2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

G1161

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G2540

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kai-RON

Translations: time, a time, season, a season, opportune time, a opportune time, proper time, a proper time

Notes: This word refers to a specific, appointed, or opportune time, a critical moment, or a season, rather than general chronological time (which is 'χρόνος'). It often implies a qualitative aspect of time, emphasizing the right or fitting moment for something. In the provided examples, it is used in the accusative case, indicating the object of an action or a duration.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΧΡΟΝΟΣ, ΩΡΑ, ΕΠΟΧΗ

Etymology: The etymology of 'καιρός' is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the idea of 'fitting' or 'proper'.

G3778

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-ton

Translations: this, this one, him, it

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, used to point out something specific that is near in proximity, time, or thought, or something that has just been mentioned. As a pronoun, it can stand in for a noun, meaning 'this one' or 'him/it'. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, meaning 'this' (e.g., 'this house'). In this form, it is masculine singular and in the accusative case, meaning it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΝ

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G0859

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-FO-dos

Translations: departure, going away, exit, a departure, an exit

Notes: This word refers to a going forth, a departure, or an exit. It can be used in various contexts, such as the departure of an army, a journey, or simply leaving a place.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΞΟΔΟΣ, ἈΝΑΧΩΡΗΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΦΟΔΟΣ is a compound word formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the noun ὁδός (hodos), meaning 'way' or 'road'. Thus, it literally means 'a way from' or 'a going away'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G1519

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G4724

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ess-TEH-lah-toh

Translations: sent, prepared, arranged, ordered, equipped

Notes: This is the third person singular, aorist indicative middle voice form of the verb 'στέλλω'. In the middle voice, the action of the verb is performed by the subject upon itself or for its own benefit. Therefore, 'ἐστείλατο' means 'he/she/it sent himself/herself/itself', 'he/she/it prepared himself/herself/itself', or 'he/she/it arranged/ordered for himself/herself/itself'. It can describe someone dispatching themselves on a journey, preparing for an action, or setting something in order for their own purposes.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΕΜΠΩ, ΤΑΞΙΣ, ΕΤΟΙΜΑΖΩ

Etymology: The verb 'στέλλω' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to set, to place, to stand'. It originally conveyed the idea of setting something in order or preparing it, which then extended to sending or dispatching.

G4845

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-eh-BEH

Translations: it happened, it came to pass, it occurred, it befell

Notes: This is an impersonal verb form meaning 'it happened' or 'it occurred'. It describes an event or circumstance that took place, often used to introduce a consequence or a development in a narrative. It is typically used in the third person singular.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΑΠΟΒΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: The word συμβαίνω (symbainō) is a compound word formed from the preposition σύν (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb βαίνω (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to step'. Thus, it literally means 'to go together' or 'to come together', which evolved into the meaning 'to happen' or 'to occur'.

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: kath

Translations: according to, down, against, throughout, during, by, for, with respect to, concerning

Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down' or 'according to'. It is commonly used as a prefix in compound words or as a preposition governing various cases. When used as a preposition, it can indicate movement downwards, distribution, opposition, or a standard of comparison. For example, 'καθ' ἕνα' means 'one by one', and 'καθά' means 'just as' or 'according as'. The elision (dropping of the final vowel) occurs before a word beginning with a vowel and a rough breathing mark.

Inflection: Does not inflect (it is an elided form of a preposition)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: The word 'κατά' (kata) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'down' or 'against'. It is a common preposition in ancient Greek, indicating various relationships of position, direction, or standard.

G4172

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: POH-lin

Translations: city, a city

Notes: The word 'πόλιν' is the accusative singular form of the noun 'πόλις', meaning 'city'. It refers to a populated place, typically larger than a village, with a defined administrative structure. As an accusative case, it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions, indicating the destination or the object being acted upon. For example, one might 'go into the city' or 'see the city'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The word 'πόλις' comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to a fortified place or citadel. It developed to mean a city-state in ancient Greece, encompassing both the physical settlement and its citizens.

G4975

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: skheh-DON

Translations: almost, nearly, well-nigh, about, approximately

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'almost' or 'nearly'. It is used to indicate that something is very close to being true or happening, but not quite. It can modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, conveying a sense of approximation or proximity.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΓΓΥΣ, ΜΟΝΟΝ

Etymology: From the root of Ancient Greek 'σχεῖν' (scheîn), meaning 'to have, to hold, to be near'. It implies being 'close at hand' or 'nearly'.

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: EHF

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, because of, with, by

Notes: This word is an elided form of the Greek preposition ἘΠΊ (epi), which means 'on,' 'upon,' or 'over.' The final vowel of ἘΠΊ is dropped before a word beginning with a vowel, especially a rough breathing mark, resulting in ἘΦ. Its precise meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it means 'on' or 'upon' (of place or time); with the dative, it means 'on,' 'at,' 'by,' or 'for' (of position or cause); and with the accusative, it means 'on,' 'to,' 'against,' or 'over' (of motion or purpose). It is also commonly used as a prefix in compound words.

Inflection: Does not inflect; it is an elided form of the preposition ἘΠΊ. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs (Genitive, Dative, or Accusative).

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: dee-AH

Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G0109

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-eh-RON

Translations: of air, of the air, of the atmosphere, of the sky

Notes: This word is a noun referring to the lower atmosphere, the air we breathe, or the sky. It is used to describe the space above the earth, often in contrast to the heavens or the earth itself. It can also refer to the general atmosphere or a specific current of air.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΡΑΝΟΣ, ΑἸΘΗΡ

Etymology: The word ἈΗΡ (aer) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂weh₁- meaning 'to blow'. It refers to the lower atmosphere, distinct from the higher, purer air (αἰθήρ, aithēr).

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: dee-ah-KHROO-soos

Translations: golden, gilded, made of gold, gold-plated

Notes: This word is a compound adjective meaning 'golden' or 'gilded'. It describes something that is made of gold or covered in gold. It can be used to describe objects, clothing, or even people if they are adorned with gold. It implies a sense of richness or preciousness.

Inflection: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΧΡΥΣΕΟΣ, ΧΡΥΣΟΕΙΔΗΣ

Etymology: This is a compound word formed from the preposition ΔΙΑ (dia), meaning 'through' or 'by means of', and ΧΡΥΣΟΥΣ (chrysous), meaning 'golden'. The prefix intensifies or specifies the 'golden' quality.

G2192

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: EKH-on-tas

Translations: having, holding, possessing, those having, the ones holding

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. As a participle, it functions both as a verb, indicating an action, and as an adjective, modifying a noun. In this form, it describes individuals or things that are in the process of having or holding something.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΕΚΤΗΜΕΝΟΥΣ, ΚΑΤΕΧΟΝΤΑΣ

Etymology: The verb ἔχω (echō) comes from Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ-, meaning 'to hold, to have'. It is a fundamental verb in Greek, with cognates in other Indo-European languages.

G2532

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G1884

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ex-OH-pliz-meh-NOOS

Translations: armed, fully armed, equipped, fully equipped

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been fully armed' or 'having been equipped'. It describes someone or something that has been completely prepared for battle or a task, often implying a thorough and complete readiness. It is used to describe individuals or groups who are in a state of being fully armed or equipped.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Accusative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΩΠΛΙΣΜΕΝΟΥΣ, ΚΑΘΩΠΛΙΣΜΕΝΟΥΣ

G1299

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: dee-ah-teh-tag-MEH-nas

Translations: arranged, ordered, appointed, commanded

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been arranged' or 'having been ordered'. It describes something that has been set in order, appointed, or commanded. As a participle, it functions adjectivally, modifying a noun, or adverbially, describing the manner of an action.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine, Perfect, Passive

Synonyms: ΤΕΤΑΓΜΕΝΑΣ, ΔΙΑΚΕΚΡΙΜΕΝΑΣ

Etymology: The word διατάσσω (diatassō) is a compound word formed from διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and τάσσω (tassō), meaning 'to arrange' or 'to put in order'. Thus, it means 'to arrange thoroughly' or 'to set in order'.

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: gih-NOH-meh-nahs

Translations: becoming, happening, being, coming to pass, occurring, being made, being done

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ginomai', meaning 'to become', 'to happen', or 'to come into being'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing something that is in the process of becoming or happening. It can refer to things that are currently happening, things that are being made, or events that are occurring.

Inflection: Feminine, Plural, Accusative

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΑΣ, ΕΡΧΟΜΕΝΑΣ, ΣΥΜΒΑΙΝΟΥΣΑΣ

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kah-tah-DROH-mas

Translations: incursion, raid, attack, a raid, an attack

Notes: This word refers to a hostile running down, an incursion, or a raid. It describes a swift and often aggressive movement into enemy territory or against an opponent, typically for the purpose of plunder or destruction. It is a compound word formed from κατά (down, against) and δρόμος (a running, course).

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΔΡΟΜΗ, ΕΦΟΔΟΣ, ΠΡΟΣΒΟΛΗ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΑΔΡΟΜΗ is derived from the prefix κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and δρόμος (dromos), meaning 'a running' or 'course'. It literally means 'a running down' or 'a running against'.

G2873

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kah-MAH-tohn

Translations: of toil, of labor, of weariness, of trouble, of suffering, of hardship

Notes: This word refers to the result of hard work, such as toil, labor, or the weariness and trouble that come from it. It can also denote suffering or hardship. It is typically used to describe the difficulties or exertions one experiences.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΟΠΩΝ, ΜΟΧΘΩΝ, ΠΟΝΩΝ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΜΑΤΟΣ comes from the verb κάμνω (kamnō), meaning 'to work, to toil, to be weary'.

G2889

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kos-MOHN

Translations: of the world, of the universe, of the adornment, of the order

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the noun 'kosmos'. It refers to the world, the universe, or an ordered arrangement, including adornment or decoration. In this form, it indicates possession or origin, meaning 'of worlds' or 'of adornments', depending on the context.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΙΩΝΩΝ, ΓΗΣ

Etymology: From the verb κοσμέω (kosmeō), meaning 'to arrange, to order, to adorn'. The noun form refers to an ordered system, especially the universe, or to an adornment.

G1583

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ek-LAM-psis

Translations: shining forth, flashes, gleams, splendors

Notes: This word refers to a shining forth, a sudden flash of light, or a brilliant gleam. It can describe the appearance of something bright or splendid. It is a compound word formed from 'ἐκ' (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and 'λάμπω' (lampō), meaning 'to shine'.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΨΕΙΣ, ΑΥΓΑΙ, ΦΩΤΑ

Etymology: The root word ΕΚΛΑΜΠΩ (eklampō) comes from the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb λάμπω (lampō), meaning 'to shine' or 'to give light'. It describes the action of light emanating or breaking forth.

G3845

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PAN-toy-oos

Translations: of every kind, various, manifold, all sorts of

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'of every kind' or 'various'. It describes something that encompasses a wide range or variety of types. It can be used to qualify nouns, indicating that the noun comes in many different forms or sorts.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΠΟΙΚΙΛΟΣ, ΠΟΛΥΠΟΙΚΙΛΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΠΑΝΤΟΙΟΣ (pantoios) is derived from πᾶς (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every', combined with a suffix indicating 'of a kind'. It signifies 'of all kinds' or 'of every sort'.

G2382

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: thoh-rah-kees-MOOS

Translations: armor, breastplate, a breastplate

Notes: This word refers to a piece of defensive armor, specifically a breastplate or cuirass, worn to protect the torso. It is used in a general sense to denote protective covering, often in a military context.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΘΩΡΑΞ, ΑΣΠΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΘΩΡΑΚΙΣΜΟΣ (thōrakismos) is derived from the verb θωρακίζω (thōrakizō), meaning 'to arm with a breastplate' or 'to protect', which itself comes from the noun θώραξ (thōrax), meaning 'breastplate' or 'cuirass'.

G1352

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: DEE-oh

Translations: therefore, wherefore, for this reason, on account of which

Notes: This is a compound conjunction formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'on account of', and the relative pronoun ὅ (ho), meaning 'which'. It is used to introduce a consequence or conclusion, indicating that what follows is a result of what has just been stated. It functions similarly to 'therefore' or 'for this reason' in English.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΑ ΤΟΥΤΟ, ΟΥΝ, ΑΡΑ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'on account of', and the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅ (ho), meaning 'which'.

G0515

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ay-xee-OON

Translations: they were thinking worthy, they were deeming worthy, they were demanding, they were asking, they were requesting

Notes: This word is the third person plural imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'axioō'. It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past. It means 'to deem worthy,' 'to consider worthy,' 'to demand,' 'to ask,' or 'to request.' It implies that the subjects were considering something or someone to be deserving of a particular action or status, or that they were making a strong request or demand.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΑΙΤΕΩ, ΖΗΤΕΩ, ΔΕΟΜΑΙ

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: ep

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, by, before, among, concerning, with

Notes: This word is a preposition, often used as a prefix in compound words. It is a shortened form of the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), which loses its final vowel when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark. Its precise meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it often means 'on, upon, over' (of place) or 'at, during' (of time); with the dative, it can mean 'on, at, by' (of place), 'in addition to', or 'for, because of'; and with the accusative, it typically means 'to, toward, against' (of motion) or 'over, upon' (of extent).

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ὙΠΕΡ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ (epi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'on, at, near'.

G0018

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ah-ga-THOH

Translations: good, a good thing, a good person, good things, of good things, to good things

Notes: This word describes something or someone as good, beneficial, or virtuous. It can function as an adjective, modifying a noun, or as a substantive noun, referring to 'a good thing' or 'good things' in general. In the provided form, it is either a dative singular (to/for the good/good thing) or a genitive/dative plural (of/to/for good things).

Inflection: Dative, Singular, Masculine or Neuter; or Genitive, Plural, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter; or Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΟΣ, ΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: geh-geh-NEES-thai

Translations: to have become, to have been, to have been born, to have happened, to have come into being

Notes: This is the perfect middle or passive infinitive form of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai). It signifies an action that has been completed in the past and whose results continue into the present. It can be used to express that something has come into existence, has occurred, or has been born. For example, it might be used in a sentence like 'He believed it to have happened' or 'It was thought to have been born'.

Inflection: Perfect, Middle or Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΓΕΓΟΝΕΝΑΙ, ΓΕΝΕΣΘΑΙ

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: geh-no-MEH-nays

Translations: (of) having become, (of) having happened, (of) being, (of) coming into existence, (of) being born, (of) being made

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become,' 'to happen,' 'to come into existence,' or 'to be made.' As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is in the process of occurring, often functioning like a verbal adjective or an adverbial clause. In this form, it indicates a feminine singular genitive relationship, often translated as 'of having become' or 'when it became' in a genitive absolute construction.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine, Aorist Middle Participle

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΕΣΘΑΙ, ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΟΝ

G2981

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: lah-LEE-ahs

Translations: of speech, of talk, of conversation, of utterance, of a saying, of a report, of a rumor

Notes: This word refers to speech, talk, or conversation. It can also denote a specific saying, an utterance, or even a report or rumor. It is used to describe the act or content of speaking.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΛΟΓΟΣ, ΡΗΜΑ, ΦΩΝΗ

Etymology: The word derives from the verb λαλέω (laleō), meaning 'to speak' or 'to talk'. Its origin is likely onomatopoeic, imitating the sound of babbling or chattering.

G5613

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G3337

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: meh-tal-LAKH-oh-toss

Translations: of having changed, of having departed, of having died, of the one who has died

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'metallassō', meaning 'to change' or 'to exchange'. In the context of life, it often refers to 'departing from life' or 'dying'. As a genitive masculine singular participle, it describes the action of 'one who has changed' or 'one who has died', often implying 'of the deceased' or 'of the one who departed'. It is used to refer to someone who has passed away.

Inflection: Participle, Aorist, Active, Genitive, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΘΝΗΣΚΩ, ΤΕΛΕΥΤΑΩ

G0491

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: an-TEE-o-khoo

Translations: of Antiochus

Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to Antiochus, a common name among Hellenistic kings and other notable figures, particularly in the Seleucid Empire. It is used to indicate possession or origin, similar to saying 'of Antiochus' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: From Ancient Greek Ἀντίοχος (Antíokhos), meaning 'resisting' or 'steadfast'. It is a compound name derived from ἀντί (antí, 'against, in front of') and ἔχω (ékhō, 'to have, to hold').

G3880

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: pa-ra-la-BOHN

Translations: having received, having taken, having taken along, having taken aside, having taken over, having taken possession of

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'παραλαμβάνω' (paralambanō), meaning 'to receive' or 'to take alongside'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is ongoing, often functioning like an adjective or adverb in a sentence. It can imply taking something into one's possession, taking someone with oneself, or taking over a responsibility or role. The specific nuance depends on the context.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative Masculine Singular

Synonyms: ΛΑΒΩΝ, ΔΕΞΑΜΕΝΟΣ, ΚΟΜΙΣΑΜΕΝΟΣ

G2394

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-AH-sone

Translations: Jason

Notes: This is a common Greek proper name, equivalent to 'Jason' in English. It refers to a male individual. In the New Testament, it refers to a Christian in Thessalonica who hosted Paul and Silas, and also to the author of a five-volume history of the Maccabean revolt.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name 'Jason' is derived from the Greek verb 'ἰάομαι' (iaomai), meaning 'to heal' or 'to cure'. Thus, the name carries the connotation of 'healer' or 'one who heals'.

G3756

Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΉ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.

G1642

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: eh-LAHT-toos

Translations: less, smaller, fewer, a lesser one, a smaller one

Notes: This word is a comparative adjective meaning 'less', 'smaller', or 'fewer'. It is used to indicate a smaller quantity, size, or importance compared to something else. It often functions similarly to the English 'less than' or 'fewer than' when used in a comparative context.

Inflection: Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine, Plural

Synonyms: ΜΕΙΖΩΝ, ΗΣΣΩΝ

Etymology: From the root ἐλάχυστος (elachystos), meaning 'least', which is the superlative form of a lost positive adjective. It is related to the concept of smallness or deficiency.

G5505

Part of Speech: Numeral

Sounds like: khee-LEE-ohn

Translations: of a thousand, of thousands

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the numeral 'thousand'. It is used to indicate possession or origin related to a quantity of one thousand, or simply 'of thousands'. For example, it could be used in phrases like 'the strength of a thousand men' or 'from thousands of years'.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders

Etymology: The word 'χίλιοι' (chilioi) comes from the Ancient Greek 'χίλιοι' (khílioi), meaning 'thousand'. Its ultimate origin is uncertain, but it is believed to be pre-Greek or from an unknown source.

G1823

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: ef-ni-DEE-ohs

Translations: suddenly, unexpectedly, without warning, all of a sudden

Notes: This adverb describes an action or event that occurs suddenly, without any prior notice or expectation. It emphasizes the element of surprise and the lack of preparation for what is about to happen. It can be used to describe a sudden attack, a sudden appearance, or any other abrupt occurrence.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑἸΦΝΙΔΙΩΣ, ἘΞΑΊΦΝΗΣ, ἈΠΡΟΣΔΟΚΗΤΩΣ

Etymology: Derived from the adjective ἔφνιδιος (ephnidios), meaning 'sudden' or 'unexpected'. The suffix -ως (-ōs) is commonly used to form adverbs from adjectives in Greek.

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to

Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.

G4931

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-eh-teh-LEH-sah-toh

Translations: completed, finished, accomplished, brought to an end

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb 'τελέω' (teleō), meaning 'to finish' or 'to bring to an end'. It means to complete, finish, or accomplish something fully. It is used to describe the act of bringing a task, process, or event to its conclusion.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Indicative Mood, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΤΕΛΕΩ, ΠΕΡΑΙΝΩ, ΕΚΤΕΛΕΩ

G4916

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: soon-eh-las-THEN-tohn

Translations: having been driven together, having been gathered, having been assembled, of those having been driven together, of those having been gathered, of those having been assembled

Notes: This word is a compound participle derived from the verb 'συνελαύνω' (synelaunō), meaning 'to drive together' or 'to gather'. It describes a group of people or things that have been brought together or assembled. As a genitive plural participle, it often functions to describe the possessor or source of something, or to indicate a group of people 'of whom' something is true.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Plural

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΓΟΜΕΝΩΝ, ΣΥΝΕΡΧΟΜΕΝΩΝ

G5056

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: TEH-los

Translations: end, a goal, a purpose, an outcome, a completion, a tax, a custom, a duty

Notes: This word refers to an end, a goal, a purpose, or the completion of something. It can also refer to a tax or custom duty. It is often used to denote the conclusion of an event or process, or the ultimate aim or objective. In some contexts, it refers to the payment of tribute or taxes.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΑΣ, ΣΥΝΤΕΛΕΙΑ, ΤΕΛΕΥΤΗ

Etymology: The word ΤΕΛΟΣ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to turn, to accomplish, to fulfill'. It is related to words signifying completion, fulfillment, and the end of a process.

G2235

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: AY-day

Translations: already, now, by this time, forthwith, even now

Notes: This word is an adverb used to indicate that something has happened or is happening at the present moment, or has happened prior to the present moment. It can convey a sense of immediacy or completion. For example, it can mean 'already' when referring to something that has taken place, or 'now' when emphasizing the current time.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΝΥΝ, ΑΥΤΙΚΑ, ΕΥΘΕΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁eh₂dʰ- (to be present, to be here). It is related to the demonstrative pronoun 'ho' (this) and the particle 'de' (now, indeed).

G2638

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: kah-tah-lam-bah-NO-men-ays

Translations: being overtaken, being seized, being apprehended, being grasped, being understood

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'katalambanō', meaning 'to seize', 'to grasp', 'to overtake', 'to apprehend', or 'to understand'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that is happening to or by the subject. It indicates a state of being overtaken, seized, or understood, often implying that something is happening to the subject or that the subject is in the process of understanding or grasping something.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΟΜΑΙ

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: meh-NEH-lah-oss

Translations: Menelaus

Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to Menelaus, a prominent figure in Greek mythology, king of Sparta, and husband of Helen of Troy. It can also refer to historical figures with the same name, such as the high priest Menelaus mentioned in 2 Maccabees. It is used as the subject of a sentence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Menelaus is of Ancient Greek origin, meaning 'withstanding the people' or 'leader of the people'. It is derived from 'menos' (strength, spirit) and 'laos' (people).

G0001

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-KRO-po-lin

Translations: acropolis, a citadel, a fortress

Notes: This word refers to the highest and most fortified part of an ancient Greek city, often built on a hill. It served as a defensive stronghold and often contained important temples and public buildings. It is a compound word formed from 'ἄκρος' (akros), meaning 'highest' or 'uppermost', and 'πόλις' (polis), meaning 'city'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΚΡΑ, ΦΡΟΥΡΙΟΝ, ΠΟΛΙΣ

Etymology: The word 'ΑΚΡΟΠΟΛΙΣ' is a compound of two Greek words: 'ἄκρος' (akros), meaning 'highest' or 'uppermost', and 'πόλις' (polis), meaning 'city'. It literally translates to 'highest city' or 'city on the edge'.

G4160

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-POY-ay-toh

Translations: was making, was doing, made, did, was producing, was performing

Notes: This word is the imperfect middle or passive indicative form of the verb 'poieō'. It describes an action that was ongoing or repeated in the past. In the middle voice, it means 'was making for oneself' or 'was doing for oneself'. In the passive voice, it means 'was being made' or 'was being done'. The context usually clarifies whether it's middle or passive.

Inflection: Imperfect, Middle or Passive, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ

G4967

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: sfa-GAS

Translations: slaughter, a slaughter, massacre, a massacre, carnage, a carnage, sacrifice, a sacrifice

Notes: This word refers to the act of slaughter, often in a violent context such as a massacre or carnage. It can also refer to the act of sacrifice, particularly in a religious or ritualistic sense. It is typically used to describe a large-scale killing or the violent death of many.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΦΟΝΟΣ, ΑΝΑΙΡΕΣΙΣ, ΣΦΑΓΙΟΝ

Etymology: The word ΣΦΑΓΗ comes from the verb σφάζω (sphazō), meaning 'to slay' or 'to slaughter'.

G2398

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ee-DEE-ohn

Translations: of one's own, of private things, of peculiar things

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'ἴδιος' (idios). It refers to something that is one's own, private, or peculiar to an individual or group. It is often used to emphasize possession or a unique characteristic. For example, it can mean 'their own' or 'his own' when referring to possessions or personal matters.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΥ̓ΤΩΝ, ἙΑΥΤΩΝ

Etymology: The word ἴδιος (idios) comes from Proto-Indo-European *swe-dʰ-yo-, meaning 'one's own'. It is related to the reflexive pronoun 'self' and emphasizes personal possession or distinctiveness.

G869

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: ah-FEYE-dohss

Translations: unsparingly, without sparing, mercilessly, ruthlessly, lavishly

Notes: This word describes an action performed without holding back, without mercy, or without economizing. It indicates that something is done freely, abundantly, or with a lack of restraint, often in a negative sense like 'mercilessly' or 'ruthlessly', but can also mean 'lavishly' or 'generously' when referring to giving.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΝΕΛΕΗΤΩΣ, ΑΣΠΛΑΓΧΝΩΣ, ΑΦΘΟΝΩΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΦΕΙΔΩΣ is derived from the adjective ἈΦΕΙΔΗΣ (unsparing), which is formed from the negative prefix ἀ- (a-) and the verb φείδομαι (pheídomai), meaning 'to spare' or 'to be sparing'.

G4936

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: soon-NOH-ohn

Translations: considering, understanding, perceiving, comprehending, reflecting, thinking about, pondering

Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb ΣΥΝΝΟΕΩ, meaning 'to consider together, to understand, to perceive'. It describes an action of thinking or reflecting that is ongoing or simultaneous with the main action of the sentence. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb, indicating the subject is in the act of considering or understanding.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΝΟΕΩ, ΣΥΝΙΗΜΙ, ΚΑΤΑΝΟΕΩ

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G4773

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: syng-ge-NEYS

Translations: related, kindred, kinsfolk, relatives, a relative, kinsmen, a kinsman

Notes: This word describes someone who is related by birth or family, indicating a familial connection. It can be used as an adjective to describe something as 'related' or 'kindred,' or more commonly as a noun to refer to 'relatives' or 'kinsfolk.' It is a compound word formed from 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together,' and 'γένος' (genos), meaning 'race, family, or kind,' emphasizing the shared origin or family tie.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΥΓΓΕΝΗΣ, ΣΥΓΓΕΝΕΙΣ

G2110

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: yoo-ay-may-REE-an

Translations: prosperity, good fortune, success, a prosperous time

Notes: This word refers to a state of prosperity, good fortune, or success. It describes a period or condition of well-being and favorable circumstances. It is often used to contrast with misfortune or adversity.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΥ̓ΠΡΑΓΙΑ, ΕΥ̓ΤΥΧΙΑ

Etymology: From the Greek adjective εὐήμερος (euēmeros), meaning 'prosperous, fortunate', which is a compound of εὖ (eu, 'well') and ἡμέρα (hēmera, 'day'). Thus, it literally means 'having good days' or 'good day-ness'.

G1433

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: dys-ay-may-REE-an

Translations: misfortune, adversity, bad times, a misfortune, an adversity

Notes: This word refers to a state of misfortune, adversity, or bad times. It is a compound word formed from the prefix "δυσ-" (dys-), meaning "bad" or "difficult," and "ἡμέρα" (hēmera), meaning "day." Thus, it literally means "bad day" or "difficult day," referring to a period of hardship. It is used to describe unfortunate circumstances or a time of distress.

Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΠΡΑΓΙΑ, ΣΥΜΦΟΡΑ, ΑΤΥΧΙΑ

G1380

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: doh-KOHN

Translations: seeming, thinking, supposing, appearing, considering, imagining

Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'δοκέω' (dokeō), meaning 'to seem', 'to think', 'to suppose', or 'to appear'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action or state related to the main verb of a sentence. It can convey the idea of 'he who thinks', 'they who seem', or 'while supposing'. It often indicates a subjective perception or opinion.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative, Present, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΝΟΜΙΖΩΝ, ΗΓΟΥΜΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: From the root 'δοκ-' (dok-), related to 'δέχομαι' (dechomai, to receive), suggesting an original sense of 'what is received' or 'what is accepted as true'.

G3662

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ho-mo-ETH-non

Translations: of the same nation, of the same people, fellow countrymen

Notes: This word is a compound adjective meaning 'of the same nation' or 'of the same people'. It refers to individuals who share a common ethnic or national background. It is used to describe people who are fellow countrymen or belong to the same race or tribe.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΥΓΓΕΝΗΣ, ΟΜΟΦΥΛΟΣ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the prefix ΟΜΟ- (homo-), meaning 'same' or 'like', and ΕΘΝΟΣ (ethnos), meaning 'nation' or 'people'.

G5167

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: tro-PAI-ah

Translations: trophies, monuments of victory, victories

Notes: This word refers to a trophy or a monument erected to commemorate a victory, especially in battle. It signifies a turning point in a conflict, leading to triumph. In ancient times, a trophy was often a collection of captured arms and standards set up on the battlefield.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΝΙΚΗ, ΕΠΑΘΛΟΝ, ΚΑΤΟΡΘΩΜΑ

Etymology: The word ΤΡΟΠΑΙΟΝ (tropaion) comes from the Greek word ΤΡΟΠΗ (tropē), meaning 'a turning' or 'a rout'. It refers to the turning point of a battle where the enemy is routed, leading to victory and the erection of a trophy.

G2598

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-bal-LEH-sthai

Translations: to throw down, to cast down, to lay down, to overthrow, to defeat, to be thrown down, to be cast down, to be overthrown, to be defeated, to lie down, to be founded

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (down) and the verb ΒΑΛΛΩ (to throw). In its active voice, it means to throw down, cast down, or overthrow. In the middle or passive voice, as seen in this infinitive form, it can mean to be thrown down, to be cast down, to be overthrown, or to lie down. It can also be used in the sense of laying a foundation or establishing something.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΡΙΠΤΩ, ΚΑΘΑΙΡΕΩ, ΘΕΜΕΛΙΟΩ

G3303

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN

Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however

Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G1917

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: eh-pee-boo-LEES

Translations: of a plot, of a conspiracy, of a design, of a scheme, of an ambush

Notes: This word refers to a plot, conspiracy, or treacherous design, often with malicious intent. It describes a secret plan or scheme, typically to harm someone or achieve an illicit goal. It is used to describe the nature of such a plan.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΟΛΟΣ, ΜΗΧΑΝΗ, ΣΥΝΩΜΟΣΙΑ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙΒΟΥΛΗ (epiboulē) is a compound word derived from the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'against', and the noun ΒΟΥΛΗ (boulē), meaning 'counsel', 'plan', or 'will'. Thus, it literally means 'a plan against' or 'a counsel upon'.

G2983

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: lah-BOHN

Translations: taking, having taken, receiving, having received, seizing, having seized

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take,' 'to receive,' or 'to seize.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. It often indicates the means or circumstance by which another action takes place. For example, 'having taken the book, he read it' or 'receiving the gift, she smiled.'

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Singular, Masculine, Nominative

Synonyms: ΚΟΜΙΣΑΜΕΝΟΣ, ΔΕΞΑΜΕΝΟΣ, ΕΙΛΗΦΩΣ

G5432

Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: FY-gas

Translations: fugitive, a fugitive, exile, an exile, banished, a banished person

Notes: This word refers to someone who has fled or been banished from their home or country, often due to political reasons or a crime. It can be used as a noun to describe such a person or as an adjective to describe someone as being in a state of exile or banishment.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine or Feminine, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΦΥΓΑΔΕΥΣ, ΕΞΟΡΙΣΤΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb φεύγω (pheugō), meaning 'to flee' or 'to escape'.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: am-mah-NEE-tin

Translations: Ammanitis, Ammonitis

Notes: This word refers to the region of Ammonitis, also known as Ammon. It was an ancient kingdom located east of the Jordan River, primarily inhabited by the Ammonites. In the provided context, it is used to indicate a destination or place of refuge.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The name 'Ammanitis' is derived from 'Ammon', referring to the ancient people and kingdom of Ammon. The suffix '-itis' is a common Greek ending used to form names of regions or lands associated with a particular people or place.

G4009

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PEH-ras

Translations: end, a limit, a boundary, a goal, a conclusion

Notes: This word refers to an end, a limit, or a boundary. It can denote the termination of something, a physical border, or the ultimate goal or conclusion of an action or process. It is often used to indicate that something is without limit or endless when combined with a negative.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΤΕΛΟΣ, ΟΡΙΟΝ, ΣΥΝΤΕΛΕΙΑ

Etymology: From the root *per-, meaning 'to pass through, to go beyond'. It refers to the point where one passes through or reaches the limit.

G3767

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OON

Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.

G5177

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-TOO-khen

Translations: he happened, it happened, he obtained, it obtained, he received, it received, he met, it met

Notes: This word is the aorist active indicative third person singular form of the verb 'τυγχάνω' (tynchanō). It means 'he/she/it happened' or 'he/she/it obtained/received/met'. It is often used to describe an event that occurred by chance or to indicate that someone came into possession of something or encountered someone/something.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΕΥΡΙΣΚΩ

G1457

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: eng-KLEIS-thees

Translations: having been shut in, having been enclosed, having been imprisoned, having been confined

Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle derived from the verb 'ἐγκλείω' (egkleiō), meaning 'to shut in' or 'to enclose'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred to the subject, functioning like an adjective or adverb. It is a compound word formed from 'ἐν' (en, 'in') and 'κλείω' (kleiō, 'to shut'). Therefore, it literally means 'to shut in'. It is used to describe someone or something that has been confined, enclosed, or imprisoned.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΚΛΕΙΣΘΕΙΣ, ΣΥΓΚΛΕΙΣΘΕΙΣ

G4314

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G0717

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ar-ra-BOHN

Translations: pledge, a pledge, earnest, a down payment, security

Notes: This word refers to a pledge, a down payment, or earnest money given as security for a future transaction or as a guarantee that a promise will be fulfilled. It signifies a part of a payment or a gift that confirms a larger, future payment or gift. It is often used in the context of a binding agreement or a promise of something to come.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ἘΓΓΥΗ, ΠΙΣΤΙΣ, ἈΡΡΕΒΩΝ

Etymology: This word is of Semitic (Hebrew or Phoenician) origin, likely from the Hebrew word 'ʿērābôn' (עֵרָבוֹן), meaning 'pledge' or 'security'. It entered Greek through trade and cultural exchange.

G5343

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: PHEV-gohn

Translations: fleeing, running away, escaping, a fugitive, one who flees

Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb 'φεύγω' (pheugō), meaning 'to flee' or 'to run away'. As a participle, it describes an ongoing action and can function adjectivally (describing a noun, e.g., 'the fleeing man') or substantively (acting as a noun, e.g., 'the one who is fleeing' or 'a fugitive'). It indicates someone currently in the act of fleeing or escaping.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine or Feminine, Nominative, Singular; or Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Singular

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΡΑΣΚΩ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΡΑΣΚΩ

G1377

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: dee-oh-KO-meh-nos

Translations: being pursued, being chased, being persecuted

Notes: This word is a present passive participle, meaning 'being pursued' or 'being persecuted'. It describes someone who is currently the object of pursuit, whether literally being chased or figuratively being persecuted. It indicates an ongoing action being done to the subject.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΔΙΩΚΟΜΕΝΟΣ, ΕΚΔΙΩΚΟΜΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΔΙΩΚΩ (diōkō) comes from an ancient root meaning 'to run swiftly' or 'to pursue'. It evolved to encompass meanings of chasing, pursuing, and persecuting.

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-POH

Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.

G4785

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: sty-GOO-meh-nos

Translations: being hated, hated, detested, a hated one

Notes: This word is a present passive participle derived from the verb 'ΣΤΥΓΕΩ' (stygeō), meaning 'to hate' or 'to detest'. As a passive participle, it describes someone or something that is the object of hatred or detestation. It can function as an adjective, modifying a noun, or as a substantive, referring to 'the one who is hated' or 'that which is detested'.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΜΙΣΟΥΜΕΝΟΣ, ΑΠΕΧΘΑΝΟΜΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΣΤΥΓΕΩ (stygeō) comes from the ancient Greek word στύγος (stygos), meaning 'hatred' or 'detestation'. It is related to the mythological river Styx, which was associated with dread and the underworld.

G0667

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-pos-TAH-tays

Translations: apostate, rebel, a rebel, deserter, a deserter

Notes: This word refers to someone who abandons their religious faith, political party, or cause. It describes a person who has defected or revolted from a previously held allegiance or belief. It is a compound word derived from 'ἀπό' (away from) and 'ἵστημι' (to stand), literally meaning 'one who stands away from'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ἈΝΤΑΡΤΗΣ, ἈΠΟΦΥΓΑΣ, ἈΝΤΙΣΤΑΣΙΑΣΤΗΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΠΟΣΤΑΤΗΣ is derived from the Greek verb ἀφίστημι (aphistēmi), meaning 'to stand off, to revolt, to withdraw'. It is formed from the prefix ἀπό (apo), meaning 'away from', and the root of ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand'.

G1216

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: DAY-mee-os

Translations: public, common, a public servant, an executioner, a hangman, a torturer

Notes: This word describes something belonging to the public or common. As a noun, it refers to a public servant, often specifically an executioner or torturer, someone who carries out public sentences or duties, especially those involving punishment. It can be used to describe something that is done openly or for the community.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΚΟΙΝΟΣ, ΔΗΜΟΤΙΚΟΣ

Etymology: From δῆμος (dēmos, “the common people, the populace”). It refers to that which pertains to the people or the public.

G1570

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eks-eb-RAS-thay

Translations: was cast out, was thrown out, was spewed out, was washed ashore

Notes: This word describes something being forcefully cast out, thrown out, or spewed forth, often with a sense of being expelled or ejected. It can also refer to something being washed ashore by waves, like debris from the sea. It is typically used in a passive sense, indicating that the subject is receiving the action of being cast out.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΚΒΑΛΛΩ, ΡΙΠΤΩ

Etymology: The word ἐκβράζω (ekbrazō) is a compound word formed from the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from,' and βράζω (brazō), meaning 'to boil,' 'to bubble,' or 'to cast forth.' The combination suggests the idea of something being violently expelled or thrown out, as if boiling over.

G0670

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ah-pox-eh-NO-sas

Translations: alienated, estranged, having alienated, having estranged

Notes: This word describes the action of alienating or estranging someone or something, often implying a separation or removal from a previous state of belonging or familiarity. It is a compound word formed from 'ἀπό' (away from) and 'ξενόω' (to make a stranger). In this form, it is a participle, indicating an action that has been completed by the subject.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ἈΠΑΛΛΟΤΡΙΌΩ, ΞΕΝΌΩ

G3581

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: XEH-nays

Translations: (of) a stranger, (of) a foreigner, (of) a host, (of) a guest, (of) a strange land, (of) a foreign land

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the adjective and noun 'ξένος' (xenos), meaning 'stranger,' 'foreigner,' 'guest,' or 'host.' In this genitive feminine singular form, it often implies 'of a foreign land' or 'abroad,' especially when used with prepositions like 'ἐπί' (epi), as seen in the examples provided. It describes something belonging to or characteristic of a stranger or a foreign place.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΟΤΡΙΟΣ, ΠΑΡΟΙΚΟΣ

G0321

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-nakh-THEIS

Translations: having been led up, having put to sea, having set sail, having been brought up, having been taken up

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'anago', meaning 'to lead up' or 'to put to sea'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred and functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun. In its passive form, it indicates that the subject is the one being led up or put to sea. It is often used in contexts of embarking on a journey by sea or being brought to a higher place.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΠΛΕΥΣΑΣ, ἘΚΠΛΕΥΣΑΣ

Etymology: The word ἀνάγω (anagō) is a compound word formed from the prefix ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'again', and the verb ἄγω (agō), meaning 'to lead' or 'to bring'.

G5177

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: tef-XOH-meh-nos

Translations: about to obtain, going to obtain, who will obtain, about to meet, going to meet, who will meet, about to happen, going to happen, who will happen

Notes: This word is a future participle derived from the verb τυγχάνω (tynchanō), meaning 'to obtain,' 'to meet,' or 'to happen.' As a future participle, it indicates an action that is about to occur or is intended to occur. It functions like an adjective, describing someone or something that is 'about to obtain' or 'going to meet' something.

Inflection: Future, Middle/Passive Voice, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΛΗΨΟΜΕΝΟΣ, ΕΥΡΗΣΟΜΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word τυγχάνω (tynchanō) comes from Proto-Indo-European, related to concepts of hitting a mark or obtaining something by chance.

G4128

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PLAY-thoss

Translations: multitude, a multitude, crowd, a crowd, great number, abundance, a great number

Notes: This word refers to a large number or quantity of people or things. It can be used to describe a crowd of people, a large amount of something, or a general abundance. For example, it might refer to a large gathering of disciples or a great quantity of fish.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΧΛΟΣ, ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΑΓΕΛΗ

Etymology: From the Greek root *pleth-* meaning 'to be full' or 'to fill'. It is related to words indicating fullness or abundance.

G0826

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-TAH-fone

Translations: (of) unburied, (of) unburied ones, (of) those without burial

Notes: This word describes something or someone that is unburied or has not received proper burial rites. It is often used in ancient texts to refer to the bodies of the dead that have been left exposed, without the customary funeral ceremonies or interment. It emphasizes the lack of a proper burial.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders

Synonyms: ἈΚΗΔΕΥΤΟΣ, ἈΘΑΠΤΟΣ

Etymology: From the prefix 'α-' (a-), meaning 'not' or 'without', and 'ταφος' (taphos), meaning 'burial' or 'grave'. Thus, it literally means 'without burial'.

G0548

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-pen-THAY-tos

Translations: unmourned, unlamented, without mourning, without grief

Notes: This is a compound adjective formed from the privative prefix 'ἀ-' (a-, meaning 'not' or 'without') and 'πενθητός' (penthetos, meaning 'mourned' or 'lamented'). It describes someone or something that is not mourned or lamented, or a state of being without grief or mourning. It can be used to describe a person who dies without anyone to grieve for them, or a situation where sorrow is absent.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ἈΛΥΠΟΣ, ἈΘΡΗΝΗΤΟΣ

Etymology: From the privative alpha (ἀ-) and the verb πενθέω (pentheō, 'to mourn'). It literally means 'not mourned' or 'without mourning'.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-geh-NEE-thay

Translations: was, became, happened, came to pass, occurred, was made

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist indicative passive (or deponent middle) form of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become,' 'to happen,' 'to come into being,' or 'to be made.' It describes an action that occurred in the past, indicating a change of state or an event taking place. For example, it can be used to say 'he/she/it became' or 'it happened.'

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive (or Deponent Middle), 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΣΥΜΒΑΙΝΩ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ

G3761

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: OOD

Translations: not, no, nor, neither, not even

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It is often used in combination with other negative words to strengthen the negation, such as in the phrase "οὐ μή" (ou mē), which conveys a strong, emphatic negation, often translated as "never" or "by no means." It can also function as a conjunction meaning "nor" or "neither," connecting two negative clauses or ideas.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΜΗ

Etymology: From the negative particle οὐ (ou) and the particle δέ (de), meaning 'but' or 'and'. It emphasizes the negation.

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: HAY-stee-nos

Translations: any, any one, any kind of, any sort of

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'any' or 'any one'. It is used to indicate an unspecified or indefinite person or thing, similar to 'anyone' or 'anything' in English. It can be used to emphasize the lack of something or the presence of something, regardless of its specific identity.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΤΙΣ, ΕΙΣ

Etymology: The etymology of ἥστινος (hēstinos) is not clearly documented in standard Koine Greek lexicons as a common, standalone word. It appears to be a rare or possibly a variant/compound form. It is likely related to the indefinite pronoun τις (tis, 'anyone, someone') or the demonstrative pronoun ὅστις (hostis, 'whoever, whatever').

G3966

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: pa-TROH-oo

Translations: (of) a father, (of) paternal, (of) ancestral, (of) hereditary

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'of a father', 'paternal', 'ancestral', or 'hereditary'. It describes something that belongs to or is inherited from a father or ancestors. It is used to qualify nouns, indicating their origin or connection to a paternal lineage or tradition.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΑΤΡΙΚΟΣ, ΠΑΤΡΙΚΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΠΑΤΡΩΟΣ (patroos) comes from the Greek word ΠΑΤΗΡ (patēr), meaning 'father'. It refers to something belonging to or derived from a father or ancestors.

G4363

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pros-pes-ON-ton

Translations: of those who fell down, of those who prostrated themselves, of those who fell upon, of those who approached

Notes: This word is a compound participle derived from the verb 'προσπίπτω' (prospiptō), meaning 'to fall upon,' 'to fall down before,' or 'to prostrate oneself.' It describes an action of falling or prostrating, often in supplication, worship, or to embrace someone. In this form, it indicates 'of those who performed this action.'

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΙΠΤΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΥΝΕΩ

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ge-go-NO-ton

Translations: of those who have become, of those who have happened, of those who have been, of things that have happened, of things that have been done

Notes: This word is the genitive plural perfect participle of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become,' 'to happen,' or 'to be.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, describing someone or something that has undergone the action of becoming or happening. In this form, it refers to 'of those who have become/happened' or 'of things that have happened/been done,' often implying a completed state or event.

Inflection: Perfect, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΝΤΩΝ, ΥΠΑΡΧΟΝΤΩΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to come into being' or 'to be born.' It is related to the English word 'kin' and 'genesis'.

G1259

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-eh-LAH-ben

Translations: he took, she took, it took, he received, she received, it received, he divided, she divided, it divided, he distributed, she distributed, it distributed, he comprehended, she comprehended, it comprehended, he understood, she understood, it understood, he distinguished, she distinguished, it distinguished

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and the verb λαμβάνω (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. Depending on the context, it can mean to take apart, divide, distribute, or to grasp mentally, comprehend, or understand. It can also mean to distinguish or discern.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΜΕΡΙΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

G3606

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: O-THEN

Translations: from where, whence, wherefore, therefore, for which reason

Notes: This word is an adverb that can indicate either origin or consequence. It is used to ask or state 'from where' something comes or originates. It can also be used to mean 'therefore' or 'for which reason', indicating a logical conclusion or cause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟ, ΔΙΑ ΤΟΥΤΟ, ΟΠΟΥ

Etymology: From the demonstrative stem *ho- (meaning 'this' or 'that') combined with the suffix -θεν, which indicates origin or source. It is related to other adverbs of place and origin in Greek.

G0399

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ah-nah-ZEV-ksas

Translations: having set out, having departed, having broken camp

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle of the verb ἀναζεύγνυμι. It means 'having set out' or 'having departed', often implying a breaking of camp or a starting of a journey. It is a compound word formed from ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'back', and ζεύγνυμι (zeugnymi), meaning 'to yoke' or 'to join'. Thus, it literally means 'to unyoke' or 'to unharness', which then came to mean 'to break camp' or 'to set out'. It describes an action completed in the past that has a bearing on the present situation.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ἘΚΒΑΙΝΩ, ἈΝΑΙΡΩ

Etymology: The word ἀναζεύγνυμι is a compound of the preposition ἀνά (aná), meaning 'up' or 'back', and the verb ζεύγνυμι (zeúgnymi), meaning 'to yoke' or 'to join'. The combination originally referred to unyoking animals from a wagon, which then evolved to mean 'to break camp' or 'to set out on a journey'.

G2341

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: teh-thay-ree-OH-meh-noss

Translations: become savage, become brutalized, made into a wild beast, a brutalized one, a savage one

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, describing someone or something that has been transformed into or has become like a wild beast. It implies a state of savagery, brutality, or wildness, often due to circumstances or actions. It can be used to describe a person who has become fierce or cruel.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Perfect, Passive, Participle

Synonyms: ΑΓΡΙΟΣ, ΘΗΡΙΩΔΗΣ

Etymology: The word comes from the root θηρίον (thērion), meaning 'wild beast' or 'animal'. The verb θηριόω (thērioō) means 'to make into a wild beast' or 'to become like a wild beast'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G5590

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: Ps-oo-KHEE

Translations: soul, life, mind, heart, a soul, a life

Notes: This word refers to the soul, the animating principle of a human or animal, often considered the seat of emotions, desires, and affections. It can also denote life itself, the individual person, or the mind/inner self. It is used in various contexts to refer to the breath of life, the spiritual part of a human being, or simply one's existence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΝΕΥΜΑ, ΖΩΗ, ΚΑΡΔΙΑ

Etymology: From the verb ψύχω (psychō), meaning 'to breathe' or 'to blow', referring to the breath as the principle of life. It is related to the concept of breath as the essence of life.

G2983

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-LAH-ben

Translations: he took, she took, it took, he received, she received, it received

Notes: This is the third person singular aorist indicative active form of the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. It describes an action that occurred in the past, completed at a specific point in time. It can be used to describe someone taking an object, receiving something, or even grasping an idea.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ

G1706

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: en-PIP-ton-tas

Translations: those falling into, those falling upon, those encountering, those attacking

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'falling into' or 'falling upon'. It is often used to describe people who encounter something, or who fall into a particular situation, or who attack. It is a compound word formed from the preposition 'ἐν' (in, into) and the verb 'πίπτω' (to fall). In the provided context, it refers to 'those who were falling upon' or 'those who were encountering' (the soldiers).

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΠΙΠΤΩ, ΕΠΙΠΙΠΤΩ

G1722

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G0305

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ah-nah-BAH-ee-non-tas

Translations: going up, ascending, coming up, climbing, rising, embarking, growing up, appearing, entering, going to, coming to

Notes: This word describes the action of moving upwards, whether literally ascending a physical space, or metaphorically rising in status or appearing. It can also refer to embarking on a ship or coming into existence. It is often used to describe movement towards a higher place or a specific destination.

Inflection: Present, Active, Masculine, Accusative, Plural, Participle

Synonyms: ἈΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ἈΝΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ, ἈΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

G2695

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-SFAH-zayn

Translations: to slaughter, to slay, to butcher, to kill

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the prefix ΚΑΤΑ- (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb ΣΦΑΖΩ (sphazō), meaning 'to slaughter' or 'to slay'. The combination intensifies the action, meaning to utterly slaughter or butcher. It describes a violent and complete killing, often of many individuals, and can be used in contexts of war or mass execution.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΚΤΕΙΝΩ, ΑΝΑΙΡΕΩ, ΦΟΝΕΥΩ

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-GHEE-neh-toh

Translations: was happening, was becoming, was done, came to pass, occurred

Notes: This word is the third person singular imperfect indicative middle/passive form of the verb γίνομαι (ginomai). It describes an action that was ongoing, repeated, or in progress in the past. It can mean 'it was happening,' 'it was becoming,' 'it was done,' or 'it came to pass,' depending on the context. It emphasizes the process or state of something coming into being or occurring over a period of time.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle or Passive, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΟΜΑΙ, ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ

G3501

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: neh-OHN

Translations: of new, of young, of new things, of young people

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'ΝΕΟΣ' (neos), which means 'new' or 'young'. It is used to describe something that is fresh, recent, or in an early stage of development, or to refer to people who are young in age. As a genitive plural, it typically translates as 'of new things' or 'of young people', indicating possession, origin, or relationship.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders

Synonyms: ΚΑΙΝΟΣ, ΠΡΟΣΦΑΤΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'new'. It is related to the Latin 'novus' and English 'new'.

G0337

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-nah-EE-reh-sees

Translations: destruction, a destruction, killing, a killing, murder, a murder, taking away, a taking away

Notes: This word refers to the act of taking away, destroying, or killing. It can denote the complete removal or annihilation of something, or specifically the act of murder or execution. It is used to describe violent ends or the cessation of existence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΦΟΝΟΣ, ΟΛΕΘΡΟΣ, ΑΦΑΝΙΣΜΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb ἀναιρέω (anaireō), meaning 'to take up, take away, destroy, kill'. This verb is formed from ἀνά (ana, 'up, again') and αἱρέω (haireō, 'to take, seize').

G0439

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: an-EE-bone

Translations: of youths, of young men, of young women, of adolescents, of those not yet of age

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'youthful' or 'not yet of age'. It describes someone who is in their youth, not yet an adult. It is used to refer to young people in general, whether male or female. In the provided example, it is used in the genitive plural to describe the killing of young people.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΝΕΟΣ, ΝΕΑΝΙΑΣ

Etymology: From ἀ- (a-, a negative prefix) and ἥβη (hēbē, 'youth, prime of life'). It literally means 'without youth' or 'not having reached the prime of life', thus referring to someone who is still young.

G5037

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle

Sounds like: TEH

Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.

G859

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-fah-nis-MOS

Translations: disappearance, a disappearance, destruction, a destruction, perishing, ruin

Notes: This word refers to the act of making something vanish or cease to exist. It can denote a literal disappearance, or a more severe state of destruction, ruin, or perishing. It describes the state of being hidden, removed from sight, or utterly destroyed.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative

Synonyms: ὈΛΕΘΡΟΣ, ἈΠΩΛΕΙΑ, ΚΑΤΑΛΥΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΦΑΝΙΣΜΟΣ (aphanismos) is derived from the verb ἈΦΑΝΙΖΩ (aphanizo), meaning 'to make unseen, to destroy, to abolish'. It combines the prefix ἀ- (a-), indicating negation or absence, with the root ΦΑΙΝΩ (phaino), meaning 'to appear' or 'to shine'.

G3956

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: pa-SAIS

Translations: to all, for all, with all, by all, all

Notes: This word means 'all', 'every', or 'whole'. It is used to indicate the totality or entirety of something. As an adjective, it agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies. In this form, it is used with feminine plural nouns in the dative case, often indicating the means, instrument, or indirect object.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ

Etymology: The word ΠΑΣ (pas) comes from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (to protect, pasture, feed). It developed into the sense of 'all' or 'every' in Greek.

G2704

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tef-THA-ree-san

Translations: they were destroyed, they were ruined, they were corrupted, they were wasted

Notes: This word describes a state of being completely destroyed, ruined, or corrupted. It implies a thorough and often irreversible process of decay or destruction. It is a compound word formed from 'κατά' (kata), meaning 'down' or 'completely', and 'φθείρω' (phtheirō), meaning 'to destroy' or 'to corrupt'.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ΔΙΑΦΘΕΙΡΩ, ΟΛΛΥΜΙ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΑΦΘΕΙΡΩ is a compound of the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (kata), meaning 'down' or 'completely', and the verb ΦΘΕΙΡΩ (phtheirō), meaning 'to destroy, corrupt, or spoil'. The prefix intensifies the meaning of the verb, indicating complete destruction or ruin.

G2276

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: HET-ton

Translations: less, worse, inferior, a less (thing)

Notes: This word functions as both an adverb and an adjective, meaning 'less' or 'worse'. As an adverb, it modifies verbs or other adverbs, indicating a lesser degree. As an adjective, it describes nouns, meaning 'inferior' or 'lesser'. It is the comparative form of 'bad' or 'little'.

Inflection: Comparative, Does not inflect for gender or case when used adverbially. When used adjectivally, it can inflect for gender, number, and case (e.g., ΗΤΤΟΝΑ in the example is Accusative Singular).

Synonyms: ΕΛΑΣΣΩΝ, ΧΕΙΡΩΝ

Etymology: The word ἧττον (hētton) is the neuter singular form of the comparative adjective ἥσσων (hēssōn), meaning 'less, worse, weaker'. It is often used adverbially. Its ultimate origin is uncertain but is related to the concept of being 'less' or 'inferior'.

G4969

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ess-fahg-MEH-nohn

Translations: of those slain, of those slaughtered, of those sacrificed

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been slain' or 'having been slaughtered'. It describes individuals who have undergone the action of being killed or sacrificed. In the genitive plural, it refers to 'of those who have been slain' or 'of the slaughtered ones', often used to refer to a group of people who have been killed.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΛΥΜΕΝΩΝ, ΘΥΟΜΕΝΩΝ

Etymology: The verb ΣΦΑΖΩ (sphazō) is of uncertain origin, possibly onomatopoeic, imitating the sound of a blow or gash.

G0714

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ar-kes-THAYS

Translations: being content, having been content, satisfied, having been satisfied, sufficed

Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle derived from the verb 'ἀρκέω', meaning 'to be sufficient' or 'to be content'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone or something that has been made content or satisfied. It can be used to indicate a state of contentment or sufficiency that has been achieved.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΙΚΑΝΟΣ, ΑΥΤΑΡΚΗΣ

G5124

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toys

Translations: (to) these, (for) these, (with) these, (by) these

Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective meaning 'this' or 'that'. It points to something specific, indicating 'these things' or 'these people'. As a dative case, it often indicates the indirect object of a verb, the recipient of an action, or the means/instrument by which something is done. It can be translated as 'to these', 'for these', 'with these', or 'by these', depending on the context.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)

Synonyms: ΟΥ͂ΤΟΙ, ἘΚΕΊΝΟΙΣ

G2692

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-teh-TOL-mee-sen

Translations: dared, ventured, presumed, he dared, she dared, it dared

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata, meaning 'down' or 'against') and the verb τολμάω (tolmaō, meaning 'to dare' or 'to be bold'). It means to dare, venture, or presume, often implying a bold or audacious act, sometimes with a negative connotation of overstepping boundaries or being reckless. It describes an action that was undertaken with courage or audacity.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΤΟΛΜΑΩ, ΘΑΡΡΕΩ

G1093

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GAYS

Translations: (of) earth, (of) land, (of) ground, (of) world, (of) country, (of) region

Notes: This word refers to the earth, land, or ground. It can denote the physical soil, a specific territory or country, or the entire planet. As a genitive form, it indicates possession, origin, or the material from which something is made, often translated with 'of' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΑΓΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΓΗ (gē) comes from Proto-Hellenic *gā́, which itself is from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁- ('earth').

G0040

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-gee-OH-tah-ton

Translations: most holy, most sacred, the most holy, the most sacred

Notes: This word is the superlative form of the adjective 'ΑΓΙΟΣ' (hagios), meaning 'holy' or 'sacred'. As a superlative, it translates to 'most holy' or 'most sacred'. It is used to describe something that is supremely consecrated, revered, or set apart for divine purposes, often referring to places, objects, or concepts of ultimate sanctity. It can function as an adjective modifying a noun or as a substantive meaning 'the most holy thing/place'.

Inflection: Superlative, Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΙΕΡΩΤΑΤΟΝ, ΘΕΙΟΤΑΤΟΝ

Etymology: The word 'ΑΓΙΟΣ' (hagios) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to a root meaning 'to venerate' or 'to dread'. It refers to that which is set apart or consecrated.

G2413

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ee-eh-RON

Translations: sacred, holy, consecrated, a sacred place, a temple, temple

Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'sacred,' 'holy,' or 'consecrated.' When used as a noun, it refers to a 'sacred place' or, more specifically, a 'temple.' It describes something set apart for religious purposes or dedicated to a deity.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΓΙΟΣ, ΝΑΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΙΕΡΟΣ (hieros) comes from a pre-Greek substrate word, possibly related to the concept of 'strength' or 'power,' which became associated with divine power and sacredness.

G1525

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ice-EL-thain

Translations: to enter, to go in, to come in

Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'to enter' or 'to go in'. It describes the action of moving into a place or situation. It is often used to indicate the commencement of an action or the arrival at a destination.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕἸΣΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ, ΕἸΣΒΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΕἸΣ (eis), meaning 'into' or 'to', and the verb ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'.

G2192

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: EKH-ohn

Translations: having, holding, possessing, being in possession of

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. As a participle, it functions like a verbal adjective, describing someone or something that is in the act of having or holding something. It can be translated as 'having' or 'one who has', and often introduces a clause explaining what someone possesses or is doing.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΚΕΚΤΗΜΕΝΟΣ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩΝ

Etymology: The verb ἔχω (echō) comes from Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ- ('to hold, to have'). It is a common verb in ancient Greek, with a wide range of meanings related to possession, state, and action.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: meh-neh-LAH-on

Translations: Menelaus

Notes: This is a proper noun referring to Menelaus, a legendary king of Sparta in ancient Greek mythology, husband of Helen of Troy, and a central figure in the Trojan War. As a proper noun, it is used to identify this specific individual.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Menelaus is of Greek origin, meaning 'withstanding the people' or 'leader of the people'. It is derived from the Greek words μένος (menos, 'strength, spirit, might') and λαός (laos, 'people').

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: geh-go-NO-tah

Translations: having become, having happened, having come to pass, that which has come to pass, things that have happened, things that have come into being

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), which means 'to become,' 'to happen,' or 'to come into being.' As a perfect active participle, it describes an action that has been completed and whose results are ongoing. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or substantively, acting as a noun itself, often referring to 'things that have happened' or 'events that have occurred.'

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Neuter

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΑ, ΣΥΜΒΕΒΗΚΟΤΑ

Etymology: The word 'γίνομαι' (ginomai) comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to come into being' or 'to be born.' It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey ideas of generation, becoming, or existence.

G3392

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: mee-EH-raiss

Translations: (to) defiled, (to) polluted, (to) unclean

Notes: This word describes something that is defiled, polluted, or unclean, often in a ritual or moral sense. It is used to indicate a state of impurity. In the provided example, it modifies 'hands', suggesting hands that are ritually or morally impure.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΚΑΘΑΡΤΟΣ, ΑΜΙΑΝΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΜΙΑΡΟΣ (miaros) is derived from the verb μιαίνω (miainō), meaning 'to stain, defile, pollute'. It refers to something that has been made impure or contaminated.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G2413, G2411

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ee-eh-RAH

Translations: holy, sacred, a holy thing, sacred things, temple, a temple

Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'holy' or 'sacred'. When used as a noun, it typically refers to 'sacred things' or 'holy places', often specifically a 'temple' or 'sanctuary'. It describes anything set apart for divine use or associated with religious practices.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative or Vocative or Accusative, Singular; or Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΓΙΟΣ, ΟΣΙΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἱερά (hiera) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *ish₂ros, meaning 'sacred, powerful'. It is related to words signifying strength and divine power.

G4632

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: SKEV-ee

Translations: vessel, a vessel, instrument, an instrument, implement, an implement, goods, baggage, equipment, furniture

Notes: This word refers to an object or implement used for a particular purpose, such as a container (vessel), a tool (instrument), or personal belongings (goods, baggage). It can also refer to household items or equipment. It is often used in the plural to denote a collection of such items.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΞΑΡΤΥΣΙΣ, ΟΠΛΑ, ΠΡΑΓΜΑΤΑ

Etymology: The word derives from the verb σκευάζω (skeuazō), meaning 'to prepare, make ready, or equip'. It is related to the idea of things that are prepared or made for use.

G2983

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: lam-BAH-non

Translations: taking, receiving, seizing, grasping, obtaining, one who takes, one who receives

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'taking' or 'receiving'. It describes an ongoing action of taking, seizing, or obtaining something. It can be used to describe someone who is in the act of taking or receiving, or as a descriptive adjective for a person or thing that takes or receives.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Singular, Masculine, Nominative

Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ, ΑΙΡΕΩ

Etymology: From an assumed root LAB-, meaning 'to take, seize'.

G0450

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-nas-tah-THEN-tah

Translations: having been raised up, having been stood up, raised up, stood up

Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle derived from the verb ἀνίστημι (anistēmi), meaning 'to raise up' or 'to stand up'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred and was done to the subject. In this form, it refers to things or people that have been raised or stood up by an external agent.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Accusative, Neuter, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΓΕΙΡΟΜΕΝΑ, ΑΝΟΡΘΟΥΜΕΝΑ

G0838

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: owk-SEE-sin

Translations: increase, growth, advancement, an increase, a growth, an advancement

Notes: This word refers to an increase, growth, or advancement in size, quantity, or quality. It is used to describe a process of becoming larger or more significant. For example, it can refer to the growth of a plant, the increase in a population, or the advancement of a cause.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΛΗΘΥΣΜΟΣ, ΑΥΞΗΣΙΣ, ΠΡΟΚΟΠΗ

Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΞΗΣΙΣ (auxēsis) comes from the verb αὐξάνω (auxanō), meaning 'to grow' or 'to increase'. It is related to the concept of augmentation and development.

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G4951

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: soon-SOO-rone

Translations: dragging together, drawing together, pulling together, sweeping together

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'dragging together' or 'drawing together'. It describes an action of pulling or sweeping multiple things or parts into one place or a unified state. It is a compound word formed from the prefix 'συν-' (syn-), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb 'σύρω' (syro), meaning 'to drag' or 'to draw'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΓΩ, ΣΥΝΕΛΚΩ

G3349

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-meh-teh-oh-REE-zee-toh

Translations: was wavering, was in doubt, was anxious, was suspended, was lifted up

Notes: This word describes a state of being suspended, lifted up, or, more commonly in a figurative sense, being in a state of uncertainty, doubt, or anxiety. It implies a mind that is not settled but is 'hanging in the air' or 'tossed about' by various thoughts or concerns. It is used to describe someone who is hesitant or undecided.

Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Middle/Passive Voice, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΔΙΣΤΑΖΩ, ἈΜΦΙΒΑΛΛΩ, ἈΠΟΡΕΩ

Etymology: The word μετεωρίζω (meteōrizō) comes from μετέωρος (meteōros), meaning 'raised from the ground, suspended in the air'. This is a compound of μετά (meta), meaning 'among, with', and ἀείρω (aeirō), meaning 'to lift, raise'.

G4923

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: soon-oh-RON

Translations: seeing together, perceiving, considering, discerning, understanding, observing, a seeing together, a perceiving, a considering, a discerning, an understanding, an observing

Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb 'συνoράω' (synoraō), meaning 'to see together with', 'to perceive', 'to consider', or 'to discern'. It is often used to describe someone who is observing or understanding a situation, often with a sense of comprehension or foresight. It implies a comprehensive view or a deep understanding of something.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative, Present, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩΝ, ΟΡΩΝ, ΚΑΤΑΝΟΩΝ

G3754

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G3611

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: oy-KOON-tohn

Translations: of those dwelling, of those inhabiting, of those living, of the inhabitants

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to dwell' or 'to inhabit'. It refers to 'those who are dwelling' or 'those who are inhabiting' a place. As a genitive plural, it often functions to describe the possessors or subjects of an action, such as 'the blood of those dwelling in Jerusalem'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΟΙΚΟΥΝΤΩΝ, ΕΝΟΙΚΟΥΝΤΩΝ

G0653

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-por-GISS-tai

Translations: has been angered, has been enraged, has been provoked to wrath

Notes: This word describes a state of having been angered or provoked to wrath. It is a compound word formed from ἀπό (apo, 'from, away from') and ὀργίζω (orgizō, 'to make angry, to provoke to wrath'). The prefix ἀπό here intensifies the meaning of the verb, indicating a complete or decisive state of anger. It is used to describe someone or something that has been subjected to wrath or divine judgment.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Perfect Indicative, Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΟΡΓΙΖΩ, ΘΥΜΟΩ

Etymology: The verb ἀποργίζω (aporgizō) is derived from the prefix ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from' and often used to intensify, and the verb ὀργίζω (orgizō), meaning 'to make angry' or 'to provoke to wrath'. The root ὀργίζω comes from ὀργή (orgē), meaning 'anger' or 'wrath'.

G1024

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: bra-KHEH-ohs

Translations: briefly, for a short time, in a short space

Notes: This word is an adverb derived from the adjective 'βραχύς' (brachys), meaning 'short'. It is used to describe actions or states that occur for a limited duration or in a concise manner. It indicates something done quickly, briefly, or for a short period.

Inflection: Does not inflect (adverbial form)

Synonyms: ΟΛΙΓΩΣ, ΣΥΝΤΟΜΩΣ

Etymology: The word 'βραχέως' is derived from the adjective 'βραχύς' (brachys), meaning 'short' or 'small'. It is formed by adding the adverbial suffix -έως to the stem of the adjective.

G1203

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: des-PO-tays

Translations: master, lord, owner, a master, a lord

Notes: This word refers to a master, lord, or owner, someone who has absolute authority or control over others, such as servants, slaves, or possessions. It is often used in a secular context for a human master, but it is also frequently used in a religious context to refer to God or Christ as the ultimate Lord and Master.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΑΥΘΕΝΤΗΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *dems-pot-, meaning 'master of the house'. It is a compound of *dem- ('house') and *pot- ('master, powerful').

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: geh-GOH-nen

Translations: has become, has happened, has come to pass, was, came into being

Notes: ΓΕΓΟΝΕΝ is the third person singular perfect active indicative form of the verb ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ (ginomai). It describes an action that has been completed in the past but has ongoing results or a continuing state in the present. It can mean 'has become,' 'has happened,' or 'has come into being,' often implying a state of existence or a new reality that has resulted from a past event.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ

Etymology: The verb ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ (ginomai) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵenh₁-, meaning 'to beget, to produce, to be born.' It is related to words signifying birth, origin, and coming into existence.

G3927

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pa-ro-RA-sis

Translations: oversight, an oversight, neglect, disregard, connivance

Notes: This word refers to an act of overlooking, neglecting, or disregarding something. It implies a failure to notice or pay attention, often leading to a fault or omission. It can also mean connivance, where one intentionally overlooks something wrong.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΜΕΛΕΙΑ, ΠΑΡΑΒΑΣΙΣ

Etymology: From the verb παροράω (paroraō), meaning 'to overlook, disregard', which is a compound of παρά (para, 'beside, by') and ὁράω (horaō, 'to see').

G1519, G1487, G1488

Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb

Sounds like: E

Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are

Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).

G3361

Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G4374

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-en-EKH-es-thai

Translations: to be brought to, to be offered, to be presented, to be applied, to be brought near

Notes: This is a compound verb, formed from the prepositions πρός (to, toward), ἐν (in, on), and the verb φέρω (to bear, carry). In its passive infinitive form, it means 'to be brought to' or 'to be offered'. It describes an action where something is moved towards someone or something else, often with the purpose of presentation, offering, or application. It can be used in contexts where sacrifices are offered, or where something is presented for consideration or action.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΦΕΡΕΣΘΑΙ, ΠΡΟΣΑΓΕΣΘΑΙ

G2509

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: ka-THA-per

Translations: just as, even as, as, according as

Notes: This word is a compound adverb and conjunction meaning 'just as' or 'even as'. It is used to introduce a comparison, indicating that something is done in the same way or to the same extent as something else. It functions similarly to 'like' or 'as' in English, setting up a parallel between two actions or states.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΟ

Etymology: ΚΑΘΑΠΕΡ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (kata), meaning 'down, according to', and the particle ΠΕΡ (per), which emphasizes the preceding word. It literally means 'down just as' or 'exactly according to'.

G4585

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: seh-LEH-oo-koo

Translations: of Seleucus

Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the proper noun 'Seleucus'. Seleucus was a common name in the Hellenistic period, most notably referring to Seleucus I Nicator, a general of Alexander the Great and founder of the Seleucid Empire. In context, it typically refers to one of the kings named Seleucus.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: The name 'Seleucus' is of Greek origin, derived from the verb 'σέλευκος' (seleukos), meaning 'bright' or 'shining'. It was a common personal name in ancient Greece and particularly prominent among the Hellenistic kings.

G1048

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: gah-zoh-foo-LAH-kee-oo

Translations: of the treasury, of the temple treasury, of the storehouse, of the chest, of the offering box

Notes: This is a compound word referring to a treasury, a storehouse, or a place where money or valuables are kept, often specifically the temple treasury. It can also refer to the offering box or chest where contributions are placed. It is used to denote the place where funds are stored or collected.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΘΗΣΑΥΡΟΣ, ΤΑΜΕΙΟΝ

Etymology: The word is a compound of two Greek words: γάζα (gaza), meaning 'treasure' (itself a loanword from Persian), and φυλακή (phylake), meaning 'a guard, a watch, a prison, a place of keeping'. Thus, it literally means 'a place for keeping treasure'.

G3778

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: OO-tos

Translations: this, that, he, she, it, these, those, this one, that one

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something or someone that is near, or has just been mentioned. It can function as a substantive (e.g., 'he', 'she', 'it', 'this one') or as an adjective modifying a noun (e.g., 'this man', 'these things'). It often refers to something immediately present or recently discussed in the discourse.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΔΕ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be an ancient demonstrative pronoun in Greek, possibly related to other Indo-European demonstratives.

G4254

Part of Speech: Participle, Verb

Sounds like: pro-akh-THEIS

Translations: having been brought forward, having been led forth, having been advanced, having been promoted

Notes: This word is the aorist passive participle of the verb προάγω (proago), meaning 'to lead forward, bring forth, advance, promote'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred, indicating someone or something that has been brought forward or led out. It is a compound word formed from πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'forward', and ἄγω (ago), meaning 'to lead' or 'to bring'.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΓΟΜΕΝΟΣ, ΕΞΑΓΟΜΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: The verb προάγω (proago) is formed from the preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before, in front of, forward', and the verb ἄγω (ago), meaning 'to lead, to bring'. Its etymology reflects the action of leading or bringing something or someone to the front or into view.

G3916

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: pa-ra-KHRAY-ma

Translations: immediately, at once, forthwith, straightway, instantly

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'immediately' or 'at once'. It emphasizes the suddenness or instantaneous nature of an action, indicating that something happens without delay. It is often used to describe events that occur right after something else.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΥΘΕΩΣ, ΑΥΤΙΚΑ, ΤΑΧΕΩΣ

Etymology: This word is a compound of the preposition παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'by', and χρῆμα (chrēma), meaning 'thing' or 'matter', which in this context refers to 'the present moment'. The combination conveys the sense of 'right by the thing/moment', hence 'immediately'.

G0396

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-neh-TRAH-pay

Translations: was overthrown, was subverted, was turned upside down, was ruined, was destroyed

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from 'ἀνά' (ana), meaning 'up' or 'back', and 'τρέπω' (trepo), meaning 'to turn'. In its passive form, it describes something that has been turned upside down, overthrown, or subverted. It implies a complete reversal or destruction of a state or order, often in a forceful or decisive manner. It can be used to describe the defeat of an army, the collapse of a structure, or the ruin of a person or system.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΒΑΛΛΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΥΩ, ἘΚΤΡΕΠΩ

G2300

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: thra-SOOS

Translations: of boldness, of audacity, of insolence, of recklessness, of confidence

Notes: This word refers to a quality of being bold, audacious, or even insolent. It can describe a confident and daring attitude, but also a negative sense of recklessness or impudence. It is used to describe actions or a state of mind characterized by a lack of fear or restraint.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΤΟΛΜΑ, ΠΑΡΡΗΣΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΘΡΑΣΟΣ (thrasos) comes from the Greek verb θρασύνω (thrasynō), meaning 'to make bold' or 'to encourage'. It is related to θρασύς (thrasys), meaning 'bold' or 'courageous'.

G0243

Part of Speech: Prefix

Sounds like: ALL

Translations: other, another, different, foreign

Notes: This is a prefix form of the word 'ἄλλος' (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to form compound words that convey the idea of something being different, foreign, or belonging to another group. For example, 'ἀλλογενῶν' means 'of other races', 'ἀλλότριοι' means 'strangers' or 'foreigners', and 'ἀλλόφυλους' means 'foreigners' or 'of another tribe'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix)

Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.

G1484

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ETH-nos

Translations: nation, a nation, people, a people, Gentiles, a Gentile

Notes: This word refers to a nation, a people group, or a race. In the New Testament, it often refers specifically to the Gentiles, meaning non-Jewish people. It can be used to describe a large group of people united by common descent, culture, or language.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΛΑΟΣ, ΦΥΛΗ

Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to ἔθος (ethos, 'custom, habit'). It refers to a group of people sharing common customs or characteristics.

G0235

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: AL-lah

Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed

Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.

G2962

Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: KOO-ree-oss

Translations: Lord, a Lord, master, a master, owner, an owner, sir

Notes: This word refers to a person who has authority, control, or ownership over something or someone. It is frequently used in the New Testament to refer to God or Jesus Christ, signifying their supreme authority and sovereignty. It can also be used in a more general sense for a human master or owner.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΑΥΘΕΝΤΗΣ

Etymology: The word ΚΥΡΙΟΣ derives from the Greek word κῦρος (kyros), meaning 'supreme power' or 'authority'. It signifies one who possesses power and authority, thus a lord or master.

G1352

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: dee-OH-per

Translations: therefore, wherefore, for which cause, for this reason

Notes: This word is a compound adverb or conjunction used to introduce a logical consequence or conclusion. It signifies 'for this very reason' or 'because of this'. It is often used to connect a preceding statement with a resulting action or outcome, emphasizing the direct cause-and-effect relationship.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΑ ΤΟΥΤΟ, ΟΥΝ, ΑΡΑ

Etymology: ΔΙΟΠΕΡ is a compound word formed from διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'on account of', and ὅπερ (hoper), meaning 'which very thing' or 'the very thing which'. It emphasizes the direct cause or reason for something.

G0846

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOS

Translations: he, she, it, they, him, her, it, them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, same, very

Notes: ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is a versatile word in Koine Greek. As a third-person pronoun, it translates to 'he, she, it' or 'they' in the nominative case, and 'him, her, it' or 'them' in other cases. When used intensively, often in the nominative or immediately following the noun, it means 'himself, herself, itself, themselves' or 'even, very'. When used as an adjective with the definite article (e.g., 'ὁ αὐτὸς'), it means 'the same'. Its meaning depends on its grammatical function and position in the sentence.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΣ, ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a pronominal stem *au- or *aw-.

G1484

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ETH-noos

Translations: of a nation, of the nation, of a people, of the people, of a Gentile, of the Gentile, of a heathen, of the heathen

Notes: This word refers to a nation, a people, or a race, often used in the context of non-Israelite peoples or Gentiles. It can also refer to a group of people united by common descent, language, or culture. In the New Testament, it frequently distinguishes between Jews and non-Jews (Gentiles).

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΛΑΟΣ, ΦΥΛΗ, ΓΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to ἔθος (ethos, 'custom, habit'), suggesting a group united by common customs.

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: geh-no-MEH-nohn

Translations: having become, having happened, having come to pass, of those who became, of those who happened

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ginomai', meaning 'to become', 'to happen', or 'to come into being'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective while retaining verbal characteristics, often indicating an action that has already occurred. It can describe a state of being or an event that has taken place.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΓΕΓΟΝΟΤΩΝ, ΕΓΕΝΟΝΤΟ

Etymology: The word 'ginomai' comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to come into being' or 'to be born'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey ideas of generation, birth, or becoming.

G5306

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: HOO-steh-ron

Translations: later, afterward, last, finally, the latter, the end, a later time, the later

Notes: This word indicates a point in time that comes after another, or something that is last in a sequence. It can function as an adverb meaning 'later' or 'afterward', or as an adjective/noun meaning 'the last' or 'the latter part'. It is often used to refer to a subsequent event or a final outcome.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (when functioning as a noun/adjective), Adverbial

Synonyms: ΟΨΕ, ΕΠΕΙΤΑ, ΤΕΛΟΣ

Etymology: From the comparative form of the adverb 'ὑπό' (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'below', indicating a position or time that is subsequent or inferior.

G2841

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-koy-noh-NAY-sen

Translations: shared, participated, had fellowship, communicated, contributed

Notes: This word means to share in something, to participate with someone, or to have fellowship. It implies a joint involvement or a common bond. It is often used with a dative case to indicate the person or thing with whom one shares or participates.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΜΕΤΕΧΩ, ΣΥΜΜΕΤΕΧΩ, ΣΥΝΚΟΙΝΩΝΕΩ

Etymology: The word κοινωνέω (koinōneō) is derived from κοινός (koinos), meaning 'common' or 'shared'. It refers to the act of making something common or participating in a shared experience.

G2638

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: kah-tah-leef-THEIS

Translations: having been overtaken, having been seized, having been apprehended, having been caught, having been laid hold of, having been grasped, having been understood

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'katalambano'. It describes someone or something that has been overtaken, seized, apprehended, or grasped. It can also refer to something that has been understood or comprehended. It is often used to indicate that an action has been completed upon the subject.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΣΥΛΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩ

G3709

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: or-GAY

Translations: wrath, anger, indignation, a wrath, an anger

Notes: This word refers to a strong, often violent, emotion of displeasure or indignation. It can describe human anger, but is frequently used in a theological context to refer to God's righteous wrath against sin. It is a feminine noun.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΘΥΜΟΣ, ΧΟΛΗ

Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root *werg- meaning 'to work, to do'. The word originally referred to an 'impulse' or 'disposition', which then developed into the meaning of 'anger' or 'wrath' as an internal working or agitation.

G3173

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: MEH-gah-LOO

Translations: (of) great, (of) a great, (to) great, (to) a great, great things

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'great,' 'large,' 'big,' or 'mighty.' It is used to describe something of significant size, importance, or intensity. It can refer to physical size, but also to status, power, or quantity. For example, it might describe a great king, a large city, or a great amount of something.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter; or Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter; or Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΙΣΧΥΡΟΣ

G2643

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kah-tal-la-GAY

Translations: reconciliation, a reconciliation, restoration, a restoration, atonement, a change

Notes: This word refers to the act or state of reconciliation, restoration to favor, or a change from enmity to friendship. It implies a process of bringing two parties back into harmony after a period of estrangement or conflict. In a theological context, it often refers to the reconciliation between God and humanity.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΛΛΑΓΗ, ΕΙΡΗΝΗ, ΣΥΜΦΩΝΙΑ

Etymology: From the verb καταλλάσσω (katallassō), meaning 'to reconcile,' which is formed from κατά (kata, 'down, against') and ἀλλάσσω (allassō, 'to change'). The root idea is to change thoroughly, especially to change from enmity to friendship.

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G0667

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: ah-peh-nen-GAH-meh-nos

Translations: having carried away, having brought back, having taken away, having borne away

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'apopherō', meaning 'to carry away' or 'to bring back'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective while retaining verbal characteristics, describing an action that has already occurred. It indicates someone who has performed the action of carrying or taking something away.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ἈΠΑΓΩ, ἈΠΟΚΟΜΙΖΩ

G2413

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ee-eh-ROO

Translations: of holy, of sacred, of a temple, of the temple, of the sanctuary

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the adjective 'ΙΕΡΟΣ' (hieros), meaning 'holy' or 'sacred'. When used with the definite article, it often functions as a noun, referring to 'the temple' or 'the sanctuary'. It indicates possession or origin, answering the question 'whose?' or 'from what?'. For example, 'the beauty of the temple' or 'the things of the sanctuary'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΓΙΟΥ, ΝΑΟΥ, ΒΗΛΟΥ

G5563

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ek-hoh-REES-thay

Translations: was separated, was divided, separated, divided

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to separate' or 'to divide'. The form provided, 'ἘΧΩΡΙΣΘΗ', is in the aorist passive voice, indicating an action that was completed in the past and was done to the subject, rather than by the subject. It describes something that 'was separated' or 'was divided'.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΙΡΕΩ, ΔΙΑΣΤΕΛΛΩ

Etymology: The word ΧΩΡΙΖΩ comes from the Greek word χωρίον (chōrion), meaning 'place' or 'region', which itself is derived from χῶρος (chōros), meaning 'space' or 'land'. The verb thus means to 'make space' or 'put apart'.

G3633

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: OY-oh-MEH-nos

Translations: thinking, supposing, imagining, believing

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to think' or 'to suppose'. It describes someone who is currently thinking, supposing, or imagining something. It is often used to indicate a person's belief or opinion about a situation.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΝΟΜΙΖΩ, ἩΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΔΟΚΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΟἼΟΜΑΙ (oiomai) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the root *oi- meaning 'to think' or 'to suppose'.

G1093

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GAYN

Translations: earth, an earth, land, a land, ground, a ground, country, a country, region, a region

Notes: ΓΗΝ is the accusative singular form of the noun ΓΗ, meaning 'earth', 'land', 'ground', 'country', or 'region'. It is used to indicate the direct object of a verb or the destination of motion, often translated as 'to the earth' or 'into the land' depending on the context and accompanying prepositions. It can refer to the planet, a specific territory, or the soil itself.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΓΕΑ

G3989

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PEH-lah-goss

Translations: sea, open sea, a sea, deep, abyss

Notes: This word refers to the open sea, the deep, or the abyss. It is often used to describe a vast expanse of water, distinct from a more confined body of water like a lake or gulf. It can also metaphorically refer to a great depth or an overwhelming quantity of something.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΘΑΛΑΣΣΑ, ΒΥΘΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'pelagos' is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek or related to a root meaning 'flat' or 'broad,' referring to the expanse of the sea.

G4199

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: por-EW-ton

Translations: passable, able to be traveled, traversable

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'passable' or 'able to be traveled'. It describes something that can be traversed or walked through, such as a road or a path. It is derived from the verb 'πορεύω' (poreuō), meaning 'to go' or 'to travel'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΒΑΤΟΣ, ΟΔΕΥΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word πορευτός (poreutos) is derived from the verb πορεύω (poreuō), meaning 'to go' or 'to travel'. This verb itself comes from the noun πόρος (poros), meaning 'a way' or 'a passage'.

G5087

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: THES-thai

Translations: to place, to put, to set, to lay, to appoint, to make

Notes: This word is an infinitive form of the verb meaning 'to place' or 'to put'. It can be used in various contexts, such as physically setting something down, establishing a law or custom, or appointing someone to a position or office. It conveys the action of bringing something into a specific state or location.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΒΑΛΛΕΙΝ, ΕΠΙΤΙΘΕΝΑΙ, ΚΑΤΑΤΙΘΕΝΑΙ

Etymology: The word τίθημι (tithemi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeh₁-, meaning 'to put, place, set'. It is a common verb in ancient Greek, with many derivatives and compounds.

G3349

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: meh-teh-oh-ris-MON

Translations: anxiety, doubt, suspense, high-mindedness, pride

Notes: This word refers to a state of being lifted up or suspended, which can metaphorically mean a state of anxiety, doubt, or suspense, as one is 'hanging' between possibilities. It can also refer to a state of being puffed up or arrogant, indicating pride or high-mindedness.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΓΩΝΙΑ, ΑΜΦΙΒΟΛΙΑ, ΥΠΕΡΗΦΑΝΙΑ

Etymology: From the verb μετεωρίζω (meteōrizō), meaning 'to lift up into the air,' 'to keep in suspense,' or 'to be high-minded.' It is a compound word formed from μετά (meta, 'with, among') and ἀείρω (aeirō, 'to lift, raise').

G2588

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kar-DEE-as

Translations: of heart, of a heart, of mind, of soul, of inner self, of conscience, of courage, of will

Notes: This word refers to the physical heart, but more commonly in Koine Greek, it signifies the center of one's being, including thoughts, emotions, will, and conscience. It is often used to denote the inner person, the seat of spiritual and moral life. For example, it can refer to the core of one's beliefs or the source of one's intentions.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΨΥΧΗ, ΝΟΥΣ, ΠΝΕΥΜΑ

G1988

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ep-ih-STA-tas

Translations: overseer, a master, a superintendent, a commander, a chief, a foreman

Notes: This word refers to someone who is in charge, a supervisor, or a master. It denotes a person with authority over others, often in a managerial or leadership role, such as an overseer of workers or a commander of soldiers.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΕΠΙΣΤΑΤΗΣ comes from the Greek preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'over', and the verb ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand' or 'to set'. Thus, it literally means 'one who stands over' or 'one who is set over', referring to someone in a position of authority or supervision.

G2559

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-KOON

Translations: to harm, to do evil, to mistreat, to afflict, to injure

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'κακόω'. It means to do evil, to harm, to mistreat, or to afflict someone. It is often used in contexts where one person or group causes suffering, damage, or injury to another.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΒΛΑΠΤΩ, ΑΔΙΚΕΩ, ΚΑΚΟΠΟΙΕΩ

Etymology: From 'κακός' (kakos), meaning 'bad' or 'evil'. The verb 'κακόω' means 'to make bad' or 'to treat badly'.

G1085

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GEH-nos

Translations: race, kind, family, nation, offspring, stock, a race, a kind

Notes: This word refers to a group of people or things sharing a common origin, characteristic, or lineage. It can denote a family, a nation, a race, a species, or a type. It is often used to describe a lineage or descent, such as 'the race of Israel' or 'the family of David'. It can also refer to a general category or kind of something.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΦΥΛΗ, ΕΘΝΟΣ, ΣΠΕΡΜΑ

Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵenh₁- meaning 'to produce, beget, give birth'. It is related to words like 'genesis' and 'generation' in English.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun, Noun

Sounds like: PHRY-gah

Translations: Phrygian, a Phrygian, dry stick, a dry stick, twig, a twig, brushwood, firewood

Notes: This word has two primary meanings depending on context. It can refer to a 'Phrygian', an inhabitant of Phrygia, an ancient region in Anatolia. In this sense, it functions as a proper noun. Alternatively, it can mean 'dry stick', 'twig', 'brushwood', or 'firewood', referring to dried plant material. The context of the sentence determines which meaning is intended.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine (for Phrygian); Singular, Nominative, Neuter (for dry stick/twig/brushwood)

Synonyms: ΦΡΥΓΙΟΣ, ΞΥΛΟΝ, ΚΛΑΔΟΣ

Etymology: The term 'Φρύγα' referring to a Phrygian derives from the geographical name Phrygia. The term 'Φρύγα' meaning 'dry stick' is related to 'φρύγω' (phrygo), meaning 'to roast' or 'to dry up', indicating something dried out.

G0915

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: bar-ba-ROH-teh-ron

Translations: more barbaric, more barbarous, more uncivilized, a more barbaric thing

Notes: This word is the comparative form of the adjective 'barbaros', meaning 'more barbaric' or 'more uncivilized'. In ancient Greek, 'barbarian' referred to anyone who was not Greek-speaking, and by extension, often implied someone who was uncivilized, rude, or uncultured. Thus, 'barbaroteron' describes something or someone as being more foreign, more uncultured, or more savage than another.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Comparative

Synonyms: ΑΓΡΙΩΤΕΡΟΝ, ΑΜΟΡΦΩΤΕΡΟΝ

G2192

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: EKH-on-tah

Translations: having, holding, possessing, keeping, holding fast, the one having

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'having' or 'holding'. It describes an ongoing action of possession or holding. It can function adjectivally, describing a noun that 'has' something, or adverbially, indicating the manner in which an action is performed (e.g., 'while having'). In the provided examples, it describes things that 'do not have' a leader, trees 'having' branches, and 'the one having' all power.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΧΟΝΤΑ, ΚΕΚΤΗΜΕΝΟΝ

G2525

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-STAY-sahn-tos

Translations: of having appointed, of having established, of having set up, of having made, of having constituted

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'καθίστημι', meaning to appoint, establish, set up, or constitute. It describes someone who has performed the action of appointing or establishing. As a genitive participle, it often indicates possession, origin, or the agent of an action, frequently translated with 'of' or implying 'the one who appointed'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine, Aorist, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΟΡΙΖΩ, ΠΟΙΕΩ

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: gah-ri-ZEIN

Translations: Gerizim, Mount Gerizim

Notes: This word refers to Mount Gerizim, a sacred mountain in Samaria. It is often mentioned in historical and religious texts, particularly in the context of the Samaritans who consider it their holy place, in contrast to Jerusalem for the Jews. The phrase 'ἐν Γαριζειν' means 'in Gerizim' or 'on Mount Gerizim'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The name 'Gerizim' is of Hebrew origin, derived from the root 'garaz' meaning 'to cut off' or 'to divide'. It refers to the mountain's geographical features or its historical role as a place of division.

G2556

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: kheh-REE-stah

Translations: worst, the worst, very bad, most evil, most wicked

Notes: This word is the superlative form of the adjective 'κακός' (kakos), meaning 'bad' or 'evil'. As a superlative, it indicates the highest degree of badness, translating to 'worst' or 'most evil'. It can be used to describe things, actions, or people as being of the lowest quality or most morally corrupt. In the neuter plural, as seen in the examples, it often refers to 'the worst things' or 'the worst deeds'.

Inflection: Superlative, Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΚΑΚΙΣΤΑ, ΠΟΝΗΡΟΤΑΤΑ, ΑΝΟΜΩΤΑΤΑ

Etymology: The root word 'κακός' (kakos) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It has cognates in other Indo-European languages, but its precise etymology is debated.

G5256

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-per-AY-reh-toh

Translations: served, ministered, attended, was a servant, was a minister

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΥΠΕΡ (hyper, meaning 'over, beyond, for') and the verb ΕΡΕΤΕΩ (ereteo, meaning 'to row, to serve'). It means to serve or minister, often with the nuance of serving in a subordinate or auxiliary capacity, or serving on behalf of someone. It describes the action of providing assistance or service, much like a subordinate or an attendant would. In the provided context, it suggests that Menelaos served the citizens in the worst possible way, implying a negative or harmful service.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Imperfect, Indicative, Middle Voice

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΚΟΝΕΩ, ΛΕΙΤΟΥΡΓΕΩ, ΔΟΥΛΕΥΩ

G1293

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: dee-AH-theh-sin

Translations: disposition, arrangement, administration, state, condition, a disposition, an arrangement, an administration, a state, a condition

Notes: This word refers to an arrangement, a disposition, or a state of affairs. It can describe how things are organized or the general condition or attitude of something or someone. In the provided context, it seems to refer to a state of servitude or a general disposition towards something.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΤΑΓΗ, ΚΑΤΑΣΤΑΣΙΣ, ΣΥΝΘΗΚΗ

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: moo-SAR-khen

Translations: leader of mysteries, chief initiator, a leader of secret rites

Notes: This word is a compound noun, combining 'μύστης' (mystēs), meaning 'initiate' or 'one initiated into mysteries,' and 'ἀρχή' (archē), meaning 'rule' or 'beginning.' Therefore, it refers to a 'leader of mysteries' or a 'chief initiator' in religious or secret rites. It describes someone who presides over or is in charge of secret ceremonies or cults. In a sentence, it would typically function as a noun referring to such a person.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: The word ΜΥΣΑΡΧΗΣ is a compound of two Greek words: μύστης (mystēs), meaning 'initiate' or 'one initiated into mysteries,' and ἀρχή (archē), meaning 'rule,' 'beginning,' or 'chief.' It describes the leader or chief of such mystery rites.

G0002

Part of Speech: Proper Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: ah-pol-LOH-nee-on

Translations: Apollonius, Apollonian, of Apollo

Notes: This word can refer to Apollonius, a common Greek proper name, often used for individuals. It can also function as an adjective meaning 'Apollonian' or 'of Apollo', indicating something related to the Greek god Apollo. In the provided examples, it is consistently used as a proper noun, referring to a person named Apollonius.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter (when used as an adjective); or a proper noun (Apollonius)

Etymology: The word is derived from the Greek god Apollo (ΑΠΟΛΛΩΝ), meaning 'belonging to Apollo' or 'sacred to Apollo'. It became a common personal name in the Hellenistic period.

G4367

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-TAK-sas

Translations: having commanded, having ordered, having instructed, having appointed

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having commanded' or 'having ordered'. It describes an action that was completed in the past and has a direct bearing on the present situation or subsequent events. It is often used to indicate that someone has given an authoritative directive or instruction.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΝΤΕΙΛΑΜΕΝΟΣ, ΚΕΛΕΥΣΑΣ, ΕΠΙΤΑΞΑΣ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΣΤΑΣΣΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΠΡΟΣ (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and ΤΑΣΣΩ (tassō), meaning 'to arrange' or 'to appoint'. Thus, it literally means 'to arrange towards' or 'to appoint to', leading to the sense of commanding or ordering.

G2244

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: Hay-lee-KEE-ah

Translations: age, stature, maturity, an age, a stature

Notes: This noun refers to a period of life, such as one's age, or to physical height or stature. It can also denote the concept of maturity or full growth. It is used to describe a stage in life or the physical dimension of a person.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΧΡΟΝΟΣ, ΜΕΓΕΘΟΣ

Etymology: The word is derived from the adjective ἥλιξ (hēliks), meaning 'of the same age' or 'of the same size'. It refers to a state or condition related to age or size.

G3501

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: neh-oh-TEH-roos

Translations: younger, younger ones, a younger one

Notes: This word is the accusative masculine plural form of the comparative adjective 'νεώτερος' (neōteros), meaning 'younger'. It is used to describe people or things that are younger than others. In a sentence, it would function as an adjective modifying a plural masculine noun in the accusative case, or as a substantive meaning 'the younger ones'.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine, Comparative

Synonyms: ΝΕΩΤΕΡΩΝ, ΝΕΩΤΕΡΟΙ

Etymology: The word 'νεώτερος' (neōteros) is the comparative form of 'νέος' (neos), meaning 'new' or 'young'. It derives from Proto-Indo-European roots related to newness or youth.

G4453

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: poh-LEH-in

Translations: to sell, to offer for sale

Notes: This word means 'to sell' or 'to offer for sale'. It is the present active infinitive form of the verb, indicating an ongoing action or purpose. It can be used in sentences where one might say 'to sell something' or 'the act of selling'.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΔΙΔΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΑΤΤΩ

Etymology: The word derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *pelh₂- meaning 'to drive, to push'. In Greek, it evolved to refer to the act of driving a bargain or selling goods.

G3854

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pa-ra-geh-NO-meh-nos

Translations: having come, having arrived, being present, having appeared

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'παραγίνομαι', meaning 'to come alongside', 'to arrive', or 'to be present'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred relative to the main verb of the sentence. It often functions adverbially, indicating the circumstances or time of the main action, such as 'when he had come' or 'after arriving'.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΗΚΩ, ΦΘΑΝΩ

Etymology: The word 'παραγίνομαι' is a compound word formed from the preposition 'παρά' (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become' or 'to come into being'. Together, they convey the sense of 'coming alongside' or 'arriving'.

G1516

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ee-ray-nee-KON

Translations: peaceful, peaceable, pacific, a peaceful thing

Notes: This word describes something that is characterized by peace, promotes peace, or is conducive to peace. It can refer to a person, an action, or a state of being that is calm, tranquil, and free from conflict. For example, one might speak of a 'peaceful judgment' or a 'peaceful disposition'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ἩΣΥΧΙΟΣ, ΓΑΛΗΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΕἸΡΗΝΙΚΟΝ (eirēnikon) is derived from the noun ΕἸΡΗΝΗ (eirēnē), meaning 'peace'. It is formed by adding the adjectival suffix -ικός (-ikos) to the root, indicating 'pertaining to' or 'characterized by'.

G5271

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: hoo-po-kree-THEIS

Translations: having pretended, having acted, having feigned, having played a part

Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle derived from the verb 'hypokrinomai'. It describes someone who has put on an act, pretended, or feigned something. It implies a deliberate action of presenting oneself or a situation in a way that is not entirely genuine, often with the intent to deceive or conceal true feelings or intentions. It can be used to describe someone who has adopted a role or persona.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΠΟΙΕΟΜΑΙ, ΠΛΑΣΣΟΜΑΙ

G1907

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-PEH-skhen

Translations: he held back, he restrained, he stopped, he delayed, he paid attention, he applied himself

Notes: This is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'ἐπέχω'. It means 'he held back' or 'he restrained', often implying a pause or delay. It can also mean 'to pay attention' or 'to apply oneself to something', depending on the context. In the provided examples, it seems to convey the sense of 'he delayed' or 'he waited'.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΑΝΑΣΤΕΛΛΩ, ΚΩΛΥΩ

G2193

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: EH-ohs

Translations: until, while, as long as, up to, even to, as far as

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a point in time or extent in space. It is commonly translated as 'until' or 'as long as' when referring to time, and 'up to' or 'as far as' when referring to space. It can also mean 'while' or 'during the time that', often introducing a temporal clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΕΧΡΙ, ΑΧΡΙ, ΠΡΙΝ

Etymology: From a prolonged form of a primary particle. It is an ancient Greek word with a long history of use in temporal and spatial contexts.

G0040, G0037

Part of Speech: Adjective, Verb

Sounds like: hah-gee-AHS

Translations: holy, sacred, pure, consecrated, sanctify, make holy, set apart

Notes: This word can be an inflected form of the adjective 'ΑΓΙΟΣ' (hagios), meaning 'holy' or 'sacred', in which case it would be the genitive singular feminine form, meaning 'of a holy (woman/thing)'. It can also be an inflected form of the verb 'ΑΓΙΑΖΩ' (hagiazo), meaning 'to sanctify' or 'to make holy'. In this verbal sense, it would be the second person singular aorist active subjunctive or imperative, or the third person singular aorist active subjunctive. The context determines the precise meaning and part of speech.

Inflection: Adjective: Singular, Genitive, Feminine; Verb: Second Person Singular, Aorist, Active, Subjunctive or Imperative; Third Person Singular, Aorist, Active, Subjunctive

Synonyms: ΙΕΡΟΣ, ΚΑΘΑΡΟΣ, ΟΣΙΟΣ

G4521

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: sahb-BAH-too

Translations: (of) Sabbath, (of) a Sabbath

Notes: This word refers to the Sabbath, which is a day of rest and worship, observed by Jews from Friday sunset to Saturday sunset. In the New Testament, it often refers to the seventh day of the week. The genitive form 'ΣΑΒΒΑΤΟΥ' indicates possession or relationship, often translated as 'of the Sabbath' or 'belonging to the Sabbath'. It is used to specify a time or event in relation to the Sabbath day.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Etymology: The word 'ΣΑΒΒΑΤΟΝ' is of Hebrew origin, derived from the Hebrew word 'šabbāṯ' (שַׁבָּת), meaning 'rest' or 'cessation'. It entered Greek through the Septuagint, the Koine Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible.

G0691

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ar-GOON-tas

Translations: being idle, doing nothing, inactive, lazy, idle, doing nothing

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'argeō', meaning 'to be idle' or 'to do nothing'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone or something that is in a state of idleness or inactivity. It can be used to describe people who are not working or are unproductive.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ἈΠΡΑΓΜΟΝΑΣ, ἈΕΡΓΟΥΣ

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: OOF

Translations: under, by, with, from, at the hand of, by means of, through

Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition 'ΥΠΟ' (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'by'. The final vowel of 'ΥΠΟ' is dropped when the following word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark. It indicates a position beneath something, or agency (by means of someone/something), or cause. It can also denote the instrument or agent by which something is done. It is a very common preposition in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect; governs the genitive and accusative cases.

Etymology: The word 'ΥΠΟ' (hypo) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'under'. It is related to English words like 'hypodermic' and 'hypothermia'.

G1804

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: eks-op-li-SEE-an

Translations: full armor, complete equipment, a full armor, a complete equipment

Notes: This word refers to a complete set of armor or equipment, especially for military purposes. It is a compound word derived from 'ἐκ' (out of, from) and 'ὁπλίζω' (to arm, equip). It describes being fully armed or equipped for a task or battle.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΑΝΟΠΛΙΑ, ΟΠΛΑ

Etymology: The word ΕΞΟΠΛΙΣΙΑ (exoplisia) is derived from the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb ὁπλίζω (hoplizō), meaning 'to arm' or 'to equip'. It signifies the act of fully arming or equipping oneself.

G3853

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: par-ang-GEL-len

Translations: he commanded, he ordered, he instructed, he charged, he gave orders

Notes: This word describes the act of giving a command, order, or instruction. It implies a directive from a position of authority or a clear communication of what is to be done. It is often used in contexts where someone is charged with a specific task or responsibility.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΕΝΤΕΛΛΟΜΑΙ, ΚΕΛΕΥΩ, ΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΤΩ

Etymology: The word ΠΑΡΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'from', and the verb ἀγγέλλω (angellō), meaning 'to announce' or 'to report'. Thus, it originally conveyed the idea of announcing something from beside someone, or giving a message directly.

G2064

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: el-THON-tas

Translations: having come, who came, those who came

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai), meaning "to come" or "to go." As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that occurred prior to the main verb. In this form, it refers to a group of masculine individuals who have performed the action of coming.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΗΚΟΝΤΑΣ, ΑΦΙΚΟΜΕΝΟΥΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁erǵʰ- (to move, to go).

G1825

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-ex-eh-ken-TEH-sen

Translations: pierced through, stabbed, thrust through, impaled

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the prefixes ΣΥΝ- (syn-, 'with, together') and ΕΞ- (ex-, 'out of, from') combined with the root verb ΚΕΝΤΕΩ (kenteo, 'to prick, pierce'). The full word means 'to pierce through completely' or 'to stab thoroughly'. It describes an action of forceful penetration, often with a weapon, resulting in a complete piercing or impalement. It is used to describe a past action that was completed.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΤΙΤΡΩΣΚΩ, ΔΙΑΠΕΡΝΑΩ, ΔΙΑΠΕΡΑΩ

G4862

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: soon

Translations: with, together with, along with

Notes: ΣΥΝ is a preposition that typically takes the dative case, meaning 'with' or 'together with', indicating association, accompaniment, or union. It is also very commonly used as a prefix in compound words, where it conveys the idea of 'togetherness', 'union', 'completion', or 'joint action'. For example, 'συντρίβω' (syntribo) means 'to break together' or 'to crush', and 'συνκαίω' (synkaio) means 'to burn together'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.

Synonyms: ΜΕΤΑ, ΟΜΟΥ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kom, meaning 'with' or 'beside'. It is cognate with Latin 'cum' and English 'co-' or 'con-'.

G1532

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ice-dra-MOHN

Translations: having run in, having rushed in, having entered quickly

Notes: This word is a compound participle, formed from the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into' or 'to', and the verb 'τρέχω' (trechō), meaning 'to run'. Therefore, 'εἰσδραμών' means 'having run into' or 'having rushed into'. It describes an action of entering a place quickly or forcefully. It is used to describe someone who has completed the action of running or rushing into something.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΙΣΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΕΙΣΠΗΔΑΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΙΣΤΡΕΧΩ is a compound of the preposition ΕΙΣ (eis), meaning 'into' or 'to', and the verb ΤΡΕΧΩ (trechō), meaning 'to run'.

G2425

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ee-KAH-nah

Translations: sufficient, enough, adequate, worthy, competent, a sufficient amount, enough things

Notes: This word describes something as being sufficient, adequate, or enough for a particular purpose or situation. It can also describe a person as being competent or worthy. When used in the neuter plural, it often refers to 'sufficient things' or 'enough'.

Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΡΚΕΤΟΣ, ΕΞΑΡΚΗΣ

Etymology: From the verb ἵκω (hikō), meaning 'to reach, arrive at', implying 'reaching the standard' or 'being sufficient'.

G2448

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-oo-DAHS

Translations: Judas, Judah

Notes: This is a proper noun referring to a person or a geographical region. In the New Testament, it most commonly refers to Judas Iscariot, one of the twelve apostles who betrayed Jesus, or to Judas, the brother of Jesus. It can also refer to the tribe of Judah or the kingdom of Judah in the Old Testament context. It is used as a subject or object in sentences.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative

Etymology: From Hebrew יְהוּדָה (Yehudah), meaning 'praised'. It refers to the fourth son of Jacob and Leah, and subsequently to the tribe and kingdom descended from him.

G3129

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: Mak-ka-BAH-yos

Translations: Maccabaeus

Notes: This is a proper noun referring to Judas Maccabaeus, a Jewish leader who led the Maccabean Revolt against the Seleucid Empire in the 2nd century BC. He is a significant figure in Jewish history, known for his military prowess and his role in the rededication of the Second Temple, which is commemorated by the festival of Hanukkah. The name 'Maccabaeus' itself is thought to mean 'hammer' or 'extinguisher'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name 'Maccabaeus' is believed to be derived from the Aramaic word 'maqqaba' (מַקָּבָא), meaning 'hammer', or from the Hebrew 'makkabi' (מכבי), meaning 'extinguisher' or 'queller'. It was a surname given to Judas, likely due to his military effectiveness.

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: geh-nee-THEIS

Translations: having become, having been born, having come into being, having been made, having happened

Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle, meaning 'having become' or 'having been born/produced'. It describes an action that was completed in the past, with the subject being the recipient of that action. It can refer to someone being born, something coming into existence, or an event taking place.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΟΣ, ΤΕΛΕΣΘΕΙΣ

G0325

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-nah-khoh-RAY-sas

Translations: withdrawing, departing, going away, retiring, returning

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'anachōreō', meaning to withdraw, depart, or go away. It describes an action of moving away from a place or situation, often implying a retreat or a return to a previous location. It can be used to describe someone who has gone away, or who is in the process of withdrawing.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΦΕΥΓΩ

G3735

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: O-RE-sin

Translations: to mountains, on mountains, in mountains, with mountains, like mountains, mountains, hills

Notes: This word refers to mountains or hills. It is the dative plural form of the noun 'ὄρος' (oros), meaning 'mountain' or 'hill'. As a dative case, it can indicate location (on/in/at mountains), instrument (with mountains), or comparison (like mountains), depending on the context.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΒΟΥΝΟΙ, ΟΡΗ

Etymology: The word ὄρος (oros) comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words for 'rise' or 'height'.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-eh-ZAY

Translations: lived through, lived apart, lived

Notes: This is an inflected form of the compound verb διαζάω (diazaō), meaning "to live through" or "to live apart." It describes the act of living, often with an emphasis on enduring or separating oneself. In the provided context, it describes someone living in a particular manner or location.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΖΑΩ, ΒΙΟΩ

Etymology: The word διαζάω (diazaō) is a compound verb formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning "through" or "apart," and the verb ζάω (zaō), meaning "to live."

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, after, among, behind, by, in company with, in pursuit of, according to

Notes: This word is a preposition that can also function as an adverb. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it usually means 'after' or 'behind' (indicating sequence or pursuit). It can also denote a change of state or position.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases)

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'μετά' (meta) comes from Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is related to English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G1223

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-eh-teh-LOON

Translations: they continued, they were continuing, they persisted, they were persisting, they remained, they were remaining, they lived, they were living

Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning to continue, persist, or remain in a state or action. It describes an ongoing or sustained activity or condition. It is often used to indicate that something was happening continuously over a period of time in the past.

Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Active, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΜΕΝΩ, ΔΙΑΜΕΝΩ, ΕΠΙΜΕΝΩ

Etymology: The word διατελέω (diateleo) is a compound of διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'throughout', and τελέω (teleo), meaning 'to complete' or 'to finish'. The combination suggests carrying something through to completion or continuing throughout a period.

G3348

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: meh-tas-KHEIN

Translations: to share in, to partake of, to have a share in

Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb "μετέχω" (metechō), meaning "to share in" or "to partake of." It is a compound word formed from "μετά" (meta), meaning "with" or "among," and "ἔχω" (echō), meaning "to have" or "to hold." It is used to express the idea of participating in something, having a portion of something, or being associated with something. For example, one might "μετασχεῖν" (metaschein) in a feast, a suffering, or a divine nature.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΚΟΙΝΩΝΕΩ, ΜΕΤΕΧΩ

G3436