Home / Interlinears (Beta) / Codex Sinaiticus / Job / Chapter 12Job, Chapter 12
Interlinear version from Codex Sinaiticus (Beta)
G5274
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: hoo-po-la-BOHN
Translations: having taken up, having taken in, having received, having supposed, having answered, having replied
Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from 'ὑπό' (under) and 'λαμβάνω' (to take). It means to take up, to receive, to suppose, or to answer. Its meaning can vary depending on the context. For example, it can mean to take up a discourse (to answer or reply), to take someone under one's protection (to receive), or to take a view or opinion (to suppose).
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΚΡΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΝΟΜΙΖΩ
G1161
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: DEH
Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however
Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.
G2492
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: EE-ohb
Translations: Job
Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to the biblical figure Job, a righteous man who endures great suffering. The final mark (ʼ) is a keraia, which typically indicates a numeral, but in this context, it is a scribal mark often found with proper nouns in ancient manuscripts, or it could be a variant spelling. It does not change the meaning of the word as the name Job.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative
Etymology: The name 'Job' is of Hebrew origin, from the Hebrew word 'Iyyov' (אִיּוֹב), meaning 'persecuted' or 'hated'. It entered Greek through the Septuagint translation of the Old Testament.
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: LEH-ghei
Translations: says, speaks, he says, he speaks, she says, she speaks, it says, it speaks
Notes: This is a common Koine Greek verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is frequently used to introduce direct quotes or to state what someone (or something) is declaring. It is often translated as 'he says' or 'the Lord says' in biblical contexts.
Inflection: Third person singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΦΗΜΙ
G1899
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: EYE-tah
Translations: then, next, afterwards, thereupon
Notes: This word is an adverb used to indicate sequence in time or order, meaning 'then' or 'next'. It can also denote a consequence or result, meaning 'afterwards' or 'thereupon'. It is often used to introduce the next step in a series of events or a logical progression.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΠΕΙΤΑ, ΕΙΤΑΓΕ, ΕΙΤΟΥΝ
Etymology: This word is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the demonstrative pronoun 'ho' (this) or from a root meaning 'to go'.
G5210
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: hoo-MEES
Translations: you, to you, for you, by you, with you
Notes: This word is a second-person plural pronoun. Without diacritics, it most commonly represents either the nominative form 'ὑμεῖς' (you) or the dative form 'ὑμῖν' (to/for/by/with you). Its specific meaning in a sentence depends on the grammatical case it represents, which is often determined by context or the presence of prepositions. It refers to a group of people being addressed.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Dative
Etymology: The word 'ὑμεῖς' (hymeis) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *yuH- (you). It is the plural form of the second-person pronoun.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ES-teh
Translations: you are
Notes: This word is a form of the verb "to be" in Koine Greek. It specifically means "you are" when referring to multiple people (plural). It is used to state a fact or condition about the subject, similar to how "are" is used in English.
Inflection: 2nd Person, Plural, Present Tense, Indicative Mood, Active Voice
G0444
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: AN-throh-poys (for dative) or AN-throh-poy (for nominative)
Translations: to men, to people, to humans, men, people, humans
Notes: This is a scribal abbreviation for the word ἀνθρώποις (anthrōpois), meaning 'to men' or 'to people', or it could be an abbreviation for ἄνθρωποι (anthrōpoi), meaning 'men' or 'people'. It refers to human beings in general, often in contrast to God or divine beings. It is used to denote mankind, a person, or people collectively. The context usually clarifies whether it refers to specific individuals or humanity at large.
Inflection: Plural, Dative or Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΒΡΟΤΟΣ, ΑΝΗΡ
G3588, G3739, G2228
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection
Sounds like: AY
Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah
Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.
Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)
Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.
G3326
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: meth
Translations: with, after, among, by, in company with
Notes: This is an elided form of the preposition 'μετά' (meta), which means 'with' or 'after'. The final alpha (α) is dropped when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark (indicated by the 'θ' which is the first letter of the following word in the examples, 'θύμου'). It indicates association, accompaniment, or sequence in time or order. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'after' or 'behind'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition, but this is an elided form)
Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- (among, with, in the middle of).
G5216
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: hoo-MOHN
Translations: (of) you, your
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the second-person personal pronoun, meaning 'of you' or 'your' when referring to multiple people. It indicates possession, origin, or relationship concerning a group of people being addressed. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'the house of you' (your house) or 'from among you'.
Inflection: Second Person, Plural, Genitive
G5053
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: teh-le-oo-TEE-say
Translations: will die, will finish, will come to an end
Notes: This word is a verb indicating a future action of dying, finishing, or coming to an end. It is used to describe someone or something reaching its conclusion or ceasing to exist. For example, it can refer to a person dying or a period of time ending.
Inflection: Future, Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΘΝΗΣΚΩ, ΚΑΤΑΠΑΥΩ, ΠΑΥΩ
G4678
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: so-FEE-ah
Translations: wisdom, a wisdom
Notes: This word refers to wisdom, which is the quality of having experience, knowledge, and good judgment. It often implies practical insight and skill in living, or divine wisdom. It is used as a feminine noun in sentences.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΕΣΙΣ, ΓΝΩΣΙΣ, ΦΡΟΝΗΣΙΣ
Etymology: From an ancient root meaning 'skill' or 'cleverness', evolving to mean 'wisdom' or 'prudence'.
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: MOY
Translations: (to) me, (for) me
Notes: ΜΟΙ is the dative form of the first-person singular pronoun 'I'. It is used to indicate the indirect object of a verb, showing to whom or for whom an action is performed. It can also express possession or benefit.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, First Person
Synonyms: ΕΜΟΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a very ancient word, found across many Indo-European languages.
G3303
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: MEN
Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however
Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.
G2588
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kar-DEE-ah
Translations: heart, a heart, mind, inner self, center
Notes: This word refers to the physical organ, the heart, but more commonly in Koine Greek, it signifies the inner person, the seat of thoughts, emotions, will, and moral character. It can represent the mind, soul, or the core of one's being. It is often used metaphorically to describe the center of something, like the 'heart of the sea'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΨΥΧΗ, ΝΟΥΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'heart'.
G2596
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix
Sounds like: kath
Translations: according to, down, against, throughout, during, by, for, with respect to, concerning
Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down' or 'according to'. It is commonly used as a prefix in compound words or as a preposition governing various cases. When used as a preposition, it can indicate movement downwards, distribution, opposition, or a standard of comparison. For example, 'καθ' ἕνα' means 'one by one', and 'καθά' means 'just as' or 'according as'. The elision (dropping of the final vowel) occurs before a word beginning with a vowel and a rough breathing mark.
Inflection: Does not inflect (it is an elided form of a preposition)
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΔΙΑ
Etymology: The word 'κατά' (kata) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'down' or 'against'. It is a common preposition in ancient Greek, indicating various relationships of position, direction, or standard.
G5210
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: hoo-MAS
Translations: you, you all
Notes: This is a second-person plural personal pronoun, meaning 'you' or 'you all'. It is in the accusative case, indicating that it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used in a sentence like 'He saw you all'.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Second Person, All genders
G2076
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ES-tin
Translations: is, he is, she is, it is, there is, exists
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'to be' in Koine Greek. It indicates existence, identity, or a state of being. It is commonly used to link a subject to a predicate, describing what the subject is or what state it is in. For example, it can mean 'he is' or 'it is', depending on the context.
Inflection: Third person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ
G1342
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: dee-KAH-ee-oss
Translations: righteous, just, upright, fair, a righteous one, a just one
Notes: This word describes someone or something that is righteous, just, or in conformity with divine or human law. It can refer to a person who acts morally and ethically, or to an action that is considered fair and equitable. When used as a noun, it refers to a righteous person.
Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (can also be used substantively as a noun)
Synonyms: ΑΓΑΘΟΣ, ΟΣΙΟΣ, ΕΥΘΥΣ
Etymology: This word comes from the Greek word δίκη (dikē), meaning 'justice' or 'right'. It describes that which is in accordance with justice or right.
G1063
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: gar
Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.
G0435
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-NEER
Translations: man, a man, husband, a husband, male, a male
Notes: This word refers to a man, a male human being, or a husband. It is often used to distinguish a male from a female, or to refer to an adult male in general. It can also be used to denote a person of high standing or character.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ, ΑΡΣΗΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'man'. It is related to words for 'man' in various Indo-European languages.
G0298
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-MEMP-tos
Translations: blameless, faultless, irreproachable, without reproach
Notes: This adjective describes someone or something that is without fault, blame, or reproach. It signifies a state of moral integrity and blamelessness, often used in a religious or ethical context to describe a person's character or conduct as being above criticism. It is a compound word formed from the negative prefix 'α-' (a-, meaning 'not' or 'without') and 'μεμπτός' (memtos, meaning 'blamable' or 'reproachable').
Inflection: Nominative, Masculine or Feminine, Singular
Synonyms: ΑΜΩΜΟΣ, ΑΝΕΓΚΛΗΤΟΣ, ΑΝΕΠΙΛΗΜΠΤΟΣ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek 'ἀ-' (a-, 'not') and 'μεμπτός' (memtos, 'blamable'), from 'μέμφομαι' (memphomai, 'to blame'). It describes something that cannot be blamed or found fault with.
G1096
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-geh-NEE-thee
Translations: was born, became, happened, came to pass, was made, occurred
Notes: This word is the third person singular, aorist indicative passive form of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai). It signifies something coming into existence, being born, becoming, happening, or occurring. It is used to describe events that took place in the past, often emphasizing the result or outcome of an action or process.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Passive
Synonyms: ΓΕΝΝΑΩ, ΓΙΓΝΟΜΑΙ
G1519, G1520
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral
Sounds like: EES
Translations: into, to, for, toward, among, in, a, an, one
Notes: As a preposition, ΕΙΣ (eis) indicates motion or direction towards a place, person, or purpose, often translated as 'into,' 'to,' or 'for.' It always takes the accusative case. For example, 'into the house' or 'to God.' It can also be used to express purpose or result. As a numeral, ΕΙΣ (heis) means 'one' and is the masculine nominative singular form, often translated as 'a,' 'an,' or 'one.'
Inflection: Preposition: Does not inflect. Numeral: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (other forms exist for other genders and cases).
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en-s, an extended form of the preposition *en (in).
G5514
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHLEH-oo-as-ma
Translations: mockery, a mockery, derision, a derision
Notes: This word refers to an act of mockery, derision, or scoffing. It describes the state or action of being made fun of or treated with contempt. It is typically used to describe the object or result of scornful laughter or ridicule.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΕΜΠΑΙΓΜΟΣ, ΜΥΚΤΗΡΙΣΜΟΣ
G5550
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHRO-non
Translations: time, a time, period, a period
Notes: This word refers to a period of time, a duration, or a specific point in time. It is used to denote the extent or length of an event or situation. For example, it can refer to a long time, a short time, or a particular season.
Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΑΙΡΟΣ, ΑΙΩΝ
G5011
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: TAK-ton
Translations: appointed, fixed, regular, orderly, a fixed time, a regular time
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'appointed,' 'fixed,' or 'regular.' It describes something that has been set in order or arranged according to a plan or rule. It can be used to refer to a specific time or place that has been designated for a particular purpose.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΩΡΙΣΜΕΝΟΣ, ΔΙΑΤΕΤΑΓΜΕΝΟΣ
G2090
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: hay-toy-MAH-stoh
Translations: was prepared, was made ready
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to prepare' or 'to make ready'. In this form, it is in the aorist tense, indicating a past action, and in the passive voice, meaning the subject was acted upon, i.e., 'was prepared' or 'was made ready'. It describes something being put in a state of readiness by an external agent.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle or Passive, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΣΚΕΥΑΖΩ, ΠΑΡΑΣΚΕΥΑΖΩ
Etymology: From ἕτοιμος (hetoimos), meaning 'ready' or 'prepared'. The verb form adds the sense of 'to make ready'.
G4098
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: peh-SEIN
Translations: to fall, to fall down, to fall prostrate, to fall into, to fall upon, to perish
Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'πίπτω' (piptō), meaning 'to fall'. It can describe a literal physical fall, such as falling to the ground, or a more figurative fall, like falling into sin or error. It can also mean to fall down in worship or submission, or to fall upon something or someone. In some contexts, it can imply perishing or being overthrown.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΠΙΠΤΕΙΝ, ΚΑΤΑΠΙΠΤΕΙΝ, ΠΡΟΣΠΙΠΤΕΙΝ
Etymology: The word πίπτω (piptō) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *pet-, meaning 'to rush, to fly, to fall'.
G5259
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: hoo-POH
Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.
G0243
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun
Sounds like: AL-looss
Translations: others, other ones, different ones, of another, of someone else, of something else
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the adjective/pronoun 'allos', meaning 'other' or 'another'. In the form 'allous', it can function as the masculine accusative plural, referring to 'other people' or 'other things' as direct objects. It can also be the genitive singular masculine or neuter, meaning 'of another' or 'of someone/something else', indicating possession or origin. Additionally, it could be the genitive singular feminine, meaning 'of another (female person or thing)'. Its meaning depends on the grammatical context.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine OR Genitive, Singular, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ
G3624
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: OY-koos
Translations: houses, homes, households, temples, a house, a home, a household, a temple
Notes: This word refers to a house, home, or dwelling place. It can also extend to mean a household, family, or even a temple or lineage. In the provided context, it appears to be the accusative plural of 'house' or 'household', indicating the objects of an action.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΙΚΙΑ, ΟΙΚΗΜΑ, ΟΙΚΗΣΙΣ
Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to the idea of dwelling or inhabiting. It is a common word in ancient Greek for a dwelling.
G5037
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle
Sounds like: TEH
Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOO
Translations: of him, of it, his, its, of himself, of itself, himself, itself
Notes: This word is a pronoun that can function as a personal pronoun, a possessive pronoun, or an intensive/reflexive pronoun. In the genitive case, as seen here, it typically means 'of him' or 'of it' when referring to a third person, or 'his' or 'its' to indicate possession. It can also be used for emphasis, meaning 'himself' or 'itself', especially when preceding the noun it modifies.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
G1607
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ek-por-THEY-sthai
Translations: to plunder, to pillage, to lay waste, to destroy utterly, to sack
Notes: This word is a verb indicating the action of utterly destroying or laying waste to a place, often through plundering or sacking. It implies a complete and violent devastation. It is the present passive infinitive form of the verb.
Inflection: Present, Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΑΙΡΕΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΥΩ, ΟΛΕΘΡΕΥΩ
G0459
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: ah-NO-moh
Translations: to lawless, to an outlaw, to a lawless one, to one without law, to one who violates the law, to a transgressor, to an unrighteous person
Notes: This word is derived from the root 'NOMOS' (law) and the negative prefix 'A-' (without), meaning 'without law' or 'lawless'. It describes someone who disregards or violates the law, whether divine or human. It can refer to a person who is an outlaw or a transgressor. In a broader sense, it can describe someone who is unrighteous or wicked.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΔΙΚΟΣ, ΑΣΕΒΗΣ, ΠΑΡΑΝΟΜΟΣ
G3756, G3757
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Relative Adverb, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OO
Translations: not, no, where, of whom, of which, when
Notes: This word, written without diacritics, can represent at least two distinct Koine Greek words. It most commonly functions as a negative particle (οὐ), meaning 'not' or 'no', used to express a direct and objective negation. It can also function as a relative adverb (οὗ), meaning 'where' or 'when', indicating place or time, or as a relative genitive pronoun, meaning 'of whom' or 'of which'. The precise meaning depends on the context and the original diacritics.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a particle/adverb); Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter (as a relative pronoun)
Synonyms: ΜΗ, ΟΠΟΥ
Etymology: The negative particle οὐ (ou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ne, meaning 'not'. The relative adverb/pronoun οὗ (hou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-, a pronominal stem.
G3376, G3378
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Part of Speech: Noun, Adverb
Sounds like: MAYN
Translations: month, a month, surely, indeed, truly, certainly
Notes: This word has two primary meanings in Koine Greek. As a noun (G3378), it refers to a 'month', a period of time. As an adverb (G3376), it functions as an emphatic particle, meaning 'surely', 'indeed', 'truly', or 'certainly', often used to confirm or emphasize a statement. It can also be used in questions to expect a positive answer.
Inflection: Noun: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, Dative; Adverb: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΤΟΣ, ΑΛΗΘΩΣ, ΟΝΤΩΣ
Etymology: The noun 'ΜΗΝ' (month) comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to the moon and its cycle. The adverb 'ΜΗΝ' (surely) is also of uncertain but ancient origin, possibly related to particles of affirmation.
G0235
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: AL-lah
Translations: but, yet, rather, on the contrary, nevertheless, however, indeed
Notes: This word is primarily a conjunction used to introduce a contrast or opposition to what has just been stated. It can often be translated as 'but' or 'yet'. It can also function as an adverb, meaning 'on the contrary' or 'indeed', emphasizing a preceding statement or introducing a strong affirmation.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΟΜΩΣ, ΠΛΗΝ
Etymology: From the neuter plural of the adjective ἄλλος (allos), meaning 'other'. It developed into a conjunction indicating distinction or opposition.
G3367
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: MAY-thays
Translations: no one, nothing, none, no
Notes: This word is a negative indefinite pronoun or adjective, meaning 'no one' or 'nothing' when used as a pronoun, and 'no' or 'not any' when used as an adjective. It is used to express absolute negation of a person or thing, particularly in contexts where the negation is subjective or conditional, often following a negative particle like 'μη' (me).
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΙΣ, ΜΗΔΕΝ
G3982
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: peh-POY-theh-toh
Translations: let him trust, let him be confident, let him rely, let him obey
Notes: This word is a verb meaning to trust, be confident, or rely upon something or someone. It is often used in the sense of having faith or conviction. In this specific form, it is a command or exhortation directed at a third person, meaning 'let him trust' or 'he must trust'. It can also carry the meaning of 'to obey' or 'to be persuaded'.
Inflection: Perfect Active Imperative, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΘΑΡΣΕΩ, ΠΙΣΤΕΥΩ
G4190
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: po-NEE-ros
Translations: evil, wicked, bad, malicious, harmful, worthless, a wicked person, the evil one
Notes: This word describes something or someone as evil, wicked, or bad. It can refer to moral depravity, harmfulness, or worthlessness. It is often used to describe people who are morally corrupt or actions that are harmful. When used substantively, it can refer to 'the evil one,' often understood as the devil.
Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular
Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΣ, ΦΑΥΛΟΣ, ΑΣΕΒΗΣ
Etymology: The word is derived from πονέω (poneō), meaning 'to toil, labor, suffer,' suggesting something that causes toil or suffering, hence 'evil' or 'painful.'
G5607
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Part of Speech: Participle, Verb
Sounds like: OHN
Translations: being, who is, which is, he who is, they who are
Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'to be'. It describes a state of being or existence, often functioning like an adjective or a noun. It can be translated as 'being' or 'who is/are' depending on the context, referring to someone or something that is in a particular state or performing an action of being.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative
G0299
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: AH-thoh-os
Translations: innocent, guiltless, unpunished
Notes: This adjective describes someone who is free from guilt or blame, or who has not suffered punishment for a wrongdoing. It is used to declare a person's blamelessness in a legal or moral sense.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine; Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Feminine; Singular, Vocative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΙΤΙΟΣ, ΑΚΑΚΟΣ
Etymology: The word 'ΑΘΩΟΣ' is derived from the privative alpha (α-) meaning 'not' and 'θωός' (thoos), which relates to punishment or penalty. Thus, it literally means 'without penalty' or 'unpunished'.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-SES-thai
Translations: to be, to exist, to happen, to become
Notes: This word is the future infinitive form of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It signifies a future state of being, existence, or occurrence. It is often used in constructions where one expects something to happen or to be the case in the future, functioning similarly to 'will be' or 'is going to be' in English. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'He said that it would be good' or 'They hoped to be free'.
Inflection: Infinitive, Future, Middle/Passive Voice (deponent), All genders, All cases
Synonyms: ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ
Etymology: The verb εἰμί (eimi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to be' or 'to exist'. It is one of the most fundamental verbs in the Greek language.
G3745
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Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Relative Adjective
Sounds like: OH-soy
Translations: as many as, all who, whoever, how many
Notes: This word functions as a relative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'as many as' or 'all who'. It introduces a relative clause and refers to a quantity or number of people or things. It is used to connect a dependent clause to a main clause, specifying the extent or number of the antecedent.
Inflection: Nominative, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΠΑΣ, ΟΣΤΙΣ
Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun ὅς (hos, 'this, that') and the suffix -σος (-sos), indicating quantity or degree. It is related to other words indicating quantity or extent.
G3949
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pah-ror-GHEE-zoh-sin
Translations: they provoke to anger, they exasperate, they enrage
Notes: This word means to provoke to wrath, to exasperate, or to make very angry. It describes the action of causing someone to become furious or indignant. It is used to describe actions that stir up strong negative emotions in another person, often leading to a state of intense displeasure or rage.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΕΡΕΘΙΖΩ, ΠΑΡΟΞΥΝΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: the
Notes: This word is the masculine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a particular masculine noun that is the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'he saw the man' or 'towards the God'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed to function as a marker of definiteness in Greek.
G2962
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KOO-ree-ON
Translations: Lord, a Lord
Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for ΚΥΡΙΟΝ (KYRION), meaning 'Lord'. It is the accusative singular form of ΚΥΡΙΟΣ (KYRIOS), which means 'Lord' or 'Master'. It is used to refer to God or Jesus Christ, or sometimes to a human master or owner. In the provided context, it is used with the accusative article 'ΤΟΝ', indicating it is the direct object of a verb.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΘΕΟΣ
Etymology: From ΚΥΡΟΣ (KYROS), meaning 'power' or 'authority'. It refers to one who has power or authority, hence 'lord' or 'master'.
G5613
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition
Sounds like: OHS
Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that
Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.
G3780
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OO-khee
Translations: no, not, by no means, certainly not
Notes: This word is a strong negative particle, used to express an emphatic 'no' or 'not'. It is often used when the speaker expects a negative answer or wants to strongly deny something. It can stand alone as an answer or be used to negate a verb or a phrase, emphasizing the denial more strongly than a simple 'οὐ'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥ, ΜΗ
Etymology: From οὐ (ou) and the enclitic particle χί (chi), which adds emphasis. It is a strengthened form of the simple negative particle οὐ.
G1830
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ex-EH-ta-sis
Translations: examination, investigation, inquiry, scrutiny, a searching out
Notes: This word refers to a thorough examination or investigation, often implying a close scrutiny or a searching out of facts. It can be used in contexts where something is being carefully looked into, such as an inquiry into a matter or a detailed inspection. It is a feminine noun.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΡΕΥΝΑ, ΔΟΚΙΜΑΣΙΑ, ΑΝΑΚΡΙΣΙΣ
Etymology: From the verb ἐξετάζω (exetazo), meaning 'to examine thoroughly', which is formed from ἐκ (ek, 'out of') and ἐτάζω (etazo, 'to examine').
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: of them, their, their own
Notes: This word is a personal pronoun in the genitive plural. It can be translated as 'of them' or 'their', indicating possession or origin. It is often used reflexively, meaning 'their own' or 'of themselves', referring back to the subject of the sentence.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders
Synonyms: ΣΦΩΝ, ΕΑΥΤΩΝ
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ES-tai
Translations: will be, shall be, it will be, it shall be
Notes: This word is the third person singular future indicative form of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It signifies an action or state that will occur in the future. It is commonly used to express future existence, occurrence, or a future state of being, often translated as 'will be' or 'shall be'. For example, 'it will be done' or 'he will be there'.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Future, Indicative, Middle/Passive (deponent in future)
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (to be). It is a very ancient and fundamental verb in the Greek language, tracing its roots back to the earliest stages of Indo-European.
G1211
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: DAY
Translations: now, indeed, then, already, certainly, truly, come, go to
Notes: This word is an indeclinable particle used to give emphasis, urgency, or to mark a transition in discourse. It can express a sense of 'now' or 'already', or it can be used to urge someone to action, similar to 'come on' or 'go to'. It often adds a sense of immediacy or certainty to a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΡΑ, ΓΕ, ΝΥΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to emphasize or urge.
G2065
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-roh-TEE-son
Translations: ask, question, request, entreat, beg
Notes: This word means to ask, question, or make a request. It can be used in various contexts, from simply asking a question to making a formal request or even begging. It implies seeking information or a favor from someone.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Imperative, Second Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΑΙΤΕΩ, ΠΥΝΘΑΝΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: From a prolonged form of a primary verb, possibly related to the idea of 'to question' or 'to seek'.
G5074
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Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective
Sounds like: tet-RAH-po-dah
Translations: four-footed animals, quadrupeds, beasts
Notes: This word refers to animals that have four feet. It is a compound word derived from 'τέτρα' (tetra), meaning 'four', and 'πούς' (pous), meaning 'foot'. It is used to describe any creature that walks on four legs, often in contrast to humans or birds.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΚΤΗΝΗ, ΖΩΑ
G1437
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: eh-AHN
Translations: if, when, whenever, although
Notes: This word is a conditional conjunction used to introduce a protasis (the 'if' clause) in a conditional sentence. It often implies a condition that is possible or expected to occur, or a general truth. It can also be used to mean 'when' or 'whenever' in a general sense, or even 'although' in some contexts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΙ
Etymology: From the conjunction εἰ (ei, 'if') and the particle ἄν (an), which indicates potentiality or contingency. It combines these elements to form a conditional conjunction.
G4771
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: SOY
Translations: (to) you, (for) you, you
Notes: This is the second-person singular dative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'to you' or 'for you'. It can also simply translate as 'you' when the context implies a dative relationship, such as indirect object or a recipient of an action. It is used to indicate the person to whom something is given, said, or done, or for whom an action is performed. For example, 'I give to you' or 'I do this for you'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Second Person
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a very ancient pronoun, found across many Indo-European languages.
G2036
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ay-POH-sin
Translations: they may say, they might say, they may speak, they might speak, they may tell, they might tell
Notes: This is a verb form derived from the root 'ΛΕΓΩ' (lego), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to express a potential or hypothetical action of speaking or saying by a group of people.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Subjunctive, Active
Synonyms: ΦΗΜΙ, ΛΑΛΕΩ
G4071
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: peh-tee-NAH
Translations: birds, fowls
Notes: This word refers to birds or winged creatures, often used in a general sense to describe the fowls of the air. It is typically used in the plural to denote a collection of birds.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΡΝΙΘΕΣ
G3772
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: oo-ra-NOO
Translations: of heaven, of the heaven, of sky, of the sky
Notes: This word refers to the physical sky above the earth, or more commonly in a theological context, to the dwelling place of God and the angels, often translated as 'heaven'. It is used to indicate origin or possession, as in 'from heaven' or 'of heaven'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΙΘΗΡ, ΚΟΣΜΟΣ
G0518
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-pang-geh-LOH-see
Translations: they will report, they will announce, they will declare, they will tell, they will bring word
Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning to report, announce, declare, or bring word. It is formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb ἀγγέλλω (angellō), meaning 'to announce' or 'to tell'. Thus, it conveys the idea of bringing a message from one place or person to another, often with the implication of a formal or official report. It is used to describe the act of conveying information, news, or a message.
Inflection: Future, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΔΙΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ
Etymology: The word ἀπαγγέλλω (apangellō) is a compound of the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb ἀγγέλλω (angellō), meaning 'to announce' or 'to tell'. The root ἀγγέλλω itself is derived from ἄγγελος (angelos), meaning 'messenger'.
G1630
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ek-dee-ay-GAY-saiss
Translations: you may declare, you may tell fully, you may relate in detail
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to declare fully' or 'to relate in detail'. It emphasizes a complete and thorough narration of something. It is a compound word formed from the preposition 'εκ' (out of, from) and the verb 'διηγέομαι' (to narrate, describe).
Inflection: Second Person, Singular, Aorist, Middle, Subjunctive
Synonyms: ΔΙΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΑΠΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΑΝΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ
Etymology: The word ἐκδιηγέομαι (ekdiegeomai) is a compound of the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb διηγέομαι (diegeomai), meaning 'to narrate' or 'to relate'. The prefix intensifies the action, implying a full and complete narration.
G1627
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ek-dee-ay-GAY-sai
Translations: relate fully, declare, recount, tell in detail
Notes: This word means to narrate or declare something in full detail, providing a comprehensive account. It implies a thorough and complete telling of a story or event, often with an emphasis on making it known to others.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle, Imperative, Second Person Singular
Synonyms: ΑΠΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΔΙΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΕΞΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: The word ΕΚΔΙΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΕΚ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from,' and the verb ΔΙΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ (diegeomai), meaning 'to narrate' or 'to relate.' The prefix intensifies the action, implying a full or complete narration.
G1093
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: GAY
Translations: earth, land, ground, country, a land, the earth
Notes: This word refers to the physical ground, the planet Earth, or a specific territory or country. It is often used to distinguish land from the sea or sky, or to denote a particular region or nation.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΓΑΙΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It refers to the earth as a flat, solid surface, distinct from the heavens or the sea.
G5419
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: FRAH-see
Translations: he may tell, he may declare, he may explain, he may make known
Notes: This word is a verb form, specifically the third person singular aorist active subjunctive of the verb φράζω (phrazō). It means 'he/she/it may tell,' 'declare,' 'explain,' or 'make known.' It is used to express a potential or hypothetical action, often in a subordinate clause introduced by a particle like 'if' (ἐάν).
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Subjunctive
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΕΙΠΩ, ΔΗΛΟΩ
Etymology: The word φράζω (phrazō) comes from an uncertain origin, possibly related to φρήν (phrēn), meaning 'mind' or 'understanding,' suggesting a connection to expressing thoughts.
G1834
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ex-ay-GAY-son-tai
Translations: they will explain, they will interpret, they will recount, they will declare, they will make known
Notes: This word describes the act of leading out, expounding, or interpreting something, often with the sense of making it clear or fully known. It implies a detailed explanation or narration, bringing something from obscurity into light. It is used to describe the act of explaining divine truths, recounting events, or interpreting complex ideas.
Inflection: Future, Middle/Passive, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΔΙΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΕΡΜΗΝΕΥΩ, ΔΗΛΟΩ
Etymology: From the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of', and the verb ἡγέομαι (hēgeomai), meaning 'to lead' or 'to guide'. Thus, it literally means 'to lead out' or 'to guide out', which evolved into the sense of explaining or interpreting by leading someone through the meaning.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection
Sounds like: OY
Translations: the, who, they, oh
Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.
Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.
G2486
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ikh-THOO-es
Translations: fish
Notes: This word refers to 'fish' as an animal. It is the plural form of the noun 'ichthys'. In ancient contexts, fish were a common food source and held symbolic significance in various cultures, including early Christianity.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: THAYS
Translations: of the
Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.
G2281
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: tha-LAS-sees
Translations: of the sea, of a sea
Notes: This word refers to a large body of salt water, such as an ocean or a sea. It is often used to describe the physical body of water, but can also be used metaphorically to represent vastness, chaos, or the Gentile world in some contexts. It is typically used in a possessive sense, indicating something belonging to or related to the sea.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΕΛΑΓΟΣ, ΩΚΕΑΝΟΣ
G5101
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Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective
Sounds like: TEES
Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing
Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.
Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.
Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.
G3767
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: OON
Translations: therefore, then, accordingly, consequently, so, now, indeed
Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or continuation. It often introduces a conclusion or a statement that follows from what has just been said. It can also be used to resume a narrative or to emphasize a point, sometimes translated as 'now' or 'indeed' in such contexts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂u, a particle indicating 'away from'. In Greek, it developed into a particle of inference or transition.
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OOK
Translations: not, no
Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express negation. It typically precedes a word beginning with a vowel or is used at the end of a clause. It is used to deny a fact or to express a strong prohibition. It is often used with verbs to negate their action, meaning 'not' or 'no'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥ, ΟΥΧΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a primary negative particle in Ancient Greek, related to similar negative particles in other Indo-European languages.
G1097
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EG-noh
Translations: knew, perceived, understood, recognized
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to know', 'to perceive', 'to understand', or 'to recognize'. It often implies a knowledge gained through experience or observation, rather than mere intellectual assent. As a past tense form, it describes an action that was completed in the past.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΟΙΔΑ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΣΥΝΙΗΜΙ
G1722
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EN
Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at, into, to
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its primary meaning is 'in' or 'within,' indicating location, time, or state. It always takes the dative case. Depending on the context, it can also be translated as 'on,' 'among,' 'with' (indicating accompaniment or instrument), 'by' (indicating means or agent), or 'at.' Sometimes it can imply motion into a place, similar to 'into' or 'to,' especially when the context suggests movement towards a location where something then resides.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It is cognate with English 'in'.
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAH-see
Translations: (to) all, (for) all, (to) every, (for) every, (to) the whole, (for) the whole
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all', 'every', or 'the whole'. It is used to indicate totality or universality. As a dative plural form, it typically signifies 'to all' or 'for all', indicating the recipients or beneficiaries of an action.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders
Synonyms: ΑΠΑΣΙ, ΟΛΟΙΣ
G5124
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TOO-toys
Translations: (to) these, (for) these, (with) these, (by) these
Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective meaning 'this' or 'that'. It points to something specific, indicating 'these things' or 'these people'. As a dative case, it often indicates the indirect object of a verb, the recipient of an action, or the means/instrument by which something is done. It can be translated as 'to these', 'for these', 'with these', or 'by these', depending on the context.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
Synonyms: ΟΥ͂ΤΟΙ, ἘΚΕΊΝΟΙΣ
G3754
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OH-tee
Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which
Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ
Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.
G5495
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHEIR
Translations: hand, a hand, power, agency, a means
Notes: This word refers to a hand, but it can also be used metaphorically to signify power, authority, or agency. It often appears in phrases like 'by the hand of' to indicate that something is done through someone's agency or power. It is a feminine noun.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΜΙΣ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰesr- (hand).
G2962
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: koo-REE-oo
Translations: of Lord, of the Lord
Notes: This is a nomina sacra, a scribal abbreviation for ΚΥΡΙΟΥ (Kyriou), which is the genitive form of ΚΥΡΙΟΣ (Kyrios). It means 'of the Lord' or 'of Lord' and is commonly used to refer to God or Jesus in ancient Greek texts. It indicates possession or origin related to the Lord.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΘΕΟΥ
G4160
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-POY-ee-sen
Translations: he made, he did, he performed, he created
Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'ποιέω' (poieō), meaning 'to do' or 'to make'. It describes an action that was completed in the past by a single subject. It can refer to the act of creating something, carrying out a task, or bringing something into existence.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TOW-tah
Translations: these, these things
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'these' or 'these things'. It refers to something previously mentioned or understood from the context, pointing it out specifically. As a pronoun, it stands in place of a noun, while as an adjective, it modifies a noun.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
G1487, G1488
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Verb
Sounds like: AY
Translations: if, whether, that, if indeed, if then, you are, be
Notes: This word has two primary uses in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it functions as a conditional particle meaning 'if', introducing a condition or a question. It can also be the second person singular present indicative active form of the verb 'to be', meaning 'you are' or 'be'. The context of the sentence determines which meaning is intended.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a conjunction); Second Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active (as a verb)
Synonyms: ΕΑΝ, ΕΙΠΕΡ, ΕΣΤΙΝ
Etymology: The conjunction 'εἰ' comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'if' or 'whether'. The verb form 'εἰ' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root for 'to be'.
G3361
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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb
Sounds like: MAY
Translations: not, lest, no, do not
Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.
G5495
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHEI-ree
Translations: to hand, by hand, in hand, with hand, by the hand, in the hand, with the hand
Notes: This word refers to the hand, and in this inflected form, it indicates location or means. It is often used to express 'in the hand,' 'by hand,' or 'with the hand,' signifying possession, control, or the instrument by which an action is performed. For example, 'in the hand of God' or 'by the hand of a prophet'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
G5590
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: Ps-oo-KHEE
Translations: soul, life, mind, heart, a soul, a life
Notes: This word refers to the soul, the animating principle of a human or animal, often considered the seat of emotions, desires, and affections. It can also denote life itself, the individual person, or the mind/inner self. It is used in various contexts to refer to the breath of life, the spiritual part of a human being, or simply one's existence.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΝΕΥΜΑ, ΖΩΗ, ΚΑΡΔΙΑ
Etymology: From the verb ψύχω (psychō), meaning 'to breathe' or 'to blow', referring to the breath as the principle of life. It is related to the concept of breath as the essence of life.
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-tone
Translations: (of) all, (of) every, (of) everyone, (of) everything, (of) the whole
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'πᾶς' (pas), meaning 'all', 'every', or 'the whole'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for a plural group, signifying 'of all' or 'belonging to all'. It can refer to people, things, or concepts, encompassing a complete set or totality.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G2198
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Part of Speech: Participle, Noun
Sounds like: zoh-TON
Translations: of living ones, of those who live, of the living
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the present active participle of the verb 'ζάω' (zaō), meaning 'to live'. It refers to 'those who are living' or 'the living ones'. It is often used to distinguish between the living and the dead, or to refer to all living beings.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΖΩΝΤΩΝ, ΕΜΨΥΧΩΝ
G4151
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PNEV-mah
Translations: Spirit, a Spirit, wind, breath, a breath
Notes: This is a scribal abbreviation (nomina sacra) for the Koine Greek word ΠΝΕΥΜΑ (pneuma). It refers to spirit, wind, or breath. In theological contexts, it often refers to the Holy Spirit. It can also describe a non-physical entity or the vital force within a living being.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΝΕΜΟΣ, ΨΥΧΗ
Etymology: From the Greek word πνέω (pneō), meaning 'to breathe' or 'to blow'.
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-tos
Translations: (of) all, (of) every, (of) whole, (of) each
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the adjective 'ΠΑΣ' (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'. As a genitive form, it indicates possession or relationship, often translated with 'of'. It can refer to a part of a whole, or to the entirety of something. For example, 'of all things' or 'of every person'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G444
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: an-THRO-poo
Translations: (of) man, (of) human, (of) people, (of) mankind
Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΥ. It is the genitive singular form of the noun ἄνθρωπος, which refers to a human being, a person, or mankind in general. It is often used to denote humanity as distinct from God, or to refer to an individual person.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΒΡΟΤΟΣ, ΑΝΗΡ
G3563
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: NOOS
Translations: mind, a mind, understanding, a faculty of understanding, reason, intellect, thought, a thought, purpose, a purpose
Notes: This word refers to the human mind, intellect, or faculty of understanding. It can also denote one's thoughts, purpose, or way of thinking. It is often used to describe the inner capacity for perception, judgment, and moral discernment.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΙΑΝΟΙΑ, ΣΥΝΕΣΙΣ, ΓΝΩΣΙΣ
Etymology: From an unstated root, likely related to the Proto-Indo-European root *sneh₁- meaning 'to think, to perceive'. It refers to the faculty of perception and understanding.
G4487
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: RHE-ma-ta
Translations: words, sayings, things, matters, deeds
Notes: This word refers to spoken or written words, sayings, or utterances. It can also refer to the 'things' or 'matters' that are spoken about, or even the 'deeds' that result from words. It is used broadly to encompass both the linguistic expression and the content or subject matter of that expression.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΛΟΓΟΙ, ΕΠΗ, ΦΩΝΑΙ
G1252
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: dee-ah-KREE-nay
Translations: distinguishes, judges, discerns, separates, decides, makes a distinction
Notes: This word means to separate, distinguish, judge, or discern. It implies making a decision or differentiation between things, people, or ideas. It can also mean to decide or to make a distinction.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΚΡΙΝΩ, ΧΩΡΙΖΩ, ΔΙΑΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ
G2995
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: LAH-roongks
Translations: larynx, throat, a larynx, a throat
Notes: This word refers to the larynx or throat, the part of the neck containing the vocal cords. It is used to describe the anatomical structure involved in speech and swallowing.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΦΑΡΥΓΞ, ΔΕΡΗ
Etymology: The word "larynx" is of Greek origin, derived from the verb λαρυγγίζω (laryngizo), meaning "to shout" or "to croak." It refers to the organ of the voice.
G4621
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: SEE-tah
Translations: grains, wheat, corn
Notes: This word refers to grain, typically wheat, used for food. It is often used in the plural to denote a quantity of grain or a harvest.
Inflection: Nominative or Accusative, Plural, Neuter
Synonyms: ΣΙΤΙΑ, ΣΙΤΕΥΜΑΤΑ
Etymology: The word derives from an ancient root referring to food or sustenance, particularly from cultivated plants.
G1089
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: geh-YOO-teh-eh
Translations: tastes, eats, experiences
Notes: This verb means to taste, to eat, or to partake of something. It can also be used metaphorically to mean to experience or to come to know something through experience. It describes the action of the throat or mouth discerning flavors or consuming food, but can also refer to a deeper, personal encounter with a concept or reality.
Inflection: 3rd Person Singular, Present Tense, Indicative Mood, Middle Voice
Synonyms: ΕΣΘΙΩ, ΠΙΝΩ, ΑΠΤΩ
G4183
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb
Sounds like: pol-LOH
Translations: much, many, great, a great deal, by much, by a great deal, greatly, often, frequently
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the adjective 'much' or 'many'. As an adjective, it describes a large quantity or number. For example, it could mean 'many people' or 'much water'. When used adverbially, it means 'by much' or 'greatly', indicating a significant degree or frequency, such as 'much more' or 'often'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter; or Adverbial Dative
Synonyms: ΠΛΕΙΩΝ, ΙΚΑΝΟΣ, ΜΕΓΑΣ
G5550
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHRO-noh
Translations: (to) time, (in) time, a time, season, period
Notes: This word refers to a period of time, a season, or a specific moment. It is often used to indicate when something occurs, frequently appearing with prepositions like 'ἐν' (in) to denote 'in time' or 'at a certain time'. It can also refer to a duration or an appointed time.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΑΙΡΟΣ, ΑΙΩΝ
Etymology: The word ΧΡΟΝΟΣ (chronos) comes from Proto-Indo-European. It refers to a duration of time, as opposed to καιρός (kairos), which refers to a specific, opportune time.
G0979
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: bee-OH
Translations: live, pass one's life, spend one's life
Notes: This word means to live, to pass one's life, or to spend one's life. It refers to the act of existing and conducting one's life. It is often used to describe the duration or manner of one's existence.
Inflection: First Person Singular, Present Active Subjunctive; or First Person Singular, Present Active Indicative (rare); or a component in compound words related to life.
Synonyms: ΖΑΩ, ΖΩΟΠΟΙΕΩ
Etymology: From the noun βίος (bios), meaning 'life'. The verb βιόω is derived from this noun, indicating the act of living.
G1922
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ep-is-TEE-may
Translations: knowledge, understanding, skill, science, a science
Notes: This word refers to knowledge, understanding, or skill, often implying a systematic or scientific understanding of a subject. It can denote both theoretical knowledge and practical skill or expertise. It is used to describe a deep comprehension of facts or principles, often acquired through study or experience.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Vocative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΓΝΩΣΙΣ, ΣΟΦΙΑ, ΣΥΝΕΣΙΣ
Etymology: From the verb ἐπίσταμαι (epistamai), meaning 'to know, to understand', which is formed from ἐπί (epi, 'upon, over') and ἵστημι (histēmi, 'to stand'). Thus, it literally means 'to stand upon' or 'to be firm in' knowledge.
G3844
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix
Sounds like: pa-RAH
Translations: beside, by, near, from, with, at, along, beyond, against, through, in the presence of, alongside, a
Notes: This word functions primarily as a preposition, indicating proximity, origin, or comparison. It can mean 'beside,' 'from,' 'with,' 'at,' or 'alongside,' depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used as a prefix in compound words, it often conveys ideas of proximity, deviation, or intensity, such as 'alongside,' 'beyond,' 'contrary to,' or 'through.'
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΣΥΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *per- (meaning 'forward, through'). It is cognate with English 'for' and 'through'.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: ow-TOH
Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) them, (for) him, (for) her, (for) it, (for) them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, the same
Notes: This word is a personal pronoun that can also function as an adjective. In its pronominal use, it typically means 'him', 'her', 'it', or 'them', depending on the gender and number. When used intensively, it can mean 'himself', 'herself', 'itself', or 'themselves', emphasizing the subject. As an adjective, it means 'the same'. The form ΑΥΤΩ is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΥΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΑΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a demonstrative pronominal stem. It is a fundamental pronoun in Greek, used across various dialects and periods.
G1411
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: DOO-nah-mees
Translations: power, might, strength, ability, miracle, a power, a miracle
Notes: This word refers to inherent power, ability, or strength, often implying a capacity for action or accomplishment. It can describe physical strength, moral power, or even miraculous power, especially when referring to divine power or acts of God. It is frequently used in the New Testament to denote the supernatural power of God or the Holy Spirit, or the power demonstrated through miracles.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑ, ΙΣΧΥΣ, ΚΡΑΤΟΣ
Etymology: From δύναμαι (dynamai, "to be able, to have power"), which is of uncertain origin.
G1012
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: BOO-lay
Translations: counsel, a counsel, plan, a plan, purpose, a purpose, will, a will, decision, a decision
Notes: This word refers to a counsel, a plan, a purpose, or a decision. It denotes the act of deliberating or the result of such deliberation, often implying a firm intention or resolution. It can be used in contexts referring to human plans or, more profoundly, to the divine will or purpose.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΕΥΜΑ, ΓΝΩΜΗ, ΠΡΟΘΕΣΙΣ
Etymology: From the verb βούλομαι (boulomai), meaning 'to will, wish, or purpose'. It refers to the act or result of willing or planning.
G4907
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: SOON-eh-sis
Translations: understanding, an understanding, intelligence, an intelligence, discernment, a discernment, insight, an insight
Notes: Σύνεσις refers to the faculty of understanding, intelligence, or discernment. It denotes the ability to comprehend, grasp, and interpret information, often implying a practical wisdom or insight into situations. It describes the mental capacity to put things together and make sense of them.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΦΡΟΝΗΣΙΣ, ΣΟΦΙΑ
Etymology: From the verb συνίημι (syniēmi), meaning 'to understand' or 'to bring together', which is a compound of σύν (syn, 'with, together') and ἵημι (hiēmi, 'to send, to put').
G2598
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kah-tah-BAH-lee
Translations: to throw down, to cast down, to overthrow, to lay down, to lay a foundation, to defeat, to bring down
Notes: This verb means to throw or cast something down, often implying a forceful action. It can be used literally, such as to throw down a building or an opponent, or metaphorically, to overthrow a power or to lay a foundation for something. In some contexts, it can mean to defeat or bring someone low.
Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist, Active, Subjunctive
Synonyms: ΡΙΠΤΩ, ΚΑΘΑΙΡΕΩ, ΑΝΑΤΡΕΠΩ
G3618
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: oy-ko-do-MEH-see
Translations: he will build, he will edify, he will restore, he will construct
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to build a house,' 'to construct,' or 'to edify.' In a literal sense, it refers to the physical act of building or rebuilding structures. Metaphorically, it can refer to the act of building up or strengthening someone spiritually or morally, often translated as 'to edify.' It is used in the future tense, indicating an action that will happen.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Future, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΚΤΙΖΩ, ΑΝΟΙΚΟΔΟΜΕΩ, ΣΥΝΟΙΚΟΔΟΜΕΩ
Etymology: The word 'οἰκοδομέω' (oikodomeō) is a compound word derived from 'οἶκος' (oikos), meaning 'house,' and 'δέμω' (demō), meaning 'to build.' Thus, its original meaning is literally 'to build a house.'
G2821
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KLEE-sees
Translations: inclination, a reclining, disposition, turning, leaning
Notes: This word refers to an inclination, a leaning, or a disposition. It can describe the act of reclining, especially at a meal, or a general tendency or bent of mind. In a broader sense, it can denote a turning or a change in direction.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΚΛΙΣΙΣ, ΚΑΤΑΚΛΙΣΙΣ
Etymology: The word ΚΛΙΣΗ (klisis) derives from the verb κλίνω (klinō), meaning 'to lean,' 'to incline,' or 'to bend.' It describes the state or action of leaning or inclining.
G2596
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: KAH-tah
Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along
Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.
G0444
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: an-THROH-pohn
Translations: of men, of humans, of people
Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation (nomina sacra) for the genitive plural form of the Koine Greek word 'ἄνθρωπος' (anthropos), meaning 'man', 'human', or 'person'. It is used to refer to 'of men' or 'of humans' in a general sense. The overline indicates that it is a contracted form of the full word, which would be 'ἀνθρώπων'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΒΡΟΤΟΣ, ΑΝΗΡ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek 'ἀνθρωπος' (anthrōpos), possibly from 'ἀνήρ' (anēr, 'man') and 'ὤψ' (ōps, 'eye, face'), suggesting 'one who has the face of a man'.
G0455
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-NOY-xay
Translations: he will open, she will open, it will open, he opens, she opens, it opens
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'to open'. It describes an action of making something accessible or revealing something. It can refer to literally opening a door or a book, or figuratively opening one's mouth to speak, or opening one's understanding.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Future Indicative, Active Voice OR Third Person, Singular, Present Subjunctive, Active Voice
Synonyms: ΑΝΟΙΓΩ, ΑΝΟΙΓΝΥΜΙ
Etymology: From the prefix ἀνά (aná), meaning 'up' or 'again', and οἴγω (oígō), meaning 'to open'. It signifies the action of opening something fully or completely.
G2967
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: koh-LOO-see
Translations: hindrance, prevention, obstacle, prohibition, a hindrance, a prevention
Notes: This word refers to an act of hindering, preventing, or prohibiting something. It can also refer to the obstacle or impediment itself. It is derived from the verb 'κωλύω' which means 'to hinder' or 'to prevent'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΜΠΟΔΙΟΝ, ΚΩΛΥΜΑ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G5204
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: OO-dor
Translations: water, a water
Notes: This word refers to water, the essential liquid substance. It can be used to denote drinking water, a body of water like a river or sea, or even metaphorically in a spiritual sense. It is a common noun used in various contexts where water is present or implied.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words for water in many other Indo-European languages.
G3583
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: xee-RAH-nee
Translations: dry up, wither, become dry, make dry
Notes: This word describes the process of becoming dry or causing something to dry up. It can refer to plants withering, water evaporating, or land becoming arid. It is often used in a literal sense but can also be used metaphorically.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΑΥΑΙΝΩ, ΑΠΟΞΗΡΑΙΝΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TANE
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.
G1093
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: GAYN
Translations: earth, an earth, land, a land, ground, a ground, country, a country, region, a region
Notes: ΓΗΝ is the accusative singular form of the noun ΓΗ, meaning 'earth', 'land', 'ground', 'country', or 'region'. It is used to indicate the direct object of a verb or the destination of motion, often translated as 'to the earth' or 'into the land' depending on the context and accompanying prepositions. It can refer to the planet, a specific territory, or the soil itself.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΓΕΑ
G1814
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: eh-pa-FEE
Translations: contact, a contact, touch, a touch
Notes: This word refers to the act of touching or coming into close proximity with something or someone. It signifies a physical connection or interaction. In a broader sense, it can also imply a close relationship or communication.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΦΗ, ΨΗΛΑΦΗΣΙΣ
Etymology: Derived from the Greek preposition 'epi' (upon, on) and the verb 'hapto' (to fasten, to touch). It literally means 'a touching upon'.
G0622
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-POH-leh-sen
Translations: he destroyed, she destroyed, it destroyed, he lost, she lost, it lost
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to destroy' or 'to lose'. It describes an action completed in the past by a third-person singular subject (he, she, or it). It can refer to physical destruction, the loss of an object, or even the ruin of a person or concept.
Inflection: Aorist Active Indicative, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: KATALUO, ANATREPO, APOLLEIA
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TEEN
Translations: her, it, this, that
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun, meaning 'her' or 'it' when referring to a feminine noun. It is used in the accusative case, indicating that the feminine noun it refers to is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition. It can also function as an intensive pronoun, meaning 'herself' or 'itself', or as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'this' or 'that'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
G2692
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: kah-tah-STREF-sahs
Translations: having overthrown, having destroyed, having ruined, having subverted, having turned upside down
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'καταστρέφω'. It describes an action that has been completed in the past by the subject. The verb itself is a compound word formed from 'κατά' (down, against) and 'στρέφω' (to turn). Therefore, it literally means 'to turn down' or 'to turn over', leading to meanings like to overthrow, destroy, ruin, or subvert. It is used to indicate that someone has completed the act of destroying or overthrowing something.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ΑΝΑΤΡΕΠΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΥΩ
Etymology: The word 'καταστρέφω' is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'κατά' (meaning 'down' or 'against') and the verb 'στρέφω' (meaning 'to turn'). Its etymology reflects the action of turning something completely over or down, leading to its meaning of overthrowing or destroying.
G2904
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KRAH-toss
Translations: power, strength, might, dominion, rule, a power, a strength
Notes: This word refers to power, strength, or might, often implying a forceful or dominant kind of power. It can also denote dominion or rule, indicating authority or control over something or someone. It is frequently used in contexts describing God's power or the power of a ruler.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΜΙΣ, ΙΣΧΥΣ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑ
Etymology: From a primary verb meaning 'to be strong'. It is related to the idea of physical or inherent strength and ability.
G2479
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: is-KHOOS
Translations: strength, power, might, ability, a strength, a power
Notes: This word refers to inherent strength, power, or might, often implying a physical or moral capacity. It describes the ability to do something or to exert force. It is used to denote the full measure of one's strength or capability.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΜΙΣ, ΚΡΑΤΟΣ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑ
Etymology: The etymology of ΙΣΧΥΣ is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the verb ἴσχω (ischō), meaning 'to hold, restrain, or have power'.
G1219
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: dee-ah-GOHN
Translations: contending, struggling, striving, competing, a contender, a struggler
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'contending' or 'struggling'. It describes someone who is actively engaged in a contest or conflict, whether physical or metaphorical. It can be used to describe someone who is striving to achieve a goal or fighting against an adversary.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Neuter, Present Active Participle
Synonyms: ΑΓΩΝΙΖΟΜΑΙ, ΜΑΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΑΛΑΙΩ
Etymology: The word is a compound of διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'thoroughly', and ἀγωνίζομαι (agonizomai), meaning 'to contend' or 'to struggle'. The root ἀγωνίζομαι comes from ἀγών (agon), meaning 'assembly' or 'contest'.
G1011
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: boo-LEH-tas
Translations: counselors, senators, councilors
Notes: This word refers to members of a council or senate, often those who give advice or make decisions. It is used to describe individuals holding a position of authority or influence in a deliberative body.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΗ, ΓΕΡΟΥΣΙΑΣΤΗΣ
G0005
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ahee-khma-LOH-tooss
Translations: captives, prisoners
Notes: This word refers to individuals who have been taken captive, typically in war, and are held as prisoners. It describes their state of being under the control of an enemy or captor.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΕΣΜΙΟΣ, ΦΥΛΑΚΙΣΜΕΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word is a compound of αἰχμή (aichmē), meaning 'spear-point' or 'spear', and ἁλωτός (halōtos), meaning 'caught' or 'captured'. Thus, it literally means 'captured by the spear'.
G2923
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kree-TAS
Translations: judges, a judge
Notes: This word refers to a judge, an arbiter, or one who makes a decision. It is used to describe individuals who preside over legal cases or who are appointed to make judgments. It can also refer to leaders or rulers who exercise authority and judgment over a people.
Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΔΙΚΑΣΤΗΣ, ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΗΓΕΜΩΝ
Etymology: From the verb κρίνω (krino), meaning 'to judge, decide, or separate'.
G1093
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: GAYS
Translations: (of) earth, (of) land, (of) ground, (of) world, (of) country, (of) region
Notes: This word refers to the earth, land, or ground. It can denote the physical soil, a specific territory or country, or the entire planet. As a genitive form, it indicates possession, origin, or the material from which something is made, often translated with 'of' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΑΓΡΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΓΗ (gē) comes from Proto-Hellenic *gā́, which itself is from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁- ('earth').
G1839
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ex-ES-tay-sen
Translations: he was amazed, he was astonished, he was beside himself, he went out of his mind
Notes: This word describes a state of being utterly amazed, astonished, or even beside oneself, as if one has been taken out of their normal state of mind. It signifies a strong emotional reaction, often to something extraordinary or shocking. It can also imply a loss of self-control or rationality due to overwhelming emotion.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΘΑΥΜΑΖΩ, ΕΚΠΛΗΣΣΩ
Etymology: The word ΕΞΙΣΤΗΜΙ (existēmi) is a compound word formed from the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of', and ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand' or 'to cause to stand'. Thus, it literally means 'to stand out of' or 'to put out of place', which evolved to mean 'to be out of one's mind' or 'to be amazed'.
G2523
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ka-THEE-za-non
Translations: sitting down, causing to sit down, establishing, appointing, settling, dwelling
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'sitting down' or 'causing someone to sit down'. It can also mean to establish, appoint, or settle someone in a position, or to dwell in a place. It describes an ongoing action of seating or being seated.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular
Synonyms: ΚΑΘΗΜΑΙ, ΚΑΘΕΖΟΜΑΙ, ΙΔΡΥΩ
Etymology: From the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down', and the verb ἵζω (hizō), meaning 'to sit'. It literally means 'to sit down'.
G0935
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: bah-see-LAYS
Translations: kings
Notes: This word refers to 'kings' or 'rulers'. It is the plural form of the noun 'king' (βασιλεύς). It is used to denote multiple monarchs or sovereign leaders.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative or Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΡΧΟΝΤΕΣ, ΗΓΕΜΟΝΕΣ
G1909
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: EP-ee
Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, by, for, concerning, during, after, of, a
Notes: This word is a very common preposition and adverb in Koine Greek. As a preposition, its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'on,' 'upon,' 'over,' 'in the time of,' or 'concerning.' With the dative case, it can mean 'on,' 'at,' 'by,' 'for,' or 'in addition to.' With the accusative case, it typically means 'to,' 'against,' 'upon,' 'over,' or 'for the purpose of.' It is also frequently used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'upon,' 'over,' 'to,' or 'in addition.'
Inflection: Governs Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases. Does not inflect itself.
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΥΠΕΡ, ΚΑΤΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.
G2362
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: throh-NOHN
Translations: of thrones
Notes: This word refers to a seat of power or authority, such as a king's chair or a divine seat. It is used to denote positions of high status or dominion. In this form, it indicates possession or origin, meaning 'belonging to thrones' or 'from thrones'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΑ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑ, ΚΥΡΙΟΤΗΣ
G1210, G4026
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: peh-ree-EH-dee-sen
Translations: he bound around, he tied around, he encircled, he wrapped around
Notes: This is a compound verb, formed from the preposition περί (peri), meaning 'around' or 'about,' and the verb δέω (deō), meaning 'to bind' or 'to tie.' Therefore, it means 'to bind around' or 'to tie around.' It describes the action of securing something by wrapping a band or cord around it. It is used to describe someone who has bound or tied something around another object or person.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΔΕΣΜΕΥΩ, ΣΥΝΔΕΩ, ΚΥΚΛΟΩ
G2223
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ZOH-nay
Translations: belt, a belt, girdle, a girdle, purse, a purse
Notes: This word refers to a belt or girdle, typically worn around the waist. It could be used to hold up clothing, or to carry items such as money, in which case it functions as a purse. It is often made of leather or cloth.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΙΑΖΩΜΑ, ΖΩΣΤΗΡ
Etymology: From the verb ζώννυμι (zōnnumi), meaning 'to gird' or 'to equip with a belt'.
G3751
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: oss-FY-as
Translations: of the loins, of the waist, of the hips
Notes: This word refers to the loins, waist, or hips, often in a literal sense of the body part. It can also be used metaphorically to refer to the seat of strength, procreative power, or readiness for action.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΝΩΤΟΝ, ΟΥΡΑ
G1821
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ex-ap-os-TEL-lon
Translations: sending out, dispatching, commissioning, sending forth
Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'exapostello', meaning 'to send out' or 'to dispatch'. It describes an ongoing action of sending someone or something forth, often with a specific purpose or mission. It is a compound word formed from 'ek' (out of), 'apo' (from), and 'stello' (to send).
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Neuter, Singular
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩΝ, ΠΕΜΠΩΝ
G2409
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: hee-EH-ris
Translations: priest, a priest
Notes: This word refers to a priest, a person who performs sacred rites and acts as an intermediary between humans and the divine. In ancient contexts, this could be a priest of any religion, not exclusively Jewish or Christian. It is a feminine form of the noun 'priest'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
G1413
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: doo-NAS-tas
Translations: ruler, a ruler, potentate, a potentate, lord, a lord, prince, a prince
Notes: This word refers to a powerful person, a ruler, or a potentate. It describes someone who holds authority or power, often in a governmental or influential capacity. It can be used to refer to kings, princes, or other high-ranking officials.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΔΥΝΑΣΤΗΣ (dynastēs) comes from the Greek word δύναμαι (dynamai), meaning 'to be able' or 'to have power'. It refers to one who possesses power or authority.
G2692
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kah-teh-STREP-sen
Translations: destroyed, overthrew, ruined, demolished
Notes: This word means to destroy, overthrow, or ruin something completely. It implies a forceful and decisive act of bringing something to an end or causing its collapse. It can be used in contexts of physical destruction, such as tearing down buildings, or in a more figurative sense, like overthrowing a government or ruining a reputation.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ΑΝΑΤΡΕΠΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΥΩ
G1259
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: dee-al-LAS-sone
Translations: reconciling, changing, exchanging, altering
Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb ΔΙΑΛΛΑΣΣΩ, meaning 'to reconcile,' 'to change,' or 'to exchange.' It describes an ongoing action of bringing about reconciliation or making a change. It is a compound word formed from ΔΙΑ (through, apart) and ΑΛΛΑΣΣΩ (to change, to exchange).
Inflection: Present Active Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Neuter, Singular
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΛΛΑΣΣΩ, ΜΕΤΑΒΑΛΛΩ
G5491
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHEI-lay
Translations: lip, a lip, lips, a shore, a bank, a brim
Notes: This word, when written with diacritics as χείλη (cheilē), is the plural form of the noun χεῖλος (cheilos), meaning 'lip'. It can refer to the physical lips of a person or animal. In a broader sense, it can also refer to the 'brim' or 'edge' of a vessel, or the 'shore' or 'bank' of a body of water. The context of the sentence determines the precise meaning.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΧΕΙΛΟΣ
G4103
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pis-TON
Translations: of faithful ones, of believers, of trustworthy ones
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'faithful,' 'trustworthy,' or 'believing.' In this form, it is the genitive plural, indicating possession or relationship, often translated as 'of the faithful' or 'of believers.' It describes a group of people who are characterized by their faith or trustworthiness.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΛΗΘΙΝΩΝ, ΕΥΣΕΒΩΝ
G4907
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: soo-NEH-sin
Translations: understanding, intelligence, discernment, an understanding, an intelligence, a discernment
Notes: This word refers to the faculty of understanding, intelligence, or discernment. It denotes the ability to comprehend, perceive, and make sense of information or situations. It is often used in contexts related to wisdom, insight, and the capacity for sound judgment.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΓΝΩΣΙΣ, ΣΟΦΙΑ, ΦΡΟΝΗΣΙΣ
G4245
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Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective
Sounds like: pres-by-TEH-ron
Translations: of elders, of older men, of presbyters, of older, of older ones
Notes: This word refers to older men, elders, or presbyters. It is often used in a religious or administrative context to denote leaders or respected individuals within a community, such as church elders or members of a council. It can also simply mean 'older' when used as an adjective.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΓΕΡΟΝΤΩΝ, ΠΡΟΕΣΤΩΤΩΝ
G1632
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: ek-KHEH-ohn
Translations: pouring out, spilling, shedding, lavishing, bestowing, emptying, scattering
Notes: This word describes the action of pouring out, spilling, or shedding something, often with the implication of abundance or force. It can be used literally for liquids like water or blood, or metaphorically for emotions, blessings, or even judgment. In the provided context, it is used for 'shedding blood' and 'pouring out dishonor'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Present, Active, Participle
Synonyms: ΕΚΧΥΝΩ, ΕΚΧΕΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: The word ΕΚΧΕΩ is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΕΚ (EK), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb ΧΕΩ (CHEO), meaning 'to pour'. It signifies the action of pouring something out completely or abundantly.
G0819
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-tee-MEE-ahn
Translations: dishonor, disgrace, shame, indignity, a dishonor, a disgrace
Notes: This word refers to a state of dishonor, disgrace, or shame. It is often used in contrast to 'honor' (τιμή) and describes a lack of respect or a condition of being held in low esteem. It can also refer to the act of bringing dishonor upon someone or something.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΙΣΧΥΝΗ, ΑΤΙΜΩΣΙΣ
Etymology: The word 'ατιμία' (atimia) is derived from the Greek prefix 'α-' (a-), meaning 'not' or 'without', and 'τιμή' (timē), meaning 'honor' or 'value'. Thus, it literally means 'without honor' or 'lack of honor'.
G1909
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: ep-EE
Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, by, in, for, in addition to, besides, after, during, when, because of, concerning
Notes: This word is a common Koine Greek preposition that can also function as an adverb or a prefix. Its meaning is highly dependent on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'on, upon, over' (of place or time), 'in the time of', or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'on, upon, at' (of place), 'in addition to', 'for the purpose of', or 'because of'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'on, upon, to' (indicating motion towards), 'against', 'over' (of authority), or 'for' (of purpose). As a prefix, it generally adds the meaning of 'upon', 'over', 'to', or 'in addition'.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΠΑΡΑ, ΥΠΕΡ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.
G0758
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: AR-khon-tas
Translations: rulers, leaders, princes, chief officials, magistrates
Notes: This word refers to those in positions of authority or power, such as rulers, leaders, or magistrates. It is used to describe individuals who hold a prominent or governing role within a community or system. In the provided context, it appears to refer to people who are in a state or condition, or who are present, rather than specifically 'rulers'. However, the primary meaning of the root word is 'ruler'. Given the context, it seems to be a participle of the verb 'υπάρχω' (to be, to exist, to be present), which would be 'υπάρχοντας'. If it is indeed 'ΑΡΧΟΝΤΑΣ' as a standalone word, it would mean 'rulers'. However, the example usage strongly suggests it's part of 'ΥΠΑΡΧΟΝΤΑΣ', which is a present active participle, accusative plural, meaning 'being' or 'existing'. If the input 'ΑΡΧΟΝΤΑΣ' is a typo for 'ΥΠΑΡΧΟΝΤΑΣ', then it means 'those who are' or 'being'. If it is truly 'ΑΡΧΟΝΤΑΣ', it means 'rulers'. Given the context, it is highly probable that 'ΑΡΧΟΝΤΑΣ' is a misspelling or a fragment of 'ΥΠΑΡΧΟΝΤΑΣ'.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine (if from ΑΡΧΩΝ); or Present Active Participle, Accusative, Plural, Masculine/Feminine/Neuter (if from ΥΠΑΡΧΩ)
Synonyms: ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑΣΤΗΣ
G5011
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: tah-pee-NOOS
Translations: humble, lowly, abased, poor, insignificant
Notes: This word describes someone or something as humble, lowly, or abased. It can refer to a person's character, indicating humility, or to their social status, implying a low or insignificant position. It is often used to contrast with pride or high status.
Inflection: Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΤΩΧΟΣ, ΕΛΑΧΙΣΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word 'ταπεινός' (tapeinos) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to 'τάπης' (tapes), meaning 'carpet' or 'rug', suggesting something low to the ground. It describes a state of being low, either physically or in status/spirit.
G2390
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ee-AH-sah-toh
Translations: healed, cured, restored, made whole
Notes: This word is an aorist middle indicative form of the verb 'iaomai', meaning 'to heal' or 'to cure'. It describes an action that was completed in the past, where the subject performed the healing action upon themselves or for their own benefit, or simply experienced the healing. It is often used in the context of physical or spiritual restoration.
Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist, Middle Voice, Indicative Mood
Synonyms: ΘΕΡΑΠΕΥΩ, ΣΩΖΩ
G0343
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-nah-ka-LYP-ton
Translations: uncovering, revealing, disclosing, bringing to light
Notes: This word describes the action of uncovering, revealing, or disclosing something that was previously hidden or unknown. It implies bringing something into the open or making it manifest. It is often used in contexts where truth or knowledge is being revealed.
Inflection: Present Active Participle, Nominative Masculine Singular
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΚΑΛΥΠΤΩΝ, ΦΑΝΕΡΩΝ, ΔΗΛΩΝ
G0901
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: bah-THEH-ah
Translations: deep things, depths, profound things, hidden things
Notes: This word describes things that are deep, profound, or hidden. It is often used to refer to concepts or knowledge that are not easily accessible or understood, such as the 'deep things of God' or 'hidden truths'. It can also refer to physical depths.
Inflection: Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative; Neuter; Plural
Synonyms: ΒΑΘΟΣ, ΒΥΘΟΣ, ΑΠΟΚΡΥΦΑ
G1537
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EK
Translations: out of, from, of, by, among, with
Notes: This word is a preposition that typically governs the genitive case. It denotes origin, source, or separation, indicating movement 'out of' or 'from' a place, time, or cause. It can also signify the material from which something is made, the agent by whom something is done, or the reason for an action. For example, it can mean 'out of the house' or 'from that day'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΠΟ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *eǵʰs, meaning 'out'. It is cognate with Latin ex- and English out.
G4655
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: SKO-toos
Translations: of darkness, of gloom
Notes: This word refers to darkness, both literal and metaphorical. It can describe the absence of light, or figuratively, a state of ignorance, moral depravity, or spiritual blindness. It is often used in contexts describing the night, shadows, or a lack of understanding.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΓΝΟΦΟΣ, ΖΟΦΟΣ
G1806
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ex-AY-gah-gen
Translations: he led out, he brought out, he led forth, he brought forth
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to lead out' or 'to bring out'. It describes the action of guiding or taking someone or something from one place to another, typically from an enclosed space or a state of confinement into an open or free area. It is often used in contexts of liberation or departure.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΑΠΑΓΩ, ΕΚΦΕΡΩ, ΕΚΒΑΛΛΩ
Etymology: The word ἐξάγω (exagō) is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb ἄγω (agō), meaning 'to lead' or 'to bring'.
G5457
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: FOHSS
Translations: light, a light, fire
Notes: This word refers to light, whether literal illumination, or metaphorically, as in truth, knowledge, or spiritual enlightenment. It can also refer to a source of light, like a lamp or a star, or even fire. It is often used in contrast to darkness.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΦΕΓΓΟΣ, ΛΥΧΝΟΣ, ΠΥΡ
Etymology: From an ancient root meaning 'to shine' or 'to be bright'.
G4639
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: skee-AHN
Translations: shadow, a shadow
Notes: This word refers to a shadow, which is an area of darkness created when light is blocked by an object. It can also refer to shade, a place protected from the sun. In a broader sense, it can denote something unsubstantial or fleeting, like a mere outline or a faint resemblance. It is used in sentences to describe the physical phenomenon of a shadow or to metaphorically represent something insubstantial.
Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Feminine
G2288
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THAH-nah-TOO
Translations: (of) death, (of) a death
Notes: This word refers to the state of being dead, the cessation of life, or the end of existence. It is often used to describe physical death, but can also refer to spiritual death or separation. In a sentence, it would typically indicate possession or origin, such as 'the power of death' or 'delivered from death'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΔΗΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to die'.
G4105
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: plah-NOHN
Translations: wandering, deceiving, leading astray, a wanderer, a deceiver
Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'πλανάω' (planaō). It describes someone or something that is actively wandering, straying, or leading others astray. It can also refer to a person who is a wanderer or a deceiver. It implies a deviation from the correct path or truth, either physically or morally.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine/Neuter, Genitive Plural; or Masculine/Neuter, Nominative/Accusative Singular
Synonyms: ΑΠΑΤΑΩ, ΠΛΑΝΟΣ, ΠΛΑΝΗ
Etymology: The word 'πλανάω' (planaō) comes from 'πλάνη' (planē), meaning 'a wandering' or 'error'.
G1484
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ETH-nay
Translations: nations, Gentiles, peoples
Notes: This word refers to groups of people, often distinct from a specific nation or group. In a biblical context, especially in the New Testament, it frequently refers to the 'Gentiles' or 'nations' as distinct from Israel. It can also simply mean 'peoples' or 'tribes'.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΛΑΟΙ, ΦΥΛΑΙ
G0623
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Part of Speech: Participle, Proper Noun
Sounds like: ah-pol-LOO-ohn
Translations: destroying, destroyer, Apollyon
Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'ΑΠΟΛΛΥΜΙ' (APOLLUMI), meaning 'to destroy' or 'to perish'. As a participle, it means 'destroying' or 'one who destroys'. In the New Testament, particularly in Revelation 9:11, it is used as a proper noun, 'Apollyon', referring to the angel of the Abyss, who is also called 'Abaddon' in Hebrew. In this context, it personifies destruction.
Inflection: Present Active Participle, Nominative Singular, Masculine. Also used as a Proper Noun.
Synonyms: ΟΛΕΘΡΕΥΤΗΣ, ΦΘΟΡΕΥΣ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: OW-tah
Translations: these things, them, they, it, themselves
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun, specifically the neuter plural form. It can function as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'these things' or 'them' (referring to neuter plural nouns), or as an intensive pronoun meaning 'themselves' or 'it' (when emphasizing a neuter plural subject or object). It can be used in both the nominative and accusative cases.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΥΤΟΙ, ΕΚΕΙΝΑ
G2693
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: kah-tah-STROH-noo-ohn
Translations: strewing over, spreading over, covering, laying low, overthrowing, destroying
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'strewing over' or 'laying low'. It describes an action that is currently happening or ongoing. It can be used to describe someone or something that is in the process of covering, spreading, or bringing down another entity.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Present, Active, Participle
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΒΑΛΛΩΝ, ΚΑΤΑΛΥΩΝ
G2526
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Part of Speech: Participle, Verb
Sounds like: kah-thoh-day-GOHN
Translations: guiding, leading, directing, a guide, one who guides
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'guiding' or 'leading the way'. It describes someone who is actively providing direction or guidance. It can function adjectivally, describing a noun (e.g., 'the guiding person'), or adverbially, describing an action (e.g., 'guiding them'). It is a compound word formed from κατά (down, according to), ὁδός (way, road), and ἡγέομαι (to lead).
Inflection: Present Active Participle, Masculine or Neuter, Nominative or Accusative Singular
Synonyms: ΟΔΗΓΩΝ, ΗΓΟΥΜΕΝΟΣ, ΠΡΟΗΓΟΥΜΕΝΟΣ
Etymology: The root verb καθοδηγέω is a compound of κατά (kata, 'down' or 'according to'), ὁδός (hodos, 'way' or 'road'), and ἡγέομαι (hegeomai, 'to lead'). Thus, it literally means 'to lead down a way' or 'to lead along a way'.
G1259
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: dee-al-LAS-son
Translations: to reconcile, to be reconciled, to change, to differ, to vary
Notes: This word describes the act of changing from one state to another, often implying a change in relationship, such as reconciling with someone. It can also refer to things differing or varying from each other. In the provided examples, it is used to describe mountains differing from each other and plans varying.
Inflection: Present Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter, Singular; or Present Participle, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine, Plural
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΛΛΑΣΣΩ, ΑΛΛΑΣΣΩ
G2588
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kar-DEE-as
Translations: of heart, of a heart, of mind, of soul, of inner self, of conscience, of courage, of will
Notes: This word refers to the physical heart, but more commonly in Koine Greek, it signifies the center of one's being, including thoughts, emotions, will, and conscience. It is often used to denote the inner person, the seat of spiritual and moral life. For example, it can refer to the core of one's beliefs or the source of one's intentions.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΨΥΧΗ, ΝΟΥΣ, ΠΝΕΥΜΑ
G758
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: AR-khon-TON
Translations: of rulers, of princes, of chiefs, of officials, of magistrates
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the noun 'ΑΡΧΩΝ' (archon), which refers to a ruler, prince, chief, or official. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship, often translated with 'of' in English. For example, it could refer to 'the authority of the rulers' or 'the house of the chief'.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΗΓΕΜΟΝΩΝ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑΣΤΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΩΝ
G4105
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-PLA-nee-sen
Translations: he deceived, he led astray, he caused to wander, he erred, he went astray
Notes: This word describes the action of causing someone or something to wander, go astray, or be deceived. It can refer to physical wandering or, more commonly, to spiritual or moral deviation from the truth. It implies leading someone into error or causing them to be mistaken. The form 'eplanēsen' indicates a past action completed by a single male subject.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΑΠΑΤΑΩ, ΠΛΑΝΩ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOOS
Translations: them, themselves, him, it, the same
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the pronoun 'ΑΥΤΟΣ' (autos). In this specific form, it is used to mean 'them' or 'themselves' when referring to masculine plural nouns in the accusative case. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', 'itself', or 'the same' depending on the context and agreement with the noun it modifies. When used as a personal pronoun, it often refers back to a previously mentioned noun.
Inflection: Accusative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΥΣ, ΣΦΑΣ
G2234
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: hay-DEE-san
Translations: they made sweet, they sweetened, they made pleasant
Notes: This word is the third person plural aorist active indicative form of the verb 'ηδύνω' (hedyno), meaning 'to make sweet' or 'to make pleasant'. It describes an action completed in the past by a group of people, indicating that they caused something to become sweet or pleasant.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Etymology: The root 'ηδύς' (hedys) means 'sweet' or 'pleasant'. The verb 'ηδύνω' is derived from this adjective, indicating the act of making something sweet or pleasant.
G3598
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: oh-DOH
Translations: to a way, to a road, to a journey, to a path, to a course, to a manner, to a way of life, to a custom, to a means, to a method, to a direction, to a journey, to a travel, to a passage, to a street, to a highway, to a route, to a track, to a trail
Notes: This word refers to a way, road, or path, and can also metaphorically mean a journey, course of action, or manner of life. It is used to indicate movement along a physical route or to describe a particular custom or method. In this dative form, it often indicates the recipient or direction of an action, or the means by which something is done.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΤΡΙΒΟΣ, ΚΕΛΕΥΘΟΣ, ΠΟΡΕΙΑ
G5584
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: psay-lah-FEE-sahy-san
Translations: having touched, having felt, having groped, having handled
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'psēlapháō', meaning to touch, feel, or grope. As a participle, it describes an action that has been completed, often functioning like an adjective or adverb to modify another part of the sentence. In this specific form, it indicates a group of feminine subjects who have performed the action of touching or groping.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Feminine, Nominative or Accusative, Plural
Synonyms: ΑΠΤΟΜΑΙ, ΕΦΑΠΤΟΜΑΙ
G4655
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: SKO-tos
Translations: darkness, gloom, a darkness
Notes: This word refers to darkness, either literal absence of light or metaphorical darkness, such as spiritual or moral obscurity, ignorance, or a state of wickedness. It can be used to describe a physical condition or a spiritual one.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΖΟΦΟΣ, ΣΚΟΤΙΑ
Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'shadow' or 'darkness'.
G4105
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: plah-nee-THEE-san
Translations: they were led astray, they were deceived, they wandered, they strayed
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'πλανάω' (planao), meaning 'to lead astray,' 'to deceive,' 'to wander,' or 'to stray.' It describes an action where individuals are caused to err or go off course, either literally or figuratively, often implying deception or a loss of direction. The form indicates that the action was performed by a group of people in the past.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person Plural
Synonyms: ΑΠΑΤΑΩ, ΠΛΑΝΩΜΑΙ, ΠΛΑΝΗ
G5618
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction
Sounds like: OH-sper
Translations: just as, as, even as, like, in the same way as
Notes: This word functions as a comparative adverb or conjunction, meaning 'just as' or 'even as'. It is used to introduce a clause that draws a comparison or analogy, indicating that something is happening or is true in the same manner or degree as something else. It emphasizes the similarity between two things or actions.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΑΠΕΡ
Etymology: From the adverb ὡς (hōs, "as") and the particle περ (per, "indeed, very"), emphasizing the comparison.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter
Sounds like: OH
Translations: the, who, which, O
Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)
Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.
G3184
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Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective
Sounds like: meh-THOO-ohn
Translations: drunk, being drunk, drunken, a drunkard
Notes: This word describes someone who is in a state of intoxication from drinking alcohol. It is a participle, meaning it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing the state or action of being drunk. It can be used to describe a person who is currently drunk or someone who is habitually a drunkard.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΙΝΟΦΛΥΞ, ΜΕΘΥΣΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΜΕΘΥΩ comes from μέθυ (methy), meaning 'wine'.
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