2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G1096

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: geh-no-MEH-nays

Translations: (of) having become, (of) having happened, (of) being, (of) coming into existence, (of) being born, (of) being made

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become,' 'to happen,' 'to come into existence,' or 'to be made.' As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is in the process of occurring, often functioning like a verbal adjective or an adverbial clause. In this form, it indicates a feminine singular genitive relationship, often translated as 'of having become' or 'when it became' in a genitive absolute construction.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine, Aorist Middle Participle

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΕΣΘΑΙ, ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΟΝ

G4824

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: soom-boo-LEE-on

Translations: council, counsel, plan, advice, a council, a plan, an advice

Notes: This word refers to a meeting or assembly for consultation, a council, or the advice or plan that results from such a meeting. It is a compound word formed from σύν (syn, meaning 'with' or 'together') and βουλή (boulē, meaning 'will' or 'counsel'). It can be used to describe a formal body of people meeting to make decisions or give advice, or the act of taking counsel itself.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΗ, ΣΥΝΕΔΡΙΟΝ

Etymology: The word ΣΥΜΒΟΥΛΙΟΝ is derived from the verb συμβουλεύω (symbouleuō, 'to consult, advise'), which itself comes from the prefix σύν (syn, 'with, together') and the noun βουλή (boulē, 'will, counsel, plan').

G2983

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-LAH-bon

Translations: I took, they took, I received, they received, I seized, they seized

Notes: This word is the aorist active indicative form of the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take', 'to receive', or 'to seize'. The ending '-ον' indicates that it can be either the first person singular ('I took/received/seized') or the third person plural ('they took/received/seized'). The aorist tense describes a simple, completed action in the past, without emphasis on its duration or repetition. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'they took the book' or 'I received the message'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular or 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΙΡΕΩ

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G0749

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ar-khee-eh-REIS

Translations: high priest, chief priest, a high priest, chief priests

Notes: This is a compound word meaning 'high priest' or 'chief priest'. It refers to the head of the priestly order, particularly the chief religious official in ancient Israel. In the plural, 'chief priests' often refers to the leading members of the priestly class, including the current high priest, former high priests, and heads of the priestly families. It is used to denote those with significant religious authority.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative or Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΙΕΡΕΥΣ, ΠΡΕΣΒΥΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word is a compound of two Greek words: 'ἀρχι-' (archi-), meaning 'chief' or 'first', and 'ἱερεύς' (hiereus), meaning 'priest'. It literally means 'chief priest'.

G2532

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

G5620

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: HOH-steh

Translations: so that, in order that, consequently, therefore, with the result that

Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause of result or purpose. It indicates that what follows is a consequence or the intended outcome of what was previously stated. It can also introduce an infinitive clause to express result.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΔΙΟ

Etymology: From the adverb ὡς (hōs), meaning 'as' or 'how', combined with the particle τε (te), meaning 'and' or 'also'. It developed to express result or consequence.

G1210

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: DAY-san-tes

Translations: having bound, binding, when they bound, those who bound

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'δέω' (deō), meaning 'to bind' or 'to tie'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred or is occurring in relation to the main verb of the sentence. It indicates that the subject of the participle has performed the action of binding.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΔΕΩ, ΚΑΤΑΔΕΩ

Etymology: The word 'δέω' (deō) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to tie' or 'to bind'. It is related to various words across Indo-European languages with similar meanings.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: par-EH-doh-kahn

Translations: they delivered, they handed over, they betrayed, they committed, they entrusted

Notes: This is a compound verb meaning 'to hand over', 'to deliver', 'to entrust', or 'to betray'. It describes the action of giving something or someone into the power or care of another. It can be used in various contexts, such as delivering a message, handing over a prisoner, or betraying someone to an enemy.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΕΠΙΔΙΔΩΜΙ

G2232

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: hay-geh-mo-NEE

Translations: leadership, rule, authority, sovereignty, a leadership, a rule, an authority, a sovereignty

Notes: This word refers to the act or state of leading, ruling, or having authority. It denotes a position of command or governance. It is used to describe the exercise of power or dominion over others.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΗ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑ, ΚΥΡΙΟΤΗΣ

Etymology: From the Greek word ΗΓΕΜΩΝ (hegemon), meaning 'leader' or 'commander'. It describes the state or quality of being a leader.

G5119

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: TOH-teh

Translations: then, at that time, at that moment, thereupon, therefore

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'then' or 'at that time'. It is used to indicate a point in time, often referring to a past or future event that follows another. It can also be used to introduce a consequence or result, similar to 'therefore' or 'in that case'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΕΙΤΑ, ΕΙΤΑ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The word ΤΟΤΕ is a primary adverb, meaning it is not derived from another word in Greek. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun 'το' (this/that).

G2448

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-oo-DAHS

Translations: Judas, Judah

Notes: This is a proper noun referring to a person or a geographical region. In the New Testament, it most commonly refers to Judas Iscariot, one of the twelve apostles who betrayed Jesus, or to Judas, the brother of Jesus. It can also refer to the tribe of Judah or the kingdom of Judah in the Old Testament context. It is used as a subject or object in sentences.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative

Etymology: From Hebrew יְהוּדָה (Yehudah), meaning 'praised'. It refers to the fourth son of Jacob and Leah, and subsequently to the tribe and kingdom descended from him.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: pah-rah-dee-DOOS

Translations: handing over, delivering, giving up, betraying, committing, entrusting, transmitting

Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'paradidomi'. It describes the action of 'handing over' or 'delivering' something or someone. Depending on the context, it can mean to deliver into custody, to give up, to betray, to commit or entrust something to someone, or to transmit traditions or teachings. It implies a transfer of responsibility, possession, or information.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Present, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΕΓΧΕΙΡΙΖΩ

G3754

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G2632

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tek-REE-thay

Translations: he was condemned, it was condemned, she was condemned

Notes: This word means 'he/she/it was condemned' or 'he/she/it was judged worthy of punishment'. It describes an action where someone or something was found guilty and sentenced, often to a negative outcome. It is a compound word formed from 'κατά' (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and 'κρίνω' (krinō), meaning 'to judge'.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Passive

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΔΙΚΑΣΘΗ, ΚΑΤΕΓΝΩΣΘΗ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΑΚΡΙΝΩ is derived from the prefix κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb κρίνω (krinō), meaning 'to judge' or 'to decide'. It implies a judgment that goes 'down' against someone, leading to condemnation.

G3338

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: meh-tah-meh-lee-THEIS

Translations: repenting, having regretted, having changed one's mind, having felt remorse

Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle of the verb 'metamelomai', meaning to feel regret, remorse, or to change one's mind. It describes an action of repenting or regretting that has already occurred. It is often used to describe someone who has had a change of heart or has come to regret a past action.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΜΕΤΑΝΟΕΩ, ΜΕΤΑΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G5144

Part of Speech: Numeral

Sounds like: tree-AH-kon-tah

Translations: thirty

Notes: This word means 'thirty' and is used to denote the number 30. It functions as an indeclinable numeral, meaning its form does not change regardless of the gender, case, or number of the noun it modifies. It is typically used to quantify nouns, indicating a quantity of thirty units.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: From τρεῖς (treis, “three”) and a suffix related to -κοντα (-konta, “-ty”), indicating multiples of ten. It is cognate with Latin triginta and English thirty.

G0749

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ar-khee-eh-REH-soo-sin

Translations: to high priests, for high priests

Notes: This word refers to high priests, who were the chief religious officials in ancient Judaism. It is a compound word formed from 'archon' (ruler, chief) and 'hiereus' (priest), literally meaning 'chief priest'. It is used here in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΙΕΡΕΥΣ, ΠΡΕΣΒΥΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΡΧΙΕΡΕΎΣ (ARCHIEREUS) is a compound of two Greek words: ἀρχή (archē), meaning 'beginning, rule, authority', and ἱερεύς (hiereus), meaning 'priest'. It refers to the chief or head priest.

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: leh-GOHN

Translations: saying, speaking, telling

Notes: ΛΕΓΩΝ is the present active participle of the verb λέγω (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is commonly used to introduce direct or indirect speech, functioning similarly to 'saying' or 'speaking' in English. For example, it might be translated as 'he came saying...' or 'they decreed, speaking...'. It describes an ongoing action of speaking or declaring.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΛΑΛΩΝ, ΦΩΝΩΝ, ΕΡΩΝ

Etymology: The word λέγω (legō) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to collect, gather, pick out'. In Greek, it evolved to mean 'to speak' or 'to say', perhaps from the idea of 'picking out words'.

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: pa-ra-DOOS

Translations: having delivered, having handed over, having given up, having betrayed, having committed, having entrusted

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'παραδίδωμι' (paradidōmi), meaning 'to hand over,' 'to deliver,' 'to give up,' or 'to betray.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. It often indicates the agent who performed the action of handing over or delivering something, or the state of having done so. For example, it can be used to describe someone who has delivered a message, handed over a prisoner, or betrayed a trust.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Active

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΕΠΙΔΙΔΩΜΙ

G0121

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-THOH-on

Translations: innocent, guiltless, unpunished, an innocent thing, a guiltless thing

Notes: This word describes someone or something that is free from guilt or blame, or that has not been punished for a wrongdoing. It is used to indicate a state of blamelessness or freedom from penalty. For example, one might speak of an 'innocent person' or 'innocent blood'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ἈΝΑΙΤΙΟΣ, ἈΝΕΓΚΛΗΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word is derived from the prefix 'α-' (a-), meaning 'not' or 'without', and 'θωός' (thōos), which is related to 'θωή' (thōē), meaning 'penalty' or 'punishment'. Thus, it literally means 'without penalty' or 'unpunished'.

G2036

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EYE-pon

Translations: I said, I spoke, he said, he spoke, they said, they spoke, to say, to speak

Notes: ΕἸΠΟΝ is an aorist form of the verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is often used as the aorist tense of the verb λέγω (legō). It describes an action that occurred in the past, without specifying its duration or completion. It can be translated as 'I said', 'he said', or 'they said' depending on the context and the implied subject, as the form itself is ambiguous regarding person and number (it can be 1st singular, 3rd singular, or 3rd plural). It is commonly used to introduce direct or indirect speech.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular or 3rd Person Singular or 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΦΗΜΙ, ΛΑΛΕΩ

G5101

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE

Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing

Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.

G4314

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G3700

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: OP-see

Translations: you will see, you shall see

Notes: This word is a form of the verb meaning 'to see' or 'to look'. Specifically, it is the second person singular future indicative middle voice of the verb. It is used to express that 'you' (singular) will perform the action of seeing in the future. It can refer to physical sight or to understanding and perceiving something.

Inflection: Second Person, Singular, Future, Indicative, Middle Voice

Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ

Etymology: The root verb ὉΡΑΩ (horao) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to see'. The future forms like ὈΨΗ are often derived from the aorist stem ὈΠ- (op-), which is related to the eye and sight.

G4496

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: RIP-sas

Translations: you threw, you cast, having thrown, having cast, throwing, casting

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'ῥίπτω' (rhiptō), meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast'. 'ΡΙΨΑΣ' can function as an aorist active indicative verb, meaning 'you threw' or 'you cast' (referring to a singular 'you' and a completed action in the past). It can also function as an aorist active participle, meaning 'having thrown' or 'having cast', describing someone who has performed the action of throwing or casting. As a participle, it can modify a noun or pronoun, indicating an action completed prior to the main verb.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 2nd Person Singular OR Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Nominative Singular OR Aorist, Active, Participle, Neuter, Accusative Singular

Synonyms: ΒΑΛΛΩ, ΕΚΒΑΛΛΩ, ΚΑΤΑΒΑΛΛΩ

G1519

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G0402

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: an-ekh-OH-ray-sen

Translations: withdrew, departed, went away, retired, returned

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'back', and the verb χωρέω (chōreō), meaning 'to make room, go, proceed'. Together, it means to withdraw, depart, or go back from a place or person. It is often used to describe someone leaving a location, either to retreat, to go to a private place, or simply to move away.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ἘΚΧΩΡΕΩ, ὙΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ

Etymology: The word ἀναχωρέω is a compound of ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'back', and χωρέω (chōreō), meaning 'to make room, go, proceed'. The root χωρέω comes from χῶρος (chōros), meaning 'space' or 'place'.

G0565

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ap-el-THOHN

Translations: having gone away, having departed, having gone, having left

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'aperchomai', meaning 'to go away' or 'to depart'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is completed, often functioning adverbially to modify the main verb in a sentence. It indicates that the subject has performed the action of going away before or concurrently with the action of the main verb.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΞΕΛΘΩΝ, ΥΠΑΓΩΝ

G2983

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: lah-BON-tes

Translations: taking, having taken, receiving, having received, seizing, having seized

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle of the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred or is completed. It often conveys the sense of 'having taken' or 'having received' and can be used to introduce a subordinate clause, indicating the circumstances or cause of the main action. For example, 'having taken the letter, they did not hurry'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ, ΑΙΡΕΩ

G2036

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: AY-pahn

Translations: they said, they spoke

Notes: This word is the third person plural aorist active indicative form of the verb 'εἶπον' (eîpon), which functions as the aorist tense for 'λέγω' (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It describes a completed action in the past, indicating that a group of people 'said' or 'spoke' something. It is used to report direct speech or to state what was communicated by multiple individuals.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΛΑΛΗΣΑΝ, ΕΦΑΣΑΝ

G3756

Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΉ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.

G0906

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: bah-LEIN

Translations: to throw, to cast, to put, to lay, to place

Notes: ΒΑΛΕΙΝ is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb ΒΑΛΛΩ. It means 'to throw,' 'to cast,' 'to put,' or 'to place.' It describes the action of causing something to move through the air or to be set down in a particular location. It can be used in various contexts, such as throwing a stone, casting a net, or putting something into a container.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΡΙΠΤΩ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΕΚΒΑΛΛΩ

Etymology: The word ΒΑΛΛΩ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to throw' or 'to strike.' It has cognates in various Indo-European languages.

G2878

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kor-ba-NAN

Translations: Corban, treasury, an offering, a gift

Notes: This word refers to a sacred treasury or a gift dedicated to God, particularly in the context of the Temple in Jerusalem. It is a Hebrew word transliterated into Greek, signifying something consecrated or devoted to God, and thus set apart from common use. It is often used to refer to the Temple treasury where such gifts were kept.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΔΩΡΟΝ, ΑΝΑΘΗΜΑ

Etymology: The word is a transliteration of the Hebrew word 'qorbān' (קָרְבָּן), which means 'an offering' or 'a gift'. It is derived from the Hebrew root 'qarab' (קָרַב), meaning 'to draw near' or 'to present'.

G1893

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEI

Translations: since, because, for, when, after, inasmuch as

Notes: This word functions as a conjunction or adverb, introducing a clause that provides a reason, cause, or time. As a conjunction, it can mean 'since' or 'because' when indicating a cause, or 'when' or 'after' when indicating time. As an adverb, it can mean 'for' or 'inasmuch as'. It often introduces a dependent clause that explains the main clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΚΑΘΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙΔΗ

Etymology: From the preposition ἐπί (epi, 'upon, on') and the particle εἰ (ei, 'if'). It originally meant 'upon the condition that' or 'when'.

G5092

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: TEE-may

Translations: honor, a price, value, respect, a sum, esteem, dignity

Notes: This word refers to honor, respect, or esteem, often implying a high regard for someone or something. It can also denote a monetary value or price, indicating the worth of an item or a sum paid. It is used in sentences to describe the value or respect attributed to a person, object, or action.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΟΞΑ, ΑΞΙΑ, ΚΕΡΔΟΣ

Etymology: This word comes from an ancient root meaning 'to value' or 'to estimate'. It is related to the verb τιμάω (timaō), meaning 'to honor' or 'to value'.

G0129

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: AI-mah-tos

Translations: of blood

Notes: This word refers to blood, the fluid that circulates in the vascular system of humans and other vertebrates. In Koine Greek, it is often used literally to refer to physical blood, but can also be used metaphorically to denote lineage, sacrifice, or violent death. As a genitive form, it typically indicates possession, origin, or material, often translated as 'of blood'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Etymology: The word ΑΙΜΑ (haima) comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient Greek word that has maintained its core meaning of 'blood' throughout its history.

G1352

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: DEE-oh

Translations: therefore, wherefore, for this reason, on account of which

Notes: This is a compound conjunction formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'on account of', and the relative pronoun ὅ (ho), meaning 'which'. It is used to introduce a consequence or conclusion, indicating that what follows is a result of what has just been stated. It functions similarly to 'therefore' or 'for this reason' in English.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΑ ΤΟΥΤΟ, ΟΥΝ, ΑΡΑ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'on account of', and the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅ (ho), meaning 'which'.

G1546

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ek-lay-THEE

Translations: he was called, she was called, it was called, he was summoned, she was summoned, it was summoned

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to be called' or 'to be summoned'. It is the passive voice of the verb 'to call out' or 'to summon'. It describes an action where someone or something is the recipient of a calling or summoning. For example, 'he was called' to a meeting, or 'it was called' by a certain name.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΕΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΑΛΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΚΚΑΛΕΩ is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΕΚ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb ΚΑΛΕΩ (kaleō), meaning 'to call'.

G1565

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: eh-KAY-nos

Translations: that, that one, he, she, it, those, they

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective meaning 'that' or 'that one'. As a pronoun, it refers to a person or thing previously mentioned or understood from context, often emphasizing distance or distinction from the speaker or listener. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, indicating 'that' specific noun. It is used to point out something or someone 'over there' or 'the one previously mentioned', contrasting with 'this' (οὗτος).

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: From ἐκεῖ (ekeî, 'there'). It refers to something or someone at a distance, contrasting with οὗτος (hoûtos, 'this one, here').

G2193

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: EH-ohs

Translations: until, while, as long as, up to, even to, as far as

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a point in time or extent in space. It is commonly translated as 'until' or 'as long as' when referring to time, and 'up to' or 'as far as' when referring to space. It can also mean 'while' or 'during the time that', often introducing a temporal clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΕΧΡΙ, ΑΧΡΙ, ΠΡΙΝ

Etymology: From a prolonged form of a primary particle. It is an ancient Greek word with a long history of use in temporal and spatial contexts.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G4137

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-lay-ROH-thay

Translations: was fulfilled, was completed, was filled, was accomplished, was made full

Notes: This word describes something being brought to completion, filled to capacity, or fully accomplished. It is used in a passive sense, indicating that the subject is the recipient of the action, rather than the one performing it. For example, a prophecy might be 'fulfilled,' or a period of time 'completed,' or a vessel 'filled.'

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΤΕΛΕΩ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ἈΝΑΠΛΗΡΟΩ

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: dee-AH

Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: leh-GON-tos

Translations: of saying, of speaking, of telling, of calling, of meaning

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ΛΕΓΩ', meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. As a genitive participle, it often functions adverbially, indicating the time or circumstance of an action, such as 'while saying' or 'when he was speaking'. It can also function adjectivally, modifying a noun in the genitive case, meaning 'of the one saying'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Present, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΕΡΩ, ΦΗΜΙ, ΛΑΛΕΩ

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G5091

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: teh-tee-MEE-meh-noo

Translations: (of) the honored one, (of) the valued one, (of) the esteemed one

Notes: This word is the perfect passive participle of the verb 'τιμάω' (timaō), meaning 'to honor' or 'to value'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, describing someone or something that has been honored or valued. In this form, it refers to 'the one who has been honored' or 'the one who has been valued'. It is often used to refer to a person or thing held in high regard.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΝΤΙΜΟΣ, ΕΝΔΟΞΟΣ

G2474

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: Iss-rah-AYL

Translations: Israel

Notes: This word refers to Israel, which can denote the patriarch Jacob (who was renamed Israel), the nation descended from him, or the land occupied by that nation. It is used to refer to the people of God, the twelve tribes, or the northern kingdom of Israel as distinct from Judah. It is often used in contexts referring to the history, covenant, and identity of God's chosen people.

Inflection: Indeclinable

Etymology: The word is of Hebrew origin, meaning 'God strives' or 'he strives with God'. It was the new name given to Jacob after he wrestled with God (Genesis 32:28).

G1325

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-DOH-kahn

Translations: they gave, they did give

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'they gave' or 'they did give'. It describes an action of giving that occurred in the past. It is typically used when referring to multiple subjects who performed the act of giving.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΕΔΩΚΑΝ, ΕΔΩΚΑΝ

Etymology: The root word δίδωμι (didōmi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *deh₃- meaning 'to give'. It is a reduplicated present stem, common in ancient Greek verbs.

G2505

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: KAH-thah

Translations: as, just as, according as

Notes: ΚΑΘΑ is an adverb and conjunction meaning 'as' or 'just as'. It is used to introduce a comparison or to indicate the manner in which something is done, similar to 'according as'. It does not change its form based on gender, number, or case.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣ

Etymology: ΚΑΘΑ is a contraction of κατά (kata, 'down, according to') and ἅ (ha, 'which things'). It is related to the longer forms καθάπερ (kathaper) and καθώς (kathos).

G2962

Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: KOO-ree-oss

Translations: Lord, a Lord, master, a master, owner, an owner, sir

Notes: This word refers to a person who has authority, control, or ownership over something or someone. It is frequently used in the New Testament to refer to God or Jesus Christ, signifying their supreme authority and sovereignty. It can also be used in a more general sense for a human master or owner.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΑΥΘΕΝΤΗΣ

Etymology: The word ΚΥΡΙΟΣ derives from the Greek word κῦρος (kyros), meaning 'supreme power' or 'authority'. It signifies one who possesses power and authority, thus a lord or master.

G2424

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-ay-SOOS

Translations: Jesus, Joshua

Notes: This is a proper name, transliterated from the Hebrew name Yeshua or Yehoshua. It refers to the central figure of Christianity, Jesus Christ, or to Joshua, the successor of Moses in the Old Testament. It is used to identify a specific individual.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative

Etymology: The Koine Greek name Ἰησοῦς (Iēsous) is a transliteration of the Hebrew name יְהוֹשֻׁעַ (Yehoshua), meaning 'Yahweh is salvation' or 'Yahweh saves'. It is also related to the shorter form יֵשׁוּעַ (Yeshua).

G2476

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: es-TAH-thay

Translations: stood, was stood, was set, was established, was appointed, was made to stand

Notes: This is the third person singular, aorist passive indicative form of the verb ἵστημι (histēmi). It means 'he/she/it stood' or 'he/she/it was stood/set/established'. It describes an action that happened in the past and was completed, often implying that the subject was made to stand or was placed in a certain position by an external agent.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Passive

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΘΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ

G1715

Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: em-PROS-then

Translations: before, in front, in front of, in the presence of, ahead, formerly, previously

Notes: This word functions as both an adverb and a preposition. As an adverb, it means 'before' or 'in front,' indicating a position or time. As a preposition, it means 'in front of' or 'in the presence of,' typically taking the genitive case. It can also refer to something that happened 'formerly' or 'previously.'

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟ, ΕΝΑΝΤΙΟΝ, ΚΑΤΕΝΑΝΤΙ

Etymology: From the preposition ἐν (en, 'in') and the adverbial form of πρός (pros, 'to, toward'). It literally means 'in front of' or 'in the direction of'.

G2232

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: hay-geh-MOHN

Translations: ruler, a ruler, governor, a governor, leader, a leader, chief, a chief, commander, a commander, prince, a prince

Notes: This word refers to a leader, ruler, or governor. It can denote someone in a position of authority, such as a provincial governor appointed by a higher power, or a general leading an army. It can also refer to someone who guides or leads in a more general sense, like a chief or a guide.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ

Etymology: From the Greek verb ἄγω (agō), meaning 'to lead' or 'to guide'. The suffix -μων (-mōn) indicates an agent or instrument, thus 'one who leads'.

G1519, G1487, G1488

Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb

Sounds like: E

Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are

Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).

G0935

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: bah-see-LEHFS

Translations: king, a king, ruler, sovereign

Notes: This word refers to a king or a ruler, someone who holds supreme authority over a territory or people. It is commonly used to denote a monarch or sovereign. In a sentence, it would function as a noun, often as the subject or object, indicating the person in power.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ

Etymology: From an uncertain root, possibly related to a word meaning 'base' or 'foundation', suggesting one who stands at the foundation of power or authority. It has been used since ancient Greek times to refer to a monarch.

G1722

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G2723

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tay-go-REES-thigh

Translations: to be accused, to be charged, to be brought to trial

Notes: This word is a verb that means to accuse, to charge, or to bring an accusation against someone. The form provided, ΚΑΤΗΓΟΡΕΙΣΘΑΙ, is a present passive infinitive, meaning 'to be accused' or 'to be charged'. It describes the action of being the subject of an accusation.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΓΚΑΛΕΙΣΘΑΙ, ΔΙΩΚΕΣΘΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΗΓΟΡΕΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (KATA), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb ΑΓΟΡΕΥΩ (AGOREUO), meaning 'to speak in the assembly' or 'to proclaim'. Thus, it originally meant 'to speak against someone in the assembly' or 'to accuse publicly'.

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-POH

Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.

G0749

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ar-khee-eh-REH-ohn

Translations: of high priests, of chief priests

Notes: This word refers to those who hold the highest priestly office. In ancient Israel, this was the head of the priesthood, responsible for leading religious ceremonies and sacrifices. In the New Testament, it often refers to the leading members of the Jewish priestly class, including the high priest and other prominent priests.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΙΕΡΕΙΣ, ΠΡΕΣΒΥΤΕΡΟΙ

Etymology: The word is a compound of two Greek words: ἀρχή (archē), meaning 'first' or 'chief', and ἱερεύς (hiereus), meaning 'priest'. It literally means 'chief priest'.

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

G3761

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: oo-DEH

Translations: not even, neither, nor, and not

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the conjunction 'δέ' (but, and). It is used to emphasize a negation, meaning 'not even' or 'neither/nor'. It can connect clauses or phrases, indicating that something is also not true or not happening. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'He did not go, nor did he send anyone.'

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΜΗΔΕ, ΜΗ

Etymology: From the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the postpositive conjunction 'δέ' (but, and).

G1722

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EN

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at, into, to

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its primary meaning is 'in' or 'within,' indicating location, time, or state. It always takes the dative case. Depending on the context, it can also be translated as 'on,' 'among,' 'with' (indicating accompaniment or instrument), 'by' (indicating means or agent), or 'at.' Sometimes it can imply motion into a place, similar to 'into' or 'to,' especially when the context suggests movement towards a location where something then resides.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It is cognate with English 'in'.

G4487

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: RHE-ma

Translations: word, a word, saying, a saying, thing, a thing, matter, a matter, utterance, an utterance

Notes: This word refers to something spoken, an utterance, a saying, or a word. It can also refer to a matter or a thing that is spoken about or decided. It is often used in contexts referring to divine pronouncements or significant statements.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΛΟΓΟΣ, ΕΠΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb ῥέω (rheō), meaning 'to speak' or 'to flow'. It refers to that which is spoken or uttered.

G2296

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: thav-MAH-zayn

Translations: to wonder, to marvel, to be amazed, to admire

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'θαυμάζω'. It means to be filled with wonder, amazement, or admiration. It can be used to express surprise, awe, or a deep sense of respect for something or someone. For example, one might 'wonder at' a great deed or 'marvel at' a beautiful sight.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΕΚΠΛΗΣΣΩ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ, ΑΠΟΡΕΩ

Etymology: The word 'θαυμάζω' (thaumazō) comes from 'θαῦμα' (thauma), meaning 'a wonder, a marvel, a sight'. Its origin is likely related to the root 'thea-' meaning 'to see' or 'to gaze at', implying something that causes one to gaze in wonder.

G3029

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: LEE-ahn

Translations: very, exceedingly, greatly, much, extremely

Notes: This word is an adverb that means 'very' or 'exceedingly'. It is used to intensify the meaning of an adjective, another adverb, or a verb, indicating a high degree or extent of something. For example, it can be used to say 'very good' or 'greatly rejoice'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΦΟΔΡΑ, ΠΟΛΥ, ΜΑΛΑ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the idea of 'smoothness' or 'plainness', which then developed into the meaning of 'very' or 'exceedingly'.

G3793

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: OKH-loh

Translations: to the crowd, to a crowd, to the multitude, to a multitude, to the throng, to a throng

Notes: This word refers to a crowd, multitude, or throng of people. It can also refer to the common people or the rabble. In its dative singular form, as presented, it indicates the indirect object of an action, meaning "to the crowd" or "for the crowd."

Inflection: Dative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΠΛΗΘΟΣ, ΛΑΟΣ, ΔΗΜΟΣ

Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to ὄχος (ochos, 'anything that holds or carries').

G2309

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EE-theh-LON

Translations: I wanted, they wanted, I wished, they wished, I desired, they desired, I was wanting, they were wanting

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to want', 'to wish', or 'to desire'. It is in the imperfect tense, which describes an action that was ongoing, repeated, or habitual in the past. It can be translated as 'I wanted' (first person singular) or 'they wanted' (third person plural), depending on the context of the sentence.

Inflection: Imperfect Active Indicative, 1st Person Singular or 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΟΜΑΙ, ΕΠΙΘΥΜΩ

Etymology: The word ΘΕΛΩ (thelo) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to an ancient root meaning 'to set' or 'to place', evolving to mean 'to set one's mind on' or 'to wish'.

G2192

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EE-khon

Translations: had, were having, possessed, held

Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past. It can be used to indicate possession, a state of being, or to describe an action that was happening over a period of time in the past. For example, 'they had' or 'they were holding'.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΤΩΜΑΙ, ΚΕΚΤΗΜΑΙ, ΕΠΙΛΑΜΒΑΝΟΜΑΙ

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: leh-GO-meh-non

Translations: being said, being spoken, being called, being named, what is said, what is spoken, a thing said, a thing spoken

Notes: This word is a present passive participle derived from the verb 'ΛΕΓΩ' (lego), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing something that is in the process of being said, spoken, or called. It can refer to a statement, a saying, or something that is being referred to or named.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter, Present, Passive

Synonyms: ΛΑΛΟΥΜΕΝΟΝ, ΦΑΜΕΝΟΝ

G4863

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: soon-ayg-MEH-nohn

Translations: (of) gathered, (of) assembled, (of) collected, (of) brought together

Notes: This word is the perfect passive participle, genitive plural, of the verb 'συνάγω' (synagō), meaning 'to gather,' 'to assemble,' or 'to bring together.' It describes a state of having been gathered or assembled. In a sentence, it would typically modify a noun in the genitive case, indicating possession or relationship, such as 'the voice of those gathered' or 'the land of rulers who have been assembled.'

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Genitive, Plural, All genders

Synonyms: ΑΘΡΟΙΣΜΕΝΩΝ, ΣΥΛΛΕΓΜΕΝΩΝ

Etymology: The word 'συνάγω' (synagō) is a compound word formed from the preposition 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together,' and the verb 'ἄγω' (agō), meaning 'to lead' or 'to bring.' Thus, it literally means 'to lead together' or 'to bring together.'

G3767

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OON

Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOYS

Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her

Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

G5100

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE-nah

Translations: who, what, which, some, any, a certain one, something, anything

Notes: ΤΙΝΑ is an inflected form of the pronoun/adjective ΤΙΣ. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', 'anything', 'a certain one', or 'some'. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it is used in a question or a statement. It can function as both a pronoun standing alone or an adjective modifying a noun.

Inflection: Accusative Singular Masculine or Feminine, or Nominative/Accusative Plural Neuter

G0630

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-po-LOO-soh

Translations: I will release, I will set free, I will send away, I will dismiss, I will divorce

Notes: This word means to release, set free, send away, or dismiss. It is often used in the context of releasing someone from custody, sending someone away, or even divorcing a spouse. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb λύω (lyo), meaning 'to loose' or 'to release'.

Inflection: Future, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΦΙΗΜΙ, ΕΞΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ

G2228, G3588

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Definite Article, Numeral

Sounds like: AY

Translations: or, the, 8

Notes: This word can function as a conjunction meaning 'or', indicating an alternative or choice between two or more options. It can also be the feminine nominative singular form of the definite article 'the', used to specify a feminine noun that is the subject of a sentence. The '̓' (coronis) indicates that this form is an elision, meaning it's a shortened form of a word like ἤ (e.g., when followed by a vowel). Additionally, the '̓' could be a keraia, indicating the numeral 8.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as conjunction or numeral); Singular, Nominative, Feminine (as definite article)

Etymology: The conjunction ἤ (e.g., from which Ἠ is an elision) is of uncertain origin. The definite article ἡ (from which Ἠ is an elision) comes from Proto-Indo-European. The numeral meaning is derived from the Greek letter eta (Η), which was used to represent the number 8.

G2424

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-ay-SOON

Translations: Jesus, Joshua

Notes: This is a proper name, the Greek form of the Hebrew name 'Joshua'. It refers primarily to Jesus Christ, the central figure of Christianity. It can also refer to other individuals named Joshua in the Old Testament or other historical figures. In a sentence, it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: The Greek name ἸΗΣΟΥΣ (Iēsous) is a transliteration of the Hebrew name יְהוֹשֻׁעַ (Yehoshua), meaning 'Yahweh is salvation' or 'Yahweh saves'.

G5547

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHRIS-ton

Translations: Christ, the Christ, Anointed One, the Anointed One

Notes: This word refers to the 'Anointed One' or 'Messiah'. In the New Testament, it is primarily used as a title for Jesus, signifying his role as the promised deliverer. It is often used with the definite article 'the' (the Christ) or as a proper name (Christ). As an accusative form, it would typically function as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΕΣΣΙΑΣ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ

G1063

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G2521

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ka-THEE-meh-noo

Translations: (of) sitting, (of) dwelling, (of) remaining, (of) residing

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to sit' or 'to dwell'. It describes someone or something that is in the act of sitting, dwelling, or remaining in a place. As a genitive form, it often indicates possession or relationship, translating to 'of one who is sitting' or 'of one who dwells'. It can refer to a person, an animal, or even a divine being.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Present, Middle or Passive

Synonyms: ΚΑΘΕΖΟΜΕΝΟΥ, ΟΙΚΟΥΝΤΟΣ, ΜΕΝΟΝΤΟΣ

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to

Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.

G0968

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: BAY-mah-tos

Translations: of a step, of a pace, of a platform, of a tribunal, of a judgment seat

Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the noun 'βῆμα' (bēma). It refers to a step, a raised platform, or a tribunal/judgment seat. In a sentence, it would indicate possession or origin, such as 'of the platform' or 'belonging to the judgment seat'. It is often used in contexts referring to a place from which one speaks or judges.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΒΑΣΙΣ, ΒΑΘΜΟΣ, ΔΙΚΑΣΤΗΡΙΟΝ

Etymology: From the Greek verb βαίνω (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to step'. The noun βῆμα (bēma) literally refers to a 'step' or 'pace', and by extension, a raised place ascended by steps.

G3588, G3739, G2228

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: leh-GOO-sah

Translations: saying, speaking, telling, a woman saying

Notes: This word is a present active participle, indicating an ongoing action. It is in the feminine, singular, and nominative case, meaning it describes a female subject who is in the act of saying, speaking, or telling something. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, or can be used substantively (as a noun) to refer to 'the one who is saying'.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΛΑΛΟΥΣΑ, ΦΩΝΟΥΣΑ

G3367

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: MAY-den

Translations: nothing, no one, none, not even one

Notes: This word is a negative indefinite pronoun or adjective, meaning 'nothing' or 'no one'. It is the neuter form of the word 'ΜΗΔΕΙΣ'. It is used to express absolute negation, particularly in contexts involving prohibitions, commands, or with subjunctive and optative moods, indicating that something should not happen or does not exist under certain conditions. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'do nothing' or 'let nothing happen'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΝ

Etymology: The word ΜΗΔΕΙΣ is a compound word formed from the negative particle ΜΗ (meaning 'not') and the numeral ΕΙΣ (meaning 'one'). It literally means 'not even one'.

G4771

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: SOY

Translations: (to) you, (for) you, you

Notes: This is the second-person singular dative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'to you' or 'for you'. It can also simply translate as 'you' when the context implies a dative relationship, such as indirect object or a recipient of an action. It is used to indicate the person to whom something is given, said, or done, or for whom an action is performed. For example, 'I give to you' or 'I do this for you'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Second Person

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a very ancient pronoun, found across many Indo-European languages.

G1344

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-KAH-ee-oh

Translations: I justify, I declare righteous, I make righteous, I acquit

Notes: This verb means to justify, to declare someone righteous, or to make them righteous. It can also mean to acquit someone of a charge. It is used to describe the act of God declaring or making people righteous in His sight, or to describe a legal process of vindication.

Inflection: First Person Singular, Present Active Indicative

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΥΩ, ΑΘΩΟΩ, ΑΠΟΦΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: From the Greek word δίκαιος (dikaios), meaning 'righteous' or 'just'. The verb form means to render or declare someone righteous.

G1565

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: eh-KAY-noh

Translations: to that, for that, with that, by that, that one

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'that' or 'that one'. It is used to point out something or someone that is distant in space or time, or to refer back to something previously mentioned. In this form, it is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object or the means/instrument by which something is done. It often translates as 'to that', 'for that', or 'with that', depending on the context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥΤΟΣ, ΟΔΕ

G4183

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: POL-lah

Translations: much, many, great, abundant, often, greatly, many things

Notes: This word is an inflection of the adjective 'ΠΟΛΥΣ' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many'. As an adjective, 'ΠΟΛΛΑ' typically functions as the neuter plural nominative or accusative, meaning 'many things' or 'much'. It can also function as an adverb, meaning 'often' or 'greatly'. It is used to indicate a large quantity or frequency.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative (of the adjective ΠΟΛΥΣ); or Adverb

Synonyms: ΠΛΕΙΩΝ, ΙΚΑΝΟΣ

G3958

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-PAH-thon

Translations: we suffered, they suffered, we endured, they endured, we experienced, they experienced

Notes: This word is an aorist active indicative form of the verb 'πάσχω', meaning to suffer, endure, or experience. It describes an action that occurred in the past, either by 'we' (first person plural) or 'they' (third person plural). It can refer to experiencing something, whether good or bad, but often implies suffering or hardship.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Plural or 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΥΠΟΜΕΝΩ, ΑΝΕΧΟΜΑΙ

G2596

Part of Speech: Prefix, Preposition

Sounds like: KAT

Translations: down, against, according to, throughout, during

Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down', 'against', 'according to', 'throughout', or 'during'. It is frequently used as a prefix in compound verbs and nouns, indicating a downward motion, completion, intensity, or opposition. For example, in 'κατέβη' (katebē), it means 'went down', and in 'καταπιεῖν' (katapiein), it means 'to swallow down'. The final alpha (α) is often dropped when the next word or part of the compound begins with a vowel, or when it's followed by certain consonants.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix); functions as a preposition that takes the genitive or accusative case.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmt- 'down, with, against'. It is a common Greek preposition that has been used since ancient times.

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: DEE

Translations: through, by means of, on account of, because of, 14

Notes: This word is most commonly an elided form of the preposition ΔΙΑ (dia), meaning 'through', 'by means of', 'on account of', or 'because of'. It is used to indicate the means by which something is done or the reason for an action. It can also represent the Greek numeral 14, indicated by a keraia (a mark similar to an apostrophe) which is often omitted in transcription.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or numeral)

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΥΠΟ, ΕΝΕΚΕΝ

Etymology: The preposition ΔΙΑ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G2443

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: EE-nah

Translations: in order that, that, so that, to

Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause expressing purpose, result, or content. It often translates to 'in order that' or simply 'that' when indicating the aim or outcome of an action. It can also be used to express a command or exhortation, especially when followed by the subjunctive mood.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣΤΕ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en- (in). It is related to the preposition 'in' and developed into a conjunction expressing purpose or result.

G0622

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-po-LEH-so-sin

Translations: they may destroy, they may perish, they may lose, they may be lost

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to destroy, to perish, or to lose. It can be used transitively, meaning to destroy something or someone, or to lose something. It can also be used intransitively, meaning to perish or be lost. The form given indicates an action that may or might happen.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Aorist, Active, Subjunctive

Synonyms: ΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ΦΘΕΙΡΩ, ΑΦΑΝΙΖΩ

Etymology: The word ἀπόλλυμι is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb ὄλλυμι (ollumi), meaning 'to destroy' or 'to lose'.

G0611

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-po-kree-THEIS

Translations: having answered, answering, replied, having replied

Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle of the verb 'to answer' or 'to reply'. It describes an action that has already occurred, often translated as 'having answered' or 'having replied'. It is typically used to introduce a statement or action that is a response to something previously said or done, functioning adverbially to describe the manner or timing of the main verb.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕἸΠΩΝ, ΛΕΓΩΝ

G4717

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: stah-vroh-THEE-toh

Translations: let him be crucified, let him be impaled

Notes: This word is a command, meaning 'let him be crucified' or 'he must be crucified'. It is used to express a strong demand for someone to be put to death by crucifixion. It is a compound word, formed from the noun 'σταυρός' (stauros), meaning 'cross' or 'stake', and the verb ending for 'to make' or 'to do'.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Passive, Imperative

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΣΤΑΥΡΟΩ, ΠΡΟΣΠΗΓΝΥΜΙ

Etymology: The verb σταυρόω (stauroō) is derived from the noun σταυρός (stauros), meaning 'cross' or 'stake'. The word evolved from referring to an upright stake to specifically meaning a cross used for execution.

G2556

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: KAH-kon

Translations: evil, bad, harmful, wicked, a bad thing, an evil thing, a wrong, a misfortune, a disaster

Notes: This word describes something that is bad, evil, or harmful. It can refer to moral wickedness, physical harm, or general poor quality. When used as a substantive (like a noun), it refers to an evil thing, a wrong, or a misfortune. It can be used to describe actions, intentions, or conditions.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΠΟΝΗΡΟΣ, ΦΑΥΛΟΣ, ΑΣΕΒΗΣ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be pre-Greek or from an unknown root.

G4057

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: peh-ris-SOHSS

Translations: exceedingly, abundantly, much, greatly, beyond measure, extremely

Notes: This word is an adverb used to emphasize the degree or intensity of an action or quality. It indicates something is done or exists to an exceptional or extraordinary extent, often translated as 'exceedingly' or 'abundantly'. It can be used to describe how much something is done or how strong a quality is.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡΕΚΠΕΡΙΣΣΟΥ, ΣΦΟΔΡΑ, ΛΙΑΝ

Etymology: The word "ΠΕΡΙΣΣΩΣ" is derived from the adjective "ΠΕΡΙΣΣΟΣ" (perissos), meaning 'exceeding, abundant, superfluous'.

G5623

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: oh-feh-LEH-ee

Translations: it profits, it benefits, it helps, it is useful

Notes: This word means to be profitable, beneficial, or helpful. It is often used impersonally, meaning 'it profits' or 'it is useful,' indicating that something is advantageous or brings a benefit. It can also mean to help or assist someone.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Present Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΣΥΜΦΕΡΕΙ, ΛΥΣΙΤΕΛΕΙ

Etymology: The word ὠφελέω (ōpheleō) comes from ὄφελος (ophelos), meaning 'advantage, profit, help'.

G0235

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: AL-lah

Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed

Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.

G3123

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: MAHL-lon

Translations: more, rather, much more, especially

Notes: This word is a comparative adverb meaning 'more' or 'rather'. It is used to indicate a preference, a greater degree, or an intensification of something. It often appears in contexts where a comparison is being made, suggesting that one thing is true to a greater extent than another, or that one action is preferred over another. For example, it can mean 'more' in terms of quantity or intensity, or 'rather' when expressing a choice or preference.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΛΕΟΝ, ΜΑΛΙΣΤΑ

Etymology: ΜΑΛΛΟΝ is a comparative adverb derived from an obsolete positive form related to the concept of 'much' or 'very'. It functions as the comparative degree of this implied positive.

G2351

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: THO-roo-bos

Translations: tumult, an uproar, a disturbance, a noise, a clamor

Notes: This word refers to a loud noise, a commotion, or a state of disorder and confusion, often caused by a crowd or a group of people. It can describe a general disturbance, an uproar, or the noise associated with a crowd's activity. It is used to describe situations ranging from a simple noise to a violent riot.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΤΑΡΑΧΗ, ΚΡΑΥΓΗ, ΗΧΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'ΘΟΡΥΒΟΣ' is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the verb θορέω (thoreō), meaning 'to leap, to spring up', suggesting a sense of agitation or commotion.

G1096

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: GHI-neh-tai

Translations: becomes, happens, is, is born, comes into being, takes place, arises

Notes: This verb is very common and versatile, meaning 'to become,' 'to happen,' 'to be born,' or 'to come into being.' It describes a state of transition or occurrence, indicating that something is coming into existence or changing its state. It can be used in various contexts to describe events, transformations, or the origin of something.

Inflection: 3rd Person Singular, Present Tense, Indicative Mood, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΤΙΚΤΩ

G2983

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: lah-BOHN

Translations: taking, having taken, receiving, having received, seizing, having seized

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take,' 'to receive,' or 'to seize.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. It often indicates the means or circumstance by which another action takes place. For example, 'having taken the book, he read it' or 'receiving the gift, she smiled.'

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Singular, Masculine, Nominative

Synonyms: ΚΟΜΙΣΑΜΕΝΟΣ, ΔΕΞΑΜΕΝΟΣ, ΕΙΛΗΦΩΣ

G0001

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: Ah-peh-NAN-tee

Translations: opposite, in front of, before, against

Notes: This word is an adverb used to indicate a position directly facing or opposite to something or someone. It can also mean 'in the presence of' or 'before' a person or thing. It is often used with the genitive case to specify what it is opposite to.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἘΝΑΝΤΙΟΝ, ΚΑΤΕΝΑΝΤΙ, ΠΡΟΣΩΠΟΝ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀπ- (ap-, 'from') and ἔναντι (enanti, 'opposite'). It literally means 'from opposite' or 'from in front of'.

G0000

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-THOH-os

Translations: innocent, guiltless, unpunished, free from fault

Notes: This word describes someone who is innocent, guiltless, or free from punishment. It is used to declare that a person is not responsible for a crime or a wrong action. It can also imply being unpunished or exempt from a penalty.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ἈΝΑΙΤΙΟΣ, ἈΚΑΚΟΣ

Etymology: From the negative prefix 'α-' (a-) meaning 'not' and 'θωός' (thōos), which is related to 'θωή' (thōē) meaning 'punishment' or 'penalty'. Thus, it literally means 'without punishment' or 'unpunished'.

G1510

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-MEE

Translations: I am, to be, exist, happen

Notes: This is the Koine Greek verb 'to be', 'to exist', or 'to happen'. It is a fundamental and highly irregular verb, often used as a copula (a linking verb) to connect the subject of a sentence to a predicate noun or adjective, indicating identity or a state of being. It can also indicate existence or occurrence. For example, 'Ἐγὼ εἰμι' translates to 'I am'.

Inflection: First person singular, Present, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: This verb is one of the oldest and most fundamental verbs in the Greek language, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages.

G3708

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: op-SEH-stheh

Translations: you will see, you shall see

Notes: This word means 'you will see' or 'you shall see'. It is a future tense form of the verb 'to see', indicating an action that will happen in the future. It is used when addressing multiple people.

Inflection: Future, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Second Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΒΛΈΨΕΤΕ, ΘΕΆΣΕΣΘΕ

Etymology: From a prolonged form of the primary verb ὉΡΆΩ (horao), meaning 'to see'. The future stem 'ὀψ-' is derived from the aorist stem of ὈΠΤΟΜΑΙ (optomai), which is also related to seeing.

G3956

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PAS

Translations: all, every, whole, any, a whole

Notes: This word means 'all', 'every', or 'whole'. It is used to indicate totality or completeness. It can refer to every single item in a group, or the entirety of something. For example, 'all people' or 'the whole house'. It often takes on the meaning of 'every' when used with a singular noun, and 'all' when used with a plural noun. It can also mean 'any' in certain contexts.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words meaning 'all' or 'every' in various Indo-European languages.

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: EHF

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, because of, with, by

Notes: This word is an elided form of the Greek preposition ἘΠΊ (epi), which means 'on,' 'upon,' or 'over.' The final vowel of ἘΠΊ is dropped before a word beginning with a vowel, especially a rough breathing mark, resulting in ἘΦ. Its precise meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it means 'on' or 'upon' (of place or time); with the dative, it means 'on,' 'at,' 'by,' or 'for' (of position or cause); and with the accusative, it means 'on,' 'to,' 'against,' or 'over' (of motion or purpose). It is also commonly used as a prefix in compound words.

Inflection: Does not inflect; it is an elided form of the preposition ἘΠΊ. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs (Genitive, Dative, or Accusative).

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pah-reh-DOH-ken

Translations: handed over, delivered, gave up, betrayed, committed, entrusted

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΠΑΡΑ (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and the verb ΔΙΔΩΜΙ (didomi), meaning 'to give'. It generally means to hand something over to someone, to deliver, or to give up. Depending on the context, it can also mean to betray someone, to commit something to someone's care, or to entrust. It is often used in the sense of delivering someone into custody or handing over a tradition.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΕΠΙΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΜΙ

G3880

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pa-ra-la-BON-tes

Translations: taking, receiving, having taken, having received

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'paralambanō', meaning 'to take alongside, to receive, or to take over'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action performed by the subject of the main verb. It often implies a completed action, such as 'having taken' or 'having received', and can refer to taking someone with oneself, receiving something, or taking over a tradition or teaching.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΟΝΤΕΣ, ΔΕΧΟΜΕΝΟΙ, ΚΟΜΙΖΟΝΤΕΣ

G4232

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PRAI-toh-ri-on

Translations: Praetorium, palace, governor's headquarters, barracks, a Praetorium, a palace, a governor's headquarters, a barracks

Notes: This word refers to the official residence of a Roman governor or military commander. It could also denote the headquarters of a Roman army camp, or even the barracks of the Praetorian Guard in Rome. In the New Testament, it often refers to the palace or official residence of Pontius Pilate in Jerusalem.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΟΝ, ΟΙΚΙΑ

Etymology: The word is a transliteration of the Latin 'praetorium', which originally referred to the tent of a Roman general (praetor) in a camp. Over time, it came to mean the official residence of a governor or military commander.

G4863

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-ay-GAH-gon

Translations: gathered, assembled, collected

Notes: This word is the aorist (past tense) form of the verb "συνάγω" (synagō), meaning "to gather together," "to assemble," or "to collect." It is a compound word formed from "σύν" (syn), meaning "with" or "together," and "ἄγω" (agō), meaning "to lead" or "to bring." Therefore, it literally means "to bring together." It is used to describe the act of bringing people or things into one place.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular or 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΑΘΡΟΙΖΩ, ΣΥΛΛΕΓΩ

Etymology: The word "συνάγω" (synagō) is a compound verb derived from the preposition "σύν" (syn), meaning "with" or "together," and the verb "ἄγω" (agō), meaning "to lead" or "to bring." Its etymology reflects the action of bringing multiple entities into a unified state or location.

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: ep

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, by, before, among, concerning, with

Notes: This word is a preposition, often used as a prefix in compound words. It is a shortened form of the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), which loses its final vowel when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark. Its precise meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it often means 'on, upon, over' (of place) or 'at, during' (of time); with the dative, it can mean 'on, at, by' (of place), 'in addition to', or 'for, because of'; and with the accusative, it typically means 'to, toward, against' (of motion) or 'over, upon' (of extent).

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ὙΠΕΡ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ (epi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'on, at, near'.

G4687

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: SPAY-ran

Translations: to sow, to scatter seed, to plant

Notes: This word refers to the act of sowing seeds, scattering them over the ground for growth. It can also be used more broadly to mean to scatter or to plant. In the provided examples, it appears in various past tense forms, indicating actions of 'sowing' that have already occurred or are conditional.

Inflection: Aorist Active Indicative (3rd Person Plural) or Aorist Active Participle (Accusative Singular Feminine or Neuter, or Accusative Plural Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter)

Synonyms: ΦΥΤΕΥΩ, ΒΑΛΛΩ

Etymology: From an unconfirmed root, possibly related to the idea of 'scattering' or 'spreading'.

G1562

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: ek-DY-san-tes

Translations: having stripped off, having taken off, having plundered, having divested, having despoiled

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle of the verb ἐκδύω, meaning 'to strip off,' 'to take off,' or 'to plunder.' It is a compound word formed from the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from,' and the verb δύω (dyō), meaning 'to enter' or 'to put on.' When used with an object, it indicates the action of removing something from someone or something, often implying force or violence, such as stripping clothes or plundering possessions. It can also mean to divest oneself of something.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΔΥΩ, ΣΚΥΛΕΥΩ, ΛΗΙΖΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ἐκδύω is formed from the prefix ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from,' and the verb δύω (dyō), which originally meant 'to enter' or 'to put on' (clothing), but in compounds like this, it takes on the sense of 'to get out of' or 'to take off.'

G5511

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: khla-MY-da

Translations: cloak, a cloak, robe, a robe, mantle, a mantle

Notes: This word refers to a cloak or mantle, typically a short, loose outer garment worn by men. It was often associated with soldiers, officials, or royalty, sometimes indicating status or authority. It is used to describe a garment that is put on or taken off.

Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Feminine

Synonyms: ΙΜΑΤΙΟΝ, ΣΤΟΛΗ

Etymology: The word ΧΛΑΜΥΣ (chlamys) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek or borrowed from another language. It refers to a type of cloak that was common in ancient Greece.

G4060

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-ree-EH-thee-kahn

Translations: they put around, they placed around, they put on, they clothed, they bestowed

Notes: This is the third person plural, aorist active indicative form of the verb peritithēmi. It means "to put around," "to place around," or "to put on." It can be used to describe placing something physically around an object or person, such as clothing or a garland. It can also be used metaphorically to mean "to bestow" or "to confer" something upon someone.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΕΝΔΥΩ, ΚΑΤΑΤΙΘΗΜΙ

G0001

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-KAN-thohn

Translations: of thorns, thorns

Notes: This word refers to thorny plants, briars, or thistles. It is used to describe things that are sharp, prickly, or difficult to navigate, often metaphorically representing obstacles or troubles. As a genitive plural, it indicates possession or origin, meaning 'of thorns' or 'belonging to thorns'.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Feminine

Synonyms: ΤΡΙΒΟΛΟΙ, ΒΑΤΟΙ

Etymology: The word ΑΚΑΝΘΑ is derived from the Greek word ἀκή (akē), meaning 'point' or 'sharp edge', referring to the sharp nature of thorns.

G2007

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-peh-THEE-kahn

Translations: they laid upon, they put upon, they placed upon, they imposed

Notes: This word is the third person plural, aorist active indicative form of the verb ΕΠΙΤΙΘΗΜΙ (epitithēmi). It means to lay, put, or place something upon someone or something else. It can also mean to impose, inflict, or add. It is often used with a dative or accusative case to indicate what is being laid upon and to whom or what it is being laid.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΕΠΙΒΑΛΛΩ, ΠΡΟΣΤΙΘΗΜΙ

Etymology: The word ΕΠΙΤΙΘΗΜΙ is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΕΠΙ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'on', and the verb ΤΙΘΗΜΙ (tithēmi), meaning 'to put' or 'to place'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G1188

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: dex-ee-AH

Translations: right, right hand, a right hand, (of) the right hand, (to) the right hand

Notes: This word refers to the right side or the right hand. As an adjective, it describes something as being on the right. As a noun, it refers to the right hand or the right side itself. It is often used metaphorically to denote a place of honor, power, or authority, as in 'sitting at the right hand of God'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine; Singular, Accusative, Feminine; Singular, Genitive, Feminine; Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *deḱs- (right). It is related to Latin dexter and English 'dexterous'.

G1120

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: go-noo-pe-TAY-san-tes

Translations: kneeling, having knelt, falling on the knees, having fallen on the knees

Notes: This word is a compound participle, meaning 'having knelt' or 'having fallen on the knees'. It describes an action of kneeling down, often in supplication, worship, or homage. It is formed from the words for 'knee' (gonu) and 'to fall' (piptō).

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΚΥΝΕΩ, ΚΑΜΠΤΩ

Etymology: The word ΓΟΝΥΠΕΤΕΩ (gonypeteō) is a compound verb derived from the noun ΓΟΝΥ (gonu), meaning 'knee', and the verb ΠΙΠΤΩ (piptō), meaning 'to fall'. Thus, it literally means 'to fall on the knees'.

G1702

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-neh-PAI-ksan

Translations: they mocked, they ridiculed, they made sport of, they scoffed at

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'ἐν' (in, among) and the verb 'παίζω' (to play, to sport). It means to mock, ridicule, or make sport of someone, often with contempt or derision. It describes an action where a group of people treat someone with scorn or contempt, often through jesting or abusive behavior.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΧΛΕΥΑΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΕΛΑΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΜΠΑΙΖΩ is a compound of the preposition ΕΝ (in, among) and the verb ΠΑΙΖΩ (to play, to sport). The root ΠΑΙΖΩ comes from ΠΑΙΣ (child), suggesting the idea of childish play or sport, which in this context takes on a negative connotation of making fun of someone.

G5180

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EH-toop-ton

Translations: they were striking, they kept striking, they used to strike, they beat, they were beating

Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative, third person plural form of the verb 'τύπτω' (typtō), meaning 'to strike' or 'to beat'. The imperfect tense describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, or an action that was attempted. So, 'ἘΤΥΠΤΟΝ' means 'they were striking' or 'they kept striking'. It can be used in sentences to describe a group of people repeatedly hitting or beating something or someone.

Inflection: Imperfect Active Indicative, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΠΑΤΑΣΣΩ, ΠΛΗΓΩ, ΚΟΠΤΩ

G3753

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: OH-teh

Translations: when, whenever, at which time

Notes: This word functions as a temporal adverb or conjunction, indicating a point or period in time. It is used to introduce a clause that specifies when an action occurs or occurred, similar to 'when' or 'whenever' in English. It can refer to a specific past event or a general, recurring condition.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΗΝΙΚΑ, ΟΠΟΤΕ

Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun 'ho' (the) and the particle 'te' (then, at that time). It originally meant 'at that time when'.

G1746

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: en-EH-doo-san

Translations: they put on, they clothed, they dressed

Notes: This verb means to put on clothing, to dress oneself, or to clothe someone else. It can be used literally for putting on garments or metaphorically for being invested with a quality or characteristic. In this form, it indicates an action completed in the past by a group of people.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ἈΜΦΙΈΝΝΥΜΙ, ΠΕΡΙΒΆΛΛΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἐν (en, "in") and δύω (duō, "to enter, to put on").

G2440

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ee-MA-tee-ah

Translations: garments, clothes, raiment

Notes: This word refers to clothing in general, specifically outer garments or cloaks. It is commonly used to denote the attire worn by people. In ancient contexts, it could refer to a single piece of clothing that served as both a cloak and a blanket.

Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΕΝΔΥΜΑΤΑ, ΕΣΘΗΣ

Etymology: The word ἱμάτιον (himátion) is a diminutive of ἱμάς (himás), meaning 'leather strap' or 'thong', which later came to refer to a garment. It is related to the verb ἵημι (híēmi), 'to send, throw', possibly referring to something thrown over the body.

G1831

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: eks-ER-kho-men-oy

Translations: going out, coming out, departing, leaving, emerging

Notes: This word is a present participle, meaning 'going out' or 'coming out'. It describes an action that is ongoing or continuous. It is often used to describe people or things moving from an inside location to an outside one, or from one place to another. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ΕΚ (ek), meaning 'out of', and the verb ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive Voice, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΕΚΒΑΙΝΩ, ΕΚΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ

G3778

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-ton

Translations: this, this one, him, it

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, used to point out something specific that is near in proximity, time, or thought, or something that has just been mentioned. As a pronoun, it can stand in for a noun, meaning 'this one' or 'him/it'. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, meaning 'this' (e.g., 'this house'). In this form, it is masculine singular and in the accusative case, meaning it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΝ

G0029

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eng-gah-REH-oo-san

Translations: they compelled, they pressed into service, they forced

Notes: This word describes the act of compelling someone to perform a service, often under duress or by official authority. It implies a forced or involuntary action, such as pressing someone into military service or requiring them to carry a burden. It is a compound word, derived from a Persian term for a royal courier.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΓΚΑΖΩ, ΒΙΑΖΩ

Etymology: The word ἀγγαρεύω (angareuō) is derived from the Persian word 'angaros', referring to a royal courier who had the authority to compel people or animals into service for the king's dispatches. It entered Greek through Aramaic.

G1115

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: gol-go-THA

Translations: Golgotha

Notes: Golgotha is a proper noun referring to the place where Jesus was crucified, located outside the walls of ancient Jerusalem. Its name means 'place of a skull' in Aramaic/Hebrew, possibly due to its shape or because it was a place of execution. It is often used in conjunction with the Greek word 'τόπος' (place).

Inflection: Does not inflect (indeclinable)

Etymology: The word ΓΟΛΓΟΘΑ is a transliteration of an Aramaic word (גֻּלְגֹּלְתָּא, gulgalta) which means 'skull'. It is related to the Hebrew word גֻּלְגֹּלֶת (gulgolet), also meaning 'skull'.

G2898

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kra-NEE-oo

Translations: of a skull, of the skull, skull, a skull

Notes: ΚΡΑΝΙΟΥ is the genitive singular form of the noun ΚΡΑΝΙΟΝ, which means 'skull' or 'cranium'. It refers to the bony framework of the head. As a genitive case, it often indicates possession or origin, so it translates as 'of a skull' or 'of the skull'. In the provided context, it is used to describe a place, 'the place of a skull', which is also known as Golgotha.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Etymology: The word ΚΡΑΝΙΟΝ comes from the Greek word κρανίον (kranion), which is related to κράνος (kranos), meaning 'helmet'. It refers to the part of the head that covers the brain.

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: leh-GO-meh-noss

Translations: being said, being spoken, being called, called, named, the one being said, the one being called

Notes: This word is a present passive participle derived from the verb 'to say' or 'to speak'. It describes something or someone that is being said, spoken about, or called. It often functions as an adjective meaning 'called' or 'named', or as a noun referring to 'the one being called' or 'the one being spoken of'. It can be used to introduce a common name or a description of something.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Present, Passive, Participle

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΟΥΜΕΝΟΣ, ΟΝΟΜΑΖΟΜΕΝΟΣ

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G3396

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: meh-MIG-meh-non

Translations: mixed, mingled, a mixed thing, that which is mixed

Notes: This word is the perfect passive participle of the verb μίγνυμι (mignymi), meaning 'to mix' or 'to mingle'. As a participle, it describes something that has been mixed or is in a state of being mixed. It can function adjectivally, describing a noun, or substantively, referring to 'that which is mixed'.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΣΥΜΜΙΓΗΣ, ΑΝΑΜΕΜΙΓΜΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: The verb μίγνυμι (mignymi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *meiḱ-, meaning 'to mix'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that also refer to mixing or mingling.

G1089

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: geh-oo-SAH-meh-nos

Translations: having tasted, tasting, having eaten, eating, having experienced, experiencing

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'γεύω' (geuō), meaning 'to taste' or 'to eat'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is occurring, functioning like an adjective or adverb. It can refer to the literal act of tasting food or drink, or metaphorically to experiencing something. For example, it can be used to say 'having tasted the food' or 'having experienced hardship'.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΦΑΓΩΝ, ΕΣΘΙΩΝ

G4717

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: stow-ROH-san-tes

Translations: crucifying, having crucified, they crucified

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to crucify'. It describes an action of crucifying that has already occurred or is ongoing, often functioning like an adjective or adverb to modify another part of the sentence. It indicates that the subject of the participle is the one who performed the act of crucifying.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΠΗΓΝΥΜΙ, ΑΝΑΚΡΕΜΑΝΝΥΜΙ

Etymology: From σταυρός (stauros), meaning 'cross' or 'stake'. The verb σταυρόω means 'to crucify' or 'to fix on a cross'.

G1268

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-eh-meh-REE-san-toh

Translations: they divided, they distributed, they parted

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the prefix διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and the verb μερίζω (merizō), meaning 'to divide' or 'to distribute'. Therefore, it means 'they divided among themselves' or 'they distributed thoroughly'. It describes an action where a group of people divides something into parts, often for distribution among themselves or others.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΔΙΑΝΕΜΩ, ΜΕΡΙΖΩ

G0906

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: bal-ON-tes

Translations: throwing, casting, having thrown, having cast, putting, placing, having put, having placed

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'βάλλω' (ballō), meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action performed by the subject. In this form, it indicates an action that has been completed in the past, often translated as 'having thrown' or 'having cast'. It can also mean 'to put' or 'to place' in certain contexts.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΡΙΠΤΩ, ΕΚΒΑΛΛΩ

G2521

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ka-THEE-meh-noy

Translations: sitting, those sitting, who sit

Notes: This word is a present participle of the verb 'to sit'. It describes someone or something that is in the act of sitting. It can be used to describe people who are seated, or metaphorically, those who are settled in a particular state or place. For example, it can refer to people sitting in darkness or those sitting near someone.

Inflection: Present, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΑΘΕΖΟΜΑΙ, ΕΔΡΑΖΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek καθέζομαι (kathézomai, “to sit down”), from κατά (katá, “down”) + ἕζομαι (hézomai, “to sit”).

G5083

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-TAY-roon

Translations: I was keeping, I was observing, I was guarding, I was watching, they were keeping, they were observing, they were guarding, they were watching

Notes: This word is a verb in the imperfect tense, indicating an ongoing, continuous, or repeated action in the past. It means to keep, observe, guard, or watch over something or someone. It can be used to describe maintaining a state, obeying a command, or protecting from harm.

Inflection: Imperfect Active Indicative, 1st Person Singular or 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΦΥΛΑΣΣΩ, ΠΑΡΑΤΗΡΕΩ

G1883

Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: eh-pa-NOH

Translations: above, over, on, upon, up, more than

Notes: This word functions as an adverb meaning 'above' or 'on top'. It can also be used as a preposition, often taking the genitive case, to indicate position 'over' or 'upon' something, or to mean 'more than' in a comparative sense. It describes location or superiority.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἘΠΙ, ὙΠΕΡ

Etymology: This word is a compound of the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'on', and ἄνω (anō), meaning 'upwards' or 'above'.

G1125

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: ge-grahm-MEH-nane

Translations: written, having been written, a written thing, the written thing

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle derived from the verb 'γράφω' (graphō), meaning 'to write'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing something that has been written or is in a written state. It can also be used substantively, meaning 'that which has been written' or 'a written document'.

Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Feminine, Perfect Passive Participle

Synonyms: ΓΕΓΡΑΜΜΕΝΟΝ, ΓΕΓΡΑΜΜΕΝΟΣ

G3778

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: OO-tos

Translations: this, that, he, she, it, these, those, this one, that one

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something or someone that is near, or has just been mentioned. It can function as a substantive (e.g., 'he', 'she', 'it', 'this one') or as an adjective modifying a noun (e.g., 'this man', 'these things'). It often refers to something immediately present or recently discussed in the discourse.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΔΕ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be an ancient demonstrative pronoun in Greek, possibly related to other Indo-European demonstratives.

G4862

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: soon

Translations: with, together with, along with

Notes: ΣΥΝ is a preposition that typically takes the dative case, meaning 'with' or 'together with', indicating association, accompaniment, or union. It is also very commonly used as a prefix in compound words, where it conveys the idea of 'togetherness', 'union', 'completion', or 'joint action'. For example, 'συντρίβω' (syntribo) means 'to break together' or 'to crush', and 'συνκαίω' (synkaio) means 'to burn together'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.

Synonyms: ΜΕΤΑ, ΟΜΟΥ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kom, meaning 'with' or 'beside'. It is cognate with Latin 'cum' and English 'co-' or 'con-'.

G1519, G1520

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, toward, among, in, a, an, one

Notes: As a preposition, ΕΙΣ (eis) indicates motion or direction towards a place, person, or purpose, often translated as 'into,' 'to,' or 'for.' It always takes the accusative case. For example, 'into the house' or 'to God.' It can also be used to express purpose or result. As a numeral, ΕΙΣ (heis) means 'one' and is the masculine nominative singular form, often translated as 'a,' 'an,' or 'one.'

Inflection: Preposition: Does not inflect. Numeral: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (other forms exist for other genders and cases).

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en-s, an extended form of the preposition *en (in).

G2176

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: yoo-OH-noo-mohn

Translations: of the left, of the unlucky, of the ominous

Notes: This word is an adjective that literally means 'well-named' or 'of good name', but it is used euphemistically to refer to the 'left' side. In ancient cultures, the left side was often associated with bad omens or misfortune, so 'well-named' was used to avoid speaking directly of the 'unlucky' side. It can also mean 'unlucky' or 'ominous' directly. It is used to describe something belonging to or coming from the left side.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ἈΡΙΣΤΕΡΩΝ

Etymology: The word ΕΥ̓ΩΝΥΜΟΣ is a compound word formed from ΕΥ̓ (eu), meaning 'good' or 'well', and ὈΝΟΜΑ (onoma), meaning 'name'. It literally means 'well-named' or 'of good name', and was used as a euphemism for 'left' or 'unlucky'.

G2795

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kee-NOON-tes

Translations: moving, shaking, stirring, removing, agitating, inciting

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'moving' or 'shaking'. It describes an action that is currently happening or ongoing. It can be used to describe physical movement, like shaking one's head, or to describe something that is being stirred or agitated, or even to incite someone to action.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΣΑΛΕΥΟΝΤΕΣ, ΤΑΡΑΤΤΟΝΤΕΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kin- (to move, set in motion).

G2647

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: kah-tah-LOO-ohn

Translations: destroying, pulling down, overthrowing, lodging, staying, abolishing, dissolving, putting an end to, a destroyer, one who pulls down

Notes: This word describes the action of bringing something down, whether literally like a building or tent, or figuratively like a law or custom. It can also mean to lodge or stay overnight, especially in the context of a journey. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone or something that is performing the action of destroying, pulling down, or lodging.

Inflection: Present, Active, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΑΦΑΝΙΖΩ, ΚΑΘΑΙΡΕΩ, ΛΥΩ

Etymology: From κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and λύω (lyō), meaning 'to loose' or 'to release'. The compound verb thus means 'to loose down' or 'to pull down'.

G3618

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: oy-ko-do-MOHN

Translations: building, constructing, a builder, one who builds

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'one who is building' or 'the one building'. It is a compound word formed from 'οἶκος' (house) and 'δομέω' (to build), literally meaning 'to build a house'. It refers to the act of constructing or erecting something, often a building, but can also be used metaphorically for building up or edifying, such as a community or a person's character.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΚΤΙΖΩΝ, ΕΓΕΙΡΩΝ

Etymology: The word ΟΙΚΟΔΟΜΕΩ is a compound verb derived from the noun ΟΙΚΟΣ (oikos), meaning 'house' or 'dwelling', and the verb ΔΟΜΕΩ (domeō), meaning 'to build'. It literally means 'to build a house' and developed to mean 'to build' in a general sense.

G4982

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: SOH-son

Translations: save, deliver, make whole, preserve, heal

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to save' or 'to deliver'. It is often used in a plea or command, asking someone to provide salvation, rescue, or healing. It can refer to physical deliverance from danger or illness, or spiritual salvation.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Imperative, Second Person Singular

Synonyms: ΡΥΟΜΑΙ, ΔΙΑΣΩΖΩ, ΘΕΡΑΠΕΥΩ

Etymology: From an assumed primary verb of uncertain affinity. It is related to the concept of safety and soundness.

G5207

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: HUI-os

Translations: son, a son

Notes: This word refers to a male offspring, a son. It is a masculine noun and is commonly used to denote a direct descendant or, in a broader sense, someone who shares a close relationship or characteristic with another, such as 'sons of God' or 'sons of disobedience'. It can also refer to a young man or a male child.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΤΕΚΝΟΝ, ΠΑΙΣ

Etymology: From an unused root, probably meaning 'to beget'. It is related to the concept of generation and lineage.

G4716

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: stow-ROO

Translations: (of) a cross, (of) the cross, (of) a stake, (of) the stake

Notes: This word refers to an upright stake, pole, or a cross, often used for crucifixion. In the New Testament, it primarily denotes the instrument of Jesus' crucifixion, symbolizing his death and the Christian faith. It can also refer to the act of crucifixion itself or metaphorically to the suffering and self-denial required of a follower of Christ.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΞΥΛΟΝ, ΠΑΣΣΑΛΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand' or 'to cause to stand'. The noun refers to something that stands upright, hence a stake or pole.

G1702

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: em-PAI-zon-tes

Translations: mocking, making sport of, ridiculing, deriding, scoffing at, playing with

Notes: This word describes the action of mocking, ridiculing, or making sport of someone or something. It implies treating someone with contempt or scorn, often through jest or play. It can also mean to play with or trifle with. In a sentence, it would be used to describe people who are engaged in such an action.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΜΥΚΤΗΡΙΖΩ, ΧΛΕΥΑΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΕΛΑΩ

G1122

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: grah-mah-TEH-ohn

Translations: (of) scribes, (of) a scribe, (of) secretaries, (of) a secretary

Notes: This word refers to a scribe, a secretary, or a public notary. In the context of the New Testament, it often refers to those learned in Jewish law, who were responsible for interpreting and teaching it. They were often associated with the Pharisees and were influential figures in Jewish society. It is a compound word, derived from 'gramma' (writing) and 'teus' (one who does).

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΝΟΜΙΚΩΝ, ΔΙΔΑΣΚΑΛΩΝ

G2597

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-BAH-toh

Translations: let him go down, let him come down, may he go down, may he come down, descend

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to go down' or 'to come down'. It is a compound word formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb βαίνω (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to step'. It is often used in contexts where someone or something is moving from a higher place to a lower one.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Present, Imperative or Subjunctive, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΕΒΗΝ

G4100

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pis-TEV-so-men

Translations: let us believe, we may believe, we should believe, we might believe

Notes: This word means 'to believe' or 'to trust'. It is a verb form that expresses a hortatory subjunctive, which is used to encourage or urge a group (in this case, 'us') to perform an action. Therefore, it translates to 'let us believe' or 'we should believe'. It can be used in sentences where a speaker is proposing an action for a group to undertake.

Inflection: First Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Subjunctive

Synonyms: ΠΕΠΟΙΘΑΜΕΝ, ΕΛΠΙΖΟΜΕΝ

G3982

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-POY-then

Translations: he has trusted, he has relied, he is confident, he has been persuaded, he trusts, he relies

Notes: This word is the third person singular, perfect active indicative form of the verb 'ΠΕΙΘΩ'. It describes a state of having been persuaded, resulting in a current state of trust or confidence. It is used to express reliance or belief in someone or something, often implying a settled conviction.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΠΙΣΤΕΥΩ, ΕΛΠΙΖΩ

Etymology: From the root of ΠΕΙΘΩ, meaning 'to persuade, to trust'. It is related to the Proto-Indo-European root *bheidh- 'to trust, persuade'.

G4506

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: roo-SAH-sthoh

Translations: let him rescue, let him deliver, let him save

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to rescue, deliver, or save someone or something from danger, evil, or an undesirable situation. It is often used in a context of divine intervention or protection. As an imperative, it expresses a command or strong request for someone to perform the action of rescuing or delivering.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Middle Voice, Imperative

Synonyms: ΣΩΖΩ, ΕΞΑΙΡΕΩ

Etymology: The word ῥύομαι (rhyomai) is believed to be derived from an older root meaning 'to draw' or 'to pull', implying drawing someone out of danger.

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: it, itself, the same

Notes: This word is a versatile pronoun and adjective. As a pronoun, it typically means 'he,' 'she,' 'it,' or 'they,' depending on its gender and number. When used as an adjective, it can mean 'the same' or serve as an intensive pronoun, emphasizing the noun it modifies, such as 'himself,' 'herself,' 'itself,' or 'themselves.' Its meaning is highly dependent on its grammatical case, number, and gender within a sentence.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: This word is believed to derive from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'that, that one.' It developed into the Greek pronoun and adjective 'autos,' retaining its core sense of identity or self.

G4871

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: sys-tow-roo-THEN-tes

Translations: crucified with, having been crucified with, those who were crucified with

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the prefix 'συν-' (syn-), meaning 'with' or 'together with', and the verb 'σταυρόω' (stauroō), meaning 'to crucify'. Therefore, 'συστάυροω' means 'to crucify with' or 'to be crucified with'. The form 'ΣΥΣΤΑΥΡΩΘΕΝΤΕΣ' is a participle, indicating an action that has been completed, often translated as 'having been crucified with' or referring to 'those who were crucified with'. It describes individuals who shared the experience of crucifixion alongside someone else.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

G1096

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-GEH-neh-toh

Translations: it happened, it came to pass, it became, it was, it came into being

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist indicative middle/passive of the verb γίνομαι (ginomai). It signifies an event that occurred or a state that came into existence in the past. It is frequently used to introduce a new event or development in a narrative, often translated as 'it happened' or 'it came to pass'. It can also describe something becoming or being made into something else.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ

G1093

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GAYN

Translations: earth, an earth, land, a land, ground, a ground, country, a country, region, a region

Notes: ΓΗΝ is the accusative singular form of the noun ΓΗ, meaning 'earth', 'land', 'ground', 'country', or 'region'. It is used to indicate the direct object of a verb or the destination of motion, often translated as 'to the earth' or 'into the land' depending on the context and accompanying prepositions. It can refer to the planet, a specific territory, or the soil itself.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΓΕΑ

G4012

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

G5456

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: foh-NAY

Translations: voice, sound, noise, a voice, a sound, a noise

Notes: This word refers to a voice, a sound, or a noise. It is commonly used to describe the sound produced by living beings, such as a human voice or the sound of an animal, but can also refer to inanimate sounds like thunder or the sound of a trumpet. It is a feminine noun.

Inflection: Nominative, Singular, Feminine

Synonyms: ΗΧΟΣ, ΚΡΑΥΓΗ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (to speak, tell, say). Cognate with Latin fari (to speak) and English ban.

G4518

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: sah-bakh-THAH-nei

Translations: you have forsaken, you abandoned

Notes: This word is a transliteration of an Aramaic verb, meaning 'you have forsaken' or 'you have abandoned'. It is famously quoted by Jesus on the cross in the Gospels, as part of the phrase 'My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?' It is used to express a feeling of abandonment or being left alone.

Inflection: Second Person Singular, Perfect Tense, Active Voice, Indicative Mood

Etymology: This word is a transliteration of the Aramaic verb 'šəḇaqtani' (שְׁבַקְתַּנִי), meaning 'you have forsaken me'. It is a compound of the verb 'šəḇaq' (to leave, abandon) and the second person singular suffix '-tani' (you me).

G3778

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TOOT

Translations: this, that, this one, that one, of this, of that, to this, to that

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the demonstrative pronoun and adjective 'οὗτος' (houtos), meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something specific, either nearby or previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it can stand alone, referring to a person or thing. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, agreeing with it in gender, number, and case. Its meaning can shift slightly depending on the context, often emphasizing proximity or a specific reference.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

G2476

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ess-TAY-koh-tohn

Translations: of having stood, of standing, of having been appointed, of being appointed, of having been established, of being established

Notes: This word is a perfect active participle, meaning 'having stood' or 'having been appointed/established'. It describes a state of having taken a stand or having been set in place. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, modifying a noun, and can also be used substantively (as a noun) to refer to 'those who have stood' or 'those who are standing'. In this genitive plural form, it would typically be translated as 'of those who have stood' or 'of those who are standing'.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΜΕΝΟΝΤΩΝ, ΕΣΤΩΤΩΝ, ΚΑΘΕΣΤΗΚΟΤΩΝ

G5455

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: foh-NEH-ee

Translations: he calls, she calls, it calls, he speaks, she speaks, it speaks, he sounds, she sounds, it sounds

Notes: This word means to utter a sound, to speak, or to call out. It is often used to describe the act of making a vocal sound, whether it's a human voice, an animal's cry, or the sound of an instrument. It can be used in contexts where someone is calling to another person, speaking a word, or making a sound.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΚΡΑΖΩ, ΒΟΑΩ

Etymology: The word ΦΩΝΕΩ (phōneō) comes from the noun ΦΩΝΗ (phōnē), meaning 'sound' or 'voice'.

G5143

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: drah-MOHN

Translations: running, having run, ran

Notes: ΔΡΑΜΩΝ is the aorist active participle of the verb ΤΡΕΧΩ, meaning 'to run'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action performed by the subject. It can be translated as 'running' or 'having run', indicating an action completed in the past relative to the main verb. For example, 'he, having run, arrived'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist Active Participle

Synonyms: ΘΕΩ, ΔΙΩΚΩ

Etymology: The verb ΤΡΕΧΩ comes from Proto-Indo-European *dregʰ-, meaning 'to run'.

G5037

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle

Sounds like: TEH

Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.

G4060

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: peh-ree-THEYS

Translations: putting around, placing around, surrounding, clothing, crowning, putting on, laying on

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition περί (peri), meaning 'around' or 'about', and the verb τίθημι (tithēmi), meaning 'to put' or 'to place'. As a participle, it describes an action of putting or placing something around another object or person. It can refer to physically encircling, clothing, or even metaphorically bestowing something upon someone, such as a crown or honor.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine or Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΠΕΡΙΚΑΛΥΠΤΩ, ΠΕΡΙΚΕΙΜΑΙ

G2563

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ka-la-MOH

Translations: (to) a reed, (to) a stalk, (to) a cane, (to) a measuring rod, (to) a pen

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the noun 'ΚΑΛΑΜΟΣ' (kalamos), meaning 'reed', 'stalk', 'cane', 'measuring rod', or 'pen'. It indicates the indirect object of an action, signifying 'to' or 'for' a reed/stalk/etc. For example, it could be used in a phrase like 'he wrote with a reed' (where 'with a reed' implies 'to/for a reed' in the Greek dative case). It can refer to a plant, a tool for measurement, or an instrument for writing.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΟΚΟΣ, ΡΑΒΔΟΣ, ΞΥΛΟΝ

Etymology: The word 'ΚΑΛΑΜΟΣ' is of Semitic origin, likely borrowed into Greek from a word related to 'qaneh' in Hebrew, meaning 'reed' or 'stalk'. It refers to the hollow stem of a plant, particularly a reed or cane.

G3062

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: LOY-poy

Translations: the rest, the remaining, the others, the leftover

Notes: This word refers to what is left over or remaining from a group or quantity. It can function as an adjective, modifying a noun to indicate the 'remaining' ones, or as a substantive noun, meaning 'the rest' or 'the others'. It is often used to distinguish a particular group from the remainder.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΛΟΙΠΟΙ, ΥΠΟΛΟΙΠΟΙ

Etymology: From the verb λείπω (leípō), meaning 'to leave' or 'to remain'.

G2896

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: KRAX-as

Translations: crying out, having cried out, shouting, having shouted, calling out, having called out

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'krazō', meaning 'to cry out' or 'to shout'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred or is completed. It often indicates the manner or time of another action, such as 'having cried out, he said...' or 'crying out, he fell'. It implies a loud, often urgent, vocalization.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist Active Participle

Synonyms: ΒΟΑΩ, ΦΩΝΕΩ, ΑΝΑΚΡΑΖΩ

Etymology: The verb 'krazō' is of imitative origin, mimicking the sound of a cry or shout. It is related to similar words in other Indo-European languages that convey the idea of a loud, harsh sound.

G0863

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-FEE-ken

Translations: he sent away, he let go, he left, he forgave, he permitted

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to send away,' 'to let go,' 'to leave,' 'to forgive,' or 'to permit.' It describes an action of releasing, abandoning, or granting permission. Its specific meaning often depends on the context in which it is used.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΥΩ, ΕΑΩ, ΣΥΓΧΩΡΕΩ

Etymology: The word ἀφίημι is a compound word formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from,' and the verb ἵημι (hiēmi), meaning 'to send' or 'to throw.' Thus, its core meaning is 'to send away' or 'to let go from.'

G4151

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PNEV-mah

Translations: spirit, a spirit, wind, a wind, breath, a breath

Notes: This word refers to 'spirit,' 'wind,' or 'breath.' In a physical sense, it can mean a gust of wind or the act of breathing. Theologically, it often refers to the Holy Spirit, a spiritual being, or the human spirit. It is a neuter noun and its meaning can vary depending on the context, from a literal breeze to a divine essence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΝΕΜΟΣ, ΠΝΟΗ

Etymology: The word ΠΝΕΥΜΑ derives from the verb πνέω (pneō), meaning 'to breathe,' 'to blow,' or 'to gasp.' It refers to something that is breathed or blown.

G2665

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kah-tah-PEH-tahs-mah

Translations: veil, a veil, curtain, a curtain

Notes: This word refers to a veil or curtain, often a large and thick one. In biblical contexts, it specifically denotes the curtain that separated the Holy Place from the Most Holy Place in the Tabernacle and the Temple, or the curtain at the entrance of the Tabernacle. It is used to describe a physical barrier that conceals or divides.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΑΣΚΗΝΙΟΝ, ΠΑΡΑΠΕΤΑΣΜΑ

Etymology: This word is a compound word formed from the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb ΠΕΤΑΣΜΑ (petasma), meaning 'something spread out' or 'a covering'. It describes something spread out or hung down, hence a curtain or veil.

G3485

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: NAH-oo

Translations: of a temple, of the temple, to a temple, to the temple, temples

Notes: This word refers to a temple or a sanctuary, specifically the inner part of a temple where the deity was worshipped. It can also refer to the entire sacred edifice. In the provided examples, it appears in the genitive singular (of the temple) and the nominative/accusative plural (temples).

Inflection: Singular, Genitive or Dative; or Plural, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative; Masculine

Synonyms: ΙΕΡΟΝ, ΝΕΩΣ

Etymology: The word ΝΑΟΣ (naos) is of uncertain origin, possibly from a root meaning 'to dwell' or 'to inhabit'. It refers to a dwelling place, particularly of a god.

G0509

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: AH-noh-then

Translations: from above, from the top, again, anew, from the beginning

Notes: This word is an adverb that can have both a spatial and a temporal meaning. Spatially, it means 'from above' or 'from the top,' indicating origin or direction from a higher place. Temporally, it means 'again,' 'anew,' or 'from the beginning,' indicating a repetition or a fresh start. Its specific meaning often depends on the context of the sentence.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΑΛΙΝ, ἘΚ ΠΡΩΤΗΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΝΩΘΕΝ is formed from the adverb ἄνω (anō), meaning 'upwards' or 'above,' combined with the suffix -θεν (-then), which indicates origin or direction 'from' a place. Thus, it literally means 'from above' or 'from an upper place,' and by extension, 'from the beginning' or 'again'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Interjection, Prefix, Numeral

Sounds like: AI

Translations: the, who, which, alas, oh, 11

Notes: The word 'ΑΙ' can function in several ways in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it is the feminine nominative plural form of the definite article, meaning 'the' (referring to multiple feminine nouns). It can also be the feminine nominative plural form of the relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which'. Less frequently, it can be an interjection expressing sorrow or pain, similar to 'alas' or 'oh'. It can also appear as a prefix in compound words. Additionally, 'ΑΙ' can represent the number 11 when used as a numerical symbol (alpha-iota). It is also possible for 'ΑΙ' to be an elision or contraction of other words, such as 'ἀεί' (always) or 'ἄγε' (come on!), though this is less common in the New Testament.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Plural (for article and pronoun); Does not inflect (for interjection, prefix, and numeral)

Etymology: The origin of 'ΑΙ' as a definite article and relative pronoun is from Proto-Indo-European. Its use as an interjection is onomatopoeic.

G3419

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: mnee-MEH-yah

Translations: tombs, monuments, memorials, sepulchers, graves

Notes: This word refers to a monument, memorial, or tomb, often a place where a deceased person is buried or commemorated. It is typically a structure built to preserve the memory of a person or event. It is used in the plural form in the provided text.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΤΑΦΟΣ, ΜΝΗΜΑ

Etymology: The word ΜΝΗΜΕΙΟΝ (mnēmeion) comes from μνήμη (mnēmē), meaning 'memory' or 'remembrance'. It is related to the verb μιμνήσκω (mimnēskō), 'to remind' or 'to remember'.

G0455

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: an-eh-OKH-thee-san

Translations: they were opened, they opened

Notes: This word is the third person plural aorist passive indicative form of the verb 'to open'. It describes an action that happened in the past, completed at a specific point, and where the subject of the verb is the one being acted upon (i.e., they were opened by someone or something else). It is often used to describe things like doors, books, or heavens being opened.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Passive, Indicative

Synonyms: ΑΝΟΙΓΩ, ΔΙΑΝΟΙΓΩ, ΕΚΠΕΤΑΣΝΥΜΙ

G2837

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: keh-koy-MEE-may-non

Translations: of those who have fallen asleep, of those who have died, of the dead

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'of those who have been put to sleep' or, more commonly in a biblical context, 'of those who have died' or 'of the dead'. It refers to individuals who have passed away, often with the connotation of a peaceful rest, awaiting resurrection. It is used to describe a state of having fallen asleep or died in the past, with the results continuing into the present.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter, Perfect Passive Participle

Synonyms: ΝΕΚΡΩΝ, ΤΕΘΝΗΚΟΤΩΝ

Etymology: The word κοιμάω (koimaō) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *kei- meaning 'to lie down' or 'to settle'. It is related to words like 'cemetery' (from Greek koimētērion, 'sleeping place').

G0040

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: hah-GHEE-ohn

Translations: of holy ones, of saints, of holy things

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'hagios', meaning 'holy' or 'sacred'. When used substantively, it refers to 'holy ones' or 'saints'. It describes something belonging to or associated with those who are set apart for God or dedicated to a sacred purpose. In a sentence, it would indicate possession or origin, such as 'the words of the holy ones' or 'the temple of holy things'.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΥΣΕΒΩΝ, ΟΣΙΩΝ, ΚΑΘΑΡΩΝ

G1525

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eis-EL-thon

Translations: they entered, they came in, they went in

Notes: This word is the aorist form of the verb 'to enter' or 'to come in'. It describes an action of moving into a place or situation that occurred in the past. It is used to indicate that a group of people or things performed the action of entering.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΥΠΑΓΩ

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΕἸΣ (eis), meaning 'into' or 'to', and the verb ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ itself comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to move'.

G4172

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: POH-lin

Translations: city, a city

Notes: The word 'πόλιν' is the accusative singular form of the noun 'πόλις', meaning 'city'. It refers to a populated place, typically larger than a village, with a defined administrative structure. As an accusative case, it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions, indicating the destination or the object being acted upon. For example, one might 'go into the city' or 'see the city'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The word 'πόλις' comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to a fortified place or citadel. It developed to mean a city-state in ancient Greece, encompassing both the physical settlement and its citizens.

G1543

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: heh-kah-ton-TAR-khays

Translations: centurion, a centurion

Notes: This is a compound word meaning 'commander of a hundred'. It refers to a Roman military officer in charge of a century, which typically consisted of 80 to 100 soldiers. The centurion was a highly respected and experienced soldier, responsible for training and leading his men in battle.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΚΑΤΟΝΤΑΡΧΟΣ, ΚΕΝΤΥΡΙΩΝ

Etymology: The word is a compound of two Greek words: ΕΚΑΤΟΝ (hekaton), meaning 'one hundred', and ΑΡΧΩ (archō), meaning 'to rule' or 'to command'. Thus, it literally means 'ruler of a hundred'.

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, after, among, behind, by, in company with, in pursuit of, according to

Notes: This word is a preposition that can also function as an adverb. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it usually means 'after' or 'behind' (indicating sequence or pursuit). It can also denote a change of state or position.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases)

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'μετά' (meta) comes from Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is related to English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G5083

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: tay-ROON-tes

Translations: keeping, observing, guarding, watching, preserving, a keeper, an observer, a guard, a watcher

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'keeping' or 'observing'. It describes an ongoing action of holding onto something, watching over it, or adhering to a command or law. It can function adjectivally, describing someone who is performing the action, or adverbially, indicating the manner of an action. For example, 'the ones keeping' or 'while keeping'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΦΥΛΑΣΣΟΝΤΕΣ, ΠΑΡΑΤΗΡΟΥΝΤΕΣ, ΕΧΟΝΤΕΣ

G5399

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-fo-BEE-thay-san

Translations: they feared, they were afraid

Notes: This word means 'they feared' or 'they were afraid'. It describes an action of experiencing fear or being struck with terror, performed by a group of people in the past. It is often used to describe a strong emotional reaction to something awe-inspiring or dangerous.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΔΕΙΔΩ, ΤΡΕΜΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek φόβος (phobos, “fear”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰegʷ- (“to flee”).

G3113

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: MA-kro-THEN

Translations: from afar, from a distance, far off

Notes: This word is an adverb indicating distance, meaning 'from afar' or 'from a distance'. It describes an action or state that originates from a distant point or occurs at a significant remove. It can be used to describe someone seeing something from far away, or an event happening at a distance.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΟΡΡΩ, ΤΗΛΕ

Etymology: Derived from the adjective ΜΑΚΡΟΣ (makros), meaning 'long' or 'far'. The suffix -θεν indicates origin or direction 'from'.

G2334

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: theh-oh-ROO-sai

Translations: seeing, beholding, observing, gazing, looking on

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'seeing' or 'beholding'. It describes an ongoing action of observing or looking at something. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, modifying a noun (in this case, feminine plural nouns like 'women') while also carrying verbal force, indicating an action they are performing.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Plural, Feminine

Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΟΥΣΑΙ, ΟΡΩΣΑΙ, ΣΚΟΠΟΥΣΑΙ

G1247

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: dee-ah-koh-NOO-sai

Translations: serving, ministering, attending to, providing for, those serving, those ministering

Notes: This word is a present active participle, feminine plural, meaning 'serving' or 'ministering'. It describes an ongoing action of service or attendance. It is often used to describe someone who is actively providing help, care, or support to another person or group, or managing affairs. In the provided context, it refers to women who were serving Jesus.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Feminine, Plural

Synonyms: ΥΠΗΡΕΤΕΩ, ΛΕΙΤΟΥΡΓΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΔΙΑΚΟΝΕΩ (diakoneō) comes from ΔΙΑΚΟΝΟΣ (diakonos), meaning 'servant' or 'minister'. The prefix διά (dia) means 'through' or 'across', and the root κόνις (konis) means 'dust', possibly referring to raising dust while running errands. Thus, it originally conveyed the idea of running on errands or serving at tables.

G3137

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: mah-REE-ah

Translations: Mary

Notes: This is a proper noun referring to the name Mary. In the New Testament, it is the name of several prominent women, most notably Mary, the mother of Jesus, and Mary Magdalene. It is used to identify a specific individual.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Etymology: The name Mary is derived from the Hebrew name Miryam (מִרְיָם), which is of uncertain meaning but possibly related to 'bitterness' or 'rebellion', or alternatively, 'beloved' or 'sea of bitterness'. It came into Greek as Mariam and Maria.

G3094

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: Mag-da-lay-NAY

Translations: Magdalene, Mary Magdalene

Notes: This is a proper noun referring to Mary Magdalene, a prominent figure in the New Testament. She is often identified as a follower of Jesus and is mentioned as being present at his crucifixion and as the first witness to his resurrection. It is used to specify 'Mary who is from Magdala' or 'Mary the Magdalene'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Etymology: The word is derived from the Hebrew/Aramaic place name Magdala, meaning 'tower' or 'fortress'. It designates a person from the town of Magdala, located on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee.

G2384

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-ah-KO-boo

Translations: of Jacob

Notes: This is the genitive form of the proper noun 'Jacob'. Jacob is a significant figure in the Old Testament, one of the patriarchs of Israel, whose name was later changed to Israel. The word is used to indicate possession or origin, meaning 'belonging to Jacob' or 'from Jacob'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: The name 'Jacob' is of Hebrew origin, from the Hebrew name Ya'akov (יַעֲקֹב), meaning 'supplanter' or 'he grasps the heel'. It is a common name in biblical texts.

G0444

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: AN-throh-poss

Translations: man, a man, human being, a human being, person, a person

Notes: This word refers to a human being, encompassing both male and female individuals. It is used broadly to denote mankind in general, or a specific person, often in contrast to God or animals. It can be used in various contexts to refer to any member of the human race.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΝΗΡ, ΒΡΟΤΟΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀνθρώπος (anthrōpos), its origin is uncertain but possibly related to ἀνήρ (anēr, 'man') and ὤψ (ōps, 'eye, face'), or from a pre-Greek substrate.

G4145

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PLOO-see-oss

Translations: rich, wealthy, abounding, opulent

Notes: This word describes someone or something that possesses great wealth or an abundance of resources. It can refer to material riches, but also metaphorically to being rich in other qualities, such as faith or good works. It is used to modify nouns, indicating a characteristic of the noun.

Inflection: Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΥΠΟΡΟΣ, ΕΥΠΛΟΥΤΟΣ

Etymology: From πλοῦτος (ploutos, "wealth"). The word is derived from an ancient Greek root meaning 'to flow' or 'to overflow', suggesting an abundance.

G3686

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: too-NO-mah

Translations: the name, a name

Notes: This word is a crasis (a contraction of two words into one) of the definite article "τὸ" (to, meaning 'the') and the noun "ὄνομα" (onoma, meaning 'name'). It means "the name" and functions as a singular, neuter noun, typically in the nominative or accusative case. It is used to refer to a specific name or reputation.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter (crasis of the definite article and noun)

Etymology: The word ὄνομα (onoma) comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words for 'name' in many other Indo-European languages.

G3739

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Conjunction

Sounds like: HOS

Translations: who, which, what, that, as, how, when

Notes: The word 'ΟΣ' is a versatile relative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'who,' 'which,' or 'that,' depending on the context and the gender, number, and case it agrees with. It introduces a relative clause, linking it to a preceding noun or pronoun. It can also function as a conjunction, meaning 'as,' 'how,' or 'when,' indicating manner or time.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Etymology: The word 'ΟΣ' is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has been a fundamental part of the Greek language's grammatical structure for millennia, serving to connect clauses and introduce relative information.

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOS

Translations: he, she, it, they, him, her, it, them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, same, very

Notes: ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is a versatile word in Koine Greek. As a third-person pronoun, it translates to 'he, she, it' or 'they' in the nominative case, and 'him, her, it' or 'them' in other cases. When used intensively, often in the nominative or immediately following the noun, it means 'himself, herself, itself, themselves' or 'even, very'. When used as an adjective with the definite article (e.g., 'ὁ αὐτὸς'), it means 'the same'. Its meaning depends on its grammatical function and position in the sentence.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΣ, ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a pronominal stem *au- or *aw-.

G3100

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-mah-thay-TEV-thay

Translations: was discipled, was made a disciple, was taught, became a disciple

Notes: This word is the aorist passive form of the verb 'μαθητεύω' (mathēteuō), meaning 'to be discipled' or 'to be taught'. It describes the action of someone becoming or being made a disciple, often implying a process of learning and following a teacher. It is used to indicate that a person was instructed or became a follower of someone.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΑΣΚΩ, ΕΚΜΑΝΘΑΝΩ

G4334

Part of Speech: Participle, Verb

Sounds like: pros-EL-thohn

Translations: having come to, approaching, having approached, coming near

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having come to' or 'having approached'. It describes an action that happened prior to the main verb of the sentence. It is often used to indicate someone drawing near to a person or place, or coming forward to do something.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΕΛΘΩΝ, ΕΓΓΙΣΑΣ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΣΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΠΡΟΣ (pros), meaning 'to' or 'toward', and the verb ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'.

G4983

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: SOH-mah

Translations: body, a body, flesh, a slave

Notes: This word refers to the physical body of a human or animal, or a physical object. It can also metaphorically refer to a group of people or a community, or even to the substance of something. In some contexts, it can refer to a slave or servant, as a 'body' belonging to another.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΣΑΡΞ, ΧΡΩΣ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain. It is possibly derived from the verb σῴζω (sōizō), meaning 'to save' or 'to preserve', implying something that is kept or preserved.

G1794

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: en-eh-too-LIX-en

Translations: he wrapped up, she wrapped up, it wrapped up, he enfolded, she enfolded, it enfolded

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to wrap up' or 'to enfold'. It describes the action of covering something completely by folding material around it. It is a compound word formed from the preposition 'ἐν' (en), meaning 'in' or 'into', and the verb 'τυλίσσω' (tylissō), meaning 'to roll' or 'to wrap'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΕΤΥΛΙΞΕΝ, ΣΥΝΕΤΥΛΙΞΕΝ

G2513

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ka-tha-RAH

Translations: clean, pure, clear, innocent, holy

Notes: This word describes something that is clean, pure, or free from defilement, whether physical, moral, or ritual. It can refer to a person who is innocent or blameless, or an object that is ceremonially pure. It is often used to describe a state of being unmixed or uncorrupted. In the provided examples, it describes a person as innocent of sin and a turban as clean or pure.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΓΝΟΣ, ΑΜΙΑΝΤΟΣ, ΑΜΟΛΥΝΤΟΣ

G2537

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-ee-NOH

Translations: to innovate, to renew, to make new, to invent, to introduce

Notes: This verb means to make something new, to innovate, or to renew. It can also imply the act of inventing or introducing something that did not exist before. It is used to describe the process of bringing something into a fresh or novel state.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, First Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΚΑΙΝΙΖΩ, ΝΕΟΩ

Etymology: From the adjective καινός (kainos), meaning 'new' or 'fresh'. It refers to something new in quality, as opposed to νέος (neos) which refers to something new in time.

G4073

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PEH-trah

Translations: rock, a rock, stone, a stone

Notes: This word refers to a large mass of stone, a rock, or a cliff. It is a feminine noun and can be used to describe a literal geological formation or metaphorically as a foundation or source of strength. It is often used in contexts referring to solid ground or a place of refuge.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΛΙΘΟΣ, ΒΡΑΧΟΣ

Etymology: From an uncertain root, possibly related to πίσος (písos, 'pea, pebble'). It refers to a large stone or rock, distinct from λίθος (líthos) which can refer to a smaller stone or pebble.

G4351

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pros-koo-LEE-sas

Translations: having rolled to, having rolled against, having rolled up to

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having rolled to' or 'having rolled against'. It describes an action that was completed in the past, often indicating the means or attendant circumstances of another action. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ΠΡΟΣ (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and the verb ΚΥΛΙΩ (kylio), meaning 'to roll'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Singular, Masculine, Nominative

Synonyms: ΚΥΛΙΩ, ΑΠΟΚΥΛΙΩ

G3419

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: mnay-MEH-oo

Translations: of a tomb, of a monument, of a memorial, of a sepulchre

Notes: This word refers to a place of remembrance, such as a tomb, monument, or memorial. It is often used to denote a burial place or a structure erected to commemorate a person or event. It can be used in sentences like 'They went to the monument' or 'The inscription on the tomb was ancient.'

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΤΑΦΟΣ, ΜΝΗΜΑ, ΤΥΜΒΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΜΝΗΜΕΙΟΝ (mnēmeion) comes from μνῆμα (mnēma), meaning 'memorial' or 'remembrance', which itself is derived from μιμνήσκω (mimnēskō), meaning 'to remind' or 'to remember'.

G0565

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ap-EEL-then

Translations: he went away, he departed, he left

Notes: This is a compound verb meaning 'to go away' or 'to depart'. It is formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. It describes an action of moving from one place to another, specifically moving away from a point of reference. It is often used to indicate a final departure or a permanent leaving.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΥΠΑΓΩ, ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ

G240

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: AL-lay

Translations: another, other, a different one

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the adjective 'ἈΛΛΟΣ', meaning 'another' or 'other'. It is used to refer to a distinct or different entity from one already mentioned or implied. In the provided examples, it appears as part of the reciprocal pronoun 'ἀλλήλων' (one another), but 'ἈΛΛΗ' itself, when standing alone, refers to a feminine singular 'other' or 'another'.

Inflection: Singular, Feminine, Nominative or Vocative or Dative

Synonyms: ἙΤΕΡΟΣ

G2521

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: kah-thee-MEH-nai

Translations: sitting, seated, dwelling

Notes: This word is a present participle, meaning 'sitting' or 'seated'. It describes someone or something that is in a sitting position or has taken a seat. It can also imply dwelling or residing in a place. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun.

Inflection: Present, Participle, Nominative, Plural, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΑΘΗΜΕΝΟΣ, ΚΑΘΕΖΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΘΗΜΑΙ is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (KATA), meaning 'down', and the verb ΗΜΑΙ (HEMAI), meaning 'to sit'. Thus, it literally means 'to sit down'.

G3748

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: HEE-tis

Translations: who, which, whoever, whichever, whatever

Notes: ΗΤΙΣ is a relative pronoun, used to introduce a clause that describes a preceding noun. It is a compound word formed from the definite article and the indefinite pronoun. It functions similarly to 'who' or 'which' in English, often providing additional information about a person or thing. It is used in a descriptive sense, often emphasizing the quality or characteristic of the antecedent.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΣ, ΟΣΤΙΣ

Etymology: This word is a compound of the feminine definite article 'ἡ' (he) and the indefinite pronoun 'τις' (tis). It developed in Koine Greek to provide a more emphatic or descriptive relative pronoun than the simple 'ὅς' (hos).

G4863

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-EEKH-theh-san

Translations: they were gathered, they assembled, they came together

Notes: This is a compound verb meaning to be gathered together or to assemble. It describes a group of people coming together in one place, often for a specific purpose or in response to an event. It is formed from the preposition σύν (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ἄγω (agō), meaning 'to lead' or 'to bring'.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΣΥΝΕΡΧΟΝΤΑΙ, ΣΥΝΕΛΘΟΝΤΕΣ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition σύν (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ἄγω (agō), meaning 'to lead' or 'to bring'. It describes the action of bringing or leading things or people together.

G5330

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: fah-ree-SAI-oy

Translations: Pharisees

Notes: The Pharisees were a prominent Jewish religious and political party or school of thought in ancient Judea during the Second Temple period. They emphasized strict adherence to the Mosaic Law and oral traditions, often contrasting with the Sadducees. They were influential among the common people and are frequently mentioned in the New Testament.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The word "Pharisee" comes from the Aramaic word "perishaya," meaning "separated ones." This likely refers to their separation from ritual impurity or from other Jewish groups.

G4108

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: PLAH-nos

Translations: deceiving, misleading, a deceiver, an imposter, a seducer

Notes: This word describes someone or something that leads others astray, causes them to wander, or deceives them. As an adjective, it means 'deceiving' or 'misleading'. As a noun, it refers to a 'deceiver' or 'imposter', someone who deliberately misleads others, often with malicious intent. It is used to describe false teachers or those who spread error.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (as a noun); Masculine, Plural, Nominative (as a noun); Masculine, Singular, Nominative (as an adjective)

Synonyms: ΑΠΑΤΕΩΝ, ΓΟΗΣ

Etymology: The word comes from the verb πλανάω (planaō), meaning 'to wander' or 'to lead astray'. It is related to the idea of being led off the correct path.

G2198

Part of Speech: Verb, Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ZOHN

Translations: living, alive, a living one, the living one

Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'ζάω' (zaō), meaning 'to live'. It describes someone or something that is currently living or alive. It can function as an adjective, modifying a noun (e.g., 'the living God'), or as a noun itself, referring to 'a living one' or 'the living one'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΕΜΨΥΧΟΣ, ΕΝΕΡΓΗΣ

Etymology: The word 'ζάω' (zaō) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to live'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that also refer to life or living.

G1453

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-GAY-roh-my

Translations: I am raised, I am awakened, I rise, I wake up

Notes: This word means to be raised, awakened, or to rise. It is often used in the context of rising from sleep, from a seated or lying position, or, significantly, from the dead (resurrection). As a middle or passive voice verb, it can mean 'I am raised' (by someone else) or 'I raise myself/I rise'.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle or Passive, First Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΝΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ, ΕΞΕΓΕΙΡΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΕΓΕΙΡΩ comes from an ancient root meaning 'to rouse, to awaken'. It is related to the idea of stirring or lifting something up.

G0794

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: as-fa-LI-sthai

Translations: to be secured, to be made safe, to be guarded, to be made firm, to be certain

Notes: This word is an infinitive form of the verb meaning 'to make safe' or 'to secure'. In its passive form, it means 'to be made safe' or 'to be secured'. It can refer to physically securing a place or object, or to making something certain and reliable.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΒΕΒΑΙΟΩ, ΣΤΗΡΙΖΩ

Etymology: The word comes from the Greek adjective ἀσφαλής (asphalēs), meaning 'safe, secure, firm', which is derived from α- (a-, 'not') and σφάλλω (sphallō, 'to cause to fall, to stumble'). Thus, it literally means 'not falling' or 'unfailing'.

G3379

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: MAY-po-teh

Translations: lest, perhaps, never, at any time, by no means

Notes: ΜΗΠΟΤΕ is a compound adverb formed from the negative particle ΜΗ (mē) and the indefinite adverb ΠΟΤΕ (pote). It is used to express a negative possibility, a fear that something might happen, or a rhetorical question implying a negative answer. Depending on the context, it can be translated as 'lest,' 'perhaps,' 'never,' or 'at any time.' It often introduces a clause expressing a feared outcome or a possibility that is being denied.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΗΠΩΣ, ΜΗ

Etymology: This word is a compound of the negative particle ΜΗ (mē), meaning 'not,' and the indefinite adverb ΠΟΤΕ (pote), meaning 'at some time' or 'ever.'

G2992

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: lah-OH

Translations: people, a people, nation, a nation

Notes: This word refers to a people, a nation, or a multitude of individuals, often used in the context of a specific group or community, such as the people of Israel or the people of God. It can be used to describe a general populace or a distinct ethnic or national group.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΘΝΟΣ, ΟΧΛΟΣ

Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to λᾶς (lās, "stone"), referring to people as "stones" or "foundations." It is also suggested to be from Proto-Indo-European *leh₂w- ("people, army").

G3498

Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: NEK-ron

Translations: of the dead, of dead ones

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of 'ΝΕΚΡΟΣ', meaning 'dead' or 'a dead person'. It is used to indicate possession or relationship, often translated as 'of the dead' or 'belonging to the dead'. It can refer to deceased individuals collectively or to the state of being dead.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΤΕΘΝΕΩΤΩΝ, ΑΠΟΘΑΝΟΝΤΩΝ

Etymology: From an ancient root meaning 'to lie down' or 'to be still', related to the idea of a corpse or something lifeless.

G5613

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G4198

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: por-yoo-THEN-tes

Translations: having gone, going, went, departed

Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle, meaning 'having gone' or 'having departed'. It describes an action that has been completed before the main verb of the sentence. It is often used to indicate the manner or circumstance of the main action, functioning similarly to an adverbial clause in English. For example, 'Having gone, they advised him' or 'They went and advised him'.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΥΠΑΓΩ, ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

G0782