2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: A-ree

Translations: he takes, she takes, it takes, he lifts, she lifts, it lifts, he carries, she carries, it carries, he removes, she removes, it removes

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to take, lift, carry, or remove. It is used to describe an action where something is picked up, carried away, or taken possession of. Its meaning can vary depending on the context, often implying either a physical act of lifting or a more abstract act of taking away or choosing.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΦΕΡΩ, ΑΠΑΙΡΩ

G1161

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G2541

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: KAI-sar

Translations: Caesar

Notes: This word refers to Caesar, a title used by Roman emperors. It is derived from the family name of Julius Caesar and was adopted by subsequent emperors as a title of imperial authority. It is used in the New Testament to refer to the reigning Roman emperor.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The word "ΚΑΙΣΑΡ" is a transliteration of the Latin name "Caesar," which was originally the cognomen of a branch of the gens Julia, most famously Gaius Julius Caesar. After his death, his adopted son Octavian (Augustus) used it as part of his title, and it subsequently became a title for Roman emperors.

G3778

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOW-tay

Translations: of this, to this, by this, with this, this

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the demonstrative pronoun 'οὗτος' (houtos), meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something specific that is near the speaker or has just been mentioned. As a feminine singular form, it can function as either a genitive case, indicating possession or origin (e.g., 'of this woman'), or a dative case, indicating indirect object or means (e.g., 'to this woman' or 'by means of this'). Its precise meaning depends on the context and the preposition it might be used with.

Inflection: Feminine, Singular, Genitive or Dative

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΗ, ΕΚΕΙΝΗ

Etymology: The word 'οὗτος' (houtos), from which 'ταύτῃ' is derived, is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek. It is believed to have originated from a combination of the definite article and a pronominal stem, indicating proximity or reference to something previously mentioned.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G3326, G3588

Part of Speech: Preposition, Article

Sounds like: MEH-tah-TOH

Translations: after the, with the, behind the

Notes: This is a compound phrase formed by the preposition ΜΕΤΑ (meta), meaning 'after' or 'with', and the definite article ΤΟ (to), meaning 'the'. When used together, it typically means 'after the' or 'with the', depending on the case of the following noun. For example, if ΜΕΤΑ is followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with'; if followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after'.

Inflection: ΜΕΤΑ does not inflect. ΤΟ is Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative.

G4413

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: PRO-ton

Translations: first, foremost, chief, principal, a first thing, before, at the first, in the first place

Notes: This word means 'first' in terms of order, time, importance, or rank. As an adjective, it describes something as being the first of its kind or in a sequence. As an adverb, it indicates something happening initially or in the first instance. It can also refer to the chief or most important person or thing.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΗ, ΠΡΩΤΙΣΤΟΣ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'πρῶτος' (prōtos) is a superlative form derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pro- meaning 'forward, before'. It is related to the Greek preposition 'πρό' (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of'.

G2532

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G5343

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: fy-GON-ton

Translations: of those who fled, of those who escaped, of those who were banished

Notes: This word is a genitive plural participle derived from the verb 'to flee' or 'to escape'. It describes the action of fleeing or escaping, and in this form, it refers to 'those who have fled' or 'those who have escaped'. It is often used to indicate possession or origin, as in 'the possessions of those who fled'. It can also imply banishment or exile.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Genitive, Plural

Synonyms: ΔΙΩΚΟΝΤΩΝ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΡΑΣΚΟΝΤΩΝ

G0575

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: AP

Translations: from, away from, of, by, with, after, since

Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'ἀπό' (apo), which means 'from' or 'away from'. It is commonly used to indicate separation, origin, or cause. It can also function as a prefix in compound words, carrying a similar sense of separation or completion. When used as a preposition, it typically takes the genitive case. The apostrophe indicates that the final vowel (omicron) has been dropped because the next word begins with a vowel.

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition); functions as a prefix in compound words

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: The Greek preposition 'ἀπό' (apo) comes from Proto-Indo-European *apo-, meaning 'off, away'.

G3928, G3326

Part of Speech: Verb, Preposition

Sounds like: par-ER-kheh-tai meh-TAH

Translations: he passes by with, he passes away with, he comes with, he goes with

Notes: This is a compound phrase formed by the verb 'παρέρχεται' (parerchetai) and the preposition 'μετά' (meta). 'Παρέρχεται' means 'he/she/it passes by,' 'passes away,' 'comes,' or 'goes.' 'Μετά' means 'with' when followed by a genitive case, or 'after' when followed by an accusative case. In this context, it likely means 'he/she/it passes by/comes/goes with' something or someone. The two words are written together here, which is unusual for Koine Greek, suggesting it might be a scribal error or a very close association in meaning.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive (for παρέρχεται); Does not inflect (for μετά)

G5505

Part of Speech: Numeral

Sounds like: khee-LEE-ohn

Translations: of a thousand, of thousands

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the numeral 'thousand'. It is used to indicate possession or origin related to a quantity of one thousand, or simply 'of thousands'. For example, it could be used in phrases like 'the strength of a thousand men' or 'from thousands of years'.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders

Etymology: The word 'χίλιοι' (chilioi) comes from the Ancient Greek 'χίλιοι' (khílioi), meaning 'thousand'. Its ultimate origin is uncertain, but it is believed to be pre-Greek or from an unknown source.

G3696

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: HOP-lee-tohn

Translations: of hoplites, of soldiers, of armed men

Notes: This word refers to 'hoplites,' who were heavily armed foot soldiers in ancient Greece. It is used to describe a group or collection of such soldiers, often in the context of their possessions or actions, as indicated by its genitive case.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΤΡΑΤΙΩΤΩΝ, ΜΑΧΗΤΩΝ

Etymology: The word ΟΠΛΙΤΗΣ (hoplites) is derived from ὅπλον (hoplon), meaning 'armor' or 'weapon.' It refers to a soldier equipped with such armor.

G4012

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

G2522

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: KAH-tho

Translations: according as, inasmuch as, just as, as, according to

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'according as' or 'inasmuch as'. It is used to introduce a clause that specifies the manner or extent to which something is true or done. It often implies a correspondence or conformity to something previously stated or understood.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΑΠΕΡ

Etymology: ΚΑΘΟ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (kata), meaning 'down' or 'according to', and the relative pronoun Ο (ho), meaning 'who' or 'which'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G5037

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle

Sounds like: TEH

Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.

G5475

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: khal-KAY-ah

Translations: of bronze, bronze, brazen, copper, coppery, smithery, bronze-work, a bronze-work

Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'made of bronze' or 'brazen', describing something that is like bronze in material or quality. It can also be a noun referring to 'bronze-work' or 'smithery', the craft or products made from bronze. In the provided examples, it is used adjectivally to describe body parts as being 'brazen' or 'of bronze', implying strength or hardness.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine (as a noun); or Plural, Nominative, Feminine (as an adjective); or Singular, Nominative, Neuter (as an adjective); or Singular, Accusative, Neuter (as an adjective)

Synonyms: ΟΡΕΙΧΑΛΚΟΣ, ΚΟΠΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΧΑΛΚΕΙΑ is derived from the Greek word ΧΑΛΚΟΣ (chalkos), meaning 'copper' or 'bronze'. It refers to something made of or pertaining to this metal.

G4314

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G2658

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-teh-TEI-non

Translations: they stretched out, they strained, they exerted themselves, I stretched out, I strained, I exerted myself

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (KATA), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb ΤΕΙΝΩ (TEINO), meaning 'to stretch'. Therefore, ΚΑΤΕΤΕΙΝΟΝ means 'to stretch down', 'to stretch out', 'to strain', or 'to exert oneself'. It describes an action of extending or applying force, often with effort or intensity. It can be used to describe physical stretching, or a more abstract straining of effort or attention.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural or 1st Person Singular

Synonyms: ΕΚΤΕΙΝΩ, ΤΕΙΝΩ, ΕΠΙΤΕΙΝΩ

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G4728

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: steh-NO-poy

Translations: narrow places, streets, alleys

Notes: This word refers to narrow passages, such as streets or alleys, or any confined space. It is a compound word formed from 'στενός' (narrow) and 'ὤψ' (face, eye, or opening). It is used to describe constricted areas where movement might be difficult or limited.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative or Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΔΟΙ, ΑΓΥΙΑΙ

Etymology: This word is derived from the Greek adjective 'στενός' (stenos), meaning 'narrow, strait', and the noun 'ὤψ' (ops), meaning 'face, eye, or opening'. It literally means 'narrow opening' or 'narrow-faced'.

G1519, G1487, G1488

Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb

Sounds like: E

Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are

Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).

G2228, G3588

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Definite Article, Numeral

Sounds like: AY

Translations: or, the, 8

Notes: This word can function as a conjunction meaning 'or', indicating an alternative or choice between two or more options. It can also be the feminine nominative singular form of the definite article 'the', used to specify a feminine noun that is the subject of a sentence. The '̓' (coronis) indicates that this form is an elision, meaning it's a shortened form of a word like ἤ (e.g., when followed by a vowel). Additionally, the '̓' could be a keraia, indicating the numeral 8.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as conjunction or numeral); Singular, Nominative, Feminine (as definite article)

Etymology: The conjunction ἤ (e.g., from which Ἠ is an elision) is of uncertain origin. The definite article ἡ (from which Ἠ is an elision) comes from Proto-Indo-European. The numeral meaning is derived from the Greek letter eta (Η), which was used to represent the number 8.

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G4119

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: PLEH-on

Translations: more, a greater amount, a greater number, further, moreover, besides

Notes: This word signifies 'more' or 'greater' and can function as both an adjective and an adverb. As an adjective, it describes a larger quantity or degree of something. As an adverb, it indicates an increase in action or extent, often translated as 'further' or 'moreover'. It is the neuter singular form of the adjective 'πλέων'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative (as an adjective); Does not inflect (as an adverb)

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΣΣΟΤΕΡΟΝ, ΜΑΛΛΟΝ

Etymology: The word 'πλέων' (pleōn) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to fill' or 'full'. It is related to words signifying abundance or completion.

G1259

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-eh-LYOO-sen

Translations: he dissolved, he broke up, he dispersed, he destroyed, he put an end to

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart,' and the verb λύω (lyō), meaning 'to loose' or 'to release.' Together, it means to completely loosen, dissolve, break up, disperse, or destroy. It is used to describe the action of causing something to disintegrate or come to an end.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΛΥΩ, ΑΦΑΝΙΖΩ, ΔΙΑΣΚΟΡΠΙΖΩ

G3928, G4199

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: par-el-THOHN-eh-POR-thay

Translations: having passed by, he was plundering; having gone past, he was destroying

Notes: This is a compound word formed by two separate words joined together: ΠΑΡΕΛΘΩΝ (parelthōn) and ἘΠΟΡΘΕΙ (eporthēi). ΠΑΡΕΛΘΩΝ is the aorist active participle of the verb ΠΑΡΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ (parerchomai), meaning 'to pass by, to go past, to come to an end'. ἘΠΟΡΘΕΙ is the imperfect active indicative of the verb ΠΟΡΘΕΩ (portheō), meaning 'to plunder, to destroy, to lay waste'. Together, the phrase describes someone who, after passing by or going past, was in the process of plundering or destroying. The participle describes an action completed before or concurrent with the main verb's action.

Inflection: ΠΑΡΕΛΘΩΝ: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist Active Participle. ἘΠΟΡΘΕΙ: Singular, Third Person, Imperfect Active Indicative.

Synonyms: ΔΙΕΛΘΩΝ, ΛΕΗΛΑΤΕΩ

G2983

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: LEEF-then

Translations: taken, having been taken, that which was taken, a thing taken

Notes: This word is the aorist passive participle of the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred and was done to the subject. In this form, it refers to something that 'was taken' or 'has been taken'. It can be used to describe a person or thing that has been captured, seized, or received.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΕΙΛΗΜΜΕΝΟΝ, ΚΑΤΕΙΛΗΜΜΕΝΟΝ

G3756

Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΉ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.

G0302

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: AHN

Translations: if, ever, might, would, should

Notes: This word is a particle used to express contingency, possibility, or potentiality. It does not have a direct English equivalent but modifies the meaning of the verb it accompanies, often indicating that an action is dependent on a condition or is hypothetical. It is frequently used with the subjunctive or optative moods to form conditional clauses or express indefinite temporal or relative clauses.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The origin of this particle is uncertain, but it is believed to be an ancient particle in Greek, possibly related to the concept of 'on' or 'up' in some contexts, though its primary function became conditional.

G3633

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: OY-mahee

Translations: I think, I suppose, I imagine, I believe

Notes: This verb means 'to think', 'to suppose', 'to imagine', or 'to believe'. It is often used parenthetically in a sentence, similar to how one might say 'I think' or 'I suppose' in English to express an opinion or a less certain statement.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive

Synonyms: ΔΟΚΕΩ, ἩΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΝΟΜΙΖΩ

Etymology: The word Οἴομαι (oiomai) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the root *oi- meaning 'to think' or 'to suppose'.

G5101

Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective

Sounds like: TEES

Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing

Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.

Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.

G3436

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-mee-GAY

Translations: was mixed, was mingled, associated with, had sexual intercourse with

Notes: This word is the third person singular, aorist indicative passive form of the verb μίγνυμι (mígnymi). It means 'to be mixed' or 'to be mingled'. In a broader sense, it can also mean 'to associate with' or 'to have sexual intercourse with', depending on the context. It describes an action that happened in the past, where something or someone was combined or came into contact with something else.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Passive

Synonyms: ΣΥΜΜΙΓΝΥΜΙ, ΚΕΡΑΝΝΥΜΙ

Etymology: The word μίγνυμι comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *meiḱ- meaning 'to mix'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that also refer to mixing or mingling.

G3568, G1161

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: noon DEH

Translations: now, but now, and now

Notes: This word appears to be a misspelling or a scribal error for the phrase 'νῦν δέ' (nyn de). 'Νῦν' means 'now' or 'at present', indicating the current time. 'Δέ' is a postpositive conjunction meaning 'but', 'and', 'however', or 'on the other hand', often introducing a contrast or continuation. Therefore, 'ΝΥΝΔΕ' would convey the meaning of 'but now' or 'and now', indicating a shift in time or topic.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΡΤΙ, ΗΔΗ

G3303

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN

Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however

Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.

G1679

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: el-pee-SAS

Translations: having hoped, having expected, having trusted, having relied on

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'ἐλπίζω' (elpizō), meaning 'to hope' or 'to expect'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that occurred prior to the main verb. It conveys the sense of someone who has already performed the action of hoping or expecting.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist Active Participle

Synonyms: ΠΕΠΟΙΘΩΣ, ΠΙΣΤΕΥΣΑΣ

G1791

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: doo-so-PEH-seen

Translations: to put to shame, to make ashamed, to appeal to, to entreat, to show respect for

Notes: This verb means to cause someone to feel shame or to be ashamed. It can also mean to appeal to someone's sense of shame or respect, thereby entreating or persuading them. It implies a strong emotional appeal or the act of shaming someone into compliance or respect.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΝΤΡΕΠΩ, ΑΙΔΕΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΔΥΣΩΠΕΩ (dysōpeō) is a compound word derived from the prefix δυσ- (dys-), meaning 'bad, difficult, ill', and ὤψ (ōps), meaning 'face' or 'countenance'. The combination suggests a 'bad face' or 'difficulty in facing', leading to the sense of shame or respect.

G1832

Part of Speech: Participle, Verb

Sounds like: EX-on

Translations: it is lawful, it is permitted, it is possible, being lawful, being permitted, being possible

Notes: This word is the neuter singular present active participle of the impersonal verb ἔξεστι (exesti), which means 'it is lawful,' 'it is permitted,' or 'it is possible.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing something that is lawful, permitted, or possible. It is often used in constructions where something is allowed or permissible.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΘΕΜΙΣ, ΔΥΝΑΤΟΝ

G2559

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-KOON

Translations: to harm, to do evil, to mistreat, to afflict, to injure

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'κακόω'. It means to do evil, to harm, to mistreat, or to afflict someone. It is often used in contexts where one person or group causes suffering, damage, or injury to another.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΒΛΑΠΤΩ, ΑΔΙΚΕΩ, ΚΑΚΟΠΟΙΕΩ

Etymology: From 'κακός' (kakos), meaning 'bad' or 'evil'. The verb 'κακόω' means 'to make bad' or 'to treat badly'.

G3361

Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G2143

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: yoo-MAH-ray

Translations: easy, readily, convenient, an easy thing, a convenient thing

Notes: This word describes something that is easy to do, readily available, or convenient. It indicates a lack of difficulty or effort required for a task or situation. It can be used to describe a path that is easy to traverse or a task that is simple to accomplish.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΥ̓ΚΟΛΟΣ, ΡᾼΔΙΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΕΥ̓ΜΑΡΗΣ is a compound word derived from the prefix ΕΥ̓- (eu-), meaning 'good' or 'well', and the root ΜΑΡΗΣ, which is related to 'hand' or 'grasp', implying something that is 'easy to handle' or 'well-handled'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G4115

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-lah-TOO-nen

Translations: he broadened, she broadened, it broadened, he enlarged, she enlarged, it enlarged, he expanded, she expanded, it expanded

Notes: This word is a verb in the past tense, meaning 'to broaden,' 'to enlarge,' or 'to expand.' It describes an action where something or someone made something else wider or more extensive. It is used to indicate that a subject caused an increase in size, scope, or capacity.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΥΞΑΝΩ, ΜΕΓΑΛΥΝΩ

Etymology: The word ΠΛΑΤΥΝΩ (platynō) is derived from the adjective ΠΛΑΤΥΣ (platys), meaning 'broad' or 'wide.' It signifies the act of making something broad or wide.

G1063, G1902

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Verb

Sounds like: gar-ep-ee-boo-LEW-sane

Translations: for to plot against, for to conspire, for to devise evil against

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the conjunction 'γάρ' (gar), meaning 'for' or 'indeed', and the future active infinitive of the verb 'ἐπιβουλεύω' (epibouleuō), which means 'to plot against' or 'to conspire'. The combination indicates the reason or purpose for an action, specifically involving a future act of plotting or conspiring.

Inflection: Future, Active, Infinitive (for ἐπιβουλεύω); Does not inflect (for γάρ)

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΣΥΝΩΜΟΤΕΩ

G5274

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-peh-LAM-bah-nen

Translations: he was supposing, he was assuming, he was thinking, he was taking up, he was receiving, he was replying

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ὑπό (hypo, meaning 'under' or 'from below') and the verb λαμβάνω (lambano, meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'). In its imperfect form, it describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past. It can mean to suppose, assume, or think, often with the nuance of forming an opinion from below or from a certain perspective. It can also mean to take up or receive, or to reply in response to something.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΝΟΜΙΖΩ, ΟΙΟΜΑΙ, ΔΟΚΕΩ

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: par-el-THON

Translations: having come, having gone, having passed by, having passed through, having passed away, having gone away, having gone aside, having gone on

Notes: This word is the aorist active participle of the verb 'παρέρχομαι' (parerchomai). It describes an action that has been completed in the past, often indicating movement or passage. It can mean 'having come,' 'having gone,' 'having passed by,' or 'having passed through/away.' It is often used to describe someone who has arrived at a place, or who has moved past something, or something that has ceased to exist.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΑΠΕΛΘΩΝ, ΕΛΘΩΝ, ΔΙΕΛΘΩΝ

G1161

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: goon

Translations: then, therefore, accordingly, at least, at any rate

Notes: This word is an inferential particle used to draw a conclusion or consequence from what has just been said. It often introduces a statement that follows logically from the preceding one, indicating a result or a summary. It can also be used to emphasize a point, meaning 'at least' or 'at any rate'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΡΑ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be a strengthened form of the particle 'γε' (ge).

G3756, G1614

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: oo-tek-TEI-neen

Translations: not to kill, not to stretch out, not to extend

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the infinitive 'ἐκτείνειν' (to stretch out, to kill). Therefore, it means 'not to kill' or 'not to stretch out/extend'. It describes an action that is prohibited or not performed.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Etymology: The word 'οὐ' (ou) comes from Proto-Indo-European. The word 'ἐκτείνω' (ekteinō) is formed from 'ἐκ' (ek, out of) and 'τείνω' (teinō, to stretch), which also comes from Proto-Indo-European.

G5100

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE-nah

Translations: who, what, which, some, any, a certain one, something, anything

Notes: ΤΙΝΑ is an inflected form of the pronoun/adjective ΤΙΣ. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', 'anything', 'a certain one', or 'some'. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it is used in a question or a statement. It can function as both a pronoun standing alone or an adjective modifying a noun.

Inflection: Accusative Singular Masculine or Feminine, or Nominative/Accusative Plural Neuter

G2638

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-lam-bah-noh-MEH-nohn

Translations: being overtaken, being seized, being apprehended, being caught, being found, being understood, being attained

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'katalambanō', meaning to seize, overtake, apprehend, or understand. In this form, it describes something or someone that is in the process of being overtaken, seized, or apprehended. It often implies being caught by surprise, being found in a certain state, or having something understood or grasped.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter, Present, Passive, Participle

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΟΜΕΝΩΝ, ΚΑΤΑΛΗΦΘΕΝΤΩΝ, ΣΥΛΛΑΜΒΑΝΟΜΕΝΩΝ

Etymology: The word καταλαμβάνω (katalambanō) is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb λαμβάνω (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to seize'.

G2010

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-peh-TREP-sen

Translations: he permitted, he allowed, he gave permission, he entrusted

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to permit,' 'to allow,' or 'to give permission.' It can also mean 'to entrust' or 'to commit something to someone.' It is often used to describe an action where authority or consent is given for something to happen. It is a compound word formed from the preposition 'ἘΠΙ' (upon, over) and the verb 'ΤΡΕΠΩ' (to turn).

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist Indicative Active

Synonyms: ἈΦΙΗΜΙ, ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ἘΑΩ

G5261

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-po-PIM-pra-nai-tas

Translations: to set on fire underneath, to burn down, to burn up

Notes: This word is likely a misspelling or a garbled form of the Koine Greek verb 'ὑποπίμπρημι' (hypopimprēmi) or its infinitive 'ὑποπιμπράναι' (hypopimpranai), meaning 'to set on fire underneath' or 'to burn down'. The ending '-τας' is not a standard Greek inflection for this verb and suggests a possible error or a combination of words. If it were 'ὑποπιμπράναι', it would function as an infinitive, indicating an action of burning.

Inflection: Infinitive (likely Aorist Active or Perfect Active), followed by an unidentifiable suffix or separate word.

Synonyms: ΕΜΠΙΠΡΗΜΙ, ΚΑΤΑΠΙΜΠΡΗΜΙ

Etymology: The word 'ὑποπίμπρημι' (hypopimprēmi) is a compound verb formed from 'ὑπό' (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'below', and 'πίμπρημι' (pimprēmi), meaning 'to burn' or 'to set on fire'.

G0235

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: AL-lah

Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed

Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.

G4716

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: stah-see-AS-tays

Translations: to a rebel, to a rioter, to a seditionist, to a revolutionary, to a factious person, to a partisan, to a dissenter, to a mutineer, to a conspirator, to a troublemaker

Notes: This word refers to someone who engages in rebellion, sedition, or civil strife. It describes a person who causes division or takes part in an uprising. In the provided context, it is used in the dative plural, indicating 'to' or 'for' these individuals.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΤΑΤΗΣ, ΕΠΙΣΤΑΣΙΑΣΤΗΣ, ΤΑΡΑΧΟΠΟΙΟΣ

G1841

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: EX-oh-doo

Translations: of departure, of going out, of exodus, of exit, of end, of death

Notes: This word refers to a going out, a departure, or an exit. It can also refer to the end of something, or even metaphorically to death as a departure from life. It is used to describe the act of leaving a place or situation.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΒΑΣΙΣ, ΕΚΒΑΣΙΣ, ΤΕΛΟΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἔξοδος (exodos), a compound word formed from ἐκ (ek, "out of") and ὁδός (hodos, "way, path, journey").

G5293

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-pis-KHNEH-toh

Translations: he was promising, she was promising, it was promising, he promised, she promised, it promised

Notes: This word is the third person singular imperfect middle/passive indicative form of the verb ὙΠΙΣΧΝΕΟΜΑΙ (hypischneomai), meaning 'to promise' or 'to undertake'. It describes an action that was ongoing or repeated in the past, or an action that began in the past and continued. As a middle voice verb, it often implies that the subject is acting for their own benefit or on their own behalf. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ὙΠΟ (hypo, 'under') and the verb ἼΣΧΩ (ischō, 'to hold, to have').

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle/Passive, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΕΠΑΓΓΕΛΛΟΜΑΙ, ΔΙΔΩΜΙ

G4183

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PLAY-stoo

Translations: of most, of greatest, of very much, of very many, of the most, of the greatest

Notes: ΠΛΕΙΣΤΟΥ is the genitive singular masculine or neuter form of the adjective πλεῖστος (pleistos), which is the superlative of πολύς (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many'. It indicates the highest degree of quantity or number. It is used to express 'of the most' or 'of the greatest' in a given context.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Superlative

Synonyms: ΜΕΓΙΣΤΟΥ, ΠΛΕΙΟΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word πλεῖστος (pleistos) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to fill' or 'full'. It is the superlative form of πολύς (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many'.

G1063

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G4160

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-POY-ay-toh

Translations: was making, was doing, made, did, was producing, was performing

Notes: This word is the imperfect middle or passive indicative form of the verb 'poieō'. It describes an action that was ongoing or repeated in the past. In the middle voice, it means 'was making for oneself' or 'was doing for oneself'. In the passive voice, it means 'was being made' or 'was being done'. The context usually clarifies whether it's middle or passive.

Inflection: Imperfect, Middle or Passive, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ

G4172, G0846

Part of Speech: Noun, Pronoun

Sounds like: PO-lin-OW-toh

Translations: to the city itself, to the city, to it, to him

Notes: This is a compound phrase or a combination of two words: 'πόλιν' (city, accusative singular of πόλις) and 'αὐτῷ' (to him/it/itself, dative singular of αὐτός). The combination 'ΠΟΛΙΝΑΥΤΩ' is not a standard single word in Koine Greek. It most likely represents 'πόλιν αὐτῷ', meaning 'to the city itself' or 'to it, the city'. It could also be a misspelling or a very unusual contraction. Given the context of the example, it seems to refer to an action directed towards a city or its inhabitants.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter (for αὐτῷ); Singular, Accusative, Feminine (for πόλιν)

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G3767

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OON

Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.

G4389

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: proo-TREH-pen

Translations: he was urging, he was exhorting, he was encouraging

Notes: This is an inflected form of the verb "προτρέπω" (protrepo), meaning "to urge forward," "to exhort," or "to encourage." It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past. For example, it could be used in a sentence like "He was continually urging them to do good." It implies a persistent effort to persuade or motivate someone.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΑΚΑΛΕΩ, ΠΑΡΑΙΝΕΩ

G3819

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: pa-LAI

Translations: long ago, of old, formerly, anciently

Notes: This word is an adverb of time, meaning 'long ago' or 'of old'. It is used to refer to events or states that occurred in the distant past. It can modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, indicating that the action or quality described happened or existed a considerable time before the present.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΝΩΘΕΝ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΝ

Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to spread, flat'. In Greek, it developed to refer to something that is 'old' or 'ancient', leading to its use as an adverb for 'long ago'.

G3163

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: MA-khee-moys

Translations: (to) warlike, (to) fit for battle, (to) valiant, (to) brave

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'warlike' or 'fit for battle'. It describes someone or something that is ready for or skilled in combat. In this inflected form, it indicates the indirect object of an action, meaning 'to' or 'for' those who are warlike or brave.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΕΜΙΚΟΣ, ΑΝΔΡΕΙΟΣ, ΕΥΜΑΧΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΜΑΧΙΜΟΣ (machimos) derives from the Greek verb μάχομαι (machomai), meaning 'to fight' or 'to contend'. It describes someone who is inclined to fight or is capable in battle.

G1380

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-DOH-kay

Translations: it seemed, it appeared, it was thought, he seemed, she seemed, it was decided, it was pleasing

Notes: This word is the third person singular imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'δοκέω' (dokeō). It means 'to seem', 'to appear', or 'to be thought'. In the imperfect tense, it describes an action that was ongoing or repeated in the past, or a state that existed in the past. It can also convey the idea of something being decided or pleasing to someone.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΦΑΙΝΩ, ΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word δοκέω (dokeō) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *dek- which means 'to take, accept, receive'. Over time, its meaning evolved to 'to seem, to appear' in Greek, implying an acceptance or perception of something as true or apparent.

G5363, G769

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: fee-lan-THRO-po-nas-THEH-ni-ah

Translations: humanitarian weakness, philanthropic weakness, human weakness

Notes: This word appears to be a compound of 'φιλάνθρωπος' (philanthropos), meaning 'human-loving' or 'philanthropic', and 'ἀσθένεια' (astheneia), meaning 'weakness' or 'infirmity'. The combination 'φιλανθρωπονασθένεια' is highly unusual and likely a unique or ad-hoc compound, or possibly a scribal error or a very specific philosophical term not commonly attested. It would literally mean 'human-loving weakness' or 'philanthropic weakness', possibly implying a weakness that stems from or is related to human kindness or compassion. Given its rarity, it's not clear how it would be used in a typical sentence, but it would function as a singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

G0094

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-doo-nah-MEE-ah

Translations: weakness, inability, impotence, a weakness, an inability

Notes: This word refers to a state of weakness, inability, or impotence. It describes a lack of strength, power, or capacity to do something. It can be used to describe physical weakness, moral weakness, or a general inability to act or achieve a goal.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Feminine

Synonyms: ἈΣΘΕΝΕΙΑ, ἈΔΥΝΑΤΙΑ

Etymology: The word ἈΔΥΝΑΜΙΑ is a compound word formed from the negative prefix ἀ- (a-, meaning 'not' or 'without') and the word ΔΥΝΑΜΙΣ (dynamis, meaning 'power' or 'ability'). Thus, it literally means 'without power' or 'lack of power'.

G4172

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: POH-lin

Translations: city, a city

Notes: The word 'πόλιν' is the accusative singular form of the noun 'πόλις', meaning 'city'. It refers to a populated place, typically larger than a village, with a defined administrative structure. As an accusative case, it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions, indicating the destination or the object being acted upon. For example, one might 'go into the city' or 'see the city'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The word 'πόλις' comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to a fortified place or citadel. It developed to mean a city-state in ancient Greece, encompassing both the physical settlement and its citizens.

G5023, G4390

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: TAH-oo-tah-pro-TEI-nein

Translations: to propose these things, to put forward these things, to stretch forth these things

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the demonstrative pronoun 'ταῦτα' (these things) and the infinitive verb 'προτείνειν' (to stretch forth, to propose). It means to propose or put forward specific things or arguments. It would be used in a sentence to describe the act of presenting ideas or facts for consideration.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΒΑΛΛΕΙΝ, ΠΡΟΦΕΡΕΙΝ

G5274

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-peh-LAM-bah-non

Translations: they supposed, they assumed, they received, they took up, they answered

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from 'ὑπό' (hypo, meaning 'under' or 'from below') and 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō, meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'). It generally means to take up, to receive, to assume, to suppose, or to answer. In different contexts, it can refer to taking something up from below, receiving a person or idea, forming an opinion or assumption, or replying to someone.

Inflection: 3rd Person Plural, Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΝΟΜΙΖΩ, ΟΙΟΜΑΙ, ΔΟΚΕΩ

G1223

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: dee-ah-pee-LOO-n-tes

Translations: threatening, menacing

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'διαπειλέω' (diapeileō), meaning 'to threaten' or 'to menace'. It is a compound word formed from 'διά' (dia), meaning 'through' or 'thoroughly', and 'ἀπειλέω' (apeileō), meaning 'to threaten'. As a participle, it describes an action that is ongoing and can function adjectivally (describing a noun) or adverbially (modifying a verb, often indicating the manner or circumstance of an action).

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΠΕΙΛΟΥΝΤΕΣ, ΦΟΒΟΥΝΤΕΣ

G3403

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: mnays-THEY-ay

Translations: may he remember, may it be remembered, may he be reminded, may it be brought to mind

Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'to remember' or 'to be reminded'. It is used to express a wish or a potential action, often in a context where someone or something is being called to mind, or an event is being recalled. It implies a passive action, meaning something is remembered or brought to mind by someone or something else.

Inflection: Aorist, Optative, Passive, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΜΙΜΝΗΣΚΩ, ΕΝΘΥΜΕΟΜΑΙ

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G3916

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pa-ra-fthENG-go-me-nous

Translations: speaking alongside, speaking amiss, uttering, speaking deceitfully

Notes: This word describes someone who speaks alongside, speaks amiss, or utters something, often with a connotation of speaking deceitfully or improperly. It is used to describe the action of speaking in a way that might be misleading or out of place. It is a compound word formed from 'παρά' (para), meaning 'alongside' or 'amiss', and 'φθέγγομαι' (phthengomai), meaning 'to utter' or 'to speak'.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine, Present, Middle/Passive

Synonyms: ΛΑΛΟΥΝΤΑΣ, ΦΘΕΓΓΟΜΕΝΟΥΣ

G616

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ah-pos-FATT-ton-tes

Translations: slaughtering, slaying, butchering, killing

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'slaughtering' or 'killing'. It describes an action that is ongoing or happening at the same time as another action. It is a compound word formed from the prefix ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb σφάττω (sphattō), meaning 'to slaughter' or 'to slay'. The prefix intensifies the action, implying a complete or decisive killing.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΚΤΕΙΝΩ, ἈΝΑΙΡΕΩ, ΦΟΝΕΥΩ

Etymology: The verb ἀποσφάττω (aposphattō) is derived from the prefix ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb σφάττω (sphattō), meaning 'to slaughter' or 'to slay'.

G2007

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-pee-TITH-en-tai

Translations: they attack, they lay upon, they put upon, they impose, they inflict

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to lay upon,' 'to put upon,' 'to impose,' or 'to inflict.' It often carries the sense of attacking or assaulting someone or something. It can be used to describe physically placing something on another object or person, or metaphorically, such as imposing a burden or inflicting a punishment. In the provided context, it is used to describe an attack.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΒΑΛΛΩ, ΕΦΟΔΕΥΩ, ΕΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

G1525, G4514

Part of Speech: Participle, Noun

Sounds like: ees-el-THOO-see-roh-MAH-ee-ohn

Translations: to the Romans having entered, to the Romans who entered, to the Romans entering

Notes: This word is a compound of two distinct Koine Greek words: ΕἸΣΕΛΘΟΥΣΙ (eiselthousi) and ΡΩΜΑΙΩΝ (Rhōmaiōn). ΕἸΣΕΛΘΟΥΣΙ is the dative plural masculine participle of the verb ΕἸΣΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ (eiserchomai), meaning 'to go in' or 'to enter'. ΡΩΜΑΙΩΝ is the genitive plural of the noun ΡΩΜΑΙΟΣ (Rhōmaios), meaning 'Roman'. When combined, it means 'to the Romans who entered' or 'to the Romans having entered'. The combination suggests a phrase describing an action directed towards or involving Romans who have performed the act of entering.

Inflection: Participle: Dative, Plural, Masculine; Noun: Genitive, Plural, Masculine

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

G5221

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: hoo-pan-tee-AH-san-tes

Translations: having met, having gone to meet, having encountered

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'hypantao', meaning 'to go to meet' or 'to encounter'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. It indicates that the subject has performed the action of meeting or encountering someone or something.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΝΤΑΩ, ΑΠΑΝΤΑΩ

Etymology: The word ΥΠΑΝΤΑΩ (hypantao) is a compound word formed from the preposition ΥΠΟ (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'towards', and ΑΝΤΑΩ (antao), meaning 'to meet' or 'to come face to face with'.

G0575, G3588

Part of Speech: Preposition, Article

Sounds like: ah-PO-tohn

Translations: from the, of the

Notes: This is a compound phrase consisting of the preposition 'ΑΠΟ' (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the definite article 'ΤΩΝ' (ton), which is the genitive plural form of 'Ο' (ho), meaning 'the'. Together, 'ἈΠΟΤΩΝ' translates to 'from the' or 'of the' (when indicating origin or separation). It is used to show separation, origin, or cause, often indicating a source or point of departure for multiple items or people.

Inflection: Preposition, Genitive, Plural, All genders

G0243

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: AL-loy

Translations: others, some others, different ones

Notes: This word refers to other people or things, distinct from those already mentioned or implied. It is used to indicate a difference or distinction between entities. For example, it can be used to say 'some others' or 'different ones' in a sentence.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine; or Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Feminine; or Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.

G1854

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: EX-oh

Translations: outside, out, without, abroad

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'outside' or 'out'. It indicates a position or direction away from an interior or a boundary. It can be used to describe something that is physically located outside, or metaphorically, something that is excluded or beyond a certain limit.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚΤΟΣ, ΕΞΩΘΕΝ

Etymology: From the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of', and the suffix -ω, which forms adverbs of place. It denotes a position or movement from the inside to the outside.

G4311, G4439

Part of Speech: Participle, Noun

Sounds like: pro-pee-DAY-san-tes PY-las

Translations: having leaped forward to the gates, having rushed forth to the gates, leaping forward to the gates, rushing forth to the gates

Notes: This appears to be two Koine Greek words concatenated without a space: 'ΠΡΟΠΗΔΗΣΑΝΤΕΣ' and 'ΠΥΛΑΣ'. 'ΠΡΟΠΗΔΗΣΑΝΤΕΣ' is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having leaped forward' or 'having rushed forth'. 'ΠΥΛΑΣ' is the accusative plural of 'πύλη', meaning 'gates'. Together, they describe an action of rushing or leaping towards gates.

Inflection: ΠΡΟΠΗΔΗΣΑΝΤΕΣ: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural; ΠΥΛΑΣ: Accusative, Feminine, Plural

G5015

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: tah-rakh-THEN-tes

Translations: disturbed, troubled, agitated, stirred up, having been disturbed, those who were disturbed

Notes: This word is the masculine or neuter plural nominative or accusative (or feminine plural nominative) aorist passive participle of the verb 'ταράσσω' (tarassō). It describes someone or something that has been disturbed, troubled, or agitated by an external force. It can function adjectivally, meaning 'the disturbed ones,' or adverbially, indicating the state or cause of an action, such as 'having been disturbed.'

Inflection: Plural, Aorist, Passive, Participle, Masculine or Neuter (Nominative or Accusative), or Feminine (Nominative)

Synonyms: ΣΥΓΧΕΟΜΑΙ, ΘΟΡΥΒΕΟΜΑΙ, ΚΙΝΕΟΜΑΙ

G2525

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ka-thal-LOH-me-noy

Translations: leaping down, jumping down

Notes: This word appears to be a misspelling or garbled form of the participle of the verb 'καθάλλομαι' (kathallomai), which means 'to leap down' or 'to jump down'. The most likely intended form is 'καθαλλομένοι' (kathallomenoi), which would be a participle meaning 'leaping down' or 'having leaped down'. The extra 'τῶν' at the end is likely a separate word, 'τῶν' (ton), meaning 'of the' or 'the' (genitive plural definite article), which has been erroneously appended to the verb form. If it were 'καθαλλομένοι', it would describe a group of people who are in the act of leaping down or have leaped down.

Inflection: Participle, Present, Middle/Passive, Masculine, Nominative, Plural (assuming the intended word is 'καθαλλομένοι')

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΠΗΔΑΩ

Etymology: The word 'καθάλλομαι' is a compound word formed from the preposition 'κατά' (kata), meaning 'down', and the verb 'ἅλλομαι' (hallomai), meaning 'to leap' or 'to jump'.

G4444

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PYR-gohn

Translations: of towers, towers

Notes: This word refers to towers, which are tall, fortified structures, often part of a city wall or a standalone defensive building. In its genitive plural form, as seen here, it indicates possession or origin, meaning 'of towers' or 'belonging to towers'. It can also be used to indicate the object of certain prepositions or verbs that take the genitive case.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΤΕΙΧΟΣ, ΦΡΟΥΡΙΟΝ

Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly pre-Greek. It refers to a tower or a fortified structure.

G0390

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-neh-KHO-roon

Translations: they were withdrawing, they were departing, they were retiring, they were going away

Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative third person plural form of the verb 'ἈΝΑΧΩΡΕΩ'. It describes an ongoing or repeated action of withdrawing, departing, or going away, performed by a group of people in the past. It implies a movement away from a place or situation, often for safety, privacy, or to avoid conflict.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Imperfect Tense, Active Voice, Indicative Mood

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ἘΚΧΩΡΕΩ

G1519

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G3841

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: PAN-toh-then

Translations: from all sides, on every side, everywhere, all around

Notes: This word is an adverb indicating origin or direction from all points or in all directions. It describes something that comes from or is present on every side, encompassing a complete surrounding area. It can be used to describe a situation where something is happening or coming from all directions simultaneously.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΑΝΤΑΧΟΥ

Etymology: From the root of ΠΑΣ (all) and the suffix -θεν (from, indicating origin or direction).

G0001, G0002

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: TOYS-ah-poh-LIF-thay-see

Translations: (to) the ones left behind, (to) those left behind, (to) the ones remaining, (to) those remaining

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the definite article "τοῖς" (to the, for the) and the aorist passive participle "ἀπολειφθεῖσι" (having been left behind). It refers to a group of people who have been left behind or who remain. It is used in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, meaning "to" or "for" those who were left behind.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Dative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΥΠΟΛΕΙΦΘΕΙΣΙ, ΚΑΤΑΛΕΙΦΘΕΙΣΙ

G1167

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: deh-doy-KO-tohn

Translations: of those who have feared, of those who have been afraid, of those who are afraid

Notes: This word is a perfect active participle, genitive plural, of the verb 'δείδω' (deidō), meaning 'to fear' or 'to be afraid'. It describes a state of having feared or being in a state of fear, and in this form, it indicates possession or relation, often translated as 'of those who have feared' or 'of those who are afraid'. It functions like an adjective modifying a plural noun in the genitive case, or as a substantive noun itself.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΦΟΒΟΥΜΕΝΩΝ, ΤΑΡΑΣΣΟΜΕΝΩΝ

G4129

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: play-thoo-NON-tes

Translations: multiplying, increasing, abounding, making abundant, making numerous

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'multiplying' or 'increasing'. It describes an ongoing action of becoming more numerous or abundant, or causing something else to become more numerous or abundant. It can be used to describe people, things, or even abstract concepts that are growing in number or intensity.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΥΞΑΝΩ, ΠΛΕΟΝΑΖΩ

G2453

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ee-oo-DAH-ee-oy

Translations: Jews, the Jews

Notes: This word refers to the Jewish people, the inhabitants of Judea, or those who are ethnically or religiously Jewish. It is often used in the New Testament to distinguish the Jewish people from Gentiles (non-Jews).

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΒΡΑΙΟΙ, ΙΣΡΑΗΛΙΤΑΙ

Etymology: The word originates from the Hebrew word 'Yehudi' (יהודי), meaning 'of Judah' or 'from the land of Judah'. It refers to the descendants of Judah, one of the twelve sons of Jacob, and later to the inhabitants of the kingdom of Judah.

G4183, G4122

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: pol-lah-pleh-oh-nek-TOON-tes

Translations: taking advantage many times, greatly taking advantage, greatly overreaching, greatly defrauding

Notes: This word is a compound participle, meaning 'taking advantage many times' or 'greatly overreaching'. It describes someone who is repeatedly or excessively gaining an unfair advantage over others, often through deceit or exploitation. It combines the idea of 'much' or 'many' with the concept of 'taking advantage'. It would be used to describe the actions of individuals or groups who are acting in a greedy or exploitative manner.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΛΕΟΝΕΚΤΟΥΝΤΕΣ, ΑΔΙΚΟΥΝΤΕΣ

Etymology: The word is a compound of 'πολύς' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many', and 'πλεονεκτέω' (pleonekteō), meaning 'to have more, to take advantage'. The latter is derived from 'πλέον' (pleon), meaning 'more', and 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have'.

G2596

Part of Speech: Prefix, Preposition

Sounds like: KAT

Translations: down, against, according to, throughout, during

Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down', 'against', 'according to', 'throughout', or 'during'. It is frequently used as a prefix in compound verbs and nouns, indicating a downward motion, completion, intensity, or opposition. For example, in 'κατέβη' (katebē), it means 'went down', and in 'καταπιεῖν' (katapiein), it means 'to swallow down'. The final alpha (α) is often dropped when the next word or part of the compound begins with a vowel, or when it's followed by certain consonants.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix); functions as a preposition that takes the genitive or accusative case.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmt- 'down, with, against'. It is a common Greek preposition that has been used since ancient times.

G5134

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-tee-TROH-skon

Translations: they were wounding, they kept wounding, they were hurting, they kept hurting

Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'τιτρώσκω'. It means 'to wound' or 'to hurt'. The imperfect tense indicates an ongoing, repeated, or continuous action in the past. Therefore, 'ἘΤΙΤΡΩΣΚΟΝ' describes an action like 'they were continually wounding' or 'they kept on hurting' someone or something.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΤΡΑΥΜΑΤΙΖΩ, ΠΛΗΓΩ

G4363

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: pros-PIP-ton-tes

Translations: falling down, prostrating oneself, falling upon, rushing against, attacking

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'falling down' or 'prostrating oneself'. It describes an action of falling or throwing oneself down, often in supplication, worship, or submission. It can also mean to fall upon or rush against someone or something, implying an attack or collision. It is a compound word formed from the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to' or 'toward', and the verb πίπτω (piptō), meaning 'to fall'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΙΠΤΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΥΝΕΩ, ΕΜΠΙΠΤΩ

Etymology: The word προσπίπτω is a compound verb derived from the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to, toward, with', and the verb πίπτω (piptō), meaning 'to fall'. The combination signifies falling towards or upon something/someone.

G1856

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eks-OH-thoon

Translations: they were thrusting out, they were driving out, they were pushing out, they were expelling

Notes: This word describes the action of pushing, thrusting, or driving something or someone out from a place. It is a compound verb formed from 'ἐξ' (out of) and 'ὠθέω' (to push or thrust). It implies a forceful removal or expulsion. In the provided context, it describes people actively pushing others away or out of an area.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΚΒΑΛΛΩ, ΑΠΟΘΕΩ, ΕΞΕΛΑΥΝΩ

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: pleh-ON-an-TEE-khon

Translations: more than a wall, a more-than-a-wall, a super-wall, a wall of advantage, a superior wall, a wall that is more than enough

Notes: This is a compound word, likely formed from 'πλέον' (more, greater), 'ἀντί' (against, opposite, in place of), and 'τεῖχος' (wall). It describes something that is 'more than a wall' or 'superior to a wall', suggesting a fortification that offers exceptional protection or is strategically advantageous. It could refer to a part of a wall that is particularly strong or a defensive structure that goes beyond a simple wall. It functions as an adjective or a noun, describing such a structure.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

G0001

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-THROO-oos

Translations: all together, in a mass, sudden, unexpected, a sudden, an unexpected

Notes: This word describes something that is gathered together in a mass or crowd, or something that happens suddenly and unexpectedly. It can be used to describe a group of people or things that appear at once, or an event that occurs without warning.

Inflection: Masculine or Feminine, Nominative or Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΘΡΟΙΣΤΟΣ, ΣΥΝΗΘΡΟΙΣΜΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: From the Greek prefix ἀ- (a-, 'together') and θρόος (throos, 'noise, clamor'), suggesting a gathering with a collective sound or movement. It implies a coming together or a sudden appearance.

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: dee-AH

Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G4727

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: steh-NOO

Translations: to groan, to sigh, to lament, to be in distress

Notes: This word describes the act of groaning, sighing, or lamenting, often due to distress, pain, or oppression. It can also imply being in a state of confinement or narrowness, leading to such expressions of discomfort. It is used to convey a deep emotional or physical suffering.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Plural or Present, Active, Subjunctive, 1st Person Plural

Synonyms: ΟΔΥΡΟΜΑΙ, ΘΡΗΝΕΩ, ΚΟΠΤΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΣΤΕΝΩ (steno) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to be narrow' or 'to press'. It is related to words signifying tightness, constraint, or distress.

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: par-el-THON-tes

Translations: having passed by, having gone past, having gone away, having come to an end

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'παρέρχομαι', meaning 'to pass by', 'to go past', or 'to come to an end'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred, often functioning adverbially to indicate the manner or time of another action, or adjectivally to describe a noun. It implies movement beyond a point or the completion of a period.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΠΕΛΘΟΝΤΕΣ, ΔΙΕΛΘΟΝΤΕΣ

G4368

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: pros-a-MYN-an-tos

Translations: of having helped, of having defended, of having come to aid, of having warded off

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the compound verb 'προσᾰμῠ́νω' (prosamynō), meaning 'to help, to defend, to come to aid, to ward off'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action performed by someone or something. In this form, it indicates an action completed in the past, specifically 'having helped' or 'having defended'. It is often used to describe the one who performed the action of defending or aiding.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΒΟΗΘΕΩ, ΑΜΥΝΩ

G1293

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-as-TAY-sas

Translations: having stood apart, having separated, having placed at intervals, having put between, having removed, having departed

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle of the verb ΔΙΑΣΤΗΜΙ (diastēmi), meaning 'to stand apart,' 'to separate,' or 'to place at intervals.' As a participle, it describes an action completed in the past by the subject, functioning like an adjective or adverb. It is often used to indicate that someone has positioned things or people at a distance from each other, or that they themselves have moved away.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΧΩΡΙΖΩ, ΔΙΑΙΡΕΩ, ΑΦΙΣΤΗΜΙ

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: ep

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, by, before, among, concerning, with

Notes: This word is a preposition, often used as a prefix in compound words. It is a shortened form of the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), which loses its final vowel when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark. Its precise meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it often means 'on, upon, over' (of place) or 'at, during' (of time); with the dative, it can mean 'on, at, by' (of place), 'in addition to', or 'for, because of'; and with the accusative, it typically means 'to, toward, against' (of motion) or 'over, upon' (of extent).

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ὙΠΕΡ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ (epi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'on, at, near'.

G206

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: AK-roys

Translations: (to) the highest, (to) the outermost, (to) the ends, (to) the extremities, (to) the tops

Notes: This word refers to the highest, outermost, or extreme part of something. It is often used in the plural to denote the ends or extremities of a place or object, such as 'the ends of the earth' or 'the tops of the mountains'. It can function as both an adjective describing something as extreme or a noun referring to an extreme point.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΣΧΑΤΟΙ, ΤΕΛΗ

G3588, G5115

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Noun

Sounds like: toos-tox-O-tas

Translations: the archers, the bowmen

Notes: This is a compound phrase consisting of the definite article 'the' (τοῦς) and the noun 'archers' (τοξότας). It refers to a group of people who use bows and arrows. As an accusative plural, it would typically function as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions, indicating 'the archers' as the recipients of an action or the focus of a prepositional phrase.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Accusative

Synonyms: ΤΟΞΕΥΤΑΙ, ΒΕΛΟΦΟΡΟΙ

G3122

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: MA-lis-TA

Translations: especially, most, indeed, yes, certainly, above all

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'especially,' 'most,' or 'above all.' It is often used to emphasize a particular point or item in a list. It can also be used as a strong affirmation, meaning 'yes,' 'certainly,' or 'indeed.'

Inflection: Superlative form of ΜΑΛΑ; Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΑΛΛΟΝ, ΠΕΡΙΣΣΟΤΕΡΩΣ

Etymology: From the adverb ΜΑΛΑ (mala), meaning 'very' or 'much.' ΜΑΛΙΣΤΑ is its superlative form, indicating 'most' or 'very much so.'

G2476

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: sta-THEIS

Translations: having stood, having been appointed, having been established, having been set, having been placed

Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle, meaning 'having stood' or 'having been placed/appointed/established'. It describes an action that has been completed in the past, with the subject having undergone the action. It is often used to indicate someone who has taken a stand, been positioned, or been formally appointed to a role or place.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Singular, Masculine, Nominative

Synonyms: ΤΕΘΕΙΣ, ΚΑΤΑΣΤΑΘΕΙΣ, ΑΝΑΣΤΑΣ

Etymology: The root verb ἵστημι (histēmi) comes from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-, meaning 'to stand'. It is related to words for standing, setting, and placing in many Indo-European languages.

G0846

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOS

Translations: he, she, it, they, him, her, it, them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, same, very

Notes: ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is a versatile word in Koine Greek. As a third-person pronoun, it translates to 'he, she, it' or 'they' in the nominative case, and 'him, her, it' or 'them' in other cases. When used intensively, often in the nominative or immediately following the noun, it means 'himself, herself, itself, themselves' or 'even, very'. When used as an adjective with the definite article (e.g., 'ὁ αὐτὸς'), it means 'the same'. Its meaning depends on its grammatical function and position in the sentence.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΣ, ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a pronominal stem *au- or *aw-.

G0393, G3588

Part of Speech: Verb, Article

Sounds like: an-es-TEL-le-toys

Translations: he was restraining, he was checking, he was holding back, to the, for the, with the, by the

Notes: This word is a compound of the verb 'ἀναστέλλω' (anastellō) and the dative plural definite article 'τοῖς' (tois). The verb 'ἀναστέλλω' means 'to send up,' 'to hold back,' 'to restrain,' or 'to check.' The form 'ἀνεστέλλε' is the imperfect active indicative, third person singular, meaning 'he/she/it was restraining' or 'was holding back.' The suffix '-τοις' is the dative plural form of the definite article 'ὁ' (ho), meaning 'to the,' 'for the,' 'with the,' or 'by the' (referring to masculine or neuter plural nouns). Therefore, 'ἀνεστέλλετοις' means 'he was restraining to the/for the/with the/by the (things/people).' It is likely that 'τοῖς' is a separate word in the original text, but it is presented here as if it were part of the verb, which is a common occurrence in ancient manuscripts where word boundaries were not always clearly marked.

Inflection: Imperfect Active Indicative, Third Person Singular (for the verb); Dative Plural, Masculine or Neuter (for the article)

Synonyms: ΚΩΛΥΩ, ἘΠΕΧΩ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩ

G4190

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: po-LEH-mee-oos

Translations: enemies, hostile ones

Notes: This word refers to those who are hostile or at war with someone. It is often used as a substantive noun to mean 'enemies' or 'adversaries'. In a sentence, it would typically describe a group of people who are in opposition or conflict.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΧΘΡΟΥΣ, ΑΝΤΙΚΕΙΜΕΝΟΥΣ

Etymology: The word πόλεμος (polemos) means 'war' or 'battle'. The suffix -ιος (-ios) is used to form adjectives indicating belonging or relation. Thus, πολεμίος means 'belonging to war' or 'hostile', and by extension, 'an enemy'.

G4862

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: soon

Translations: with, together with, along with

Notes: ΣΥΝ is a preposition that typically takes the dative case, meaning 'with' or 'together with', indicating association, accompaniment, or union. It is also very commonly used as a prefix in compound words, where it conveys the idea of 'togetherness', 'union', 'completion', or 'joint action'. For example, 'συντρίβω' (syntribo) means 'to break together' or 'to crush', and 'συνκαίω' (synkaio) means 'to burn together'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.

Synonyms: ΜΕΤΑ, ΟΜΟΥ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kom, meaning 'with' or 'beside'. It is cognate with Latin 'cum' and English 'co-' or 'con-'.

G0846

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

G5316

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: fah-NEES

Translations: having appeared, having been shown, having become visible, having shone, having been revealed

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'φαίνω' (phainō), meaning 'to appear,' 'to show,' or 'to shine.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective while retaining verbal qualities, describing an action that has already occurred. It indicates that something or someone has become visible, has been revealed, or has appeared.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΦΑΝΕΙΣ, ΔΗΛΩΘΕΙΣ, ΟΦΘΕΙΣ

G2967

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: koh-LOO-ohn

Translations: hindering, preventing, forbidding, restraining, keeping back, a hinderer, a preventer

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'hindering' or 'preventing'. It describes an action that is currently taking place or is continuous. It can be used to describe someone or something that is actively stopping or restraining another action or person. For example, 'the one hindering' or 'he who prevents'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Present, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΕΜΠΟΔΙΖΩ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΑΠΟΚΩΛΥΩ

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: par-el-THAYN

Translations: to pass by, to pass away, to come beside, to go beyond, to neglect, to transgress, to perish, to come to an end

Notes: This word is an infinitive form of the verb 'παρέρχομαι' (parerchomai), meaning 'to pass by' or 'to pass away'. It is a compound word formed from 'παρά' (para), meaning 'beside' or 'along', and 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. It can describe something moving past, an event coming to an end, or even a command being disregarded or transgressed. For example, it can be used to say that something will not pass away or that someone passed by a certain place.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΔΙΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΒΑΙΝΩ

G3360

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEKH-ree

Translations: until, up to, as far as, even to, while, during

Notes: This word indicates a point in time or space that is reached, meaning 'until' or 'up to'. As a preposition, it takes the genitive case and specifies the limit of an action or state. As an adverb, it can modify verbs or clauses, indicating duration or extent. As a conjunction, it introduces a temporal clause, meaning 'while' or 'until'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΩΣ, ΑΧΡΙ

Etymology: From an assumed base *mekh-, perhaps related to μέγας (megas, “great”) or μήκος (mēkos, “length”). It denotes a limit or extent.

G2902

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: krah-TAY-san-tes

Translations: having taken hold of, having seized, having grasped, having held, having overcome, having prevailed, having gained control, having mastered

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'κράτεω' (krateō), meaning 'to be strong, to rule, to hold fast, to seize'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred, functioning like an adjective or adverb. It indicates that the subject has performed the action of taking hold, seizing, or gaining control. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'the soldiers, having seized the city, rested'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ΛΑΒΟΝΤΕΣ, ΚΑΤΑΣΧΟΝΤΕΣ, ΕΚΡΑΤΟΥΝ

G1856

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ex-OH-sthee-san

Translations: they were driven out, they were cast out, they were expelled, they were pushed out

Notes: This verb describes the action of being driven, cast, or pushed out from a place or position. It implies a forceful expulsion or removal. It is often used to describe people being expelled from a city, a group, or a position of power.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΕΚΒΑΛΛΩ, ΑΠΟΔΙΩΚΩ, ΕΚΔΙΩΚΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἐξωθέω (exōthéō), from ἐξ (ex, 'out of') and ὠθέω (ōthéō, 'to push, thrust').

G0303

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb, Prefix

Sounds like: ah-NAH

Translations: up, upward, again, back, each, per, through, among, by, on, upon

Notes: ἈΝΑ is a versatile Koine Greek word that can function as a preposition, an adverb, or a prefix in compound words. As a preposition, it typically takes the accusative case and signifies movement 'up' or 'upward', or distribution 'each' or 'per'. As an adverb, it can mean 'up' or 'upward'. When used as a prefix, it often conveys meanings such as 'up', 'back', 'again', or 're-'. For example, in 'ἈΝΑΣΤΗΘΙ' (anastethi), it means 'stand up' or 'rise up'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΝΩ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'on, upon, up'.

G2532, G3346

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adjective

Sounds like: kahee-meh-TEH-oh-roy

Translations: and, lifted up, high, lofty, anxious, in suspense, wavering, unstable

Notes: This is a compound word formed by the conjunction ΚΑΙ (kai), meaning 'and', and the adjective ΜΕΤΕΩΡΟΙ (meteōroi). The adjective ΜΕΤΕΩΡΟΙ describes something that is lifted up, high, or lofty. In a figurative sense, it can refer to a state of being anxious, in suspense, or wavering, like one whose mind is 'up in the air'. It can also describe someone who is unstable or easily swayed.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΥΨΗΛΟΣ, ΑΝΑΣΤΗΜΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΜΕΤΕΩΡΟΣ (meteōros) comes from the Greek preposition μετά (meta), meaning 'among, with, after', and the noun ἀείρω (aeirō), meaning 'to lift, raise'. Thus, it literally means 'lifted up in the air' or 'suspended in the air'.

G2159

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: yoo-pra-GHEE-an

Translations: good fortune, prosperity, success, a good deed, a good action

Notes: This word refers to a state of well-being, prosperity, or good fortune. It can also denote a successful outcome or a virtuous action. It is used to describe situations where things go well or actions that are beneficial and commendable.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΥ̓ΗΜΕΡΙΑ, ΕΥ̓ΤΥΧΙΑ, ΕΥ̓ΠΟΙΙΑ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek εὐπραγία (eupragía), from εὖ (eu, 'well') + πράσσω (prássō, 'to do, to fare'). It literally means 'well-doing' or 'well-faring'.

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: par-el-THON-ton

Translations: of having passed by, of having gone by, of having gone past, of having come to an end, of having elapsed, of having passed away

Notes: This word is a genitive plural participle derived from the verb 'parerchomai', meaning 'to pass by' or 'to go past'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, describing an action that has already occurred. In the genitive case, it often indicates possession, origin, or the subject of a genitive absolute construction, meaning 'of those who have passed by' or 'when they had passed by'. It can refer to people, things, or even periods of time that have elapsed.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΠΕΛΘΟΝΤΩΝ, ΔΙΕΛΘΟΝΤΩΝ

G1380

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: doh-KOON-tes

Translations: seeming, appearing, thinking, supposing, reputed, those who seem, those who think

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'δοκέω'. It describes someone or something that 'seems' or 'appears' to be a certain way, or 'thinks' or 'supposes' something. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or substantively, meaning 'those who seem' or 'those who think'. It often implies a subjective perception or a widely held opinion.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Synonyms: ΦΑΙΝΟΜΕΝΟΙ, ΗΓΟΥΜΕΝΟΙ

Etymology: The word δοκέω (dokeō) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *dek-, meaning 'to take, accept, receive'. Over time, its meaning evolved in Greek to 'seem, appear, think, suppose', reflecting the idea of forming an opinion or perception.

G1980

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-es-KO-tei

Translations: to overshadow, to darken, to obscure, to cast a shadow upon

Notes: This word describes the action of casting a shadow over something, making it dark or obscure. It can be used literally, referring to physical darkness, or figuratively, implying a spiritual or mental darkening, such as when understanding is obscured. It is an inflected form of the verb ΕΠΙΣΚΟΤΕΩ.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΣΚΟΤΙΖΩ, ΚΑΛΥΠΤΩ, ΑΜΑΥΡΟΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΠΙΣΚΟΤΕΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΕΠΙ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'over', and the verb ΣΚΟΤΕΩ (skoteo), meaning 'to be dark' or 'to darken'.

G3892

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pa-ra-no-MEE-as

Translations: of lawlessness, of iniquity, of transgression, of a lawlessness, of an iniquity, of a transgression

Notes: This word refers to the state or act of being without law, or acting contrary to law. It signifies lawlessness, iniquity, or transgression. It is a compound word formed from 'παρά' (para), meaning 'beside' or 'contrary to', and 'νόμος' (nomos), meaning 'law'. It is used to describe actions or a state of being that goes against established laws, whether divine or human.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΝΟΜΙΑ, ΑΔΙΚΙΑ, ΑΜΑΡΤΙΑ

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G2316

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: THEH-os

Translations: God, a God, Lord

Notes: ΘΕΟΣ (theos) is a singular noun meaning 'God' or 'a god'. In Koine Greek, it is frequently used to refer to the singular, supreme God, often with the definite article. It can also refer to a generic deity or even a human figure considered divine. It functions as a subject or object in sentences, depending on its case.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΠΑΤΗΡ

Etymology: The word ΘΕΟΣ is believed to derive from a Proto-Indo-European root, though its precise origin is debated. It has cognates in various Indo-European languages.

G3745

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: OH-soh

Translations: as much as, as many as, how much, how many, whatsoever, whosoever, all that, (to) as much as, (to) as many as

Notes: This word is a relative adjective, indicating quantity or extent. It means 'as much as' or 'as many as' and is used to refer to a quantity or number that is equal to or corresponds with another. It can also be translated as 'whatsoever' or 'whosoever' when referring to an indefinite amount or group. It is often used in a dative construction to indicate 'to' or 'for' a certain amount or number.

Inflection: Dative, Singular, Neuter; or Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΣΟΙ, ΟΣΑ

G4119

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PLAY-ohn

Translations: more, greater, much, many

Notes: This word is a comparative adjective meaning 'more' or 'greater' in quantity, number, or degree. It is often used to compare one thing to another, indicating an excess or superiority. It can also simply mean 'much' or 'many' when the comparison is implied or less explicit.

Inflection: Comparative adjective, inflects for gender (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter), number (Singular, Plural), and case (Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative).

Synonyms: ΜΕΙΖΩΝ, ΠΟΛΥΣ

Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'full' or 'many'. It is the comparative form of the adjective 'πολύς' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many'.

G2641

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-teh-LEI-peh-toh

Translations: was left behind, remained, was remaining, was abandoned

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata, 'down, against') and the verb λείπω (leipo, 'to leave'). It means to be left behind, to remain, or to be abandoned. It describes an action that was ongoing or repeated in the past, where something or someone was in a state of being left or remaining.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΜΕΝΩ, ΥΠΟΛΕΙΠΩ, ΑΠΟΛΕΙΠΩ

Etymology: The verb καταλείπω (kataleipo) is formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb λείπω (leipo), meaning 'to leave' or 'to abandon'. Its meaning evolved from 'to leave down' to 'to leave behind' or 'to abandon'.

G991

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EB-lep-on

Translations: they were seeing, they were looking, they were observing, they were perceiving

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'βλέπω' (blepō), meaning 'to see' or 'to look'. It describes an ongoing action of seeing or observing in the past. It can be used to indicate physical sight, but also to mean perceiving, understanding, or paying attention to something. For example, 'they were looking at the lights' or 'they were observing the situation'.

Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Active, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΟΡΑΩ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ, ΕΙΔΟΝ

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: hoo-fer-PON-tah

Translations: creeping over, spreading over, growing over, overspreading

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'creeping over' or 'spreading over'. It describes something that is in the process of extending or moving across a surface, often in a slow or insidious manner. It can be used to describe the spread of plants, diseases, or even abstract concepts like influence or corruption.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Neuter

Etymology: This word is a compound of the preposition ὑπέρ (hyper), meaning 'over' or 'above', and the verb ἕρπω (herpō), meaning 'to creep' or 'to crawl'.

G0846

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOYS

Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her

Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

G3918, G3867

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: par-EEN

Translations: was present, were present, was advising, was exhorting, was encouraging

Notes: This word is an inflected form that can come from two different Koine Greek verbs. It can be the imperfect active indicative, third person singular or plural, of ΠΑΡΕΙΜΙ, meaning 'to be present' or 'to be at hand'. In this sense, it describes someone or something being in a particular place or situation. Alternatively, it can be the imperfect active indicative, third person singular, of ΠΑΡΑΙΝΕΩ, meaning 'to advise', 'to exhort', or 'to encourage'. The specific meaning depends on the context of the sentence.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular or Plural (from ΠΑΡΕΙΜΙ); Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular (from ΠΑΡΑΙΝΕΩ)

Synonyms: ΕΝΔΗΜΕΩ, ΣΥΜΠΑΡΕΙΜΙ, ΣΥΜΒΟΥΛΕΥΩ

G1219

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: day-mo-SEE-ohn

Translations: of public, of the public, of common, of the common, of state, of the state, of official, of the official

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'public,' 'common,' 'belonging to the state,' or 'official.' It describes something that pertains to the people or the community as a whole, rather than to a private individual. It can be used to describe public affairs, public property, or public officials.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Etymology: From the Greek word ΔΗΜΟΣ (demos), meaning 'people' or 'district,' referring to the common people or a political division.

G2556

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: kah-KOHN

Translations: (of) bad things, (of) evils, (of) calamities, (of) troubles

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'ΚΑΚΟΣ', meaning 'bad' or 'evil'. When used substantively, as it often is in the genitive plural, it refers to 'evils', 'calamities', or 'troubles'. It describes things that are harmful, morally corrupt, or cause distress. It can be used to describe the source or nature of something negative.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΟΝΗΡΩΝ, ΦΑΥΛΩΝ, ΑΣΕΒΩΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'bad' or 'evil'. It is related to words signifying 'to hurt' or 'to wound'.

G4172, G0097

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: po-LEH-oh-SAI-ma

Translations: blood of the city, city's blood

Notes: This word appears to be a compound of 'ΠΟΛΕΩΣ' (poleos), the genitive form of 'ΠΟΛΙΣ' (polis) meaning 'city', and 'ΑΙΜΑ' (haima) meaning 'blood'. The combination 'ΠΟΛΕΩΣΑΙΜΑ' is highly unusual and not a standard Koine Greek compound. It is most likely a scribal error or a very rare, non-standard formation intended to mean 'the blood of the city' or 'city's blood'. It would refer to the lifeblood or vital essence of a city, often used metaphorically.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative (if a noun), or possibly a non-standard compound. The 'ΠΟΛΕΩΣ' part is Genitive.

G1759

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: en-DEH-ee-ah

Translations: lack, want, need, poverty, destitution, a lack, a want, a need, a poverty, a destitution

Notes: This noun refers to a state of lacking something, especially necessities, indicating want, need, or poverty. It describes a condition of destitution or insufficiency. It can be used in sentences to describe a general state of scarcity or a specific deficiency.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΕΝΙΑ, ΕΛΑΤΤΩΣΙΣ, ΕΛΛΕΙΨΙΣ

Etymology: The word ἘΝΔΕΙΑ (endeia) is derived from the verb ἐνδέω (endeo), meaning 'to lack' or 'to be in want of'. It is formed from the prefix ἐν- (en-), meaning 'in', and δέω (deo), meaning 'to bind' or 'to lack'.

G1907

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-PEH-kheh

Translations: held, was holding, restrained, was restraining, occupied, was occupying, applied, was applying, paid attention, was paying attention, continued, was continuing

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to hold, restrain, occupy, or apply. It can also mean to pay attention or to continue. It is often used to describe holding back or occupying a place or time. In some contexts, it can imply a continuous action or state.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΣΥΝΕΧΩ, ΚΩΛΥΩ

G4710

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: spa-NEH-ee-tohn

Translations: of scarcities, of lacks, of wants, of poverties

Notes: This word refers to a state of scarcity, lack, or want. It describes a situation where something is in short supply or is not available in sufficient quantities. It is used here in the genitive plural, indicating possession or origin related to multiple instances of scarcity.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΝΔΕΙΑ, ΑΠΟΡΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΣΠΑΝΙΣ (spanis) is derived from the adjective σπάνιος (spanios), meaning 'rare' or 'scarce'. It relates to the concept of something being infrequent or in short supply.

G2039

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ep-ee-TAY-dee-ohn

Translations: (of) necessities, (of) provisions, (of) supplies, (of) things necessary

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'suitable' or 'fit for use'. In its plural form, especially in the genitive case as seen here, it is often used substantively to refer to 'things that are necessary' or 'provisions' and 'supplies' for life, such as food or other essential items. It describes what is needed or appropriate for a particular purpose or situation.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ἈΝΑΓΚΑΙΩΝ, ΧΡΕΙΑΣ, ΠΟΡΙΣΜΟΥ

Etymology: From the Greek preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'to', and the verb τηδέω (tēdeō), meaning 'to care for' or 'to provide'. It refers to what is suitable or provided for a purpose.

G1250

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-eh-LYOO-ohn-toh

Translations: were dissolved, were broken up, were dispersed, were separated, were undone

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and the verb λύω (lyō), meaning 'to loose' or 'to release'. In the imperfect middle/passive voice, it describes an ongoing action in the past where something was being dissolved, broken up, or dispersed. It can refer to the breaking up of an assembly, the dissolution of a bond, or the dispersal of people.

Inflection: 3rd Person Plural, Imperfect, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΛΥΟΝΤΟ, ΔΙΑΣΚΟΡΠΙΖΟΝΤΟ, ΔΙΑΣΠΕΙΡΟΝΤΟ

G4716

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: stah-see-as-TAI

Translations: rebels, insurgents, rioters, revolutionaries

Notes: This word refers to individuals who engage in rebellion, sedition, or civil strife. It describes people who are involved in an uprising or a violent disturbance against authority or the established order. It is used to denote those who cause division or factionalism.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΤΑΤΑΙ, ΕΠΙΣΤΑΣΙΑΣΤΑΙ, ΤΑΡΑΧΟΠΟΙΟΙ

Etymology: The word ΣΤΑΣΙΑΣΤΗΣ (stasiastēs) is derived from the Greek word ΣΤΑΣΙΣ (stasis), meaning 'a standing, a party, a faction, sedition, rebellion'. It refers to someone who takes a stand or forms a faction, often in opposition to authority.

G2892

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: koo-FISS-mon

Translations: relief, alleviation, a relief, an alleviation

Notes: This word refers to the act of lightening a burden, providing relief, or alleviating a difficult situation. It describes the state or action of making something lighter or easier to bear, often in a metaphorical sense regarding troubles or burdens. It is a compound word derived from the verb 'κουφίζω' (kouphizo), meaning 'to lighten' or 'to relieve'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΝΕΣΙΣ, ΑΝΑΨΥΞΙΣ, ΠΑΡΑΜΥΘΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΚΟΥΦΙΣΜΟΣ (kouphismos) is derived from the verb κουφίζω (kouphizo), meaning 'to lighten' or 'to relieve'. This verb itself comes from the adjective κοῦφος (kouphos), meaning 'light' (in weight).

G3441

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: MOH-noos

Translations: alone, only, solitary, the only ones, the solitary ones

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'alone', 'only', or 'solitary'. It describes a state of being by oneself or being the sole instance of something. It can be used to emphasize uniqueness or isolation. In this form, it is the masculine plural accusative case, meaning it would typically modify a masculine plural noun that is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Accusative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΡΗΜΟΣ, ΙΔΙΟΣ

G0515

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ay-xee-OON

Translations: they were thinking worthy, they were deeming worthy, they were demanding, they were asking, they were requesting

Notes: This word is the third person plural imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'axioō'. It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past. It means 'to deem worthy,' 'to consider worthy,' 'to demand,' 'to ask,' or 'to request.' It implies that the subjects were considering something or someone to be deserving of a particular action or status, or that they were making a strong request or demand.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΑΙΤΕΩ, ΖΗΤΕΩ, ΔΕΟΜΑΙ

G4982

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: SOH-zes-thai

Translations: to be saved, to be delivered, to be preserved, to be made whole

Notes: This is the present passive infinitive form of the verb 'σῴζω' (sōzō). It means 'to be saved,' 'to be delivered,' or 'to be preserved.' It describes the state or action of someone or something being rescued, protected, or brought to safety by an external agent. It can be used in contexts of spiritual salvation, physical healing, or general preservation from danger.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΡΥΟΜΑΙ, ΔΙΑΣΩΖΩ, ΣΩΤΗΡΙΑ

G4255

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pro-ay-ray-MEH-noos

Translations: chosen beforehand, preferred, purposed, those chosen beforehand, those preferred

Notes: This is a perfect passive participle, accusative plural masculine, derived from the verb προαιρέω (prohaireō). It is a compound word formed from πρό (pro), meaning 'before', and αἱρέω (haireō), meaning 'to take' or 'to choose'. Therefore, it means 'to choose beforehand' or 'to prefer'. In this form, it refers to 'those who have been chosen beforehand' or 'those who have been preferred'. It describes individuals or groups that have been pre-selected or predetermined for a particular purpose or status.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine, Perfect Passive Participle

Synonyms: ΕΚΛΕΚΤΟΥΣ, ΠΡΟΟΡΙΣΜΕΝΟΥΣ

Etymology: The word προαιρέω (prohaireō) is a compound of πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of', and αἱρέω (haireō), meaning 'to take', 'to grasp', or 'to choose'. The combination signifies the act of choosing or taking something in advance.

G1727

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: eh-NAN-tee-on

Translations: opposite, contrary, hostile, in the presence of, before, against, an opposite thing

Notes: This word can function as an adjective, an adverb, or a preposition. As an adjective, it describes something as being opposite or contrary. As an adverb, it means 'opposite' or 'over against'. When used as a preposition, it typically takes the genitive case and means 'in the presence of', 'before', or 'against'. It denotes a position or action in opposition to or in front of something or someone.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ἈΝΤΙ, ΚΑΤΑ

Etymology: The word ἘΝΑΝΤΙΟΣ is a compound word formed from the preposition ἘΝ (in) and ἈΝΤΙΟΣ (opposite, facing).

G4128

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PLAY-thoss

Translations: multitude, a multitude, crowd, a crowd, great number, abundance, a great number

Notes: This word refers to a large number or quantity of people or things. It can be used to describe a crowd of people, a large amount of something, or a general abundance. For example, it might refer to a large gathering of disciples or a great quantity of fish.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΧΛΟΣ, ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΑΓΕΛΗ

Etymology: From the Greek root *pleth-* meaning 'to be full' or 'to fill'. It is related to words indicating fullness or abundance.

G5618

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: OH-sper

Translations: just as, as, even as, like, in the same way as

Notes: This word functions as a comparative adverb or conjunction, meaning 'just as' or 'even as'. It is used to introduce a clause that draws a comparison or analogy, indicating that something is happening or is true in the same manner or degree as something else. It emphasizes the similarity between two things or actions.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΑΠΕΡ

Etymology: From the adverb ὡς (hōs, "as") and the particle περ (per, "indeed, very"), emphasizing the comparison.

G0915

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: bar-BA-ron

Translations: barbarian, foreign, non-Greek, a barbarian, a foreign thing

Notes: This word describes someone who is not Greek, or who does not speak the Greek language. It often carries the connotation of being uncivilized, uncultured, or even savage, from the perspective of the Greeks. It can refer to a person, a people, or even a language or custom that is foreign.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΟΓΕΝΗΣ, ΞΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word is onomatopoeic, imitating the unintelligible sounds of foreign speech (like 'bar-bar'). It originated in Ancient Greek and was adopted into Koine Greek.

G1159

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: dah-pah-NOH-meh-non

Translations: being spent, being consumed, being wasted, being expended, being used up

Notes: This word is a present passive participle derived from the verb 'dapanao', meaning 'to spend' or 'to consume'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing something that is in the process of being spent, consumed, or wasted by an external force. It indicates an ongoing action of depletion or expenditure.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter, Present, Passive

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΛΙΣΚΟΜΕΝΟΝ, ΚΑΤΑΝΑΛΙΣΚΟΜΕΝΟΝ

Part of Speech: Unknown

Sounds like: pa-LIN-tays

Translations: unknown

Notes: It is not clear what this word means. It appears to be a misspelling or a very rare or obscure form of a word. It is not found in standard Koine Greek lexicons. It might be a garbled or badly misspelled form of a word related to 'πάλιν' (palin), meaning 'again' or 'back', or it could be a proper noun. Given the context, it might refer to a person or group, but its exact meaning is uncertain.

Inflection: Unknown

Etymology: Cannot find any information about the etymology of this specific word, as it is not a recognized entry in standard Koine Greek lexicons.

G1529

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: EYE-so-DOO

Translations: (of) entrance, (of) an entrance, (of) coming in, (of) a coming in, (of) way in, (of) a way in, (of) access, (of) an access

Notes: This word refers to the act of entering or coming in, or the place or means by which one enters, such as an entrance or a way in. It can also refer to the right or opportunity to enter, or access. It is a compound word formed from 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into' or 'to', and 'ὁδός' (hodos), meaning 'way' or 'road'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕἸΣΕΛΕΥΣΙΣ, ΠΡΟΣΑΓΩΓΗ

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣΟΔΟΣ is a compound of the preposition ΕἸΣ (eis), meaning 'into' or 'to', and the noun ὉΔΌΣ (hodos), meaning 'way' or 'road'. It literally means 'a way into'.

G3985

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: pei-ROH-me-noos

Translations: those who are trying, those who are attempting, those who are testing, those who are tempting, those who are experiencing

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle, meaning it describes an ongoing action being performed by or to the subject, while also functioning adjectivally. It refers to 'those who are trying, testing, or tempting' or 'those who are being tried, tested, or tempted.' It is used to describe a group of people engaged in such an action or undergoing such an experience.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Accusative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΟΚΙΜΑΖΟΝΤΑΣ, ΕΚΠΕΙΡΑΖΟΝΤΑΣ

G2690, G493

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: kah-tahr-ree-fthay-nahn-tee-TEH-khee-sahn-tes

Translations: having been thrown down and having built a wall against, having been cast down and having counter-fortified

Notes: This is a compound participle formed from two verbs: καταρρίπτω (katarriptō), meaning 'to throw down' or 'cast down', and ἀντιτειχίζω (antiteichizō), meaning 'to build a wall against' or 'to counter-fortify'. The word describes an action where something was first thrown or cast down, and then a counter-wall was built against it. It functions as an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, indicating that the subject performed the action of building a counter-wall after something had been thrown down.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

G0472

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: an-TES-khon

Translations: resisted, held out against, endured, opposed, clung to, devoted oneself to

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from ἀντί (anti, 'against') and ἔχω (echō, 'to have, to hold'). It means to hold oneself against something, to resist, or to endure. It can also mean to cling to something or to be devoted to someone or something. In the provided context, it describes a resistance or holding out against an attack or force.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ἈΝΘΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ, ἈΝΤΙΛΕΓΩ, ὙΠΟΜΕΝΩ

Etymology: The word ἀντέχω is a compound of the preposition ἀντί (anti), meaning 'against' or 'opposite', and the verb ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. Its meaning is derived from the combination of these two elements, signifying 'to hold against' or 'to resist'.

G2901, G2903

Part of Speech: Adverb, Participle

Sounds like: kar-teh-ROHS-ah-MY-noh-meh-noy

Translations: strongly defending, steadfastly warding off, bravely resisting

Notes: This is a compound phrase combining the adverb 'ΚΑΡΤΕΡΩΣ' (karterōs), meaning 'strongly' or 'steadfastly', with the participle 'ἈΜΥΝΟΜΕΝΟΙ' (amynomenoi), which comes from the verb 'ἀμύνω' (amynō) meaning 'to ward off' or 'to defend'. Together, it describes an action of defending or resisting with great strength and steadfastness. It would be used to describe people who are bravely and firmly defending themselves or a position.

Inflection: Plural, Middle/Passive Voice, Present Tense, Nominative Case, Masculine Gender

Synonyms: ἸΣΧΥΡΩΣ, ἈΝΤΙΣΤΑΜΕΝΟΙ

G4316

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-BAL-lon-tah

Translations: attacking, assailing, striking, throwing against, encountering, meeting, applying

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ΠΡΟΣΒΑΛΛΩ'. It describes an action of 'throwing against' or 'attacking'. It can be used to describe someone who is assaulting, assailing, or encountering something or someone. In a military context, it often refers to launching an attack or siege against a city or fortification. It can also mean to apply something to something else, or to meet someone.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΕΦΑΠΤΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΣΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

G5342

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-NENG-kan

Translations: they brought, they carried, they bore, they endured

Notes: This word is a verb in the aorist active indicative, third person plural form. It means 'they brought,' 'they carried,' 'they bore,' or 'they endured.' It describes an action that was completed in the past, often without emphasis on its duration. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'They brought the gifts' or 'They endured the hardship.'

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΓΩ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ, ΒΑΣΤΑΖΩ

G0971

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: bee-as-THEN-tes

Translations: having been forced, being compelled, suffering violence, having suffered violence

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'βιάζω', meaning 'to force' or 'to compel'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is ongoing, functioning like an adjective or adverb. In this form, it indicates that the subject has been subjected to force or compulsion by an external agent. It is often used to describe someone who has been violently treated or constrained.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Passive

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΓΚΑΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΝΑΓΚΑΖΩ

G3588, G3739, G2228

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G4387

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: PRO-teh-ron

Translations: before, formerly, first, earlier, a former thing, a prior thing

Notes: This word functions primarily as an adverb meaning 'before' or 'formerly' in time, indicating something that happened earlier or previously. It can also be the neuter singular form of the comparative adjective 'πρότερος', meaning 'prior' or 'former', often used substantively to refer to 'the former thing' or 'that which was before'. It is used to contrast with something that comes later.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (often used adverbially)

Synonyms: ΠΡΙΝ, ΠΑΛΑΙ, ΕΜΠΡΟΣΘΕΝ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ is a comparative form derived from the preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of'.

G0329

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-nah-FEW-goo-sin

Translations: flee up, flee back, flee away, escape

Notes: This verb means to flee upwards, backwards, or away, often implying an escape or retreat to a higher or safer place. It describes the action of withdrawing quickly from danger or an undesirable situation. It is a compound word formed from the prefix ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'back', and φεύγω (pheugō), meaning 'to flee'.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΦΕΥΓΩ, ἈΠΟΦΕΥΓΩ, ἘΚΦΕΥΓΩ

Etymology: The word ἀναφεύγω (anapheugō) is a compound of the prefix ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'back', and the verb φεύγω (pheugō), meaning 'to flee'. The prefix adds the nuance of fleeing to a higher place, back, or completely away.

G3778, G5098

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Noun

Sounds like: TOO-tay-KHOOS

Translations: of this wall, of this city wall

Notes: This is a compound phrase combining the genitive singular masculine/neuter form of the demonstrative pronoun 'οὗτος' (this) and the genitive singular of the noun 'τεῖχος' (wall, city wall). It refers to the wall of a specific object or place being discussed. It is used to indicate possession or association, meaning 'belonging to this wall' or 'of this wall'.

Inflection: Demonstrative Pronoun: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter; Noun: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΤΟΥΤΟΥ ΤΕΙΧΟΥΣ

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: pros-ARK-tee-on

Translations: northern, northern part, the north

Notes: This word is a compound word derived from 'πρός' (pros, towards) and 'ἄρκτος' (arktos, bear, referring to the Great Bear constellation and thus the north). It describes something that is northern or pertains to the north. It can be used as an adjective to modify a noun, or as a substantive noun referring to the northern region or part.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΒΟΡΕΙΟΣ, ΑΡΚΤΙΚΟΣ

Etymology: This word is a compound formed from the preposition 'πρός' (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and 'ἄρκτος' (arktos), meaning 'bear' or 'north'. The suffix '-ιον' is a diminutive or locative ending, indicating a place or a quality related to the root.

G3956

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: PAN

Translations: all, every, whole, everything, a whole

Notes: This word is the neuter nominative or accusative singular form of the adjective/pronoun ΠΑΣ (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'. It is used to indicate totality or universality. For example, it can mean 'all things' or 'everything' when used substantively, or 'the whole' when modifying a singular noun. It can also be used to mean 'every' when referring to individual items within a group.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ

Etymology: The word ΠΑΣ (pas) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *peh₂- meaning 'to protect, feed'. Its meaning evolved to 'all' or 'whole' in Greek.

G3313

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: meh-seem-BREE-an

Translations: south, noon, midday, a south wind

Notes: This word refers to the direction of the south or the time of midday/noon. It can also refer to the south wind. It is a compound word formed from 'μέσος' (middle) and 'ἡμέρα' (day), literally meaning 'middle of the day'. In the provided examples, it is used to indicate the direction 'south'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΝΟΤΟΣ, ΜΕΣΟΝΥΚΤΙΟΝ

Etymology: The word ΜΕΣΗΜΒΡΙΑ (mesēmbria) is a compound of μέσος (mesos, "middle") and ἡμέρα (hēmera, "day"). It originally referred to midday or noon, and by extension, the direction of the sun at noon, which is south.

G5432

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: phroo-RAS

Translations: of a guard, of a garrison, of a watch, of a prison, guard, garrison, watch, prison

Notes: This word refers to a guard, a garrison, a watch, or a prison. It can denote a body of soldiers stationed to guard a place, the act of guarding, or the place where one is guarded or confined. It is used to describe protection or custody.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΤΗΡΗΣΙΣ, ΦΥΛΑΚΗ

Etymology: From φρουρός (phrouros, "a guard"), which is from προ- (pro-, "before") and ὁράω (horaō, "to see"). Thus, literally "one who sees before" or "one who watches over."

G1707

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: eng-ka-tas-TE-sas

Translations: having appointed, having established, having set up, having placed, having installed

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the preposition ΕΝ (in, among), ΚΑΤΑ (down, against), and the verb ΙΣΤΗΜΙ (to stand, to set). It means to set up, appoint, or establish someone or something in a place or position. As an aorist active participle, it describes an action completed in the past by the subject, often translated as 'having appointed' or 'having established'. It can be used to describe the act of installing a leader, establishing a system, or placing something firmly in a location.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΚΑΘΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΟΡΙΖΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the prepositions ΕΝ (en, 'in') and ΚΑΤΑ (kata, 'down'), combined with the verb ΙΣΤΗΜΙ (histēmi, 'to stand, to set'). The combination implies setting something firmly in a place or position.

G4316

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-BAL-lain

Translations: to attack, to assault, to throw against, to apply, to bring to bear, to strike, to cast

Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning 'to throw or cast against' or 'to attack'. It is often used in military contexts to describe an assault or an attack on a city or enemy. It can also mean to apply something, like a remedy, or to bring something to bear upon a situation. The word is formed from the preposition 'πρός' (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and the verb 'βάλλω' (ballo), meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast'.

Inflection: Present Active Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΤΙΘΕΜΑΙ, ΕΦΟΔΕΥΩ, ΕΠΙΧΕΙΡΕΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ΠΡΟΣ (pros), meaning 'to, towards, with', and the verb ΒΑΛΛΩ (ballo), meaning 'to throw, cast'.

G2029