2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G3303

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN

Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however

Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.

G4295

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: proo-KO-pten

Translations: was advancing, was progressing, was proceeding, was making progress, was going forward, was succeeding

Notes: This word describes the act of advancing, progressing, or moving forward, often implying improvement or success. It can be used to describe a person's growth, the development of a situation, or the progress of an action. In this form, it indicates a continuous or repeated action in the past.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΒΑΙΝΩ, ΠΡΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ΕΥΟΔΟΩ

Etymology: The word προκόπτω is a compound word formed from the preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'forward,' and the verb κόπτω (koptō), meaning 'to cut' or 'to strike.' Originally, it referred to cutting a path through obstacles to advance, such as clearing a road. Over time, it evolved to mean making progress or advancing in a more general sense.

G2543

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: KAI-toy

Translations: and yet, although, though, nevertheless, yet, even though

Notes: ΚΑΙΤΟΙ is a conjunction or adverb used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or qualifies what has just been said. It often implies a sense of 'and yet' or 'nevertheless,' indicating a concession or a surprising fact. It can be used to introduce a counter-argument or to emphasize a point despite previous information.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙΠΕΡ, ΟΜΩΣ, ΠΛΗΝ

Etymology: ΚΑΙΤΟΙ is a compound word formed from the conjunction ΚΑΙ (kai, 'and, also, even') and the particle ΤΟΙ (toi, 'indeed, surely'). It emphasizes the 'and yet' or 'nevertheless' aspect.

G4183

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: POL-lah

Translations: much, many, great, abundant, often, greatly, many things

Notes: This word is an inflection of the adjective 'ΠΟΛΥΣ' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many'. As an adjective, 'ΠΟΛΛΑ' typically functions as the neuter plural nominative or accusative, meaning 'many things' or 'much'. It can also function as an adverb, meaning 'often' or 'greatly'. It is used to indicate a large quantity or frequency.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative (of the adjective ΠΟΛΥΣ); or Adverb

Synonyms: ΠΛΕΙΩΝ, ΙΚΑΝΟΣ

G2559

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: kah-koo-MEH-nohn

Translations: of those being ill-treated, of those being afflicted, of those being harmed, of those being oppressed

Notes: This word is a present passive participle, meaning 'being ill-treated' or 'being afflicted'. It describes individuals or things that are currently undergoing harm, suffering, or oppression. It is used to indicate the state or condition of being subjected to evil or hardship by an external force.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΘΛΙΒΟΜΕΝΩΝ, ΠΑΣΧΟΝΤΩΝ, ΒΑΣΑΝΙΖΟΜΕΝΩΝ

Etymology: The word κακόω (kakóō) comes from the Greek word κακός (kakós), meaning 'bad' or 'evil'. The verb form means to make bad, harm, or afflict.

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G3992

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: PEM-psas

Translations: having sent, one who sent, he who sent, when he had sent

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'πέμπω' (pempō), meaning 'to send'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that occurred prior to the main verb. It can be translated as 'having sent' or 'one who sent', indicating the person or thing that performed the action of sending.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ, ΙΣΤΗΜΙ

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOS

Translations: he, she, it, they, him, her, it, them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, same, very

Notes: ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is a versatile word in Koine Greek. As a third-person pronoun, it translates to 'he, she, it' or 'they' in the nominative case, and 'him, her, it' or 'them' in other cases. When used intensively, often in the nominative or immediately following the noun, it means 'himself, herself, itself, themselves' or 'even, very'. When used as an adjective with the definite article (e.g., 'ὁ αὐτὸς'), it means 'the same'. Its meaning depends on its grammatical function and position in the sentence.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΣ, ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a pronominal stem *au- or *aw-.

G3350

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: moy-RAHN-tohn

Translations: sharing, dividing, distributing, having a share, of those sharing, of those dividing

Notes: This word is a present active participle, genitive plural, masculine or neuter, derived from the verb 'ΜΟΙΡΑΩ' (moirao), meaning 'to share' or 'to divide'. It refers to 'those who are sharing' or 'those who are dividing'. In a sentence, it would describe a group of people or things that are actively involved in the act of sharing or distributing something, or who possess a share of something. For example, 'the soldiers sharing the spoils' or 'the ones dividing the land'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΜΕΡΙΖΟΝΤΩΝ, ΔΙΑΔΙΔΟΝΤΩΝ

Etymology: The verb 'ΜΟΙΡΑΩ' (moirao) comes from the noun 'ΜΟΙΡΑ' (moira), meaning 'part, share, lot'. This noun is ultimately derived from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to divide' or 'to distribute'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

G5329

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: fah-rang-GAS

Translations: ravines, gorges, valleys

Notes: This word refers to a ravine, gorge, or valley, typically a deep and narrow one. It is used to describe geographical features, often implying a chasm or a deep cut in the earth. In the provided examples, it is used in the plural to refer to multiple such features that are being filled or are full.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Feminine

Synonyms: ΧΑΡΑΔΡΑ, ΚΟΙΛΑΔΑ

Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to φάραγος (pharagos), meaning 'chasm' or 'gulf'.

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to

Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.

G4795, G5160

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: syng-koh-mee-dee-TROH-fays

Translations: of the collection of food, of the gathering of provisions, of the harvest of food

Notes: This is a compound word formed from 'συγκομιδή' (sygkomidē), meaning 'gathering in' or 'harvest,' and 'τροφή' (trophē), meaning 'food' or 'nourishment.' Therefore, it refers to the act of gathering or collecting food, essentially a 'food harvest' or 'provision collection.' It describes the process of bringing in sustenance.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΥΛΛΟΓΗ, ΚΑΡΠΟΦΟΡΙΑ, ΕΔΕΣΜΑ

G1831

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eks-ee-ON-tas

Translations: going out, coming out, departing, a going out, a coming out, a departing

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'going out' or 'coming out'. It describes an action that is currently happening or ongoing. It is often used to describe someone or something moving from an inside location to an outside one, or from one place to another, indicating a departure or emergence.

Inflection: Masculine, Accusative, Plural, Present, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ἈΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ἘΚΒΑΙΝΩ, ΠΡΟΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

G1747

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: en-ed-ROO-eh-in

Translations: to lie in wait, to ambush, to plot against

Notes: This word means to lie in wait for someone, to set an ambush, or to plot against them. It describes the act of hiding and waiting for an opportune moment to attack or capture, often with malicious intent. It is used to describe a deceptive and hostile action.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΒΟΥΛΕΥΩ, ΛΟΧΑΩ

Etymology: The word ἘΝΕΔΡΕΥΩ is derived from the Greek words ἐν (en), meaning 'in', and ἕδρα (hedra), meaning 'seat' or 'place', combined with the verbal suffix -εύω. It literally means 'to be in a place' or 'to sit in a place' with the implication of waiting or lying in ambush.

G2532

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G3765

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: ook-EH-tee

Translations: no longer, no more, not yet, not still

Notes: This is a compound adverb formed from the negative particle 'οὐκ' (not) and the adverb 'ἔτι' (yet, still). It signifies the cessation of a state or action, meaning 'no longer' or 'no more'. It can also mean 'not yet' in certain contexts, indicating that something has not happened up to the present time. It is used to express that something that was true or happening is no longer the case.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΚΕΤΙ, ΟΥ̓Κ, ἜΤΙ

Etymology: The word ΟΥ̓ΚΕΤΙ is a compound of the negative particle ΟΥ̓Κ (not) and the adverb ἜΤΙ (yet, still).

G1330

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: dee-ar-koo-MEH-noy

Translations: having enough, being sufficient, being sustained, being endured

Notes: This word is a present passive/middle participle, meaning 'being sufficient' or 'having enough'. It describes someone or something that is being sustained or has enough of something. It can also mean 'being endured' or 'lasting'. In a sentence, it would describe the state of a subject, often indicating their capacity or resources.

Inflection: Present, Passive/Middle, Participle, Masculine, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΡΚΟΥΜΕΝΟΙ, ΙΚΑΝΟΥΜΕΝΟΙ

G0724

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ar-pa-GAIS

Translations: (to) plunderings, (to) robberies, (to) extortions

Notes: This word refers to acts of plundering, robbery, or extortion. It describes the violent seizure of property or goods. In this form, it is a plural dative noun, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for' in English.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΛΗΣΤΕΙΑΙ, ΔΙΑΡΠΑΓΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΑΡΠΑΓΗ comes from the verb ἁρπάζω (harpazō), meaning 'to seize', 'to snatch away', or 'to carry off by force'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G4119

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: PLEH-on

Translations: more, a greater amount, a greater number, further, moreover, besides

Notes: This word signifies 'more' or 'greater' and can function as both an adjective and an adverb. As an adjective, it describes a larger quantity or degree of something. As an adverb, it indicates an increase in action or extent, often translated as 'further' or 'moreover'. It is the neuter singular form of the adjective 'πλέων'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative (as an adjective); Does not inflect (as an adverb)

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΣΣΟΤΕΡΟΝ, ΜΑΛΛΟΝ

Etymology: The word 'πλέων' (pleōn) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to fill' or 'full'. It is related to words signifying abundance or completion.

G0891

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ow-toh-moh-LEH-in

Translations: to desert, to go over, to defect, to betray, to revolt

Notes: ΑΥ̓ΤΟΜΟΛΕΙΝ is the present active infinitive form of the verb ΑΥ̓ΤΟΜΟΛΕΩ. It is a compound word formed from ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ (autos, meaning 'self' or 'same') and ΜΟΛΕΙΝ (molein, the aorist infinitive of βλώσκω, blōskō, meaning 'to go' or 'to come'). Thus, it literally means 'to go by oneself' or 'to go of one's own accord', which evolved to mean to desert or defect, especially in a military or political context. It describes the act of abandoning one's allegiance or group to join an opposing one.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ἈΦΙΣΤΑΝΑΙ, ΠΡΟΔΙΔΟΝΑΙ, ἈΠΟΣΤΑΤΕΙΝ

Etymology: The verb ΑΥ̓ΤΟΜΟΛΕΩ is derived from the ancient Greek words ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ (autos), meaning 'self', and ΜΟΛΕΙΝ (molein), the aorist infinitive of βλώσκω (blōskō), meaning 'to go' or 'to come'. It describes the action of going over to the other side by one's own will.

G0654

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-peh-TREH-peh

Translations: he was turning away, he was averting, he was dissuading, he was deterring

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to turn away', 'to avert', 'to dissuade', or 'to deter'. It is often used to describe the action of causing someone or something to change direction or purpose, either physically or metaphorically. It can imply preventing an action or turning someone from a course of action.

Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΤΡΕΠΩ, ΑΠΟΚΛΙΝΩ, ΑΠΟΦΕΥΓΩ

G4012

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

G1167

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: DEH-os

Translations: fear, awe, reverence, dread, a fear, an awe, a reverence, a dread

Notes: ΔΕΟΣ is a neuter noun meaning fear, awe, or reverence. It describes a feeling of profound respect mixed with fear or wonder, often in the presence of something powerful or divine. It can be used to express a sense of dread or terror, but also a respectful awe.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΦΟΒΟΣ, ΤΡΟΜΟΣ, ΦΡΙΚΗ

Etymology: The word ΔΕΟΣ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *dwey- meaning 'to fear'. It is related to other Greek words expressing fear or flight.

G1063

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G2990

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: lay-SEH-sthai

Translations: to escape notice, to be hidden, to be forgotten, to escape, to lie hidden, to be unobserved

Notes: This word is the future middle/passive infinitive form of the verb λανθάνω (lanthanō). It means 'to escape notice,' 'to be hidden,' or 'to be forgotten.' It describes an action where someone or something remains unobserved or goes unnoticed. It can also imply doing something secretly or without others knowing.

Inflection: Future, Middle or Passive Voice, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΚΡΥΠΤΩ, ΑΦΑΝΙΖΩ

G4716

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: stah-see-AS-tas

Translations: rebels, insurgents, seditionists

Notes: This word refers to individuals who engage in or instigate civil strife, rebellion, or sedition. It describes someone who causes unrest or takes part in an uprising against authority. In a sentence, it would typically be used to describe a group of people involved in such activities.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΤΑΤΗΣ, ΑΝΤΙΤΑΚΤΗΣ

Etymology: The word ΣΤΑΣΙΑΣΤΗΣ (stasiastēs) is derived from the Greek word στάσις (stasis), meaning 'a standing, a party, a faction, dissension, sedition'. It refers to someone who is part of a faction or causes division.

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G1265

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: dee-ah-dee-DRAS-kon-tes

Translations: escaping, fleeing through, running away, getting away

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'διαδιδράσκω', meaning 'to run through' or 'to escape'. It describes someone who is in the act of escaping or fleeing, often implying a successful evasion or getting away from a dangerous situation. It is a compound word formed from 'διά' (through, across) and 'διδράσκω' (to run away, flee).

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Plural, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΦΕΥΓΟΝΤΕΣ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΡΑΣΚΟΝΤΕΣ

Etymology: The word 'διαδιδράσκω' is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'διά' (dia), meaning 'through' or 'across', and the verb 'διδράσκω' (didraskō), meaning 'to run away' or 'to flee'. The prefix 'διά' intensifies the action of fleeing, suggesting a complete or successful escape.

G2641

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-li-PEIN

Translations: to leave behind, to abandon, to forsake, to desert, to depart from, to bequeath

Notes: This word is an aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'καταλείπω'. It is a compound verb formed from 'κατά' (down, against) and 'λείπω' (to leave). It means to leave something or someone behind, to abandon, or to forsake. It can also refer to leaving something as a legacy or inheritance. It is often used in contexts where someone departs from a place, leaves a person, or abandons a practice.

Inflection: Infinitive, Aorist, Active

Synonyms: ΑΦΙΗΜΙ, ΕΚΛΕΙΠΩ, ΑΠΟΛΕΙΠΩ

G5278

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-peh-MEH-non

Translations: endured, persevered, remained, waited patiently

Notes: This is an inflected form of the verb 'ὑπομένω' (hypomenō), meaning 'to endure', 'to persevere', 'to remain under', or 'to wait patiently'. It is a compound word formed from 'ὑπό' (hypo), meaning 'under', and 'μένω' (menō), meaning 'to remain' or 'to abide'. The imperfect tense indicates an ongoing or repeated action in the past, or the beginning of an action. It can describe someone who was enduring, persevering, or remaining.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular or 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΑΝΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΡΤΕΡΕΩ

G5228

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-PER

Translations: over, above, for, on behalf of, concerning, beyond, more than

Notes: ΥΠΕΡ is a Koine Greek preposition. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often means 'on behalf of', 'for the sake of', 'concerning', or 'instead of'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'over', 'above', 'beyond', or 'more than', often indicating position or motion.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΙ, ΠΕΡΙ, ΑΝΤΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *uperi, meaning 'over, above'. It is cognate with English 'over' and Latin 'super'.

G4969

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: sfah-gee-SOH-meh-nah

Translations: about to be slaughtered, to be slain, about to be sacrificed, to be killed

Notes: This word is a future passive participle derived from the verb 'σφάζω' (sphazō), meaning 'to slaughter' or 'to slay'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing something that is 'about to be slaughtered' or 'destined for slaughter'. It can also function substantively as a noun, referring to 'those things or beings that are about to be slaughtered'.

Inflection: Future, Passive, Participle, Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΘΥΣΟΜΕΝΑ, ΑΠΟΚΤΕΝΟΥΜΕΝΑ

Etymology: The word 'σφάζω' (sphazō) is of uncertain origin, possibly onomatopoeic, imitating the sound of striking or cutting.

G4314

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G1841

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: EX-oh-doos

Translations: exits, departures, ways out, ways of escape, ways of going out, outcomes, expenses, expenditures

Notes: This word refers to a way out, a departure, or an exit. It can also denote an outcome or the end of something, or even an expenditure or expense. In a sentence, it would describe the means or act of going out from a place or situation.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΒΑΣΙΣ, ΕΚΒΑΣΙΣ, ΕΚΦΟΡΑ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἔξοδος (exodos), from ἐξ (ex, 'out of') + ὁδός (hodos, 'way, path').

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G3042

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: LEE-mos

Translations: famine, a famine, hunger

Notes: This word refers to a severe scarcity of food, leading to widespread hunger and starvation. It is commonly used to describe a period of great want or scarcity, often with devastating consequences for a region or its people. It can also refer more generally to hunger itself.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΠΕΙΝΑ, ΑΥΧΜΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'λιμός' (limos) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to a root meaning 'to lack' or 'to be hungry'. It has been used in Greek since ancient times to denote hunger or famine.

G2641

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-teh-LEI-peh-toh

Translations: was left behind, remained, was remaining, was abandoned

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata, 'down, against') and the verb λείπω (leipo, 'to leave'). It means to be left behind, to remain, or to be abandoned. It describes an action that was ongoing or repeated in the past, where something or someone was in a state of being left or remaining.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΜΕΝΩ, ΥΠΟΛΕΙΠΩ, ΑΠΟΛΕΙΠΩ

Etymology: The verb καταλείπω (kataleipo) is formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb λείπω (leipo), meaning 'to leave' or 'to abandon'. Its meaning evolved from 'to leave down' to 'to leave behind' or 'to abandon'.

G2990

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: lan-THA-non-tas

Translations: escaping notice, being hidden, secretly, unawares, without being seen, unnoticed

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'λανθάνω'. It describes an action that is done without being noticed or seen, or a state of being hidden or unknown. It can function adverbially, meaning 'secretly' or 'unawares', or adjectivally, describing something that is hidden or escapes notice.

Inflection: Present, Active, Masculine, Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΡΥΠΤΩ, ΑΦΑΝΗΣ

G4190

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: po-LEH-mee-oos

Translations: enemies, hostile ones

Notes: This word refers to those who are hostile or at war with someone. It is often used as a substantive noun to mean 'enemies' or 'adversaries'. In a sentence, it would typically describe a group of people who are in opposition or conflict.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΧΘΡΟΥΣ, ΑΝΤΙΚΕΙΜΕΝΟΥΣ

Etymology: The word πόλεμος (polemos) means 'war' or 'battle'. The suffix -ιος (-ios) is used to form adjectives indicating belonging or relation. Thus, πολεμίος means 'belonging to war' or 'hostile', and by extension, 'an enemy'.

G0251

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-lis-KES-thai

Translations: to be captured, to be taken, to be caught, to be conquered

Notes: This word is the present passive infinitive form of the verb 'ἁλίσκω' (haliskō), meaning 'to be captured' or 'to be taken'. It describes the state of being seized, caught, or overcome, often in a military or legal context. It is used to express that someone or something is undergoing the action of being captured or apprehended by another.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Passive

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΕΣΘΑΙ, ΚΡΑΤΕΙΣΘΑΙ

Etymology: The word ἁλίσκω (haliskō) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to ἁλών (halōn), meaning 'captured' or 'taken'. It is an ancient Greek verb with a long history of usage.

G2983

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: lam-ba-NO-me-noy

Translations: being taken, being received, being seized, those being taken, those being received, those being seized

Notes: This word is a present passive participle, meaning 'being taken' or 'being received'. It describes an action that is currently happening to the subject, indicating that they are the recipients of the action of taking or receiving. It can function adjectivally, describing nouns, or substantively, referring to 'those who are being taken/received'.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine; or Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΕΝΟΙ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΟΜΕΝΟΙ

G2596

Part of Speech: Prefix, Preposition

Sounds like: KAT

Translations: down, against, according to, throughout, during

Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down', 'against', 'according to', 'throughout', or 'during'. It is frequently used as a prefix in compound verbs and nouns, indicating a downward motion, completion, intensity, or opposition. For example, in 'κατέβη' (katebē), it means 'went down', and in 'καταπιεῖν' (katapiein), it means 'to swallow down'. The final alpha (α) is often dropped when the next word or part of the compound begins with a vowel, or when it's followed by certain consonants.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix); functions as a preposition that takes the genitive or accusative case.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmt- 'down, with, against'. It is a common Greek preposition that has been used since ancient times.

G0297

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-MOO-non-toh

Translations: they defended, they warded off, they repelled, they resisted, they assisted

Notes: This verb means to ward off, defend, repel, or assist. In the middle voice, as it appears here, it specifically means to defend oneself or to ward off for oneself. It describes an action of resistance or protection against an attack or threat.

Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Middle Voice, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΚΡΟΥΩ, ΑΝΘΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ, ΒΟΗΘΕΩ

Etymology: The word ἀμύνω (amynō) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to a root meaning 'to keep off' or 'to ward off'.

G2428, G0001

Part of Speech: Verb, Adjective

Sounds like: Hee-keh-TEH-yain ah-OH-ron

Translations: to supplicate untimely, to implore prematurely, to beg out of season, to entreat unseasonably

Notes: This is a compound phrase formed by joining two words: 'ΙΚΕΤΕΥΕΙΝ' (hiketeyin), which is the present active infinitive of the verb 'ἱκετεύω' (hiketeyo), meaning 'to supplicate' or 'to implore,' and 'ἈΩΡΟΝ' (aōron), which is the accusative singular neuter form of the adjective 'ἄωρος' (aōros), meaning 'untimely' or 'premature.' When combined, it describes the act of supplicating or imploring in an untimely or premature manner. It suggests a request made at an inappropriate time or before the proper moment.

Inflection: Present Active Infinitive (ΙΚΕΤΕΥΕΙΝ), Accusative Singular Neuter (ἈΩΡΟΝ)

G1380

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-DOH-kay

Translations: it seemed, it appeared, it was thought, he seemed, she seemed, it was decided, it was pleasing

Notes: This word is the third person singular imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'δοκέω' (dokeō). It means 'to seem', 'to appear', or 'to be thought'. In the imperfect tense, it describes an action that was ongoing or repeated in the past, or a state that existed in the past. It can also convey the idea of something being decided or pleasing to someone.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΦΑΙΝΩ, ΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word δοκέω (dokeō) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *dek- which means 'to take, accept, receive'. Over time, its meaning evolved to 'to seem, to appear' in Greek, implying an acceptance or perception of something as true or apparent.

G4264

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pro-ba-sa-NEE-zo-me-noy

Translations: being tormented beforehand, being tortured beforehand, being examined beforehand

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the prefix 'πρό' (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of', and the verb 'βασανίζω' (basanizo), meaning 'to torment', 'to torture', or 'to examine by torture'. The word describes someone who is undergoing torment or examination before a main event or action. It implies a preliminary or preparatory suffering or scrutiny.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΤΥΠΤΩ, ΠΡΟΚΟΛΑΖΩ

G2288, G3956

Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: THA-na-TOO, PA-san

Translations: of death, all, every, whole

Notes: This appears to be a juxtaposition of two separate Koine Greek words: ΘΑΝΑΤΟΥ (thanatou) and ΠΑΣΑΝ (pasan). ΘΑΝΑΤΟΥ is the genitive singular form of the noun ΘΑΝΑΤΟΣ (thanatos), meaning 'death'. ΠΑΣΑΝ is the accusative feminine singular form of the adjective ΠΑΣ (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'. When combined in a phrase, it would mean 'of all death' or 'of every death', or 'all of death'. It is not a single compound word.

Inflection: ΘΑΝΑΤΟΥ: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter; ΠΑΣΑΝ: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΘΝΗΣΚΩ, ΟΛΟΣ

G0090

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ai-KEE-ah

Translations: injury, an injury, outrage, an outrage, insult, an insult, abuse, an abuse, torture, a torture

Notes: This word refers to an act of injury, outrage, or abuse. It can describe physical harm, but also verbal or emotional mistreatment. It is used to denote suffering caused by another's actions, often implying a degree of violence or injustice. In a sentence, it would typically function as the object of a verb, indicating what is inflicted upon someone.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΥΒΡΙΣ, ΚΑΚΙΑ, ΒΙΑ

Etymology: The word Αἰκία (aikía) is derived from the verb αἰκίζω (aikízō), meaning 'to maltreat, to outrage'. Its ultimate origin is uncertain, but it is related to concepts of violence and ill-treatment.

G0473

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: AN-tee-KROO

Translations: opposite, directly opposite, in front of, face to face, over against

Notes: This word is an adverb that indicates a position or direction. It means 'opposite' or 'directly in front of' something or someone. It can also convey the sense of 'face to face' or 'over against'. It is used to describe location or confrontation.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΝΑΝΤΙ, ΕΝΑΝΤΙΟΝ

Etymology: From ἀντί (anti, "against") and κρύπτω (kruptō, "to hide"), literally meaning "against what is hidden" or "in plain sight, not hidden".

G3767, G3628

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: OON-oyk-TRON

Translations: therefore pitiable, then miserable, so wretched, therefore pitiful, then pitiful

Notes: This word is a compound of the particle οὖν (oun), meaning 'therefore' or 'then', and the adjective οἰκτρός (oiktros), meaning 'pitiable' or 'miserable'. It describes something as being 'therefore pitiable' or 'so miserable', emphasizing the consequence of a preceding statement. It functions as an adjective modifying a neuter noun, or as an adverbial phrase.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΔΙΟ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥΝ, ΤΑΛΑΙΠΩΡΟΣ

G3804

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PA-thos

Translations: suffering, a suffering, passion, a passion, emotion, an emotion, affliction, an affliction, experience, an experience

Notes: This word refers to anything that is experienced or undergone, often with a connotation of suffering, pain, or strong emotion. It can denote a physical or mental affliction, a strong feeling or passion, or simply an experience. It is used to describe both negative experiences like suffering and more neutral ones like an event or an emotion.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΠΑΘΕΙΑ, ΘΛΙΨΙΣ, ΠΟΝΟΣ

Etymology: From the root of πάσχω (paschō), meaning 'to suffer' or 'to experience'. It refers to that which is experienced or undergone.

G2716

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-teh-FAH-ee-neh-toh

Translations: appeared, was appearing, became visible, was shown, was made clear

Notes: This word describes something that was appearing, becoming visible, or being shown. It is often used to indicate that something became evident or clear, or that someone was revealed in a certain way. It is a compound word formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb φαίνω (phainō), meaning 'to shine' or 'to appear'.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΦΑΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΔΗΛΟΩ, ΕΜΦΑΝΙΖΩ

G4000

Part of Speech: Numeral, Adjective

Sounds like: pen-tah-ko-SEE-ohn

Translations: of five hundred, five hundred

Notes: This word is a numeral meaning 'five hundred'. It is used to indicate a quantity of 500. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, indicating that there are 500 of that noun. It is a compound word formed from 'πέντε' (five) and 'ἑκατόν' (hundred).

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders

Etymology: The word ΠΕΝΤΑΚΟΣΙΟΙ (pentakosioi) is a compound word derived from the Greek numeral πέντε (pente), meaning 'five', and the word ἑκατόν (hekaton), meaning 'hundred'.

G1510, G1161

Part of Speech: Verb, Conjunction

Sounds like: ES-tee DEH

Translations: but it is, and it is, it is, moreover it is

Notes: This is a compound phrase formed from the verb 'ἐστί' (esti), meaning 'it is', and the postpositive conjunction 'δέ' (de), meaning 'but', 'and', or 'moreover'. Together, 'ἐστι δὲ' typically means 'but it is' or 'and it is', often used to introduce a new clause, provide a contrast, or add emphasis to a statement. It functions as a connective phrase within a sentence.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Present, Indicative (for ΕΙΜΙ); Does not inflect (for ΔΕ)

G3753

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: OH-teh

Translations: when, whenever, at which time

Notes: This word functions as a temporal adverb or conjunction, indicating a point or period in time. It is used to introduce a clause that specifies when an action occurs or occurred, similar to 'when' or 'whenever' in English. It can refer to a specific past event or a general, recurring condition.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΗΝΙΚΑ, ΟΠΟΤΕ

Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun 'ho' (the) and the particle 'te' (then, at that time). It originally meant 'at that time when'.

G0251

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hah-lis-KO-meh-nohn

Translations: being captured, being taken, being caught, being overcome, being convicted, being found guilty

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle, meaning 'being captured' or 'being taken'. It describes someone or something that is in the process of being seized, caught, or overcome. It can also refer to being convicted or found guilty in a legal sense. In the provided context, it refers to people being captured or taken.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΟΜΕΝΩΝ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΟΜΕΝΩΝ

Etymology: The word ἁλίσκομαι (haliskomai) is an ancient Greek verb meaning 'to be captured' or 'to be taken'. It is a passive form of a lost active verb, related to the root of words meaning 'to take' or 'to seize'.

G2983, G863

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: LEHF-then-tas a-FEI-nai

Translations: to let go those who have been taken, to release those who have been captured

Notes: This is a compound phrase formed by the aorist passive participle of 'λαμβάνω' (to take, receive) and the aorist infinitive of 'ἀφίημι' (to send away, let go, forgive). Together, it means 'to let go those who have been taken' or 'to release those who have been captured'. It describes the action of setting free individuals who were previously seized or imprisoned.

Inflection: ΛΗΦΘΕΝΤΑΣ: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Accusative, Plural; ἈΦΕΙΝΑΙ: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

G0795

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: as-fa-LES

Translations: safe, secure, certain, sure, a safe thing, a certain thing

Notes: This word describes something as safe, secure, or certain. It implies a state of being free from danger, doubt, or risk. It can be used to describe a place, a fact, or a condition that is reliable and trustworthy.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΒΕΒΑΙΟΣ, ΣΤΕΡΕΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΣΦΑΛΗΣ (asphalēs) comes from the prefix ἀ- (a-), meaning 'not' or 'without', and σφάλλω (sphallō), meaning 'to cause to fall' or 'to stumble'. Thus, it literally means 'not falling' or 'unfailing', leading to the sense of secure, safe, and certain.

G5442

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: foo-LAT-tayn

Translations: to guard, to keep, to observe, to protect, to preserve, to watch over

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to guard, keep, or protect. It can be used in various contexts, such as guarding a place, keeping a command or law, observing a custom, or protecting someone from harm. It implies a sense of careful oversight and preservation.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΤΗΡΕΩ, ΔΙΑΦΥΛΑΣΣΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΧΩ

Etymology: The word ΦΥΛΑΣΣΩ comes from the Greek word φύλαξ (phylax), meaning 'a guard' or 'a watcher'.

G5442, G3512

Part of Speech: Participle, Noun

Sounds like: foo-LAX-on-TON-eh-OH-ra

Translations: of those who will guard, of those who will keep, of the temple-keeper, of the temple-warden

Notes: This appears to be a compound or a concatenation of two distinct Koine Greek words: ΦΥΛΑΞΟΝΤΩΝ (phylaxontōn) and ΝΕΩΡΑ (neōra). ΦΥΛΑΞΟΝΤΩΝ is the genitive plural masculine or neuter future active participle of the verb φυλάσσω (phylassō), meaning 'to guard' or 'to keep'. ΝΕΩΡΑ is the genitive singular of the noun νεωρός (neōros), meaning 'temple-keeper' or 'temple-warden'. The combined phrase would mean 'of those who will guard the temple-keeper' or 'of those who will keep the temple-warden'. However, it is highly probable that this is a transcription error or a garbled text, as these two words are not typically combined in this manner to form a single word.

Inflection: ΦΥΛΑΞΟΝΤΩΝ: Future Active Participle, Genitive Plural, Masculine or Neuter. ΝΕΩΡΑ: Genitive Singular, Masculine or Feminine.

G3376, G3378

Part of Speech: Noun, Adverb

Sounds like: MAYN

Translations: month, a month, surely, indeed, truly, certainly

Notes: This word has two primary meanings in Koine Greek. As a noun (G3378), it refers to a 'month', a period of time. As an adverb (G3376), it functions as an emphatic particle, meaning 'surely', 'indeed', 'truly', or 'certainly', often used to confirm or emphasize a statement. It can also be used in questions to expect a positive answer.

Inflection: Noun: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, Dative; Adverb: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΤΟΣ, ΑΛΗΘΩΣ, ΟΝΤΩΣ

Etymology: The noun 'ΜΗΝ' (month) comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to the moon and its cycle. The adverb 'ΜΗΝ' (surely) is also of uncertain but ancient origin, possibly related to particles of affirmation.

G3756

Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΉ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.

G2967

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-KO-loo-en

Translations: he was hindering, he was preventing, he was forbidding, he was restraining

Notes: This word is the third person singular imperfect active indicative form of the verb ΚΩΛΥΩ. It describes an action of hindering, preventing, or forbidding that was ongoing or repeated in the past. It indicates that someone was in the process of stopping or restraining something or someone.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΜΠΟΔΙΖΩ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΑΠΟΤΡΕΠΩ

Etymology: The word ΚΩΛΥΩ is of uncertain origin, possibly related to a root meaning 'to cut short' or 'to check'.

G0302

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: AHN

Translations: if, ever, might, would, should

Notes: This word is a particle used to express contingency, possibility, or potentiality. It does not have a direct English equivalent but modifies the meaning of the verb it accompanies, often indicating that an action is dependent on a condition or is hypothetical. It is frequently used with the subjunctive or optative moods to form conditional clauses or express indefinite temporal or relative clauses.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The origin of this particle is uncertain, but it is believed to be an ancient particle in Greek, possibly related to the concept of 'on' or 'up' in some contexts, though its primary function became conditional.

G1749

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: en-DOO-nai

Translations: to give in, to yield, to surrender, to relax, to give way, to allow, to permit

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'ἐν' (in, into) and the verb 'δίδωμι' (to give). It means to give in, yield, or surrender, often implying a relaxation of effort, resistance, or control. It can also mean to allow or permit something to happen. It is used when someone or something gives way under pressure or allows a situation to proceed.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΥΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ΕΙΚΩ, ΠΑΡΑΔΙΔΩΜΙ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition 'ἐν' (en), meaning 'in' or 'into', and the verb 'δίδωμι' (didōmi), meaning 'to give'. The combination implies 'to give in' or 'to give way'.

G3706

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: TAYN-OP-sin

Translations: the sight, a sight, the appearance, an appearance, the vision, a vision, the face, a face

Notes: This is a compound word formed by the definite article "ΤΗΝ" (the) and the noun "ὈΨΙΝ" (sight, appearance, vision). It refers to the act of seeing, the faculty of sight, or the thing seen, such as an appearance or a vision. It can also refer to the face or countenance. When used with the definite article, it specifies a particular sight, appearance, or vision.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ὈΡΑΜΑ, ὈΨΙΣ

G1679

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: el-pee-SAS

Translations: having hoped, having expected, having trusted, having relied on

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'ἐλπίζω' (elpizō), meaning 'to hope' or 'to expect'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that occurred prior to the main verb. It conveys the sense of someone who has already performed the action of hoping or expecting.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist Active Participle

Synonyms: ΠΕΠΟΙΘΩΣ, ΠΙΣΤΕΥΣΑΣ

G1519, G1487, G1488

Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb

Sounds like: E

Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are

Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).

G3361

Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G3860

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pa-ra-DOY-en

Translations: they might hand over, they might deliver, they might betray, they might give up

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside,' and the verb δίδωμι (didomi), meaning 'to give.' Together, it means to hand over, deliver, or transmit something or someone. It can be used in various contexts, such as handing over a person to authorities, delivering a tradition, or even betraying someone.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Aorist, Optative, Active

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΕΚΔΙΔΩΜΙ

G3982

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pay-so-MEH-noos

Translations: about to be persuaded, about to obey, about to trust, about to yield, about to be convinced

Notes: This word is a future participle derived from the verb 'ΠΕΙΘΩ' (peithō), meaning 'to persuade' or 'to obey'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone or something that is 'about to be persuaded' or 'about to obey'. It indicates a future action or state of being convinced or compliant.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine, Future, Middle/Passive Participle

Synonyms: ΥΠΑΚΟΥΩ, ΠΕΙΘΑΡΧΕΩ

G4338

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-ay-LOO-oon

Translations: they were nailing, they nailed, they were fastening to, they fastened to, they were crucifying, they crucified

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to nail to' or 'to fasten to'. It is often used in the context of crucifixion, meaning 'to crucify'. It describes an action that was ongoing or repeated in the past. It is a compound word formed from the preposition 'πρός' (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and the verb 'ηλόω' (heloō), meaning 'to nail'.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΠΗΓΝΥΜΙ, ΣΤΑΥΡΟΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ΠΡΟΣ (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and the verb ΗΛΟΩ (heloō), meaning 'to nail'. The verb ΗΛΟΩ itself is derived from the noun ΗΛΟΣ (helos), meaning 'a nail'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: DEE

Translations: through, by means of, on account of, because of, 14

Notes: This word is most commonly an elided form of the preposition ΔΙΑ (dia), meaning 'through', 'by means of', 'on account of', or 'because of'. It is used to indicate the means by which something is done or the reason for an action. It can also represent the Greek numeral 14, indicated by a keraia (a mark similar to an apostrophe) which is often omitted in transcription.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or numeral)

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΥΠΟ, ΕΝΕΚΕΝ

Etymology: The preposition ΔΙΑ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G3709

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: or-GAYN

Translations: wrath, anger, indignation, punishment, a wrath, an anger

Notes: This word refers to a strong, passionate emotion, often intense anger or indignation. It can describe human anger, but is frequently used in a theological context to refer to God's righteous anger or divine judgment, which often leads to punishment. It is used here in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΘΥΜΟΣ, ΠΑΘΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΡΓΗ (orgē) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *werg-, meaning 'to work' or 'to do'. It originally referred to an impulse or natural disposition, which then evolved to mean a strong emotion or passion, and eventually anger or wrath.

G3402

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: MEE-sos

Translations: hatred, a hatred

Notes: This word refers to the strong feeling of intense dislike or ill will towards someone or something. It is often used to describe animosity or enmity. In a sentence, it would function as a noun, for example, 'their hatred' or 'he felt hatred'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΕΧΘΡΑ, ΑΠΕΧΘΕΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΜΙΣΟΣ comes from the verb μισέω (miseō), meaning 'to hate'. Its ultimate origin is uncertain, but it is thought to be pre-Greek or from an unknown root.

G0254

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: hah-LON-tahs

Translations: having been caught, having been captured, having been conquered, those having been caught, those having been captured, those having been conquered

Notes: This word is the masculine accusative plural form of the aorist active participle of the verb ἁλίσκομαι (haliskomai). It describes individuals who have been caught, captured, or conquered. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or substantively, acting as a noun itself, referring to 'those who have been caught' or 'the captured ones'.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Masculine, Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΛΗΦΘΕΝΤΑΣ, ΚΑΤΑΛΗΦΘΕΝΤΑΣ

Etymology: The verb ἁλίσκομαι (haliskomai) is an ancient Greek verb meaning 'to be caught' or 'to be captured'. It is the passive voice of the verb αἱρέω (haireō), meaning 'to take' or 'to seize'.

G240

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: AL-lon AL-loh

Translations: one another, each other, mutually

Notes: This is a compound phrase formed from two inflected forms of the pronoun "ἄλλος" (allos), meaning "other" or "another." The phrase "ἄλλον ἀλλῷ" (allon allō) is a common idiom used to express a reciprocal action or relationship, meaning "one another" or "each other." It indicates that an action is performed by individuals upon other individuals within a group, or that a state applies mutually among them.

Inflection: Accusative Masculine Singular (ἄλλον) and Dative Masculine Singular (ἀλλῷ)

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΗΛΩΝ

G5514

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHLEH-een

Translations: mockery, derision, a mockery, a derision

Notes: This word refers to mockery, derision, or scorn. It describes the act of making fun of someone or something in a contemptuous way. It is often used in contexts where someone is being ridiculed or treated with disdain.

Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΜΠΑΙΓΜΟΣ, ΚΑΤΑΓΕΛΩΣ, ΛΟΙΔΟΡΙΑ

Etymology: The origin of the word ΧΛΕΥΗ is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the verb χλευάζω (chleuazo), meaning 'to mock' or 'to scoff'.

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: dee-AH

Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G4128

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PLAY-thoss

Translations: multitude, a multitude, crowd, a crowd, great number, abundance, a great number

Notes: This word refers to a large number or quantity of people or things. It can be used to describe a crowd of people, a large amount of something, or a general abundance. For example, it might refer to a large gathering of disciples or a great quantity of fish.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΧΛΟΣ, ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΑΓΕΛΗ

Etymology: From the Greek root *pleth-* meaning 'to be full' or 'to fill'. It is related to words indicating fullness or abundance.

G5037

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle

Sounds like: TEH

Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.

G1767, G3007

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: en-eh-LEI-peh-tois

Translations: they were lacking, they were failing, they were left behind, they were deficient

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the preposition 'ἐν' (in) and the verb 'λείπω' (to leave, lack). It is in the imperfect tense, middle/passive voice, third person plural. It describes an ongoing state in the past where something was lacking, failing, or being left behind. It can imply a deficiency or an absence.

Inflection: Imperfect, Middle or Passive Voice, Indicative Mood, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΥΣΤΕΡΕΩ, ΑΠΟΛΕΙΠΩ

G4716

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: stah-see-as-TAI

Translations: rebels, insurgents, rioters, revolutionaries

Notes: This word refers to individuals who engage in rebellion, sedition, or civil strife. It describes people who are involved in an uprising or a violent disturbance against authority or the established order. It is used to denote those who cause division or factionalism.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΤΑΤΑΙ, ΕΠΙΣΤΑΣΙΑΣΤΑΙ, ΤΑΡΑΧΟΠΟΙΟΙ

Etymology: The word ΣΤΑΣΙΑΣΤΗΣ (stasiastēs) is derived from the Greek word ΣΤΑΣΙΣ (stasis), meaning 'a standing, a party, a faction, sedition, rebellion'. It refers to someone who takes a stand or forms a faction, often in opposition to authority.

G5118

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: toh-SOO-ton

Translations: so great, so much, so many, so large, so far, such, a such

Notes: This word is a demonstrative adjective or pronoun meaning 'so great,' 'so much,' or 'so many.' It is used to indicate a quantity, size, or extent that is as great as something previously mentioned or implied. It can function as an adjective modifying a noun or as a pronoun standing in for a noun. For example, it might be used to say 'so great a crowd' or 'so much money.'

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΤΟΣΟΣ, ΤΗΛΙΚΟΥΤΟΣ

G0582

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-peh-DEH-eh-san

Translations: they lacked, they fell short, they were wanting, they were far from

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb δέω (deo), meaning 'to lack' or 'to be in need of'. In this form, it means 'they lacked', 'they fell short', or 'they were far from' achieving something. It describes a state of deficiency or failure to meet a standard or expectation.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΥΣΤΕΡΕΩ, ΕΛΛΕΙΠΩ

G3328, G4314

Part of Speech: Verb, Preposition

Sounds like: meh-tah-BAH-less-thai-PROSS

Translations: to change toward, to turn toward, to shift toward, to alter toward

Notes: This is a compound phrase consisting of the aorist infinitive middle/passive form of the verb 'μεταβάλλω' (metaballō), meaning 'to change' or 'to turn', and the preposition 'πρός' (pros), meaning 'to' or 'toward'. Together, it signifies the action of changing or turning oneself towards something or someone. It describes a shift in direction, attitude, or state in relation to a particular object or goal.

Inflection: Aorist, Infinitive, Middle/Passive (for μεταβάλλεσθαι); Does not inflect (for πρός)

G5620

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: HOH-steh

Translations: so that, in order that, consequently, therefore, with the result that

Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause of result or purpose. It indicates that what follows is a consequence or the intended outcome of what was previously stated. It can also introduce an infinitive clause to express result.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΔΙΟ

Etymology: From the adverb ὡς (hōs), meaning 'as' or 'how', combined with the particle τε (te), meaning 'and' or 'also'. It developed to express result or consequence.

G3588, G1727

Part of Speech: Adverb, Noun

Sounds like: too-NAN-tee-on

Translations: on the contrary, the opposite, a contrary thing

Notes: This word is a crasis (a contraction of two words into one) of the definite article 'ΤΟ' (the) and the adjective 'ἘΝΑΝΤΙΟΝ' (opposite, contrary). It functions as an adverbial phrase meaning 'on the contrary' or 'on the other hand', or as a noun meaning 'the opposite' or 'a contrary thing'. It is used to introduce a contrasting idea or to refer to the opposing side of something.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (from the crasis of the definite article ΤΟ and the adjective ἘΝΑΝΤΙΟΝ)

Synonyms: ἈΛΛΑ, ἈΝΤΙ

G4679

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: so-fee-SAH-sthai

Translations: to make wise, to become wise, to devise, to contrive, to invent, to trick, to mislead

Notes: This word is the aorist middle infinitive of the verb 'sophizo'. It means to make wise, to become wise, or to instruct. In a more active sense, it can mean to devise, contrive, or invent, often with a connotation of cunning or trickery, implying a clever or artful plan. It can also mean to mislead or deceive by clever arguments.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΜΗΧΑΝΑΟΜΑΙ, ΤΕΧΝΑΟΜΑΙ, ΕΠΙΝΟΕΩ

G3062

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun, Adverb

Sounds like: toh-LOY-pon

Translations: the rest, the remainder, the remaining, finally, henceforth, for the rest, as for the rest

Notes: This word is a compound of the definite article 'το' (the) and the adjective/noun 'λοιπόν' (remaining, rest). It can function as an adjective meaning 'the remaining' or 'the rest', or as a noun meaning 'the remainder' or 'the rest (of the people/things)'. When used adverbially, it means 'finally', 'henceforth', or 'as for the rest'. It often refers to what is left over or what follows.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΥΠΟΛΟΙΠΟΝ, ΕΠΙΛΟΙΠΟΝ

Etymology: The word ΛΟΙΠΟΝ comes from the verb ΛΕΙΠΩ (leipō), meaning 'to leave, to leave behind'.

G4951

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: SY-ron-tes

Translations: dragging, drawing, pulling, trailing, being dragged, being drawn

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'dragging' or 'drawing'. It describes an action that is ongoing or continuous. It can be used to describe someone or something that is pulling or trailing something along, often on the ground, or being pulled themselves. For example, it could refer to a snake dragging itself on the ground or someone being dragged away.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΛΚΟΝΤΕΣ, ΣΠΩΝΤΕΣ

G0847

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ow-toh-MO-los

Translations: deserter, a deserter, runaway, a runaway, fugitive, a fugitive, traitor, a traitor

Notes: This word refers to someone who deserts, especially from military service, or a runaway. It can be used as an adjective meaning 'deserter' or 'runaway', or as a noun meaning 'a deserter' or 'a runaway'. In the provided examples, it appears in the genitive plural, meaning 'of deserters' or 'of runaways'.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (as a noun); Masculine, Feminine, Neuter, Singular, Nominative (as an adjective)

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΣΤΑΤΗΣ, ΦΥΓΑΣ, ΠΡΟΔΟΤΗΣ

Etymology: The word is a compound of αὐτός (autos), meaning 'self', and μολών (molōn), the aorist participle of βλώσκω (blōskō), meaning 'to go' or 'to come'. Thus, it literally means 'one who goes by oneself' or 'one who comes of one's own accord', implying desertion.

G3625

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: oy-KAY-ooce

Translations: one's own, a relative, a member of one's household, a kinsman, a kinswoman, a domestic, a household member

Notes: This word describes something or someone belonging to one's own household or family. It can refer to relatives, family members, or those who are part of one's domestic circle. It is often used to emphasize a close, personal connection, similar to 'one's own people' or 'those of one's own house'.

Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Accusative

Synonyms: ΣΥΓΓΕΝΗΣ, ΟΙΚΙΑΚΟΣ, ΕΝΔΟΘΕΝ

Etymology: From οἶκος (oikos), meaning 'house' or 'household'. The suffix -ειος indicates belonging or relation.

G1979

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ep-ee-to-MEH

Translations: abridgment, epitome, summary, a summary

Notes: This word refers to an abridgment, a summary, or a concise account of a larger work. It is used to describe a shortened version of something, often a text or a narrative. The provided examples show it in the genitive case (τῆς ἐπιτομῆς), indicating 'of the abridgment' or 'of the summary'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΤΟΜΙΑ, ΣΥΝΟΨΙΣ

Etymology: The word ἐπιτομή (epitomē) comes from the verb ἐπιτέμνω (epitemnō), meaning 'to cut short' or 'to abridge'. It is formed from the prefix ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'over', and τέμνω (temnō), meaning 'to cut'.

G3729

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hor-MAY-meh-noos

Translations: rushing, having rushed, having been set in motion, having been urged on, having been impelled

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, masculine plural, accusative case, derived from the verb 'ΟΡΜΑΩ'. It describes someone or something that has been set in motion, urged on, or has rushed forward with impetus. It implies a strong, often sudden, movement or impulse.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Plural, Accusative

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΠΙΠΤΩ, ΕΠΙΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΟΡΜΗ

Etymology: The word 'ΟΡΜΑΩ' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *ser- 'to flow, to rush'. It is related to the noun 'ΟΡΜΗ' (hormē), meaning 'a rush, an impulse, an attack'.

G3634

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: OY-ah

Translations: such as, of what sort, what kind of, as, like, as great as, as much as

Notes: This word is an adjective or adverb used to express comparison or quality. As an adjective, it means 'such as' or 'of what sort,' describing the nature or kind of something. As an adverb, it means 'as' or 'like,' indicating similarity or manner. It can also be used in exclamations to express wonder or surprise, meaning 'what a!' or 'how great!'.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular; Feminine, Accusative, Singular; Neuter, Nominative, Plural; Neuter, Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ

G4514

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: roh-MAI-oys

Translations: (to) Romans, (to) the Romans

Notes: This word refers to the people of Rome or the Roman Empire. It is used to indicate a group of people who are Romans, often in the context of their nationality or political affiliation. In this inflected form, it indicates the indirect object of an action, meaning 'to the Romans' or 'for the Romans'.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine

Etymology: From Ρώμη (Rhōmē), meaning 'Rome', referring to the city and empire. The suffix -αιος (-aios) is used to form adjectives or nouns denoting origin or belonging.

G4329

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pros-FEV-gon-tes

Translations: fleeing to, taking refuge in, resorting to

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb ΠΡΟΣΦΕΥΓΩ, meaning 'to flee to' or 'to take refuge in'. It describes an action of moving towards something for safety or help. As a participle, it functions adjectivally, describing people or things that are in the act of fleeing to or taking refuge in something.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΦΕΥΓΩ, ΦΕΥΓΩ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΣΦΕΥΓΩ is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΠΡΟΣ (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and the verb ΦΕΥΓΩ (pheugō), meaning 'to flee' or 'to escape'. It signifies the act of fleeing in a specific direction or towards a particular place for safety.

G1166

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-peh-DEIK-noo-san

Translations: they were showing, they were displaying, they were pointing out, they were demonstrating

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the prefix 'ἐπί' (upon, to, in addition) and the verb 'δεικνύμι' (to show, to point out). It means 'to show forth', 'to display', 'to demonstrate', or 'to prove'. It describes an action of making something visible or evident to others, often with an emphasis on the act of presenting or exhibiting. In the imperfect tense, it indicates a continuous or repeated action in the past.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΔΕΙΣΚΩ, ΕΝΔΕΙΚΝΥΜΙ, ΑΠΟΔΕΙΚΝΥΜΙ

Etymology: The root verb ΔΕΙΚΝΥΜΙ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *deik-, meaning 'to show, to point out'. The prefix ἘΠΙ is from Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'near, against'.

G2902

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: keh-krah-TEE-meh-noos

Translations: having been seized, having been overcome, having been held, having been mastered, having been conquered

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle derived from the verb 'krateo', meaning 'to be strong, to rule, to seize, to overcome'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing someone or something that has been seized, overcome, or held. It indicates a completed action where the subject has experienced the action of being seized or mastered.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Masculine, Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΝΕΝΙΚΗΜΕΝΟΥΣ, ΚΑΤΑΣΧΕΘΕΝΤΑΣ

G2426

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ee-KEH-tahs

Translations: suppliant, a suppliant, petitioner, a petitioner

Notes: This word refers to a person who makes a humble and earnest request or plea, often seeking help, protection, or mercy. It describes someone who approaches another with a sense of humility and dependence, typically in a position of need.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative

Synonyms: ΔΕΟΜΕΝΟΣ, ΠΡΟΣΚΥΝΗΤΗΣ

Etymology: The word ἱκέτης (hiketēs) comes from the verb ἱκνέομαι (hikneomai), meaning 'to come, arrive, reach', implying someone who comes to another for help or refuge.

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that

Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.

G3729

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: ohr-MAY-meh-nohn

Translations: (of) those who have rushed, (of) those who have set out, (of) those who have been eager, (of) those who have been impelled

Notes: This word is a perfect middle/passive participle, genitive plural, derived from the verb 'ὁρμάω' (hormaō). It describes a state of having been set in motion, having rushed, or having been eager or impelled towards something. It functions adjectivally, modifying a noun in the genitive case, indicating possession or relationship, often translated as 'of those who have...' or 'of the ones having...'.

Inflection: Perfect, Middle/Passive, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΠΕΙΓΟΜΕΝΩΝ, ΣΠΕΥΔΟΝΤΩΝ, ΠΡΟΘΥΜΟΥΜΕΝΩΝ

G3360

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEKH-ree

Translations: until, up to, as far as, even to, while, during

Notes: This word indicates a point in time or space that is reached, meaning 'until' or 'up to'. As a preposition, it takes the genitive case and specifies the limit of an action or state. As an adverb, it can modify verbs or clauses, indicating duration or extent. As a conjunction, it introduces a temporal clause, meaning 'while' or 'until'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΩΣ, ΑΧΡΙ

Etymology: From an assumed base *mekh-, perhaps related to μέγας (megas, “great”) or μήκος (mēkos, “length”). It denotes a limit or extent.

G0227

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: tah-lay-THES

Translations: the truth, that which is true, true, real

Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the adjective 'ἀληθής' (alēthēs), meaning 'true' or 'real'. When used substantively, as it often is, it refers to 'the truth' or 'that which is true'. It can function as either the subject (nominative) or the direct object (accusative) in a sentence.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΛΗΘΕΙΑ, ΓΝΩΣΙΣ, ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣΥΝΗ

Etymology: The word 'ἀληθής' (alēthēs) comes from the prefix 'ἀ-' (a-), meaning 'not' or 'un-', and 'λήθη' (lēthē), meaning 'forgetfulness' or 'oblivion'. Thus, it literally means 'unforgettable' or 'not hidden', implying something that is revealed, evident, and therefore true.

G1097

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eg-NOHS-thay

Translations: was known, became known, was made known

Notes: This word is a verb in the aorist passive indicative form. It means 'was known' or 'became known', indicating that something came to be understood or recognized by others. It describes an action that was completed in the past, where the subject of the verb is the one being known, rather than the one doing the knowing.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΦΑΝΕΡΩΘΗ, ΕΔΗΛΩΘΗ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to know'. It is related to the English word 'know' and Latin 'gnoscere'.

G2722

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-TES-khen

Translations: held, he held, she held, it held, took possession of, he took possession of, she took possession of, it took possession of, restrained, he restrained, she restrained, it restrained, occupied, he occupied, she occupied, it occupied, possessed, he possessed, she possessed, it possessed, retained, he retained, she retained, it retained, seized, he seized, she seized, it seized

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'κατέχω' (katechō). It means 'he/she/it held,' 'took possession of,' 'restrained,' 'occupied,' 'possessed,' 'retained,' or 'seized.' It describes an action that occurred in the past and was completed. It can be used in various contexts, such as holding onto something, taking control of a place, or restraining someone.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΕΧΩ, ΚΡΑΤΕΩ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

Etymology: The word 'κατέχω' is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'κατά' (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against,' and the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold.' The combination implies holding down, holding fast, or holding against something.

G3624

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: OY-kye

Translations: houses, households, families, a house, a household, a family

Notes: This word refers to houses, households, or families. It is the plural form of the noun 'οἶκος' (oikos), which means 'house'. It can be used to refer to physical dwellings, but also to the people living within a dwelling, or a lineage/family unit. In the provided examples, it appears to be used in a context related to people or groups, possibly as part of a compound or a miswritten word, as 'ΟΙΚΑΙ' itself is not a standard inflection of 'οἶκος'. It is most likely a misspelling or a garbled form of 'οἶκοι' (nominative/vocative plural of 'οἶκος') or 'οἴκῳ' (dative singular of 'οἶκος'), or part of a larger word.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative (likely a misspelling of ΟΙΚΟΙ), or possibly a part of a compound word.

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΙΑΙ, ΟΙΚΟΙ

G3916

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: pa-ra-KHRAY-ma

Translations: immediately, at once, forthwith, straightway, instantly

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'immediately' or 'at once'. It emphasizes the suddenness or instantaneous nature of an action, indicating that something happens without delay. It is often used to describe events that occur right after something else.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΥΘΕΩΣ, ΑΥΤΙΚΑ, ΤΑΧΕΩΣ

Etymology: This word is a compound of the preposition παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'by', and χρῆμα (chrēma), meaning 'thing' or 'matter', which in this context refers to 'the present moment'. The combination conveys the sense of 'right by the thing/moment', hence 'immediately'.

G1302

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-eh-DRAH-san

Translations: they fled, they ran away, they escaped

Notes: This is a compound verb meaning 'to flee through' or 'to run away'. It describes the action of escaping or taking flight, often implying a rapid or decisive departure. It is used to indicate that a group of people fled or escaped from a situation.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΦΕΥΓΩ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΡΑΣΚΩ

Etymology: The word ΔΙΔΡΑΣΚΩ is a compound of διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and διδράσκω (didraskō), meaning 'to run' or 'to flee'. The root διδράσκω is related to δράω (draō), 'to do', but in this context, it specifically refers to the act of running away.

G5613

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G0372, G2233

Part of Speech: Noun, Participle

Sounds like: ah-na-POW-sin-hee-goo-MEH-noy

Translations: rest, repose, cessation, leading, considering, thinking

Notes: This is a compound word formed by combining 'ἀνάπαυσις' (anapausis), meaning 'rest' or 'repose', and 'ἡγούμενοι' (hēgoumenoi), the present middle/passive participle of 'ἡγέομαι' (hēgeomai), meaning 'leading', 'considering', or 'thinking'. The combination suggests a meaning related to 'those leading to rest' or 'those considering rest'. It describes individuals who are in the act of guiding towards or contemplating a state of rest or cessation.

Inflection: ἈΝΑΠΑΥΣΙΝ: Singular, Accusative, Feminine. ΗΓΟΥΜΕΝΟΙ: Plural, Nominative, Masculine, Present, Middle/Passive Participle.

Synonyms: ΑΝΕΣΙΣ, ΗΣΥΧΙΑ, ΚΑΤΑΠΑΥΣΙΣ, ΠΡΟΗΓΟΥΜΕΝΟΙ, ΗΓΕΜΟΝΕΣ

G1722

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G5499

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kheh-ee-ro-ko-PEH-sai

Translations: to cut off the hand, to mutilate, to maim

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from 'χείρ' (hand) and 'κόπτω' (to cut). It means to cut off the hand or to mutilate, specifically by cutting off a limb. It describes a violent act of dismemberment or severe injury.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΚΟΠΤΩ, ΑΠΟΤΕΜΝΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the Greek noun ΧΕΙΡ (cheir), meaning 'hand', and the verb ΚΟΠΤΩ (koptō), meaning 'to cut' or 'to strike'. It literally means 'to cut the hand'.

G2753

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: keh-LEH-oo-sas

Translations: commanding, having commanded, ordering, having ordered, bidding, having bidden

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'κελεύω' (keleuō), meaning 'to command' or 'to order'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is ongoing, often functioning like an adjective or adverb. It can be translated as 'the one who commanded,' 'having commanded,' or 'when he commanded,' depending on the context.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΤΑΣΣΩ, ΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΤΩ, ΔΙΑΤΑΣΣΩ

Etymology: The word κελεύω (keleuō) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to κέλλω (kello), meaning 'to drive, urge on'.

G0251

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: eh-ah-LOH-koh-tohn

Translations: of those who have been captured, of those who have been taken, of those who have been conquered, of the captured, of the conquered

Notes: This word is the perfect active participle of the verb ἁλίσκομαι (haliskomai), meaning 'to be captured' or 'to be taken'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, describing someone or something that has undergone the action of being captured. In this form, it refers to 'those who have been captured' or 'the conquered ones'. It is used in a genitive plural context, indicating possession or relationship, such as 'of the captured' or 'belonging to the conquered'.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Participle, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΙΧΜΑΛΩΤΩΝ, ΗΤΤΗΜΕΝΩΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to words meaning 'to seize' or 'to take'. In Greek, it developed to mean 'to be captured' or 'to be taken', often in a military context.

G1380

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: doh-KOY-en

Translations: they would seem, they would appear, they would think, they would suppose

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to seem' or 'to think'. It is used to express an opinion, a perception, or an appearance. It often implies that something is perceived to be true, even if it is not necessarily so, or that one holds a certain opinion. In this form, it indicates a potential or hypothetical action or state of seeming/thinking by a group of people.

Inflection: 3rd Person, Plural, Optative, Active Voice, Present or Aorist Tense

Synonyms: ΦΑΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΝΟΜΙΖΩ

G0894

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ow-toh-MOH-loy

Translations: deserters, runaways, traitors

Notes: This word refers to individuals who desert their post, army, or cause, often to join the enemy or simply to flee. It is a compound word formed from 'αὐτός' (autos), meaning 'self', and 'μολεῖν' (molein), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. Thus, it literally means 'one who comes of oneself' or 'one who goes on one's own', implying a voluntary departure or defection.

Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Nominative

Synonyms: ΛΙΠΟΤΑΚΤΑΙ, ΠΡΟΔΟΤΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΜΟΛΟΣ is a compound of two Greek words: αὐτός (autos), meaning 'self', and the root of the verb μολείν (molein), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. It describes someone who acts on their own initiative to leave or defect.

G4100

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pis-TEH-oo-in-toh

Translations: they might be believed, they might be trusted, they might be entrusted

Notes: This is a verb meaning "to be believed" or "to be trusted." It is in the passive voice, indicating that the subject is receiving the action of believing or trusting. The optative mood suggests a potential, hypothetical, or desired action, often translated with "might" or "would." It is used to express a wish, a possibility, or an indirect command.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Present, Optative, Passive

Synonyms: ΠΕΙΘΟΜΑΙ, ΕΜΠΙΣΤΕΥΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΠΙΣΤΕΥΩ (pisteuō) comes from the noun ΠΙΣΤΙΣ (pistis), meaning "faith" or "trust." It is related to the concept of being faithful or trustworthy.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G3992, G1519, G4314

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ice-EP-emp-seh-pros

Translations: he sent in to, he sent into, he sent toward

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the verb 'ΠΕΜΠΩ' (to send) and the prepositions 'ΕἸΣ' (into, to) and 'ΠΡΟΣ' (to, toward, with). It means 'he sent in to' or 'he sent into' someone or something, often implying a direction or purpose. The combination emphasizes the action of sending something or someone towards or into a particular place or person.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist Indicative Active

Synonyms: ΑΠΕΣΤΕΙΛΕ, ΕΞΕΠΕΜΨΕ

G2235

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: AY-day

Translations: already, now, by this time, forthwith, even now

Notes: This word is an adverb used to indicate that something has happened or is happening at the present moment, or has happened prior to the present moment. It can convey a sense of immediacy or completion. For example, it can mean 'already' when referring to something that has taken place, or 'now' when emphasizing the current time.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΝΥΝ, ΑΥΤΙΚΑ, ΕΥΘΕΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁eh₂dʰ- (to be present, to be here). It is related to the demonstrative pronoun 'ho' (this) and the particle 'de' (now, indeed).

G3867, G2532

Part of Speech: Participle, Conjunction

Sounds like: pah-rah-EE-nohn-KAI

Translations: advising and, exhorting and, urging and, counseling and

Notes: This is a compound word formed by the present active participle of the verb 'ΠΑΡΑΙΝΩ' (parainō), meaning 'to advise' or 'to exhort', combined with the conjunction 'ΚΑΙ' (kai), meaning 'and'. The combined form 'ΠΑΡΑΙΝΩΝΚΑΙ' therefore means 'advising and' or 'exhorting and'. It describes an action of giving counsel or urging, followed by a continuation or addition.

Inflection: Participle: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Present Active; Conjunction: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΜΒΟΥΛΕΥΩΝΚΑΙ, ΠΡΟΤΡΕΠΩΝΚΑΙ

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G0971

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: bee-ah-ZES-thai

Translations: to force, to compel, to do violence, to press into, to be forced, to be compelled

Notes: This word means to apply force, to compel, or to do violence. It can describe an action of exerting power or pressure upon someone or something, often against their will. It can also mean to press into or to strive forcefully. In the passive voice, it means to be forced or to be compelled.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΓΚΑΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΝΑΓΚΑΖΩ

Etymology: The word ΒΙΑΖΩ comes from the Greek word βία (bia), meaning 'force' or 'violence'.

G5306

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: oos-TAH-toys

Translations: (to) the last, (to) the latest, (to) the final, (to) the utmost

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'last' in a series or sequence, or 'utmost' in degree. It refers to something that comes at the very end or is of the highest possible extent. In its dative plural form, as seen in 'ΥΣΤΑΤΟΙΣ', it indicates the recipients or beneficiaries of an action, or the place/time where something occurs, specifically 'to the last ones' or 'at the last things/times'.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΣΧΑΤΟΙΣ, ΤΕΛΕΥΤΑΙΟΙΣ

G5082, G3968

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: Tay-li-KOW-ten-PA-tri-da

Translations: such a great homeland, so great a homeland, such a great fatherland, so great a fatherland

Notes: This is a compound phrase formed by the adjective 'ΤΗΛΙΚΑΥΤΗΝ' (tēlikautēn) meaning 'so great' or 'such a great', and the noun 'ΠΑΤΡΙΔΑ' (patrida) meaning 'homeland' or 'fatherland'. The phrase together means 'such a great homeland' or 'so great a fatherland'. It is used to describe a homeland of significant size or importance.

Inflection: ΤΗΛΙΚΑΥΤΗΝ: Accusative, Singular, Feminine; ΠΑΤΡΙΔΑ: Accusative, Singular, Feminine

Synonyms: ΤΟΣΟΥΤΟΣ, ΓΗ

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-koy-noh-NEE-toh

Translations: unsociable, uncommunicative, unsharing, that which cannot be shared, unparticipating, unparticipated

Notes: This word describes something or someone that is unsociable, uncommunicative, or unwilling to share. It can also refer to something that cannot be shared or participated in. It is a compound word formed from the negative prefix 'ἀ-' (a-, meaning 'not' or 'un-') and 'κοινωνητός' (koinonetos), meaning 'shareable' or 'participated in'. Thus, it means 'not shareable' or 'not participating'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΚΟΙΝΩΝΟΣ, ΑΜΙΓΗΣ, ΑΜΕΤΟΧΟΣ

Etymology: The word is derived from the negative prefix ἀ- (a-, 'not') and κοινωνητός (koinonetos), which comes from κοινωνέω (koinoneō, 'to share, to have fellowship'). The ultimate root is κοινός (koinos, 'common, shared').

G0243

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: AL-loys

Translations: to others, for others, with others, other, another

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to refer to a different person or thing from one already mentioned or implied. In this inflected form, it is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', or 'with'. It is a common word used to distinguish one group or item from another.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἄλλος (allos) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is related to Latin alius and English 'else'.

G4023

Part of Speech: Participle, Verb

Sounds like: peh-ree-EE-ohn

Translations: going around, wandering about, going about, a going around, a wandering about

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'going around' or 'wandering about'. It describes an action of moving in a circular path or from place to place. It is a compound word formed from the preposition περί (peri), meaning 'around' or 'about', and a form of the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. It can be used to describe someone who is moving from one place to another, often without a specific destination, or circulating within an area.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Neuter, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΠΛΑΝΑΩ, ΠΕΡΙΠΑΤΕΩ

Etymology: The word περιέρχομαι (perierchomai) is a compound of the preposition περί (peri), meaning 'around' or 'about', and the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'.

G2038

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: toos-er-GAH-zo-me-noos

Translations: the ones working, those working, the workers, those who work

Notes: This word is a compound of the definite article "the" (τοὺς) and the present middle/passive participle of the verb "ἐργάζομαι" (ergazomai), meaning "to work" or "to labor." Together, it refers to "those who are working" or "the workers." It is used to describe a group of people actively engaged in work or labor.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Accusative, Present, Middle/Passive Participle

Synonyms: ΠΟΝΟΥΝΤΑΣ, ΔΟΥΛΕΥΟΝΤΑΣ

G2724

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tee-PEI-gen

Translations: was urging, was pressing, was hastening, was compelling

Notes: This word describes the action of urging someone or something on, pressing forward, or hastening. It implies a sense of urgency or compulsion. It is often used to describe someone who is making haste or causing others to make haste, or compelling them to do something. It is a compound word formed from the preposition κατά (kata, 'down, against, according to') and the verb ἐπείγω (epeigō, 'to hasten, urge on').

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΣΠΕΥΔΩ, ΕΠΕΙΓΩ, ΒΙΑΖΩ

G1519

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G0190

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ah-koh-loo-THEH-sohn

Translations: following, about to follow, going to follow

Notes: This word is a future active participle, meaning "about to follow" or "going to follow." It describes an action that will happen in the future, often indicating purpose or intention. It is derived from the verb "ἀκολουθέω" (akoloutheō), which means "to follow" or "to accompany." The word is a compound word, formed from "ἀ" (a), meaning "together with" or "same," and "κέλευθος" (keleuthos), meaning "path" or "way."

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Future, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΕΠΟΜΑΙ, ΔΙΩΚΩ

Etymology: The word ἀκολουθέω (akoloutheō) is derived from the prefix ἀ- (a-), meaning "together with" or "same," and the noun κέλευθος (keleuthos), meaning "path" or "way." Thus, it literally means "to be on the same path" or "to go along with."

Part of Speech: Unknown

Sounds like: ER-goys-toh

Translations: It's not clear what this word means. It could be garbled or badly misspelled.

Notes: This word appears to be a misspelling or garbled form of a Koine Greek word. The ending '-οιστω' is not a standard inflectional ending for nouns, verbs, or adjectives in Koine Greek. It might be a corruption of 'ἔργοις' (ergois), the dative plural of 'ἔργον' (ergon, meaning 'work' or 'deed'), possibly combined with 'λόγῳ' (logō, meaning 'word' or 'reason') as seen in the example. If it were 'ἔργοις', it would mean 'to/for works' or 'by means of works'. Given the context 'ἘΡΓΟΙΣΤΩ ΛΟΓΩ', it's highly probable that 'ἘΡΓΟΙΣΤΩ' is a corruption of 'ἔργῳ' (ergō, dative singular of 'ἔργον') or 'ἔργοις' (ergois, dative plural of 'ἔργον'), and 'λόγῳ' (logō, dative singular of 'λόγος'). The phrase 'ἔργῳ καὶ λόγῳ' (ergō kai logō) meaning 'in deed and in word' is a common idiom. Therefore, 'ἘΡΓΟΙΣΤΩ ΛΟΓΩ' is likely a corrupted form of 'ἔργῳ λόγῳ' or 'ἔργοις λόγοις', meaning 'by deed and word' or 'by deeds and words'.

Inflection: Unknown, likely a misspelling of a dative form.

G3056

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: LO-go

Translations: (to) word, (to) reason, (to) account, (to) saying, (to) message, (to) speech, (to) matter, (to) thing, by word, by reason, by account, by saying, by message, by speech, by matter, by thing

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the noun 'ΛΟΓΟΣ' (logos). 'ΛΟΓΟΣ' is a fundamental term in Greek, meaning 'word,' 'reason,' 'account,' 'speech,' or 'message.' In its dative form 'ΛΟΓΩ,' it often indicates the indirect object of an action, the means or instrument by which something is done, or the cause or reason for something. It can be translated with prepositions like 'to,' 'for,' 'by,' or 'with,' depending on the context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΡΗΜΑ, ΜΥΘΟΣ, ΕΠΟΣ

G5038, G2541

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: TEE-khoos-KAI-sa-ra

Translations: wall, Caesar

Notes: This word appears to be a compound of two separate words, likely a scribal error or a very unusual compound. The first part, ΤΕΙΧΟΥΣ (TEICHOUS), is the genitive singular form of ΤΕΙΧΟΣ (TEICHOS), meaning 'wall'. The second part, ΚΑΙΣΑΡΑ (KAISARA), is the accusative singular form of ΚΑΙΣΑΡ (KAISAR), meaning 'Caesar'. As a single word, it is not recognized in Koine Greek lexicons. It is highly probable that this is a misspelling or a garbled text, and the original intent was to have two separate words, 'ΤΕΙΧΟΥΣ' and 'ΚΑΙΣΑΡΑ', or perhaps 'ΤΕΙΧΟΥΣ' and 'ΚΑΙΣΑΡΟΣ' (genitive of Caesar) or 'ΚΑΙΣΑΡΑ' (accusative of Caesar) referring to something 'of a wall' and 'Caesar' separately. Given the context, it might refer to 'from the wall, Caesar' or 'from the wall of Caesar'.

Inflection: Genitive Singular (ΤΕΙΧΟΥΣ), Accusative Singular (ΚΑΙΣΑΡΑ)

G2706, G0994

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: KAH-tah-froh-NEIN eh-BOH-ohn

Translations: to despise, to scorn, to look down on, to cry out, to shout

Notes: This appears to be a compound of two Koine Greek words, 'ΚΑΤΑΦΡΟΝΕΙΝ' (kataphronein) and 'ἘΒΟΩΝ' (eboōn), likely concatenated without a space. 'ΚΑΤΑΦΡΟΝΕΙΝ' is the present active infinitive of 'καταφρονέω', meaning 'to despise' or 'to look down on'. 'ἘΒΟΩΝ' is the imperfect active indicative, third person plural, of 'βοάω', meaning 'they were crying out' or 'they were shouting'. When combined, it would mean something like 'they were crying out to despise' or 'they were shouting to scorn'.

Inflection: ΚΑΤΑΦΡΟΝΕΙΝ: Present, Active, Infinitive; ἘΒΟΩΝ: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΦΡΟΝΕΩ: ΥΠΕΡΟΡΑΩ, ΟΛΙΓΩΡΕΩ; ΒΟΑΩ: ΚΡΑΖΩ, ΦΩΝΕΩ

G0138

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hay-REES-thay

Translations: to have been taken, to have been chosen, to have been seized, to have been captured

Notes: This is the perfect passive infinitive form of the verb αἱρέω (haireō). It means 'to have been taken,' 'to have been chosen,' or 'to have been seized/captured.' It describes an action that was completed in the past and whose result continues into the present, viewed from a passive perspective. It is often used in constructions where the subject is the one who has experienced the action.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

Etymology: The word αἱρέω (haireō) comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words meaning 'to grasp' or 'to seize.'

G4253

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PRO

Translations: before, in front of, for, on behalf of, in the presence of, prior to, instead of

Notes: This word is a preposition that typically takes the genitive case. It can indicate a spatial relationship, meaning 'before' or 'in front of' something or someone. It can also denote a temporal relationship, meaning 'before' in time, or a causal relationship, meaning 'for' or 'on behalf of' someone or something. In some contexts, it can also mean 'instead of' or 'in the presence of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΜΠΡΟΣΘΕΝ, ΑΝΤΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'before, in front of'. It is cognate with English 'for' and Latin 'pro'.

G2038

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: er-ga-SEH-sthai

Translations: to work, to do, to perform, to labor, to trade, to earn

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to work', 'to do', or 'to perform'. It can refer to physical labor, mental effort, or the carrying out of a task or duty. It is often used in contexts related to earning a living or producing something. As an infinitive, it functions like the English 'to work' or 'to do', expressing the action itself without specifying a subject or tense, though this specific form indicates a future action.

Inflection: Future, Middle/Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΔΡΑΩ

G5614

Part of Speech: Interjection

Sounds like: ho-SAN-nah

Translations: Hosanna

Notes: This word is an exclamation of praise or adoration, often translated as 'Save, we pray!' or 'Save now!' It is a transliteration of a Hebrew phrase and was used as a cry of acclamation and supplication, particularly in religious contexts. It functions as a direct address or plea, expressing a desire for salvation or deliverance.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word is a transliteration of the Hebrew phrase הוֹשִׁיעָה נָּא (hoshia na), meaning 'save, please' or 'save, we pray'. It was originally a plea for salvation but evolved into an exclamation of praise and joy, especially in the context of the Messiah's arrival.

G2556

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: KAH-kah

Translations: evil things, bad things, evils, misfortunes, troubles, a bad thing, an evil thing

Notes: This word is an inflection of the adjective ΚΑΚΟΣ (kakos), meaning 'bad' or 'evil'. As 'ΚΑΚΑ', it typically functions as a neuter plural noun or adjective, referring to 'evil things', 'bad things', 'misfortunes', or 'troubles'. It describes things that are morally wrong, harmful, or unpleasant. For example, it can be used to speak of calamities or wicked deeds.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΠΟΝΗΡΑ, ΦΑΥΛΑ, ΒΛΑΒΕΡΑ

G2193

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: EH-ohs

Translations: until, while, as long as, up to, even to, as far as

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a point in time or extent in space. It is commonly translated as 'until' or 'as long as' when referring to time, and 'up to' or 'as far as' when referring to space. It can also mean 'while' or 'during the time that', often introducing a temporal clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΕΧΡΙ, ΑΧΡΙ, ΠΡΙΝ

Etymology: From a prolonged form of a primary particle. It is an ancient Greek word with a long history of use in temporal and spatial contexts.

G1720

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: em-PNEH-oh-see

Translations: they breathe, they breathe upon, they breathe in, they inspire

Notes: This word describes the act of breathing, often with the sense of breathing upon or into something, or being inspired. It can refer to the physical act of respiration or, metaphorically, to a powerful influence or inspiration, such as a spirit or divine power breathing into someone. It is the third person plural present active indicative form of the verb.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Present, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΠΝΕΩ, ἘΜΦΥΣΑΩ

G5346

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: PHAY-sin

Translations: he says, she says, it says, he said, she said, it said

Notes: This word is a common verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to report what someone else has said or to introduce a direct quote. It can be translated as 'he says', 'she says', or 'it says', and often implies 'he/she/it said' in narrative contexts.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΕΡΩ

Etymology: The word ΦΗΜΙ (phēmi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to speak' or 'to show'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey the idea of speaking or declaring.

G0622

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ah-po-loo-MEH-nays

Translations: of perishing, of being destroyed, of being lost

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb ἀπόλλυμι, meaning 'to destroy, to lose, to perish'. As a participle, it describes an action that is ongoing or in progress. In this form, it indicates something that is in the process of perishing, being destroyed, or being lost. It is used to modify a noun, functioning like an adjective, and in this specific form, it is in the genitive case, indicating possession or relationship.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine, Middle/Passive Voice, Present Tense

Synonyms: ΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ΦΘΕΙΡΩ, ΑΦΑΝΙΖΩ

Etymology: The verb ἀπόλλυμι is a compound word formed from the prefix ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb ὄλλυμι (ollumi), meaning 'to destroy' or 'to lose'.

G3485

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: NAH-oo

Translations: of a temple, of the temple, to a temple, to the temple, temples

Notes: This word refers to a temple or a sanctuary, specifically the inner part of a temple where the deity was worshipped. It can also refer to the entire sacred edifice. In the provided examples, it appears in the genitive singular (of the temple) and the nominative/accusative plural (temples).

Inflection: Singular, Genitive or Dative; or Plural, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative; Masculine

Synonyms: ΙΕΡΟΝ, ΝΕΩΣ

Etymology: The word ΝΑΟΣ (naos) is of uncertain origin, possibly from a root meaning 'to dwell' or 'to inhabit'. It refers to a dwelling place, particularly of a god.

G0622

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-po-lo-MEH-noo

Translations: of the one who is lost, of the one who is perishing, of the one who is destroyed, of the one who is ruined

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb ἀπόλλυμι, which means to destroy, to lose, or to perish. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, describing someone or something that is in a state of being lost, perishing, or destroyed. In this form, it indicates possession or origin, often translated as 'of the one who is lost' or 'of the perishing one'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΛΥΜΕΝΟΥ, ΟΛΟΜΕΝΟΥ

Etymology: The word ἀπόλλυμι is a compound word formed from the prefix ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb ὄλλυμι (ollymi), meaning 'to destroy' or 'to lose'.

G0290, G3778

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: ah-MEI-noh-TOO-too

Translations: better than this, superior to this, more excellent than this

Notes: This is a compound phrase formed by the comparative adjective 'ἀμείνων' (ameinōn), meaning 'better' or 'superior', and the genitive singular masculine/neuter demonstrative pronoun 'τούτου' (toutou), meaning 'of this' or 'than this'. Together, it means 'better than this' or 'superior to this'. It is used to compare something favorably to a previously mentioned or understood item.

Inflection: ἈΜΕΙΝΩ: Singular, Nominative/Accusative, Masculine/Feminine; ΤΟΥΤΟΥ: Singular, Genitive, Masculine/Neuter

G2889

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KOS-mon

Translations: world, a world, universe, an universe, adornment, an adornment, order, an order

Notes: This word refers to the world, the universe, or the created order. It can also mean adornment, decoration, or arrangement. In the New Testament, it often refers to humanity or the sinful world system, but can also refer to the physical world. As an accusative noun, it typically functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΟΥΜΕΝΗ, ΑΙΩΝ

G2730

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-toy-KOON-tos

Translations: of dwelling, of inhabiting, of residing, of living, of settling, of a dweller, of an inhabitant

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'katoikeō', meaning 'to dwell' or 'to inhabit'. As a genitive singular masculine/neuter participle, it describes someone or something 'of dwelling' or 'of inhabiting'. It can function adjectivally to describe a person or group that dwells in a place, or substantively as 'of a dweller' or 'of an inhabitant'.

Inflection: Participle, Present, Active, Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΟΥΝΤΟΣ, ΕΝΟΙΚΟΥΝΤΟΣ

G4849

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: sym-MAKH-on

Translations: ally, a helper, a fellow fighter, a confederate, a supporter

Notes: This word describes someone who fights alongside another, an ally, or a helper. It can be used as an adjective to describe something that is allied or helpful, or as a noun to refer to an ally or a confederate. It is a compound word formed from 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and 'μάχομαι' (machomai), meaning 'to fight'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΒΟΗΘΟΣ, ΣΥΝΕΡΓΟΣ

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: EKH-on-tes

Translations: having, holding, possessing, those who have, while having

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It describes someone or something that is in the act of having, holding, or possessing something. It functions like an adjective or adverb, providing additional information about the subject of a sentence, often translated as 'having' or 'those who have'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΕΚΤΗΜΕΝΟΙ, ΚΑΤΕΧΟΝΤΕΣ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΟΝΤΕΣ

G5512

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: khleh-vah-SEIN

Translations: to mock, to scoff, to ridicule, to deride

Notes: This word is the future active infinitive form of the verb 'chleuazo'. It means to mock, scoff, or ridicule someone or something. It describes the act of treating someone or something with contempt or scorn, often through words or gestures. For example, one might use this word to describe the action of people who are making fun of a speaker or a proposition.

Inflection: Future, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΚΜΥΚΤΗΡΙΖΩ, ΕΜΠΑΙΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΕΛΑΩ

G547

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-pee-LAYN

Translations: threat, a threat, menace, a menace

Notes: This word is a noun that refers to a threat or a menace. It is used to describe a declaration of an intention to inflict harm or punishment in retaliation for something, or to describe something that is likely to cause harm or danger. It can be used in various contexts where a warning of impending danger or harm is conveyed.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΦΟΒΟΣ, ΚΙΝΔΥΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἀπειλή (apeilē) comes from the verb ἀπειλέω (apeileō), meaning 'to threaten' or 'to promise with a threat'. Its ultimate origin is uncertain but is thought to be related to words implying 'to push away' or 'to ward off'.

G5056

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: TEH-los

Translations: end, a goal, a purpose, an outcome, a completion, a tax, a custom, a duty

Notes: This word refers to an end, a goal, a purpose, or the completion of something. It can also refer to a tax or custom duty. It is often used to denote the conclusion of an event or process, or the ultimate aim or objective. In some contexts, it refers to the payment of tribute or taxes.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΑΣ, ΣΥΝΤΕΛΕΙΑ, ΤΕΛΕΥΤΗ

Etymology: The word ΤΕΛΟΣ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to turn, to accomplish, to fulfill'. It is related to words signifying completion, fulfillment, and the end of a process.

G3059

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: loy-dor-EE-ais

Translations: to revilings, to reproaches, to abuses, to railings

Notes: This word refers to abusive language, insults, or reviling. It describes the act of speaking harshly or contemptuously to someone. In the provided context, it is used to describe the harsh words or reproaches directed at someone.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΥΒΡΙΣ, ΚΑΚΟΛΟΓΙΑ, ΒΛΑΣΦΗΜΙΑ

Etymology: From the Greek verb λοιδορέω (loidoreō), meaning 'to revile' or 'to abuse with words'. It is related to λοίδορος (loidoros), meaning 'reviling' or 'abusive'.

G0366

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ah-nah-MIS-gon-tess

Translations: mixing up, mingling, associating with, having mixed up, having mingled, having associated with

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'mixing up' or 'mingling'. It describes an action of combining or associating with others. It is a compound word formed from ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'again', and μίσγω (misgo), meaning 'to mix' or 'to mingle'. It can be used to describe people who are mixing with others or things that are being mixed together.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΜΙΣΓΟΝΤΕΣ, ΣΥΜΜΙΣΓΟΝΤΕΣ

Etymology: The verb ἀναμίσγω (anamisgo) is formed from the prefix ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'again', and the verb μίσγω (misgo), meaning 'to mix' or 'to mingle'.

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: (to) this, (for) this, (by) this, (in) this, (with) this

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'this' or 'that'. In its dative singular form, as 'ΤΟΥΤΩ', it indicates the indirect object of an action, or the means, instrument, or location. It can be translated as 'to this', 'for this', 'by this', 'in this', or 'with this', depending on the context. It points to something specific that is near or recently mentioned.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

G2016

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ep-ee-fa-NEES

Translations: manifest, conspicuous, illustrious, notable, glorious, a glorious one

Notes: This word describes something or someone that is clearly visible, prominent, or distinguished. It can refer to something that is evident or apparent, or to a person who is famous, noble, or of high standing. It is often used to describe a divine manifestation or a significant event.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΦΑΝΕΡΟΣ, ΕΝΔΟΞΟΣ, ΠΕΡΙΒΛΕΠΤΟΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἐπιφανής (epiphanḗs), from ἐπιφαίνω (epiphaínō, “to show forth, appear”), from ἐπί (epí, “upon, to”) + φαίνω (phaínō, “to shine, appear”).

G3918, G3867

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: par-EEN

Translations: was present, were present, was advising, was exhorting, was encouraging

Notes: This word is an inflected form that can come from two different Koine Greek verbs. It can be the imperfect active indicative, third person singular or plural, of ΠΑΡΕΙΜΙ, meaning 'to be present' or 'to be at hand'. In this sense, it describes someone or something being in a particular place or situation. Alternatively, it can be the imperfect active indicative, third person singular, of ΠΑΡΑΙΝΕΩ, meaning 'to advise', 'to exhort', or 'to encourage'. The specific meaning depends on the context of the sentence.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular or Plural (from ΠΑΡΕΙΜΙ); Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular (from ΠΑΡΑΙΝΕΩ)

Synonyms: ΕΝΔΗΜΕΩ, ΣΥΜΠΑΡΕΙΜΙ, ΣΥΜΒΟΥΛΕΥΩ

G3696

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ho-PLEE-tass

Translations: hoplite, a hoplite, heavy-armed soldier, a heavy-armed soldier

Notes: This word appears to be a misspelling or a corrupted form of 'ὁπλίτης' (hoplites), which refers to a heavy-armed foot soldier in ancient Greece. These soldiers were typically equipped with a large shield (hoplon), a spear, and a sword. They fought in a phalanx formation. The prefix 'ΤΕ' is likely a scribal error or a misreading of the original text. If it were 'ΤΟ', it would be the article 'the'. If it were 'ΤΕ', it would mean 'and' or 'both', but it's unlikely to be part of the noun itself.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Accusative

Synonyms: ΣΤΡΑΤΙΩΤΗΣ, ΜΑΧΗΤΗΣ

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: EKH-ohn

Translations: having, holding, possessing, being in possession of

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. As a participle, it functions like a verbal adjective, describing someone or something that is in the act of having or holding something. It can be translated as 'having' or 'one who has', and often introduces a clause explaining what someone possesses or is doing.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΚΕΚΤΗΜΕΝΟΣ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩΝ

Etymology: The verb ἔχω (echō) comes from Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ- ('to hold, to have'). It is a common verb in ancient Greek, with a wide range of meanings related to possession, state, and action.

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TON

Translations: him, it, them, himself, itself, the same

Notes: This word is an inflection of the pronoun 'ΑΥΤΟΣ'. It can function as a personal pronoun meaning 'him' or 'it' (singular), or 'them' (plural). It can also be used as an intensive pronoun, meaning 'himself' or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. Additionally, when used with an article, it can function as an adjective meaning 'the same'. Its meaning depends on the context and whether it's used alone or with an article.

Inflection: Accusative, Masculine or Neuter, Singular; or Accusative, Masculine, Plural

G4744

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: STEE-phos

Translations: crowd, a crowd, throng, a throng, band, a band, company, a company, body, a body

Notes: This word refers to a compact body of people or animals, a dense crowd, or a close-knit band or company. It emphasizes the idea of a mass or group that is tightly packed together, often implying a military formation or a large gathering.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΧΛΟΣ, ΠΛΗΘΟΣ, ΣΥΣΤΗΜΑ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the verb στείβω (steibō), meaning 'to tread, to press hard'. This connection suggests the idea of a compact or pressed-together group.

G5308

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: hoop-see-LOOS

Translations: high, lofty, exalted, proud, a high one, a lofty one

Notes: This word describes something that is high, lofty, or elevated, either physically (like a high place or building) or metaphorically (like a proud or exalted person). It can refer to physical height, but also to a position of prominence, or a state of being proud or arrogant. In the provided examples, it refers to 'high eyes' (lofty/proud gaze) and 'high houses' (elevated structures).

Inflection: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΝΩ, ΜΕΓΑΣ, ΕΞΟΧΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΥΨΗΛΟΣ (hypsēlos) comes from the Greek word ὕψος (hypsos), meaning 'height' or 'summit'.

G3641

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: o-LI-gon

Translations: little, a little, few, a few, small, a small amount, short, a short time, briefly

Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'little' or 'few', or as an adverb meaning 'a little' or 'briefly'. As an adjective, it describes a small quantity or number of something. As an adverb, it indicates a small degree or duration of an action. It is often used to denote scarcity or brevity.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative (as an adjective); Does not inflect (as an adverb)

Synonyms: ΜΙΚΡΟΣ, ΒΡΑΧΥΣ

Etymology: The word ὈΛΙΓΟΣ (oligos) is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be related to words meaning 'small' or 'scanty'.

G3695

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: oh-PLIS-meh-noos

Translations: armed, equipped, armed ones, equipped ones

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been armed' or 'equipped'. It describes someone or something that has been put into a state of readiness for battle or a task. It can function as an adjective modifying a noun, or as a substantive (noun) referring to 'those who are armed'. In the provided context, it refers to 'the armed ones'.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine, Perfect, Passive

Synonyms: ΕΝΟΠΛΟΣ, ΕΞΟΠΛΙΣΜΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word derives from the Greek noun ὅπλον (hoplon), meaning 'weapon' or 'armor'. The verb ὁπλίζω (hoplizō) means 'to arm' or 'to equip with weapons'.

G3811

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: peh-peh-thev-MEH-noos

Translations: educated, trained, disciplined, instructed, corrected, chastened, the educated, those who have been trained, those who have been disciplined

Notes: This word is the perfect passive participle of the verb 'παιδεύω' (paideuō), meaning 'to educate,' 'to train,' 'to discipline,' or 'to instruct.' As a participle, it describes someone or something that has undergone the action of the verb. It can function as an adjective, meaning 'educated' or 'trained,' or as a noun, referring to 'the educated ones' or 'those who have been trained.' In this form, it is used to describe a group of people who have received instruction or discipline.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΑΧΘΕΝΤΑΣ, ΜΕΜΑΘΗΚΟΤΑΣ, ΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΟΝΑΣ

G3606

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: O-THEN

Translations: from where, whence, wherefore, therefore, for which reason

Notes: This word is an adverb that can indicate either origin or consequence. It is used to ask or state 'from where' something comes or originates. It can also be used to mean 'therefore' or 'for which reason', indicating a logical conclusion or cause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟ, ΔΙΑ ΤΟΥΤΟ, ΟΠΟΥ

Etymology: From the demonstrative stem *ho- (meaning 'this' or 'that') combined with the suffix -θεν, which indicates origin or source. It is related to other adverbs of place and origin in Greek.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EE-khon

Translations: had, were having, possessed, held

Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past. It can be used to indicate possession, a state of being, or to describe an action that was happening over a period of time in the past. For example, 'they had' or 'they were holding'.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΤΩΜΑΙ, ΚΕΚΤΗΜΑΙ, ΕΠΙΛΑΜΒΑΝΟΜΑΙ

G5302

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: hoos-teh-ROON-tes

Translations: lacking, being in need, falling short, coming short, being deficient, suffering want, being behind

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'Υστερέω'. It describes someone or something that is deficient, lacking, or falling short in some way. It can be used to indicate a state of being in need, or to describe a failure to meet a standard or expectation. For example, it might describe people who are in want of something, or who are not measuring up to a certain requirement.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΝΔΕΕΙΣ, ΠΤΩΧΟΙ

G2117, G1063

Part of Speech: Verb, Conjunction

Sounds like: yoo-day-moh-NEE-say-gar

Translations: to be happy, to prosper, to flourish, for, because, indeed

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the aorist infinitive of the verb ΕΥ̓ΔΑΙΜΟΝΕΩ (eudaimoneō), meaning 'to be happy' or 'to prosper', and the postpositive conjunction ΓΑΡ (gar), meaning 'for' or 'because'. The combined form 'ΕΥ̓ΔΑΙΜΟΝΗΣΑΙΓΑΡ' would typically be translated as 'for to be happy' or 'for to prosper'. The infinitive indicates the purpose or result of an action, while 'gar' provides a reason or explanation for a preceding statement. It is not a single lexical entry but a combination of two distinct words.

Inflection: Aorist, Infinitive, Active (for ΕΥ̓ΔΑΙΜΟΝΗΣΑΙ); Does not inflect (for ΓΑΡ)

Synonyms: ΕΥ̓ΤΥΧΕΩ, ὈΛΒΙΖΩ, ΔΙΟΤΙ

G3122

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: MA-lis-TA

Translations: especially, most, indeed, yes, certainly, above all

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'especially,' 'most,' or 'above all.' It is often used to emphasize a particular point or item in a list. It can also be used as a strong affirmation, meaning 'yes,' 'certainly,' or 'indeed.'

Inflection: Superlative form of ΜΑΛΑ; Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΑΛΛΟΝ, ΠΕΡΙΣΣΟΤΕΡΩΣ

Etymology: From the adverb ΜΑΛΑ (mala), meaning 'very' or 'much.' ΜΑΛΙΣΤΑ is its superlative form, indicating 'most' or 'very much so.'

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-POH

Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.

G4845

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-eh-BEH

Translations: it happened, it came to pass, it occurred, it befell

Notes: This is an impersonal verb form meaning 'it happened' or 'it occurred'. It describes an event or circumstance that took place, often used to introduce a consequence or a development in a narrative. It is typically used in the third person singular.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΑΠΟΒΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: The word συμβαίνω (symbainō) is a compound word formed from the preposition σύν (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb βαίνω (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to step'. Thus, it literally means 'to go together' or 'to come together', which evolved into the meaning 'to happen' or 'to occur'.

G4250

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: PRIN

Translations: before, sooner, until, ere

Notes: This word functions as an adverb or a conjunction, indicating a point in time prior to another event or action. As an adverb, it means 'before' or 'sooner'. As a conjunction, it means 'before' or 'until', often introducing a clause that describes an event that has not yet happened. It is frequently used with an infinitive or a subjunctive verb.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *per- (forward, through). It is related to the preposition πρό (pro, before).

G3331

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: meh-tah-bo-LEES

Translations: of change, of alteration, of transformation, a change, an alteration, a transformation

Notes: This word refers to a change, alteration, or transformation. It describes the act or result of something becoming different from what it was before. It can be used in various contexts to denote a shift, a turning point, or a complete metamorphosis.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΑΓΗ, ΜΕΤΑΜΟΡΦΩΣΙΣ

Etymology: From the Greek verb μεταβάλλω (metaballō), meaning 'to change, to turn about', which is itself formed from μετά (meta), meaning 'with, among, after', and βάλλω (ballō), meaning 'to throw'.

G0661

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-peh-FEE-neh

Translations: declared, showed, made known, revealed, demonstrated, pronounced

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to declare, show, or make something known, often publicly or officially. It implies a clear and definitive revelation or pronouncement of something that was previously unclear or hidden. It is used to express the act of bringing something into the light or making it evident.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΔΗΛΟΩ, ΦΑΙΝΩ, ΕΚΦΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: The word ἀποφαίνω (apophainō) is a compound word formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb φαίνω (phainō), meaning 'to show' or 'to appear'. Thus, it literally means 'to show forth' or 'to make manifest from'.

G2532, G1565

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Pronoun

Sounds like: kah-keh-EE-nos

Translations: and that one, and he, and she, and it, and those, and they

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the conjunction 'καί' (and) and the demonstrative pronoun 'ἐκεῖνος' (that one, he, she, it). It means 'and that one' or 'and he/she/it', often used to refer back to a previously mentioned person or thing, or to introduce another person or thing in a similar context. It functions as a pronoun with an added conjunctive sense.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Masculine

G3762

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: oo-DEH-nah

Translations: no one, nobody, none, nothing

Notes: This word is the accusative singular form of the negative pronoun/adjective "οὐδείς" (oudeis), meaning "no one," "nobody," or "nothing." It is a compound word formed from "οὐ" (ou, "not") and "εἷς" (heis, "one"). It is used to negate a person or thing, functioning as the direct object in a sentence. For example, it could mean "(I saw) no one" or "(I have) nothing."

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΜΗΔΕΙΣ, ΟΥ̓ΔΕΝ

G5534

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: KHRAY

Translations: it is necessary, it is proper, one ought, must, should

Notes: This is an impersonal verb meaning 'it is necessary' or 'it is proper'. It is often used to express a moral obligation or a logical necessity. It typically takes an infinitive or an accusative with an infinitive to complete its meaning, indicating what is necessary or proper to do.

Inflection: Impersonal, 3rd person singular, Present, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΔΕΙ, ΕΞΕΣΤΙ

Etymology: From an obsolete verb χράω (chraō), meaning 'to furnish what is needful'. It is related to words concerning use and usefulness.

G0243

Part of Speech: Prefix

Sounds like: ALL

Translations: other, another, different, foreign

Notes: This is a prefix form of the word 'ἄλλος' (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to form compound words that convey the idea of something being different, foreign, or belonging to another group. For example, 'ἀλλογενῶν' means 'of other races', 'ἀλλότριοι' means 'strangers' or 'foreigners', and 'ἀλλόφυλους' means 'foreigners' or 'of another tribe'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix)

Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.

G3816

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PAIS

Translations: child, a child, boy, a boy, girl, a girl, servant, a servant, slave, a slave

Notes: This word refers to a child, whether a boy or a girl, and can also denote a servant or slave, regardless of age. Its meaning often depends on the context, indicating a young person or someone in a position of servitude. For example, it can refer to a son or daughter, or a male or female attendant.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΤΕΚΝΟΝ, ΔΟΥΛΟΣ, ΚΟΡΑΣΙΟΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w- ('small, few'). It is related to words meaning 'child' or 'small' in various Indo-European languages.

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ak-MAH-zon-tos

Translations: at the prime, in full bloom, in full vigor, at the height, in the prime of life, in the prime of its power, in the prime of its season

Notes: This word describes something or someone that is at its peak, in its prime, or in full bloom. It refers to a state of being at the highest point of development, strength, or maturity. It can be used to describe a person in the prime of their life, a season at its height, or a power at its peak.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΑΚΜΗ, ΑΚΜΑΙΟΣ, ΕΥΘΑΛΗΣ

Etymology: The word derives from the Greek noun ἀκμή (akmē), meaning 'peak, point, prime'.

G5119

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: tay-nee-KAH-oo-tah

Translations: then, at that time, at that very time

Notes: This word is an adverb of time, meaning 'then' or 'at that very time'. It is used to indicate a specific point in time, often referring back to a previously mentioned event or circumstance. It emphasizes that something happened precisely at that moment.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΤΟΤΕ, ΕΚΕΙ

Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun τῆνι (tēni), meaning 'at that place' or 'at that time', combined with the particle -καῦτα (-kauta), which intensifies the demonstrative meaning.

G3918

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: pa-RON

Translations: present, being present, at hand, here, one who is present, a present one

Notes: This word is the masculine singular nominative present active participle of the verb 'πάρειμι' (pareimi), meaning 'to be present' or 'to be at hand'. As a participle, it describes someone or something that is currently present or existing in a particular place or time. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun (e.g., 'the present man'), or substantively, acting as a noun itself (e.g., 'the one who is present').

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΕΝΩΝ, ΕΝΔΗΜΩΝ

Etymology: The word 'πάρειμι' is a compound word formed from the preposition 'παρά' (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and the verb 'εἰμί' (eimi), meaning 'to be'. Thus, it literally means 'to be alongside' or 'to be present'.

G2296

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: thav-MAH-zayn

Translations: to wonder, to marvel, to be amazed, to admire

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'θαυμάζω'. It means to be filled with wonder, amazement, or admiration. It can be used to express surprise, awe, or a deep sense of respect for something or someone. For example, one might 'wonder at' a great deed or 'marvel at' a beautiful sight.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΕΚΠΛΗΣΣΩ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ, ΑΠΟΡΕΩ

Etymology: The word 'θαυμάζω' (thaumazō) comes from 'θαῦμα' (thauma), meaning 'a wonder, a marvel, a sight'. Its origin is likely related to the root 'thea-' meaning 'to see' or 'to gaze at', implying something that causes one to gaze in wonder.

G5101

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE

Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing

Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: day-POH-teh

Translations: at some time, at length, at last, finally, perhaps, possibly, now, then, for instance, for example

Notes: This word is a compound adverb formed from the particles ΔΗ (dē) and ΠΟΤΕ (pote). It is used to indicate a point in time, often with a sense of 'at some time' or 'at length'. It can also convey a sense of 'perhaps' or 'possibly' when used in a more speculative context. In some cases, it can introduce an example or illustration, meaning 'for instance' or 'for example'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΟΤΕ, ΗΔΗ, ΤΟΤΕ

Etymology: The word ΔΗΠΟΤΕ is a compound of the particle ΔΗ (dē), which emphasizes or affirms, and the indefinite adverb ΠΟΤΕ (pote), meaning 'at some time' or 'ever'.

G2655

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-TOK-noy-en

Translations: to hesitate, to shrink from, to be reluctant, to be afraid

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the prefix κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against,' and the verb ὀκνέω (okneō), meaning 'to shrink from' or 'to hesitate.' It describes the action of holding back or being reluctant to do something, often due to fear or apprehension. It implies a hesitation or a shrinking away from an action or a situation.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Optative, Active

Synonyms: ΟΚΝΕΩ, ΔΙΣΤΑΖΩ, ΦΟΒΕΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΟΚΝΕΩ is a compound of the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against,' and the verb ὀκνέω (okneō), meaning 'to shrink from' or 'to hesitate.' The verb ὀκνέω itself is derived from ὄκνος (oknos), meaning 'hesitation' or 'shrinking.'

G4334

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-ee-EH-nai

Translations: to approach, to come to, to go to, to come near, to allow to come, to permit to come

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive of the verb προσίημι (prosiēmi). It means to approach or come near to someone or something. It can also mean to allow or permit someone to come. It is often used in contexts where a person or thing moves towards another.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΑΡΕΙΜΙ

Etymology: The word προσίημι is a compound verb formed from the preposition πρός (pros), meaning "to, toward, with," and the verb ἵημι (hiēmi), meaning "to send, to throw, to put in motion." Thus, it literally means "to send oneself toward" or "to put oneself in motion toward."

G5101

Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective

Sounds like: TEES

Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing

Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.

Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.

G1510, G2532

Part of Speech: Verb, Conjunction

Sounds like: AYN-kigh

Translations: was and, was also, was even

Notes: This is a compound phrase formed by the verb 'ην' (ēn), meaning 'was' (from the verb 'to be'), and the conjunction 'και' (kai), meaning 'and', 'also', or 'even'. It is not a single word but rather two distinct words written together, which is common in ancient Greek manuscripts due to scriptio continua (writing without spaces). It describes a state of being ('was') followed by an additional element ('and', 'also', or 'even').

Inflection: Verb: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular; Conjunction: Does not inflect

G3852

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: pah-RAH-boh-los

Translations: reckless, rash, daring, venturesome, dangerous, a dangerous

Notes: This adjective describes someone or something that is reckless, rash, or daring. It implies a willingness to take risks, often to an extreme degree, and can also refer to something that is dangerous or perilous. It is used to characterize actions or individuals who act without due caution, or situations that present significant hazards.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΤΟΛΜΗΡΟΣ, ΑΠΕΡΙΣΚΕΠΤΟΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek παραβολή (parabolē, “juxtaposition, comparison, parable”) + -ος (-os, adjectival suffix). It literally means 'placed alongside' or 'comparable', but evolved to mean 'reckless' or 'daring' due to the idea of 'throwing oneself alongside' or 'exposing oneself to danger'.

G5118

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: toh-SOO-tos

Translations: so great, so much, so large, so many, a so great one, a so much one

Notes: This word is a demonstrative adjective meaning 'so great' or 'so much'. It is used to indicate a large quantity, degree, or extent of something, often implying a consequence or result. It can be used to describe both countable and uncountable nouns.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΤΗΛΙΚΟΥΤΟΣ, ΤΟΣΟΣ

Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun τοῖος (toios, 'such, of such a kind') and the suffix -οῦτος (-outos, 'this, that').

G3640

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: oh-li-GOH-oh

Translations: I make little, I diminish, I despise, I make light of, I belittle

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to make little, to diminish, to despise, or to belittle'. It describes the action of reducing something in size, importance, or value. It can be used in contexts where someone or something is being made insignificant or treated with contempt.

Inflection: First Person Singular, Present, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΜΕΙΟΩ, ἘΛΑΤΤΟΩ, ΚΑΤΑΦΡΟΝΕΩ

Etymology: The verb ὈΛΙΓΟΩ (oligoo) is derived from the adjective ὈΛΙΓΟΣ (oligos), meaning 'little, few'. It describes the action of making something 'little' or 'few'.

G5112

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: tays-TOL-mees

Translations: of the boldness, of the daring, of the courage, of the audacity, of the rashness

Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the feminine noun 'τόλμη' (tolmē), meaning 'boldness,' 'daring,' 'courage,' or 'audacity.' It is preceded by the definite article 'τῆς' (tēs), which also indicates feminine, singular, and genitive case. In a sentence, it would typically indicate possession, origin, or a relationship 'of' something, for example, 'the greatness of the boldness.'

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΘΑΡΣΟΣ, ΕΥΨΥΧΙΑ

Etymology: The word 'τόλμη' (tolmē) comes from the verb 'τολμάω' (tolmaō), meaning 'to dare' or 'to be bold.'

G1237

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-ah-mar-TAH-neen

Translations: to miss, to fail, to err, to go wrong, to make a mistake

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart,' and the verb ἁμαρτάνω (hamartanō), meaning 'to miss the mark' or 'to sin.' As an infinitive, it means 'to miss completely,' 'to fail utterly,' or 'to make a serious error.' It is often used to describe missing a target, failing to achieve a goal, or making a significant mistake in judgment or action.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΜΑΡΤΑΝΩ, ΑΠΟΤΥΓΧΑΝΩ, ΠΛΑΝΑΩ

Etymology: The word ΔΙΑΜΑΡΤΑΝΩ is a compound of the preposition ΔΙΑ (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart,' and the verb ΑΜΑΡΤΑΝΩ (hamartanō), meaning 'to miss the mark, to err, to sin.' The prefix διά intensifies the meaning of missing or failing.

G3405

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: may-dee-AH-san-tos

Translations: of having smiled, of one who smiled, when he smiled, after he smiled

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'meidiao', meaning 'to smile' or 'to laugh gently'. As a participle, it describes an action that occurred prior to or concurrently with the main verb of the sentence. In this genitive case, it often functions adverbially, indicating the time or circumstance of an action, such as 'when he smiled' or 'after he smiled', or it can modify a noun in the genitive case, meaning 'of the one who smiled'.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΓΕΛΑΩ, ΧΑΙΡΩ

Etymology: The word 'meidiao' (ΜΕΙΔΙΑΩ) is derived from 'meido' (μειδάω), which means 'to smile'. Its origin is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the idea of a gentle, pleasant expression.

G2839

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: KOY-nos

Translations: common, shared, public, unclean, unholy

Notes: This word describes something that is common, shared, or public. It can refer to something that belongs to everyone or is accessible to all. In some contexts, particularly in religious texts, it can also mean 'unclean' or 'unholy,' referring to something that is not set apart or consecrated.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΚΟΙΝΩΝΟΣ, ΔΗΜΟΣΙΟΣ, ΒΕΒΗΛΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΚΟΙΝΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the Proto-Indo-European root *kom- meaning 'with, beside, along'. It refers to something shared or belonging to a community.

G3998

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: POH-nos

Translations: toil, labor, pain, distress, suffering, hardship, a toil, a labor, a pain, a distress, a suffering, a hardship

Notes: This word appears to be a misspelling of 'πόνος' (ponos), which means 'toil', 'labor', 'pain', 'distress', or 'suffering'. It refers to physical or mental exertion, often associated with difficulty or hardship. It can be used to describe the effort put into a task or the suffering experienced as a result of a condition.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΟΠΟΣ, ΜΟΧΘΟΣ, ΘΛΙΨΙΣ

G3004

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ay-PON-tos

Translations: of saying, of speaking, of telling, of declaring

Notes: This word is a participle, meaning 'of saying' or 'of speaking'. It is derived from the verb 'λέγω' (legō), which means 'to say' or 'to speak'. As a genitive participle, it often indicates the person or thing that is doing the action of speaking, especially in a dependent clause or a genitive absolute construction, functioning similarly to 'when he said' or 'after he had spoken'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΦΗΜΙ, ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ

G3767

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OON

Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.

G5442

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-fy-LAHT-teh-toh

Translations: was being guarded, was being kept, was being watched over, was being preserved

Notes: This word is the imperfect indicative middle/passive third person singular form of the verb 'φυλάττω' (phylatto). It describes an action that was ongoing or repeated in the past, indicating that someone or something 'was being guarded,' 'was being kept,' or 'was being watched over.' It implies a continuous state of protection or preservation.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle or Passive, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΤΗΡΕΩ, ΦΡΟΥΡΕΩ, ΔΙΑΦΥΛΑΤΤΩ

Etymology: The word 'φυλάττω' (phylatto) comes from 'φύλαξ' (phylax), meaning 'a guard' or 'watcher'. It is related to the concept of watching, guarding, and preserving.

G5115

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: tox-EH-oo-ohn

Translations: shooting, firing (arrows), bowing

Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb 'τοξεύω' (toxéuō), meaning 'to shoot with a bow' or 'to fire arrows'. As a participle, it describes an ongoing action, often functioning like an adjective or adverb, indicating someone who is in the act of shooting or firing arrows. For example, it could be used to describe 'the one shooting' or 'while shooting'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΒΑΛΛΩΝ, ΡΙΠΤΩΝ

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

G4937

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-eh-TREE-bee

Translations: was broken, was crushed, was shattered, was bruised

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to be broken,' 'to be crushed,' or 'to be shattered.' It is the aorist passive indicative form of the verb 'συντρίβω' (syntribō), indicating an action that was completed in the past and was done to the subject. It can be used to describe physical breaking or crushing, or metaphorically, such as being broken in spirit.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΘΛΑΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΝΥΜΙ, ΡΗΓΝΥΜΙ

G4133

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: PLAYN

Translations: but, nevertheless, except, only, however, save, yet, notwithstanding, (except) for

Notes: This word functions as an adverb, conjunction, or preposition, indicating an exception, contrast, or limitation. As an adverb, it means 'nevertheless' or 'only'. As a conjunction, it means 'but' or 'however', introducing a contrasting statement. As a preposition, it means 'except' or 'save', typically followed by a genitive case, indicating exclusion.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΑ, ΕΙ ΜΗ, ΧΩΡΙΣ

Etymology: From an obsolete root, possibly related to πλῆθος (plēthos, 'multitude'), suggesting a sense of 'fullness' or 'completeness' from which something is excluded.

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ai-DOH-tays

Translations: unknown, a person from Hades, an inhabitant of Hades

Notes: This word is not a standard Koine Greek word found in lexicons or common texts. It appears to be a misspelling or a very rare variant. Based on its structure, it might be a compound word related to 'Hades' (ᾍδης) and a suffix indicating a person or agent. If it were a valid word, it would likely refer to an inhabitant of Hades or someone associated with the underworld. However, it's not clear what this word means. It could be garbled or badly misspelled.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Etymology: This word is not a recognized Koine Greek term, and therefore, its etymology is unknown. It may be a unique or misspelled form.

G4369

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-eh-fee-loh-NEE-kee

Translations: he was contending, he was disputing, he was insisting, he was persisting in contention, he was striving, he was quarreling

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the prefix 'προς-' (pros-), meaning 'to' or 'in addition to', and 'φιλονεικέω' (philoneikeō), meaning 'to love contention' or 'to be contentious'. The combined meaning is to contend further, to dispute in addition, to insist on something, or to persist in a quarrel. It describes an action of continued or additional striving or disputing.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΕΡΙΖΩ, ΜΑΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΝΤΙΛΕΓΩ

Etymology: The root verb ΦΙΛΟΝΕΙΚΕΩ (philoneikeō) is derived from ΦΙΛΟΣ (philos), meaning 'loving' or 'dear', and ΝΕΙΚΟΣ (neikos), meaning 'strife' or 'quarrel'. The prefix ΠΡΟΣ- (pros-) indicates direction 'to' or 'in addition'.

G3164

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ma-KHO-me-na

Translations: fighting, contending, warring, struggling

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle derived from the verb 'μάχομαι' (machomai), meaning 'to fight' or 'to contend'. It describes an action that is currently happening or ongoing. It can be used to describe people or things that are engaged in a struggle or conflict.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Nominative/Accusative/Vocative, Neuter, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΕΜΟΥΝΤΑ, ΑΓΩΝΙΖΟΜΕΝΑ, ΕΡΙΖΟΝΤΑ

G0325, G5137

Part of Speech: Verb, Noun

Sounds like: ah-neh-KHO-roo-oon TRAU-mah-tee-ai

Translations: they were withdrawing, they were retreating, they were departing, wounded men, injured men, a wounded man, an injured man

Notes: This appears to be a compound word or a concatenation of two separate words: ἈΝΕΧΩΡΟΥΝ (anexōroun) and ΤΡΑΥΜΑΤΙΑΙ (traumatiāi). ἈΝΕΧΩΡΟΥΝ means 'they were withdrawing' or 'they were retreating,' indicating an action of moving back or departing. ΤΡΑΥΜΑΤΙΑΙ means 'wounded men' or 'injured men,' referring to individuals who have sustained injuries. Therefore, the combined phrase would mean 'the wounded men were withdrawing' or 'the injured men were retreating.' It describes a group of injured individuals performing the action of retreating.

Inflection: ἈΝΕΧΩΡΟΥΝ: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural; ΤΡΑΥΜΑΤΙΑΙ: Nominative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ΦΕΥΓΩ, ΠΛΗΓΕΙΣ

G4920

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: soon-no-OON-tes

Translations: understanding, comprehending, considering, perceiving, thinking together, reflecting, pondering

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from 'σύν' (together with) and 'νοέω' (to perceive, understand). It means to understand or comprehend something together with others, or to consider and reflect upon something deeply. It implies a process of mental engagement and often shared understanding or deliberation. It is used to describe someone who is actively thinking about or grasping a concept.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΝΟΕΩ, ΣΥΝΙΗΜΙ, ΚΑΤΑΝΟΕΩ

G3754

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G3195

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-MEL-loy-en

Translations: they would be about to, they would intend to, they would delay

Notes: This is an inflected form of the verb 'μέλλω' (mello), meaning 'to be about to' or 'to intend to'. It is used to express an action that is imminent or intended. In this specific form, it indicates a potential or hypothetical action in the past, often translated with 'would be about to' or 'would intend to'. It can also mean 'to delay' or 'to hesitate'.

Inflection: 3rd Person, Plural, Imperfect, Optative, Active

Synonyms: ΕΘΕΛΩ, ΒΟΥΛΟΜΑΙ

G2902

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kra-TEH-in

Translations: to rule, to hold, to prevail, to master, to overcome, to control, to grasp, to seize

Notes: This word describes the act of exercising power, authority, or control over something or someone. It can mean to rule or govern, to hold fast or grasp firmly, or to overcome and prevail in a struggle. It is often used to indicate dominance or mastery.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑΖΩ, ΚΥΡΙΕΥΩ, ΑΡΧΩ

Etymology: The word κρατέω (krateō) derives from κράτος (kratos), meaning 'strength, power, might, dominion'.

G1163

Part of Speech: Impersonal Verb

Sounds like: DEH-ee

Translations: it is necessary, one must, it is proper, it behooves

Notes: This is an impersonal verb meaning 'it is necessary' or 'one must'. It expresses a strong sense of obligation, necessity, or inevitability. It is often used with an infinitive to indicate what must be done or what is destined to happen.

Inflection: Impersonal, 3rd person singular, Present, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΧΡΗ, ΑΝΑΓΚΗ ΕΣΤΙΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *deyh₂- (to shine, to gleam), which developed into the sense of 'to be visible, to appear', and then 'to be proper, to be necessary'.

G223

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ah-lek-SAN-droo

Translations: of Alexander

Notes: This is the genitive form of the proper noun 'Alexander'. It refers to a person named Alexander, most notably Alexander the Great, the Macedonian king who conquered much of the ancient world. It is used to indicate possession or origin, similar to 'Alexander's' or 'belonging to Alexander' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: From the Greek name Alexandros, meaning 'defender of mankind' or 'protector of men'. It is a compound of 'alexein' (to defend, help) and 'aner' (man, male).

G5177

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: too-KHEES

Translations: of fortune, of chance, of luck, fortune, a fortune, chance, a chance, luck, a luck

Notes: This word is a noun referring to fortune, chance, or luck. It describes the outcome of events, whether good or bad, that are not necessarily attributed to divine will or human effort but rather to an unpredictable force. It is often used in contexts discussing the unpredictable nature of life or the role of fate.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΜΟΙΡΑ, ΕΙΜΑΡΜΕΝΗ

Etymology: From the verb τυγχάνω (tynchanō), meaning 'to happen, to obtain by chance'.

G0756

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ar-KSA-meh-noys

Translations: (to) those who began, (for) those who began, (to) those who started, (for) those who started

Notes: This word is a participle, indicating an action of 'beginning' or 'starting'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective while retaining verbal characteristics, describing the ones who performed the action of beginning. It is in the dative case, meaning it typically indicates the indirect object of a verb, or the recipient or beneficiary of an action.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Dative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

G0760, G4931

Part of Speech: Compound Word

Sounds like: ar-te-mi-SEE-oo-syn-e-TE-les-the

Translations: of Artemision, it was completed, it was finished

Notes: This is a compound word, likely a concatenation of two separate words: Ἀρτεμισίου (Artemisiou) and συνετέλεσθη (synetelesthē). Ἀρτεμισίου is the genitive singular form of Ἀρτεμίσιος, referring to the month of Artemision, which corresponds to parts of May and June. Συνετέλεσθη is the aorist passive indicative third person singular of the verb συντελέω, meaning 'it was completed' or 'it was finished'. Therefore, the combined phrase means 'it was completed in Artemision' or 'it was finished in the month of Artemision'. This word is not typically found as a single compound in Koine Greek and appears to be a transcription error or a stylistic choice to combine two words without a space.

Inflection: Genitive, Singular, Masculine (for Ἀρτεμισίου); Aorist, Passive, Indicative, Third Person, Singular (for συνετέλεσθη)

G3433

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: MOH-lees

Translations: with difficulty, scarcely, hardly, barely, just, only just

Notes: This word is an adverb that indicates something is done with great effort or difficulty, or that it happens only just in time or to a very limited extent. It can convey the idea of something barely happening or being achieved. For example, 'he barely escaped' or 'they arrived only just'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΥΣΚΟΛΩΣ, ΣΧΕΔΟΝ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the Greek word μόλος (molos), meaning 'toil' or 'struggle'.

G3999

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: po-noo-MEH-non

Translations: of those toiling, of those laboring, of those suffering, of those distressed, of those in pain

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'πονέω' (poneō), meaning 'to toil,' 'to labor,' 'to suffer,' or 'to be in pain.' As a genitive plural participle, it refers to 'those who are toiling' or 'those who are suffering,' indicating possession or origin. It is used to describe a group of people experiencing hardship or effort.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter, Present, Middle or Passive

Synonyms: ΚΑΜΝΟΝΤΩΝ, ΚΟΠΙΩΝΤΩΝ, ΤΑΛΑΙΠΩΡΟΥΝΤΩΝ

G3176

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: MEH-giss-tah

Translations: greatest, very great, most great, greatest ones, very great ones, most great ones

Notes: This word is the superlative form of 'great', meaning 'greatest' or 'very great'. It is used to describe something or someone as being the utmost in size, importance, or degree. In the provided examples, it refers to 'great ones' or 'nobles', indicating people of high status or power.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΜΕΓΑΛΟΣ, ΥΠΕΡΜΕΓΕΘΗΣ

Etymology: The word ΜΕΓΑΣ (megas) comes from Proto-Indo-European *meǵ- meaning 'great'. The superlative form ΜΕΓΙΣΤΟΣ (megistos) is derived from this root.

G5579

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ekh-OHS-thay

Translations: was heaped up, was piled up, was filled up, was mounded

Notes: This word is the aorist passive indicative form of the verb 'χόω' (choo), meaning 'to heap up' or 'to pile up'. In this form, it indicates that something was heaped up or piled up in the past, with the action being done to the subject rather than by the subject. It describes a completed action of accumulation or formation of a mound.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Passive

Synonyms: ΠΛΗΡΟΩ, ΣΩΡΕΥΩ

Etymology: The word χόω (choo) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰew- meaning 'to pour'. It is related to words describing the act of pouring or heaping material.

G2532, G2087

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: kahee-THA-teh-ron

Translations: and the other, and the one, and the second, and the other one

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the conjunction 'καί' (kai), meaning 'and', and 'θάτερον' (thateron), which is a contraction of 'τὸ ἕτερον' (to heteron), meaning 'the other' or 'the one'. It is used to connect two elements and specify the 'other' or 'second' of a pair. It functions as 'and the other' or 'and the one'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΕΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: ΚΑΙ (kai) is an ancient Greek conjunction, likely from Proto-Indo-European. ΕΤΕΡΟΣ (heteros) is from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'other' or 'different'. ΘΑΤΕΡΟΝ is a contraction of the definite article 'τὸ' (to) and 'ἕτερον' (heteron).

G5001, G0906

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: TAG-ma-tos-EB-lee-thay

Translations: was thrown by a division, was cast by a regiment, was put by a troop, was laid by an order

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the genitive singular of the noun 'τάγμα' (tagma), meaning 'of a division' or 'of a regiment', and the aorist passive indicative third person singular of the verb 'βάλλω' (ballō), meaning 'was thrown' or 'was cast'. Therefore, the combined word means 'was thrown by a division' or 'was cast by a regiment'. It describes an action performed by a military unit or an organized group.

Inflection: Compound word: ΤΑΓΜΑΤΟΣ is Singular, Genitive, Neuter; ἘΒΛΗΘΗ is Aorist, Passive, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

G2564

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ka-loo-MEH-nays

Translations: called, being called, named, being named, a called one, a named one

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'καλέω' (kaleō), meaning 'to call' or 'to name'. It describes someone or something that is being called or named. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, and can also be used substantively to refer to 'the one who is called' or 'the one who is named'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine, Present, Passive

Synonyms: ΟΝΟΜΑΖΟΜΕΝΗΣ, ΠΡΟΣΑΓΟΡΕΥΟΜΕΝΗΣ

G2087

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: EH-teh-ron

Translations: another, other, different, a different thing, an other thing

Notes: This word means 'another' or 'other', emphasizing a difference in kind or quality from something else. It is used to refer to something distinct or different from what has been previously mentioned or implied. For example, it might be used to say 'another person' or 'a different kind of thing'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΕΤΕΡΟΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'one of two' or 'the other'. It is related to the English word 'other'.

G1300

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: dee-ess-TOH-toss

Translations: (of) having stood apart, (of) having separated, (of) having been distant, (of) having been divided

Notes: This word is a perfect active participle, meaning 'having stood apart' or 'having separated'. It describes a state of being separated or distant. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ΔΙΑ (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and the verb ΙΣΤΗΜΙ (histēmi), meaning 'to stand'. Thus, it literally means 'to stand apart through'. It can be used to describe things that are physically separated or people who are estranged.

Inflection: Perfect Active Participle, Genitive Singular, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΕΧΩΡΙΣΜΕΝΟΣ, ΑΠΕΧΩΝ

G3745

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: OH-son

Translations: as much as, as many as, as great as, how much, how many, how great, as far as, as long as, as soon as, as

Notes: This word is a relative adjective or pronominal adjective, meaning 'as much as' or 'as many as'. It is often used to indicate quantity, extent, or degree. When used as an adverb, it can mean 'as far as', 'as long as', or 'as soon as'. It can introduce a clause that specifies a measure or comparison. For example, 'as much as you want' or 'as many people as there are'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΠΟΣΟΣ, ΗΛΙΚΟΣ

Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun *ho* (the) and the suffix -sos, indicating quantity or measure. It is related to ὅς (hos, 'who, which') and τοσοῦτος (tosoutos, 'so great, so much').

G4183

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: PO-loo

Translations: much, many, great, greatly, often, a lot

Notes: This word is commonly used to indicate a large quantity, degree, or frequency. As an adverb, it means 'much,' 'greatly,' or 'often,' modifying verbs or adjectives. As an adjective, it means 'much' (for singular nouns) or 'many' (for plural nouns), describing the quantity of something. It can also mean 'great' in terms of size or importance.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular (as adjective); Does not inflect (as adverb)

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΛΑ, ΠΛΕΙΟΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'much' or 'many'. It is a very common word across various Indo-European languages.

G2824

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KLEE-mah-toh

Translations: of a region, of a climate, of a zone, to a region, to a climate, to a zone

Notes: This word refers to a region, district, or zone, often implying a specific geographical area or a division of the earth's surface. It can also refer to a climate or a particular inclination. In the provided examples, it is used to denote a specific direction or quarter, such as the northern quarter.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive or Dative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΤΟΠΟΣ, ΠΕΔΙΟΝ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek κλίνω (klínō, “to lean, incline”), referring to the inclination of the earth's surface.

G2041

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ER-gon

Translations: work, a work, deed, act, task, business

Notes: This word refers to a work, deed, or action. It can describe anything that is done, whether it's a physical labor, a moral act, or a task to be accomplished. It is often used to denote the result of an action or the activity itself.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΞΙΣ, ΔΟΥΛΕΙΑ, ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑ

Etymology: The word 'ergon' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *werǵ-, meaning 'to do' or 'to work'. It is related to English words like 'work' and 'energy'.

G4377

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pros-ah-go-REH-oo-men-ayn

Translations: called, named, addressed as, a called, a named, an addressed as

Notes: This word is a present passive participle, meaning 'being called' or 'being named'. It describes something or someone that is referred to by a particular name or title. It functions adjectivally, modifying a noun, indicating that the noun is the one being called or named. For example, 'the city called Jerusalem' or 'the man named John'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine, Present, Passive

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΟΥΜΕΝΗΝ, ΟΝΟΜΑΖΟΜΕΝΗΝ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΣΑΓΟΡΕΥΩ (prosagoreuō) is a compound word formed from the preposition ΠΡΟΣ (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and the verb ΑΓΟΡΕΥΩ (agoreuō), meaning 'to speak' or 'to proclaim'. Thus, it literally means 'to speak to' or 'to address', which evolved to mean 'to name' or 'to call by name'.

G3778, G1161

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: TOO-too-DEH

Translations: (of) this, but (of) this, and (of) this, moreover (of) this

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the genitive singular masculine or neuter form of the demonstrative pronoun 'οὗτος' (this) and the enclitic particle 'δε' (but, and, moreover). It indicates possession or relationship to 'this' person or thing, while also adding a connective or adversative sense to the clause. It is used to refer back to something previously mentioned, often introducing a new point or contrast related to it.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: Οὗτος, Αὐτός

Part of Speech: Ordinal Numeral, Adjective

Sounds like: pen-teh-KAI-deh-ton

Translations: fifteenth, a fifteenth

Notes: This word is an ordinal numeral meaning 'fifteenth'. It is a compound word formed from 'πέντε' (five), 'καί' (and), and 'δέκα' (ten), with the ordinal suffix '-τον'. It functions as an adjective, describing the position of something in a sequence, such as 'the fifteenth day' or 'the fifteenth legion'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: This word is a compound of the cardinal numbers 'πέντε' (five), 'καί' (and), and 'δέκα' (ten), with the ordinal suffix '-τον'. It is derived from Proto-Indo-European roots for 'five' and 'ten'.

G5144

Part of Speech: Numeral

Sounds like: tree-AH-kon-tah

Translations: thirty

Notes: This word means 'thirty' and is used to denote the number 30. It functions as an indeclinable numeral, meaning its form does not change regardless of the gender, case, or number of the noun it modifies. It is typically used to quantify nouns, indicating a quantity of thirty units.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: From τρεῖς (treis, “three”) and a suffix related to -κοντα (-konta, “-ty”), indicating multiples of ten. It is cognate with Latin triginta and English thirty.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EH-khoo

Translations: have, hold, possess, keep, be able, be in a certain state

Notes: ἘΧΟΥ is an inflected form of the verb ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It can also mean 'to possess', 'to keep', or 'to be able'. It is used to indicate possession, a state of being, or an ability. For example, it can be used in phrases like 'they have' or 'you (plural) have'.

Inflection: Second Person Plural, Present, Active, Imperative; or, Third Person Plural, Present, Active, Indicative (alternative spelling of ἘΧΟΥΣΙΝ); or, Second Person Plural, Present, Active, Subjunctive (alternative spelling of ἘΧΗΤΕ)

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΚΕΚΤΗΜΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ- ('to hold, to have').

G0749

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ar-khee-eh-REH-ohs

Translations: (of) high priest, (of) chief priest

Notes: This is a compound noun, meaning 'high priest' or 'chief priest'. It refers to the principal priest, often the head of the priestly order, who held significant religious and sometimes political authority. It is used to indicate possession or origin, such as 'belonging to the high priest' or 'from the high priest'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΙΕΡΕΥΣ, ΠΡΩΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἀρχιερεύς (archiereus) is a compound of ἀρχι- (archi-), meaning 'chief' or 'first', and ἱερεύς (hiereus), meaning 'priest'. It literally means 'chief priest'.

G3419

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: mnee-MEH-on

Translations: tomb, monument, memorial, a tomb, a monument, a memorial

Notes: This word refers to a place of remembrance, typically a tomb or a monument. It is used to designate a structure or site that serves to commemorate a person or event, often associated with burial or a significant historical occurrence. It can be used in sentences to refer to a burial place or a commemorative structure.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΤΑΦΟΣ, ΜΝΗΜΑ, ΜΝΗΜΟΣΥΝΟΝ

Etymology: From μνᾶσθαι (mnasthai), meaning 'to remember'. It refers to something that serves as a reminder or memorial.

G4317

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: pros-ah-go-MEH-non

Translations: of those approaching, of those being brought near, of those being led to, of those being presented

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'προσάγω' (prosago), meaning 'to bring to', 'to lead to', 'to approach', or 'to present'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action in relation to another part of the sentence. In this form, it refers to multiple individuals who are either approaching something or being brought/led/presented to something.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter, Present, Middle or Passive

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΑΡΕΧΩ, ΠΑΡΙΣΤΗΜΙ

G5262

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: hoo-po-ROO-xass

Translations: having dug under, having undermined, having tunneled

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having dug under' or 'having undermined'. It describes an action completed in the past, often indicating the means or circumstance by which something else happened. It implies digging from below or secretly, often with the intent to weaken or collapse something.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΟΡΥΣΣΩ, ΔΙΟΡΥΣΣΩ

Etymology: The word ὙΠΟΡΥΣΣΩ (hyporyssō) is a compound word formed from the preposition ὙΠΟ (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'below', and the verb ΟΡΥΣΣΩ (oryssō), meaning 'to dig'.

G2532, G1223

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Participle

Sounds like: kahee-dee-ah-lah-BOHN

Translations: and having taken, and having divided, and having grasped, and having distributed

Notes: This is a compound word formed by the conjunction 'and' (ΚΑΙ) and the aorist active participle of the verb 'διαλαμβάνω' (dialambanō). The verb 'διαλαμβάνω' means to take apart, divide, distribute, or grasp. As a participle, 'ΚΑΙΔΙΑΛΑΒΩΝ' describes an action that has already occurred, often indicating a preceding or concurrent action to the main verb in a sentence. It would be used to say 'and having taken apart...' or 'and having divided...'.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative, Aorist Active Participle

G5261

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: hoo-po-NO-moos

Translations: underground passages, mines, tunnels, sewers

Notes: This word refers to underground passages, such as mines, tunnels, or sewers. It is a compound word formed from 'ὑπό' (hypo), meaning 'under', and 'νομός' (nomos), meaning 'a dwelling place' or 'a division'. In ancient contexts, it often referred to military tunnels used for siege warfare or to secret passages. It is used here in the accusative plural, indicating the direct object of an action.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΡΥΓΜΑΤΑ, ΣΗΡΑΓΓΕΣ

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-nah-krem-NEE-sin

Translations: a precipice, a steep place, a cliff, a steep descent

Notes: This word refers to a steep place, a precipice, or a cliff. It describes a sudden and sharp decline in terrain, often implying danger or difficulty in passage. It is a compound word formed from 'ἀνά' (ana, meaning 'up' or 'back') and 'κρημνός' (kremnos, meaning 'overhanging cliff' or 'precipice').

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΡΗΜΝΟΣ, ΒΑΡΑΘΡΟΝ, ΚΑΤΑΒΑΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΝΑΚΡΗΜΝΗΣΙΣ is derived from the preposition ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'back', and the noun κρημνός (kremnos), meaning 'overhanging cliff' or 'precipice'. The suffix -σις forms nouns of action or state.

G1722, G5548

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: dee-ah-keh-KHRI-smeh-neen

Translations: anointed, smeared, rubbed, daubed

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been anointed' or 'having been smeared'. It describes something that has had a substance rubbed or spread over its surface, often with the implication of anointing for a specific purpose, but it can also simply mean to rub or smear something thoroughly. It is a compound word formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'thoroughly', and the verb χρίω (chrio), meaning 'to anoint' or 'to smear'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine, Perfect Passive Participle

Etymology: The word is a compound of διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'thoroughly', and χρίω (chrio), meaning 'to anoint' or 'to smear'. The verb χρίω comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to rub' or 'to smear'.

G1533

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eis-KO-mee-sas

Translations: bringing in, having brought in, carrying in, having carried in

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb meaning 'to bring in' or 'to carry in'. It describes an action that has already been completed by the subject, indicating that they have performed the act of bringing or carrying something into a place. It can be used to describe someone who has just entered with something, or who has finished the action of transporting an item inside.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative Masculine Singular

Synonyms: ΕΙΣΑΓΩ, ΕΙΣΦΕΡΩ

G1747

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: en-EE-ay-see

Translations: he puts in, he throws in, he inserts, he injects, he inspires

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἐν (en, meaning 'in') and the verb ἵημι (hiēmi, meaning 'to send, throw'). It means to put or throw something into something else, to insert, or to inject. It can also be used metaphorically to mean to inspire or instill something into someone.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΕΜΒΑΛΛΩ, ΕΙΣΦΕΡΩ

Etymology: From the preposition ἐν (en, 'in') and the verb ἵημι (hiēmi, 'to send, throw').

G5261

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: hoo-po-KAH-en-tone

Translations: of those being burned underneath, of those being set on fire underneath, of those being ignited underneath

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ὑποκαίω' (hypokaiō), meaning 'to burn underneath' or 'to set on fire underneath'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that is happening or has happened. It is a compound word formed from 'ὑπό' (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'underneath', and 'καίω' (kaiō), meaning 'to burn'. It refers to something or someone that is being burned from below.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter, Aorist Passive Participle

Synonyms: ΚΑΙΟΜΕΝΩΝ, ΠΥΡΦΟΡΟΥΜΕΝΩΝ

Etymology: The verb 'ὑποκαίω' (hypokaiō) is a compound of the preposition 'ὑπό' (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'underneath', and the verb 'καίω' (kaiō), meaning 'to burn'. 'Καίω' itself comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to burn' or 'to shine'.

G3588, G3739, G2228

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G1363

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: dee-OH-roox

Translations: ditch, canal, trench, a ditch, a canal, a trench

Notes: This word refers to a ditch, canal, or trench, typically an artificial channel dug in the ground for water or for defensive purposes. It is a compound word formed from 'διά' (dia), meaning 'through', and 'ὀρύσσω' (oryssō), meaning 'to dig'. It can be used to describe any excavated channel.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΤΑΦΡΟΣ, ΟΡΥΓΜΑ

Etymology: The word ΔΙΩΡΥΞ is a compound of the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and the verb ὀρύσσω (oryssō), meaning 'to dig'. It literally means 'a digging through'.

G1325

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-NEH-doh-ken

Translations: gave, he gave, she gave, it gave, yielded, he yielded, she yielded, it yielded, granted, he granted, she granted, it granted

Notes: This is an inflected form of the verb 'δίδωμι' (didomi), meaning 'to give', 'to grant', or 'to yield'. In this form, it describes an action that was completed in the past by a singular subject (he, she, or it). It can be used in various contexts to indicate the act of bestowing something, allowing something to happen, or surrendering.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΔΩΡΕΩ, ΠΑΡΕΧΩ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΜΙ

G0177

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-THROH-ah

Translations: sudden, a sudden, all at once, together, in a mass

Notes: This word describes something that happens suddenly or unexpectedly, or something that is gathered together in a mass or all at once. It can be used to describe an event that occurs without warning, or a group of things that come together simultaneously.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Vocative or Accusative, Feminine; or Plural, Nominative or Vocative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΙΦΝΙΔΙΟΣ, ΕΞΑΙΦΝΗΣ

Etymology: From a- (intensive prefix) and throos (a noise, a crowd). It originally referred to a confused noise or a crowd, evolving to mean 'all together' or 'sudden'.

G2532, G3326

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: kahee-MEH-tah

Translations: and with, and after, and among

Notes: This word is a compound of two common Koine Greek words: 'καί' (kai), meaning 'and', and 'μετά' (meta), meaning 'with', 'after', or 'among'. It is not a single, inflected word but rather a common phrase written together, likely due to a scribal practice or a specific textual tradition. It functions to connect two clauses or phrases, indicating accompaniment, sequence, or position.

Inflection: Does not inflect (compound of two uninflected words)

Etymology: ΚΑΙ (kai) is from Proto-Indo-European. ΜΕΤΑ (meta) is from Proto-Indo-European.

G3173

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: MEH-giss-too

Translations: (of) greatest, (of) biggest, (of) largest, (of) most important

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the superlative adjective 'μέγιστος' (megistos), meaning 'greatest' or 'biggest'. It is used to describe something that is supreme in size, importance, or degree. In a sentence, it would typically modify a noun, indicating that the noun possesses the quality of greatness to the highest extent, often translated with 'of the greatest' or 'of the biggest'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Superlative

Synonyms: ΜΕΓΑΛΟΥ, ΥΨΙΣΤΟΥ, ΚΡΑΤΙΣΤΟΥ

G2667

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-teh-SEE-sthee

Translations: was shaken down, was overthrown, was made to fall, was made to collapse

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb σείω (seiō), meaning 'to shake'. Therefore, it means 'to shake down', 'to overthrow', or 'to cause to collapse'. It describes an action where something is violently moved or brought down from its position, often implying destruction or ruin. It is used to describe events like earthquakes, the collapse of structures, or the violent shaking of objects.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΣΕΙΩ, ΚΑΤΑΠΙΠΤΩ, ΚΑΤΑΒΑΛΛΩ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΑΣΕΙΩ (kataseiō) is a compound verb derived from the prefix κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb σείω (seiō), meaning 'to shake'. The prefix intensifies the action of shaking, emphasizing a downward or destructive motion.

G4413

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: PRO-ton

Translations: first, foremost, chief, principal, a first thing, before, at the first, in the first place

Notes: This word means 'first' in terms of order, time, importance, or rank. As an adjective, it describes something as being the first of its kind or in a sequence. As an adverb, it indicates something happening initially or in the first instance. It can also refer to the chief or most important person or thing.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΗ, ΠΡΩΤΙΣΤΟΣ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'πρῶτος' (prōtos) is a superlative form derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pro- meaning 'forward, before'. It is related to the Greek preposition 'πρό' (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of'.

G2868

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: koh-nee-OR-too

Translations: of dust, of a cloud of dust, of dirt

Notes: This word refers to dust or a cloud of dust. It is often used to describe the fine particles of earth or other matter that are easily carried by the wind or stirred up from the ground. It can also refer to the dirt or grime that accumulates on surfaces.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΟΝΙΣ, ΧΟΥΣ

Etymology: The word ΚΟΝΙΟΡΤΟΣ is a compound word derived from κόνις (konis), meaning 'dust', and ὄρνυμι (ornymi), meaning 'to rouse' or 'to stir up'. Thus, it literally means 'stirred-up dust' or 'rising dust'.

G1453

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ay-GAY-reh-toh

Translations: was being raised, was being awakened, was being stirred up, was rising, was awakening, was stirring up

Notes: This is the third person singular imperfect indicative form of the verb 'ἐγείρω' (egeiro). It describes an action that was ongoing or repeated in the past. In the middle voice, it means 'to rise' or 'to awaken oneself', while in the passive voice, it means 'to be raised' or 'to be awakened'. It can refer to physical rising, awakening from sleep, or being stirred up in a metaphorical sense, such as a war or a cry being raised.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ἈΝΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ἘΞΕΓΕΙΡΩ

G0899

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: bah-THOOS

Translations: deep, a deep, profound, a profound, high, a high

Notes: This word describes something that extends far downward from a surface, or far inward from a boundary. It can refer to physical depth, such as a deep well or a deep sea. It can also be used metaphorically to describe something profound, intense, or abundant, such as deep wisdom, profound sleep, or great wealth. In some contexts, it can even refer to height, especially when describing something that rises high, like a high wall or a high mountain.

Inflection: Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΒΑΘΟΣ, ΒΑΘΥΝΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰeh₂dʰ- (deep). It is related to words meaning 'bottom' or 'depth' in various Indo-European languages.

G4155, G3588

Part of Speech: Participle, Article

Sounds like: pnee-go-MEH-noo-TOH

Translations: choking, being choked, stifling, being stifled, drowning, being drowned, to the choking, to the being choked, to the stifling, to the being stifled, to the drowning, to the being drowned

Notes: This word is a compound of the present middle/passive participle of the verb 'πνίγω' (pnigō), meaning 'to choke, stifle, or drown,' and the dative singular masculine or neuter definite article 'τῷ' (tō), meaning 'to the' or 'for the'. It describes something that is in the process of being choked, stifled, or drowned, and indicates the indirect object or means by which something occurs. It is likely a misspelling or a very close transcription of 'πνιγομένῳ τῷ'.

Inflection: Participle: Present, Middle/Passive, Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter; Article: Dative, Singular, Masculine or Neuter

G4442

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PY-ros

Translations: of fire, fire, a fire

Notes: This word refers to fire, a fundamental element. It can be used literally to describe a burning flame or figuratively to represent judgment, purification, or divine presence. As a noun, it functions as the subject or object in a sentence, or in this genitive form, it indicates possession or origin.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΦΛΟΞ, ΚΑΥΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word 'πῦρ' (pyr) comes from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂wr̥, meaning 'fire'. It is a very ancient word found across many Indo-European languages.

G2346

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: thlee-BOO-sees

Translations: (of) pressing, (of) afflicting, (of) oppressing, (of) crushing, (of) troubling

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'thlibo'. It describes an action of pressing, afflicting, or causing distress. It can be used to describe something that is causing pressure or trouble, often in a metaphorical sense of tribulation or persecution. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, or like an adverb, describing how an action is performed.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΣΤΕΝΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ΠΙΕΖΩ, ΣΥΝΕΧΩ

Etymology: The word 'thlibo' comes from an ancient root meaning 'to press' or 'to squeeze'. It is related to the idea of narrowness or constriction.

G5207

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: HOO-lays

Translations: of wood, of forest, of material, of matter, a forest, a wood, a material, a matter

Notes: This word refers to wood, a forest, or more broadly, to material or matter. It can be used to describe the substance from which something is made, or a collection of trees. In a philosophical context, it can refer to the raw material of the universe.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΕΝΔΡΟΝ, ΞΥΛΟΝ, ΥΠΟΚΕΙΜΕΝΟΝ

Etymology: The word ὕλη (hylē) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It originally referred to a forest or wood, and later extended to mean 'material' or 'matter' in a more general sense, especially in philosophical contexts.

G1278, G2235

Part of Speech: Verb, Adverb

Sounds like: dee-ah-bee-BROH-skoh-MEH-nays AY-day

Translations: being eaten through, being consumed, being corroded, already, by this time, now

Notes: This appears to be a concatenation of two separate Koine Greek words: the participle ΔΙΑΒΙΒΡΩΣΚΟΜΕΝΗΣ and the adverb ἨΔΗ. ΔΙΑΒΙΒΡΩΣΚΟΜΕΝΗΣ is a form of the verb διαβιβρώσκω, meaning 'to eat through, consume, corrode'. ἨΔΗ means 'already' or 'by this time'. The combined form suggests a phrase like 'already being consumed' or 'being eaten through by now'. It is highly probable that these words were written together without a space due to a scribal error or a specific ancient writing convention (scriptio continua) where words were not separated by spaces.

Inflection: ΔΙΑΒΙΒΡΩΣΚΟΜΕΝΗΣ: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Singular, Genitive, Feminine. ἨΔΗ: Does not inflect.

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΒΙΒΡΩΣΚΩ, ΦΑΓΩ, ΤΡΩΓΩ

G5319

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: fah-neh-RAH

Translations: manifest, evident, visible, clear, plain, open, openly, clearly, plainly

Notes: This word describes something that is visible, clear, or openly displayed. As an adjective, it can describe a noun, indicating that the noun is manifest or evident. As an adverb, it describes an action, indicating that something is done openly or clearly. It can refer to things that are revealed or brought into the light, often in contrast to things that are hidden or secret.

Inflection: Neuter Plural (Nominative, Accusative, Vocative) or Feminine Singular (Nominative, Vocative)

Synonyms: ΔΗΛΟΣ, ΕΜΦΑΝΗΣ, ΠΡΟΔΗΛΟΣ

G4486

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: er-RAYG-noo-toh

Translations: was being broken, was being torn, was being burst, was being rent, was being shattered

Notes: This word is the imperfect passive indicative form of the verb 'ῥήγνυμι' (rhēgnymi). It describes an action that was continuously happening or in progress in the past, specifically something being broken, torn, or burst apart by an external force. It implies a state of being rent or shattered.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Imperfect, Indicative, Passive

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΡΡΗΓΝΥΜΙ, ΣΧΙΖΩ

Etymology: The word ῥήγνυμι (rhēgnymi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *wreg- meaning 'to break, to tear'.

G1611

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: EK-plek-sis

Translations: astonishment, amazement, wonder, a shock, an astonishment, an amazement, a wonder, a shock

Notes: This word refers to a state of being struck with astonishment, amazement, or wonder, often due to something unexpected, overwhelming, or awe-inspiring. It can also denote a sudden shock or terror. It is typically used to describe a strong emotional reaction to an event or revelation.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΘΑΜΒΟΣ, ΕΚΣΤΑΣΙΣ, ΚΑΤΑΠΛΗΞΙΣ

Etymology: From the verb ἐκπλήσσω (ekplēssō), meaning 'to strike out, to strike with panic, to astonish', which is formed from ἐκ (ek, 'out of') and πλήσσω (plēssō, 'to strike').

G4314, G3588

Part of Speech: Preposition, Article

Sounds like: PROS-toh

Translations: to, toward, with, for, against, a, the

Notes: This word is a compound of the preposition ΠΡΟΣ (pros) and the definite article ΤΟ (to). The preposition ΠΡΟΣ generally indicates direction 'to' or 'toward', association 'with', or purpose 'for'. It can also mean 'against' when referring to opposition. The article ΤΟ is the neuter singular nominative or accusative form of 'the', and can also function as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'this' or 'that'. When combined, ΠΡΟΣΤΟ typically means 'to the' or 'toward the' (neuter singular object), or 'against the'.

Inflection: Preposition, Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ahee-FNEE-dee-on

Translations: sudden, unexpected, unforeseen, a sudden thing, something sudden

Notes: This word is an adjective used to describe something that happens suddenly or unexpectedly. It implies an event or situation that occurs without warning, taking one by surprise. It can be used to describe a sudden attack, a sudden change, or any unforeseen occurrence.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΠΡΟΣΔΟΚΗΤΟΣ, ΑΠΡΟΣΟΡΑΤΟΣ

Etymology: This word is derived from the Greek prefix 'αἰ-' (ai-), meaning 'suddenly' or 'unexpectedly', combined with a root related to 'φανός' (phanos), meaning 'appearing' or 'shining'. Thus, it refers to something that appears suddenly or without warning.

G123

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-thoo-MEE-ah

Translations: despondency, discouragement, faint-heartedness, a despondency, a discouragement, a faint-heartedness

Notes: This word refers to a state of being disheartened, discouraged, or faint-hearted. It describes a lack of courage or spirit, often leading to sadness or despair. It is a compound word formed from the negative prefix 'α-' (a-, meaning 'not' or 'without') and 'θυμός' (thymos, meaning 'spirit' or 'courage'). It can be used to describe a general feeling of dejection or a specific instance of losing heart.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΛΥΠΗ, ΑΠΟΓΝΩΣΙΣ, ΑΘΥΜΟΣΥΝΗ

Etymology: The word ἈΘΥΜΙΑ is derived from the Greek negative prefix 'α-' (a-, meaning 'not' or 'without') and 'θυμός' (thymos), which refers to the spirit, courage, or passion. Thus, it literally means 'without spirit' or 'lack of courage'.

G1706

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: em-PIP-tee

Translations: he/she/it falls into, he/she/it falls upon, he/she/it happens upon, he/she/it encounters, he/she/it falls among, he/she/it rushes upon

Notes: This word means to fall into, fall upon, or happen upon something or someone. It implies an unexpected or sudden encounter, often with negative consequences, such as falling into a trap or danger. It can also mean to rush upon or attack. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ἘΝ (in, into) and the verb ΠΙΠΤΩ (to fall).

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΠΙΠΤΩ, ΣΥΜΠΙΠΤΩ, ΠΡΟΣΠΙΠΤΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΜΠΙΠΤΩ is a compound of the preposition ἘΝ (en), meaning 'in' or 'into', and the verb ΠΙΠΤΩ (piptō), meaning 'to fall'. Its etymology traces back to Proto-Indo-European roots related to falling or dropping.

G2902, G3633

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: krah-TAY-seen-oy-OH-meh-noys

Translations: thinking to prevail, believing they will rule, supposing they will conquer

Notes: This is a compound word, likely a combination of the future infinitive of κρατέω (krateō), meaning 'to prevail' or 'to rule', and the dative plural masculine/neuter present participle of οἴομαι (oiomai), meaning 'to think' or 'to suppose'. The combined meaning suggests 'those who think they will prevail' or 'those who believe they will rule'. It describes a group of people who are confident in their ability to conquer or dominate.

Inflection: Present Participle, Dative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

G3195

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: MEL-lon

Translations: about to, going to, destined to, future, that which is about to be, the future

Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb 'μέλλω', meaning 'to be about to' or 'to be destined to'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, describing something that is imminent or will happen in the future. It can refer to a future event or a person/thing that is on the verge of doing something or experiencing something.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

G5594

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-SYOO-xeh

Translations: cooled, chilled, quenched, grew cold, lost heart, became disheartened

Notes: This word means to cool, chill, or make cold. It can be used literally, such as to cool something down. Metaphorically, it can mean to grow cold in one's affections or zeal, or to lose heart and become disheartened. In the provided examples, it seems to be used in the sense of cooling or quenching something, or perhaps causing a loss of enthusiasm.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΚΡΥΩ, ΨΥΧΡΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: The word ΨΥΧΩ comes from the Greek word ψυχή (psychē), meaning 'breath' or 'soul', which is related to the concept of breathing and thus cooling or chilling.

G0297

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-MOO-nayn

Translations: to ward off, to defend, to help, to avenge, to assist, to repel, to keep off

Notes: This word means to ward off, defend, or help. It can be used in various contexts where one is protecting someone or something from harm, or providing assistance. It can also carry the sense of avenging or retaliating against an aggressor.

Inflection: Present Active Infinitive

Synonyms: ΒΟΗΘΕΩ, ἈΛΕΞΩ, ΤΙΜΩΡΕΩ

Etymology: The word ἈΜΥΝΩ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to push, to strike'. It is related to words signifying defense and protection.

G2666

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: kah-tah-poh-THEN-tohn

Translations: of those who were swallowed up, of those who were devoured

Notes: This word is a compound participle, formed from the verb καταπίνω (katapinō), meaning 'to swallow down' or 'to devour'. It describes an action that has been completed in the past and is in the passive voice, meaning the subjects are the ones being swallowed or devoured. As a genitive plural, it typically functions to show possession or relationship, often translated as 'of those who were swallowed up' or 'of those who were devoured'.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΣΠΑΣΘΕΝΤΩΝ, ΚΑΤΕΔΕΣΘΕΝΤΩΝ

G2007

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-pee-TITH-en-tai

Translations: they attack, they lay upon, they put upon, they impose, they inflict

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to lay upon,' 'to put upon,' 'to impose,' or 'to inflict.' It often carries the sense of attacking or assaulting someone or something. It can be used to describe physically placing something on another object or person, or metaphorically, such as imposing a burden or inflicting a punishment. In the provided context, it is used to describe an attack.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΒΑΛΛΩ, ΕΦΟΔΕΥΩ, ΕΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

G5561

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kho-MA-see-noy

Translations: mound-builders, people of the mounds, those who build mounds, those who use mounds

Notes: This word refers to people associated with mounds or earthworks. It is a compound word derived from 'χῶμα' (chōma), meaning 'mound' or 'earthwork', and a suffix indicating a group or people. It describes those who build, inhabit, or are otherwise connected to such structures. In the provided context, it likely refers to a group of people who are known for or are using siege mounds or fortifications.

Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Nominative

G4314

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: pros-ah-GAH-gon-tes

Translations: bringing to, leading to, bringing forward, presenting, approaching, drawing near

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having brought to' or 'having led to'. It describes an action that has been completed before the main verb's action. It is often used to describe the act of bringing someone or something into the presence of another, or causing something to approach or be presented.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Synonyms: ΑΓΩ, ΦΕΡΩ, ΕΓΓΙΖΩ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΣΑΓΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΠΡΟΣ (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and the verb ΑΓΩ (ago), meaning 'to lead' or 'to bring'.

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOW-tay

Translations: of this, to this, by this, with this, this

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the demonstrative pronoun 'οὗτος' (houtos), meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something specific that is near the speaker or has just been mentioned. As a feminine singular form, it can function as either a genitive case, indicating possession or origin (e.g., 'of this woman'), or a dative case, indicating indirect object or means (e.g., 'to this woman' or 'by means of this'). Its precise meaning depends on the context and the preposition it might be used with.

Inflection: Feminine, Singular, Genitive or Dative

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΗ, ΕΚΕΙΝΗ

Etymology: The word 'οὗτος' (houtos), from which 'ταύτῃ' is derived, is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek. It is believed to have originated from a combination of the definite article and a pronominal stem, indicating proximity or reference to something previously mentioned.

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: eh-leh-POH-leess

Translations: siege towers, war engines, battering rams

Notes: An 'helepolis' was a massive, mobile siege tower used in ancient warfare, particularly by the Greeks and Romans. These structures were designed to protect soldiers while they approached enemy fortifications, allowing them to breach walls or engage defenders from a height. The word 'ΕΛΕΠΟΛΕΙΣ' is the plural form, referring to multiple such war machines.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative

Etymology: The word 'helepolis' is a compound word derived from the Greek 'ἑλεῖν' (helein), meaning 'to take' or 'to capture', and 'πόλις' (polis), meaning 'city'. Thus, it literally means 'city-taker' or 'city-capturer', reflecting its purpose in siege warfare.

G1293

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-eh-SEH-ee-on

Translations: shook, was shaking, was extorting, extorted

Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative, third person singular of the verb διασείω (diaseiō). It is a compound word formed from διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and σείω (seiō), meaning 'to shake'. The verb generally means 'to shake thoroughly' or 'to shake violently'. In a figurative sense, it can mean 'to extort' or 'to intimidate', often by shaking down or threatening someone for money or goods. It describes an action that was ongoing or repeated in the past.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΣΕΙΩ, ΕΚΤΙΝΑΣΣΩ

Etymology: The word διασείω (diaseiō) is formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and the verb σείω (seiō), meaning 'to shake'. The combination implies a thorough or violent shaking.

G0937

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: bah-see-lee-KOHN

Translations: of royal things, of royal possessions, of the king's possessions, of the royal treasury, of the king's property

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'βασιλικός', meaning 'royal' or 'belonging to a king'. It describes something as pertaining to a king, a kingdom, or royalty. In this inflected form, it typically refers to things that are royal or belong to the king, such as royal property, royal funds, or royal family members, often implying possession or origin.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΑΣ

Etymology: The word 'βασιλικός' (basilikos) is derived from 'βασιλεύς' (basileus), meaning 'king'. It refers to anything pertaining to a king or kingdom.

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: meth

Translations: with, after, among, by, in company with

Notes: This is an elided form of the preposition 'μετά' (meta), which means 'with' or 'after'. The final alpha (α) is dropped when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark (indicated by the 'θ' which is the first letter of the following word in the examples, 'θύμου'). It indicates association, accompaniment, or sequence in time or order. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'after' or 'behind'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition, but this is an elided form)

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- (among, with, in the middle of).

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ah-dee-ah-BEE-nos

Translations: Adiabenus

Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to Adiabenus, a historical region in ancient Mesopotamia, located between the Tigris and Zab rivers. It was a province of the Neo-Assyrian Empire and later part of the Parthian and Sasanian Empires. It can also refer to a person from this region, or a personal name derived from the region.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name 'Adiabenus' is derived from the Syriac 'Ḥadyab', which was the name of the capital city of the region, modern-day Erbil.

G5207

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: HUI-os

Translations: son, a son

Notes: This word refers to a male offspring, a son. It is a masculine noun and is commonly used to denote a direct descendant or, in a broader sense, someone who shares a close relationship or characteristic with another, such as 'sons of God' or 'sons of disobedience'. It can also refer to a young man or a male child.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΤΕΚΝΟΝ, ΠΑΙΣ

Etymology: From an unused root, probably meaning 'to beget'. It is related to the concept of generation and lineage.

G3686

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: too-NO-mah

Translations: the name, a name

Notes: This word is a crasis (a contraction of two words into one) of the definite article "τὸ" (to, meaning 'the') and the noun "ὄνομα" (onoma, meaning 'name'). It means "the name" and functions as a singular, neuter noun, typically in the nominative or accusative case. It is used to refer to a specific name or reputation.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter (crasis of the definite article and noun)

Etymology: The word ὄνομα (onoma) comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words for 'name' in many other Indo-European languages.

G2564, G575

Part of Speech: Verb, Preposition

Sounds like: klee-THEY-sah AH-poh

Translations: having been called from, named from, called away from

Notes: This appears to be a compound phrase, likely a misspelling or transcription error of "ΚΛΗΘΕΙΣΑ ΑΠΟ" (klētheisa apo). "ΚΛΗΘΕΙΣΑ" is the feminine singular nominative or accusative aorist passive participle of the verb "καλέω" (kaleō), meaning "to call, invite, name." "ΑΠΟ" (apo) is a preposition meaning "from" or "away from." Therefore, the phrase would mean "having been called from" or "named from." The apostrophe suggests an elision, but it is not a standard elision in Koine Greek between these two words, indicating a probable transcription error.

Inflection: Participle (Aorist Passive, Feminine, Singular, Nominative or Accusative), Preposition (Does not inflect)

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ah-GHEE-ras

Translations: Agiras

Notes: This word appears to be a proper noun, likely a personal name or a place name. It is not a common word found in standard Koine Greek lexicons. Given the context of the example usage, it seems to refer to a person, possibly a servant or an individual associated with the royal household.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative

Etymology: The etymology of 'ἈΓΙΡΑΣ' is unknown, as it does not appear to be a standard Greek word. It might be a transliteration of a foreign name or a unique proper noun.

G3754

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-per

Translations: the very thing which, which, whatsoever, as, just as

Notes: ΟΠΕΡ is an intensive relative pronoun, meaning 'the very thing which' or 'whatsoever'. It is used to emphasize the preceding noun or idea, often functioning as a stronger form of 'which' or 'what'. It can introduce a clause that specifies or elaborates on something already mentioned, or it can indicate a cause or reason.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: Ο, ΟΣ, ΟΣΠΕΡ

Etymology: ΟΠΕΡ is a compound word formed from the relative pronoun ὅ (ho), meaning 'who, which, what', and the enclitic particle περ (per), which adds emphasis or intensity, often translated as 'just, even, indeed'.

G5560

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: KHO-los

Translations: lame, crippled, a lame person, a crippled person

Notes: This word describes someone who is lame or crippled, unable to walk properly due to a physical impairment. It can be used to refer to a person who is lame, or to describe a characteristic of someone. For example, it might be used in a sentence like 'The man was lame' or 'He was a lame man'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΥΛΛΟΣ, ΑΝΑΠΗΡΟΣ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be of pre-Greek origin.

G0726

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: har-PAH-san-tes

Translations: having seized, having snatched, having plundered, having carried off, having taken away by force

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having seized' or 'having snatched'. It describes an action that has been completed by the subject before the main verb's action. It implies a sudden, forceful, or violent taking or carrying away of something or someone.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΡΠΑΖΩ, ΔΙΑΡΠΑΖΩ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

Etymology: The word ἁρπάζω (harpazō) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It is related to the Latin word 'rapio' (to seize, snatch).

G4311

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pro-ep-ay-DEH-san

Translations: they leaped forward, they sprang forward

Notes: This is a compound verb meaning 'to leap forward' or 'to spring forward'. It describes an action of moving suddenly and with force in a forward direction. It is used to indicate a quick, impulsive, or eager movement.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΚΠΗΔΑΩ, ΑΝΑΠΗΔΑΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ΠΡΟ (pro), meaning 'before' or 'forward', and the verb ΠΗΔΑΩ (pēdaō), meaning 'to leap' or 'to spring'. The prefix ΕΠΙ (epi) is often used to intensify the action or indicate movement 'upon' or 'to'.

G3180

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: mee-kha-NAS

Translations: machines, devices, contrivances, schemes, plots

Notes: This word refers to a machine, device, or contrivance, often one used for a specific purpose, such as a military engine or a tool. It can also refer to a clever plan, scheme, or plot, especially one designed to achieve a particular outcome, whether good or bad. In a sentence, it would function as the object of a verb or preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΝΟΙΑ, ΤΕΧΝΗ, ΒΟΥΛΗ

Etymology: The word ΜΗΧΑΝΗ (mēchanē) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *magh- meaning 'to be able, have power'. It is related to words signifying ability, means, or contrivance.

G3777, G5113

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adjective

Sounds like: OO-teh-tol-may-ROH-teh-roy

Translations: neither bolder, nor more daring, neither more audacious

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the conjunction 'οὔτε' (neither, nor) and the comparative adjective 'τολμηρότεροι' (bolder, more daring). It is used to express a negative comparison, meaning 'neither bolder' or 'nor more daring'. It functions as a predicate adjective in a sentence, describing a plural subject that is neither one quality nor another.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine or Feminine, Comparative Degree

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΔΕΝ, ΘΡΑΣΥΤΕΡΟΙ

G3588, G1211

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TON-deh

Translations: this, this one, the one here

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'this' or 'this one'. It is a compound word formed from the accusative masculine singular definite article 'τόν' (the) and the enclitic particle '-δε' (here, this). It is used to point out something specific that is near or present, often emphasizing its proximity or immediate relevance. It functions similarly to 'this' in English, indicating a specific item or person.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΥΤΟΣ, ΟΔΕ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the definite article 'ὁ' (ho), which comes from a Proto-Indo-European root, and the enclitic particle '-δε' (de), which is related to demonstrative adverbs and pronouns.

G5316, G3777

Part of Speech: Verb, Conjunction

Sounds like: eh-fah-NEE-sah-NOO-teh

Translations: they appeared nor, they were seen nor, they became visible nor

Notes: This is a compound word formed by the verb 'ἘΦΑΝΗΣΑΝ' (ephanēsan) and the conjunction 'ΟΥ̓ΤΕ' (oute). 'ἘΦΑΝΗΣΑΝ' means 'they appeared' or 'they were seen', indicating that something became visible or came into existence. 'ΟΥ̓ΤΕ' means 'nor' or 'and not', used to connect two negative clauses or phrases. Together, 'ἘΦΑΝΗΣΑΝΟΥ̓ΤΕ' means 'they appeared nor' or 'they were seen nor', implying that a group of people or things did not appear or were not seen, often followed by another negative clause.

Inflection: ἘΦΑΝΗΣΑΝ: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Plural; ΟΥ̓ΤΕ: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΟΡΑΩ

G2509

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: ka-THA-per

Translations: just as, even as, as, according as

Notes: This word is a compound adverb and conjunction meaning 'just as' or 'even as'. It is used to introduce a comparison, indicating that something is done in the same way or to the same extent as something else. It functions similarly to 'like' or 'as' in English, setting up a parallel between two actions or states.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΟ

Etymology: ΚΑΘΑΠΕΡ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (kata), meaning 'down, according to', and the particle ΠΕΡ (per), which emphasizes the preceding word. It literally means 'down just as' or 'exactly according to'.

G5384

Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: fee-LOOS

Translations: friends, beloved ones, dear ones, beloved, dear

Notes: This word can function as a noun meaning 'friend' or 'beloved one', or as an adjective meaning 'dear' or 'beloved'. It is used to refer to individuals or groups who are cherished, loved, or closely associated with someone. In the provided examples, it consistently refers to 'friends' or 'beloved ones' in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of an action.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΤΑΙΡΟΣ, ΣΥΝΕΡΓΟΣ

G1607

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ek-TREH-khon-tes

Translations: running out, rushing out, sallying forth, making a raid, running away

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from 'ἐκ' (out of, from) and 'τρέχω' (to run). It describes the action of running out from a place, often with a sense of urgency, purpose, or aggression, such as rushing forth, sallying out, or making a raid. It can also imply running away or escaping.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΚΔΡΑΜΩΝ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΡΑΣΚΩ, ΕΚΦΕΥΓΩ

Etymology: The word ἐκτρέχω (ektredchō) is a compound of the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb τρέχω (trechō), meaning 'to run'. The verb τρέχω itself comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to run'.

G0868

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-pes-TAY-san

Translations: they departed, they withdrew, they stood away, they revolted, they fell away

Notes: This word is the third person plural aorist active indicative form of the verb meaning 'to stand off from', 'to depart', 'to withdraw', or 'to revolt'. It describes an action of separation or defection that occurred in the past. It can be used to describe physical departure or a spiritual or political falling away.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ἈΝΑΧΩΡΕΩ, ἈΠΟΔΙΔΡΑΣΚΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀπό (apo, "from") and ἵστημι (histēmi, "to stand"), literally meaning "to stand from" or "to stand off".

G0235

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: AL-lah

Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed

Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.

G3319

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: MEH-sone

Translations: of the middle, of the midst, of the things in the middle, of the things in between

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'ΜΕΣΟΣ' (mesos), meaning 'middle' or 'midst'. It refers to things or people that are in the middle or between other things. It is often used to describe a central position or an intermediate state. For example, it could refer to 'the things in the middle' or 'those who are in the midst'.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΝΔΙΑΜΕΣΟΣ, ΜΕΣΑΙΟΣ

G5261

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-FAP-san

Translations: they set on fire, they kindled, they burned

Notes: This word is the third person plural, aorist active indicative form of the verb ΥΦΑΠΤΩ (hyphaptō). It means 'to set on fire' or 'to kindle'. It implies setting fire to something, often from underneath or secretly. It is used to describe the action of igniting something, such as buildings or siege engines.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΕΜΠΙΠΡΗΜΙ, ΚΑΤΑΚΑΙΩ, ΠΥΡΠΟΛΕΩ

Etymology: The verb ΥΦΑΠΤΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΥΠΟ (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'from beneath', and the verb ΑΠΤΩ (haptō), meaning 'to fasten', 'to light', or 'to kindle'. Thus, it literally means 'to kindle from underneath'.

G0906

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: bal-LOH-meh-noy

Translations: being thrown, being cast, being put, being laid, being placed, being poured, being put down, being put in, being put on, being put forth, being put out, being put away

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle of the verb 'βάλλω' (ballō), meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that is happening to the subject. In the middle voice, it can imply the subject is acting upon itself or for its own benefit, while in the passive voice, it means the subject is receiving the action. It can be used in various contexts to describe something being thrown, cast, put, or placed, often with a sense of force or intention.

Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive Voice, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΡΙΠΤΩ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΕΚΒΑΛΛΩ

G2545

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: KAI-toiss

Translations: and yet, nevertheless, although, even though, and indeed, and certainly, and to them, and for them

Notes: This word is a compound of the conjunction "καί" (and, even) and the particle "τοι" (indeed, certainly). It functions as a strong adversative conjunction or adverb, meaning 'and yet' or 'nevertheless', often introducing a statement that contrasts with what has just been said. It can also be interpreted as 'and indeed' or 'and certainly', emphasizing a previous statement. In some contexts, particularly when followed by a dative plural, it can be understood as 'and to them' or 'and for them', acting as a combination of 'and' and the dative plural of the demonstrative pronoun 'οὗτος' (these/those) or the definite article 'ὁ' (the). Given the context, it most commonly functions as an adversative conjunction.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a conjunction/adverb). If interpreted as 'and to them/for them', it would be Dative, Plural, All genders.

Synonyms: ΟΜΩΣ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: The word "ΚΑΙΤΟΙ" is a compound formed from the conjunction "καί" (and, even) and the particle "τοι" (indeed, certainly).

G0447

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ah-no-THOO-meh-noy

Translations: being pushed up, being pushed back, being driven back, being driven up, being forced back, being forced up

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'anōtheō', meaning 'to push up' or 'to drive back'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that is happening to the subject. In this form, it indicates that the subject is being pushed, driven, or forced, often in an upward or backward direction, or away from something. It implies a continuous or ongoing action of being propelled or repelled.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive Voice, Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Synonyms: ΩΘΟΥΜΕΝΟΙ, ΑΠΩΘΟΥΜΕΝΟΙ

G3841

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: PAN-toh-then

Translations: from all sides, on every side, everywhere, all around

Notes: This word is an adverb indicating origin or direction from all points or in all directions. It describes something that comes from or is present on every side, encompassing a complete surrounding area. It can be used to describe a situation where something is happening or coming from all directions simultaneously.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΑΝΤΑΧΟΥ

Etymology: From the root of ΠΑΣ (all) and the suffix -θεν (from, indicating origin or direction).

G4387

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: PRO-teh-ron

Translations: before, formerly, first, earlier, a former thing, a prior thing

Notes: This word functions primarily as an adverb meaning 'before' or 'formerly' in time, indicating something that happened earlier or previously. It can also be the neuter singular form of the comparative adjective 'πρότερος', meaning 'prior' or 'former', often used substantively to refer to 'the former thing' or 'that which was before'. It is used to contrast with something that comes later.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (often used adverbially)

Synonyms: ΠΡΙΝ, ΠΑΛΑΙ, ΕΜΠΡΟΣΘΕΝ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ is a comparative form derived from the preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of'.

G2793, G5037, G2795

Part of Speech: Verb, Conjunction, Verb

Sounds like: kin-DY-noo-me-te-kee-NEE-the-san

Translations: we are in danger and they were moved, we risk and they were stirred

Notes: This appears to be a compound or concatenated phrase rather than a single word. It combines three distinct elements: 'ΚΙΝΔΥΝΟΥΜΕ' (kindynoume), which is the first person plural present active indicative of κινδυνεύω (kindyneuō), meaning 'we are in danger' or 'we risk'; 'ΤΕ' (te), a conjunction meaning 'and'; and 'ΚΙΝΗΘΗΣΑΝ' (kinēthēsan), which is the third person plural aorist passive indicative of κινέω (kineō), meaning 'they were moved' or 'they were stirred'. The phrase together would mean 'we are in danger and they were moved' or 'we risk and they were stirred'. It is highly probable that this is a transcription error or a garbled text, as these three elements are typically written as separate words in Koine Greek.

Inflection: First Person Plural, Present, Active, Indicative (for ΚΙΝΔΥΝΟΥΜΕ); Conjunction (for ΤΕ); Third Person Plural, Aorist, Passive, Indicative (for ΚΙΝΗΘΗΣΑΝ)

G2228, G3588

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Definite Article, Numeral

Sounds like: AY

Translations: or, the, 8

Notes: This word can function as a conjunction meaning 'or', indicating an alternative or choice between two or more options. It can also be the feminine nominative singular form of the definite article 'the', used to specify a feminine noun that is the subject of a sentence. The '̓' (coronis) indicates that this form is an elision, meaning it's a shortened form of a word like ἤ (e.g., when followed by a vowel). Additionally, the '̓' could be a keraia, indicating the numeral 8.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as conjunction or numeral); Singular, Nominative, Feminine (as definite article)

Etymology: The conjunction ἤ (e.g., from which Ἠ is an elision) is of uncertain origin. The definite article ἡ (from which Ἠ is an elision) comes from Proto-Indo-European. The numeral meaning is derived from the Greek letter eta (Η), which was used to represent the number 8.

G1405

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: drah-XAS-thai

Translations: to grasp, to seize, to lay hold of, to take hold of

Notes: This word means to grasp, seize, or lay hold of something, often with the hand. It implies taking a firm and secure hold. It can be used in contexts where someone is physically taking possession of an object or metaphorically seizing an opportunity.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΚΡΑΤΕΩ, ΕΠΙΛΑΜΒΑΝΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΔΡΑΣΣΟΜΑΙ (drassomai) is thought to be derived from a root meaning 'to grasp' or 'to take a handful'.

G3704

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: OR-gah-non

Translations: of an instrument, of a tool, of an organ, of a device, of a machine

Notes: This word refers to an instrument, tool, or device. It can also refer to a musical instrument or a bodily organ. In a broader sense, it can mean any means by which something is done. It is used here in the genitive case, indicating possession or relationship, often translated with 'of'.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΡΓΑΛΕΙΟΝ, ΣΚΕΥΟΣ

Etymology: The word ὄργανον (organon) comes from the verb ἔργω (ergō), meaning 'to work' or 'to do'. It originally referred to anything that works or is used for work.

G0142

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ai-RO-me-nays

Translations: being lifted, being taken up, being carried, being borne, being raised, being removed

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle of the verb 'αἴρω' (airō), meaning 'to lift, take up, carry, or remove'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that is ongoing and being done to or by the subject. In the middle voice, it could mean 'lifting oneself' or 'taking up for oneself'. In the passive voice, it means 'being lifted' or 'being taken up'. It often describes something that is in the process of being raised or removed, as seen in contexts like a flame rising or something being carried away.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine, Present, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ἈΝΑΙΡΟΥΜΕΝΗΣ, ὙΨΟΥΜΕΝΗΣ, ΦΕΡΟΜΕΝΗΣ

G4936, G0997

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-THEH-on-tes-eh-boh-THOO-oon

Translations: they were running together and helping, they were running together to help, they were running together to assist

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from two separate verbs: 'συνθέω' (syntheō), meaning 'to run together with', and 'βοηθέω' (boētheō), meaning 'to help' or 'to come to the aid of'. The word describes an action where multiple individuals are running together for the purpose of providing assistance or aid. It implies a coordinated effort to help someone or something.

Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Active, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΤΡΕΧΟΝΤΕΣ, ΕΠΙΚΟΥΡΟΥΝ

G2453

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ee-oo-DAH-ee-oy

Translations: Jews, the Jews

Notes: This word refers to the Jewish people, the inhabitants of Judea, or those who are ethnically or religiously Jewish. It is often used in the New Testament to distinguish the Jewish people from Gentiles (non-Jews).

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΒΡΑΙΟΙ, ΙΣΡΑΗΛΙΤΑΙ

Etymology: The word originates from the Hebrew word 'Yehudi' (יהודי), meaning 'of Judah' or 'from the land of Judah'. It refers to the descendants of Judah, one of the twelve sons of Jacob, and later to the inhabitants of the kingdom of Judah.

G4570, G3985

Part of Speech: Participle, Verb

Sounds like: svehn-NYOO-een-pee-ROH-meh-noys

Translations: trying to extinguish, attempting to quench, those attempting to put out

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the verb 'σβέννυμι' (to extinguish, quench) and the participle 'πειρώμενοι' (those trying or attempting). The combined word describes individuals who are in the process of attempting to extinguish or quench something. It would be used in a sentence to refer to a group of people engaged in such an action, for example, 'the ones trying to put out the fire'.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter, Present, Middle Voice

G4843

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-e-PLEH-kon-toh

Translations: they were entwined, they were interwoven, they were engaged in conflict, they were fighting, they were grappling

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the prefix συν- (syn-), meaning 'with' or 'together,' and the verb πλέκω (plekō), meaning 'to plait,' 'to weave,' or 'to entwine.' In its imperfect middle/passive form, it describes an action that was ongoing in the past, where subjects were entwined, interwoven, or engaged in a struggle or conflict with each other. It implies a reciprocal or reflexive action, often used in contexts of combat or close interaction.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΜΑΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΟΛΕΜΕΩ, ΑΓΩΝΙΖΟΜΑΙ

G3367

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: MAY-den

Translations: nothing, no one, none, not even one

Notes: This word is a negative indefinite pronoun or adjective, meaning 'nothing' or 'no one'. It is the neuter form of the word 'ΜΗΔΕΙΣ'. It is used to express absolute negation, particularly in contexts involving prohibitions, commands, or with subjunctive and optative moods, indicating that something should not happen or does not exist under certain conditions. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'do nothing' or 'let nothing happen'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΝ

Etymology: The word ΜΗΔΕΙΣ is a compound word formed from the negative particle ΜΗ (meaning 'not') and the numeral ΕΙΣ (meaning 'one'). It literally means 'not even one'.

G2398

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ee-DEE-ohn

Translations: of one's own, of private things, of peculiar things

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'ἴδιος' (idios). It refers to something that is one's own, private, or peculiar to an individual or group. It is often used to emphasize possession or a unique characteristic. For example, it can mean 'their own' or 'his own' when referring to possessions or personal matters.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΥ̓ΤΩΝ, ἙΑΥΤΩΝ

Etymology: The word ἴδιος (idios) comes from Proto-Indo-European *swe-dʰ-yo-, meaning 'one's own'. It is related to the reflexive pronoun 'self' and emphasizes personal possession or distinctiveness.

G5339

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: fay-DOH-meh-noy

Translations: sparing, showing mercy, refraining, holding back, those sparing, those showing mercy

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle of the verb 'φείδομαι'. It describes an action of sparing, showing mercy, or refraining from something. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb, indicating that the subject is performing the action of sparing or holding back.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΛΕΩ, ΟΙΚΤΕΙΡΩ

Etymology: The word φείδομαι (pheídomai) is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be related to the concept of 'sparing' or 'holding back'.

G1670

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EEL-kon

Translations: they were dragging, they were drawing, they were pulling

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to drag', 'to draw', or 'to pull'. It is used to describe the action of moving something or someone by force, often along a surface. It can refer to physical dragging, but also to drawing someone towards a particular place or outcome. The form 'ΕΙΛΚΟΝ' specifically indicates an ongoing or repeated action in the past, performed by a group of people.

Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Active, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΣΥΡΩ, ΕΦΕΛΚΩ

G5228, G846

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: hoo-per-OW-tas

Translations: over them, above them, beyond them, superior to them

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the preposition 'ὑπέρ' (hyper), meaning 'over' or 'above', and the pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos), meaning 'himself, herself, itself, themself'. In this form, it functions as an adjective or pronoun meaning 'over them' or 'above them', indicating a position or state of being superior or beyond a group of people or things. It is used to describe something that is positioned or exists above or in excess of a specified group.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΝΩΤΕΡΩ, ΕΠΑΝΩ

G5394

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: FLEH-go-meh-NOHN

Translations: burning, being burned, blazing, being set on fire, of burning, of being burned

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle derived from the verb 'φλέγω' (phlegō), meaning 'to burn' or 'to be inflamed'. As a participle, it describes an ongoing action or state, functioning like an adjective to modify a noun, or sometimes substantively as a noun itself. In this form, it indicates something that is currently burning or being burned, or belonging to something that is burning.

Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive Voice, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΑΙΟΜΕΝΩΝ, ΠΥΡΟΥΜΕΝΩΝ

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: an-te-LAM-ba-non-to

Translations: they were helping, they were assisting, they were taking hold of, they were supporting, they were partaking of

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἀντί (anti), meaning 'against' or 'in return for', and the verb λαμβάνομαι (lambanomai), the middle voice of λαμβάνω (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. In the middle voice, ἀντιλαμβάνομαι means 'to take hold of for oneself', 'to help', 'to assist', 'to support', or 'to partake of'. The form ἀντελαμβάνοντο is the imperfect middle/passive indicative, third person plural, indicating an ongoing or repeated action in the past.

Inflection: Imperfect, Middle or Passive, Indicative, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΒΟΗΘΕΩ, ΣΥΛΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΕΠΙΛΑΜΒΑΝΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ἀντιλαμβάνομαι is a compound of the preposition ἀντί (anti), meaning 'against, in return for, instead of', and the middle voice of the verb λαμβάνω (lambanō), meaning 'to take, to receive'. The combination implies taking hold of something in opposition or in support.

G2204

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ZEH-on-tos

Translations: of boiling, of being hot, of being fervent, of being zealous

Notes: This word is the genitive singular masculine or neuter form of the present active participle of the verb 'zeō'. It describes something that is boiling, hot, or fervent. It can be used to describe a literal boiling liquid, or metaphorically, a person's intense passion or zeal for something. For example, it might describe someone 'of a fervent spirit' or 'of a boiling passion'.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΘΕΡΜΟΥ, ΠΥΡΟΣ

Etymology: The verb 'zeō' comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to boil, to foam'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that also refer to heat or boiling.

G1405

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: dras-SOH-meh-noy

Translations: grasping, taking hold of, seizing, laying hold of

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle of the verb 'δράσσομαι' (drassomai), meaning 'to grasp' or 'to take hold of'. It describes an action of seizing or laying hold of something, often with the hand. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing the subject performing the action of grasping.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Plural, Masculine, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΚΡΑΤΕΩ, ΕΠΙΛΑΜΒΑΝΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The verb δράσσομαι (drassomai) is derived from δράξ (draks), meaning 'a handful'. It refers to the action of taking or holding something in one's hand.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-eh-BAH-ee-neh

Translations: was crossing over, was passing through, was going across, was traversing

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'across', and the verb βαίνω (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to step'. It describes the action of moving from one side to another, such as crossing a river or passing through a region. The form ΔΙΕΒΑΙΝΕ specifically indicates a continuous or repeated action in the past.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Imperfect, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΝΑΩ, ΔΙΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΔΙΑΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ

G2532, G3778

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Pronoun

Sounds like: kah-ee-TOOS

Translations: and these, and those

Notes: This is a compound phrase formed by the conjunction 'καί' (kai), meaning 'and', and the demonstrative pronoun 'οὗτος' (houtos), meaning 'this' or 'these'. In this form, 'τοὺς' is the masculine accusative plural of 'οὗτος', so the phrase means 'and these' or 'and those' (referring to masculine plural objects). It is used to connect a previous statement or noun phrase with a new one, emphasizing the inclusion of the subsequent items.

Inflection: Compound of 'καί' (conjunction) and 'τοὺς' (masculine, Accusative, Plural of 'οὗτος')

G0297

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ah-MY-non-tas

Translations: defending, warding off, assisting, avenging

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'amynō', meaning 'to ward off', 'to defend', 'to assist', or 'to avenge'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action performed by the subject, often translated as 'defending' or 'those who are defending'. It indicates an ongoing action of protection or resistance.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Accusative Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΒΟΗΘΕΩ, ΑΝΤΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΑΠΟΛΟΓΕΟΜΑΙ

G4301

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pro-e-LAM-ba-nen

Translations: to take beforehand, to anticipate, to seize first, to get ahead of, to pre-occupy

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of', and the verb λαμβάνω (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. Therefore, it means 'to take beforehand' or 'to anticipate'. It describes an action of taking or doing something before someone else, or before a certain time.

Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΦΘΑΝΩ, ΠΡΟΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

Etymology: The word προλαμβάνω (prolambanō) is a compound of the Greek preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of', and the verb λαμβάνω (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. It has been in use since classical Greek, carrying the sense of taking or doing something in advance.

G2944

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ky-KLOO-meh-noy

Translations: being encircled, being surrounded, being encompassed

Notes: This word is a present passive participle, meaning 'being encircled' or 'being surrounded'. It describes someone or something that is in the process of being encircled or surrounded by another entity. It is often used to describe a military maneuver where an enemy is surrounded, or more generally, being encompassed by something like fire or a crowd.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Neuter, Present, Passive, Participle

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΚΥΚΛΟΩ, ΠΕΡΙΚΥΚΛΟΜΑΙ, ΠΕΡΙΚΛΕΙΩ

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G0063

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-pog-NOHN-tes

Translations: despairing, having despaired, giving up hope

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb ἀπογινώσκω (apoginōskō), meaning 'to despair' or 'to give up hope'. It is a compound word formed from ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and γινώσκω (ginōskō), meaning 'to know' or 'to perceive'. When used, it describes someone who has lost all hope or has given up on a situation, often implying a sense of finality in their decision.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΡΕΩ, ΑΘΥΜΕΩ

Etymology: The word ἀπογινώσκω (apoginōskō) is formed from the prefix ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb γινώσκω (ginōskō), meaning 'to know' or 'to perceive'. The combination suggests a 'knowing away from' or 'ceasing to know', leading to the sense of giving up or despairing.

G0325, G1909

Part of Speech: Verb, Preposition

Sounds like: ah-neh-KHO-roo-NEH-pee

Translations: they were withdrawing to, they were retreating upon, they were departing for

Notes: This is a compound phrase formed by the verb ἀναχωρέω (anachōreō) and the preposition ἐπί (epi). The verb ἀναχωρέω means 'to withdraw, retreat, or depart'. The form ἀνεχώρουν is the imperfect indicative, active, 3rd person plural, meaning 'they were withdrawing' or 'they were retreating'. The preposition ἐπί means 'upon, on, to, against, over, at, for, by, in the time of', and its specific meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs. In this context, it indicates direction 'to' or 'upon' a place. Therefore, the combined phrase means 'they were withdrawing to' or 'they were retreating upon'.

Inflection: Verb: Imperfect Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Plural; Preposition: Does not inflect (governs various cases)

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ὙΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ

G4363

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-E-kin-toh

Translations: they were devoted, they were attached, they were pressing hard, they were lying near

Notes: This word is the third person plural imperfect indicative middle/passive of the verb προσκείμαι. It describes a state of being attached, devoted, or pressing hard upon something or someone. It can indicate a close relationship, a persistent effort, or a physical proximity, often implying a strong adherence or pressure.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Indicative, Middle or Passive

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΜΕΝΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΟΛΛΑΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΧΩ

Etymology: The word προσκείμαι (proskeimai) is a compound verb formed from the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to, toward, in addition to', and the verb κεῖμαι (keimai), meaning 'to lie, to be laid, to be situated'. Thus, it literally means 'to lie toward' or 'to be laid near', evolving to mean 'to be attached to' or 'to be devoted to'.

G1096, G3588

Part of Speech: Participle, Article

Sounds like: GHI-noh-MEH-noi-TON

Translations: becoming, happening, being, of the, of those

Notes: This appears to be a compound of two separate Koine Greek words: the participle ΓΙΝΟΜΕΝΟΙ (ginomenoi) and the genitive plural definite article ΤΩΝ (tōn). ΓΙΝΟΜΕΝΟΙ means 'becoming,' 'happening,' or 'being,' and is the masculine nominative plural form of the present middle/passive participle of the verb ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ. ΤΩΝ is the genitive plural form of the definite article, meaning 'of the' or 'of those.' When combined as 'ΓΙΝΟΜΕΝΟΙΤΩΝ', it would typically translate as 'of those who are becoming/happening/being' or 'of the ones who are becoming/happening/being.' This construction is common in Koine Greek where a participle functions substantively (as a noun) and is then modified by the article.

Inflection: ΓΙΝΟΜΕΝΟΙ: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Nominative, Plural, Masculine. ΤΩΝ: Definite Article, Genitive, Plural, All genders.

G1795

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: EN-doh-then

Translations: from within, within, inwardly, inside

Notes: This word is an adverb indicating a location or origin from an internal point. It describes something that comes from or is situated in the interior of something else. It can be used to describe actions, feelings, or physical locations that originate from or are found inside.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἘΝΔΟΝ, ἘΣΩ

Etymology: The word ἘΝΔΟΘΕΝ is formed from the preposition ἘΝ (en), meaning 'in' or 'within', combined with the suffix -θεν (-then), which indicates origin or direction from a place. Thus, it literally means 'from within'.

G4314

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: pros-boh-ay-THOON-tohn

Translations: helping, assisting, coming to aid, giving aid, rendering assistance

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'προσβοηθέω', meaning 'to come to the aid of' or 'to render assistance'. It describes an action of providing help or support to someone or something. It is often used in contexts where people are actively engaged in helping or reinforcing others.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Genitive, Plural

Synonyms: ΒΟΗΘΕΩ, ΣΥΜΜΑΧΕΩ, ΕΠΙΚΟΥΡΕΩ

Etymology: The word 'προσβοηθέω' is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'πρός' (pros), meaning 'to, toward, in addition to', and the verb 'βοηθέω' (boētheō), meaning 'to come to the aid of, to help'. The root 'βοηθέω' itself comes from 'βοή' (boē), meaning 'a cry, a shout', and 'θέω' (theō), meaning 'to run', thus originally referring to running to a cry for help.

G2292

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: teh-thar-RAY-koh-tes

Translations: having been confident, having been courageous, having been bold, having been encouraged

Notes: This word is a perfect active participle, meaning 'having been confident' or 'having been courageous'. It describes someone who has gained confidence or boldness and continues to possess that state. It is often used to describe a state of mind or attitude, indicating a settled sense of assurance or fearlessness.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine, Perfect Active Participle

Synonyms: ΠΕΠΟΙΘΟΤΕΣ, ἘΝΘΑΡΡΥΝΘΕΝΤΕΣ

G0800

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-tah-mee-YEV-toys

Translations: (to) unsparing, (to) unreserved, (to) unstinting

Notes: This word describes something that is unsparing, unreserved, or unstinting. It implies a lack of restraint or a generous, abundant use of resources, effort, or force. It is often used to describe actions or attitudes where nothing is held back.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΦΕΙΔΩΣ, ΑΦΕΙΔΗΣ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the negative prefix 'α-' (a-) meaning 'not' or 'un-', and 'ταμιεύω' (tamieuō), meaning 'to manage a household, to dispense, to store up'. Thus, it literally means 'not stored up' or 'not managed/dispensed sparingly'.

G3709

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: or-GAIS

Translations: (to) wrath, (to) anger, (to) passion, (to) indignation, (to) fury

Notes: This word refers to a strong emotion, often negative, such as anger, wrath, or indignation. It can also denote a more general passion or impulse. In this form, it is used in the dative case, indicating the recipient or instrument of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for' or 'by' in English, depending on context. It is a plural form, referring to multiple instances or expressions of wrath or anger.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΘΥΜΟΣ, ΧΟΛΗ, ΜΗΝΙΣ

G4281

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pro-el-THON-tes

Translations: having gone forth, having come forward, proceeding, advancing

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having gone forth' or 'having come forward'. It describes an action that occurred prior to the main verb in the sentence. It is a compound word formed from the preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'forward', and the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. Thus, it literally means 'to come or go forward'. It is used to indicate movement in a forward direction, either physically or metaphorically.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΒΑΙΝΟΝΤΕΣ, ΠΡΟΧΩΡΟΥΝΤΕΣ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ is a compound verb derived from the Greek preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'forward', and the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. Its etymology reflects the concept of moving or coming in a forward direction.

G2068, G2235

Part of Speech: Noun, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-ROO-mah-tohn AY-day

Translations: of fortresses, of strongholds, already, now, by this time

Notes: This appears to be a compound or a concatenation of two distinct Koine Greek words: 'ἘΡΥΜΑΤΩΝ' (erymatōn) and 'ἨΔΗ' (ēdē). 'ἘΡΥΜΑΤΩΝ' is the genitive plural of 'ἔρυμα' (eryma), meaning 'fortress' or 'stronghold'. 'ἨΔΗ' is an adverb meaning 'already' or 'now'. When combined, it would mean 'of fortresses already' or 'already of strongholds'. It's important to note that these words are typically written separately in Koine Greek, so their concatenation here might indicate a scribal error or a specific textual tradition.

Inflection: ἘΡΥΜΑΤΩΝ: Plural, Genitive, Neuter; ἨΔΗ: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ὈΧΥΡΩΜΑ, ΦΡΟΥΡΙΟΝ, ΝΥΝ

G5010

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: TA-xiss

Translations: order, a order, arrangement, a arrangement, rank, a rank, sequence, a sequence, position, a position, class, a class

Notes: This word refers to an orderly arrangement, a fixed succession, or a proper state of things. It can describe a military formation or rank, a social class, or the proper sequence of events. It is used to denote structure, discipline, and the way things are organized.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΟΣΜΟΣ, ΔΙΑΤΑΓΗ, ΣΥΝΤΑΓΜΑ

Etymology: From the verb τάσσω (tassō), meaning 'to arrange, to put in order, to assign'. It describes the result or state of being arranged.

G2476, G4253

Part of Speech: Participle, Preposition

Sounds like: his-TAH-meh-nee-PRO

Translations: standing before, being placed in front of, standing in front of

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the participle 'ΙΣΤΑΜΕΝΗ' (histamenē), meaning 'standing' or 'being placed', and the preposition 'ΠΡΟ' (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of'. Together, it describes something that is standing or positioned in front of something else. It is used to indicate a position or state of being located ahead of or in front of another object or entity.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Feminine (for ΙΣΤΑΜΕΝΗ); Does not inflect (for ΠΡΟ)

G4754

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: strah-TOH-peh-doo

Translations: of a camp, of the camp, of an army, of the army, of an encampment, of the encampment

Notes: This word refers to a military camp, an encampment, or by extension, the army or troops stationed within it. It is a compound word formed from 'στρατός' (army) and 'πέδον' (ground, plain). In this form, 'ΣΤΡΑΤΟΠΕΔΟΥ' is the genitive singular, indicating possession or origin, often translated with 'of' (e.g., 'of the camp'). It can be used to describe the location where an army is stationed or the collective body of soldiers itself.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΕΜΒΟΛΗ, ΣΤΡΑΤΕΥΜΑ

Etymology: The word ΣΤΡΑΤΟΠΕΔΟΝ is a compound noun derived from two Greek words: στρατός (stratos), meaning 'army' or 'expedition', and πέδον (pedon), meaning 'ground' or 'plain'. Thus, it literally means 'army ground' or 'army plain', referring to the place where an army encamps.

G1169

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: DEH-ee-nos

Translations: terrible, dreadful, fearful, mighty, powerful, clever, skillful, a terrible, a dreadful

Notes: This adjective describes something as terrible, dreadful, or fearful, often implying a sense of awe or danger. It can also mean mighty or powerful, indicating great strength or influence. In some contexts, it can even refer to someone who is clever or skillful, particularly in a way that is impressive or formidable. It is used to qualify nouns, describing their nature or quality.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΦΟΒΕΡΟΣ, ΙΣΧΥΡΟΣ, ΔΥΝΑΤΟΣ

Etymology: From a root meaning 'to fear' or 'to dread'. It is related to words expressing terror or power.

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: ep

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, by, before, among, concerning, with

Notes: This word is a preposition, often used as a prefix in compound words. It is a shortened form of the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), which loses its final vowel when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark. Its precise meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it often means 'on, upon, over' (of place) or 'at, during' (of time); with the dative, it can mean 'on, at, by' (of place), 'in addition to', or 'for, because of'; and with the accusative, it typically means 'to, toward, against' (of motion) or 'over, upon' (of extent).

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ὙΠΕΡ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ (epi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'on, at, near'.

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TEH

Translations: she, herself, to her, for her, of her, her, it, itself, to it, for it, of it, its, they, them, themselves

Notes: This word is a form of the pronoun 'autos', meaning 'self' or 'same'. It can function as a personal pronoun (he, she, it, they), a reflexive pronoun (himself, herself, itself, themselves), or an intensive pronoun (the very, the same). Its specific meaning depends on its case, number, and gender, and the context of the sentence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine; or Singular, Dative, Feminine; or Singular, Genitive, Feminine; or Plural, Nominative, Neuter

Etymology: The word 'autos' (from which 'autē' is derived) comes from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ew-to-, a pronominal stem. It is related to other pronouns and demonstratives in various Indo-European languages.

G3551

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: NOH-mos

Translations: law, a law, principle, custom

Notes: This word refers to a law, a principle, or a custom. It can denote a specific legal code, such as the Mosaic Law, or a general principle or rule. It is often used in a religious or ethical context, referring to divine commandments or established norms of conduct.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΝΤΟΛΗ, ΔΙΚΑΙΩΜΑ, ΚΑΝΩΝ

Etymology: The word ΝΟΜΟΣ (nomos) comes from the Greek verb νέμω (nemō), meaning 'to distribute, to assign, to apportion'. It originally referred to that which is distributed or assigned, and thus came to mean an established custom or law.

G5298

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ton-yoo-poh-kho-RAY-san-ta

Translations: the one who retreated, the one who withdrew, the one who gave way, the one who yielded

Notes: This word is a compound form consisting of the definite article 'the' (τὸν) and the aorist active participle of the verb 'ὑποχωρέω' (hypochōreō). It refers to 'the one who retreated' or 'the one who withdrew'. It is used to describe a person who has fallen back, given ground, or yielded in some way, often in a military or strategic context. As an accusative singular masculine form, it would typically function as the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine, Aorist Active Participle

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΧΩΡΕΩ, ΑΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ

Etymology: The verb ὑποχωρέω (hypochōreō) is a compound of ὑπό (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'from under', and χωρέω (chōreō), meaning 'to go' or 'to make room'. Thus, it literally means 'to go from under' or 'to give ground under oneself', leading to the sense of retreating or withdrawing.

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: kath

Translations: according to, down, against, throughout, during, by, for, with respect to, concerning

Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down' or 'according to'. It is commonly used as a prefix in compound words or as a preposition governing various cases. When used as a preposition, it can indicate movement downwards, distribution, opposition, or a standard of comparison. For example, 'καθ' ἕνα' means 'one by one', and 'καθά' means 'just as' or 'according as'. The elision (dropping of the final vowel) occurs before a word beginning with a vowel and a rough breathing mark.

Inflection: Does not inflect (it is an elided form of a preposition)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: The word 'κατά' (kata) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'down' or 'against'. It is a common preposition in ancient Greek, indicating various relationships of position, direction, or standard.

G1211

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: DAY-pot-eh

Translations: at any time, ever, at some time, perhaps, perchance, possibly

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'at any time' or 'ever'. It can also convey a sense of uncertainty or possibility, translating to 'perhaps' or 'perchance'. It is often used to emphasize that something happens or exists at some point, even if unspecified.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΟΤΕ, ΠΩΣ

Etymology: This word is a compound of the particle δῆ (dē), meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly', and the indefinite adverb ποτέ (poté), meaning 'at some time' or 'ever'. The combination emphasizes the temporal aspect with a degree of certainty or assertion.

G3588, G3326

Part of Speech: Adverb, Prepositional Phrase

Sounds like: too-MEH-tah

Translations: after, with, among, in the midst of, in company with

Notes: This word is a compound of the genitive singular definite article 'τοῦ' (tou) and the preposition 'μετά' (meta). When combined, it functions as an adverbial phrase meaning 'after' or 'with', often implying a sequence in time or a state of being together. It can be used to indicate a consequence or a relationship of accompaniment.

Inflection: Does not inflect (compound of inflected article and uninflected preposition)

Synonyms: ΜΕΤΑ, ΕΠΕΙΤΑ, ΣΥΝ

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, after, among, behind, by, in company with, in pursuit of, according to

Notes: This word is a preposition that can also function as an adverb. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it usually means 'after' or 'behind' (indicating sequence or pursuit). It can also denote a change of state or position.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases)

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'μετά' (meta) comes from Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is related to English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G703

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-reh-TAYS

Translations: of virtue, of excellence, of moral goodness, of valor

Notes: This word refers to moral excellence, virtue, or valor. It describes a quality of high moral standing or outstanding ability, often implying courage or effectiveness.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΓΑΘΟΣΥΝΗ, ΚΑΛΟΚΑΓΑΘΙΑ

Etymology: The word 'Ἀρετή' (aretē) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to 'ἀρή' (arē), meaning 'prayer' or 'curse', or from the root 'ἀρ-' (ar-), meaning 'to fit' or 'to join'. It evolved to signify excellence of any kind, and later, moral excellence.

G4264

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: pro-KREE-nan-tes

Translations: preferring, having preferred, choosing, having chosen, deciding, having decided

Notes: This word is a compound participle, formed from the preposition 'πρό' (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of', and the verb 'κρίνω' (krino), meaning 'to judge' or 'to decide'. As a participle, it describes an action performed by the subject of the main verb, often indicating a preceding or concurrent action. It means to prefer, to choose before others, or to decide in favor of something. It implies making a judgment or selection with a preference.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΙΡΕΩ, ΕΚΛΕΓΟΜΑΙ, ΒΟΥΛΟΜΑΙ

G2476

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: IS-tan-tai

Translations: they stand, they are standing, they take a stand, they present themselves

Notes: This word is a form of the verb ἵστημι, meaning 'to stand', 'to set', or 'to place'. In this specific form, it indicates that multiple subjects are standing, are in the process of standing, or are presenting themselves. It can be used to describe people or things that are in an upright position or are taking a firm stance.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Present, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ἘΣΤΗΚΑΝ, ἘΣΤΩΣΙΝ, ἘΣΤΑΣΑΝ

Etymology: The word ἵστημι comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to stand'. It is related to words in many other Indo-European languages that convey the idea of standing or setting something upright.

G5157

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: trah-PEN-tohn

Translations: of having turned, of having been turned, of having routed, of having been routed, of having fled, of having been put to flight

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'trepo', meaning 'to turn' or 'to put to flight'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred, functioning like an adjective or adverb. In this genitive plural form, it typically refers to 'those who have turned' or 'those who have been routed/fled', often implying a group of people who have been defeated and forced to retreat in battle.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Plural

Synonyms: ΦΕΥΓΟΝΤΩΝ, ΗΤΤΗΜΕΝΩΝ

Etymology: The verb ΤΡΕΠΩ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to turn'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that also convey the idea of turning or changing direction.

G1994, G127

Part of Speech: Verb, Adjective

Sounds like: eh-pes-TRAH-fay-san-ai-DOO-meh-noi

Translations: they returned ashamed, they turned back revering, they were converted respecting

Notes: This appears to be a compound word or a concatenation of two distinct words: 'ἐπεστράφησαν' (epestraphēsan) and 'αἰδούμενοι' (aidoumenoi). 'Ἐπεστράφησαν' is the third person plural aorist passive indicative of the verb 'ἐπιστρέφω' (epistrephō), meaning 'they were turned back' or 'they returned'. 'Αἰδούμενοι' is the masculine nominative plural present middle/passive participle of the verb 'αἰδέομαι' (aideomai), meaning 'being ashamed', 'revering', or 'respecting'. When combined, it suggests an action of returning or turning back, accompanied by a state of shame, reverence, or respect. For example, 'they returned, being ashamed' or 'they turned back, respecting'.

Inflection: ἘΠΕΣΤΡΑΦΗΣΑΝ: Third Person Plural, Aorist, Passive, Indicative; ΑἸΔΟΥΜΕΝΟΙ: Masculine, Nominative, Plural, Present, Middle/Passive, Participle

Synonyms: ΥΠΟΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΕΝΤΡΕΠΟΜΑΙ

G1303

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: dee-ah-THEN-tes

Translations: having arranged, having disposed, having made a covenant, having appointed, having settled, having established

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having arranged' or 'having disposed'. It describes an action completed in the past by the subject. It can also mean 'to make a covenant' or 'to appoint' or 'to settle' or 'to establish'. It is often used in legal or administrative contexts.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΚΑΘΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΟΡΙΖΩ

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ox-yoo-BEH-leess

Translations: oxybeles, a dart-shooter, a catapult, a ballista

Notes: This is a compound word derived from 'ὀξύς' (oxys, meaning sharp or pointed) and 'βέλος' (belos, meaning a missile or dart). An oxybeles was an ancient Greek siege engine, a type of large crossbow or catapult designed to shoot large darts or bolts. It was a powerful weapon used for long-range attacks against fortifications or enemy formations.

Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΠΕΛΤΗΣ, ΛΙΘΟΒΟΛΟΣ

Etymology: The word ὈΞΥΒΕΛΗΣ is a compound of the Greek words ὀξύς (oxys), meaning 'sharp' or 'pointed', and βέλος (belos), meaning 'missile' or 'dart'. It literally means 'sharp-shooter' or 'dart-shooter', referring to the type of projectile it launched.

G1407

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EER-gon-toh

Translations: were being shut in, were being confined, were being kept back, were being prevented, were being hindered

Notes: This word is the imperfect middle/passive indicative third person plural form of the verb εἴργω (eirgo). It describes an action that was ongoing in the past, where the subjects were being shut in, confined, kept back, prevented, or hindered. It implies a state of being restrained or excluded.

Inflection: Imperfect, Middle or Passive Voice, Indicative Mood, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΩΛΥΩ, ἈΠΟΚΛΕΙΩ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩ

G4330

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: pros-GHI-no-me-non

Translations: coming to, being added, accompanying, accruing, happening in addition, joining

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle, meaning 'coming to be', 'being added', or 'accompanying'. It describes something that is in the process of joining, accruing, or happening in addition to something else. It can function adjectivally to describe a noun that is 'coming to' or 'being added'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter, Present, Middle/Passive, Participle

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΣΤΙΘΗΜΙ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ΠΡΟΣ (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and the verb ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ (ginomai), meaning 'to become' or 'to come into being'.

G5438

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ee-foo-LA-keen

Translations: guard, a guard, prison, a prison, watch, a watch, keeping, a keeping

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the noun 'φυλακή' (phylakē), which refers to a guard, a prison, a watch, or the act of keeping or guarding. The initial 'ἠ' (eta with rough breathing) is an augment, typically indicating a past tense or a specific grammatical form, though in this context, it's part of the noun's form. It is used to denote a place of confinement or the act of being on watch.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΕΣΜΩΤΗΡΙΟΝ, ΤΗΡΗΣΙΣ, ΦΡΟΥΡΑ

Etymology: The word 'φυλακή' (phylakē) comes from the verb 'φυλάσσω' (phylassō), meaning 'to guard' or 'to watch'.

G4306

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: proh-noh-oo-MEH-noos

Translations: providing for, taking thought for, caring for, those who provide for, those who take thought for, those who care for

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'προνοέω', meaning 'to foresee', 'to provide for', or 'to take thought for'. As a participle, it functions adjectivally or substantively, describing someone or something that is in the act of providing or caring. It implies a proactive concern or provision for something or someone.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Accusative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΜΕΛΟΥΜΕΝΟΥΣ, ΦΡΟΝΤΙΖΟΝΤΑΣ

G2453, G3588

Part of Speech: Noun, Article

Sounds like: ee-oo-DAH-ee-oy-TOYS

Translations: Jews, to the Jews, for the Jews

Notes: This word appears to be a concatenation or misspelling of two separate Koine Greek words: 'ἸΟΥΔΑΙΟΙ' (Ioudaioi), meaning 'Jews' (Nominative or Vocative, Masculine, Plural), and 'ΤΟΙΣ' (tois), which is the Dative, Masculine or Neuter, Plural form of the definite article 'the'. When combined, it would mean 'to the Jews' or 'for the Jews'. It is not a single recognized word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Nominative or Vocative Plural (for ἸΟΥΔΑΙΟΙ), Dative Plural (for ΤΟΙΣ), Masculine or Neuter (for ΤΟΙΣ)

Synonyms: ἙΒΡΑΙΟΙ, ἸΣΡΑΗΛΙΤΑΙ

G4337

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-TOO-khoo-see

Translations: they meet with, they encounter, they obtain, they happen upon

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and the verb τυγχάνω (tynchanō), meaning 'to happen', 'to obtain', or 'to meet'. Together, it means to meet with someone or something, to encounter, or to obtain something by chance or by design. It is used to describe an action where a group of people comes into contact with or acquires something.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΤΥΓΧΑΝΩ, ΕΝΤΥΓΧΑΝΩ

Etymology: The word προστυγχάνω (prostygchanō) is a compound verb derived from the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to, towards, with', and the verb τυγχάνω (tynchanō), meaning 'to happen, to obtain, to meet'.

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: ah-foo-LAK-tohs

Translations: unguardedly, unwarily, carelessly, without guard, without caution

Notes: This adverb describes an action performed without guard, caution, or watchfulness. It implies a lack of foresight or protection, often leading to vulnerability or danger. It is used to describe how someone acts when they are not being careful or are exposed.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἈΠΡΟΣΕΚΤΩΣ, ἈΦΡΟΝΩΣ, ἈΝΕΠΙΦΥΛΑΚΤΩΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΦΥΛΑΚΤΩΣ is derived from the adjective ἈΦΥΛΑΚΤΟΣ (unguarded), which is formed from the alpha privative (α-) meaning 'not' or 'without', and ΦΥΛΑΚΤΟΣ (guarded), which comes from the verb ΦΥΛΑΣΣΩ (to guard, to watch).

G1706

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: em-PIP-ton-tes

Translations: falling into, falling upon, rushing into, encountering, happening upon, those who fall into, those who rush into

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'falling into' or 'rushing upon'. It describes an action of moving into or upon something, often with force or suddenness. It can be used to describe people or things that encounter or happen upon something, or that fall into a particular state or situation. For example, it could describe soldiers rushing into battle or someone falling into a pit.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΙΠΤΩ, ΕΙΣΠΙΠΤΩ, ΠΡΟΣΠΙΠΤΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΜΠΙΠΤΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΕΝ (en), meaning 'in' or 'into', and the verb ΠΙΠΤΩ (piptō), meaning 'to fall'. Thus, it literally means 'to fall into'.

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOYS

Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her

Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

G2292

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: thar-REH-in

Translations: to be courageous, to take courage, to be confident, to be bold, to be of good cheer

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to be courageous,' 'to take courage,' or 'to be confident.' It is often used to encourage someone or to describe a state of mind where one feels bold and unafraid, even in difficult circumstances. As an infinitive, it functions like 'to be courageous' or 'to have courage' in a sentence.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΘΑΡΣΕΩ, ΕΥΨΥΧΕΩ

Etymology: The word comes from the Greek root θάρσος (tharsos), meaning 'courage' or 'boldness.'

G4014

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-ree-AY-san

Translations: they were left over, they survived, they remained, they were superior, they excelled

Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative, third person plural of the verb 'περίειμι' (perieimi), which is a compound verb formed from 'περί' (peri, meaning 'around' or 'over') and 'εἰμί' (eimi, meaning 'to be'). It means 'to be left over,' 'to survive,' 'to remain,' 'to be superior,' or 'to excel.' It describes a state of being in excess or outlasting something else.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΥΠΟΛΕΙΠΟΜΑΙ, ΔΙΑΜΕΝΩ, ΥΠΕΡΕΧΩ

G5112

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: TOL-may

Translations: boldness, a boldness, daring, audacity, courage

Notes: This word refers to boldness, daring, or audacity. It describes the quality of being courageous or having the nerve to do something, often implying a willingness to take risks or act without fear. It can be used in contexts where someone acts with great confidence or impudence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΡΗΣΙΑ, ΘΑΡΣΟΣ, ΕΥΨΥΧΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΤΟΛΜΗ (tolmē) comes from the verb τολμάω (tolmaō), meaning 'to dare' or 'to be bold'. Its origin is uncertain, but it is an ancient Greek word.

G1504

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ee-KOHN

Translations: image, an image, likeness, a likeness, representation, a representation, statue, a statue, idol, an idol

Notes: This word refers to an image, likeness, or representation of something, whether physical or abstract. It can denote a statue, a portrait, or even a resemblance in character or nature. It is often used to describe something that perfectly reflects or embodies another.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΜΟΙΩΜΑ, ΤΥΠΟΣ, ΜΟΡΦΗ

Etymology: The word Εἰκών (eikōn) is derived from the verb ἔοικα (eoika), meaning 'to be like, to resemble'. It refers to something that is made to be like or resemble another.

G2559

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: toh-kah-KOOS-thigh

Translations: to be afflicted, to be mistreated, to be harmed, to be in distress, to suffer evil, to be ill-treated

Notes: This is a compound phrase consisting of the dative singular definite article τῷ (tō) and the present passive infinitive of the verb κακόω (kakoō). It means 'to be afflicted' or 'to be mistreated'. When used with the dative article, it functions as a substantive, often indicating the cause or reason for something, translating to 'by being afflicted' or 'because of being mistreated'. It describes the state of undergoing hardship or suffering.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Infinitive, Dative (substantival use)

Synonyms: ΠΑΘΕΙΝ, ΚΑΚΟΠΑΘΕΙΝ

G0458

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: an-toh-NEE-as

Translations: Antonia, Antonia Fortress

Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to the Antonia Fortress, a significant military barracks built by Herod the Great in Jerusalem. It was located at the northwest corner of the Temple Mount and served as a strategic stronghold and observation point. It is often mentioned in historical accounts related to events in Jerusalem during the Roman period.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The name 'Antonia' is derived from the Roman family name 'Antonius', specifically in honor of Mark Antony, a Roman politician and general.

G5563, G2657

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: keh-KHO-ris-toh-ka-tas-KEP-toh-me-nos

Translations: having separated and observed, having carefully considered a separate place, having surveyed separately

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the perfect participle of χωρίζω (chorizō), meaning 'to separate' or 'to divide', and the perfect participle of κατασκέπτομαι (kataskeptomai), meaning 'to look down upon', 'to survey', or 'to observe carefully'. The combined meaning refers to someone who has separated themselves or something, and then carefully observed or surveyed a place or situation. It describes an action of deliberate, separate examination.

Inflection: Perfect Active Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

G4757, G5352

Part of Speech: Noun, Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: strah-tee-OH-tas FOW-lee-sas

Translations: soldiers, having despised, having scorned, having made light of

Notes: This word appears to be a concatenation or misspelling of two separate Koine Greek words: ΣΤΡΑΤΙΩΤΑΣ (stratiōtas), meaning 'soldiers' (accusative plural of στρατιώτης), and ΦΑΥΛΙΣΑΣ (phaulisas), an aorist active participle meaning 'having despised' or 'having scorned'. When combined, it would mean 'having despised the soldiers' or 'having scorned the soldiers'. The first part, στρατιώτας, refers to military personnel. The second part, φαυλίσας, describes an action of treating someone or something with contempt or disdain.

Inflection: ΣΤΡΑΤΙΩΤΑΣ: Plural, Accusative, Masculine; ΦΑΥΛΙΣΑΣ: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist Active Participle

Synonyms: ΣΤΡΑΤΟΣ, ΣΤΡΑΤΕΥΜΑ, ΚΑΤΑΦΡΟΝΕΩ, ΑΤΙΜΑΖΩ

G2902

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: kra-TOON-tes

Translations: holding, holding fast, seizing, grasping, ruling, governing, prevailing, overcoming, being in power, those holding, those holding fast, those seizing, those grasping, those ruling, those governing, those prevailing, those overcoming, those being in power

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'krateō'. It describes someone who is actively holding, seizing, ruling, or prevailing. It can be used to describe people who are in a position of power or control, or who are actively maintaining a grip on something, whether literally or figuratively. It often implies strength, authority, or mastery.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΧΟΝΤΕΣ, ΚΥΡΙΕΥΟΝΤΕΣ, ΕΠΙΚΡΑΤΟΥΝΤΕΣ

Etymology: From κράτος (kratos), meaning 'strength, power, might'. The verb κρατέω means 'to be strong, to rule, to prevail'.

G2793

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kin-dy-NEV-oo-see

Translations: they are in danger, they are in peril, they risk, they are likely

Notes: This verb describes the state of being in danger or peril, or the act of risking something. It is often used to indicate that someone is on the verge of doing something or is likely to do something, implying a potential risk or outcome. It can be used in various contexts to express a hazardous situation or a probable event.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΙΝΔΥΝΕΥΩ, ΕΠΙΚΙΝΔΥΝΕΥΩ, ΔΙΑΚΙΝΔΥΝΕΥΩ

G2398

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: TOY-see-DEE-oys

Translations: (to) one's own, (to) their own, (to) his own, (to) her own, (to) its own

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'one's own' or 'private'. It is used to indicate possession or a close relationship, often referring to something belonging to the subject of the sentence. In this form, it is a dative plural, indicating 'to/for one's own' people or things. It is often used with the definite article, as seen in the example, to mean 'to their own' or 'to his own'.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΥ, ΕΑΥΤΟΥ, ΟΙΚΕΙΟΣ

G4131

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: po-lee-or-koo-MEH-non

Translations: of those being besieged, of those being blockaded, of those being surrounded

Notes: This word is the genitive plural masculine/neuter participle of the verb 'πολιορκέω' (poliorcheō), meaning 'to besiege' or 'to blockade'. It refers to the people or things that are currently under siege or blockade. It is often used to describe the state of a city or a group of people being surrounded by an enemy force.

Inflection: Participle, Present, Middle/Passive, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΚΑΘΗΜΕΝΩΝ, ΚΥΚΛΟΥΜΕΝΩΝ

G5177

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: too-KHEEN

Translations: fortune, luck, chance, a fortune, a luck, a chance

Notes: This word refers to fortune, luck, or chance, often personified as a goddess in ancient thought. It describes the outcome of events, whether good or bad, that are not attributed to human agency or direct divine will. It can be used in sentences to refer to one's destiny or the random occurrences of life.

Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Feminine

Synonyms: ΜΟΙΡΑ, ΕΙΜΑΡΜΕΝΗ

Etymology: The word ΤΥΧΗ (tyche) comes from the verb τυγχάνω (tynchanō), meaning 'to happen' or 'to obtain by chance'. It refers to that which happens or falls to one's lot.

G5618

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: OH-sper

Translations: just as, as, even as, like, in the same way as

Notes: This word functions as a comparative adverb or conjunction, meaning 'just as' or 'even as'. It is used to introduce a clause that draws a comparison or analogy, indicating that something is happening or is true in the same manner or degree as something else. It emphasizes the similarity between two things or actions.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΑΠΕΡ

Etymology: From the adverb ὡς (hōs, "as") and the particle περ (per, "indeed, very"), emphasizing the comparison.

G0447

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-NEN-tes

Translations: having let go, having loosed, having released, having relaxed, having given up, having neglected

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb ἀνίημι, meaning 'to let go,' 'to loose,' or 'to release.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has been completed. It often implies a cessation of effort, a relaxation of tension, or the act of giving up something. For example, it could describe someone who has released a rope or relaxed their grip.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ἈΦΙΗΜΙ, ΛΥΩ, ΧΑΛΑΩ

G4022

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-ree-AY-ee

Translations: went about, went around, traveled around, wandered, went about with

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from 'περί' (around) and 'ἔρχομαι' (to come, to go). It describes the action of moving or traveling around a place or among people. It can imply a general movement, wandering, or going about for a specific purpose, such as teaching, ministering, or even engaging in deceitful activities. In the provided context, it suggests going about with gifts or going about pretending to think something.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΠΑΤΕΩ, ΠΛΑΝΑΩ

G4750, G3817

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: stoh-ma-pai-OH-meh-noi

Translations: being struck in the mouth, being struck on the mouth, being punched in the mouth

Notes: This is a compound word formed from 'στόμα' (stoma), meaning 'mouth', and 'παίω' (paiō), meaning 'to strike' or 'to hit'. The word describes someone who is being struck or hit in the mouth. It is used to describe an action being done to a person, indicating they are receiving blows to the face.

Inflection: Participle, Present, Middle/Passive, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ΤΥΠΤΟΜΕΝΟΙ, ΚΟΛΑΦΙΖΟΜΕΝΟΙ

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-ton

Translations: this, this one, him, it

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, used to point out something specific that is near in proximity, time, or thought, or something that has just been mentioned. As a pronoun, it can stand in for a noun, meaning 'this one' or 'him/it'. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, meaning 'this' (e.g., 'this house'). In this form, it is masculine singular and in the accusative case, meaning it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΝ

G1994

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ep-is-tra-FEN-tes

Translations: having turned back, having returned, having been converted, having been restored

Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle, indicating an action that has been completed in the past, often with the sense of 'having been turned' or 'having returned'. It describes someone or something that has undergone a change of direction, a return to a previous state or place, or a spiritual conversion. It functions adjectivally, modifying a noun or pronoun, and implies that the subject has performed or experienced the action of turning or returning.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΕΠΙΣΤΡΕΦΟΜΑΙ

G2594

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-kar-TEH-roo-oon

Translations: they endured, they persevered, they held out, they were steadfast

Notes: This word is the third person plural imperfect active indicative form of the verb ΚΑΡΤΕΡΕΩ. It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, meaning 'to be steadfast,' 'to endure,' 'to persevere,' or 'to hold out.' It implies a firm and unyielding resistance to difficulties or opposition.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΥΠΟΜΕΝΩ, ΑΝΤΕΧΩ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΡΤΕΡΕΩ comes from the Greek adjective ΚΑΡΤΕΡΟΣ (KARTEROS), meaning 'strong' or 'steadfast.' It is related to ΚΡΑΤΟΣ (KRATOS), meaning 'strength' or 'power.'

G3396, G1161

Part of Speech: Participle, Conjunction

Sounds like: mi-GAY-see-sees-DEH

Translations: (of) having been mixed, (of) having been mingled, (of) having been joined, (of) having been united, but, and, now

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the aorist passive participle of the verb 'μίγνυμι' (mignymi), meaning 'to mix, mingle, join, unite', and the postpositive conjunction 'δε' (de), meaning 'but, and, now'. The participle 'ΜΙΓΕΙΣΗΣ' is in the genitive case, singular number, and feminine gender, indicating 'of having been mixed' or 'of having been joined'. The conjunction 'δε' adds a sense of transition or contrast, often translated as 'but', 'and', or 'now', and it always appears after the first word in its clause. Therefore, the combined word indicates a state of something having been mixed or joined, followed by a transitional 'but' or 'and'.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Singular, Genitive, Feminine (for ΜΙΓΕΙΣΗΣ); Does not inflect (for ΔΕ)

Synonyms: ΚΕΡΑΝΝΥΜΙ, ΣΥΜΜΙΓΝΥΜΙ, ΑΛΛΑ, ΚΑΙ

G3913

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pah-rah-TAH-kseh-ohs

Translations: of battle array, of battle line, of battle, of array, of order

Notes: This word refers to the arrangement of troops for battle, a battle line, or the act of drawing up an army in formation. It can also refer more generally to an array or order. In a sentence, it would describe something belonging to or related to a military formation or a state of readiness for conflict.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΤΑΞΙΣ, ΣΥΝΤΑΞΙΣ, ΜΑΧΗ

Etymology: The word ΠΑΡΑΤΑΞΙΣ is derived from the verb παρατάσσω (paratassō), meaning 'to arrange side by side' or 'to draw up in battle array'. It is a compound word formed from the preposition παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and τάσσω (tassō), meaning 'to arrange' or 'to order'.

G2868

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: koh-nee-OR-tos

Translations: dust, a dust, powder, a powder

Notes: This word refers to fine, dry particles of earth or other matter, often suspended in the air or lying on the ground. It is frequently used to describe the dust raised by walking or moving, or the fine powder resulting from the disintegration of something. It is a compound word formed from 'κονία' (konía), meaning 'dust' or 'ash', and 'ὄρνυμι' (órnymi), meaning 'to rouse' or 'to stir up', literally meaning 'stirred-up dust'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΟΝΙΑ, ΨΑΜΜΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΚΟΝΙΟΡΤΟΣ is a compound word derived from the Greek noun κονία (konía), meaning 'dust' or 'ash', and the verb ὄρνυμι (órnymi), meaning 'to rouse' or 'to stir up'. It literally means 'stirred-up dust'.

G3588, G189

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: TON-ah-KO-ohn

Translations: (of) the hearings, (of) the reports, (of) the things heard, (of) the ears, (of) the fame

Notes: This is a compound phrase consisting of the genitive plural definite article "the" (ΤΩΝ) and the genitive plural form of the noun ἀκοή (akoē), meaning "hearing," "report," "thing heard," or "ear." It refers to something belonging to or related to hearings, reports, or ears. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ἈΚΟΑΙ, ΦΗΜΑΙ, ΛΟΓΟΙ

G1943

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-peh-KRAH-tei

Translations: prevailed, was prevailing, gained control, was in control, was dominant

Notes: This word describes a state of prevailing, gaining control, or being dominant. It is often used to indicate that something or someone had power or influence over a situation or another entity. For example, 'the water prevailed' or 'the younger generation gained control'. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ΕΠΙ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'over', and the verb ΚΡΑΤΕΩ (krateo), meaning 'to be strong' or 'to rule'.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΚΡΑΤΕΩ, ΔΥΝΑΜΕΩ, ΚΥΡΙΕΥΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΠΙΚΡΑΤΕΩ is derived from the preposition ΕΠΙ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'over', and the verb ΚΡΑΤΕΩ (krateo), meaning 'to be strong, to rule, to hold power'. It signifies the exercise of power or dominion over something.

G3791

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: oo-deh-TEH-roh

Translations: (to) neither, (to) a neutral one, (to) neutral

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'neither' or 'neutral'. It is used to indicate one of two options, or to describe something that is not one thing or the other. It can refer to a person, thing, or concept that takes no side or is in the middle.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΔΕΙΣ, ΟΥ̓ΔΕΝ

Etymology: The word ΟΥ̓ΔΕΤΕΡΟΣ is a compound word formed from ΟΥ̓ΔΕ (oude), meaning 'not even, neither, nor', and ἙΤΕΡΟΣ (heteros), meaning 'other, another'. Thus, it literally means 'not even the other', conveying the sense of 'neither'.

G5039

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: tek-mee-RAH-sthai

Translations: to infer, to prove, to show, to demonstrate, to give proof

Notes: This word means to infer, to prove, or to demonstrate something. It implies drawing a conclusion or establishing a fact based on evidence or reasoning. It is often used in contexts where one is presenting proof or making a clear demonstration of a point.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΔΕΙΚΝΥΜΙ, ΑΠΟΔΕΙΚΝΥΜΙ, ΠΙΣΤΟΥΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΤΕΚΜΑΙΡΩ comes from the noun ΤΕΚΜΗΡΙΟΝ (tekmerion), meaning 'a sure sign, a proof, an evidence'.

G2189

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ekh-THRON

Translations: enemy, hostile, an enemy, a hostile one

Notes: This word appears to be a misspelling or a garbled form of 'ἐχθρόν' (echthron), which means 'enemy' or 'hostile'. The final 'ἠ' with a coronis is not a standard Koine Greek ending. It is possible that the 'ἠ' is a misrepresentation of a final nu (ν) or that the word is incomplete or corrupted. If it were 'ἐχθρόν', it would describe someone or something that is hostile or an enemy. It can be used as an adjective (e.g., 'a hostile act') or as a noun (e.g., 'the enemy').

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Neuter (if 'ἐχθρόν'); or Singular, Nominative/Accusative, Masculine/Feminine (if 'ἐχθρός' with a typo). The 'ἠ' ending is not standard for Koine Greek inflection.

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΕΜΙΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙΚΕΙΜΕΝΟΣ

G3887

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pa-ra-MEH-non-ton

Translations: of remaining, of abiding, of continuing, of those remaining, of those abiding, of those continuing

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'remaining', 'abiding', or 'continuing'. As a genitive plural, it often functions substantively, meaning 'of those who remain' or 'of those who continue'. It describes an ongoing action of staying or persisting in a place, state, or relationship.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΜΕΝΟΝΤΩΝ, ΕΠΙΜΕΝΟΝΤΩΝ

G5177

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-TOH-noh-sen

Translations: strengthened, made strong, invigorated, braced, tightened

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to strengthen' or 'to invigorate'. It describes the action of making something or someone stronger, more firm, or more resolute. It can be used in various contexts, such as strengthening a person's resolve, a physical structure, or a general condition.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΝΙΣΧΥΩ, ΚΡΑΤΥΝΩ, ΡΩΝΝΥΜΙ

Etymology: The word ΤΟΝΟΩ comes from the Greek word ΤΟΝΟΣ (tonos), meaning 'a stretching, tension, tone'.

G0094

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ahee-DOHS

Translations: shame, a sense of shame, modesty, reverence, awe, respect

Notes: This word refers to a sense of shame or modesty, often implying a feeling of reverence or awe towards something or someone. It can also denote respect. It describes an inner feeling that restrains one from improper actions, often out of regard for others or for what is right. For example, it might be used to describe the modesty of a woman or the respect a person shows towards a deity or an elder.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑἸΣΧΥΝΗ, ΕΥ̓ΛΑΒΕΙΑ, ΣΕΒΑΣ

Etymology: This word comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂eydʰ- meaning 'to burn, to shine'. It developed into the sense of 'shame' or 'reverence' in Greek, possibly through the idea of a 'blush' or a 'shining' quality associated with modesty or respect.

G4290

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pro-kin-dy-NEH-oo-on-tos

Translations: (of) risking oneself for, (of) exposing oneself to danger for, (of) venturing for

Notes: This word is a compound participle derived from 'πρό' (pro), meaning 'before' or 'for', and 'κινδυνεύω' (kindyneuō), meaning 'to be in danger' or 'to risk'. Therefore, it means 'to risk oneself for' or 'to expose oneself to danger for' someone or something. It describes someone who takes a risk or faces danger on behalf of another or for a cause.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΚΙΝΔΥΝΕΥΩ, ΤΟΛΜΑΩ, ΕΠΙΚΙΝΔΥΝΕΥΩ

Etymology: The verb προκινδυνεύω (prokindyneuō) is formed from the preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'for', and the verb κινδυνεύω (kindyneuō), meaning 'to be in danger' or 'to risk'.

G2541

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: KAI-sar-os

Translations: of Caesar

Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the proper noun 'Caesar'. It refers to the Roman emperor, or more generally, the imperial authority. In the New Testament, it often refers to the reigning emperor, such as Augustus or Tiberius, or the office itself.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: From Latin 'Caesar', originally a Roman family name, which became a title for the Roman emperors after Julius Caesar. The name's ultimate origin is uncertain, possibly from 'caesaries' (hair) or 'caesus' (cut).

G5236

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: hoo-per-bo-LAYN

Translations: excess, abundance, surpassing, preeminence, exceedingly, beyond measure

Notes: This word refers to an excess, an abundance, or something that goes beyond the usual measure. It is often used to describe something that is outstanding, preeminent, or exceedingly great. In context, it can function adverbially to mean 'exceedingly' or 'beyond measure'. It is a compound word formed from 'ὑπέρ' (hyper), meaning 'over' or 'beyond', and 'βολή' (bole), meaning 'a throwing' or 'a cast'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΣΣΕΙΑ, ΠΛΗΘΟΣ, ΥΠΕΡΕΧΗ

G5348

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: FTHA-san-tes

Translations: having arrived, having come, having reached, having attained, having anticipated

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'phthanō', meaning 'to arrive', 'to come', 'to reach', or 'to attain'. It describes an action that has been completed or a state that has been reached. It can also carry the sense of 'to anticipate' or 'to be first'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb in a sentence, indicating the circumstances or timing of an action.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΗΚΩ, ΦΘΑΝΩ

G0340

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-neh-KHO-ray-san

Translations: they withdrew, they departed, they went away, they retired

Notes: This word is the third person plural, aorist active indicative form of the verb ἀναχωρέω (anachōreō). It means to withdraw, depart, or go away, often implying a movement from one place to another, or a retreat. It can be used to describe people leaving a location, or retreating from a situation.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ἘΚΧΩΡΕΩ, ΦΕΥΓΩ

Etymology: The word ἀναχωρέω (anachōreō) is a compound word formed from the prefix ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'back', and the verb χωρέω (chōreō), meaning 'to make room, go, proceed'. Thus, it literally means 'to go back' or 'to make room away from'.

G4172

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: POH-lin

Translations: city, a city

Notes: The word 'πόλιν' is the accusative singular form of the noun 'πόλις', meaning 'city'. It refers to a populated place, typically larger than a village, with a defined administrative structure. As an accusative case, it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions, indicating the destination or the object being acted upon. For example, one might 'go into the city' or 'see the city'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The word 'πόλις' comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to a fortified place or citadel. It developed to mean a city-state in ancient Greece, encompassing both the physical settlement and its citizens.

G1311

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: dee-ef-thar-MEH-non

Translations: corrupted, destroyed, ruined, depraved, spoiled, defiled, of the corrupted, of the destroyed, of the ruined, of the depraved, of the spoiled, of the defiled

Notes: This word is a compound participle derived from the verb 'διαφθείρω' (diaphtheirō), meaning 'to destroy completely, corrupt, or ruin.' As a participle, it describes someone or something that has undergone this process. It can refer to physical destruction, moral corruption, or general ruin. In the provided examples, it describes people who are 'corrupted' or 'depraved,' and also 'destroyed' or 'ruined' embankments.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΛΥΜΕΝΩΝ, ΚΑΤΕΣΤΡΑΜΜΕΝΩΝ, ΔΙΑΛΕΛΥΜΕΝΩΝ

G4514, G3303

Part of Speech: Noun, Particle

Sounds like: roh-MAI-oy-men

Translations: Romans, indeed, on the one hand

Notes: This is a compound word formed by the noun 'ΡΩΜΑΙΟΙ' (Romans) and the particle 'ΜΕΝ' (indeed, on the one hand). The word 'ΡΩΜΑΙΟΙ' refers to the inhabitants of Rome or the Roman Empire. The particle 'ΜΕΝ' is often used to introduce a clause that contrasts with a following clause, or to emphasize a statement. In this context, it would mean 'the Romans indeed' or 'the Romans, on the one hand', often implying a 'but' or 'however' to follow.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine (for ΡΩΜΑΙΟΙ); Does not inflect (for ΜΕΝ)

Synonyms: ΡΩΜΑΙΟΙ, ΓΑΡ

G2873

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kah-MAH-ton

Translations: toil, a toil, labor, a labor, weariness, a weariness, trouble, a trouble

Notes: This word refers to hard work, physical exertion, or the resulting weariness and fatigue. It can also denote the trouble or distress caused by such effort. It is typically used to describe strenuous activity or the state of being exhausted from it.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΟΠΟΣ, ΜΟΧΘΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΜΑΤΟΣ is derived from the verb κάμνω (kamnō), meaning 'to work, to toil, to be weary'.

G0622

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ah-po-LEH-san-tes

Translations: having destroyed, having lost, having perished, having ruined, having killed

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ἀπόλλυμι', meaning 'to destroy', 'to lose', 'to ruin', or 'to kill'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. In the provided examples, it describes those who have lost something (their long labor) or those who have lost someone (their general). It implies a completed action with a resulting state of loss or destruction.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ΦΘΕΙΡΩ, ΔΙΑΦΘΕΙΡΩ

G3187

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: may-kha-NAIS

Translations: by devices, by machines, by contrivances, by engines, by plans, by schemes

Notes: This word refers to devices, machines, or contrivances, often implying ingenuity or skill in their construction or use. It can also refer to plans or schemes, especially those used to achieve a particular end. In the provided context, it likely refers to siege engines or other mechanical devices used in warfare. It is a plural form, indicating multiple such items.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΡΓΑΛΕΙΑ, ΟΡΓΑΝΑ, ΤΕΧΝΑΣΜΑΤΑ

G0680