 'συνκαίω' (synkaio) means 'to burn together'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.

Synonyms: ΜΕΤΑ, ΟΜΟΥ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kom, meaning 'with' or 'beside'. It is cognate with Latin 'cum' and English 'co-' or 'con-'.

G0846

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G2962

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KOO-ree-OO

Translations: of Lord, of the Lord, of God, of the Master

Notes: This word refers to a lord, master, or owner. In religious contexts, particularly in the Septuagint and New Testament, it is frequently used to refer to God or Jesus Christ, often as a title of reverence and authority. It can be used in sentences like 'the house of the Lord' or 'the word of the Lord'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΘΕΟΣ, ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ

Etymology: The word ΚΥΡΙΟΣ (kyrios) derives from the root κῦρος (kyros), meaning 'power, authority'. It originally referred to someone who possessed authority or control, such as a master or owner, and later evolved to be used as a title for deities or rulers.

G4254

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: proh-AH-gon-tos

Translations: leading, going before, going on, going forward, going ahead, advancing

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to lead forward' or 'to go before'. It describes someone or something that is leading, going ahead, or advancing. It can be used to indicate a person or thing that precedes another in location, time, or action.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word προάγω (proagō) is a compound word formed from the preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'forward', and the verb ἄγω (agō), meaning 'to lead' or 'to bring'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G3303

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN

Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however

Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.

G2413

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ee-eh-RON

Translations: sacred, holy, consecrated, a sacred place, a temple, temple

Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'sacred,' 'holy,' or 'consecrated.' When used as a noun, it refers to a 'sacred place' or, more specifically, a 'temple.' It describes something set apart for religious purposes or dedicated to a deity.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΓΙΟΣ, ΝΑΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΙΕΡΟΣ (hieros) comes from a pre-Greek substrate word, possibly related to the concept of 'strength' or 'power,' which became associated with divine power and sacredness.

G2865

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-KO-mee-SAN-toh

Translations: they received, they carried, they brought, they obtained

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to carry, to bring, to receive, or to obtain. In this form, it indicates that a group of people (they) performed the action in the past. It can refer to receiving something, carrying something away, or bringing something to oneself.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΦΕΡΩ, ΚΤΑΣΘΑΙ

Etymology: From κομέω (koméō), meaning 'to take care of, to provide for'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G4172

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: POH-lin

Translations: city, a city

Notes: The word 'πόλιν' is the accusative singular form of the noun 'πόλις', meaning 'city'. It refers to a populated place, typically larger than a village, with a defined administrative structure. As an accusative case, it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions, indicating the destination or the object being acted upon. For example, one might 'go into the city' or 'see the city'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The word 'πόλις' comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to a fortified place or citadel. It developed to mean a city-state in ancient Greece, encompassing both the physical settlement and its citizens.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

G0058

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-go-RAH

Translations: marketplace, a marketplace, market, a market, public square, a public square

Notes: This word refers to a public place of assembly, typically an open space in a city or town. It was used for various purposes, including commerce (a market), legal proceedings, and general public gatherings. It is often translated as 'marketplace' or 'public square'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΛΑΤΕΙΑ, ἘΜΠΟΡΙΟΝ

Etymology: The word 'Ἀγορά' (Agora) comes from the Greek verb 'ἀγείρω' (ageirō), meaning 'to gather' or 'to assemble'. It refers to a place where people gather.

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-POH

Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.

G246

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: al-LO-foo-LOHN

Translations: of foreigners, of aliens, of other tribes, of other nations, of strange people

Notes: This word is a compound adjective or noun, meaning 'of another tribe or nation'. It refers to people who are not of the same race, tribe, or nationality as the speaker, often implying a sense of being foreign or alien. It is used to describe things belonging to or associated with such people.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΘΝΩΝ, ΞΕΝΩΝ, ΑΛΛΟΓΕΝΩΝ

Etymology: The word is a compound of two Greek words: ἄλλος (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another', and φυλή (phylē), meaning 'tribe' or 'race'.

G5087

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: TEH-meh-nee

Translations: sacred precincts, sacred enclosures, temples, shrines

Notes: This word refers to a piece of land cut off or set apart, especially for a god or a ruler. It denotes a sacred enclosure, a sanctuary, or a temple precinct. It is often used in the plural to refer to multiple such sacred spaces or shrines.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΙΕΡΟΝ, ΝΑΟΣ, ΒΩΜΟΣ

Etymology: This word comes from the Greek verb τέμνω (temnō), meaning 'to cut' or 'to cut off', referring to a piece of land 'cut off' or set apart for a specific purpose, especially a sacred one.

G2507

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ka-THEH-ee-lan

Translations: they pulled down, they threw down, they tore down, they demolished, they cast down

Notes: This word is the third person plural aorist active indicative form of the verb καθαιρέω (kathairéō), meaning "to pull down" or "to demolish." It is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (katá), meaning "down," and the verb αἱρέω (hairéō), meaning "to take" or "to seize." Therefore, it literally means "to take down" or "to pull down." It is used to describe the act of dismantling, destroying, or overthrowing something, such as altars, buildings, or even authorities.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΤΡΕΠΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΥΩ, ΑΦΑΝΙΖΩ

G2511

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: kah-thah-REE-sahn-tes

Translations: having cleansed, having purified, having purged

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'to cleanse' or 'to purify'. It describes an action that has been completed in the past, and the subject of the participle is the one who performed the cleansing. It can be used to describe someone who has purified themselves or something else.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΓΝΙΣΑΝΤΕΣ, ΕΚΚΑΘΑΡΙΣΑΝΤΕΣ

G2087

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: EH-teh-ron

Translations: another, other, different, a different thing, an other thing

Notes: This word means 'another' or 'other', emphasizing a difference in kind or quality from something else. It is used to refer to something distinct or different from what has been previously mentioned or implied. For example, it might be used to say 'another person' or 'a different kind of thing'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΕΤΕΡΟΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'one of two' or 'the other'. It is related to the English word 'other'.

G2379

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: thoo-see-as-TEE-ree-on

Translations: altar, an altar

Notes: This word refers to an altar, a raised structure or place on which sacrifices or offerings are made to a deity. It is typically used in religious contexts to denote the sacred place where rituals involving offerings take place.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The word "ΘΥΣΙΑΣΤΗΡΙΟΝ" (thysiastērion) is derived from "θυσιάζω" (thysiazō), meaning 'to sacrifice', which in turn comes from "θυσία" (thysia), meaning 'sacrifice' or 'offering'. It literally means 'place of sacrifice'.

G4448

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: py-ROH-san-tes

Translations: having set on fire, having burned, having been inflamed, having been purified by fire

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having set on fire' or 'having burned'. It describes an action completed in the past, often indicating the result of that action. It can also refer to being inflamed with passion or purified by fire. It is used to describe someone who has performed the action of burning or setting something ablaze.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΑΙΩ, ΦΛΕΓΩ, ΕΚΚΑΙΩ

G2983

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: lah-BON-tes

Translations: taking, having taken, receiving, having received, seizing, having seized

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle of the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred or is completed. It often conveys the sense of 'having taken' or 'having received' and can be used to introduce a subordinate clause, indicating the circumstances or cause of the main action. For example, 'having taken the letter, they did not hurry'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ, ΑΙΡΕΩ

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G2368

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: thoo-mee-AH-mah

Translations: incense, an incense, perfume

Notes: This word refers to incense, a fragrant substance, often aromatic gum or resin, that is burned to produce a sweet-smelling smoke. It was commonly used in ancient religious ceremonies as an offering to deities, but could also be used as a general perfume or air freshener. It is a neuter noun.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΛΙΒΑΝΟΣ, ΑΡΩΜΑ

Etymology: The word comes from the verb θυμιάω (thymiaō), meaning 'to burn incense', which is related to θύω (thyō), meaning 'to sacrifice' or 'to offer by burning'.

G4160

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-poy-AY-san-toh

Translations: they made, they did, they performed, they caused, they produced, they created

Notes: This is the aorist middle indicative, third person plural form of the verb ποιέω (poieō), meaning 'to do' or 'to make'. In the middle voice, it often implies that the action is done by the subject for themselves, or that the subject causes something to be done for themselves. It describes a completed action in the past, performed by a group of people.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Indicative Mood, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ

G4160

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: poy-EE-san-tes

Translations: having made, having done, making, doing, performing, creating

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to make' or 'to do'. It describes an action that has been completed by the subject, often preceding or accompanying the action of the main verb in a sentence. It functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb by indicating the action performed.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΞΑΝΤΕΣ, ΕΡΓΑΣΑΜΕΝΟΙ, ΤΕΛΕΣΑΝΤΕΣ

G0515

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eex-ee-OH-san

Translations: they deemed worthy, they thought fit, they requested, they asked, they demanded

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to consider someone or something worthy, to think it appropriate, or to make a request or demand. It is often used to express that a group of people considered something to be deserved or fitting, or that they made a formal petition.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΙΤΕΩ, ΔΕΟΜΑΙ, ΕΡΩΤΑΩ

Etymology: The word ἀξιόω (axioō) comes from the Greek word ἄξιος (axios), meaning 'worthy' or 'deserving'.

G4098

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-SON-tes

Translations: falling, having fallen, fallen

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to fall'. It describes an action of falling that has already occurred or is currently occurring, often indicating a state resulting from that action. It can be used to describe people or things that have fallen, either literally (e.g., falling to the ground) or figuratively (e.g., falling into sin or ruin).

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Plural, Aorist Active Participle

Synonyms: ΠΙΠΤΟΝΤΕΣ, ΚΑΤΑΠΙΠΤΟΝΤΕΣ

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to

Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.

G3895

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pa-ra-pe-SEEN

Translations: to fall away, to fall, to stumble, to err, to transgress

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from 'παρά' (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and 'πίπτω' (piptō), meaning 'to fall'. It generally means to fall away from a previous state, position, or standard. It can refer to a physical fall, but more often it signifies a moral or spiritual falling away, a deviation from the right path, or a transgression. It is used to describe someone who stumbles, errs, or commits a sin.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΜΑΡΤΑΝΩ, ΠΛΑΝΑΩ, ΠΤΩΜΑ

G2556

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ka-KOYS

Translations: (to) evils, (to) bad things, (to) bad people, (for) evils, (for) bad things, (for) bad people

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the adjective 'ΚΑΚΟΣ' (kakos), meaning 'bad', 'evil', 'harmful', or 'wicked'. In this dative plural form, it indicates the recipient or beneficiary of an action, or the means by which something is done, often translated as 'to' or 'for'. It can refer to 'bad things' or 'evil people' when used substantively.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΟΝΗΡΟΙΣ, ΦΑΥΛΟΙΣ

G0243

Part of Speech: Prefix

Sounds like: ALL

Translations: other, another, different, foreign

Notes: This is a prefix form of the word 'ἄλλος' (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to form compound words that convey the idea of something being different, foreign, or belonging to another group. For example, 'ἀλλογενῶν' means 'of other races', 'ἀλλότριοι' means 'strangers' or 'foreigners', and 'ἀλλόφυλους' means 'foreigners' or 'of another tribe'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix)

Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.

G1437

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: eh-AHN

Translations: if, when, whenever, although

Notes: ἘΑΝ is a conditional conjunction used to introduce a protasis (the 'if' clause) in a conditional sentence. It typically takes the subjunctive mood, indicating a condition that is possible, probable, or hypothetical. It can be translated as 'if', 'when', or 'whenever', depending on the nuance of the condition, and sometimes 'although' in concessive clauses.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΙ, ὍΤΑΝ

Etymology: ἘΑΝ is a contraction of the conditional particle εἰ (ei, 'if') and the modal particle ἄν (an), which adds a sense of contingency or possibility to the condition.

G4218

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: PO-teh

Translations: at some time, ever, once, formerly, when, at any time, sometime

Notes: This word is an adverb that indicates a point in time, often indefinite. It can mean 'at some time' or 'ever,' referring to an unspecified past or future moment. It can also mean 'once' or 'formerly' when referring to a past event. In interrogative contexts, it means 'when?'. It is used to ask about or state the timing of an action or event.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΟΤΕΡΟΝ, ΠΟΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From the interrogative stem *po- (related to 'who,' 'what') combined with the temporal suffix -te. It refers to an indefinite point in time.

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: HOOP

Translations: under, by, with, from, at, through, in, of

Notes: This word is a common Greek preposition and prefix. As a preposition, it typically means 'under' or 'below', but its meaning can vary significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the accusative case, it can indicate motion towards a place ('under', 'to'). As a prefix, it means 'under', 'below', 'less than', or 'secretly', as seen in compound words like 'υποκάτω' (underneath). The form 'ΥΠ' is a common truncation of 'ΥΠΟ' when it acts as a prefix, especially before a vowel, or as part of a compound word.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or prefix)

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑ, ΕΠΙ

G1932

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: eh-pee-I-kee-as

Translations: of gentleness, of fairness, of equity, of forbearance, of clemency, of reasonableness

Notes: This word refers to the quality of being gentle, fair, equitable, or forbearing. It describes a disposition that is reasonable and mild, often in contrast to strict justice or rigid adherence to rules. It can be used to describe a person's character or an action that demonstrates such qualities.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΟΤΗΣ, ΕΥΓΝΩΜΟΣΥΝΗ

Etymology: From the adjective ἐπιεικής (epieikēs), meaning 'fitting, reasonable, fair', which is derived from ἐπί (epi, 'upon') and εἰκός (eikos, 'fitting, reasonable').

G3361

Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G0915

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: bar-BAH-roys

Translations: barbarians, to barbarians, for barbarians, to the barbarians, for the barbarians, foreign, to foreigners, for foreigners

Notes: This word refers to people who are not Greek, particularly those who do not speak Greek. It can be used as an adjective meaning 'foreign' or as a noun meaning 'foreigner' or 'barbarian'. In ancient Greek culture, it often carried a connotation of being uncivilized or uncultured, as their language sounded like 'bar-bar' to Greek ears. This specific form is a plural dative, indicating 'to' or 'for' these foreign people.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΘΝΕΣΙΝ, ΑΛΛΟΓΕΝΕΣΙΝ

G3860

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pa-ra-di-DOS-thai

Translations: to be handed over, to be delivered, to be betrayed, to be committed, to be entrusted

Notes: This word is the present passive infinitive form of the verb 'ΠΑΡΑΔΙΔΩΜΙ'. It means 'to be handed over' or 'to be delivered', often in the sense of being given up to someone or something, or being betrayed. It can also mean 'to be committed' or 'to be entrusted' with something. It is a compound word formed from 'παρά' (para, 'beside, with') and 'δίδωμι' (didomi, 'to give').

Inflection: Present, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΟΜΑΙ, ΕΓΧΕΙΡΙΖΟΜΑΙ

G1722

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G3588, G3739, G2228

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G4845

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-eh-BEH

Translations: it happened, it came to pass, it occurred, it befell

Notes: This is an impersonal verb form meaning 'it happened' or 'it occurred'. It describes an event or circumstance that took place, often used to introduce a consequence or a development in a narrative. It is typically used in the third person singular.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΑΠΟΒΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: The word συμβαίνω (symbainō) is a compound word formed from the preposition σύν (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb βαίνω (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to step'. Thus, it literally means 'to go together' or 'to come together', which evolved into the meaning 'to happen' or 'to occur'.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ge-NEH-sthai

Translations: to become, to be, to happen, to come to pass, to arise, to be made, to be born

Notes: This word is the aorist middle infinitive form of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai). It signifies the action of coming into being, happening, or being made. It can also mean to be born or to arise. As an infinitive, it often functions like 'to become' or 'to happen' in English, frequently used after verbs that express desire, ability, or necessity.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΠΟΙΕΩ

G3485

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: NAH-oo

Translations: of a temple, of the temple, to a temple, to the temple, temples

Notes: This word refers to a temple or a sanctuary, specifically the inner part of a temple where the deity was worshipped. It can also refer to the entire sacred edifice. In the provided examples, it appears in the genitive singular (of the temple) and the nominative/accusative plural (temples).

Inflection: Singular, Genitive or Dative; or Plural, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative; Masculine

Synonyms: ΙΕΡΟΝ, ΝΕΩΣ

Etymology: The word ΝΑΟΣ (naos) is of uncertain origin, possibly from a root meaning 'to dwell' or 'to inhabit'. It refers to a dwelling place, particularly of a god.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, after, among, behind, by, in company with, in pursuit of, according to

Notes: This word is a preposition that can also function as an adverb. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it usually means 'after' or 'behind' (indicating sequence or pursuit). It can also denote a change of state or position.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases)

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'μετά' (meta) comes from Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is related to English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G2167

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: yoo-fro-SOO-nays

Translations: of joy, of gladness, of merriment, of cheerfulness

Notes: This word refers to a state of joy, gladness, or merriment. It describes a feeling of cheerfulness and delight. It is often used to express the positive emotional state of a person or a group.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΧΑΡΑ, ΑΓΑΛΛΙΑΣΙΣ

Etymology: From ΕΥ̓ΦΡΩΝ (euphrōn, 'cheerful, joyful'), which is from ΕΥ̓ (eu, 'well') and ΦΡΗΝ (phrēn, 'mind, heart'). It literally means 'well-minded' or 'well-hearted'.

G5613

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G4253

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PRO

Translations: before, in front of, for, on behalf of, in the presence of, prior to, instead of

Notes: This word is a preposition that typically takes the genitive case. It can indicate a spatial relationship, meaning 'before' or 'in front of' something or someone. It can also denote a temporal relationship, meaning 'before' in time, or a causal relationship, meaning 'for' or 'on behalf of' someone or something. In some contexts, it can also mean 'instead of' or 'in the presence of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΜΠΡΟΣΘΕΝ, ΑΝΤΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'before, in front of'. It is cognate with English 'for' and Latin 'pro'.

G3398

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: mee-KROO

Translations: (of) small, (of) little, (of) short, (of) young, (of) unimportant, (of) the small one, (of) the little one, (of) the least

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the adjective 'ΜΙΚΡΟΣ' (mikros), meaning 'small' or 'little'. It can describe something as being of small size, quantity, or importance. When used substantively, it refers to 'the small one' or 'the least'. It is often used in phrases contrasting with 'great' or 'large', such as 'from great to small' (ἀπὸ μεγάλου ἕως μικροῦ), meaning 'from the greatest to the least' or 'from everyone, regardless of status'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΛΙΓΟΣ, ΒΡΑΧΥΣ, ΕΛΑΧΙΣΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΜΙΚΡΟΣ (mikros) is of uncertain origin, possibly from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'small'. It is related to the Latin 'minor' and 'minimus'.

G5550

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHRO-noo

Translations: (of) time, time

Notes: This word refers to time, a period, or a season. It is a masculine noun and is used to denote a duration or a specific point in time. In this genitive form, it often indicates possession or a relationship of origin, such as 'of time' or 'belonging to time'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΑΙΡΟΣ, ΑΙΩΝ

Etymology: The word ΧΡΟΝΟΣ (chronos) is of uncertain origin, but it is an ancient Greek word that has been in use since Homeric times. It refers to sequential, measurable time.

G3735

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: O-RE-sin

Translations: to mountains, on mountains, in mountains, with mountains, like mountains, mountains, hills

Notes: This word refers to mountains or hills. It is the dative plural form of the noun 'ὄρος' (oros), meaning 'mountain' or 'hill'. As a dative case, it can indicate location (on/in/at mountains), instrument (with mountains), or comparison (like mountains), depending on the context.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΒΟΥΝΟΙ, ΟΡΗ

Etymology: The word ὄρος (oros) comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words for 'rise' or 'height'.

G3552

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: NEH-moh-meh-noy

Translations: feeding, pasturing, grazing, dwelling, inhabiting, distributing, apportioning

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'nemō'. It describes an action of feeding, pasturing, or grazing, often referring to animals. It can also imply dwelling or inhabiting a place, or metaphorically, distributing or apportioning something. It functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb to describe someone or something that is performing the action of feeding or dwelling.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine, Present, Middle/Passive

Synonyms: ΒΟΣΚΟΝΤΕΣ, ΟΙΚΟΥΝΤΕΣ, ΔΙΑΝΕΜΟΝΤΕΣ

Etymology: The verb 'nemō' (νέμω) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to distribute, allot, take'. It originally referred to the distribution of land or resources, and later extended to the pasturing of animals, as land was allotted for grazing.

G1352

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: DEE-oh

Translations: therefore, wherefore, for this reason, on account of which

Notes: This is a compound conjunction formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'on account of', and the relative pronoun ὅ (ho), meaning 'which'. It is used to introduce a consequence or conclusion, indicating that what follows is a result of what has just been stated. It functions similarly to 'therefore' or 'for this reason' in English.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΑ ΤΟΥΤΟ, ΟΥΝ, ΑΡΑ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'on account of', and the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅ (ho), meaning 'which'.

G2370

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: THYR-soos

Translations: thyrsi, staves, wands

Notes: This word refers to a thrysus, which is a staff or wand, often associated with the Greek god Dionysus and his followers. It was typically adorned with ivy leaves and vines, sometimes with a pinecone on top. In a sentence, it would be used as the direct object of a verb, indicating something that is taken, held, or seen.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΡΑΒΔΟΣ, ΣΚΗΠΤΡΟΝ

Etymology: The word "thyrsos" is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek or from an Anatolian language. It refers to a specific type of staff used in ancient Greek religious rites.

G5403

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: foy-NEE-kas

Translations: palm tree, a palm tree, date palm, a date palm, palm branch, a palm branch

Notes: This word refers to a palm tree, specifically a date palm, or a branch from such a tree. It is often used in contexts related to victory, triumph, or celebration, as palm branches were used to welcome victors or important figures. It can also refer to the fruit of the palm tree, dates.

Inflection: Masculine, Accusative Plural

Etymology: From an uncertain root, possibly related to the color 'purple-red' (φοῖνιξ), perhaps because of the reddish-brown color of dates or the purple dye associated with Phoenicia.

G2192

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: EKH-on-tes

Translations: having, holding, possessing, those who have, while having

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It describes someone or something that is in the act of having, holding, or possessing something. It functions like an adjective or adverb, providing additional information about the subject of a sentence, often translated as 'having' or 'those who have'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΕΚΤΗΜΕΝΟΙ, ΚΑΤΕΧΟΝΤΕΣ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΟΝΤΕΣ

G2137

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: yoo-o-DOH-san-tee

Translations: to prosper, to make prosperous, to succeed, to have a prosperous journey, to be prospered, to be successful, (to) the one who prospered, (to) the one who made prosperous, (to) the one who succeeded

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'euodoo', meaning 'to prosper' or 'to make prosperous'. It describes someone or something that has brought about prosperity or success. In this inflected form, it refers to 'the one who prospered' or 'the one who made prosperous', often implying divine favor or assistance in achieving a good outcome. It is used to indicate the recipient of an action, specifically the one to whom prosperity or success is attributed.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Masculine, Singular, Dative

Synonyms: ΕΥ̓ΤΥΧΈΩ, ΚΑΤΕΥΟΔΌΩ

G2511

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-thah-REE-sai

Translations: to cleanse, to purify, to make clean, to purge

Notes: This verb means to make something clean or pure, either physically or ceremonially. It can refer to cleansing from dirt, disease, or sin. It is often used in a religious context to describe purification rituals or spiritual cleansing. As an infinitive, it functions like 'to cleanse' or 'to purify' in English, indicating the purpose or result of an action.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΓΝΙΖΩ, ΕΚΚΑΘΑΙΡΩ, ΚΑΘΑΙΡΩ

Etymology: The word καθαρίζω (katharizō) comes from the adjective καθαρός (katharos), meaning 'clean' or 'pure'.

G1438

Part of Speech: Reflexive Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-ah-TOO

Translations: (of) himself, (of) herself, (of) itself, (of) themselves

Notes: This word is a reflexive pronoun, meaning it refers back to the subject of the sentence. It indicates that the action of the verb is directed back to the one performing it. For example, 'he washed himself'. It is a compound word formed from the personal pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos) and the reflexive pronoun 'ἑαυτοῦ' (heautou).

Inflection: Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter. It can also be used for Feminine or Plural contexts, though the specific form 'ΕΑΥΤΟΥ' is genitive singular masculine/neuter.

Etymology: From the combination of the personal pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos, 'self') and the reflexive pronoun 'ἑαυτοῦ' (heautou, 'of self').

G1379

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-dog-ma-TEE-san

Translations: they decreed, they ordained, they enacted, they made a decree

Notes: This verb describes the act of establishing or issuing a decree, ordinance, or dogma. It implies a formal decision or declaration made by an authority or a group, often with the force of law or established practice. It is used to indicate that a group of people made a formal decision or issued a command.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΤΩ, ΨΗΦΙΖΩ, ΟΡΙΖΩ

Etymology: The word ΔΟΓΜΑΤΙΖΩ is derived from the noun ΔΟΓΜΑ (DOGMA), meaning 'that which seems good, an opinion, a decree'. ΔΟΓΜΑ itself comes from the verb ΔΟΚΕΩ (DOKEŌ), meaning 'to seem, to think, to be of opinion'.

G5037

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle

Sounds like: TEH

Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.

G5599

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: psay-FEES-mah-tos

Translations: of a decree, of a statute, of an ordinance, of a resolution, of a vote

Notes: This word refers to a decree, statute, or ordinance, often one that has been decided by a vote or resolution. It is used to describe an official decision or pronouncement made by an authority or assembly. In a sentence, it would typically follow a preposition or be used in a possessive sense, indicating something belonging to or related to a decree.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΔΟΓΜΑ, ΠΡΟΣΤΑΓΜΑ

G1484

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ETH-nay

Translations: (to) nation, (to) people, (to) Gentiles, (to) a nation, (to) a people

Notes: This word refers to a nation, a people group, or a race. In the New Testament, it often refers specifically to the Gentiles, meaning non-Jewish people. It is used here in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΛΑΟΣ, ΓΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἔθνος (ethnos) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'custom, habit'. It refers to a group of people living together, sharing common customs or characteristics, and thus forming a nation or people.

G2596

Part of Speech: Prefix, Preposition

Sounds like: KAT

Translations: down, against, according to, throughout, during

Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down', 'against', 'according to', 'throughout', or 'during'. It is frequently used as a prefix in compound verbs and nouns, indicating a downward motion, completion, intensity, or opposition. For example, in 'κατέβη' (katebē), it means 'went down', and in 'καταπιεῖν' (katapiein), it means 'to swallow down'. The final alpha (α) is often dropped when the next word or part of the compound begins with a vowel, or when it's followed by certain consonants.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix); functions as a preposition that takes the genitive or accusative case.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmt- 'down, with, against'. It is a common Greek preposition that has been used since ancient times.

G0071

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-GEIN

Translations: to lead, to bring, to carry, to go, to observe, to celebrate

Notes: This verb has a broad range of meanings, primarily related to movement. It can mean to lead or bring someone or something, to carry, or simply to go. In a more abstract sense, it can also refer to observing or celebrating a festival or a period of time. Its usage depends heavily on the context of the sentence.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΦΕΡΩ, ΕΛΚΩ, ΑΠΑΓΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to drive, pull, move'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G0491

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: an-TEE-o-khoo

Translations: of Antiochus

Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to Antiochus, a common name among Hellenistic kings and other notable figures, particularly in the Seleucid Empire. It is used to indicate possession or origin, similar to saying 'of Antiochus' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: From Ancient Greek Ἀντίοχος (Antíokhos), meaning 'resisting' or 'steadfast'. It is a compound name derived from ἀντί (antí, 'against, in front of') and ἔχω (ékhō, 'to have, to hold').

G4377

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pros-ag-or-yoo-THEN-tos

Translations: of having been called, of having been named, of having been addressed, of having been proclaimed

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb "prosagoreuō," meaning "to call by name," "to address," or "to proclaim." As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. In this form, it indicates someone or something that has been called, named, or proclaimed.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΕΩ, ΟΝΟΜΑΖΩ

G2016

Part of Speech: Adjective, Proper Noun

Sounds like: eh-pee-fah-NOOS

Translations: manifest, illustrious, notable, distinguished, glorious, Epiphanes, of Epiphanes

Notes: This word describes something or someone that is manifest, illustrious, or distinguished. It can refer to a visible or apparent quality, or to a person of high standing or renown. It is also famously used as a surname or epithet, particularly for Antiochus IV Epiphanes, meaning 'God Manifest' or 'Illustrious'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΝΔΟΞΟΣ, ΠΕΡΙΦΑΝΗΣ, ΦΑΝΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἐπιφαίνω (epiphainō, “to show forth, appear”), from ἐπί (epi, “upon, to”) + φαίνω (phainō, “to shine, appear”).

G5056

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: teh-lew-TEES

Translations: of death, of an end, of a completion

Notes: This word refers to the act of dying, the end of life, or the completion of something. It is often used in contexts related to mortality or the conclusion of an event or process. In a sentence, it would typically function as a possessive or descriptive modifier, indicating something belonging to or related to death or an end.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΘΑΝΑΤΟΥ, ΠΕΡΑΣ

Etymology: The word τελευτή (teleutē) comes from the verb τελευτάω (teleutaō), meaning 'to finish, complete, die'. It is related to τέλος (telos), meaning 'end, goal, completion'.

G5227

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: HOO-pa-ton

Translations: highest, supreme, chief, consul, a consul

Notes: This word describes something or someone as being in the highest position or rank. As an adjective, it means 'highest' or 'supreme'. When used as a noun, it refers to a 'consul', which was the highest elected office of the Roman Republic. It can be used to describe a person's status or the quality of something being preeminent.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Accusative or Neuter, Nominative/Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΠΡΩΤΟΣ, ΜΕΓΙΣΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ὕπατος (hypatos) comes from the Greek preposition ὑπό (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'below', combined with a superlative suffix, indicating a position of being 'under' or 'at the bottom' in a spatial sense, but evolving to mean 'highest' or 'supreme' in a hierarchical or temporal sense, possibly related to being 'under' the highest authority or 'at the head' of affairs.

G0491

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: an-TEE-o-khon

Translations: Antiochus

Notes: Antiochus is a common Greek proper name, frequently used for kings of the Seleucid Empire and other historical figures. In this form, it is the direct object of a verb or preposition, indicating the person 'Antiochus' is receiving the action.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Ancient Greek 'Ἀντίοχος' (Antíochos), meaning 'resisting' or 'steadfast'. It is a compound of 'ἀντί' (antí, 'against, in return for') and 'ἔχω' (ékhō, 'to have, to hold').

G0765

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ah-seh-BOOS

Translations: of the ungodly, of the impious, of the wicked, of an ungodly person, of an impious person, of a wicked person

Notes: This word describes someone who is ungodly, impious, or wicked, lacking reverence for God or divine law. It is used to characterize individuals or groups who act contrary to religious or moral principles. As a noun, it refers to an ungodly or impious person. It is a compound word formed from the negative prefix 'ἀ-' (a-, meaning 'not' or 'without') and 'σέβας' (sebas, meaning 'reverence' or 'worship').

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ἈΝΟΜΟΣ, ἈΔΙΚΟΣ, ἈΣΕΛΓΗΣ

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: geh-NO-meh-non

Translations: having become, having happened, having been, having been born, that which has come into being, a thing that has happened

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ginomai', meaning 'to become' or 'to happen'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred. It can function as an adjective, describing a noun, or as a noun itself, referring to 'that which has come into being' or 'a thing that has happened'. It implies a state of being or an event that has taken place.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Singular, Neuter

Synonyms: ΓΕΓΟΝΟΣ, ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ

G1213

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: day-LOH-soh-men

Translations: we will make clear, we will show, we will declare, we will reveal

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to make clear,' 'to show,' 'to declare,' or 'to reveal.' It is used to express an action that will be performed by a group (we) in the future, indicating that they will make something known or evident.

Inflection: Future, Active, Indicative, First Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΦΑΝΕΡΩΣΟΜΕΝ, ΑΠΟΚΑΛΥΨΟΜΕΝ

Etymology: The word ΔΗΛΟΩ comes from the adjective ΔΗΛΟΣ (delos), meaning 'visible' or 'clear.' It signifies the act of making something visible or clear.

G4932

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: soon-TEM-non-tes

Translations: cutting short, shortening, bringing to an end, finishing, accomplishing

Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb ΣΥΝΤΕΜΝΩ, meaning 'to cut short' or 'to shorten'. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ΣΥΝ (SYN), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΤΕΜΝΩ (TEMNO), meaning 'to cut'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that is ongoing or simultaneous with the main verb. It can be used to describe someone or something that is in the process of cutting short, finishing, or accomplishing something.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Plural, Masculine or Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΚΟΛΟΒΟΩ, ΣΥΝΤΕΛΕΩ, ΠΕΡΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: The verb ΣΥΝΤΕΜΝΩ is formed from the prefix ΣΥΝ- (SYN-), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΤΕΜΝΩ (TEMNO), meaning 'to cut'. The combination implies cutting something together or completely, leading to the sense of cutting short or bringing to an end.

G4912

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: soon-EH-khon-tah

Translations: holding together, constraining, afflicting, pressing upon, being seized by, being distressed, being held, being confined

Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb 'συνέχω' (synechō). It describes an ongoing action of holding together, constraining, or afflicting. It can be used to describe something that is pressing upon or seizing someone or something, often in a negative sense like distress or affliction. It can also refer to being held or confined.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Neuter, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΧΟΝΤΑ, ΚΡΑΤΟΥΝΤΑ, ΘΛΙΒΟΝΤΑ

G2556

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: KAH-kah

Translations: evil things, bad things, evils, misfortunes, troubles, a bad thing, an evil thing

Notes: This word is an inflection of the adjective ΚΑΚΟΣ (kakos), meaning 'bad' or 'evil'. As 'ΚΑΚΑ', it typically functions as a neuter plural noun or adjective, referring to 'evil things', 'bad things', 'misfortunes', or 'troubles'. It describes things that are morally wrong, harmful, or unpleasant. For example, it can be used to speak of calamities or wicked deeds.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΠΟΝΗΡΑ, ΦΑΥΛΑ, ΒΛΑΒΕΡΑ

G3778

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: OO-tos

Translations: this, that, he, she, it, these, those, this one, that one

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something or someone that is near, or has just been mentioned. It can function as a substantive (e.g., 'he', 'she', 'it', 'this one') or as an adjective modifying a noun (e.g., 'this man', 'these things'). It often refers to something immediately present or recently discussed in the discourse.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΔΕ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be an ancient demonstrative pronoun in Greek, possibly related to other Indo-European demonstratives.

G1063

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G3880

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: pa-ra-la-BOHN

Translations: having received, having taken, having taken along, having taken aside, having taken over, having taken possession of

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'παραλαμβάνω' (paralambanō), meaning 'to receive' or 'to take alongside'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is ongoing, often functioning like an adjective or adverb in a sentence. It can imply taking something into one's possession, taking someone with oneself, or taking over a responsibility or role. The specific nuance depends on the context.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative Masculine Singular

Synonyms: ΛΑΒΩΝ, ΔΕΞΑΜΕΝΟΣ, ΚΟΜΙΣΑΜΕΝΟΣ

G0322

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-neh-DEIK-sen

Translations: appointed, showed, declared, revealed, designated, displayed

Notes: This word is the aorist active indicative third person singular form of the verb ἀναδείκνυμι. It means to appoint, designate, show, declare, or reveal. It is often used in contexts where someone is formally chosen or revealed for a position or task, or when something is made clear or displayed.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΔΕΊΚΝΥΜΙ, ΚΑΘΊΣΤΗΜΙ, ΠΡΟΧΕΙΡΊΖΩ

G5100

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE-nah

Translations: who, what, which, some, any, a certain one, something, anything

Notes: ΤΙΝΑ is an inflected form of the pronoun/adjective ΤΙΣ. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', 'anything', 'a certain one', or 'some'. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it is used in a question or a statement. It can function as both a pronoun standing alone or an adjective modifying a noun.

Inflection: Accusative Singular Masculine or Feminine, or Nominative/Accusative Plural Neuter

G5403

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: foy-NEE-kays

Translations: of Phoenicia

Notes: This is a proper noun referring to Phoenicia, an ancient civilization situated on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. It is used to denote the region or its people, often in a geographical or administrative context, as seen in phrases like 'the province of Phoenicia'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The word Φοινίκη (Phoinikē) is derived from the Greek word φοῖνιξ (phoinix), which can refer to the date palm tree or the color purple-red. The region was known for its purple dye production and its date palms.

G4410

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: pro-TAR-khon

Translations: first ruler, chief ruler, first in command, chief, a first ruler, a chief ruler

Notes: This word is a compound adjective meaning 'first ruler' or 'chief ruler'. It describes someone who holds the primary or highest position of authority or command. It is used to denote a leader who is preeminent or foundational in their role.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative, Neuter; or Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΠΡΩΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word is a compound of two Greek words: πρῶτος (prōtos), meaning 'first', and ἀρχός (archos), meaning 'ruler' or 'chief'.

G2564

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ka-LOO-meh-nos

Translations: called, being called, named, who is called, who is named

Notes: This word is a present passive participle of the verb 'καλέω' (kaleō), meaning 'to call' or 'to name'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, describing someone or something that is being called or named. It can be translated as 'the one who is called' or simply 'called' or 'named'. It often introduces a descriptive phrase about a person or thing.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΟΝΟΜΑΖΟΜΕΝΟΣ, ΠΡΟΣΑΓΟΡΕΥΟΜΕΝΟΣ

G3117

Part of Speech: Adjective, Proper Noun

Sounds like: mah-KRON

Translations: long, far, distant, (of) long things, (of) distant places, Macron

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'long' or 'far'. It can be used to describe physical length, duration, or distance. In the genitive plural form, as 'ΜΑΚΡΩΝ', it often means 'from afar' or 'from a long distance' when used with a preposition like 'ἐκ' (from). It can also function as a proper noun, referring to a person named Macron.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter; Proper Noun

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΕΥΡΥΣ

Etymology: The word ΜΑΚΡΟΣ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'long' or 'large'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages with similar meanings.

G4933

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-tee-REIN

Translations: to preserve, to keep, to maintain, to guard, to keep safe

Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning "to preserve" or "to keep safe." It implies holding something together or keeping it intact, often with care or vigilance. It can be used in contexts of maintaining a state, guarding a person or thing, or preserving a relationship or agreement.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΤΗΡΕΩ, ΦΥΛΑΣΣΩ, ΔΙΑΤΗΡΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΣΥΝΤΗΡΕΩ is a compound of the preposition ΣΥΝ (syn), meaning "with" or "together," and the verb ΤΗΡΕΩ (tereo), meaning "to keep" or "to guard." Thus, it literally means "to keep together" or "to guard carefully."

G4254

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: proh-ay-goo-MEH-nos

Translations: leading the way, going before, preceding, foremost, chief, pre-eminent, a leader, a chief

Notes: This word is a present participle, often used adjectivally or substantively. It describes someone or something that goes before, leads the way, or is pre-eminent in position or importance. It can refer to a person who is a leader or chief, or to something that is primary or takes precedence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Present, Middle/Passive Participle

Synonyms: ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΠΡΩΤΟΣ, ΑΡΧΩΝ

G4314

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: dee-AH

Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: geh-GON-oo-ee-ahn

Translations: having become, having happened, having come into being, having been, a thing that has happened, a thing that has come into being

Notes: This word is a perfect active participle, meaning 'having become' or 'having happened'. It describes something that has already come into existence or taken place. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb, and often implies a state resulting from a past action. In the provided examples, it refers to an 'atrocity that had occurred' or 'cruelty that had happened'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine, Perfect Active Participle

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΗΝ, ΟΥΣΑΝ, ΥΠΑΡΧΟΥΣΑΝ

G0093

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-dee-KEE-an

Translations: injustice, unrighteousness, wrong, a wrong, (to) injustice, (to) unrighteousness, (to) wrong

Notes: This word refers to the concept of injustice, unrighteousness, or a specific wrong act. It describes a state or action that is contrary to what is right or just, often implying a violation of law or moral principle. It can be used to describe both the abstract concept of injustice and concrete acts of wrongdoing.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΝΟΜΙΑ, ΑΣΕΒΕΙΑ, ΠΟΝΗΡΙΑ

Etymology: From the Greek word ἄδικος (adikos, "unjust"), which is formed from ἀ- (a-, "not") and δίκη (dikē, "justice"). Thus, it literally means "not justice" or "lack of justice."

G3985

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-PEI-rah-toh

Translations: he was trying, he was attempting, he was testing, he tried, he attempted, he tested

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to try', 'to attempt', or 'to test'. It describes an action of making an effort to do something or to ascertain the nature or quality of something or someone. It can be used in contexts where someone is making an earnest effort or putting something to the test.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Imperfect Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΔΟΚΙΜΑΖΩ, ΠΕΙΡΑΩ

Etymology: The word ΠΕΙΡΑΖΩ (peirazō) comes from the noun ΠΕΙΡΑ (peira), meaning 'a trial' or 'an attempt'.

G3606

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: O-THEN

Translations: from where, whence, wherefore, therefore, for which reason

Notes: This word is an adverb that can indicate either origin or consequence. It is used to ask or state 'from where' something comes or originates. It can also be used to mean 'therefore' or 'for which reason', indicating a logical conclusion or cause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟ, ΔΙΑ ΤΟΥΤΟ, ΟΠΟΥ

Etymology: From the demonstrative stem *ho- (meaning 'this' or 'that') combined with the suffix -θεν, which indicates origin or source. It is related to other adverbs of place and origin in Greek.

G2723

Part of Speech: Participle, Noun

Sounds like: kah-tay-go-ROO-meh-nos

Translations: accused, one accused, a defendant, the defendant

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'κατηγορέω' (to accuse). It refers to someone who is being accused or charged with a crime or wrongdoing. It functions as a noun, specifically denoting the person who is the subject of an accusation, often translated as 'the accused' or 'the defendant' in a legal context.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative, Present, Passive

Synonyms: ΕΓΚΑΛΟΥΜΕΝΟΣ, ΔΙΚΑΖΟΜΕΝΟΣ

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: yoo-PAH-to-rah

Translations: Eupator

Notes: This is the name 'Eupator', a Greek male given name meaning 'of a good father' or 'having a good father'. It was a common epithet or name used by several Hellenistic kings, particularly of the Seleucid and Pontic dynasties. In the provided context, it refers to Antiochus V Eupator, a Seleucid king.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: The name 'Eupator' is a compound of the Greek words 'εὖ' (eu), meaning 'good' or 'well', and 'πατήρ' (patēr), meaning 'father'. Thus, it means 'of a good father' or 'having a good father'.

G4273

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: proh-DOH-tays

Translations: traitor, betrayer, a traitor, a betrayer

Notes: This word refers to a person who betrays someone or something, such as a country, a cause, or a trust. It is used to describe someone who acts disloyally or treacherously. It is a compound word formed from 'πρό' (pro), meaning 'before' or 'forth', and 'δίδωμι' (didomi), meaning 'to give', implying one who 'gives forth' or 'hands over' someone or something to an enemy.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΔΟΤΗΣ, ΠΑΡΑΔΟΤΗΣ

Etymology: From the Greek verb προδίδωμι (prodidomi), meaning 'to betray' or 'to give up'. It is formed from the prefix πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'forth', and δίδωμι (didomi), meaning 'to give'.

G3844

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: pa-RAH

Translations: beside, by, near, from, with, at, along, beyond, against, through, in the presence of, alongside, a

Notes: This word functions primarily as a preposition, indicating proximity, origin, or comparison. It can mean 'beside,' 'from,' 'with,' 'at,' or 'alongside,' depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used as a prefix in compound words, it often conveys ideas of proximity, deviation, or intensity, such as 'alongside,' 'beyond,' 'contrary to,' or 'through.'

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΣΥΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *per- (meaning 'forward, through'). It is cognate with English 'for' and 'through'.

G1538

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: EK-as-tah

Translations: each, every, each one, every one, each thing, every thing

Notes: This word is a distributive adjective or pronoun meaning 'each' or 'every'. It is used to refer to individual items or persons within a group, emphasizing their distinctness. For example, it can mean 'each person' or 'each thing'. When used with a preposition like 'παρά' (pará), as seen in the examples, 'παρ' ἕκαστα' (par' hekasta) means 'in every respect' or 'continually' or 'on every occasion'.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter

Etymology: The word ἕκαστος (hekastos) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the root *se- meaning 'one' or 'apart'. It is an ancient Greek word used to denote individuality within a collective.

G0191

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-KOO-ohn

Translations: hearing, listening, obeying, understanding, one who hears, a hearer

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'hearing' or 'listening'. It describes an ongoing action of perceiving sound. It can function as an adjective, modifying a noun, or as a substantive, referring to 'one who hears' or 'a hearer'. It can also be used adverbially to describe the manner of an action.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΕΧΩΝ, ἘΝΩΤΙΖΟΜΕΝΟΣ, ὙΠΑΚΟΥΩΝ

G1700

Part of Speech: Participle, Verb

Sounds like: em-pis-TEV-then-tah

Translations: entrusted, committed, having been entrusted, the one entrusted

Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle derived from the verb 'ἐμπιστεύω', meaning 'to entrust' or 'to commit to someone's trust'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone or something that has been entrusted or committed. In this form, it refers to 'the one who has been entrusted' or 'that which has been committed'.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Accusative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΠΙΣΤΕΥΩ, ἈΝΑΤΙΘΗΜΙ

Etymology: The word ἐμπιστεύω is a compound of the preposition ἐν (en), meaning 'in' or 'on', and the verb πιστεύω (pisteuō), meaning 'to trust' or 'to believe'. It signifies placing trust or belief into something or someone.

G5361

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: fee-loh-MAY-toh-ross

Translations: of a mother-lover, of one who loves his mother, of a mother-loving person

Notes: This is a compound adjective formed from 'φίλος' (philos), meaning 'loving' or 'friend', and 'μήτηρ' (mētēr), meaning 'mother'. It describes someone who loves their mother or is devoted to their mother. In this form, it is genitive, indicating possession or origin, often translated as 'of a mother-lover' or 'belonging to a mother-lover'. It can be used to describe a person or a characteristic related to someone who loves their mother.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine

Etymology: The word ΦΙΛΟΜΗΤΩΡ is a compound of φίλος (philos), meaning 'dear, beloved, loving', and μήτηρ (mētēr), meaning 'mother'. It literally means 'mother-loving'.

G2016

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: eh-pee-fah-NEE

Translations: manifest, notable, illustrious, glorious, a glorious one

Notes: This word describes something or someone that is conspicuous, prominent, or clearly visible. It can also refer to something or someone of high standing, distinguished, or glorious. It is used to describe a person or an event that is striking or remarkable.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΝΔΟΞΟΣ, ΠΕΡΙΦΑΝΗΣ, ΦΑΝΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἐπιφανής (epiphanēs) comes from the verb ἐπιφαίνω (epiphainō), meaning 'to appear, to shine upon', which is itself formed from the preposition ἐπί (epi, 'upon, to') and the verb φαίνω (phainō, 'to shine, to appear').

G0325

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-nah-khoh-RAY-sai

Translations: to withdraw, to depart, to go away, to retire, to return

Notes: This word describes the action of moving away from a place or person, often implying a retreat, departure, or retirement. As an aorist infinitive, it functions as a verbal noun, expressing the action of withdrawing or departing without specifying a subject or tense, often dependent on another verb.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ἘΚΧΩΡΕΩ, ἈΝΑΛΥΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀναχωρέω (anachōréō), a compound of ἀνά (aná, 'up, back') and χωρέω (khōréō, 'to go, to make room').

G2104

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: yoo-geh-NAY

Translations: noble, well-born, high-minded, generous, a noble (person)

Notes: This word is an adjective used to describe someone who is of noble birth, or more broadly, someone who possesses noble qualities such as generosity, integrity, or high-mindedness. It can be used to describe a person's character or their social standing.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Feminine; or Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ἈΓΑΘΟΣ, ΚΑΛΟΣ, ΓΕΝΝΑΙΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΕΥ̓ΓΕΝΗΣ (eugenēs) is a compound word derived from the Greek prefix ΕΥ̓- (eu-), meaning 'good' or 'well', and the noun ΓΕΝΟΣ (genos), meaning 'race, stock, or birth'. Thus, it literally means 'well-born' or 'of good stock'.

G1849

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ex-oo-SEE-an

Translations: authority, power, right, a right, jurisdiction, a jurisdiction, liberty, a liberty

Notes: This word refers to the right or power to do something, often implying delegated authority or freedom to act. It can describe official power, the ability to act, or even the freedom to choose.

Inflection: Singular, Feminine, Accusative

Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΜΙΣ, ΚΡΑΤΟΣ, ΙΣΧΥΣ

Etymology: From the Greek verb ἔξεστι (exesti), meaning 'it is lawful' or 'it is permitted'. It denotes the state of being free to act, hence authority or power.

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: yoo-GEN-nai-sas

Translations: having nobly begotten, having nobly produced, having nobly brought forth

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb meaning 'to be nobly born' or 'to act nobly'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective while retaining verbal characteristics, indicating an action completed in the past. It describes someone who has nobly begotten, produced, or brought forth something or someone. It would be used to modify a noun or pronoun, indicating that the subject performed the action of noble begetting or production.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

G5331

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: far-ma-KEV-sas

Translations: having practiced sorcery, having used drugs, having poisoned, having administered medicine

Notes: This word is the aorist active participle of the verb ΦΑΡΜΑΚΕΥΩ. It describes someone who has engaged in the act of preparing or administering drugs, medicines, or poisons. In ancient contexts, it often carried the connotation of sorcery, witchcraft, or the use of magical potions, as the line between medicine, poison, and magic was often blurred. It can also simply mean to administer medicine or to poison someone.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist Active Participle

Synonyms: ΓΟΗΤΕΥΣΑΣ, ΜΑΓΕΥΣΑΣ

G1131

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: GOR-gee-as

Translations: Gorgias

Notes: Gorgias was a Syrian general who served under Antiochus IV Epiphanes and later Antiochus V Eupator during the Maccabean Revolt. He is mentioned in the books of 1 and 2 Maccabees. The word refers specifically to this historical individual.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Genitive (as seen in examples), Masculine. Proper nouns inflect for case.

Etymology: The name Gorgias is of Greek origin, likely derived from a word meaning 'grim' or 'terrible'. It was a common personal name in ancient Greece.

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: geh-NO-meh-nos

Translations: having become, being, happened, arisen, a having become, a being

Notes: This word is an aorist middle participle of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become', 'to happen', or 'to come into being'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred or is completed in relation to the main verb of the sentence. It can be translated as 'having become', 'being', or 'when he/it became'. It often indicates a state or condition resulting from a past action.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΕΓΕΝΗΘΗ

G4755

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: strah-TAY-goss

Translations: commander, general, governor, a commander, a general, a governor

Notes: This word refers to a military commander, a general, or a governor. It is a compound word derived from 'στρατός' (army) and 'ἄγω' (to lead), literally meaning 'leader of an army'. It can be used to describe someone in charge of military forces or a civil administrator with significant authority, often in a military context.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΙΣΤΡΑΤΗΓΟΣ, ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΔΟΥΞ

Etymology: From 'στρατός' (army) and 'ἄγω' (to lead). It refers to one who leads an army or a military force.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eks-eh-no-tro-FEH-ee

Translations: he entertained strangers, he lodged strangers, he hosted foreigners

Notes: This verb describes the act of entertaining, lodging, or providing hospitality to strangers or foreigners. It is a compound word formed from 'ἐκ' (out of, from), 'ξένος' (stranger, guest), and 'τροφέω' (to nourish, to feed, to bring up). Therefore, it literally means 'to nourish or bring up strangers,' which translates to providing them with lodging and care. It would typically be used in a sentence to describe someone's actions of offering hospitality.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΞΕΝΟΔΟΧΕΩ, ΦΙΛΟΞΕΝΕΩ

Etymology: This word is a compound verb derived from the preposition 'ἐκ' (out of, from), the noun 'ξένος' (stranger, guest), and the verb 'τροφέω' (to nourish, to feed, to bring up). The combination signifies the act of providing sustenance and care to those who are not from one's own household or land.

G2398

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: EE-dee-oos

Translations: own, one's own, their own, his own, private, peculiar

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'one's own' or 'private'. It is often used substantively, meaning 'one's own people' or 'one's own possessions/things'. It emphasizes a personal connection or belonging.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΥ̓ΤΟΥ, ἘΑΥ̓ΤΟΥ

Etymology: The word ἴδιος (idios) comes from Proto-Indo-European *swe- (reflexive pronoun), meaning 'self'. It developed to signify something belonging to oneself or peculiar to an individual.

G2489

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-doo-MAI-oy

Translations: Idumaeans, Edomites

Notes: This word refers to the Idumaeans, a people group descended from Esau (also known as Edom). They inhabited the region of Idumaea, which was south of Judea. In ancient texts, they are often mentioned in historical and geographical contexts, particularly in relation to the Israelites.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine

Etymology: The word "ἸΔΟΥΜΑΙΟΙ" is derived from the Hebrew name "Edom" (אֱדוֹם), referring to Esau and his descendants, and the land they inhabited. The Greek form reflects this Semitic origin.

G1468

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: eng-KRA-tays

Translations: self-controlled, temperate, continent, master of, in control of, self-controlled ones, temperate ones

Notes: This word describes someone who has mastery over themselves, particularly over their desires, passions, or appetites. It can also mean being in control or master of something external. It is a compound word formed from the preposition 'ἐν' (in) and the noun 'κράτος' (strength, power, dominion), literally meaning 'in power' or 'having power over'.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΩΦΡΩΝ, ΕΥΚΡΑΤΗΣ

G1128

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eg-yoom-NAH-zon

Translations: they were exercising, they were training, they were practicing, they were disciplining

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to exercise', 'to train', or 'to discipline'. It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past. It can be used to refer to physical training, mental discipline, or moral instruction.

Inflection: Imperfect Active Indicative, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΑΣΚΕΩ, ΠΑΙΔΕΥΩ

Etymology: From γυμνός (gymnos), meaning 'naked'. The verb originally referred to exercising naked, as was common in ancient Greek athletic training.

G5344

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: foo-gah-DEH-oo-sahn-tahs

Translations: those who had banished, having banished, banished ones

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'φυγαδεύω', meaning 'to banish' or 'to exile'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action performed by the subject. In this form, it refers to 'those who had banished' or 'having banished' someone or something, indicating a completed action in the past.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Accusative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΚΒΑΛΛΩ, ΕΚΠΕΜΠΩ

G4355

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pros-lah-bo-MEH-noy

Translations: having taken to oneself, having received, having taken along, having taken, having assumed, having welcomed

Notes: This word is an aorist middle participle of the verb 'προσλαμβάνω' (proslambanō), which means 'to take to oneself,' 'to receive,' 'to take along,' or 'to welcome.' As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred and often functions adverbially, indicating the circumstances or cause of the main verb's action. It is a compound word formed from 'πρός' (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards,' and 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive.'

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: po-le-mo-tro-FEIN

Translations: to feed a war, to nourish a war, to sustain a war, to keep a war going

Notes: This is a compound verb meaning to feed or nourish a war, implying the act of sustaining or prolonging a conflict. It describes the action of providing the necessary resources or conditions for a war to continue. It would be used in sentences to describe actions that contribute to the ongoing nature of hostilities.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Etymology: This word is a compound of two Greek words: πόλεμος (POLEMOS), meaning 'war', and τρέφω (TREPHO), meaning 'to nourish, feed, or rear'. Thus, it literally means 'to nourish war'.

G2021

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-peh-khei-ROO-oon

Translations: were attempting, were undertaking, were trying, to attempt, to undertake, to try

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to attempt' or 'to undertake'. It describes the act of beginning or making an effort to do something. It is a compound word formed from 'ἐπί' (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'to', and 'χειρέω' (cheireō), derived from 'χείρ' (cheir), meaning 'hand'. Thus, it literally means 'to put one's hand to something'. In the provided form, it indicates an ongoing or repeated action in the past.

Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΕΙΡΑΩ, ΕΠΙΒΑΛΛΩ

G4012

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

G4160

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: poy-ee-SAH-meh-noy

Translations: having made, having done, having produced, having performed, having created

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ποιέω' (poieō), meaning 'to make' or 'to do'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective while retaining verbal characteristics, indicating an action that has been completed by the subject. It is often translated as 'having made' or 'having done', describing a past action that precedes or enables the main verb's action in a sentence.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΞΑΝΤΕΣ, ΕΡΓΑΣΑΜΕΝΟΙ, ΔΗΜΙΟΥΡΓΗΣΑΝΤΕΣ

G3046

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: lee-tah-NEE-an

Translations: supplication, a supplication, prayer, an entreaty

Notes: This word refers to a solemn and earnest prayer or entreaty, often made publicly or as part of a procession. It signifies a humble appeal to a deity or a powerful figure for help or mercy.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΕΗΣΙΣ, ΠΡΟΣΕΥΧΗ, ΙΚΕΤΗΡΙΑ

Etymology: The word "λιτανία" (litania) comes from the verb "λιτανεύω" (litaneuō), meaning "to pray" or "to supplicate," which itself is derived from "λιτή" (litē), meaning "prayer" or "supplication."

G0001

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ax-ee-OH-san-tes

Translations: having deemed worthy, having thought worthy, having demanded, having requested, having asked, having claimed, having considered worthy

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having deemed worthy' or 'having thought worthy'. It describes an action completed in the past by the subject, indicating that they considered something or someone to be deserving of a particular status, treatment, or action. It can also mean to demand or request something, implying that the subject feels entitled to it or that it is fitting. It is often used in contexts where someone makes a claim or a request based on a sense of worthiness or appropriateness.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΑἸΤΈΩ, ΔΈΟΜΑΙ, ἘΡΩΤΆΩ

G4849

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: sym-MAKH-on

Translations: ally, a helper, a fellow fighter, a confederate, a supporter

Notes: This word describes someone who fights alongside another, an ally, or a helper. It can be used as an adjective to describe something that is allied or helpful, or as a noun to refer to an ally or a confederate. It is a compound word formed from 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and 'μάχομαι' (machomai), meaning 'to fight'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΒΟΗΘΟΣ, ΣΥΝΕΡΓΟΣ

G0846

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOYS

Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her

Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

G3795

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: okh-y-ROH-mah-tah

Translations: stronghold, strongholds, fortress, fortresses, a stronghold, a fortress

Notes: This word refers to a fortified place or a strong defense, literally or figuratively. It can describe a physical fortress or a metaphorical stronghold, such as an argument, a belief system, or anything that offers strong resistance or protection. In a figurative sense, it can represent obstacles or arguments that stand against truth or progress.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΦΡΟΥΡΙΟΝ, ΠΥΡΓΟΣ, ΤΕΙΧΟΣ

G3739

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: OYS

Translations: to whom, to which, to what

Notes: This word is a relative pronoun, meaning 'to whom', 'to which', or 'to what'. It is used to introduce a relative clause, connecting it to a noun or pronoun in the main clause. It indicates the indirect object of the verb in the relative clause, showing to whom or to what an action is directed. It can refer to people or things and is used for all genders.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders

Synonyms: ΤΙΣ, ὉΠΟΙΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun and is a common form for relative pronouns across Indo-European languages.

G4316

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: pros-BAL-lon-tes

Translations: having attacked, having assailed, having thrown against, having fallen upon, having encountered

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle of the verb 'προσβάλλω' (prosbállō), which is a compound word formed from 'πρός' (pros, meaning 'to' or 'towards') and 'βάλλω' (ballō, meaning 'to throw'). It describes an action of throwing or striking towards something or someone, often implying an attack, assault, or encounter. It can also mean to apply oneself to something or to fall upon something. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing the subject's action, often translated as 'having attacked' or 'when they attacked'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΤΙΘΕΜΑΙ, ΕΦΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ, ΕΠΙΧΕΙΡΕΩ

G1468

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: eng-KRA-tays

Translations: self-controlled, temperate, continent, master of, in control of

Notes: This word describes someone who is self-controlled, temperate, or continent, meaning they have mastery over their desires, passions, or actions. It can also mean 'in control of' or 'master of' something, often followed by a genitive case to indicate what is being controlled or mastered. It is used to describe a person who exercises discipline over themselves or a situation.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΩΦΡΩΝ, ΕΓΚΡΑΤΗΣ

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-GEH-non-toh

Translations: they became, they were, they came to be, they happened, they arose

Notes: This word is a past tense form of the verb 'to become' or 'to be'. It describes an action that occurred in the past, indicating a change of state, an event happening, or the coming into existence of something. It is often used to describe what happened or what came about.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle Voice, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΓΕΝΝΑΩ

Etymology: The word ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to come into being' or 'to be born'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey similar concepts of becoming or originating.

G3164

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: mah-KHO-meh-noos

Translations: fighting, contending, warring, struggling

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to fight'. It describes individuals who are actively engaged in a conflict or struggle. It can refer to physical combat, but also to verbal disputes or spiritual struggles, depending on the context. It is used to describe those who are in the act of fighting or contending.

Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Accusative, Present, Middle/Passive Participle

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΕΜΟΥΝΤΑΣ, ΑΓΩΝΙΖΟΜΕΝΟΥΣ

Etymology: The word ΜΑΧΟΜΑΙ comes from an ancient root, possibly related to a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to be able, to be strong'. It has been used in Greek since ancient times to describe various forms of combat and struggle.

G2695

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-teh-SFAH-zon

Translations: they were slaughtering, they were slaying, they were butchering

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata, meaning 'down' or 'completely') and the verb σφάζω (sphazo, meaning 'to slaughter' or 'to slay'). It describes the action of slaughtering or slaying, often with an emphasis on the completeness or intensity of the act. It is used to indicate a continuous or repeated action in the past.

Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΣΦΑΖΩ, ΑΠΟΚΤΕΙΝΩ, ΦΟΝΕΥΩ

G1706

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: en-PIP-ton-tas

Translations: those falling into, those falling upon, those encountering, those attacking

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'falling into' or 'falling upon'. It is often used to describe people who encounter something, or who fall into a particular situation, or who attack. It is a compound word formed from the preposition 'ἐν' (in, into) and the verb 'πίπτω' (to fall). In the provided context, it refers to 'those who were falling upon' or 'those who were encountering' (the soldiers).

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΠΙΠΤΩ, ΕΠΙΠΙΠΤΩ

G337

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-NEH-ee-lon

Translations: they took up, they took away, they destroyed, they killed, they put to death

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from ἀνά (ana, 'up' or 'again') and αἱρέω (haireō, 'to take' or 'to choose'). In its aorist form, it commonly means 'to take up,' 'to take away,' 'to destroy,' or 'to kill.' It is used to describe an action of removing something or someone, often with a sense of finality or violence, such as putting someone to death.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΚΤΕΙΝΩ, ΦΟΝΕΥΩ, ἈΝΕΛΟΝ

Etymology: The word ἀναιρέω is a compound of the preposition ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'again,' and the verb αἱρέω (haireō), meaning 'to take' or 'to seize.' Its etymology reflects the action of taking something up or away.

G2276

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: HET-ton

Translations: less, worse, inferior, a less (thing)

Notes: This word functions as both an adverb and an adjective, meaning 'less' or 'worse'. As an adverb, it modifies verbs or other adverbs, indicating a lesser degree. As an adjective, it describes nouns, meaning 'inferior' or 'lesser'. It is the comparative form of 'bad' or 'little'.

Inflection: Comparative, Does not inflect for gender or case when used adverbially. When used adjectivally, it can inflect for gender, number, and case (e.g., ΗΤΤΟΝΑ in the example is Accusative Singular).

Synonyms: ΕΛΑΣΣΩΝ, ΧΕΙΡΩΝ

Etymology: The word ἧττον (hētton) is the neuter singular form of the comparative adjective ἥσσων (hēssōn), meaning 'less, worse, weaker'. It is often used adverbially. Its ultimate origin is uncertain but is related to the concept of being 'less' or 'inferior'.

G4860

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: soon-FYOO-gon-ton

Translations: fleeing with, having fled with, those who fled with

Notes: This word is a compound participle formed from 'σύν' (together with) and 'φεύγω' (to flee). It describes an action of fleeing or escaping in company with others. It is used to indicate people who have fled together or are in the process of fleeing together.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΕΚΦΕΥΓΩ, ΣΥΝΔΙΑΦΕΥΓΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ΣΥΝ (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΦΕΥΓΩ (pheugō), meaning 'to flee' or 'to escape'.

G3756

Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΉ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.

G1642

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: eh-LAHT-ton

Translations: less, smaller, fewer, a less thing, a smaller thing

Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the comparative adjective 'ἐλάττων', meaning 'less', 'smaller', or 'fewer'. It is used to indicate a lesser quantity, size, or number when comparing two things. It can function substantively, meaning 'a less thing' or 'that which is less'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΜΙΚΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ, ΟΛΙΓΩΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'ἐλάττων' is the comparative form of 'ἐλαχύς' (small, little), which is related to 'ὀλίγος' (few, little). It comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'small' or 'little'.

G1766, G5505

Part of Speech: Numeral, Adjective

Sounds like: en-NAH-kis-KHEE-lee-ohn

Translations: nine thousand, of nine thousand

Notes: This word is a compound numeral, meaning 'nine thousand'. It is used to describe a quantity of nine thousand units of something. As an adjective, it would modify a noun, indicating that there are nine thousand of that noun. In this specific form, it is genitive, indicating possession or relation.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

Etymology: This word is a compound of two Greek words: ἐννάκις (ennakis), meaning 'nine times', and χίλιοι (chilioi), meaning 'thousand'. It literally translates to 'nine times a thousand'.

G1519

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G3735

Part of Speech: Verb, Adjective

Sounds like: okh-y-ROO-s

Translations: to fortify, to make strong, to strengthen, strong, fortified, secure

Notes: This word can function as a verb meaning 'to fortify' or 'to make strong,' or as an adjective meaning 'strong' or 'fortified.' As a verb, it describes the act of building defenses or strengthening something. As an adjective, it describes something that is already strong, secure, or well-fortified, such as a city, a wall, or a position. The context of the sentence determines whether it is used as a verb or an adjective.

Inflection: Present Active Indicative, 3rd Person Plural (verb); Masculine or Feminine, Accusative Plural (adjective)

Synonyms: ΚΡΑΤΑΙΟΣ, ΑΣΦΑΛΗΣ

G3170

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: MAH-lah

Translations: very, much, exceedingly, greatly, indeed

Notes: This word is an adverb used to intensify the meaning of an adjective, adverb, or verb. It means 'very,' 'much,' or 'exceedingly.' It is often found in combination with other adverbs, such as 'εὖ' (eu), to form phrases like 'εὖ μάλα' meaning 'very well' or 'exceedingly well.' It emphasizes the degree or extent of something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΦΟΔΡΑ, ΛΙΑΝ, ΠΟΛΥ

Etymology: The word μάλα is of uncertain origin, possibly related to an ancient root meaning 'great' or 'much.'

G2192

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: EKH-on-tas

Translations: having, holding, possessing, those having, the ones holding

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. As a participle, it functions both as a verb, indicating an action, and as an adjective, modifying a noun. In this form, it describes individuals or things that are in the process of having or holding something.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΕΚΤΗΜΕΝΟΥΣ, ΚΑΤΕΧΟΝΤΑΣ

Etymology: The verb ἔχω (echō) comes from Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ-, meaning 'to hold, to have'. It is a fundamental verb in Greek, with cognates in other Indo-European languages.

G1893

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: eh-PEY-gon-tas

Translations: urgent, pressing, hastening, those who are urgent, those who are pressing, those who are hastening

Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'ἐπείγω' (epeigō), meaning 'to hasten' or 'to urge'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone or something that is urgent, pressing, or in the act of hastening. It can refer to things that are of immediate importance or people who are acting with speed or urgency.

Inflection: Accusative, Masculine, Plural, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΣΠΕΥΔΟΝΤΑΣ, ΤΑΧΥΝΟΝΤΑΣ

Etymology: The word 'ἐπείγω' (epeigō) is thought to be derived from the prefix 'ἐπί' (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'to', and a root related to 'αἴγλη' (aiglē), meaning 'radiance' or 'gleam', suggesting a sense of quick movement or urgency.

G0620

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-po-LEI-pon

Translations: leaving, abandoning, remaining, being left behind

Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb 'ἀπολείπω' (apoleipō). It describes an action that is ongoing or continuous. It means 'leaving behind,' 'abandoning,' or 'remaining.' It can be used to describe someone who is in the process of departing from a place or person, or something that is left over or remaining after an event.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΛΕΙΠΩ, ΥΠΟΛΕΙΠΩ

G0846

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOS

Translations: he, she, it, they, him, her, it, them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, same, very

Notes: ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is a versatile word in Koine Greek. As a third-person pronoun, it translates to 'he, she, it' or 'they' in the nominative case, and 'him, her, it' or 'them' in other cases. When used intensively, often in the nominative or immediately following the noun, it means 'himself, herself, itself, themselves' or 'even, very'. When used as an adjective with the definite article (e.g., 'ὁ αὐτὸς'), it means 'the same'. Its meaning depends on its grammatical function and position in the sentence.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΣ, ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a pronominal stem *au- or *aw-.

G5563

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ek-hoh-REES-thay

Translations: was separated, was divided, separated, divided

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to separate' or 'to divide'. The form provided, 'ἘΧΩΡΙΣΘΗ', is in the aorist passive voice, indicating an action that was completed in the past and was done to the subject, rather than by the subject. It describes something that 'was separated' or 'was divided'.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΙΡΕΩ, ΔΙΑΣΤΕΛΛΩ

Etymology: The word ΧΩΡΙΖΩ comes from the Greek word χωρίον (chōrion), meaning 'place' or 'region', which itself is derived from χῶρος (chōros), meaning 'space' or 'land'. The verb thus means to 'make space' or 'put apart'.

G5365

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: fee-lar-goo-ree-SAN-tes

Translations: having been greedy for money, having loved money, having been avaricious

Notes: This word is a compound participle describing individuals who have previously or are currently characterized by a strong love for money or an excessive desire for wealth. It indicates a past action with ongoing relevance or a state resulting from a past action. It is formed from 'φίλος' (philos, loving) and 'ἄργυρος' (argyros, silver/money).

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΛΕΟΝΕΚΤΕΣ, ΑΙΣΧΡΟΚΕΡΔΕΣ

G3982

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-pee-STHAY-san

Translations: they were persuaded, they were convinced, they obeyed, they trusted

Notes: This word describes an action where a group of people were persuaded, convinced, or brought to a state of belief or obedience. It implies that they yielded to an argument, evidence, or authority, resulting in a change of mind or action. It is often used in contexts where someone is convinced to do something or to believe something.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΠΙΣΤΕΥΩ, ΥΠΑΚΟΥΩ

G0694

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ar-GYOO-ree-oh

Translations: (to) silver, (with) silver, (by) silver, (for) silver, (to) money, (with) money, (by) money, (for) money, a silver, a money

Notes: This word refers to silver, either as the metal itself or, more commonly, as currency or money made of silver. It is used to indicate the means by which something is done or the recipient of an action, often translated with prepositions like 'with', 'by', 'to', or 'for'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΡΓΥΡΟΣ, ΚΕΡΜΑ

Etymology: The word ἈΡΓΥΡΙΟΝ (argyrios) is derived from the adjective ἀργύρεος (argyrios), meaning 'of silver', which in turn comes from ἄργυρος (argyros), meaning 'silver'.

G3461

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: moo-ree-AS

Translations: myriad, a myriad, ten thousand, ten thousands, countless numbers

Notes: This word refers to a very large, indefinite number, often specifically ten thousand. It can be used to describe a vast quantity of something, such as people, animals, or things. It is a feminine noun.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΧΙΛΙΑΣ, ΠΛΗΘΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΜΥΡΙΑΣ (myrias) comes from the Greek word μύριος (myrios), meaning 'countless' or 'ten thousand'. It is related to the concept of an innumerable quantity.

G1439

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-AH-san

Translations: they permitted, they allowed, they let, they suffered

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to permit,' 'to allow,' or 'to let go.' It describes an action where a group of people gave permission or did not prevent something from happening. For example, 'they allowed him to go' or 'they permitted the action.'

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΤΡΕΠΩ, ΣΥΓΧΩΡΕΩ

Etymology: The word ἐάω (eaō) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the root *se- meaning 'to send, throw.'

G5100

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE-nas

Translations: who, what, some, any, some people, any people, some things, any things

Notes: ΤΙΝΑΣ is an inflected form of the pronoun/adjective ΤΙΣ. It serves as both an interrogative (asking 'who?' or 'what?') and an indefinite (meaning 'someone,' 'something,' 'some,' or 'any'). In this form, it is the masculine or feminine, plural, accusative case. It can be used to ask about the identity of multiple people or things, or to refer to an unspecified group of people or things.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine or Feminine

G4318

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pros-ang-GEL-lon-tes

Translations: announcing, reporting, proclaiming, telling, those announcing, those reporting

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'announcing' or 'reporting'. It describes an action that is happening concurrently with the main verb. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ΠΡΟΣ (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and the verb ΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ (aggellō), meaning 'to announce' or 'to report'. Thus, it conveys the idea of announcing or reporting something to someone or in a particular direction.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine or Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΓΓΕΛΛΟΝΤΕΣ, ΑΝΑΓΓΕΛΛΟΝΤΕΣ, ΔΙΑΓΓΕΛΛΟΝΤΕΣ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΣΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ is a compound verb derived from the preposition ΠΡΟΣ (pros), meaning 'to, towards', and the verb ΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ (aggellō), meaning 'to announce, to report'. The root ΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ is related to the noun ΑΓΓΕΛΟΣ (angelos), meaning 'messenger'.

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: geh-go-NO-toss

Translations: of having become, of having happened, of having come into being, of having been done, of having been made

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), which means 'to become,' 'to happen,' 'to come into being,' 'to be done,' or 'to be made.' As a genitive participle, it often describes the state or result of something that has already occurred, functioning like 'of that which has happened' or 'concerning what has come to pass.' It is used to refer to an event or situation that has taken place.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Participle, Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΟΥ, ΠΕΠΡΑΓΜΕΝΟΥ, ΣΥΜΒΕΒΗΚΟΤΟΣ

G4863

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: soon-ah-gah-GOHN

Translations: having gathered, having brought together, having assembled

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle of the verb 'to gather' or 'to bring together'. It describes an action completed in the past by the subject, indicating that the subject 'having gathered' or 'having assembled' something or someone, then proceeded to do something else. It implies a completed action that precedes the main verb of the sentence.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΑΓΕΙΡΩ, ΣΥΛΛΕΓΩ, ΣΥΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

G2233

Part of Speech: Participle, Noun

Sounds like: hay-goo-MEH-noos

Translations: leaders, rulers, chiefs, governors, commanders, guides, a leader, a ruler

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'hegeomai', meaning 'to lead' or 'to guide'. It refers to those who are in a position of leadership, authority, or guidance. It can be translated as 'leaders', 'rulers', or 'chiefs', depending on the context. It is often used to describe those who have authority over a group of people, such as elders in a church or commanders in an army.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΟΝΤΑΣ, ΠΡΟΕΣΤΩΤΑΣ, ΚΥΡΙΟΥΣ

Etymology: The word 'hegeomai' comes from the Greek root 'heg-', meaning 'to lead'. It is related to words like 'hodos' (way, path) and implies guiding along a path.

G2723

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tay-go-RAY-sen

Translations: he accused, he charged, he brought a charge, he brought an accusation

Notes: This word means 'to accuse' or 'to bring a charge against someone'. It is often used in legal or formal contexts where one person is making a formal complaint or accusation against another. It describes the act of stating that someone has done something wrong.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΕΓΚΑΛΕΩ, ΜΗΝΥΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek κατά (kata, 'down, against') + ἀγορεύω (agoreuō, 'to speak in the assembly'). It literally means 'to speak against' someone in a public or formal setting.

G4190

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: po-LEH-mee-oos

Translations: enemies, hostile ones

Notes: This word refers to those who are hostile or at war with someone. It is often used as a substantive noun to mean 'enemies' or 'adversaries'. In a sentence, it would typically describe a group of people who are in opposition or conflict.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΧΘΡΟΥΣ, ΑΝΤΙΚΕΙΜΕΝΟΥΣ

Etymology: The word πόλεμος (polemos) means 'war' or 'battle'. The suffix -ιος (-ios) is used to form adjectives indicating belonging or relation. Thus, πολεμίος means 'belonging to war' or 'hostile', and by extension, 'an enemy'.

G3767

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OON

Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: geh-no-MEH-noos

Translations: having become, having come into being, having happened, having been born, having been made, becoming, coming into being, happening, being born, being made

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), which means 'to become,' 'to come into being,' 'to happen,' 'to be born,' or 'to be made.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective while retaining verbal qualities, often indicating an action that has already occurred or is in the process of occurring relative to the main verb. It describes someone or something that has undergone a transformation or a state of being.

Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Accusative, Aorist, Middle Voice

Synonyms: ΕΓΕΝΟΝΤΟ, ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΕΓΕΝΟΜΗΝ

G0615

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-pek-TEI-nen

Translations: he killed, she killed, it killed, he slew, she slew, it slew

Notes: This word is the third person singular, aorist active indicative form of the verb ἀποκτείνω (apokteinō), meaning 'to kill' or 'to slay'. It describes a completed action of killing or slaying, typically referring to a single instance in the past. It is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb κτείνω (kteinō), meaning 'to kill'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΙΡΕΩ, ΦΟΝΕΥΩ

G3916

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: pa-ra-KHRAY-ma

Translations: immediately, at once, forthwith, straightway, instantly

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'immediately' or 'at once'. It emphasizes the suddenness or instantaneous nature of an action, indicating that something happens without delay. It is often used to describe events that occur right after something else.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΥΘΕΩΣ, ΑΥΤΙΚΑ, ΤΑΧΕΩΣ

Etymology: This word is a compound of the preposition παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'by', and χρῆμα (chrēma), meaning 'thing' or 'matter', which in this context refers to 'the present moment'. The combination conveys the sense of 'right by the thing/moment', hence 'immediately'.

G2638

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-teh-LAH-beh-toh

Translations: he seized, he took possession of, he captured, he apprehended, he overtook, he understood

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata, meaning 'down' or 'against') and the verb λαμβάνω (lambanō, meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'). It means to seize, take possession of, capture, or apprehend. In some contexts, it can also mean to overtake or to understand fully. It describes an action of taking hold of something or someone, often with force or determination.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist Indicative, Middle Voice

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΚΡΑΤΕΩ, ΣΥΛΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

G2137

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: yoo-oh-DOH-oo-meh-noss

Translations: prospering, succeeding, having a good journey, being made prosperous, being successful

Notes: This word is a present passive participle derived from the verb 'euodoo'. It describes someone or something that is being made prosperous, succeeding, or having a good journey. It implies a state of being blessed with success or favorable progress. It can be used to describe a person, an endeavor, or a journey that is going well.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΕΥ̓ΤΥΧΕΩ, ΚΑΤΕΥΟΔΟΩ

G1416

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: DYS-in

Translations: setting, sunset, west, a setting, a sunset, a west

Notes: This word refers to the act of setting, particularly of the sun or other celestial bodies. It can also refer to the direction where the sun sets, which is the west. In a sentence, it would be used to indicate the time of day when the sun goes down or the geographical direction of the west.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΥΣΜΗ

Etymology: From the verb δύω (dyō), meaning 'to enter, to sink, to set'. It refers to the action of something sinking or setting, especially the sun.

G3794

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: okh-yoo-ROH-mah-sin

Translations: (to) strongholds, (to) fortresses, (to) fortifications, (to) bulwarks

Notes: This word refers to a stronghold, fortress, or fortification. It describes a place that is strongly fortified or secured, often for defensive purposes. It can also refer to a bulwark or a strong defense in a more figurative sense, such as a spiritual or intellectual stronghold. In the provided examples, it is used in the dative case, indicating the recipient or location of an action.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΦΡΟΥΡΙΟΝ, ΤΕΙΧΟΣ, ΠΥΡΓΟΣ

Etymology: The word Ὀχύρωμα (ochyroma) comes from the verb ὀχυρόω (ochyroo), meaning 'to make strong, to fortify,' which in turn derives from ὀχυρός (ochyros), meaning 'strong, firm, secure.'

G4413

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: PRO-ton

Translations: first, foremost, chief, principal, a first thing, before, at the first, in the first place

Notes: This word means 'first' in terms of order, time, importance, or rank. As an adjective, it describes something as being the first of its kind or in a sequence. As an adverb, it indicates something happening initially or in the first instance. It can also refer to the chief or most important person or thing.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΗ, ΠΡΩΤΙΣΤΟΣ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'πρῶτος' (prōtos) is a superlative form derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pro- meaning 'forward, before'. It is related to the Greek preposition 'πρό' (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of'.

G2274

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: het-tay-THEYS

Translations: having been defeated, having been overcome, having been vanquished, having been worsted

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'hettaomai', meaning 'to be defeated' or 'to be overcome'. It describes someone or something that has experienced defeat or has been conquered. It is often used to indicate the state or condition of a subject after a battle, contest, or struggle, implying a passive experience of being overcome by an opposing force or influence.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΝΙΚΗΘΕΙΣ, ΚΑΤΑΒΛΗΘΕΙΣ

G3800

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: pan-PLEH-thays

Translations: very numerous, all-numerous, in full multitude

Notes: This word is a compound adjective formed from 'πᾶν' (pan), meaning 'all' or 'every', and 'πλῆθος' (plethos), meaning 'multitude' or 'great number'. It describes something that is exceedingly numerous or present in a complete multitude. It is used to emphasize the vastness or totality of a group or quantity.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΠΛΗΘΥΣ, ΑΠΑΣ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the prefix ΠΑΝ- (pan-), meaning 'all' or 'every', and ΠΛΗΘΥΣ (plethys), meaning 'multitude' or 'crowd'. The root of ΠΑΝ- is from Proto-Indo-European, and ΠΛΗΘΥΣ is related to the verb ΠΙΜΠΛΗΜΙ (pimplēmi), 'to fill'.

G4867

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: soon-ath-ROI-sas

Translations: having gathered, having assembled, having collected

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle of the verb 'synathroizo', meaning 'to gather together' or 'to assemble'. As a participle, it describes an action that has been completed before the main verb, often functioning like an adjective or adverb. It implies the act of bringing people or things together into one place.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΓΑΓΩΝ, ΣΥΛΛΕΞΑΣ, ΑΘΡΟΙΣΑΣ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition σύν (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ἀθροίζω (athroizō), meaning 'to gather' or 'to collect'. The root ἀθροίζω comes from ἄθροος (athroos), meaning 'crowded' or 'in a mass'.

G3918, G3867

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: par-EEN

Translations: was present, were present, was advising, was exhorting, was encouraging

Notes: This word is an inflected form that can come from two different Koine Greek verbs. It can be the imperfect active indicative, third person singular or plural, of ΠΑΡΕΙΜΙ, meaning 'to be present' or 'to be at hand'. In this sense, it describes someone or something being in a particular place or situation. Alternatively, it can be the imperfect active indicative, third person singular, of ΠΑΡΑΙΝΕΩ, meaning 'to advise', 'to exhort', or 'to encourage'. The specific meaning depends on the context of the sentence.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular or Plural (from ΠΑΡΕΙΜΙ); Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular (from ΠΑΡΑΙΝΕΩ)

Synonyms: ΕΝΔΗΜΕΩ, ΣΥΜΠΑΡΕΙΜΙ, ΣΥΜΒΟΥΛΕΥΩ

G2983

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: LEEM-pso-me-nos

Translations: one who will take, one who will receive, about to take, about to receive, going to take, going to receive

Notes: This word is a future participle derived from the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambano), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, describing someone or something that is 'about to take' or 'will receive' something. It indicates an action that is anticipated or intended to happen in the future.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΛΗΨΟΜΕΝΟΣ, ΛΑΒΩΝ

G4891

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-eng-GIZ-on-tos

Translations: drawing near, approaching, coming near, of drawing near, of approaching, of coming near

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from 'σύν' (with, together) and 'ἐγγίζω' (to draw near). It means to draw near together, to approach, or to come close. It is often used to describe the act of someone or something coming into proximity with another, either physically or in terms of time.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΓΓΙΖΩ, ΠΛΗΣΙΑΖΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΣΥΝΕΓΓΙΖΩ is a compound of the preposition ΣΥΝ (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΕΓΓΙΖΩ (engizō), meaning 'to draw near' or 'to approach'. ΕΓΓΙΖΩ itself comes from the adjective ΕΓΓΥΣ (engys), meaning 'near'.

G2412

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ee-keh-SEE-ahn

Translations: supplication, an entreaty, a petition, entreaty, petition

Notes: This word refers to an earnest and humble request or plea, often made to a higher power or authority. It signifies a fervent appeal for help, mercy, or a specific favor. It is typically used in contexts where one is seeking divine intervention or making a desperate plea.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΕΗΣΙΣ, ΕΝΤΕΥΞΙΣ, ΠΑΡΑΚΛΗΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word ἱκεσία (hikesia) comes from ἱκέτης (hiketēs), meaning 'suppliant' or 'petitioner', which is related to ἵκω (hikō), meaning 'to come, arrive'. It refers to the act of coming as a suppliant.

G2693

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: kah-tah-PAH-san-tes

Translations: having sprinkled upon, having scattered upon, having poured upon

Notes: This word is a compound participle, formed from the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (KATA), meaning 'down' or 'upon', and the verb ΠΑΣΣΩ (PASSO), meaning 'to sprinkle' or 'to scatter'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred, functioning like an adjective or adverb to modify a noun or verb. It indicates the action of having sprinkled or scattered something over or upon another thing.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΑΣΣΩ, ΡΑΝΤΙΖΩ

Etymology: The verb ΚΑΤΑΠΑΣΣΩ is a compound of the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (KATA), meaning 'down' or 'upon', and the verb ΠΑΣΣΩ (PASSO), meaning 'to sprinkle' or 'to scatter'.

G2223

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: zoh-SAN-tes

Translations: having girded, having put on a belt, having equipped, having prepared

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ζώννυμι' (zōnnumi), meaning 'to gird' or 'to put on a belt'. It describes an action that has been completed in the past, indicating that someone has already girded themselves or been girded. It can also metaphorically mean to equip or prepare oneself for action, as girding was a common way to prepare for travel, work, or battle in ancient times.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΖΩΝΝΥΜΙ, ΕΝΔΥΩ

G0001

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: Ah-peh-NAN-tee

Translations: opposite, in front of, before, against

Notes: This word is an adverb used to indicate a position directly facing or opposite to something or someone. It can also mean 'in the presence of' or 'before' a person or thing. It is often used with the genitive case to specify what it is opposite to.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἘΝΑΝΤΙΟΝ, ΚΑΤΕΝΑΝΤΙ, ΠΡΟΣΩΠΟΝ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀπ- (ap-, 'from') and ἔναντι (enanti, 'opposite'). It literally means 'from opposite' or 'from in front of'.

G2910

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kray-PEE-dah

Translations: foundation, a foundation, base, a base, substructure, a substructure

Notes: This word refers to the foundation or base of a structure, such as a building or wall. It signifies the lowest part upon which something else is built or rests, providing support and stability. It can be used literally for physical structures or metaphorically for the underlying principles or beginnings of something.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΘΕΜΕΛΙΟΣ, ΒΑΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΚΡΗΠΙΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek or related to a root meaning 'to build' or 'to make firm'.

G4363

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pros-pes-ON-tes

Translations: falling down, having fallen down, prostrating themselves, prostrating himself, prostrating herself

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'προσπίπτω' (prospiptō), meaning 'to fall upon' or 'to fall down before'. It describes an action of falling down, often in an act of supplication, worship, or reverence. It can be used to describe someone prostrating themselves before another person or a deity, indicating humility or submission.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΙΠΤΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΥΝΕΩ

Etymology: The word 'προσπίπτω' (prospiptō) is a compound word formed from 'πρός' (pros), meaning 'to, toward, in front of', and 'πίπτω' (piptō), meaning 'to fall'.

G0515

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ay-xee-OON

Translations: they were thinking worthy, they were deeming worthy, they were demanding, they were asking, they were requesting

Notes: This word is the third person plural imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'axioō'. It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past. It means 'to deem worthy,' 'to consider worthy,' 'to demand,' 'to ask,' or 'to request.' It implies that the subjects were considering something or someone to be deserving of a particular action or status, or that they were making a strong request or demand.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΑΙΤΕΩ, ΖΗΤΕΩ, ΔΕΟΜΑΙ

G2189

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ekh-THREH-oo-sai

Translations: to be an enemy, to show oneself an enemy, to make an enemy of

Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'echthreuo'. It means 'to be an enemy' or 'to show oneself as an enemy'. It describes the action of acting hostilely or becoming an adversary towards someone. For example, one might 'be an enemy' to another person or 'make an enemy of' a group.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΕΜΕΩ, ΑΝΤΙΚΕΙΜΑΙ

Etymology: The verb 'echthreuo' is derived from the noun 'echthros' (enemy), which comes from 'echthos' (hatred). It signifies the act of being or becoming an enemy, or showing hostility.

G0480

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: an-tee-KAY-sthai

Translations: to oppose, to be an adversary, to resist, to be contrary

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from ἀντί (anti), meaning 'against' or 'opposite', and κεῖμαι (keimai), meaning 'to lie' or 'to be placed'. Therefore, it literally means 'to lie opposite' or 'to be placed against'. It is used to describe someone or something that is in opposition to another, acting as an adversary or resisting an action or person. It implies a state of being contrary or hostile.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ἘΧΘΡΕΥΩ, ἈΝΘΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ἈΝΤΙΤἈΣΣΩ

Etymology: The word ἀντίκειμαι is a compound of ἀντί (anti), meaning 'against' or 'opposite', and κεῖμαι (keimai), meaning 'to lie' or 'to be placed'. It has roots in ancient Greek, combining these two elements to convey the sense of being positioned in opposition.

G2531

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: KAH-thohss

Translations: just as, even as, according as, as, exactly as, in proportion as, like, according to, inasmuch as

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the preposition κατά (kata, meaning 'down' or 'according to') and the adverb ὡς (hōs, meaning 'as' or 'how'). It functions as an adverb or conjunction, primarily used to introduce a comparison, indicating that something is done or happens in the same way as something else. It can also express correspondence or proportion, meaning 'inasmuch as' or 'to the extent that'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΑ

Etymology: From the Greek preposition κατά (kata, 'down, according to') and the adverb ὡς (hōs, 'as, how').

G3551

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: NOH-mos

Translations: law, a law, principle, custom

Notes: This word refers to a law, a principle, or a custom. It can denote a specific legal code, such as the Mosaic Law, or a general principle or rule. It is often used in a religious or ethical context, referring to divine commandments or established norms of conduct.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΝΤΟΛΗ, ΔΙΚΑΙΩΜΑ, ΚΑΝΩΝ

Etymology: The word ΝΟΜΟΣ (nomos) comes from the Greek verb νέμω (nemō), meaning 'to distribute, to assign, to apportion'. It originally referred to that which is distributed or assigned, and thus came to mean an established custom or law.

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: geh-NO-meh-noy

Translations: having become, being, having come to pass, having arisen, having been born, having happened

Notes: This word is an aorist middle participle derived from the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become,' 'to come into being,' 'to happen,' or 'to be born.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred or a state that has been achieved. It often translates as 'having become' or 'those who have become,' indicating a completed action that results in a new state or identity.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΓΕΓΟΝΟΤΕΣ, ΕΓΕΝΟΝΤΟ

G0353

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ah-nah-lah-BON-tes

Translations: taking up, having taken up, picking up, receiving, assuming, restoring, recovering

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'analambanō', meaning 'to take up', 'to lift up', 'to pick up', 'to receive', or 'to assume'. It often implies an action of lifting or carrying something away, or taking on a responsibility or role. It can also refer to recovering or restoring something. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action performed by the subject of the main verb, often translated as 'having taken up' or 'taking up'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΙΡΩ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΥΠΟΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ

G3696

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: OP-lah

Translations: arms, weapons, armor, hoofs

Notes: This word is a plural noun that can refer to military equipment such as arms, weapons, or armor. It can also refer to the hoofs of an animal. Its meaning depends on the context in which it is used.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΠΛΙΣΙΣ, ΟΠΛΙΣΜΟΣ, ΟΝΥΞ

Etymology: The word ὅπλον (hoplon) is believed to be derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sep-, meaning 'to handle, to grasp'. It originally referred to any tool or implement, and later specialized to mean 'weapon' or 'armor'.

G4119

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: PLEH-ee-on

Translations: more, greater, longer, a longer time, the majority, the greater part, a greater thing

Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the comparative adjective 'πλείων' (pleiōn), meaning 'more' or 'greater'. It is used to indicate a larger quantity, degree, or duration of something. It can function as an adjective modifying a neuter noun, or as an adverb meaning 'more' or 'longer'. When used with a definite article, it can mean 'the majority' or 'the greater part'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΜΕΙΖΩΝ, ΠΕΡΙΣΣΟΤΕΡΟΝ

G4933

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: soon-eng-GHEE-san-tes

Translations: having drawn near, having approached, having come close

Notes: This word is a compound aorist active participle, masculine plural, nominative, from the verb συνεγγίζω (syneggizo). It describes an action of drawing near or approaching, completed in the past, and refers to multiple masculine subjects who performed this action. It is used to indicate that a group of people or things have come into close proximity with something else.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΕΓΓΙΣΑΝΤΕΣ, ΠΛΗΣΙΑΣΑΝΤΕΣ

Etymology: The verb συνεγγίζω (syneggizo) is a compound word formed from the prefix σύν (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ἐγγίζω (engizo), meaning 'to draw near' or 'to approach'. The root ἐγγίζω comes from the adjective ἐγγύς (engys), meaning 'near'.

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: EHF

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, because of, with, by

Notes: This word is an elided form of the Greek preposition ἘΠΊ (epi), which means 'on,' 'upon,' or 'over.' The final vowel of ἘΠΊ is dropped before a word beginning with a vowel, especially a rough breathing mark, resulting in ἘΦ. Its precise meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it means 'on' or 'upon' (of place or time); with the dative, it means 'on,' 'at,' 'by,' or 'for' (of position or cause); and with the accusative, it means 'on,' 'to,' 'against,' or 'over' (of motion or purpose). It is also commonly used as a prefix in compound words.

Inflection: Does not inflect; it is an elided form of the preposition ἘΠΊ. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs (Genitive, Dative, or Accusative).

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.

G0395

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-nah-toh-LEES

Translations: of rising, of dawn, of the east, of the sunrise

Notes: This word refers to the act of rising, especially of the sun or stars, and by extension, the direction from which the sun rises, which is the east. It can also refer to the dawn or the place where the sun appears. It is used in contexts describing the beginning of something or a geographical direction.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ἈΝΑΤΟΛΑΙ, ἈΝΑΤΟΛΗ

Etymology: From the verb ἀνατέλλω (anatellō), meaning 'to rise up' or 'to cause to rise'. It is formed from ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up', and τέλλω (tellō), meaning 'to accomplish' or 'to rise'.

G1287

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: dee-ah-kheh-OH-meh-nees

Translations: spreading, being diffused, being poured out, being scattered

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'διαχέω', meaning 'to pour out', 'to diffuse', or 'to scatter'. As a participle, it describes an ongoing action or state, often functioning like an adjective or adverb. In this form, it indicates something that is 'spreading' or 'being diffused', often referring to light, sound, or a crowd.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine, Present, Middle/Passive

Synonyms: ΣΚΟΡΠΙΖΩ, ΔΙΑΣΚΟΡΠΙΖΩ

G4316

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-EB-al-lon

Translations: they were attacking, they were assailing, they were casting, they were striking, they were applying

Notes: This word describes an action of approaching with force or impact, often implying an attack, assault, or the casting of something against another. It can also mean to apply something to a surface. In the provided examples, it is used to describe armies attacking or winds striking the sea, indicating a forceful interaction.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΤΙΘΕΜΑΙ, ΕΦΟΔΕΥΩ, ΕΠΙΧΕΙΡΕΩ

G1450

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ENG-gyoo-on

Translations: near, at hand, close, a guarantee, a surety

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'near' or 'at hand'. It can also be used substantively (as a noun) to mean 'a guarantee' or 'a surety', referring to something that is close or certain to happen, or a person who stands as security for another. In this form, it is the neuter singular.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΕΓΓΥΣ, ΠΛΗΣΙΟΝ

Etymology: From the preposition ἐν (en, 'in') and γύης (gyēs, 'a field, land'), referring to something 'in the hand' or 'at hand'.

G2110

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: yoo-ay-may-REE-as

Translations: of prosperity, of good fortune, of success, of well-being

Notes: This word refers to a state of prosperity, good fortune, or success. It describes a period or condition of thriving and well-being. It is often used in contexts discussing the positive outcomes or favorable circumstances in life.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΥ̓ΤΥΧΙΑ, ΕΥ̓ΠΡΑΓΙΑ

Etymology: The word Εὐημερία (euēmeria) is a compound word derived from the Greek prefix εὖ (eu), meaning 'good' or 'well', and the noun ἡμέρα (hēmera), meaning 'day'. Thus, it literally means 'good day' or 'good times', evolving to signify prosperity or success.

G703

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-reh-TAYS

Translations: of virtue, of excellence, of moral goodness, of valor

Notes: This word refers to moral excellence, virtue, or valor. It describes a quality of high moral standing or outstanding ability, often implying courage or effectiveness.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΓΑΘΟΣΥΝΗ, ΚΑΛΟΚΑΓΑΘΙΑ

Etymology: The word 'Ἀρετή' (aretē) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to 'ἀρή' (arē), meaning 'prayer' or 'curse', or from the root 'ἀρ-' (ar-), meaning 'to fit' or 'to join'. It evolved to signify excellence of any kind, and later, moral excellence.

G0073

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-go-NOHN

Translations: of contests, of struggles, of races, of assemblies, of games, of conflicts

Notes: This word refers to a gathering, assembly, or a place of contest, such as an athletic arena. It can also denote the contest or struggle itself, a race, or a conflict. In a broader sense, it can refer to any kind of struggle, effort, or trial.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΘΛΩΝ, ΕΡΙΔΩΝ, ΜΑΧΩΝ

Etymology: The word ἈΓΩΝ (agōn) comes from the verb ἄγω (agō), meaning 'to lead, to bring, to drive'. It originally referred to a gathering or assembly, and then evolved to mean a contest or struggle that takes place at such a gathering.

G5021

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: TAT-toh-meh-noy

Translations: appointed, ordered, arranged, set, placed, assigned, a person appointed, a person ordered

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'tasso' (or 'tatto'), meaning 'to arrange,' 'to appoint,' 'to order,' or 'to set in place.' As a participle, it describes someone or something that has been arranged, appointed, or ordered. It can function like an adjective, describing a noun, or as part of a verbal phrase, indicating an action that has been done to the subject.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine, Middle or Passive Voice, Present Participle

Synonyms: ΟΡΙΖΩ, ΚΑΘΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ghee-NO-meh-nees

Translations: of becoming, of being, of happening, of coming to pass, of being made, of being born

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), which means 'to become,' 'to be,' 'to happen,' or 'to come into existence.' As a genitive participle, it often functions in a genitive absolute construction, indicating a circumstance or time when something else occurs, similar to 'when it was happening' or 'while it was being done.' It can also simply indicate possession or relationship in a genitive sense.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine or Middle/Passive, Present

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΗΣ, ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ

G3163

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: MA-khees

Translations: of battle, of fight, of combat, of a battle, of a fight, of a combat

Notes: This word refers to a battle, fight, or combat. It is used to describe a physical conflict or struggle between individuals or groups. As a noun, it can function as the subject or object of a sentence, or in this genitive form, it indicates possession or relationship, often translated with 'of'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΕΜΟΥ, ΑΓΩΝΟΣ, ΕΡΙΔΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΜΑΧΗ (machē) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *magh-, meaning 'to be able, to have power'. It is related to words signifying struggle or combat.

G5316

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-FAH-nay-sahn

Translations: they appeared, they were seen, they became visible, they shone

Notes: This word is the third person plural, aorist passive indicative form of the verb 'phainō'. It means 'they appeared' or 'they were seen', indicating that a group of people or things became visible or manifested themselves. It describes an action that occurred in the past, where the subjects were the recipients of the action of being made visible.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Aorist, Passive, Indicative

Synonyms: ΟΡΑΩ, ΔΕΙΚΝΥΜΙ

Etymology: The word 'phainō' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to shine' or 'to show'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey ideas of light, appearance, or manifestation.

G5227

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: hoo-pen-AN-tee-oys

Translations: to opponents, to adversaries, to hostile ones, to those who are opposite

Notes: This word describes someone or something that is opposite, hostile, or adversarial. It is often used substantively, meaning 'the opponents' or 'the adversaries.' In this dative plural form, it indicates the recipients of an action, such as 'to the opponents' or 'to the adversaries.'

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΝΤΙΚΕΙΜΕΝΟΙ, ΕΧΘΡΟΙ

Etymology: The word ΥΠΕΝΑΝΤΙΟΣ (hypenantios) is a compound word formed from the preposition ΥΠΟ (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'against,' and ΕΝΑΝΤΙΟΣ (enantios), meaning 'opposite' or 'contrary.' Thus, it literally means 'under or against what is opposite.'

G1297

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: dee-ah-PREH-peece

Translations: distinguished, eminent, conspicuous, excellent

Notes: This word describes someone or something that stands out or is highly noticeable due to their excellence, prominence, or striking appearance. It is a compound word formed from 'διά' (dia), meaning 'through' or 'thoroughly', and 'πρέπω' (prepo), meaning 'to be fitting' or 'to be conspicuous'. Thus, it conveys the idea of being thoroughly conspicuous or pre-eminent.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΚΠΡΕΠΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙΦΑΝΕΙΣ, ΕΝΔΟΞΟΙ

G0644

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-fay-goo-MEH-noi

Translations: leading, narrating, describing, relating, telling, those who lead, those who narrate

Notes: This word is a present participle, meaning 'leading' or 'narrating'. It describes someone who is in the act of leading, guiding, or recounting a story or event. It can function adjectivally, describing a noun (e.g., 'the leading men'), or substantively, acting as a noun itself (e.g., 'those who lead').

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ἩΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΔΙΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ἘΞΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ

G0866

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-TROH-ton

Translations: unwounded, unharmed, invulnerable, an unwounded thing, an unharmed thing, an invulnerable thing

Notes: This word describes something that is unwounded, unharmed, or invulnerable. It refers to a state of being impervious to injury or having escaped injury. It can be used to describe a person, an object, or even a concept that remains untouched or undamaged.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ἈΒΛΑΒΗΣ, ἈΝΕΠΙΛΗΠΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the privative prefix ἀ- (a-, meaning 'not') and τρωτός (trōtos, meaning 'wounded' or 'vulnerable'), which comes from the verb τιτρώσκω (titrōskō, meaning 'to wound'). Thus, it literally means 'not wounded' or 'unwoundable'.

G1314

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-eh-fyoo-LASS-son

Translations: they were guarding carefully, they were keeping safe, they were preserving

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'thoroughly', and the verb φυλάσσω (phylassō), meaning 'to guard' or 'to keep'. Together, it means to guard or keep thoroughly, carefully, or completely. It describes an ongoing action of protection or preservation in the past.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΦΥΛΑΣΣΩ, ΤΗΡΕΩ, ΣΩΖΩ

G2759

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: keh-rah-NOOS

Translations: thunderbolts, lightnings, flashes of lightning

Notes: This word refers to thunderbolts or flashes of lightning. It is typically used in a literal sense to describe a powerful discharge of electricity in the atmosphere, often associated with divine power or judgment. It is a compound word, but its parts are not easily separable into distinct meanings.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΣΤΡΑΠΗ

Etymology: The word ΚΕΡΑΥΝΟΣ (keraunos) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It is related to the verb κεραυνόω (keraunoō), meaning 'to strike with a thunderbolt'.

G1619

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ex-eh-RIP-toon

Translations: they were throwing out, they were casting out, they were rejecting

Notes: This word describes the action of throwing or casting something out, often with force or rejection. It is a compound word formed from the prefix ἐξ- (ex-), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb ῥίπτω (rhiptō), meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast'. It is used to indicate a continuous or repeated action in the past.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΕΚΒΑΛΛΩ, ΑΠΟΡΡΙΠΤΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΞΕΡΙΠΤΩ is derived from the prefix ἐξ- (ex-), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb ῥίπτω (rhiptō), meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast'. The root ῥίπτω comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to throw, to cast'.

G4791

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soong-khoo-THEN-tes

Translations: confused, confounded, thrown into confusion, stirred up, mixed up

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the preposition σύν (syn, meaning 'with' or 'together') and the verb χέω (cheō, meaning 'to pour'). It means to pour together, mix up, or throw into confusion. As a participle, it describes someone or something that has been confused or confounded, often implying a state of disarray or bewilderment. It can be used to describe people whose minds are in a state of disorder or a situation that has become chaotic.

Inflection: Aorist, Participle, Passive, Nominative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΤΑΡΑΣΣΩ, ΘΟΡΥΒΕΩ, ΕΚΠΛΗΣΣΩ

Etymology: The word συγχέω is derived from the prefix σύν (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb χέω (cheō), meaning 'to pour'. It literally means 'to pour together' and evolved to mean 'to mix up' or 'to confuse'.

G0280

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-oh-ra-SEE-ah

Translations: blindness, a blindness, invisibility

Notes: This word refers to a state of being unable to see, or a condition of blindness. It can also denote invisibility, the state of not being able to be seen. It is often used in a literal sense for physical blindness, but can also be used metaphorically for spiritual blindness or a lack of understanding. It is a compound word formed from the negative prefix 'ἀ-' (a-, meaning 'not' or 'without') and 'ὁράω' (horaō, meaning 'to see').

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΤΥΦΛΟΤΗΣ, ΑΟΡΑΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΟΡΑΣΙΑ is derived from the negative prefix ἀ- (a-, 'not, without') and the verb ὁράω (horaō, 'to see'). It literally means 'not seeing' or 'inability to see'.

G1289

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-eh-KOP-ton-toh

Translations: they were being cut through, they were being cut off, they were being interrupted, they were being hindered

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and the verb κόπτω (koptō), meaning 'to cut' or 'to strike'. In this form, it means 'to be cut through', 'to be cut off', 'to be interrupted', or 'to be hindered'. It describes an action that was ongoing in the past and was being done to the subject.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΟΠΤΩ, ΕΜΠΟΔΙΖΩ

G4137

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pep-lay-ROH-me-noy

Translations: filled, having been filled, completed, having been completed, fulfilled, having been fulfilled

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been filled' or 'having been completed'. It describes a state of being full or complete as a result of a past action. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, and can be used to describe someone or something that has been made full, accomplished, or brought to an end.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΓΕΜΩ, ΠΛΗΘΩ, ΤΕΛΕΩ

G2695

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tes-fah-GEE-san

Translations: they were slaughtered, they were slain

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata, meaning 'down' or 'completely') and the verb σφάζω (sphazō, meaning 'to slaughter' or 'to slay'). The compound verb intensifies the action, meaning to slaughter thoroughly or completely. It is used to describe a violent and complete killing of a group of people or animals.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΣΦΑΖΩ, ΑΠΟΚΤΕΙΝΩ, ΑΝΑΙΡΕΩ

G1364, G3463

Part of Speech: Numeral

Sounds like: dis-MY-ree-oy

Translations: twenty thousand

Notes: This word is a compound numeral meaning 'twenty thousand'. It is formed from 'δις' (dis), meaning 'twice', and 'μυρίοι' (myrioi), meaning 'ten thousand'. It is used to express the quantity of twenty thousand of something, often appearing in contexts describing large numbers of people, animals, or objects.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The word is a compound of the adverb δίς (dis), meaning 'twice', and the adjective μυρίοι (myrioi), meaning 'ten thousand' or 'innumerable'.

G4934

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-EH-foo-gen

Translations: fled with, escaped with, fled together

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the preposition 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb 'φεύγω' (pheugō), meaning 'to flee' or 'to escape'. Therefore, 'συνέφυγεν' means 'he/she/it fled with' or 'he/she/it escaped together with'. It describes an action of fleeing or escaping in the company of others, or joining others in their flight.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΔΙΑΦΕΥΓΩ, ΣΥΝΕΚΦΕΥΓΩ

Etymology: The word ΣΥΝΦΕΥΓΩ is a compound of the preposition ΣΥΝ (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΦΕΥΓΩ (pheugō), meaning 'to flee' or 'to escape'.

G3004

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: leh-GO-meh-non

Translations: being said, being spoken, being called, being named, what is said, what is spoken, a thing said, a thing spoken

Notes: This word is a present passive participle derived from the verb 'ΛΕΓΩ' (lego), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing something that is in the process of being said, spoken, or called. It can refer to a statement, a saying, or something that is being referred to or named.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter, Present, Passive

Synonyms: ΛΑΛΟΥΜΕΝΟΝ, ΦΑΜΕΝΟΝ

G3795

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: okh-YOO-roh-mah

Translations: fortress, stronghold, strong defense, a fortress, a stronghold, a strong defense

Notes: This word refers to a fortified place or a strong defense, something that provides security or protection. It can be used literally for a physical structure like a castle or figuratively for an argument, a belief, or anything that acts as a strong barrier or point of resistance. It is a neuter noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative

Synonyms: ΦΡΟΥΡΙΟΝ, ΠΥΡΓΟΣ

Etymology: The word ὈΧΥΡΩΜΑ (ochyroma) is derived from the verb ὀχυρόω (ochyroo), meaning 'to fortify' or 'to make strong'. This verb itself comes from ὀχυρός (ochyros), meaning 'firm' or 'strong'.

G5432

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: froo-REE-on

Translations: fortress, a fortress, stronghold, a stronghold, garrison, a garrison

Notes: This word refers to a fortified place, such as a fortress, stronghold, or a place where a military garrison is stationed. It is used to describe a secure and defensible structure, often built for protection or as a military base.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΧΥΡΩΜΑ, ΠΥΡΓΟΣ, ΤΕΙΧΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb φρουρέω (phroureō), meaning 'to guard, to watch over', which itself comes from φύλαξ (phylax), meaning 'a guard'. Thus, it denotes a place that is guarded or watched over.

G4754

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: strah-tay-GOON-tos

Translations: commanding, leading, being a general, while commanding, (of) one commanding

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'strategéō', meaning 'to be a general' or 'to command an army'. It describes someone who is in the act of leading or commanding. It is often used in a genitive absolute construction to indicate a concurrent action, such as 'while he was commanding' or 'when someone was in command'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Present, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΗΓΟΥΜΕΝΟΣ, ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΚΥΒΕΡΝΩΝ

Etymology: The word 'strategéō' is a compound word formed from 'stratós' (army) and 'ágō' (to lead). Thus, it literally means 'to lead an army'.

G0794

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: ahs-MEH-nohs

Translations: gladly, with pleasure, joyfully, eagerly

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'gladly' or 'with pleasure'. It describes an action performed with willingness, joy, or eagerness. It is often used to indicate a positive and enthusiastic response to something.

Inflection: Does not inflect (adverbial form of ἀσμενός)

Synonyms: ΗΔΕΩΣ, ΠΡΟΘΥΜΩΣ, ΕΥΦΡΟΣΥΝΩΣ

Etymology: The word ἀσμένως is derived from the adjective ἀσμενός (asmenos), meaning 'glad' or 'well-pleased'. It is related to the verb ἥδομαι (hēdomai), 'to be pleased'.

G2523

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-ree-eh-KAH-thee-sahn

Translations: they sat around, they besieged, they encamped around

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition περί (peri, meaning 'around' or 'about') and the verb καθίζω (kathizō, meaning 'to sit' or 'to cause to sit'). In this form, it means 'they sat around' or 'they encamped around'. It is often used in the context of military action, signifying the act of surrounding or besieging a place, as in 'they besieged the city'.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΙΟΡΚΕΩ, ΚΥΚΛΟΩ, ΠΕΡΙΚΑΘΗΜΑΙ

G2070

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: eh-roo-MNO-tay-tee

Translations: (to) strength, (to) security, (to) a stronghold, (to) a fortress, (to) a strong place, (to) a defense, (to) a protection

Notes: This word refers to the quality of being strong, secure, or fortified. It is used to describe a place or a situation that offers protection or defense, such as a stronghold, a fortress, or a secure location. It implies a sense of safety derived from physical or strategic strength.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΧΥΡΟΤΗΣ, ΑΣΦΑΛΕΙΑ, ΦΡΟΥΡΙΟΝ

Etymology: From the adjective ἐρυμνός (erymnos), meaning 'fortified, strong, secure', which is related to ἐρύω (eryō), meaning 'to draw, to pull, to protect'.

G3982

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: peh-poy-THOH-tes

Translations: trusting, having trusted, confident, relying, persuaded, having been persuaded

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ΠΕΙΘΩ', meaning 'to persuade' or 'to trust'. As a perfect active participle, it describes someone who has been persuaded or has come to trust, and therefore is in a state of confidence or reliance. It often takes a dative object, indicating what or whom one is trusting or relying upon.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΙΣΤΕΥΟΝΤΕΣ, ΘΑΡΡΟΥΝΤΕΣ

G5236

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: hoo-per-AH-gan

Translations: exceedingly, very much, beyond measure, excessively

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'exceedingly' or 'very much'. It is a compound word formed from 'ὑπέρ' (hyper), meaning 'over' or 'beyond', and 'ἄγαν' (agan), meaning 'very much' or 'too much'. It is used to intensify the degree of an action or quality, indicating something is done or exists to an extreme extent. For example, it could describe someone being 'exceedingly joyful' or an action being 'done beyond measure'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΦΟΔΡΑ, ΛΙΑΝ, ΠΕΡΙΣΣΩΣ

Etymology: This word is a compound of the Greek preposition 'ὑπέρ' (hyper), meaning 'over, beyond', and the adverb 'ἄγαν' (agan), meaning 'very much, too much'.

G4264

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: pro-ee-EN-tes

Translations: sending forth, uttering, letting go, casting forth, throwing forward

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb προΐημι (proïēmi), meaning 'to send forth' or 'to let go'. As a participle, it describes an action that is ongoing or habitual, often functioning adjectivally to modify a noun, indicating someone or something that is in the act of sending, uttering, or letting go. It can also be used adverbially to describe how an action is performed.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine, Present, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΕΞΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΟΝΤΕΣ, ΑΦΙΕΝΤΕΣ

Etymology: The word προΐημι (proïēmi) is a compound word formed from the preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'forward', and the verb ἵημι (hiēmi), meaning 'to send' or 'to let go'.

G4448

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: py-roh-THEN-tes

Translations: having been inflamed, having been set on fire, having been purified by fire, having been tried by fire, having been burned, having been made red-hot

Notes: This word is a passive participle derived from the verb 'πυρόω' (pyroo), which means 'to set on fire,' 'to burn,' 'to inflame,' or 'to purify by fire.' As a passive participle, 'πυρωθέντες' describes something that has undergone the action of being set on fire, inflamed, or purified/tested by fire. It can refer to a literal burning or heating, or metaphorically to being inflamed with passion (like anger or zeal), or to being refined and tested through trials, much like metal is purified by fire.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΦΛΕΓΟΝΤΕΣ, ΚΑΙΟΜΕΝΟΙ, ΔΟΚΙΜΑΣΘΕΝΤΕΣ

Etymology: The word 'πυρόω' (pyroo) is derived from the ancient Greek noun 'πῦρ' (pyr), meaning 'fire.' The suffix '-όω' indicates a verb that means 'to make into' or 'to cause to be like' the root noun.

G2342

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: thay-ree-OH-day

Translations: beastly, savage, wild, ferocious, brutal

Notes: This word describes something as having the characteristics of a wild beast, implying a savage, brutal, or ferocious nature. It is used to describe actions, behaviors, or even people who exhibit such qualities. In this form, it is a dative singular adjective, modifying a noun that is also dative singular.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΓΡΙΟΣ, ΩΜΟΣ, ΒΑΡΒΑΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΘΗΡΙΩΔΗΣ (thēriōdēs) is derived from the Greek word θηρίον (thērion), meaning 'wild beast' or 'animal', combined with the suffix -ώδης (-ōdēs), which indicates 'like' or 'resembling'. Thus, it literally means 'beast-like' or 'resembling a wild beast'.

G2372

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: thoo-MOH

Translations: (to) passion, (to) anger, (to) wrath, (to) indignation, (to) rage, (to) fury, (to) spirit, (to) soul

Notes: This word refers to a strong emotion, often negative, such as anger, wrath, or indignation. It can also refer to the seat of emotions, like the spirit or soul. In this dative form, it indicates the recipient or instrument of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'with'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΡΓΗ, ΠΑΘΟΣ, ΖΗΛΟΣ

Etymology: From an assumed root meaning 'to rush, breathe hard'. It originally referred to the soul or spirit as the principle of life, and later came to denote strong feelings or passions.

G1706

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: em-PIP-ton-tah

Translations: falling into, falling upon, falling among, encountering, happening upon, striking

Notes: This word describes the action of falling into, upon, or among something, or encountering something. It can be used to describe someone or something unexpectedly coming across a situation or person, or being struck by something. It is a compound word formed from 'ἐν' (in, among) and 'πίπτω' (to fall).

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΙΠΤΩ, ΣΥΜΠΙΠΤΩ, ΠΡΟΣΠΙΠΤΩ

G2875

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EK-op-ton

Translations: they were cutting, they were striking, they were beating, they were mourning

Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative, third person plural form of the verb 'κόπτω' (koptō). It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past. Depending on the context, it can mean 'to cut,' 'to strike' or 'to beat' (often in the sense of inflicting blows), or 'to mourn' (which often involved beating one's breast or head as a sign of grief). For example, it could describe people repeatedly striking something or someone, or a group of people engaged in a prolonged act of mourning.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΤΥΠΤΩ, ΠΛΗΓΩ, ΘΡΗΝΕΩ

G4306

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pros-an-a-BAN-tes

Translations: having gone up to, having ascended to, having mounted to

Notes: This word is a compound participle, formed from the preposition 'πρός' (pros, meaning 'to' or 'towards'), 'ἀνά' (ana, meaning 'up' or 'upwards'), and the verb 'βαίνω' (bainō, meaning 'to go' or 'to step'). Together, it describes the action of someone or something having gone up to or ascended towards a particular place or object. It implies a completed action of moving upwards and towards something.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΒΑΝΤΕΣ, ΑΝΕΛΘΟΝΤΕΣ

G2198

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ZOHN-tas

Translations: living, the living, those who are living

Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb 'to live'. It describes someone or something that is currently alive. It is often used substantively, meaning it functions like a noun, referring to 'the living ones' or 'those who are alive'. It can be used in various contexts to distinguish between the living and the dead.

Inflection: Present, Active, Accusative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΜΨΥΧΟΣ, ΕΝΖΩΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΖΑΩ comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to live' or 'to be alive'. It is a fundamental verb in Greek, indicating the state of being alive.

G0989

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: blas-FEE-moos

Translations: blasphemous, reviling, abusive, slanderous

Notes: This word describes someone or something that is blasphemous, reviling, or abusive. It refers to speaking evil against God or sacred things, or more generally, to speaking evil against anyone, including slander or defamation. It is used to characterize individuals who engage in such speech or actions.

Inflection: Masculine or Feminine, Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΛΟΓΟΥΣ, ΥΒΡΙΣΤΑΣ

Etymology: The word ΒΛΑΣΦΗΜΟΣ is a compound word derived from βλάπτω (blaptō, meaning 'to injure' or 'to harm') and φήμη (phēmē, meaning 'a report' or 'speech'). Thus, it literally means 'harmful speech' or 'injurious speech'.

G1289

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-eh-KOP-ton

Translations: were cutting through, were cutting in two, were interrupting, were breaking off

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and the verb κόπτω (koptō), meaning 'to cut' or 'to strike'. Together, it means to cut through, cut in two, or interrupt. It describes an action of severing something completely or breaking off a continuous process. In its imperfect tense, it indicates an ongoing or repeated action in the past.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΤΕΜΝΩ, ΚΟΠΤΩ, ΔΙΑΡΡΗΓΝΥΜΙ

Etymology: The word ΔΙΑΚΟΠΤΩ is formed from the prefix διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and the verb κόπτω (koptō), meaning 'to cut' or 'to strike'.

G1523

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: eis-DEK-sah-MEH-noi

Translations: receiving, having received, welcoming, having welcomed, accepting, having accepted

Notes: This word is a compound participle formed from the preposition εἰς (eis), meaning 'into' or 'to', and the verb δέχομαι (dechomai), meaning 'to receive' or 'to accept'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is occurring, often functioning like an adjective or adverb. It means 'having received into' or 'having welcomed into', implying an act of taking in or accepting someone or something.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΔΈΧΟΜΑΙ, ΛΑΜΒΆΝΩ, ΠΡΟΣΔΈΧΟΜΑΙ

G3062

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: loy-PEEN

Translations: the rest, the remaining, the other, the others, the remainder

Notes: This word refers to what is left over or remaining. It is often used to indicate the rest of a group or quantity, or the remaining part of something. It can function as an adjective modifying a noun, or as a substantive (acting like a noun) meaning 'the rest' or 'the others'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΥΠΟΛΟΙΠΟΣ, ΕΠΙΛΟΙΠΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'λοιπός' (loipos) comes from the verb 'λείπω' (leipō), meaning 'to leave' or 'to remain'. It is related to the concept of something being left behind or remaining.

G4291

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pro-ka-te-LA-bon-to

Translations: they seized beforehand, they occupied beforehand, they took possession beforehand, they anticipated, they surprised

Notes: This is a compound verb meaning 'to seize beforehand,' 'to occupy in advance,' or 'to anticipate.' It is often used to describe taking possession of a place or an advantage before others can. In the provided context, it refers to occupying strategic locations like mountain peaks.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle Voice, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΚΑΤΑΣΧΕΩ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of three parts: πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of'; κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against'; and λαμβάνω (lambano), meaning 'to take' or 'to seize'. The combination signifies taking something down or seizing it in advance.

G0613

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: ah-po-keh-KROO-mme-non

Translations: hidden, concealed, kept secret, a hidden thing, a concealed thing

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been hidden' or 'that which has been hidden'. It describes something that has been concealed or kept secret, often implying a state of being hidden from view or knowledge. It can be used to refer to a mystery or something not yet revealed.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΚΕΚΡΥΜΜΕΝΟΝ, ΚΕΚΑΛΥΜΜΕΝΟΝ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀπό (apo, 'from, away from') and κρύπτω (kryptō, 'to hide, conceal').

G5100

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: TEE-nee

Translations: to/for someone, to/for something, by someone, by something, with someone, with something, in what, to what, by what, a certain one, a certain thing, (to) what, (to) whom, (to) which

Notes: ΤΙΝΙ is the dative singular form of the indefinite and interrogative pronoun ΤΙΣ. As an indefinite pronoun, it means 'someone,' 'something,' 'a certain one,' or 'a certain thing,' indicating an unspecified person or object. As an interrogative pronoun, it means 'to whom,' 'to what,' 'by whom,' or 'by what,' asking about the recipient or agent of an action. Its meaning depends on the context, often indicating an indirect object or an instrument.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, All genders

Synonyms: ΤΙΣ, ΟΣΤΙΣ

G80

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-del-FON

Translations: brother, a brother, fellowman, countryman, kinsman

Notes: This word refers to a brother by birth, but it can also be used more broadly to refer to a fellow countryman, a kinsman, or a spiritual brother (such as a fellow believer in a religious community). It is often used in the New Testament to address members of the Christian community. In a sentence, it would function as the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition when in the accusative case.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative

Synonyms: ΣΥΓΓΕΝΗΣ, ΟΜΟΙΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΔΕΛΦΟΣ is a compound word derived from the prefix ἀ- (a-), meaning 'together' or 'same', and δελφύς (delphys), meaning 'womb'. Thus, it literally means 'from the same womb'.

G1223, G4238

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: dee-ah-PRAX-ah-meh-noy

Translations: having accomplished, having done, having performed, having achieved, having carried out

Notes: This word is an aorist middle participle of the verb 'διαπράσσω' (diaprassō), which means 'to accomplish,' 'to perform,' or 'to carry out.' As a participle, it describes an action completed in the past by the subject, often translated as 'having accomplished' or 'having done.' It is a compound word formed from 'διά' (dia), meaning 'through' or 'completely,' and 'πράσσω' (prassō), meaning 'to do' or 'to accomplish.'

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Nominative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΤΕΛΕΩ

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: meth

Translations: with, after, among, by, in company with

Notes: This is an elided form of the preposition 'μετά' (meta), which means 'with' or 'after'. The final alpha (α) is dropped when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark (indicated by the 'θ' which is the first letter of the following word in the examples, 'θύμου'). It indicates association, accompaniment, or sequence in time or order. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'after' or 'behind'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition, but this is an elided form)

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- (among, with, in the middle of).

G2962

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KOO-ree-OH

Translations: to the Lord, for the Lord, to the master, for the master, to an owner, for an owner

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the noun ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, meaning 'Lord,' 'master,' or 'owner.' In the dative case, it typically indicates the indirect object of an action, the recipient, or the beneficiary. It is commonly used in religious contexts to refer to God or Jesus Christ, but can also refer to a human master or owner. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'to give thanks to the Lord' or 'to serve the master.'

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ

G2109

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: yoo-er-geh-TOON-tee

Translations: (to) the one doing good, (to) the one benefiting, (to) the benefactor

Notes: This word is a present active participle, indicating an ongoing action of 'doing good' or 'benefiting'. It describes someone who is actively providing benefits or acting as a benefactor. In this form, it functions as a dative noun, meaning 'to the one who is doing good' or 'to the benefactor'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΑΓΑΘΟΠΟΙΟΥΝΤΙ, ΚΑΛΟΠΟΙΟΥΝΤΙ

G2474

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: Iss-rah-AYL

Translations: Israel

Notes: This word refers to Israel, which can denote the patriarch Jacob (who was renamed Israel), the nation descended from him, or the land occupied by that nation. It is used to refer to the people of God, the twelve tribes, or the northern kingdom of Israel as distinct from Judah. It is often used in contexts referring to the history, covenant, and identity of God's chosen people.

Inflection: Indeclinable

Etymology: The word is of Hebrew origin, meaning 'God strives' or 'he strives with God'. It was the new name given to Jacob after he wrestled with God (Genesis 32:28).

G1325