2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: geh-no-MEH-nohn

Translations: having become, having happened, having come to pass, of those who became, of those who happened

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ginomai', meaning 'to become', 'to happen', or 'to come into being'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective while retaining verbal characteristics, often indicating an action that has already occurred. It can describe a state of being or an event that has taken place.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΓΕΓΟΝΟΤΩΝ, ΕΓΕΝΟΝΤΟ

Etymology: The word 'ginomai' comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to come into being' or 'to be born'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey ideas of generation, birth, or becoming.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G4314

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G0329

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-nah-zoh-py-REE-sin

Translations: rekindling, a rekindling, revival, a revival, stirring up, a stirring up

Notes: This word refers to the act of rekindling, reviving, or stirring up something that has diminished or become dormant. It is a compound word formed from 'ἀνά' (ana), meaning 'again' or 'up', and 'ζωπυρέω' (zōpyreō), meaning 'to kindle into a flame' or 'to keep alive'. It describes the process of bringing something back to life or vigor, often referring to a fire, a spirit, or a gift.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ἈΝΑΚΑΙΝΙΣΙΣ, ἈΝΑΝΕΩΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΝΑΖΩΠΥΡΗΣΙΣ is derived from the verb ἀναζωπυρέω (anazōpyreō), which means 'to rekindle' or 'to stir up a fire'. This verb itself is a compound of ἀνά (ana), meaning 'again' or 'up', and ζωπυρέω (zōpyreō), meaning 'to kindle into a flame' or 'to keep alive', which comes from ζῶος (zōos), 'living', and πῦρ (pyr), 'fire'.

G2532

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G1222

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: dee-ah-KEE-meh-nah

Translations: being disposed, being situated, being in a state, being arranged, being placed, being laid out

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle derived from the verb 'διακείμαι'. It describes a state or condition of being, indicating how something is disposed, situated, or arranged. It can refer to a physical placement or a mental/emotional disposition. For example, it might describe people 'being disposed' in a certain way towards something, or objects 'being laid out' in a particular order.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΕΙΜΑΙ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΕΧΩ

G2007

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: eh-pee-soon-is-TAH-meh-nah

Translations: rising up against, gathering together against, conspiring against

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle of the verb 'ἐπισυνίστημι'. It describes something or someone that is in the process of rising up against, gathering together against, or conspiring against another. It implies a collective action or a movement of opposition.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΙΣΤΑΜΕΝΑ, ΣΥΝΙΣΤΑΝΤΕΣ, ΣΥΝΙΣΤΑΝΤΑ

G1311

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-ef-THAY-ren

Translations: destroyed, corrupted, ruined, spoiled, perverted, wasted

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'completely', and the verb φθείρω (phtheirō), meaning 'to corrupt' or 'to destroy'. It means to utterly destroy, corrupt, or ruin something or someone. It can be used to describe physical destruction, moral corruption, or the spoiling of something good. It often implies a complete and thorough destruction or perversion.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ΚΑΤΑΛΥΩ, ΛΥΜΑΙΝΟΜΑΙ

G1917

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ep-ee-BOO-lais

Translations: (to) plots, (to) schemes, (to) conspiracies, (to) treacheries, (to) ambushes

Notes: This word refers to hostile designs, plots, or schemes, often involving treachery or an ambush. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'against', and βουλή (boulē), meaning 'counsel' or 'plan'. It describes a deliberate and often malicious plan or intention directed against someone.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Feminine

Synonyms: ἘΝΕΔΡΑΙΣ, ΔΟΛΟΙΣ, ΜΗΧΑΝΑΙΣ

Etymology: The word ἐπιβουλή (epiboulē) is derived from the Greek preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'against', and the noun βουλή (boulē), meaning 'counsel', 'plan', or 'will'. It literally means 'a plan against'.

G1468

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: eng-KRAH-tay

Translations: self-controlled, temperate, continent, master of, having power over, a self-controlled person, a temperate person

Notes: This word describes someone who has power over themselves, particularly their desires and passions, indicating self-control or temperance. It can also mean having power or mastery over something else, often followed by a genitive case indicating what is being controlled or mastered. It is used to describe a person who is disciplined and able to restrain themselves.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΩΦΡΩΝ, ΕΥ̓ΚΡΑΤΗΣ

Etymology: The word ἘΓΚΡΑΤΗΣ is a compound word formed from the preposition ἘΝ (en), meaning 'in' or 'within', and ΚΡΑΤΟΣ (kratos), meaning 'strength' or 'power'. Thus, it literally means 'having power within' or 'having power over oneself'.

G1096

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ghee-GNO-meh-nah

Translations: happening, occurring, coming into being, being done, becoming, arising, being produced

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle derived from the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to come into being,' 'to happen,' or 'to become.' It describes something that is currently happening, occurring, or being produced. It can be used to describe events, situations, or things that are in the process of formation or change.

Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Present, Middle or Passive

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΑ, ΠΡΑΤΤΟΜΕΝΑ, ΣΥΜΒΑΙΝΟΝΤΑ

G4912

Part of Speech: Adjective, Verb

Sounds like: soon-EH-khace

Translations: continuous, constant, pressing, holding together, afflicting, distressed, constrained, urgent

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb ΣΥΝΕΧΩ (synechō), which means 'to hold together,' 'to constrain,' 'to press upon,' or 'to afflict.' As an adjective, it describes something that is continuous, constant, or urgent. It can also function as a participle, indicating an ongoing action of holding, pressing, or afflicting. It is a compound word formed from ΣΥΝ (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together,' and ΕΧΩ (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold.'

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine, Present Active Participle; or Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine, Adjective

Synonyms: ΑΔΙΑΛΕΙΠΤΟΣ, ΕΠΙΜΟΝΟΣ, ΔΙΑΠΑΝΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΣΥΝΕΧΩ is derived from the prefix ΣΥΝ- (syn-), meaning 'with' or 'together,' and the verb ΕΧΩ (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold.' This combination conveys the sense of holding or keeping things together, or of being held or pressed upon.

G1627

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ek-FEH-rohn

Translations: bringing forth, carrying out, producing, bearing, leading out, taking out, publishing

Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb 'ekpherō', meaning 'to bring forth' or 'to carry out'. It describes an action that is ongoing or habitual. It can be used to describe someone who is producing something, leading something out, or even publishing information. For example, it could refer to a tree bearing fruit, a person carrying an object out of a house, or someone making something known.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΦΕΡΩΝ, ΑΓΩΝ, ΤΙΚΤΩΝ

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G2448

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-oo-DAHS

Translations: Judas, Judah

Notes: This is a proper noun referring to a person or a geographical region. In the New Testament, it most commonly refers to Judas Iscariot, one of the twelve apostles who betrayed Jesus, or to Judas, the brother of Jesus. It can also refer to the tribe of Judah or the kingdom of Judah in the Old Testament context. It is used as a subject or object in sentences.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative

Etymology: From Hebrew יְהוּדָה (Yehudah), meaning 'praised'. It refers to the fourth son of Jacob and Leah, and subsequently to the tribe and kingdom descended from him.

G1907

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-EKH-ayn

Translations: to hold back, to restrain, to check, to hold out, to offer, to pay attention to, to apply oneself to, to continue, to delay, to wait

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to hold back, restrain, or check something or someone. It can also mean to hold out or offer something, or to pay attention to something. In some contexts, it can imply a delay or waiting. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ΕΠΙ (upon, over) and the verb ΕΧΩ (to have, to hold).

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΚΩΛΥΩ, ΑΝΤΕΧΩ

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G2697

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kah-tah-droh-MACE

Translations: (of) an incursion, (of) a raid, (of) an attack, (of) a hostile movement

Notes: This word refers to a hostile incursion, a raid, or an attack, often implying a swift and aggressive movement into enemy territory. It is a compound word formed from 'κατά' (down, against) and 'δρόμος' (a running, a course). It describes the act of running down or against something, leading to the meaning of a hostile advance.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΔΡΟΜΗ, ΕΦΟΔΟΣ, ΕΙΣΒΟΛΗ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΑΔΡΟΜΗ (katadromē) is derived from the prefix κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the noun δρόμος (dromos), meaning 'a running' or 'a course'. It literally means 'a running down' or 'a running against', which evolved to signify a hostile incursion or raid.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G3985

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-PEI-rah-toh

Translations: he was trying, he was attempting, he was testing, he tried, he attempted, he tested

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to try', 'to attempt', or 'to test'. It describes an action of making an effort to do something or to ascertain the nature or quality of something or someone. It can be used in contexts where someone is making an earnest effort or putting something to the test.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Imperfect Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΔΟΚΙΜΑΖΩ, ΠΕΙΡΑΩ

Etymology: The word ΠΕΙΡΑΖΩ (peirazō) comes from the noun ΠΕΙΡΑ (peira), meaning 'a trial' or 'an attempt'.

G2489

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-doo-MAH-ee-oys

Translations: to the Idumaeans, (to) Idumaeans

Notes: This word refers to the Idumaeans, the inhabitants of Idumaea (or Edom), a region south of Judea. They were descendants of Esau and were often in conflict with the Israelites. In Koine Greek, this word is used to refer to these people.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine

Etymology: The word "Ἰδουμαῖος" (Idoumaios) is derived from "Ἰδουμαία" (Idoumaia), which is the Greek name for the region of Edom. Edom itself comes from the Hebrew word "אֱדוֹם" (Edom), meaning 'red', referring to Esau's reddish complexion or the reddish sandstone of the region.

G1964

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-pee-peh-SOHN

Translations: falling upon, having fallen upon, falling on, having fallen on

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'epipiptō', meaning 'to fall upon' or 'to fall on'. It describes an action of falling or throwing oneself onto something or someone, often with emotion such as grief, joy, or supplication. It is a compound word formed from the preposition 'epi' (upon, on) and the verb 'piptō' (to fall).

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΙΠΤΩ, ΠΡΟΣΠΙΠΤΩ

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ah-krah-bah-TEE-neen

Translations: Acrabattine

Notes: Acrabattine refers to a toparchy, or administrative district, in ancient Judea. It was located north of Jerusalem and was one of the eleven toparchies of Judea during the Roman period. The word itself is a geographical designation.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The name 'Acrabattine' is derived from the Hebrew word 'Akrabim' (עקרבים), meaning 'scorpions', possibly referring to a rocky, scorpion-infested area. It was a region known for its rugged terrain.

G0615

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-pek-TEI-nen

Translations: he killed, she killed, it killed, he slew, she slew, it slew

Notes: This word is the third person singular, aorist active indicative form of the verb ἀποκτείνω (apokteinō), meaning 'to kill' or 'to slay'. It describes a completed action of killing or slaying, typically referring to a single instance in the past. It is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb κτείνω (kteinō), meaning 'to kill'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΙΡΕΩ, ΦΟΝΕΥΩ

G4661

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: es-ky-LEU-sen

Translations: plundered, despoiled, stripped, spoiled

Notes: This word means to strip someone of their possessions, to plunder, or to despoil. It is often used in the context of taking spoils of war or seizing property from others. It describes an action that has been completed in the past.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΡΠΑΖΩ, ΛΑΦΥΡΑΓΩΓΕΩ, ΔΙΑΡΠΑΖΩ

Etymology: The word ΣΚΥΛΕΥΩ is derived from the noun σκῦλον (skylon), meaning 'spoil' or 'booty'. It refers to the act of taking spoils.

G4788

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: syng-KLEI-sas

Translations: having shut up, having enclosed, having confined, having imprisoned, having delivered up

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle of the verb συγκλείω (sygkleiō), meaning "to shut up together," "to enclose," or "to confine." It is a compound word formed from the preposition σύν (syn), meaning "with" or "together," and the verb κλείω (kleiō), meaning "to shut" or "to close." It describes an action that has been completed in the past, indicating that the subject has performed the action of shutting up or enclosing something or someone. It can be used in various contexts to describe physical confinement, but also metaphorically to mean delivering someone over or bringing them under control.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΚΛΕΙΩ, ΚΑΤΑΚΛΕΙΩ, ΠΑΡΑΔΙΔΩΜΙ

Etymology: The verb συγκλείω (sygkleiō) is formed from the prefix σύν (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together,' and the verb κλείω (kleiō), meaning 'to shut' or 'to close.'

G1161

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G3009

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: loh-KHOHN-tas

Translations: lying in wait, ambushing, setting an ambush, being in ambush

Notes: ΛΟΧΩΝΤΑΣ is the masculine nominative singular present active participle of the verb λοχάω. It describes someone who is actively lying in wait or setting an ambush. It is used to indicate an ongoing action of ambushing or being hidden in order to attack.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Present, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΕΝΕΔΡΕΥΩΝ, ΕΠΙΒΟΥΛΕΥΩΝ

Etymology: The verb λοχάω comes from λόχος (lókhos), meaning 'an ambush' or 'a company of soldiers'.

G4060

Part of Speech: Participle, Verb

Sounds like: peh-ree-KAH-thee-sas

Translations: surrounding, besieging, sitting around, encamping around

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition περί (peri), meaning "around" or "about," and the verb καθίζω (kathizo), meaning "to sit" or "to cause to sit." Therefore, it literally means "to sit around" or "to cause to sit around." In a military context, it is commonly used to describe the act of besieging a city or place, by encamping or sitting around it with an army. It can also refer to simply surrounding something or someone.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΙΟΡΚΕΩ, ΚΥΚΛΟΩ, ΚΥΚΛΟΘΕΝ

Etymology: The verb περικαθίζω (perikathizo) is a compound of περί (peri), meaning 'around' or 'about,' and καθίζω (kathizo), meaning 'to sit' or 'to cause to sit.' The root καθίζω comes from κάθημαι (kathēmai), 'to sit down,' which is itself from κατά (kata), 'down,' and ἧμαι (hēmai), 'to sit.'

G5037

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle

Sounds like: TEH

Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.

G1709

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-neh-PIM-prah

Translations: he was burning, it was burning, he was setting on fire, it was setting on fire

Notes: This word is the third person singular imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'ἐμπίπρημι'. It describes an action that was ongoing or repeated in the past. It means 'he/she/it was burning' or 'he/she/it was setting on fire'. It is often used to describe the destruction of cities, lands, or buildings by fire.

Inflection: Singular, 3rd Person, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΚΑΙΩ, ΠΥΡΠΟΛΕΩ

Etymology: The word ἐμπίπρημι is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἐν (en), meaning 'in' or 'on', and the verb πίπρημι (piprēmi), meaning 'to burn'. The root verb πίπρημι is related to πρήθω (prēthō), also meaning 'to blow' or 'to burn'.

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to

Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.

G1849

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eks-OR-may-sen

Translations: rushed out, set out, departed, went forth

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to rush out, set out, or depart, often with a sense of urgency or force. It describes an action of moving quickly from one place to another, typically from within to without. It can be used to describe people or animals setting forth on a journey or an attack.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ἈΠΈΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ἘΚΒΑΊΝΩ, ΠΟΡΕΎΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ἘΞΟΡΜΆΩ (exhormaō) is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἘΞ (ex), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb ὉΡΜΆΩ (hormaō), meaning 'to set in motion', 'to rush', or 'to urge on'.

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: pol-y-AN-thro-pon

Translations: populous, densely populated, full of people, well-manned, numerous

Notes: This is a compound adjective formed from 'πολύς' (polys), meaning 'many' or 'much', and 'ἄνθρωπος' (anthropos), meaning 'man' or 'human'. It describes a place or group that has a large number of people or is densely populated. It can also refer to a large or numerous force, such as an army.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative; or Singular, Masculine, Accusative

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΥΠΛΗΘΗΣ, ΠΟΛΥΣ

G2192

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: EKH-on-tas

Translations: having, holding, possessing, those having, the ones holding

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. As a participle, it functions both as a verb, indicating an action, and as an adjective, modifying a noun. In this form, it describes individuals or things that are in the process of having or holding something.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΕΚΤΗΜΕΝΟΥΣ, ΚΑΤΕΧΟΝΤΑΣ

Etymology: The verb ἔχω (echō) comes from Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ-, meaning 'to hold, to have'. It is a fundamental verb in Greek, with cognates in other Indo-European languages.

G5493

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: kheh-roh-SAH-meh-nos

Translations: having subdued, having conquered, having mastered, having brought into subjection, having overcome

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'χειρόω', meaning 'to subdue' or 'to conquer'. It describes an action that has been completed by the subject, indicating that they have successfully brought something or someone under their control or power. It is often used in contexts of military conquest, overcoming obstacles, or gaining mastery over a situation or people.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΥΠΟΤΑΣΣΩ, ΝΙΚΑΩ, ΚΑΤΑΚΥΡΙΕΥΩ

G4172

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: POH-lin

Translations: city, a city

Notes: The word 'πόλιν' is the accusative singular form of the noun 'πόλις', meaning 'city'. It refers to a populated place, typically larger than a village, with a defined administrative structure. As an accusative case, it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions, indicating the destination or the object being acted upon. For example, one might 'go into the city' or 'see the city'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The word 'πόλις' comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to a fortified place or citadel. It developed to mean a city-state in ancient Greece, encompassing both the physical settlement and its citizens.

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: lah-BOHN

Translations: taking, having taken, receiving, having received, seizing, having seized

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take,' 'to receive,' or 'to seize.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. It often indicates the means or circumstance by which another action takes place. For example, 'having taken the book, he read it' or 'receiving the gift, she smiled.'

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Singular, Masculine, Nominative

Synonyms: ΚΟΜΙΣΑΜΕΝΟΣ, ΔΕΞΑΜΕΝΟΣ, ΕΙΛΗΦΩΣ

G1750

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: em-PREE-sas

Translations: having burned, having set on fire, having consumed by fire

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to burn' or 'to set on fire'. It describes an action that has been completed in the past, indicating that someone or something has already performed the act of burning or setting something ablaze. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, and can also convey a causal or temporal relationship, such as 'because he burned' or 'after he burned'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Nominative, Singular, Masculine, Participle

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΚΑΙΩ, ΠΥΡΠΟΛΕΩ

G1519

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G5290

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-pes-TREP-sen

Translations: returned, went back, came back

Notes: This word means 'returned' or 'went back'. It describes the action of someone or something going back to a previous place or state. It is used to indicate a completed action in the past.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΕΠΙΣΤΡΕΦΩ

Etymology: From the preposition ὑπό (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'back', and the verb στρέφω (strephō), meaning 'to turn'. Thus, it literally means 'to turn back' or 'to turn under'.

G3129

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: mah-THON-tah

Translations: having learned, having understood, having been taught, having gained knowledge

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'μανθάνω' (manthano), meaning 'to learn' or 'to understand'. As an aorist active participle, it describes an action that was completed in the past and has a direct bearing on the main verb of the sentence. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or adverbially, indicating the circumstances or cause of the main action. For example, 'having learned the truth, he acted' or 'they, having been taught, went forth'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Accusative, Masculine, Singular or Accusative, Neuter, Plural

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΟΝΤΑ, ΕΙΔΟΤΑ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΟΝΤΑ

G1067

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: gay-toh-NEV-on-tah

Translations: neighboring, dwelling near, being a neighbor

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'neighboring' or 'dwelling near'. It describes something or someone that is in the process of being a neighbor or being situated nearby. It can function adjectivally, describing a noun, or adverbially, indicating the manner or circumstance of an action.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΓΓΥΣ, ΠΛΗΣΙΟΝ

Etymology: The word ΓΕΙΤΩΝ (geitōn) means 'neighbor' and is derived from γῆ (gē), meaning 'earth' or 'land', referring to someone living on the same land or nearby.

G0390

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-nes-TRO-fo-tah

Translations: having returned, having turned back, having conducted oneself, having lived, having behaved

Notes: This is the perfect active participle, neuter plural, of the verb ἀναστρέφω. It describes an action that has been completed in the past and has ongoing results. The verb generally means 'to turn back, return,' but it also frequently means 'to conduct oneself, to live, to behave' in a particular manner. In a sentence, it would describe something that has already returned or something that has already conducted itself in a certain way.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Participle, Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΙΤΕΥΟΜΑΙ, ΖΑΩ, ΠΕΡΙΠΑΤΕΩ

G4863

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-ath-ROI-zeh-tai

Translations: is gathered together, is assembled, is collected

Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning 'to be gathered together' or 'to be assembled'. It describes a group of people or things coming together in one place. It is used in the passive voice, indicating that the subject is being gathered by an external force or circumstance.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΓΩ, ΣΥΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΘΡΟΙΖΩ

Etymology: The word ΣΥΝΑΘΡΟΙΖΩ is formed from the prefix ΣΥΝ- (syn-), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΑΘΡΟΙΖΩ (athroizō), meaning 'to gather' or 'to collect'.

G1722

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G2607

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: kah-tah-FYOO-gon-tes

Translations: having fled for refuge, taking refuge, those who fled for refuge, those who took refuge

Notes: This word describes the action of fleeing to a place or person for safety, protection, or shelter. It implies seeking refuge from danger or difficulty. It is often used to describe people who have sought asylum or protection.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΦΕΥΓΩ, ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΔΙΑΦΕΥΓΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb φεύγω (pheugō), meaning 'to flee' or 'to escape'. Thus, it literally means 'to flee down to' or 'to flee for refuge'.

G1243

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: dee-AH-thay-mah

Translations: covenant, a covenant, testament, a testament, ordinance, an ordinance, will, a will

Notes: This word refers to a solemn disposition, arrangement, or settlement, especially one made by God with humanity, or a legal will or testament. It signifies a binding agreement or decree, often with specific terms and conditions. It can be used to describe a divine promise or a human last will.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΘΗΚΗ, ΟΡΚΟΣ, ΔΙΑΘΗΚΗ

Etymology: From the Greek verb διατίθημι (diatithēmi), meaning 'to arrange, dispose, or make a covenant'. It is related to the concept of setting something in order or making a formal disposition.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G5432

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: froo-REE-on

Translations: fortress, a fortress, stronghold, a stronghold, garrison, a garrison

Notes: This word refers to a fortified place, such as a fortress, stronghold, or a place where a military garrison is stationed. It is used to describe a secure and defensible structure, often built for protection or as a military base.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΧΥΡΩΜΑ, ΠΥΡΓΟΣ, ΤΕΙΧΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb φρουρέω (phroureō), meaning 'to guard, to watch over', which itself comes from φύλαξ (phylax), meaning 'a guard'. Thus, it denotes a place that is guarded or watched over.

G3992

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: PEM-psan-tes

Translations: having sent, sending, dispatching, escorting, accompanying

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ΠΕΜΠΩ', meaning 'to send' or 'to dispatch'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action performed by the subject. It can be translated as 'having sent' or 'sending', indicating an action that has occurred or is occurring in relation to the main verb of the sentence. It can also mean to escort or accompany someone.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ, ΕΞΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ

G1213

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-DAY-loon

Translations: they were showing, they were making clear, they were declaring, they were revealing

Notes: This is the third person plural imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'δηλόω' (dēloō). It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, meaning 'they were showing,' 'they were making clear,' or 'they were declaring.' It implies that the action of making something known or evident was in progress or habitual at a past time.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΦΑΙΝΩ, ΑΠΟΚΑΛΥΠΤΩ, ΓΝΩΡΙΖΩ

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

G3754

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: lah-BANE

Translations: to take, to receive, to get, to seize, to grasp, to obtain

Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. As an infinitive, it functions like the English 'to take' or 'to receive', indicating the action itself without specifying a subject or tense, often used after other verbs or prepositions. It can refer to physically taking something, receiving a gift or information, or grasping a concept.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ, ΑΙΡΕΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *slegh- ('to seize, to take'). In Greek, it developed into 'λαμβάνω', meaning 'to take, to grasp, to receive'.

G4704

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: es-poo-DAH-ken

Translations: he has been diligent, he has made haste, he has been eager, he has striven, he has been earnest

Notes: This is the third person singular, perfect active indicative form of the verb σπουδάζω. It describes an action that was completed in the past and whose results continue into the present. It means to be diligent, to make haste, to be eager, or to strive earnestly. It indicates a strong commitment or effort towards an action or goal.

Inflection: 3rd Person Singular, Perfect Active Indicative

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΜΕΛΕΟΜΑΙ, ΤΑΧΥΝΩ, ΣΠΕΥΔΩ

Etymology: The word σπουδάζω (spoudazō) comes from σπουδή (spoudē), meaning 'haste, earnestness, zeal'.

G5561

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kho-REE-on

Translations: field, a field, piece of land, a piece of land, place, a place, region, a region, country, a country, village, a village

Notes: This word refers to a specific piece of land, a field, or a defined area. It can also denote a region, country, or even a village. It is often used to describe a plot of ground, especially one used for agriculture or as a dwelling place.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΓΡΟΣ, ΤΟΠΟΣ, ΚΩΜΗ

Etymology: ΧΩΡΙΟΝ is a diminutive of χῶρος (chōros), meaning 'place' or 'space'. Over time, it came to specifically denote a smaller, defined area, such as a field or a village.

G4933, G1909, G5343

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-eh-peh-FEW-geh-san

Translations: they had fled together, they had escaped together, they had taken refuge together

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the prefixes 'συν-' (together) and 'ἐπι-' (upon, to, in addition) and the verb 'φεύγω' (to flee). It describes an action where multiple individuals had previously fled or escaped together, or had taken refuge in a group. The action is completed in the past, indicating a state of having fled together.

Inflection: 3rd Person Plural, Pluperfect, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΕΚΦΕΥΓΩ, ΣΥΝΑΠΟΔΙΔΡΑΣΚΩ

G0314

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-nah-gih-noh-skoh-MEH-nohn

Translations: of those being read, of things being read, of reading

Notes: This word is a present passive participle, meaning 'of those being read' or 'of things being read'. It describes an action that is currently happening to the subject, specifically the act of being read or recognized. It functions adjectivally or substantively in a sentence, indicating the genitive plural of whatever is undergoing the action of reading.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Genitive, Plural, All genders

Synonyms: ἈΝΑΓΙΝΩΣΚΟΝΤΩΝ, ἈΝΑΓΝΩΣΕΩΣ

G3854

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pa-ra-GIG-non-tai

Translations: they come, they arrive, they are present, they appear

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and the verb γίγνομαι (gignomai), meaning 'to become' or 'to be born'. Together, it means to come alongside, to arrive, or to be present. It is used to describe people or things arriving at a specific location or appearing in a particular context.

Inflection: 3rd Person, Plural, Present, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΗΚΩ, ΠΑΡΕΙΜΙ

G4591

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: say-MAH-ee-non-tes

Translations: signifying, indicating, showing, making known, announcing, explaining, giving a sign

Notes: This word describes the act of giving a sign, indicating something, or making something known. It can refer to communicating information, revealing a future event, or simply pointing something out. In the provided context, it refers to messengers 'making known' or 'announcing' that people had gathered.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ΔΗΛΟΩ, ΓΝΩΡΙΖΩ, ΦΑΝΕΡΟΩ

G4425

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: PTO-le-MAH-ee-doss

Translations: of Ptolemais

Notes: Ptolemais was an ancient city on the coast of Phoenicia, known today as Acre or Akko in modern-day Israel. It was a significant port city during the Hellenistic and Roman periods, often mentioned in historical and biblical texts. The name 'Ptolemais' was given to it by Ptolemy II Philadelphus, an Egyptian pharaoh, in the 3rd century BC.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The city was originally known as Akko. It was renamed Ptolemais by Ptolemy II Philadelphus, a king of the Ptolemaic Kingdom in ancient Egypt, in the 3rd century BC. The name 'Ptolemais' is derived from his name.

G3767

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OON

Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.

G4648

Part of Speech: Verb Participle

Sounds like: skep-SAH-meh-nos

Translations: having looked, having considered, having examined, having observed, having thought

Notes: This word is an aorist middle participle of the verb 'σKέπτομαι' (skeptomai), meaning 'to look at, consider, examine, or observe'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action completed in the past by the subject of the main verb. It implies a deliberate act of looking or considering before another action takes place.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Middle, Participle

Synonyms: ΘΕΑΣΑΜΕΝΟΣ, ΕΠΙΒΛΕΨΑΣ, ΚΑΤΑΝΟΗΣΑΣ

G5101

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE

Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing

Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.

G5534

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: KHRAY

Translations: it is necessary, it is proper, one ought, must, should

Notes: This is an impersonal verb meaning 'it is necessary' or 'it is proper'. It is often used to express a moral obligation or a logical necessity. It typically takes an infinitive or an accusative with an infinitive to complete its meaning, indicating what is necessary or proper to do.

Inflection: Impersonal, 3rd person singular, Present, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΔΕΙ, ΕΞΕΣΤΙ

Etymology: From an obsolete verb χράω (chraō), meaning 'to furnish what is needful'. It is related to words concerning use and usefulness.

G4160

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: poy-EH-in

Translations: to do, to make, to produce, to create, to perform, to accomplish, to bring about

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'ποιέω' (poieō), meaning 'to do' or 'to make'. It is a very common verb in Koine Greek and can be used in a wide range of contexts, from physical actions like making something, to abstract actions like performing a deed or bringing something about. It often indicates the execution of an action or the creation of an object.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ

Etymology: The word 'ποιέω' (poieō) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to an old root meaning 'to make' or 'to create'.

G3303

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN

Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however

Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.

G80

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-del-FON

Translations: brother, a brother, fellowman, countryman, kinsman

Notes: This word refers to a brother by birth, but it can also be used more broadly to refer to a fellow countryman, a kinsman, or a spiritual brother (such as a fellow believer in a religious community). It is often used in the New Testament to address members of the Christian community. In a sentence, it would function as the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition when in the accusative case.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative

Synonyms: ΣΥΓΓΕΝΗΣ, ΟΜΟΙΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΔΕΛΦΟΣ is a compound word derived from the prefix ἀ- (a-), meaning 'together' or 'same', and δελφύς (delphys), meaning 'womb'. Thus, it literally means 'from the same womb'.

G5613

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: lah-BON-tah

Translations: taking, having taken, receiving, having received, seizing, having seized

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take,' 'to receive,' or 'to seize.' As a participle, it functions like a verbal adjective, describing an action that has already occurred or is completed in relation to the main verb of the sentence. It can be translated as 'having taken,' 'having received,' or 'having seized,' indicating the completion of the action.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Accusative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

G1056

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: gah-lee-LAH-yah

Translations: Galilee

Notes: Galilee is a region in northern ancient Israel, known for its fertile land and significant role in biblical history, particularly as the primary setting for Jesus's ministry. It is often referred to in the New Testament.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Genitive, or Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The name 'Galilee' comes from the Hebrew word 'galil' (גָּלִיל), meaning 'circle' or 'district'. It referred to a district of northern Israel, particularly the region inhabited by Gentiles.

G1831

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ex-EL-thain

Translations: to go out, to come out, to depart, to exit

Notes: This word is an aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'exerchomai', meaning 'to go out' or 'to come out'. It is a compound verb formed from 'ek' (out of) and 'erchomai' (to come/go). It describes the action of moving from an inside place to an outside place, or from one state to another. It can be used in contexts like leaving a house, departing from a city, or emerging from a situation.

Inflection: Infinitive, Aorist, Active

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΒΑΙΝΩ, ΕΚΒΑΙΝΩ, ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOS

Translations: he, she, it, they, him, her, it, them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, same, very

Notes: ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is a versatile word in Koine Greek. As a third-person pronoun, it translates to 'he, she, it' or 'they' in the nominative case, and 'him, her, it' or 'them' in other cases. When used intensively, often in the nominative or immediately following the noun, it means 'himself, herself, itself, themselves' or 'even, very'. When used as an adjective with the definite article (e.g., 'ὁ αὐτὸς'), it means 'the same'. Its meaning depends on its grammatical function and position in the sentence.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΣ, ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a pronominal stem *au- or *aw-.

G2087

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: EH-teh-ross

Translations: other, another, different, a different

Notes: This word means 'other' or 'another', specifically implying a qualitative difference or a different kind, as opposed to 'allos' which means 'another of the same kind'. It is used to distinguish one thing from another that is distinct in nature or type. For example, 'a different man' or 'another kind of thing'.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular. This word inflects for gender, number, and case.

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'other' or 'different'. It is related to Latin 'alter' and English 'other'.

G0080

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-del-FOS

Translations: brother, a brother, fellow countryman, kinsman, fellow believer

Notes: This word refers to a brother, either by birth or by a close familial or social bond. It can also be used metaphorically to refer to a fellow countryman, a kinsman, or a fellow believer in a religious context. It is a masculine noun.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ἈΝΗΡ, ΣΥΝΕΡΓΟΣ, ἙΤΑΙΡΟΣ

Etymology: From the prefix ἀ- (a-), meaning 'together' or 'same', and δελφύς (delphys), meaning 'womb'. Thus, it literally means 'from the same womb'.

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, after, among, behind, by, in company with, in pursuit of, according to

Notes: This word is a preposition that can also function as an adverb. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it usually means 'after' or 'behind' (indicating sequence or pursuit). It can also denote a change of state or position.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases)

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'μετά' (meta) comes from Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is related to English 'mid' and 'middle'.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: gah-lah-DEE-tin

Translations: Gilead, the region of Gilead

Notes: This word refers to Gilead, a mountainous region east of the Jordan River in ancient Palestine. It is used to denote the geographical area itself. In the provided examples, it is used with the preposition 'εἰς' (eis) meaning 'into' or 'to', indicating movement towards or entry into the region of Gilead.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The word ΓΑΛΑΔΙΤΙΣ is derived from ΓΑΛΑΑΔ (Galaad), which is the Greek transliteration of the Hebrew name Gil'ad (גִּלְעָד). It refers to the region associated with the biblical figure Gilead.

G2641

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-teh-LIH-pen

Translations: he left, he abandoned, he forsook, he remained, he bequeathed

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb καταλείπω (kataleipō). It means 'he/she/it left behind,' 'abandoned,' 'forsook,' or 'remained.' It can also imply leaving something as an inheritance or legacy. It is used to describe an action completed in the past.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΑΦΙΗΜΙ, ΕΓΚΑΤΑΛΕΙΠΩ, ΥΠΟΛΕΙΠΩ

Etymology: The word καταλείπω (kataleipō) is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against,' and the verb λείπω (leipō), meaning 'to leave' or 'to abandon.'

G5274

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: hoo-po-LOI-pohn

Translations: of the remaining, of the rest, of the others

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'remaining' or 'the rest'. It is a compound word formed from 'ὑπό' (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'remaining', and 'λοιπός' (loipos), meaning 'remaining' or 'the rest'. It is used to refer to what is left over or those who are left behind. In this form, it is in the genitive plural, indicating possession or relation, often translated as 'of the remaining ones' or 'of the rest'.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΛΟΙΠΩΝ, ΕΠΙΛΟΙΠΩΝ

G0001

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ah-zah-REE-ahn

Translations: Azariah

Notes: Azariah is a Hebrew proper name meaning 'Yahweh has helped' or 'Yahweh is my help'. It refers to several individuals in the Old Testament, most notably one of Daniel's three companions who was thrown into the fiery furnace (also known by his Babylonian name Abednego). It is used to refer to this specific person.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Azariah is of Hebrew origin, derived from the elements 'azar' (to help) and 'Yah' (a shortened form of Yahweh, the name of God). It is a common name in the Old Testament, borne by many individuals.

G4367

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-TAK-sas

Translations: having commanded, having ordered, having instructed, having appointed

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having commanded' or 'having ordered'. It describes an action that was completed in the past and has a direct bearing on the present situation or subsequent events. It is often used to indicate that someone has given an authoritative directive or instruction.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΝΤΕΙΛΑΜΕΝΟΣ, ΚΕΛΕΥΣΑΣ, ΕΠΙΤΑΞΑΣ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΣΤΑΣΣΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΠΡΟΣ (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and ΤΑΣΣΩ (tassō), meaning 'to arrange' or 'to appoint'. Thus, it literally means 'to arrange towards' or 'to appoint to', leading to the sense of commanding or ordering.

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOYS

Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her

Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

G5442

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: foo-LAT-tayn

Translations: to guard, to keep, to observe, to protect, to preserve, to watch over

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to guard, keep, or protect. It can be used in various contexts, such as guarding a place, keeping a command or law, observing a custom, or protecting someone from harm. It implies a sense of careful oversight and preservation.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΤΗΡΕΩ, ΔΙΑΦΥΛΑΣΣΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΧΩ

Etymology: The word ΦΥΛΑΣΣΩ comes from the Greek word φύλαξ (phylax), meaning 'a guard' or 'a watcher'.

G1960

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: ep-ee-meh-LOHS

Translations: carefully, diligently, assiduously, accurately

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'carefully' or 'diligently'. It describes an action performed with great attention to detail and thoroughness. It can be used to emphasize the precision or earnestness with which something is done.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΚΡΙΒΩΣ, ΣΠΟΥΔΑΙΩΣ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙΜΕΛΩΣ (epimelōs) is derived from the adjective ἘΠΙΜΕΛΗΣ (epimelēs), meaning 'careful' or 'diligent', which itself comes from the verb ἘΠΙΜΕΛΕΟΜΑΙ (epimeleomai), meaning 'to take care of'.

G4863

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-AP-tin

Translations: to join, to connect, to engage, to engage in battle

Notes: This verb means to join together, to connect, or to engage. It is often used in the context of engaging in battle or conflict, signifying the act of coming together to fight. It can also refer to forming a connection or alliance.

Inflection: Present Active Infinitive

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΔΕΩ, ΣΥΝΕΧΩ, ΣΥΝΙΣΤΗΜΙ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek συνάπτω (sunáptō), from σύν (sýn, “with, together”) + ἅπτω (háptō, “to fasten, to join”).

G3367

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: may-THEH-nah

Translations: no one, nobody, nothing, any, not any, none

Notes: This word is a negative indefinite pronoun or adjective, meaning 'no one', 'nobody', 'nothing', or 'not any'. It is used to express a complete absence or negation of something or someone. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, indicating that there is 'not any' of that noun. As a pronoun, it stands in for 'no one' or 'nothing'. It is often used in prohibitions or commands, especially with the subjunctive mood, to forbid an action.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine or Feminine, Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΙΣ, ΟΥΔΕΝ

G2193

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: EH-ohs

Translations: until, while, as long as, up to, even to, as far as

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a point in time or extent in space. It is commonly translated as 'until' or 'as long as' when referring to time, and 'up to' or 'as far as' when referring to space. It can also mean 'while' or 'during the time that', often introducing a temporal clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΕΧΡΙ, ΑΧΡΙ, ΠΡΙΝ

Etymology: From a prolonged form of a primary particle. It is an ancient Greek word with a long history of use in temporal and spatial contexts.

G0302

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: AHN

Translations: if, ever, might, would, should

Notes: This word is a particle used to express contingency, possibility, or potentiality. It does not have a direct English equivalent but modifies the meaning of the verb it accompanies, often indicating that an action is dependent on a condition or is hypothetical. It is frequently used with the subjunctive or optative moods to form conditional clauses or express indefinite temporal or relative clauses.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The origin of this particle is uncertain, but it is believed to be an ancient particle in Greek, possibly related to the concept of 'on' or 'up' in some contexts, though its primary function became conditional.

G3854

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pa-ra-geh-NO-meh-nos

Translations: having come, having arrived, being present, having appeared

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'παραγίνομαι', meaning 'to come alongside', 'to arrive', or 'to be present'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred relative to the main verb of the sentence. It often functions adverbially, indicating the circumstances or time of the main action, such as 'when he had come' or 'after arriving'.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΗΚΩ, ΦΘΑΝΩ

Etymology: The word 'παραγίνομαι' is a compound word formed from the preposition 'παρά' (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become' or 'to come into being'. Together, they convey the sense of 'coming alongside' or 'arriving'.

G4820

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: soom-bal-OHN

Translations: having met, having engaged, having contributed, having conferred, having joined battle

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle of the verb 'συμβάλλω' (symballō), which is a compound word formed from 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and 'βάλλω' (ballō), meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast'. It generally means 'to throw together', 'to bring together', 'to meet', 'to encounter', 'to engage in battle', 'to contribute', or 'to confer'. As a participle, it describes an action completed prior to the main verb, often translated as 'having met' or 'having engaged'. It can be used to describe someone who has joined forces, encountered an opponent, or contributed to something.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Nominative Singular

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΤΥΓΧΑΝΩ, ΣΥΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΣΥΝΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ

G5343

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: foo-GAYN

Translations: flight, a flight, escape, a fleeing

Notes: This word refers to the act of fleeing or escaping, often from danger or pursuit. It can describe a rapid departure or a strategic withdrawal. In a sentence, it would typically be used to describe the action of someone or a group of people running away.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΦΥΓΗ, ΕΚΦΥΓΗ

Etymology: The word ΦΥΓΗ (phygē) comes from the verb φεύγω (pheugō), meaning 'to flee' or 'to escape'. It is related to the Proto-Indo-European root *bheug- meaning 'to flee'.

G3360

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEKH-ree

Translations: until, up to, as far as, even to, while, during

Notes: This word indicates a point in time or space that is reached, meaning 'until' or 'up to'. As a preposition, it takes the genitive case and specifies the limit of an action or state. As an adverb, it can modify verbs or clauses, indicating duration or extent. As a conjunction, it introduces a temporal clause, meaning 'while' or 'until'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΩΣ, ΑΧΡΙ

Etymology: From an assumed base *mekh-, perhaps related to μέγας (megas, “great”) or μήκος (mēkos, “length”). It denotes a limit or extent.

G4012

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

G0337

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: an-ee-RAY-men-ohn

Translations: of those who have been taken up, of those who have been killed, of those who have been destroyed, of those who have been carried off

Notes: This word is the genitive plural, masculine or neuter, perfect passive participle of the verb ἀναιρέω (anaireō). It describes a state of having been taken up, killed, or destroyed. It is used to refer to a group of people or things that have undergone this action, often in a context of violence or removal.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΛΛΥΜΕΝΩΝ, ΦΟΝΕΥΘΕΝΤΩΝ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀνά (aná, 'up, again') and αἱρέω (hairéō, 'to take, seize'). The combination means to take up, carry off, or destroy.

G1863

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: eh-pah-GOH-meh-nos

Translations: bringing on, leading on, bringing in, bringing with, bringing upon, introducing, inducing, adding, inflicting

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle of the verb 'epagō'. It describes an action of bringing something or someone along, leading them in, or bringing something upon someone. It can also mean to introduce, induce, or inflict. The meaning often depends on the context and the case of the noun it modifies.

Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive Voice, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΑΓΩ, ΦΕΡΩ, ΕΙΣΑΓΩ

G0390

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-nes-TREP-sen

Translations: returned, turned back, turned around, overturned, overthrew, conducted oneself, behaved

Notes: This is a verb meaning to turn back, return, or to turn around. It can also mean to overturn or overthrow something. In a figurative sense, it can refer to one's conduct or behavior, meaning to conduct oneself or behave in a certain way. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'back', and the verb στρέφω (strephō), meaning 'to turn'.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ἘΠΙΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ὙΠΟΣΤΡΕΦΩ

Etymology: The word ἀναστρέφω (anastrephō) is formed from the prefix ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'back', and the verb στρέφω (strephō), meaning 'to turn'. It implies a turning motion, either literally or figuratively, often indicating a return or a change in direction or state.

G3117

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: mah-kah-BAH-yos

Translations: Maccabeus

Notes: This is a proper noun referring to Judas Maccabeus, a prominent Jewish leader who led the Maccabean Revolt against the Seleucid Empire in the 2nd century BCE. The name 'Maccabeus' is believed to be a nickname meaning 'the Hammer', referring to his military prowess. It is used to identify this specific historical figure.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name 'Maccabeus' is of Aramaic origin, likely derived from the word 'maqqaba' meaning 'hammer', or from the Hebrew phrase 'Mi kamokha ba'elim Adonai' ('Who is like You among the gods, O Lord?'), which was supposedly inscribed on his banner.

G1224

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: dee-ah-VAN-tes

Translations: having crossed, having passed through, crossing, passing through

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'διαβαίνω' (diabainō), meaning 'to cross over' or 'to pass through'. As a participle, it describes an action related to the main verb of a sentence, often indicating a completed action (e.g., 'having crossed') or an action occurring concurrently with the main verb (e.g., 'while crossing'). It is used to describe someone or something that has performed the action of crossing or passing through.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΑΣΑΝΤΕΣ, ΔΙΕΛΘΟΝΤΕΣ

G0575

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: AP

Translations: from, away from, of, by, with, after, since

Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'ἀπό' (apo), which means 'from' or 'away from'. It is commonly used to indicate separation, origin, or cause. It can also function as a prefix in compound words, carrying a similar sense of separation or completion. When used as a preposition, it typically takes the genitive case. The apostrophe indicates that the final vowel (omicron) has been dropped because the next word begins with a vowel.

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition); functions as a prefix in compound words

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: The Greek preposition 'ἀπό' (apo) comes from Proto-Indo-European *apo-, meaning 'off, away'.

G0409

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-NOO-sahn-tes

Translations: having accomplished, having completed, having finished, having performed, having achieved

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ἀνύω', meaning 'to accomplish' or 'to complete'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has been completed by the subject. It indicates that the action of accomplishing or finishing has already taken place.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΤΕΛΕΣΑΝΤΕΣ, ΠΕΡΑΝΤΕΣ, ΕΚΤΕΛΕΣΑΝΤΕΣ

G3463

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: nah-bah-TAH-ee-oys

Translations: to Nabataeans, for Nabataeans

Notes: This word refers to the Nabataeans, an ancient Arab people who inhabited northern Arabia and the southern Levant. They were known for their impressive rock-cut architecture, especially in Petra, and their control over trade routes. This form of the word indicates that it is the indirect object of a verb or preposition, meaning 'to' or 'for' the Nabataeans.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine

Etymology: The word is derived from the name of the Nabataeans, an ancient Semitic people. It is of Aramaic origin, referring to the inhabitants of Nabataea.

G5221

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-pan-TAH-oh-sin

Translations: to meet, to go to meet, to come to meet

Notes: This word means to meet someone or something, often with the implication of going out to encounter them. It can describe a deliberate action of approaching another person or group, whether for a friendly encounter, a confrontation, or a formal reception. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ΥΠΟ (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'from under', and ΑΝΤΑΩ (antao), meaning 'to meet' or 'to come opposite to'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΝΤΑΩ, ΑΠΑΝΤΑΩ

G4045

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-ree-TYNG-kha-noo-sin

Translations: they happen upon, they meet with, they obtain, they encounter

Notes: This is a compound verb meaning 'to happen upon,' 'to meet with,' 'to obtain,' or 'to encounter.' It describes the act of coming across something or someone, often by chance or unexpectedly. It is formed from the preposition περί (peri), meaning 'around' or 'about,' and the verb τυγχάνω (tynchanō), meaning 'to happen' or 'to obtain.'

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Present, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΝΤΑΩ, ΕΝΤΥΓΧΑΝΩ

G1334

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: dee-ay-gay-sah-MEH-non

Translations: of those who related, of those who recounted, of those who narrated, of those who declared

Notes: This word is a participle, indicating an action that has been completed. It comes from a deponent verb, meaning it has a passive form but an active meaning. It describes the action of relating, recounting, or narrating something, often a story or an event. As a genitive plural participle, it refers to 'those' who performed the action of relating.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΠΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΕΚΔΙΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΔΙΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G5432

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: phroo-REE-oyce

Translations: to a fortress, to fortresses, to a garrison, to garrisons, in a fortress, in fortresses, in a garrison, in garrisons

Notes: This word refers to a fortified place, such as a fortress, castle, or stronghold, or the garrison of soldiers stationed there. It is used to describe a secure location or a military post. In the provided examples, it is used in the dative case, indicating location ('in the fortresses') or direction ('to the fortresses').

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΤΕΙΧΟΣ, ΠΥΡΓΟΣ, ΟΧΥΡΩΜΑ

G0618

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: ah-peh-leel-im-MEH-noy

Translations: taken away, cut off, intercepted, isolated, surrounded, received back, those taken away, those cut off, those intercepted, those isolated, those surrounded, those received back

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been taken away' or 'having been cut off'. It describes a state of being separated, isolated, or surrounded. It is often used to describe people who are trapped or cut off from others, or who have received something back. It is a compound word formed from 'ἀπό' (apo, meaning 'from' or 'away from') and 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō, meaning 'to take' or 'to receive').

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine, Perfect, Passive, Participle

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΚΟΠΤΟ, ΠΕΡΙΚΥΚΛΟΩ, ἈΠΟΜΟΝΟΩ

Etymology: The word ἀπολαμβάνω (apolambanō) is derived from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb λαμβάνω (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. Its etymology reflects the core meaning of taking something away or receiving something back.

G3867

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: pa-rahee-ne-SAN-tohn

Translations: of having exhorted, of having advised, of having encouraged

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'paraineo', meaning to exhort, advise, or encourage. As a genitive plural participle, it describes the action of multiple people who have already performed the act of exhorting or advising. It functions like an adjective modifying a noun in the genitive case, indicating possession or origin related to the action of advising.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Plural

Synonyms: ΝΟΥΘΕΤΕΩ, ΣΥΜΒΟΥΛΕΥΩ

G0246

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: al-LO-fy-looss

Translations: foreigners, strangers, aliens, people of another tribe

Notes: This word refers to people of a different race, tribe, or nation. In a biblical context, it often denotes non-Israelites or those who are not part of the chosen people. It is used to describe those who are 'other' or 'alien' in terms of origin or affiliation.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΞΕΝΟΣ, ΕΘΝΙΚΟΣ

Etymology: The word is a compound of ἄλλος (allos), meaning 'other, different', and φυλή (phylē), meaning 'tribe, race, nation'.

G4982

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: SOH-dzein

Translations: to save, to deliver, to preserve, to make whole, to heal

Notes: This word means to save, deliver, preserve, or make whole. It can refer to physical deliverance from danger, preservation of life, or healing from illness. In a spiritual context, it often refers to salvation from sin and its consequences, leading to eternal life.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΡΥΟΜΑΙ, ΔΙΑΣΩΖΩ, ΣΩΤΗΡΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΣΩΖΩ (sōzō) comes from the ancient Greek root *σῶς (sōs), meaning 'safe' or 'sound'. It is related to the concept of wholeness and well-being.

G3662

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: oh-moh-ETH-nees

Translations: of the same nation, fellow countrymen, compatriots

Notes: This word is a compound adjective meaning 'of the same nation' or 'fellow countrymen'. It is used to describe people who share the same ethnic or national origin. It is often used in a substantive sense, referring to a group of people as 'fellow countrymen'.

Inflection: Plural, Masculine or Feminine, Nominative, Accusative, or Genitive

Synonyms: ΣΥΜΦΥΛΕΤΗΣ, ΣΥΜΠΟΛΙΤΗΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΜΟΕΘΝΗΣ is a compound word formed from ὅμοιος (homoios), meaning 'like, similar, same', and ἔθνος (ethnos), meaning 'nation, people'.

G3982

Part of Speech: Participle, Verb

Sounds like: peess-THEYS

Translations: having been persuaded, having been convinced, having obeyed, having trusted

Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle derived from the verb ΠΕΙΘΩ (peithō), meaning 'to persuade' or 'to convince'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred, indicating that the subject has undergone the process of being persuaded or convinced. It can also imply having obeyed or trusted, as a result of being persuaded. It functions adjectivally or adverbially in a sentence, often indicating the cause or circumstance of another action.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΠΕΠΕΙΣΜΕΝΟΣ, ΠΕΠΟΙΘΩΣ

Etymology: The word ΠΕΙΘΩ (peithō) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to bind, to tie, to persuade, to believe'. It is related to concepts of trust, faith, and obedience.

G4363

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pros-PES-ohn

Translations: having fallen upon, having fallen down, having prostrated oneself, having fallen, having bowed down

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle of the verb 'προσπίπτω' (prospiptō), meaning 'to fall upon' or 'to fall down before'. It describes an action that has been completed in the past, often indicating a sudden or decisive movement. It can be used to describe someone falling to the ground in supplication, worship, or in an act of attack or collision.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΠΙΠΤΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΥΝΕΩ

G2598

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: kah-tah-bah-LON

Translations: throwing down, casting down, laying down, overthrowing, founding, having thrown down, having cast down, having laid down, having overthrown, having founded

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb βάλλω (ballo), meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast'. As a whole, it means to throw down, cast down, or lay down. It can be used literally, such as throwing something to the ground, or figuratively, like overthrowing an enemy or laying the foundation of something. In its participle form, as seen here, it often describes an action that has been completed, such as 'having thrown down' or 'when he had thrown down'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΡΙΠΤΩ, ΕΚΒΑΛΛΩ, ΘΕΜΕΛΙΟΩ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΑΒΑΛΛΩ is a compound of the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb ΒΑΛΛΩ (ballo), meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast'. Both components are ancient Greek words with long histories.

G3956

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: PAN

Translations: all, every, whole, everything, a whole

Notes: This word is the neuter nominative or accusative singular form of the adjective/pronoun ΠΑΣ (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'. It is used to indicate totality or universality. For example, it can mean 'all things' or 'everything' when used substantively, or 'the whole' when modifying a singular noun. It can also be used to mean 'every' when referring to individual items within a group.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ

Etymology: The word ΠΑΣ (pas) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *peh₂- meaning 'to protect, feed'. Its meaning evolved to 'all' or 'whole' in Greek.

G1410

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: doo-NA-meh-non

Translations: being able, able, capable, powerful

Notes: This word is a present participle derived from the verb 'δύναμαι' (dynamai), meaning 'to be able' or 'to have power'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing someone or something that is currently able or capable of doing something. It can be used to describe a person or thing that possesses power or ability.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter, Present, Middle/Passive

Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΡΟΝ, ΔΥΝΑΤΟΝ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑΖΟΝ

Etymology: The word 'δύναμαι' (dynamai) comes from the Greek root 'δύνα-' (dyna-), which relates to power, strength, and ability. It is connected to words like 'δύναμις' (dynamis, power) and 'δυνατός' (dynatos, powerful).

G5261

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-FAP-sen

Translations: he set on fire, she set on fire, it set on fire, he kindled, she kindled, it kindled, he ignited, she ignited, it ignited

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb ὑφάπτω (hyphaptō), meaning 'to set on fire' or 'to kindle'. It describes an action completed in the past, indicating that someone or something ignited or set fire to an object. It is a compound verb formed from ὑπό (hypo, 'under' or 'secretly') and ἅπτω (haptō, 'to fasten', 'to light').

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΚΑΙΩ, ΠΥΡΠΟΛΕΩ, ΑΝΑΠΤΩ

G1909

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: eh-pee-geh-no-MEH-nays

Translations: of coming on, of happening, of ensuing, of supervening, of arriving, of following

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'ἐπί' (upon, over) and the verb 'γίνομαι' (to become, to happen). It describes something that comes upon, happens, or follows after something else. It is often used to indicate the arrival of a specific time, event, or condition, such as the coming of night or the onset of a situation.

Inflection: Aorist Middle Participle, Genitive, Singular, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΣΥΜΒΑΙΝΩ, ΑΚΟΛΟΥΘΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΠΙΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ is a compound of the preposition ΕΠΙ (upon, over) and the verb ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ (to become, to happen). The root ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to come into being' or 'to be born'.

G3761

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: OOD

Translations: not, no, nor, neither, not even

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It is often used in combination with other negative words to strengthen the negation, such as in the phrase "οὐ μή" (ou mē), which conveys a strong, emphatic negation, often translated as "never" or "by no means." It can also function as a conjunction meaning "nor" or "neither," connecting two negative clauses or ideas.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΜΗ

Etymology: From the negative particle οὐ (ou) and the particle δέ (de), meaning 'but' or 'and'. It emphasizes the negation.

G1907

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-PEH-skhen

Translations: he held back, he restrained, he stopped, he delayed, he paid attention, he applied himself

Notes: This is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'ἐπέχω'. It means 'he held back' or 'he restrained', often implying a pause or delay. It can also mean 'to pay attention' or 'to apply oneself to something', depending on the context. In the provided examples, it seems to convey the sense of 'he delayed' or 'he waited'.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΑΝΑΣΤΕΛΛΩ, ΚΩΛΥΩ

G0243

Part of Speech: Prefix

Sounds like: ALL

Translations: other, another, different, foreign

Notes: This is a prefix form of the word 'ἄλλος' (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to form compound words that convey the idea of something being different, foreign, or belonging to another group. For example, 'ἀλλογενῶν' means 'of other races', 'ἀλλότριοι' means 'strangers' or 'foreigners', and 'ἀλλόφυλους' means 'foreigners' or 'of another tribe'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix)

Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: DEE

Translations: through, by means of, on account of, because of, 14

Notes: This word is most commonly an elided form of the preposition ΔΙΑ (dia), meaning 'through', 'by means of', 'on account of', or 'because of'. It is used to indicate the means by which something is done or the reason for an action. It can also represent the Greek numeral 14, indicated by a keraia (a mark similar to an apostrophe) which is often omitted in transcription.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or numeral)

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΥΠΟ, ΕΝΕΚΕΝ

Etymology: The preposition ΔΙΑ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G4846

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-eh-BAH-ee-nen

Translations: it happened, it came to pass, it occurred, it resulted, it turned out, it befell

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΣΥΝ (together with) and the verb ΒΑΙΝΩ (to go). It means 'to go together with' or 'to come together', and by extension, 'to happen', 'to occur', or 'to turn out'. It describes an event or outcome that takes place, often implying a natural or logical consequence. It is frequently used impersonally, as in 'it happened that...' or 'it came to pass that...'.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΑΠΟΒΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: The word ΣΥΜΒΑΙΝΩ is a compound of the preposition ΣΥΝ (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΒΑΙΝΩ (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to step'. Its meaning evolved from 'to go together' to 'to come to pass' or 'to happen'.

G4060

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: peh-ree-kah-theh-ZOH-meh-noo

Translations: besieging, surrounding, sitting around, encamping around

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle of the verb 'perikathizomai', meaning 'to sit around', 'to encamp around', or 'to besiege'. It describes an action that is ongoing or continuous. It is often used in military contexts to describe the act of surrounding or laying siege to a place.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Present, Middle/Passive, Participle

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΙΟΡΚΕΩ, ΚΥΚΛΟΩ

G5095

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: tee-mo-THEH-oo

Translations: of Timothy

Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the proper noun 'Timothy'. It refers to a person named Timothy, and in this form, it indicates possession or origin, meaning 'belonging to Timothy' or 'from Timothy'. It is commonly used in contexts like 'the letter of Timothy' or 'the house of Timothy'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: The name 'Timothy' is of Greek origin, derived from the words 'τιμή' (timē), meaning 'honor' or 'value', and 'θεός' (theos), meaning 'God'. Thus, the name means 'honoring God' or 'honored by God'.

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: ep

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, by, before, among, concerning, with

Notes: This word is a preposition, often used as a prefix in compound words. It is a shortened form of the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), which loses its final vowel when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark. Its precise meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it often means 'on, upon, over' (of place) or 'at, during' (of time); with the dative, it can mean 'on, at, by' (of place), 'in addition to', or 'for, because of'; and with the accusative, it typically means 'to, toward, against' (of motion) or 'over, upon' (of extent).

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ὙΠΕΡ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ (epi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'on, at, near'.

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: it, itself, the same

Notes: This word is a versatile pronoun and adjective. As a pronoun, it typically means 'he,' 'she,' 'it,' or 'they,' depending on its gender and number. When used as an adjective, it can mean 'the same' or serve as an intensive pronoun, emphasizing the noun it modifies, such as 'himself,' 'herself,' 'itself,' or 'themselves.' Its meaning is highly dependent on its grammatical case, number, and gender within a sentence.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: This word is believed to derive from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'that, that one.' It developed into the Greek pronoun and adjective 'autos,' retaining its core sense of identity or self.

G2638

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-lah-BOHN

Translations: having taken hold of, having seized, having apprehended, having overtaken, having understood, having perceived, having attained

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'katalambanō', meaning to take hold of, seize, apprehend, overtake, or understand. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. It can indicate the means by which something happens, the cause, or simply a preceding action. Its meaning can vary depending on the context, ranging from physical capture to mental comprehension.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΣΥΝΙΗΜΙ

G2235

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: AY-day

Translations: already, now, by this time, forthwith, even now

Notes: This word is an adverb used to indicate that something has happened or is happening at the present moment, or has happened prior to the present moment. It can convey a sense of immediacy or completion. For example, it can mean 'already' when referring to something that has taken place, or 'now' when emphasizing the current time.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΝΥΝ, ΑΥΤΙΚΑ, ΕΥΘΕΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁eh₂dʰ- (to be present, to be here). It is related to the demonstrative pronoun 'ho' (this) and the particle 'de' (now, indeed).

G4316

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-be-BLEE-ko-tas

Translations: having attacked, having assailed, having thrown against, having assaulted, having encountered

Notes: This word is a perfect active participle, masculine, accusative plural of the verb 'prosballō'. It describes an action that has been completed in the past and has ongoing results. It means 'having attacked' or 'having thrown against', often implying an assault or encounter. It is used to describe those who have performed the action of attacking or assailing.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Participle, Masculine, Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΕΦΟΔΕΥΩ, ΕΠΙΧΕΙΡΕΩ

G4190

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: po-LEH-mee-oos

Translations: enemies, hostile ones

Notes: This word refers to those who are hostile or at war with someone. It is often used as a substantive noun to mean 'enemies' or 'adversaries'. In a sentence, it would typically describe a group of people who are in opposition or conflict.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΧΘΡΟΥΣ, ΑΝΤΙΚΕΙΜΕΝΟΥΣ

Etymology: The word πόλεμος (polemos) means 'war' or 'battle'. The suffix -ιος (-ios) is used to form adjectives indicating belonging or relation. Thus, πολεμίος means 'belonging to war' or 'hostile', and by extension, 'an enemy'.

G5620

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: HOH-steh

Translations: so that, in order that, consequently, therefore, with the result that

Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause of result or purpose. It indicates that what follows is a consequence or the intended outcome of what was previously stated. It can also introduce an infinitive clause to express result.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΔΙΟ

Etymology: From the adverb ὡς (hōs), meaning 'as' or 'how', combined with the particle τε (te), meaning 'and' or 'also'. It developed to express result or consequence.

G0305

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-nah-BAH-ee-nayn

Translations: to go up, to ascend, to come up, to climb, to rise

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'anabainō', meaning 'to go up' or 'to ascend'. It describes the action of moving upwards, whether physically, like climbing a mountain or going up to a city, or metaphorically, such as rising in status or coming into existence. It is often used to indicate movement towards a higher place or position.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active

Synonyms: ἈΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ἈΝΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ἀναβαίνω (anabainō) is a compound word formed from the preposition ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'upwards', and the verb βαίνω (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to step'.

G3181

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: mee-kha-NEE-ma-ta

Translations: devices, machines, contrivances, inventions, engines, instruments, mechanisms, implements, stratagems, plots, schemes

Notes: This word refers to mechanical devices, tools, or instruments. It can also denote cunning plans, stratagems, or inventions, highlighting the ingenuity involved in their creation. It is used in the plural form.

Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΕΡΓΑΛΕΙΑ, ΟΡΓΑΝΑ, ΤΕΧΝΑΣΜΑΤΑ

Etymology: The word ΜΗΧΑΝΗ (mēchanē) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *magh- meaning 'to be able, have power'. It refers to a means, instrument, or contrivance.

G4374

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: pros-FEH-ron-tas

Translations: offering, bringing, presenting, sacrificing, a bringing, a presenting

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'prospherō'. It describes the action of 'offering', 'bringing', or 'presenting' something. It can refer to bringing something to someone, presenting a gift, or offering a sacrifice. In the provided examples, it describes those who are offering incense or sacrifices.

Inflection: Masculine, Accusative, Plural, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΦΕΡΩΝ, ΔΙΔΟΥΣ, ΠΑΡΕΧΩΝ

G2753

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: keh-LEH-oo-sas

Translations: commanding, having commanded, ordering, having ordered, bidding, having bidden

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'κελεύω' (keleuō), meaning 'to command' or 'to order'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is ongoing, often functioning like an adjective or adverb. It can be translated as 'the one who commanded,' 'having commanded,' or 'when he commanded,' depending on the context.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΤΑΣΣΩ, ΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΤΩ, ΔΙΑΤΑΣΣΩ

Etymology: The word κελεύω (keleuō) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to κέλλω (kello), meaning 'to drive, urge on'.

G4591

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: say-MAY-nye

Translations: to signify, to show, to indicate, to give a sign, to make known, to announce, to command, to give orders

Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'σημαίνω' (sēmainō). It means 'to signify,' 'to show,' or 'to indicate.' It can also mean 'to make known,' 'to announce,' or 'to give orders,' especially in a military context. It is used to express the action of conveying information or giving a command.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΔΗΛΟΩ, ΦΑΙΝΩ, ΜΗΝΥΩ

G4757

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: strah-tee-OH-tahs

Translations: soldiers

Notes: This word refers to a soldier, a member of an army or military force. It is typically used to describe individuals who serve in a military capacity, often in a group. In a sentence, it would function as the object of a verb or preposition, indicating the recipients of an action or the subject of a description.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΤΡΑΤΕΥΜΑ, ΣΤΡΑΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word στρατιώτης (stratiōtēs) comes from στρατιά (stratia), meaning 'army' or 'military service', which itself is derived from στρατός (stratos), meaning 'army' or 'encampment'.

G5228

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-PER

Translations: over, above, for, on behalf of, concerning, beyond, more than

Notes: ΥΠΕΡ is a Koine Greek preposition. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often means 'on behalf of', 'for the sake of', 'concerning', or 'instead of'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'over', 'above', 'beyond', or 'more than', often indicating position or motion.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΙ, ΠΕΡΙ, ΑΝΤΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *uperi, meaning 'over, above'. It is cognate with English 'over' and Latin 'super'.

G1244

Part of Speech: Participle, Verb

Sounds like: dee-eh-LON

Translations: dividing, having divided, distributing, separating, apportioning

Notes: This word is the aorist active participle of the verb 'διαίρεω' (diaireō), meaning 'to divide' or 'to separate'. As a participle, it functions like both a verb and an adjective, describing an action that has been completed before or at the same time as the main verb of the sentence. It indicates the subject has performed the action of dividing, separating, or distributing something.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist Active Participle

Synonyms: ΜΕΡΙΖΩΝ, ΔΙΑΧΩΡΙΖΩΝ

G1964

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-pee-PIP-tee

Translations: fall upon, fall on, fall down on, rush upon, attack, happen to, come upon

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'on', and the verb ΠΙΠΤΩ (piptō), meaning 'to fall'. Therefore, ἘΠΙΠΙΠΤΕΙ means 'to fall upon' or 'to fall on'. It can describe a physical action of falling onto something or someone, or it can be used metaphorically to describe something happening to someone, such as a fear or a disaster coming upon them, or an attack.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΠΙΠΤΩ, ΕΜΠΙΠΤΩ

G3577

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: NOH-too

Translations: of the back, of a back, of the ridge, of the surface

Notes: This word refers to the back of a body, whether human or animal. It can also refer to the ridge of a mountain or the surface of something. In a figurative sense, it can denote turning one's back on something, implying rejection or abandonment.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΠΙΣΘΕΝ, ΡΑΧΙΣ

Etymology: The origin of ΝΩΤΟΣ is uncertain, but it is thought to be an ancient word with no clear connection to other Indo-European roots.

G0143

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: ahee-STHOH-meh-noy

Translations: perceiving, having perceived, sensing, having sensed, understanding, having understood, noticing, having noticed, becoming aware, having become aware

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to perceive' or 'to sense'. It describes an action of perceiving or becoming aware that has already occurred. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, and indicates that the subject has gained knowledge or understanding through their senses or intellect. It is often used to introduce a clause explaining what was perceived.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΏΣΚΟΝΤΕΣ, ΜΑΘΌΝΤΕΣ, ἘΠΙΓΙΝΏΣΚΟΝΤΕΣ

G3986

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PEI-rahn

Translations: trial, a trial, test, a test, attempt, an attempt, experience, an experience

Notes: This word refers to a trial, test, or attempt, often implying an experience or proof of something. It can be used in contexts where someone is put to the test, or when an effort is made to achieve something. It is a feminine noun.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΟΚΙΜΗ, ΒΑΣΑΝΟΣ, ΕΜΠΕΙΡΙΑ

Etymology: From the verb πεῖρα (peira), meaning 'to try, to test'. It is related to the Proto-Indo-European root *per- meaning 'to try, to risk'.

G4387

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: PRO-teh-ron

Translations: before, formerly, first, earlier, a former thing, a prior thing

Notes: This word functions primarily as an adverb meaning 'before' or 'formerly' in time, indicating something that happened earlier or previously. It can also be the neuter singular form of the comparative adjective 'πρότερος', meaning 'prior' or 'former', often used substantively to refer to 'the former thing' or 'that which was before'. It is used to contrast with something that comes later.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (often used adverbially)

Synonyms: ΠΡΙΝ, ΠΑΛΑΙ, ΕΜΠΡΟΣΘΕΝ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ is a comparative form derived from the preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of'.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-LAY-foh-tes

Translations: having received, having taken, having obtained, having gotten

Notes: This word is a perfect active participle, meaning 'having received' or 'having taken'. It describes someone who has completed the action of receiving or taking something, and the result of that action is still relevant. It functions adjectivally, modifying a noun or pronoun, or can be used substantively (as a noun) to refer to 'those who have received'.

Inflection: Perfect Active Participle, Masculine, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΔΕΔΕΓΜΕΝΟΙ, ΚΕΚΤΗΜΕΝΟΙ

G5437

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: foo-GAY

Translations: flight, a flight, escape, a refuge

Notes: This word refers to the act of fleeing, escaping, or taking refuge. It describes a rapid departure from danger or an undesirable situation. It can be used in contexts where someone is running away from an enemy, seeking safety, or simply making a quick exit.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΦΥΓΗ, ΕΚΦΥΓΗ

Etymology: From the verb φεύγω (pheugō), meaning 'to flee'. It is related to the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeug-, meaning 'to flee'.

G0659

Part of Speech: Participle, Verb

Sounds like: ah-po-NEV-sas

Translations: having turned away, turning away, having inclined, inclining, having deviated, deviating

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle of the verb 'ἀπονεύω' (aponeuō). It describes an action completed in the past by the subject of the sentence, indicating that they 'turned away' or 'inclined' or 'deviated'. It can be used to describe someone who has physically turned their head or body, or metaphorically to describe someone who has turned their attention or course of action away from something.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΚΛΙΝΩ, ΕΚΚΛΙΝΩ, ΑΠΟΣΤΡΕΦΩ

Etymology: From 'ἀπό' (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and 'νεύω' (neuō), meaning 'to nod' or 'to incline'. Thus, it literally means 'to nod away' or 'to incline away'.

G246

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: al-LO-foo-LOHN

Translations: of foreigners, of aliens, of other tribes, of other nations, of strange people

Notes: This word is a compound adjective or noun, meaning 'of another tribe or nation'. It refers to people who are not of the same race, tribe, or nationality as the speaker, often implying a sense of being foreign or alien. It is used to describe things belonging to or associated with such people.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΘΝΩΝ, ΞΕΝΩΝ, ΑΛΛΟΓΕΝΩΝ

Etymology: The word is a compound of two Greek words: ἄλλος (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another', and φυλή (phylē), meaning 'tribe' or 'race'.

G0730

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: AR-reh-nas

Translations: male, males, a male

Notes: This word refers to something that is male, masculine, or of the male sex. It is used to describe male individuals, animals, or even concepts associated with masculinity. It functions as an adjective modifying nouns, or can be used substantively to mean 'males'.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΡΣΕΝΑΣ

Etymology: The word ἄρρην (arrhēn) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to ἄρσην (arsēn), which also means 'male'. It has cognates in other Indo-European languages.

G0537

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-PAN-tas

Translations: all, every, the whole, everyone

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all', 'every', or 'the whole'. It is used to indicate the entirety of a group or quantity. In this form, it is the masculine or feminine accusative plural, meaning it refers to 'all' or 'everyone' as the direct object of a verb, or after a preposition that takes the accusative case.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΑΣ, ΟΛΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἅπας (hapas) is a compound word formed from the prefix ἁ- (ha-), meaning 'together' or 'one and the same', and πᾶς (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'. It emphasizes the totality or completeness of something.

G0142

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-RAS

Translations: lifting, having lifted, taking up, carrying, removing, taking away

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'αἴρω' (airō), meaning 'to lift,' 'to take up,' 'to carry,' or 'to remove.' As a participle, it describes an action that is happening or has happened, often functioning like an adjective or adverb. It indicates the subject is performing the action of lifting or taking something. For example, 'lifting his face' or 'having taken the rod.'

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΒΑΣΤΑΖΩ, ΑΙΡΩ

G1002

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: BOH-sor

Translations: Bozrah

Notes: Bozrah is a proper noun referring to an ancient city in Edom, located in modern-day Jordan. It was a significant city mentioned in the Old Testament, known for its strategic location and fortifications. It is often associated with prophecies concerning Edom.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Genitive (when inflected as ΒΟΣΟΡΡΑ or ΒΟΣΟΡΡΑΣ)

Etymology: The name 'Bozrah' is of Hebrew origin, meaning 'sheepfold' or 'fortification'. It is derived from the Hebrew word 'בָּצְרָה' (Botsrah).

G0236

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: al-LAS

Translations: change, exchange, alter, transform, substitute

Notes: This verb means to change, alter, or exchange something. It can be used to describe a physical transformation, a change in circumstances, or the act of substituting one thing for another. It is often used in the middle voice (ἈΛΛΆΣΣΟΜΑΙ) to mean 'to be changed' or 'to exchange for oneself'.

Inflection: First Person Singular, Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice; or Second Person Singular, Aorist Imperative, Active Voice; or Third Person Singular, Aorist Indicative, Active Voice; or First Person Singular, Aorist Subjunctive, Active Voice; or Second Person Singular, Aorist Subjunctive, Active Voice; or Third Person Singular, Aorist Subjunctive, Active Voice; or First Person Singular, Aorist Optative, Active Voice; or Second Person Singular, Aorist Optative, Active Voice; or Third Person Singular, Aorist Optative, Active Voice; or First Person Singular, Aorist Imperative, Middle Voice; or Second Person Singular, Aorist Imperative, Middle Voice; or Third Person Singular, Aorist Imperative, Middle Voice; or First Person Singular, Aorist Subjunctive, Middle Voice; or Second Person Singular, Aorist Subjunctive, Middle Voice; or Third Person Singular, Aorist Subjunctive, Middle Voice; or First Person Singular, Aorist Optative, Middle Voice; or Second Person Singular, Aorist Optative, Middle Voice; or Third Person Singular, Aorist Optative, Middle Voice.

Synonyms: ΜΕΤΑΒΆΛΛΩ, ΜΕΤΑΤΊΘΗΜΙ

Etymology: From ἌΛΛΟΣ (allos), meaning 'other'. The verb signifies making something 'other' than it was.

G2692

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-STREF-eh-tai

Translations: is destroyed, is overthrown, is ruined, is demolished, he/she/it destroys (for himself/herself/itself)

Notes: This word is the third person singular, present tense, middle or passive voice, indicative mood of the verb ΚΑΤΑΣΤΡΕΦΩ. In the passive voice, it means 'to be destroyed,' 'to be overthrown,' or 'to be ruined.' In the middle voice, it means 'to destroy for oneself' or 'to overthrow for oneself.' It is used to describe the demolition or ruin of places, structures, or even people.

Inflection: Singular, 3rd Person, Present, Middle or Passive, Indicative

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΤΡΕΠΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΥΩ, ΑΦΑΝΙΖΩ

G5550

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHRO-noh

Translations: (to) time, (in) time, a time, season, period

Notes: This word refers to a period of time, a season, or a specific moment. It is often used to indicate when something occurs, frequently appearing with prepositions like 'ἐν' (in) to denote 'in time' or 'at a certain time'. It can also refer to a duration or an appointed time.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΑΙΡΟΣ, ΑΙΩΝ

Etymology: The word ΧΡΟΝΟΣ (chronos) comes from Proto-Indo-European. It refers to a duration of time, as opposed to καιρός (kairos), which refers to a specific, opportune time.

G5306

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: HOO-steh-ron

Translations: later, afterward, last, finally, the latter, the end, a later time, the later

Notes: This word indicates a point in time that comes after another, or something that is last in a sequence. It can function as an adverb meaning 'later' or 'afterward', or as an adjective/noun meaning 'the last' or 'the latter part'. It is often used to refer to a subsequent event or a final outcome.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (when functioning as a noun/adjective), Adverbial

Synonyms: ΟΨΕ, ΕΠΕΙΤΑ, ΤΕΛΟΣ

Etymology: From the comparative form of the adverb 'ὑπό' (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'below', indicating a position or time that is subsequent or inferior.

G4183

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: pol-LOH

Translations: much, many, great, a great deal, by much, by a great deal, greatly, often, frequently

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the adjective 'much' or 'many'. As an adjective, it describes a large quantity or number. For example, it could mean 'many people' or 'much water'. When used adverbially, it means 'by much' or 'greatly', indicating a significant degree or frequency, such as 'much more' or 'often'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter; or Adverbial Dative

Synonyms: ΠΛΕΙΩΝ, ΙΚΑΝΟΣ, ΜΕΓΑΣ

G3903

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pa-ras-keh-vah-SAH-meh-nos

Translations: having prepared, having gotten ready, having provided, having furnished, having equipped

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'paraskeuazō', meaning 'to prepare' or 'to make ready'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has been completed by the subject. It often implies a state of readiness or provision, indicating that someone has made arrangements or gathered necessary items for a purpose.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΕΤΟΙΜΑΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΣΚΕΥΑΖΩ, ΠΟΙΕΩ

G3880

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: pa-ra-la-BOHN

Translations: having received, having taken, having taken along, having taken aside, having taken over, having taken possession of

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'παραλαμβάνω' (paralambanō), meaning 'to receive' or 'to take alongside'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is ongoing, often functioning like an adjective or adverb in a sentence. It can imply taking something into one's possession, taking someone with oneself, or taking over a responsibility or role. The specific nuance depends on the context.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative Masculine Singular

Synonyms: ΛΑΒΩΝ, ΔΕΞΑΜΕΝΟΣ, ΚΟΜΙΣΑΜΕΝΟΣ

G0717

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ar-ra-BOHN

Translations: pledge, a pledge, earnest, a down payment, security

Notes: This word refers to a pledge, a down payment, or earnest money given as security for a future transaction or as a guarantee that a promise will be fulfilled. It signifies a part of a payment or a gift that confirms a larger, future payment or gift. It is often used in the context of a binding agreement or a promise of something to come.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ἘΓΓΥΗ, ΠΙΣΤΙΣ, ἈΡΡΕΒΩΝ

Etymology: This word is of Semitic (Hebrew or Phoenician) origin, likely from the Hebrew word 'ʿērābôn' (עֵרָבוֹן), meaning 'pledge' or 'security'. It entered Greek through trade and cultural exchange.

G5100

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE-nas

Translations: who, what, some, any, some people, any people, some things, any things

Notes: ΤΙΝΑΣ is an inflected form of the pronoun/adjective ΤΙΣ. It serves as both an interrogative (asking 'who?' or 'what?') and an indefinite (meaning 'someone,' 'something,' 'some,' or 'any'). In this form, it is the masculine or feminine, plural, accusative case. It can be used to ask about the identity of multiple people or things, or to refer to an unspecified group of people or things.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine or Feminine

G3409

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: mis-THOH

Translations: to hire, to rent, to pay wages, to let out for hire, to employ, to lease

Notes: This word generally means 'to hire' or 'to rent'. It can refer to hiring someone for work, or renting out property. It can also mean to pay wages or to be employed. In some contexts, it can imply letting something out for hire or leasing it.

Inflection: Present, Active, Imperative, 2nd Person Singular OR Present, Active, Subjunctive, 1st Person Singular

Synonyms: ΜΙΣΘΕΥΩ, ΜΙΣΘΑΡΝΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΜΙΣΘΟΩ (misthoō) is derived from the noun ΜΙΣΘΟΣ (misthos), meaning 'wages' or 'pay'. It signifies the act of engaging in a transaction involving payment for service or use.

G4948

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soos-trat-YOO-ayn

Translations: to make war with, to serve with, to fight with, to campaign with, to be a fellow-soldier

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΣΥΝ (SYN), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΣΤΡΑΤΕΥΩ (STRATEUŌ), meaning 'to make war' or 'to serve as a soldier'. Therefore, it means to make war together with someone, to serve as a soldier alongside someone, or to be a fellow-soldier. It implies participation in a military campaign or struggle alongside others.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΣΥΜΠΟΛΕΜΕΩ, ΣΥΝΕΡΓΕΩ

Etymology: From the prefix ΣΥΝ (SYN), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΣΤΡΑΤΕΥΩ (STRATEUŌ), meaning 'to serve as a soldier' or 'to make war'.

G0737

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-GOHN

Translations: contest, struggle, fight, race, a contest, a struggle, a fight, a race

Notes: This word refers to a gathering, especially for a contest or struggle. It can denote a physical struggle, a race, a battle, or a more general conflict or struggle in life. It is often used in the context of athletic games or a spiritual struggle.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΑΧΗ, ΠΑΛΗ, ΔΡΟΜΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb ἄγω (agō), meaning 'to lead, to bring, to drive'. The noun refers to a gathering or assembly, particularly for a competition or struggle.

G4008

Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: peh-RAN

Translations: beyond, over, on the other side, across

Notes: This word functions as an adverb meaning 'beyond' or 'on the other side,' indicating a location or direction. It can also be used as a preposition, typically with the genitive case, to mean 'beyond' or 'across' something, indicating movement or position relative to a boundary.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΕΚΕΙΝΑ, ΕΚΕΙΘΕΝ

Etymology: From the root *per- meaning 'to pass through, to go over.' It is related to the verb περάω (peraō), meaning 'to pass through' or 'to cross.'

G4501

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: rom-FOHN

Translations: sword, a sword

Notes: This word refers to a large, broad sword, often associated with a weapon used by barbarians or a two-edged sword. It is typically used in a literal sense to denote a physical weapon, but can also be used metaphorically to represent judgment or divine power.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΑΧΑΙΡΑ, ΞΙΦΟΣ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is believed to be of Thracian or Phrygian origin, referring to a specific type of broadsword used by those peoples.

G0473

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: an-TEE-kroos

Translations: opposite, directly opposite, over against, in front of, face to face

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning "opposite," "directly opposite," or "face to face." It is used to indicate a position or direction that is directly across from something or someone. It can also imply a direct confrontation or encounter.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἈΠΕΝΑΝΤΙ, ΚΑΤΕΝΑΝΤΙ

Etymology: From ἀντί (anti, "against") and κρύπτω (kruptō, "to hide"), implying a position that is not hidden but directly visible or opposite.

G4172

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: POH-lis

Translations: city, a city, town, a town

Notes: The word 'polis' refers to a city or town, a populated center where people live and gather. In ancient contexts, it often implied a self-governing city-state, but in Koine Greek, it frequently refers simply to any significant urban settlement. It is used to denote the physical location and its inhabitants.

Inflection: Singular, Feminine, Nominative or Vocative

Synonyms: ΚΩΜΗ, ΧΩΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (to fill) or *pel- (to build, to enclose). It refers to a fortified place or a populated area.

G3853

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pa-ra-ke-LEH-yoo-eh-toh

Translations: he was exhorting, he was encouraging, he was urging, he was admonishing

Notes: This word is the imperfect middle/passive indicative form of the verb 'παρακελεύομαι'. It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, indicating that someone was exhorting, encouraging, or urging another person or group. It implies a continuous effort to persuade or motivate.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Imperfect Tense, Middle or Passive Voice, Indicative Mood

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΤΡΕΠΩ, ΠΑΡΑΚΑΛΕΩ, ΠΑΡΑΙΝΕΩ

G1519, G1487, G1488

Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb

Sounds like: E

Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are

Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).

G4820

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soom-BAH-loy-en

Translations: they might engage, they might join battle, they might meet, they might encounter, they might throw together, they might contribute, they might confer

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb ΣΥΜΒΑΛΛΩ, which is a compound word formed from ΣΥΝ (together with) and ΒΑΛΛΩ (to throw). It generally means to throw together, to meet, or to encounter. In a military context, as often seen in historical texts, it specifically refers to engaging in battle or joining a conflict. It can also mean to contribute or to confer.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Aorist, Optative, Active

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΣΥΜΠΙΠΤΩ, ΜΑΧΟΜΑΙ

G0075

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-goh-NEE-zes-thai

Translations: to contend, to fight, to strive, to struggle, to compete, to wrestle

Notes: This word describes the act of engaging in a contest or struggle, often with great effort and determination. It can refer to physical combat or athletic competition, but also to a metaphorical struggle, such as striving for a goal, fighting against sin, or contending for a belief. It implies a strenuous and often painful effort.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΜΑΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΑΛΑΙΩ, ἘΡΙΖΩ

Etymology: From the Greek word ἀγών (agōn), meaning 'a gathering, an assembly, a contest, a struggle'. The verb form implies engaging in such a contest.

G2967

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: koh-LOO-ayn

Translations: to hinder, to prevent, to forbid, to restrain, to keep back

Notes: This verb means to hinder, prevent, or forbid someone from doing something. It can be used to describe an action that stops or impedes another action or person. For example, one might hinder someone from entering a place, or prevent an event from occurring.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΜΠΟΔΙΖΩ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΑΠΟΚΩΛΥΩ

Etymology: From Koine Greek κωλύω (kōlúō), meaning 'to hinder, prevent'. Its origin is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to κῶλον (kōlon), meaning 'limb, member', perhaps implying a 'crippling' or 'impeding' action.

G1229

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-ah-BAH-ee-nayn

Translations: to cross over, to pass through, to go through

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from 'διά' (through, across) and 'βαίνω' (to go, to step). It means to go across or pass through something, such as a river, a desert, or a boundary. It describes the action of traversing a space or obstacle.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΔΙΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΕΡΑΩ, ΔΙΑΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: From 'διά' (through, across) and 'βαίνω' (to go, to step). The root 'βαίνω' comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to go, to step'.

G1224

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: dee-ah-VAN-tohn

Translations: of having crossed over, of having passed through, of having gone through, of having gone across, when they had crossed over

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'διαβαίνω', meaning 'to cross over', 'to pass through', or 'to go across'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred, often functioning adverbially to indicate a completed action. In the genitive plural form, it is frequently used in a genitive absolute construction, which provides background or circumstantial information for the main clause, often translated with 'when' or 'after' followed by a subject and a past perfect verb.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Aorist, Active

Synonyms: ΔΙΕΛΘΟΝΤΩΝ, ΔΙΗΛΘΟΝΤΩΝ

G1063

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G3903

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: par-es-ke-VAS-thai

Translations: to have been prepared, to be ready, to be equipped, to be made ready

Notes: This word is the perfect passive infinitive form of the verb 'παρασκευάζω' (paraskeuazō), meaning 'to prepare' or 'to make ready'. As an infinitive, it functions like a verbal noun, often translated with 'to have been' or 'to be' followed by the past participle. It indicates a state of being prepared or ready as a result of a past action. It is a compound word formed from 'παρά' (para, 'beside, by') and 'σκευάζω' (skeuazō, 'to prepare, to equip').

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΤΟΙΜΑΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΣΚΕΥΑΖΩ

G0353

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: ah-nah-lah-BOHN

Translations: taking up, having taken up, receiving, assuming, picking up, restoring

Notes: This word is the aorist active participle of the verb ἀναλαμβάνω. It is a compound word formed from ἀνά (ana, meaning 'up' or 'again') and λαμβάνω (lambanō, meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'). It generally means to take up, pick up, or receive something, often implying an action of lifting or resuming. It can also mean to assume a role or to restore something.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΙΡΩ

G4710

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ess-PEV-den

Translations: was hurrying, was hastening, was eager, was pressing on, was striving

Notes: This word is the third person singular imperfect active indicative form of the verb σπεύδω. It describes an action of hurrying, hastening, or being eager that was ongoing or repeated in the past. It can also imply a sense of striving or pressing on towards a goal. For example, 'he was hurrying' or 'she was eager'.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ἘΠΕΙΓΩ, ΤΑΧΥΝΩ

Etymology: The word σπεύδω comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to hurry' or 'to be quick'.

G4165

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: po-LEH-mee-on

Translations: enemy, hostile, an enemy, a hostile thing, adversary

Notes: This word describes something or someone that is hostile, adversarial, or an enemy. It is often used to refer to an opponent in conflict or someone who is unfriendly. It can be used substantively to mean 'an enemy' or 'an adversary'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΕΧΘΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙΚΕΙΜΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word comes from the Greek word πόλεμος (polemos), meaning 'war' or 'battle'. Thus, it refers to that which pertains to war or an enemy.

G4008

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: peh-rah-ee-OH-seh-meh-noss

Translations: having crossed over, having passed through, having transported

Notes: This word is a perfect active participle, meaning "having crossed over" or "having passed through." It describes an action that has been completed in the past, with the result continuing into the present. It is used to indicate that the subject has successfully traversed a body of water or a difficult terrain.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative, Perfect, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΒΑΙΝΩ, ΔΙΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

G5221

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: hoo-pan-tee-AH-zon-tas

Translations: meeting, encountering, going to meet

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'ὑπαντιάζω' (hypantiazō), meaning 'to go to meet' or 'to encounter'. It describes an action of meeting or encountering someone or something, often with the implication of going out to meet them. It can function adjectivally, describing someone who is meeting, or adverbially, indicating the manner or circumstance of an action.

Inflection: Present, Active, Masculine, Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΝΤΑΩ, ΑΠΑΝΤΑΩ

Etymology: The word 'ὑπαντιάζω' (hypantiazō) is a compound word formed from 'ὑπό' (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'to', and 'ἀντιάζω' (antiazō), meaning 'to meet' or 'to encounter'. The latter part comes from 'ἀντί' (anti), meaning 'opposite' or 'against'.

G1167

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: DEH-os

Translations: fear, awe, reverence, dread, a fear, an awe, a reverence, a dread

Notes: ΔΕΟΣ is a neuter noun meaning fear, awe, or reverence. It describes a feeling of profound respect mixed with fear or wonder, often in the presence of something powerful or divine. It can be used to express a sense of dread or terror, but also a respectful awe.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΦΟΒΟΣ, ΤΡΟΜΟΣ, ΦΡΙΚΗ

Etymology: The word ΔΕΟΣ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *dwey- meaning 'to fear'. It is related to other Greek words expressing fear or flight.

G1688

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: em-BAL-ohn

Translations: throwing in, casting in, putting in, inserting, falling upon, attacking, striking, embracing, laying hands on

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ἐμβάλλω', meaning 'to throw in' or 'to cast in'. It can describe the action of putting something into something else, or metaphorically, to fall upon or attack someone. In some contexts, it can also mean to embrace or lay hands on, often with a sense of force or direct action.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Masculine, Nominative Singular

Synonyms: ΒΑΛΛΩ, ΡΙΠΤΩ, ΕΠΙΒΑΛΛΩ

G4496

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: RHIP-san-tas

Translations: having thrown, having cast, having hurled, having flung

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, masculine accusative plural, derived from the verb 'to throw' or 'to cast'. It describes an action of throwing or casting that has already occurred, and it functions adjectivally, modifying a noun or pronoun that is the subject of this action. For example, it could be used to describe 'those who had thrown' something.

Inflection: Participle, Aorist, Active, Masculine, Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΒΑΛΛΩ, ΕΚΒΑΛΛΩ, ΑΠΟΒΑΛΛΩ

G3696

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: OP-lah

Translations: arms, weapons, armor, hoofs

Notes: This word is a plural noun that can refer to military equipment such as arms, weapons, or armor. It can also refer to the hoofs of an animal. Its meaning depends on the context in which it is used.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΠΛΙΣΙΣ, ΟΠΛΙΣΜΟΣ, ΟΝΥΞ

Etymology: The word ὅπλον (hoplon) is believed to be derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sep-, meaning 'to handle, to grasp'. It originally referred to any tool or implement, and later specialized to mean 'weapon' or 'armor'.

G1302

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-eh-DRAH-san

Translations: they fled, they ran away, they escaped

Notes: This is a compound verb meaning 'to flee through' or 'to run away'. It describes the action of escaping or taking flight, often implying a rapid or decisive departure. It is used to indicate that a group of people fled or escaped from a situation.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΦΕΥΓΩ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΡΑΣΚΩ

Etymology: The word ΔΙΔΡΑΣΚΩ is a compound of διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and διδράσκω (didraskō), meaning 'to run' or 'to flee'. The root διδράσκω is related to δράω (draō), 'to do', but in this context, it specifically refers to the act of running away.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: eng-KRAH-nas

Translations: Encranas

Notes: Encranas is a proper noun, referring to a specific place. It is likely a geographical location, possibly a town, region, or a specific site like a spring or fountain, given the root 'κράνα' (krana) meaning 'spring' or 'fountain'. In the provided context, it is a place where people sought refuge.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative

Etymology: The name 'Encranas' is derived from the Greek preposition 'ἐν' (en), meaning 'in' or 'at', and 'κράνα' (krana), meaning 'spring' or 'fountain'. It likely refers to a place characterized by or named after a spring.

G5090

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: TEH-meh-noss

Translations: sacred precinct, temple, a sacred precinct, a temple

Notes: This word refers to a sacred enclosure or a piece of land set apart and dedicated to a deity, often containing a temple or altar. It is a consecrated area, distinct from common ground, and is used to denote a holy place or sanctuary.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΙΕΡΟΝ, ΝΑΟΣ

Etymology: From the Greek verb τέμνω (temnō), meaning 'to cut, to set apart', referring to a piece of land cut off or set apart for sacred use.

G5177

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: tef-XES-thai

Translations: to obtain, to happen, to meet with, to attain, to get, to fall to one's lot

Notes: This word is the future middle/passive infinitive form of the verb τυγχάνω (tynchanō). It means 'to obtain,' 'to happen,' or 'to meet with.' It is often used to express the idea of achieving or acquiring something, or of something occurring by chance or fate. As an infinitive, it functions as a verbal noun, often dependent on another verb or expressing purpose or result.

Inflection: Future, Middle or Passive Voice, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΕΥΡΙΣΚΩ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ

G2638

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: kah-tah-lah-BOH-meh-nos

Translations: having seized, having grasped, having overtaken, having comprehended, having understood, having found, having laid hold of

Notes: This word is a compound participle derived from the verb 'καταλαμβάνω' (katalambanō). It describes an action that has been completed by the subject. It can mean to seize, grasp, or take possession of something, often with force or determination. It can also mean to overtake someone or something, or to comprehend and understand a concept. In a sentence, it functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, indicating that the subject has performed the action of seizing, understanding, or overtaking.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΚΡΑΤΕΩ, ΣΥΛΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

G4164

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: poy-KEE-lay

Translations: varied, diverse, manifold, various, a varied, a diverse, a manifold, a various, variegated, intricate, elaborate, many-colored

Notes: This word describes something that is varied, diverse, or manifold in nature. It can refer to something that has many different colors, forms, or qualities. It is often used to emphasize the richness, complexity, or multifaceted nature of a subject, such as 'manifold wisdom' or 'various trials'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Vocative, Feminine; or Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΥΠΟΙΚΙΛΟΣ, ΠΟΛΥΜΟΡΦΟΣ, ΠΟΛΥΤΡΟΠΟΣ

G5530

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: KHRAY-sah-meh-nos

Translations: using, having used, employing, having employed, dealing with, having dealt with

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'χράομαι' (chraomai), meaning 'to use' or 'to employ'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is ongoing, functioning like an adjective or adverb. It indicates someone who is 'using' or 'having used' something, or 'employing' or 'having employed' a method or resource. It can also imply 'dealing with' or 'having dealt with' a situation or person.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΧΡΩΜΕΝΟΣ, ΕΧΩΝ

Etymology: The word χράομαι (chraomai) comes from an earlier form χράω (chraō), meaning 'to furnish what is needful'. It is related to χείρ (cheir), meaning 'hand', suggesting the idea of handling or dealing with something.

G1491

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ee-DEH-ah

Translations: form, appearance, kind, nature, idea, a form, an appearance, a kind, a nature, an idea

Notes: This word refers to the outward form or appearance of something, its shape, or its visible aspect. It can also denote a specific kind, type, or nature of a thing. In philosophical contexts, particularly influenced by Platonic thought, it can refer to an abstract concept or an ideal archetype, from which physical things derive their existence. It is used to describe how something looks or what category it belongs to.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΜΟΡΦΗ, ΣΧΗΜΑ, ΕΙΔΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἸΔΕΑ comes from the Greek verb 'idein' (to see), related to the root 'id-' meaning 'to see' or 'to know'. It originally referred to that which is seen, hence 'form' or 'appearance'.

G1228

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: dee-ah-PRAX-ah-meh-nos

Translations: having accomplished, having performed, having done, having achieved, having carried out

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'thoroughly', and πράσσω (prassō), meaning 'to do' or 'to accomplish'. It describes an action that has been thoroughly completed or brought to a successful conclusion. It is used to indicate that someone has finished or carried out a task, deed, or plan.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΤΕΛΕΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ

G4863

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: soon-ah-gah-GOHN

Translations: having gathered, having brought together, having assembled

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle of the verb 'to gather' or 'to bring together'. It describes an action completed in the past by the subject, indicating that the subject 'having gathered' or 'having assembled' something or someone, then proceeded to do something else. It implies a completed action that precedes the main verb of the sentence.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΑΓΕΙΡΩ, ΣΥΛΛΕΓΩ, ΣΥΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

G5225

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: hoo-par-KHOO-sees

Translations: being, existing, (of) being, (of) existing, (of) having, (of) possessing

Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb 'to be' or 'to exist', often conveying the sense of 'being' or 'existing' in a particular state or condition. It can also imply 'having' or 'possessing' something. It is used to describe a continuous state or an inherent quality of the subject. As a genitive feminine singular participle, it often functions adjectivally or substantively, modifying a feminine noun in the genitive case or standing in for such a noun.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine, Present, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΚΕΙΜΑΙ

G0607

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ap-os-KEV-ees

Translations: of baggage, of equipment, of goods, of possessions

Notes: This word refers to baggage, equipment, or possessions, especially those carried on a journey or by an army. It is a compound word formed from 'ἀπό' (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and 'σκευή' (skeue), meaning 'equipment' or 'gear'. It is typically used to describe the collective items that people carry with them.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΚΕΥΗ, ΚΤΗΜΑΤΑ, ΥΠΑΡΧΟΝΤΑ

Etymology: From the prefix ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and σκευή (skeue), meaning 'equipment' or 'gear'.

G3634

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: OY-oss

Translations: such as, of what sort, what kind of, as, like, a such as

Notes: This word is an adjective or pronoun used to describe the quality or kind of something. It often functions as a relative pronoun, meaning 'such as' or 'of what sort', introducing a clause that specifies the nature of a preceding noun. It can also be used interrogatively, meaning 'what kind of?' or 'how great?'. It is used to draw comparisons or indicate similarity.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΟΜΟΙΟΣ, ΤΟΙΟΥΤΟΣ

Etymology: This word is derived from the demonstrative stem *ho- (meaning 'this') and the relative pronominal stem *yo- (meaning 'who, which'). It indicates a quality or kind, often in a comparative sense.

G5100

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE-nah

Translations: who, what, which, some, any, a certain one, something, anything

Notes: ΤΙΝΑ is an inflected form of the pronoun/adjective ΤΙΣ. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', 'anything', 'a certain one', or 'some'. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it is used in a question or a statement. It can function as both a pronoun standing alone or an adjective modifying a noun.

Inflection: Accusative Singular Masculine or Feminine, or Nominative/Accusative Plural Neuter

G1743

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: em-FROHN

Translations: sensible, prudent, thoughtful, discreet, wise, a sensible (person)

Notes: This word describes someone who is in their right mind, possessing good judgment and discretion. It refers to a person who is mentally sound, thoughtful, and acts with prudence. It can be used to describe someone who is wise or discerning in their actions and decisions.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΣΩΦΡΩΝ, ΦΡΟΝΙΜΟΣ

Etymology: From the preposition ἘΝ (en), meaning 'in', and ΦΡΗΝ (phrēn), meaning 'mind' or 'intellect'. Thus, it literally means 'in mind' or 'having mind'.

G3686

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: O-no-MA

Translations: name, a name, reputation, character, authority

Notes: This word refers to a name, whether of a person, place, or thing. It can also signify one's reputation, character, or even authority, as a name often represents the person or entity itself. It is commonly used in phrases like 'in the name of' to denote authority or representation.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Genitive; Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΛΕΟΣ, ΦΗΜΗ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥. It is cognate with Latin nōmen and English name.

G2749

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: KEE-meh-nane

Translations: lying, lying down, lying in, lying at, situated, placed, set, appointed, laid, laid up

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ΚΕΙΜΑΙ', meaning 'to lie' or 'to be laid'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing something that is in a state of lying or being placed. It can refer to objects or people that are resting, situated, or set in a particular location. It often implies a passive state, something that has been laid down or is currently lying.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine, Present, Middle/Passive

Synonyms: ΤΙΘΕΜΕΝΗΝ, ΕΣΤΩΣΑΝ, ΚΑΘΗΜΕΝΗΝ

G5157

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: tra-PO-me-no

Translations: (to) turning, (to) having turned, (to) being turned, (to) changing, (to) having changed, (to) being changed

Notes: This word is a dative singular participle derived from the verb 'ΤΡΕΠΩ' (trepo), meaning 'to turn' or 'to change'. As a participle, it describes an action performed by or on the subject of the main verb, functioning like an adjective or adverb. In the dative case, it indicates the indirect object, recipient, or means, often translated with 'to' or 'for', or indicating the agent 'by' or 'with'. It can refer to someone or something that is turning, has turned, or is being turned.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter, Middle or Passive Voice, Aorist Tense

Synonyms: ΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΜΕΤΑΒΑΛΛΩ

G0390

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-nah-STREH-fain

Translations: to turn back, to return, to conduct oneself, to live, to behave, to associate with

Notes: This is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'anastrephō'. It is a compound word formed from 'ana' (up, again, back) and 'strephō' (to turn). Depending on the context, it can mean to turn back or return, or it can refer to one's manner of life, how one conducts oneself, or how one associates with others. It describes actions related to movement or behavior.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ἘΠΙΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΠΟΛΙΤΕΥΟΜΑΙ, ΠΕΡΙΠΑΤΕΩ

Etymology: The word is formed from the prefix ἀνά (aná), meaning 'up' or 'back', and the verb στρέφω (stréphō), meaning 'to turn'.

G3992

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: PEM-psas

Translations: having sent, one who sent, he who sent, when he had sent

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'πέμπω' (pempō), meaning 'to send'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that occurred prior to the main verb. It can be translated as 'having sent' or 'one who sent', indicating the person or thing that performed the action of sending.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ, ΙΣΤΗΜΙ

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TEH

Translations: she, herself, to her, for her, of her, her, it, itself, to it, for it, of it, its, they, them, themselves

Notes: This word is a form of the pronoun 'autos', meaning 'self' or 'same'. It can function as a personal pronoun (he, she, it, they), a reflexive pronoun (himself, herself, itself, themselves), or an intensive pronoun (the very, the same). Its specific meaning depends on its case, number, and gender, and the context of the sentence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine; or Singular, Dative, Feminine; or Singular, Genitive, Feminine; or Plural, Nominative, Neuter

Etymology: The word 'autos' (from which 'autē' is derived) comes from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ew-to-, a pronominal stem. It is related to other pronouns and demonstratives in various Indo-European languages.

G3870

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pa-reh-KAH-lei

Translations: he was calling alongside, he was exhorting, he was comforting, he was urging, he was appealing, he was entreating

Notes: This word is the third person singular imperfect active indicative form of the verb παρακαλέω (parakaleō). It describes an action that was ongoing or repeated in the past. It means to call someone to one's side, to summon, to invite, to encourage, to exhort, to comfort, to console, to appeal to, or to entreat.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΑΜΥΘΕΟΜΑΙ, ΠΑΡΑΚΛΗΤΟΣ, ΠΑΡΑΙΝΕΩ

G0455

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-NOIK-san-tas

Translations: having opened, those who opened, to open, opening

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb ἀνοίγω, meaning 'to open'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. In this form, it refers to 'those who have opened' or 'having opened' something, often used in an accusative context to indicate the object of another verb.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ἈΝΟΙΓΝΥΜΙ, ἈΝΟΙΞΙΣ

Etymology: The word ἀνοίγω comes from the prefix ἀνα- (ana-), meaning 'up' or 'again', and the verb οἴγω (oigo), meaning 'to open'. It signifies the action of opening something up or again.

G2010

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-pee-TREH-pine

Translations: to permit, to allow, to entrust, to commit

Notes: This word means to give permission or to allow something to happen. It can also mean to entrust or commit something to someone's care. It is often used in contexts where authority is granted or responsibility is assigned.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΑΩ, ΣΥΓΧΩΡΕΩ, ΑΦΙΗΜΙ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἐπιτρέπω (epitrépō), from ἐπί (epí, 'upon, to') + τρέπω (trépō, 'to turn'). The sense evolved from 'to turn over to' to 'to permit' or 'to entrust'.

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: dee-AH

Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G0610

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-peh-TEH-mon-toh

Translations: they cut off, they were cut off, they amputated, they separated

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to cut off' or 'to amputate'. It is often used in the context of severing a part from a whole, such as cutting off a limb or separating a territory. It can also imply a complete removal or destruction. The form provided is in the aorist tense, indicating a completed action in the past, and in the middle or passive voice, suggesting that the action was performed by the subject on themselves or that the subject was the recipient of the action.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle or Passive, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΚΟΠΤΩ, ΕΚΚΟΠΤΩ, ΤΕΜΝΩ

Etymology: The word ἀποτέμνω (apotemnō) is a compound verb formed from the prefix ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb τέμνω (temnō), meaning 'to cut'.

G3361

Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G3982

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pei-THOH-meh-NOHN

Translations: of those being persuaded, of those obeying, of those yielding, of those trusting, of those being convinced

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle derived from the verb 'peithō'. It describes an action that is ongoing or habitual. In the middle voice, it means 'to be persuaded' or 'to obey', indicating that the subject is acting upon themselves or for their own benefit. In the passive voice, it means 'to be convinced' or 'to be persuaded' by someone else. As a genitive plural, it often functions to describe the possessor or the source of something, or it can be used in a genitive absolute construction to indicate a circumstance or cause.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΥΠΑΚΟΥΟΝΤΩΝ, ΠΙΣΤΕΥΟΝΤΩΝ

G1727

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: em-FRAH-ee-ohn

Translations: stopping, blocking, obstructing, closing up, silencing

Notes: This word is the present active participle, genitive plural, masculine or neuter, of the verb 'emphrassō'. It describes those who are in the act of stopping, blocking, or obstructing something. It can also refer to silencing someone or something. In a sentence, it would describe the action of a group of people or things that are causing an obstruction or being silenced.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Genitive Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΦΡΑΓΝΥΜΙ, ΚΩΛΥΩ, ΣΙΓΑΩ

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: meth

Translations: with, after, among, by, in company with

Notes: This is an elided form of the preposition 'μετά' (meta), which means 'with' or 'after'. The final alpha (α) is dropped when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark (indicated by the 'θ' which is the first letter of the following word in the examples, 'θύμου'). It indicates association, accompaniment, or sequence in time or order. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'after' or 'behind'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition, but this is an elided form)

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- (among, with, in the middle of).

G1438

Part of Speech: Reflexive Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-ah-TOO

Translations: (of) himself, (of) herself, (of) itself, (of) themselves

Notes: This word is a reflexive pronoun, meaning it refers back to the subject of the sentence. It indicates that the action of the verb is directed back to the one performing it. For example, 'he washed himself'. It is a compound word formed from the personal pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos) and the reflexive pronoun 'ἑαυτοῦ' (heautou).

Inflection: Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter. It can also be used for Feminine or Plural contexts, though the specific form 'ΕΑΥΤΟΥ' is genitive singular masculine/neuter.

Etymology: From the combination of the personal pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos, 'self') and the reflexive pronoun 'ἑαυτοῦ' (heautou, 'of self').

G2944

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ky-KLO-sah-meh-nos

Translations: having encircled, having surrounded, encircling, surrounding

Notes: This word is an aorist middle participle derived from the verb 'κυκλόω' (kykloō), meaning 'to encircle' or 'to surround'. As a participle, it describes an action that has been completed before or at the same time as the main verb, often functioning adverbially to explain how or why something happened. In the middle voice, it implies that the subject performs the action for themselves or on themselves, or that they are involved in the action of encircling.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular, Participle

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΚΥΚΛΟΩ, ΠΕΡΙΕΧΩ

G4339

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: pros-ka-THEE-sas

Translations: having sat down, having taken a seat, having settled, having encamped, having besieged

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb προσκαθίζω. It describes an action completed in the past, indicating that someone has sat down, taken a seat, or settled in a place. In a military context, it can also mean to encamp or lay siege. It is a compound word formed from πρός (pros, "to, toward") and καθίζω (kathizo, "to sit down").

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΑΘΙΣΑΣ, ΕΝΕΔΡΕΥΣΑΣ, ΠΟΛΙΟΡΚΗΣΑΣ

Etymology: The verb προσκαθίζω is a compound of πρός (pros), meaning "to, toward, in addition to," and καθίζω (kathizo), meaning "to sit down, cause to sit." The root καθίζω comes from κάθημαι (kathēmai), "to sit."

G3745

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: OH-son

Translations: as much as, as many as, as great as, how much, how many, how great, as far as, as long as, as soon as, as

Notes: This word is a relative adjective or pronominal adjective, meaning 'as much as' or 'as many as'. It is often used to indicate quantity, extent, or degree. When used as an adverb, it can mean 'as far as', 'as long as', or 'as soon as'. It can introduce a clause that specifies a measure or comparison. For example, 'as much as you want' or 'as many people as there are'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΠΟΣΟΣ, ΗΛΙΚΟΣ

Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun *ho* (the) and the suffix -sos, indicating quantity or measure. It is related to ὅς (hos, 'who, which') and τοσοῦτος (tosoutos, 'so great, so much').

G2892

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: KTEI-nas

Translations: having killed, having slain, killing, slaying

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'κτείνω', meaning 'to kill' or 'to slay'. As an aorist active participle, it describes an action of killing that has been completed prior to the main verb's action. It functions adjectivally, modifying a noun or pronoun, and can be translated as 'having killed' or 'the one who killed'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΚΤΕΙΝΑΣ, ΦΟΝΕΥΣΑΣ

G2618

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: kah-tah-PREE-sas

Translations: having burned down, having set on fire, having consumed by fire

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb meaning "to burn down" or "to set on fire." It describes an action that has been completed in the past by the subject. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, and can also convey a temporal or causal relationship to the main verb in a sentence. It is a compound word formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning "down" or "against," and the verb πρήσσω (prēssō), meaning "to blow" or "to burn."

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΜΠΡΗΣΑΣ, ΚΑΤΑΦΛΕΞΑΣ

Etymology: The verb καταπρήσσω (kataprēssō) is a compound of κατά (kata), meaning "down" or "against," and πρήσσω (prēssō), meaning "to blow" or "to burn." The root πρήσσω is related to the idea of blowing or causing something to burn, leading to the sense of burning completely or burning down.

G2192

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ES-khen

Translations: he had, she had, it had, he held, she held, it held, he possessed, she possessed, it possessed

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It describes an action that occurred in the past, completed at a specific point in time. It can be used to indicate possession, a state of being, or to describe someone holding or keeping something.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΚΕΚΤΗΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

Etymology: The word ἔχω (echō) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *seǵʰ-, meaning 'to hold, to have'. It is a fundamental verb in Greek, with a wide range of meanings and uses.

G5118

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: toh-SOO-ton

Translations: so great, so much, so many, so large, so far, such, a such

Notes: This word is a demonstrative adjective or pronoun meaning 'so great,' 'so much,' or 'so many.' It is used to indicate a quantity, size, or extent that is as great as something previously mentioned or implied. It can function as an adjective modifying a noun or as a pronoun standing in for a noun. For example, it might be used to say 'so great a crowd' or 'so much money.'

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΤΟΣΟΣ, ΤΗΛΙΚΟΥΤΟΣ

G5407

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: peh-foh-NEV-meh-nohn

Translations: of those who have been murdered, of those who have been slain, of the murdered ones, of the slain

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been murdered' or 'having been slain'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing a noun, or can act substantively, meaning 'those who have been murdered'. In this form, it is genitive plural, indicating possession or relation, often translated with 'of'.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter, Perfect, Passive

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΚΤΕΙΝΩ, ΑΝΑΙΡΕΩ

G4128

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PLAY-thoss

Translations: multitude, a multitude, crowd, a crowd, great number, abundance, a great number

Notes: This word refers to a large number or quantity of people or things. It can be used to describe a crowd of people, a large amount of something, or a general abundance. For example, it might refer to a large gathering of disciples or a great quantity of fish.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΧΛΟΣ, ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΑΓΕΛΗ

Etymology: From the Greek root *pleth-* meaning 'to be full' or 'to fill'. It is related to words indicating fullness or abundance.

G3498

Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: NEK-ron

Translations: of the dead, of dead ones

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of 'ΝΕΚΡΟΣ', meaning 'dead' or 'a dead person'. It is used to indicate possession or relationship, often translated as 'of the dead' or 'belonging to the dead'. It can refer to deceased individuals collectively or to the state of being dead.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΤΕΘΝΕΩΤΩΝ, ΑΠΟΘΑΝΟΝΤΩΝ

Etymology: From an ancient root meaning 'to lie down' or 'to be still', related to the idea of a corpse or something lifeless.

G2240

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EE-kon

Translations: they came, they had come, they arrived, they had arrived

Notes: This word is the third person plural imperfect or aorist indicative form of the verb ἥκω (hēkō), meaning 'to come' or 'to arrive'. It describes an action of coming or arriving that occurred in the past, either as a continuous action (imperfect) or a completed action (aorist). It is used to indicate that a group of people or things came to a certain place or state.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Indicative, Imperfect or Aorist

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The verb ἥκω (hēkō) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to ἵκω (hikō), meaning 'to come'.

G3173

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: MEH-gah

Translations: great, large, mighty, important, a great, a large

Notes: This word describes something as great, large, or mighty in size, extent, or importance. It can refer to physical size, but also to significance, power, or intensity. It is often used to emphasize the magnitude of something, such as a great storm, a great fear, or a great city. This particular form, ΜΕΓΑ, is the neuter nominative or accusative singular form of the adjective.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΙΣΧΥΡΟΣ, ΜΕΓΑΛΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *meǵh₂- (great). It is related to Latin magnus and English much.

G3756, G3757

Part of Speech: Adverb, Relative Adverb, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OO

Translations: not, no, where, of whom, of which, when

Notes: This word, written without diacritics, can represent at least two distinct Koine Greek words. It most commonly functions as a negative particle (οὐ), meaning 'not' or 'no', used to express a direct and objective negation. It can also function as a relative adverb (οὗ), meaning 'where' or 'when', indicating place or time, or as a relative genitive pronoun, meaning 'of whom' or 'of which'. The precise meaning depends on the context and the original diacritics.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a particle/adverb); Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter (as a relative pronoun)

Synonyms: ΜΗ, ΟΠΟΥ

Etymology: The negative particle οὐ (ou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ne, meaning 'not'. The relative adverb/pronoun οὗ (hou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-, a pronominal stem.

G4383

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pros-OH-pon

Translations: face, a face, presence, person, appearance

Notes: This word refers to the face of a person or animal. It can also denote one's presence or appearance, or even a person themselves, especially in a formal or legal context. It is used to describe physical features as well as the impression or aspect someone presents.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΨΙΣ, ΕΙΔΟΣ, ΜΟΡΦΗ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek πρός (pros, "to, towards") and ὤψ (ōps, "eye, face"). It literally means "that which is towards the eye" or "that which is before the eye."

G0967

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: beth-SAH-nay

Translations: Bethshan, Scythopolis

Notes: Bethshan (also known as Scythopolis) was an ancient city located in the Jordan Valley, east of the Jordan River. It was one of the cities of the Decapolis, a group of ten Hellenistic cities in the Roman province of Syria. It is often mentioned in historical and biblical contexts.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΚΥΘΟΠΟΛΙΣ

Etymology: The name "Bethshan" is of Hebrew origin, meaning "house of rest" or "house of security." It was later known as Scythopolis, a Greek name meaning "city of the Scythians," possibly due to a settlement of Scythian mercenaries in the area.

G2564

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: ka-loo-MEH-nee

Translations: called, named, being called, a called one, a named one

Notes: This word is the present passive participle of the verb 'καλέω' (kaleō), meaning 'to call' or 'to name'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone or something that is being called or named. It indicates an ongoing action of being called or designated.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Feminine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΟΝΟΜΑΖΩ, ΠΡΟΣΑΓΟΡΕΥΩ

Etymology: The word 'καλέω' (kaleō) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁-, meaning 'to shout, to call'. It is related to Latin 'calare' (to call out) and English 'hail'.

G4658

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: sky-THOH-po-lees

Translations: Scythopolis

Notes: Scythopolis was an ancient city in the Decapolis region, located in the Jordan Valley. It was originally known as Beth Shean in Hebrew and was later renamed Scythopolis by the Greeks. The name is a compound word, meaning 'city of the Scythians', though the exact reason for this name is debated. It was a significant Hellenistic city and a member of the Decapolis, a group of ten cities in the eastern Roman Empire.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative

Etymology: The name Σκυθόπολις (Scythopolis) is a compound of two Greek words: Σκύθης (Skýthēs), meaning 'Scythian', and πόλις (pólis), meaning 'city'. The city was originally known as Beth Shean in Hebrew. The reason for the Greek renaming to 'City of the Scythians' is uncertain, with theories ranging from a Scythian garrison being stationed there to a misinterpretation of the original name.

G3729

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: hor-mee-THEN-tes

Translations: having rushed, having set out, having been impelled, having been driven, having been urged

Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle derived from the verb 'hormaō', meaning 'to rush, to set in motion, to urge on'. As a participle, it describes an action that has been completed or occurred prior to the main verb of the sentence, indicating that the subjects were impelled or set out. It functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or describing the circumstances of an action.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΞΟΡΜΑΩ, ΕΠΙΟΡΜΑΩ, ΠΡΟΟΡΜΑΩ

Etymology: The word ΟΡΜΑΩ (hormaō) comes from the ancient Greek root ὅρμος (hormos), meaning 'a chain, a bond, a mooring place'. It is related to the idea of being set in motion or having an impulse.

G3854

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pa-reh-GEH-non-toh

Translations: they came, they arrived, they were present

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside,' and the verb γίνομαι (ginomai), meaning 'to become' or 'to be.' Together, it means 'to come alongside,' 'to arrive,' or 'to be present.' It describes the act of someone or a group of people arriving at a particular place or being present at an event.

Inflection: 3rd Person, Plural, Aorist, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΗΚΩ, ΦΘΑΝΩ

G5567

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: psal-LON-tes

Translations: singing praises, making melody, playing an instrument, singing, making music

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'psallo', meaning to sing praises, make melody, or play a stringed instrument. It often implies a joyful or worshipful act of making music, whether vocally or instrumentally. As a participle, it describes an ongoing action, often translated as 'singing' or 'making music'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΥΜΝΟΥΝΤΕΣ, ΑΔΟΝΤΕΣ

G1946

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ep-ee-NEE-kee-oys

Translations: triumphal, of triumph, a triumphal song, a song of triumph, a victory song, a song of victory

Notes: This word describes something related to a victory or triumph. As an adjective, it means 'triumphal' or 'victorious'. It can also be used as a noun, referring to a 'triumphal song' or 'victory celebration'. It is a compound word formed from 'ἐπί' (upon, over) and 'νίκη' (victory).

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΝΙΚΗΤΗΡΙΟΣ, ΘΡΙΑΜΒΕΥΤΙΚΟΣ

Etymology: From the Greek preposition 'ἐπί' (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'over', and 'νίκη' (nike), meaning 'victory'. It literally refers to something 'upon' or 'for' a victory.

G3808, G3809

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pahee-DEE-as

Translations: (of) play, (of) sport, (of) childishness, (of) discipline, (of) instruction, (of) training, (of) chastisement

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of either 'παιδιά' (paidia) or 'παιδεία' (paideia). 'Παιδιά' refers to play, sport, or childishness. 'Παιδεία' refers to the upbringing, training, instruction, or discipline of children, which can also extend to chastisement or correction. The specific meaning depends on the context of the sentence.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΑΙΓΝΙΟΝ, ΕΠΙΠΛΗΞΙΣ, ΝΟΥΘΕΣΙΑ

G71

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: AH-gon-tes

Translations: leading, bringing, carrying, guiding, going, doing, observing

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'ἄγω' (agō), meaning 'to lead,' 'to bring,' or 'to carry.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action performed by the subject. It can mean 'those who are leading,' 'while leading,' or 'by leading,' depending on the context. It can also refer to 'doing' or 'observing' something, especially in the context of festivals or rituals.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΦΕΡΟΝΤΕΣ, ΚΟΜΙΖΟΝΤΕΣ, ἘΛΚΟΝΤΕΣ

G2380

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-THOO-san

Translations: they sacrificed, they offered, they killed

Notes: This verb describes an action performed by a group of people in the past, meaning 'to sacrifice' or 'to kill,' especially in the context of religious offerings or preparing food. It is commonly used when referring to the act of offering sacrifices to God or to idols, but can also denote the killing of animals for consumption.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΦΕΡΩ, ΑΝΑΦΕΡΩ

Etymology: The word θύω (thyo) comes from an ancient Greek root meaning 'to rush, to rage, to smoke, to sacrifice.' Its meaning evolved from the idea of a 'rushing' or 'smoking' offering to the more specific sense of 'sacrificing' or 'offering by fire.'

G2720

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: kah-tor-THOH-meh-nohn

Translations: of things accomplished, of things successfully done, of things achieved, of things brought to pass

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle derived from the verb 'κατορθόω' (katorthoō), meaning 'to set straight, to accomplish, to succeed'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, describing something that has been successfully completed or achieved. In this form, it refers to 'of things that have been accomplished' or 'of those things which have been successfully done'. It is often used to refer to achievements or successful outcomes.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΡΓΩΝ, ΠΡΑΓΜΑΤΩΝ, ΕΠΙΤΕΛΕΣΘΕΝΤΩΝ

Etymology: The verb 'κατορθόω' (katorthoō) is a compound word formed from the preposition 'κατά' (kata), meaning 'down' or 'according to', and 'ὀρθόω' (orthoō), meaning 'to make straight' or 'to set right'. The combination implies bringing something to a straight or correct conclusion, hence 'to accomplish' or 'to succeed'.

G3762

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: oo-DACE

Translations: no one, nobody, nothing, none, no

Notes: This word is a compound negative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'no one,' 'nobody,' 'nothing,' or 'no.' It is formed from the negative particle 'οὐ' (not), the connective particle 'δέ' (but, and), and the numeral 'εἷς' (one). It is used to express absolute negation, indicating the complete absence of something or someone. When used as an adjective, it modifies a noun to mean 'no' or 'not any.'

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΔΕΝ, ΜΗΔΕΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΥ̓ΔΕΙΣ is a compound of the negative particle ΟΥ̓ (not), the connective particle ΔΕ (but, and), and the numeral ΕΙΣ (one). It literally means 'not even one' or 'not one at all,' emphasizing a complete negation.

G5124

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toys

Translations: (to) these, (for) these, (with) these, (by) these

Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective meaning 'this' or 'that'. It points to something specific, indicating 'these things' or 'these people'. As a dative case, it often indicates the indirect object of a verb, the recipient of an action, or the means/instrument by which something is done. It can be translated as 'to these', 'for these', 'with these', or 'by these', depending on the context.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)

Synonyms: ΟΥ͂ΤΟΙ, ἘΚΕΊΝΟΙΣ

G2501

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-OH-say-poss

Translations: Joseph

Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to the male personal name Joseph. It is a common name in biblical texts, appearing frequently in both the Old and New Testaments. It is used to identify individuals, such as Joseph, the husband of Mary, or Joseph of Arimathea.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name ἸΩΣΗΠΟΣ (Iōsēpos) is of Hebrew origin, derived from the Hebrew name יוסף (Yosef), meaning 'He will add' or 'May he add'. It was a very common name among Jews and was transliterated into Greek.

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: kath

Translations: according to, down, against, throughout, during, by, for, with respect to, concerning

Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down' or 'according to'. It is commonly used as a prefix in compound words or as a preposition governing various cases. When used as a preposition, it can indicate movement downwards, distribution, opposition, or a standard of comparison. For example, 'καθ' ἕνα' means 'one by one', and 'καθά' means 'just as' or 'according as'. The elision (dropping of the final vowel) occurs before a word beginning with a vowel and a rough breathing mark.

Inflection: Does not inflect (it is an elided form of a preposition)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: The word 'κατά' (kata) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'down' or 'against'. It is a common preposition in ancient Greek, indicating various relationships of position, direction, or standard.

G2540

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kai-RON

Translations: time, a time, season, a season, opportune time, a opportune time, proper time, a proper time

Notes: This word refers to a specific, appointed, or opportune time, a critical moment, or a season, rather than general chronological time (which is 'χρόνος'). It often implies a qualitative aspect of time, emphasizing the right or fitting moment for something. In the provided examples, it is used in the accusative case, indicating the object of an action or a duration.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΧΡΟΝΟΣ, ΩΡΑ, ΕΠΟΧΗ

Etymology: The etymology of 'καιρός' is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the idea of 'fitting' or 'proper'.

G5225

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-PEER-khen

Translations: was, existed, there was, there existed, had, possessed

Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'to be' or 'to exist', often implying a state of being or possession that continued over a period in the past. It can mean 'was', 'existed', or 'there was/existed'. It can also mean 'to have' or 'to possess', indicating what someone had or what was available to them. It describes a continuous or repeated action or state in the past.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΗΝ, ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ

G4171

Part of Speech: Noun, Proper Noun

Sounds like: POH-leh-mohn

Translations: war, battle, fight, of wars, of battles, of fights, Polemon

Notes: This word can refer to a war, battle, or fight. It is often used in the plural to refer to multiple conflicts. It can also be used as a proper noun, referring to the personal name Polemon. In the provided examples, it appears both as a common noun in the genitive plural (meaning 'of wars') and potentially as a proper noun (Polemon).

Inflection: Singular, Nominative (Proper Noun); Plural, Genitive (Common Noun)

Synonyms: ΜΑΧΗ, ΕΡΙΣ, ΑΓΩΝ

G1014

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: boo-lee-THEN-tes

Translations: having willed, having wished, having intended, having purposed, having decided

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'βούλομαι' (boulomai), meaning 'to wish' or 'to will'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. It indicates that the subject has made a deliberate choice or formed an intention. For example, it might be used in a phrase like 'those who, having willed, did X' or 'because they had wished, they did Y'.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΘΕΛΟΝΤΕΣ, ΕΠΙΘΥΜΟΥΝΤΕΣ

Etymology: The word 'βούλομαι' (boulomai) comes from Proto-Indo-European, related to concepts of will and desire. It is an ancient Greek verb that has been in use since classical times.

G4046

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-ree-poy-EH-sas-thay

Translations: to acquire, to preserve, to save, to gain, to obtain, to keep safe

Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning to acquire for oneself, to preserve, or to save. It implies an action taken to secure something for one's own benefit or to keep it safe. It can be used in contexts of gaining possessions, preserving life, or saving people.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΚΤΑΟΜΑΙ, ΣΩΖΩ, ΦΥΛΑΣΣΩ

Etymology: From the preposition περί (peri), meaning 'around' or 'about', and ποιέω (poieō), meaning 'to make' or 'to do'. The combination suggests making or doing something for oneself or for one's own benefit, leading to the sense of acquiring or preserving.

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: HOOP

Translations: under, by, with, from, at, through, in, of

Notes: This word is a common Greek preposition and prefix. As a preposition, it typically means 'under' or 'below', but its meaning can vary significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the accusative case, it can indicate motion towards a place ('under', 'to'). As a prefix, it means 'under', 'below', 'less than', or 'secretly', as seen in compound words like 'υποκάτω' (underneath). The form 'ΥΠ' is a common truncation of 'ΥΠΟ' when it acts as a prefix, especially before a vowel, or as part of a compound word.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or prefix)

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑ, ΕΠΙ

G0353

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ah-nah-lah-BON-tes

Translations: taking up, having taken up, picking up, receiving, assuming, restoring, recovering

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'analambanō', meaning 'to take up', 'to lift up', 'to pick up', 'to receive', or 'to assume'. It often implies an action of lifting or carrying something away, or taking on a responsibility or role. It can also refer to recovering or restoring something. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action performed by the subject of the main verb, often translated as 'having taken up' or 'taking up'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΙΡΩ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΥΠΟΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ

G2064

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EEL-thon

Translations: they came, I came, he came, she came, it came

Notes: This word is an aorist active indicative form of the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. It describes an action that happened in the past, without specifying its duration or completion. It can be used for the 1st person singular ('I came') or the 3rd person plural ('they came'), and sometimes 3rd person singular ('he/she/it came') depending on context and subject agreement.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 1st Person Singular or 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΒΑΙΝΩ, ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ

G1187

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: gor-GHEE-oo

Translations: of Gorgias

Notes: Gorgias was a prominent Sophist and rhetorician from ancient Greece. The word 'ΓΟΡΓΙΟΥ' is the genitive case of 'ΓΟΡΓΙΑΣ', indicating possession or origin. It is used to mean 'of Gorgias' or 'belonging to Gorgias'. For example, 'the men of Gorgias' or 'Gorgias's men'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: The name Gorgias is of Greek origin, derived from the Greek word 'γοργός' (gorgos), meaning 'terrible' or 'dreadful'. It was a common personal name in ancient Greece.

G4755

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: strah-tay-GOO

Translations: of a commander, of a general, of a governor, of a captain, of a chief magistrate

Notes: This word refers to a military commander, general, or a civil governor or chief magistrate. In ancient Greek city-states, a strategos was an elected official responsible for military affairs, often holding significant political power. It can also refer to a captain or chief officer in a broader sense.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΚΥΒΕΡΝΗΤΗΣ

Etymology: The word ΣΤΡΑΤΗΓΟΣ is a compound word derived from ΣΤΡΑΤΟΣ (STRATOS), meaning 'army' or 'expedition', and ΑΓΩ (AGO), meaning 'to lead' or 'to guide'. Thus, it literally means 'leader of an army'.

G5221

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: hoo-pan-TEE-san-tos

Translations: of meeting, of having met, of coming to meet

Notes: This word is the genitive singular masculine aorist active participle of the verb 'hypantao', meaning 'to meet' or 'to go to meet'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred relative to the main verb. In the genitive case, it often functions in a genitive absolute construction, indicating a circumstance or time when something else happened, such as 'when he met' or 'after he had met'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Genitive

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΝΤΗΣΑΝΤΟΣ, ΠΡΟΣΑΝΤΗΣΑΝΤΟΣ

G4824

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: soom-bo-LEES

Translations: of a coming together, of a meeting, of a contribution, of a sign, of a symbol

Notes: This word refers to the act of coming together, a meeting, or a joining. It can also denote a contribution or a sum of money contributed. In a broader sense, it can refer to a sign or a symbol, something that brings ideas or concepts together. As a genitive form, it indicates possession or relationship, often translated with 'of'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΝΤΗΣΙΣ, ΣΥΝΟΔΟΣ, ΣΥΝΔΡΟΜΗ

G1096

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: geh-no-MEH-nays

Translations: (of) having become, (of) having happened, (of) being, (of) coming into existence, (of) being born, (of) being made

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become,' 'to happen,' 'to come into existence,' or 'to be made.' As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is in the process of occurring, often functioning like a verbal adjective or an adverbial clause. In this form, it indicates a feminine singular genitive relationship, often translated as 'of having become' or 'when it became' in a genitive absolute construction.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine, Aorist Middle Participle

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΕΣΘΑΙ, ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΟΝ

G1365

Part of Speech: Numeral

Sounds like: diss-KHEE-lee-oos

Translations: two thousand

Notes: This word means 'two thousand'. It is a compound word formed from 'δύο' (two) and 'χίλιοι' (thousand). It is used to indicate a quantity of two thousand units of something. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'two thousand men' or 'two thousand years'.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

Etymology: The word ΔΙΣΧΙΛΙΟΙ is a compound of δύο (dyo), meaning 'two', and χίλιοι (chilioi), meaning 'thousand'. It is a direct combination of these two numerical terms.

G0654

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-poh-BAL-loo-see

Translations: throw away, cast off, lose, abandon, reject, suffer loss

Notes: This word means to throw away, cast off, or lose something. It can also imply abandoning or rejecting something, or suffering a loss. It is often used in contexts where something is discarded or forfeited.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΡΡΊΠΤΩ, ἈΠΟΤΊΘΗΜΙ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb βάλλω (ballō), meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast'.

G5343

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: FEV-gon-tes

Translations: fleeing, running away, escaping, those who flee, those who are fleeing

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'to flee' (φεύγω). It describes an action that is ongoing or habitual. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun (e.g., 'the fleeing people'), or substantively, acting as a noun itself (e.g., 'those who are fleeing'). It implies a rapid departure, often from danger or an undesirable situation.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΔΙΩΚΟΝΤΕΣ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΡΑΣΚΟΝΤΕΣ

G0891

Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: AKH-ree

Translations: until, up to, as far as, while, unto, even to

Notes: This word functions as a preposition, conjunction, or adverb, indicating a limit in time or space. As a preposition, it means 'until' or 'up to' and is typically followed by the genitive case. As a conjunction, it means 'until' or 'while', introducing a clause that specifies a time limit. As an adverb, it can mean 'even to' or 'as far as'. It denotes a point or period that something reaches or continues.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΕΧΡΙ, ΕΩΣ, ΑΧΡΙΣ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the Greek word ἄκρος (akros), meaning 'highest' or 'extreme', suggesting a sense of reaching a limit or extremity.

G4845

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-eh-BEH

Translations: it happened, it came to pass, it occurred, it befell

Notes: This is an impersonal verb form meaning 'it happened' or 'it occurred'. It describes an event or circumstance that took place, often used to introduce a consequence or a development in a narrative. It is typically used in the third person singular.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΑΠΟΒΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: The word συμβαίνω (symbainō) is a compound word formed from the preposition σύν (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb βαίνω (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to step'. Thus, it literally means 'to go together' or 'to come together', which evolved into the meaning 'to happen' or 'to occur'.

G4430

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PTAHEES-mah

Translations: fall, a fall, offense, a fault, trespass, a trespass, stumbling, a stumbling, failure, a failure

Notes: This word refers to a fall, a stumble, or a failure. It can also denote a fault, an offense, or a trespass, particularly in a moral or spiritual sense. It describes an act of stumbling or falling, either literally or metaphorically, indicating a deviation from the right path or a failure to meet an expectation.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΜΑΡΤΙΑ, ΠΑΡΑΠΤΩΜΑ, ΑΣΤΟΧΙΑ

Etymology: The word "ΠΤΑΙΣΜΑ" derives from the verb "πταίω" (ptaiō), meaning 'to stumble, to fall, to err'. It is formed with the suffix -μα, which typically indicates the result of an action or the action itself.

G3778

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that

Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.

G3878

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: pa-ra-koo-SAH-sin

Translations: (to) having heard amiss, (to) having disobeyed, (to) disobeying

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having heard amiss' or 'having disobeyed'. It is a compound word formed from 'παρά' (para), meaning 'beside' or 'amiss', and 'ἀκούω' (akouo), meaning 'to hear'. When used in a sentence, it describes someone who has failed to hear correctly or has disregarded what was heard, leading to disobedience. It often implies a failure to heed instructions or a deliberate act of not listening.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Dative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΠΕΙΘΕΩ, ΠΑΡΑΒΑΙΝΩ

G4820

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soom-bal-EIN

Translations: to throw together, to bring together, to meet, to encounter, to contribute, to confer, to engage in battle, to join battle, to come to an agreement, to compare, to consider

Notes: This is an aorist active infinitive form of the verb ΣΥΜΒΑΛΛΩ, which is a compound word formed from ΣΥΝ (together with) and ΒΑΛΛΩ (to throw). It means to throw or bring things together, which can lead to various meanings depending on the context, such as meeting someone, contributing to something, engaging in a discussion, or even joining in battle.

Inflection: Infinitive, Aorist, Active

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΤΥΓΧΑΝΩ, ΣΥΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΣΥΝΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΣΥΜΒΑΛΛΩ is a compound verb derived from the preposition ΣΥΝ (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΒΑΛΛΩ (ballo), meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast'.

G3367

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: may-DEH-nee

Translations: to no one, to nothing, for no one, for nothing, by no one, by nothing, with no one, with nothing, in no one, in nothing

Notes: This word is an indefinite negative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'no one' or 'nothing'. It is used to express a complete absence or negation of something or someone. It is often used in prohibitions or to state that something is not done by anyone or to anything. As a pronoun, it stands in place of a noun, and as an adjective, it modifies a noun. It is a compound word formed from the negative particle ΜΗ (mē, 'not') and ΕΙΣ (heis, 'one').

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΙΣ, ΟΥΔΕΝΙ

G4253

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PRO

Translations: before, in front of, for, on behalf of, in the presence of, prior to, instead of

Notes: This word is a preposition that typically takes the genitive case. It can indicate a spatial relationship, meaning 'before' or 'in front of' something or someone. It can also denote a temporal relationship, meaning 'before' in time, or a causal relationship, meaning 'for' or 'on behalf of' someone or something. In some contexts, it can also mean 'instead of' or 'in the presence of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΜΠΡΟΣΘΕΝ, ΑΝΤΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'before, in front of'. It is cognate with English 'for' and Latin 'pro'.

G1565

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: eh-KAY-noo

Translations: of that, of that one, of him, of it, that one's, his

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective 'ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ', meaning 'that' or 'that one'. In the genitive case, it indicates possession or origin, translating to 'of that', 'of that one', 'of him', or 'of it'. It can refer to a person or thing previously mentioned or understood from context, distinguishing it from something closer or more immediate.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ' is derived from the demonstrative particle 'ἘΚΕῖ' (there), indicating distance. It points to something or someone far off or distinct from the speaker and listener.

G0243

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: AL-loys

Translations: to others, for others, with others, other, another

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to refer to a different person or thing from one already mentioned or implied. In this inflected form, it is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', or 'with'. It is a common word used to distinguish one group or item from another.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἄλλος (allos) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is related to Latin alius and English 'else'.

G5101

Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective

Sounds like: TEES

Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing

Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.

Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.

G3866

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pa-ra-kee-NAY-soo-sin

Translations: they will incite, they will provoke, they will move alongside, they will stir up

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and the verb κινέω (kineō), meaning 'to move' or 'to stir'. Together, it means to move alongside someone or something, often with the implication of inciting, provoking, or stirring them up. It describes an action where one party causes another to act or react.

Inflection: Future, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΕΓΕΙΡΩ, ΠΡΟΚΑΛΕΩ, ΕΡΕΘΙΖΩ

G1989

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: eh-pes-tal-MEH-non

Translations: (of) those sent, (of) those dispatched, (of) those commanded, (of) those instructed, (of) those written

Notes: This word is the perfect passive participle of the verb ΕΠΙΣΤΕΛΛΩ, meaning 'to send a message, to dispatch, to command, to instruct, or to write'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, describing something that has been sent, dispatched, commanded, or written. In this form, it refers to 'those things or people that have been sent/commanded/written'.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΕΜΦΘΕΝΤΩΝ, ΔΙΑΤΑΧΘΕΝΤΩΝ

Etymology: The word ΕΠΙΣΤΕΛΛΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΕΠΙ (EPI), meaning 'upon' or 'to', and the verb ΣΤΕΛΛΩ (STELLŌ), meaning 'to send' or 'to prepare'.

G1510

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: eh-SO-meh-non

Translations: that which is to be, the future, about to be, coming, a thing that is to be

Notes: This word is a future participle of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It describes something that is 'about to be' or 'going to happen'. When used substantively, especially in the neuter singular, it refers to 'the future' or 'that which is to come'. It can function as an adjective modifying a noun, or as a noun itself.

Inflection: Future, Middle/Passive, Participle, Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΜΕΛΛΩΝ, ΓΕΝΗΣΟΜΕΝΟΝ

G2480

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-doo-MAI-oos

Translations: Idumaeans, the Idumaeans

Notes: This word refers to the inhabitants of Idumaea, a region south of Judea. They were descendants of Esau and were often in conflict with the Israelites. In the context of the provided usage, it refers to a group of people who were called upon or known for their tumultuous and disorderly nature.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: The word is derived from the Hebrew word 'Edom' (אֱדוֹם), which means 'red' and refers to Esau, the ancestor of the Edomites/Idumaeans. The region of Idumaea was historically known as Edom.

G3756

Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΉ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.

G0447

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-nee-EH-sahn

Translations: let go, release, relax, give up, allow, loosen, unbind

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἀνά (ana, 'up' or 'back') and the verb ἵημι (hiēmi, 'to send' or 'to throw'). It generally means to let go, release, or relax. It can be used in various contexts, such as releasing a physical object, relaxing a grip, giving up an effort, or allowing something to happen. In the provided examples, it conveys the sense of allowing horses to graze, or not ceasing an action (not letting up on fighting).

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ἈΦΙΗΜΙ, ΛΥΩ, ΧΑΛΑΩ

G1759

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: en-EH-kin-toh

Translations: they were urgent, they pressed upon, they insisted, they lay upon, they were laid upon

Notes: This word describes an action of pressing upon, urging, or insisting with force or persistence. It can also mean to lie upon or be laid upon something. It implies a strong, persistent action or pressure, often in a hostile or demanding manner.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ἘΠΙΚΕΙ͂ΜΑΙ, ἘΠΙΜΕΝΩ, ΠΙΕΖΩ

Etymology: From the prefix ἘΝ (en), meaning 'in' or 'on', and ΚΕΙ͂ΜΑΙ (keimai), meaning 'to lie' or 'to be laid'.

G3839

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: pan-takh-O-then

Translations: from all sides, from every direction, on every side, everywhere

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'from all directions' or 'on every side'. It is used to indicate that something originates from, or is present in, every possible direction or location. It conveys a sense of comprehensiveness or universality regarding origin or presence.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΑΝΤΑΧΟΥ, ΠΑΝΤΗ

Etymology: This word is formed from the root 'πᾶς' (pas), meaning 'all', combined with a suffix indicating 'from a place'. It denotes 'from all places' or 'from every direction'.

G2638

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-lah-BOH-meh-noy

Translations: having taken, having seized, having apprehended, having overtaken, having understood, having attained

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'katalambanō'. It describes an action of taking, seizing, apprehending, or understanding that has already occurred. It can refer to physically taking hold of something, mentally grasping a concept, or even overtaking someone in a race. In the provided examples, it consistently refers to the act of 'taking possession of' or 'seizing' a place.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΣΥΛΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

G3735

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: okh-y-RON

Translations: strong, fortified, secure, a strong place, a fortress

Notes: This word describes something that is strong, firm, or fortified. It can refer to a physical structure like a wall or a place that is difficult to attack, or it can be used metaphorically to describe something that is secure or unyielding. In its neuter singular form, as seen here, it often functions as a noun meaning 'a strong place' or 'a fortress'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΡΟΣ, ΚΡΑΤΑΙΟΣ, ΑΣΦΑΛΗΣ

Etymology: The word ὈΧΥΡΟΣ (ochyros) is derived from the verb ὀχυρόω (ochyroo), meaning 'to make strong, to fortify'.

G2507

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ka-THEH-ee-lon

Translations: pulled down, tore down, overthrew, destroyed

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata, meaning 'down' or 'against') and the verb αἱρέω (haireō, meaning 'to take' or 'to seize'). Together, it means to take down, pull down, tear down, or overthrow. It is often used in contexts of demolishing structures, such as altars or walls, or overthrowing authorities.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΙΡΕΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΥΩ, ΕΚΒΑΛΛΩ

G1709

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: em-PREE-san-tes

Translations: having burned, having set on fire, having consumed by fire

Notes: This is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having burned' or 'having set on fire'. It describes an action that was completed in the past by the subject of the main verb. It is often used to indicate the cause or circumstance of another action.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΚΑΥΣΑΝΤΕΣ, ΠΥΡΠΟΛΗΣΑΝΤΕΣ

Etymology: The word ἐμπρήθω (empraithō) comes from the prefix ἐν (en), meaning 'in' or 'on', and πρήθω (prēthō), meaning 'to blow' or 'to burn'. The combination suggests 'to blow into a fire' or 'to set on fire'.

G0245

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: al-LO-foo-lon

Translations: foreign, alien, of another tribe, a foreigner, an alien

Notes: This word describes someone or something that belongs to a different tribe, nation, or race. It is often used in a context referring to non-Israelites or those who are not part of one's own people. It can be used to describe a person or a thing that is foreign.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΞΕΝΟΣ, ΕΘΝΙΚΟΣ

Etymology: This is a compound word derived from ἈΛΛΟΣ (ALLOS), meaning 'other', and ΦΥΛΟΝ (PHYLON), meaning 'tribe' or 'race'.

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: lah-BON-tes

Translations: taking, having taken, receiving, having received, seizing, having seized

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle of the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred or is completed. It often conveys the sense of 'having taken' or 'having received' and can be used to introduce a subordinate clause, indicating the circumstances or cause of the main action. For example, 'having taken the letter, they did not hurry'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ, ΑΙΡΕΩ

G1283

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-eer-PAH-san

Translations: plundered, they plundered, they seized as spoil, they carried off as plunder

Notes: This word describes the act of plundering, seizing, or carrying off something as spoil. It implies a forceful and often violent taking of possessions, typically after a conquest or attack. It is used to describe what a group of people did.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΑΡΠΑΖΩ, ΣΚΥΛΕΥΩ

Etymology: The word διαρπάζω (diarpazō) is a compound word formed from διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and ἁρπάζω (harpazō), meaning 'to seize', 'to snatch', or 'to carry off'. The prefix διά intensifies the action of seizing, implying a thorough or complete plundering.

G4183

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: POL-lah

Translations: much, many, great, abundant, often, greatly, many things

Notes: This word is an inflection of the adjective 'ΠΟΛΥΣ' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many'. As an adjective, 'ΠΟΛΛΑ' typically functions as the neuter plural nominative or accusative, meaning 'many things' or 'much'. It can also function as an adverb, meaning 'often' or 'greatly'. It is used to indicate a large quantity or frequency.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative (of the adjective ΠΟΛΥΣ); or Adverb

Synonyms: ΠΛΕΙΩΝ, ΙΚΑΝΟΣ

G2892