2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: oh-khoo-ROH-meh-nee

Translations: fortified, a fortified, strengthened, made strong, secured

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been fortified' or 'made strong'. It describes something that has undergone the process of being made secure or strong, often referring to a city or place that has been built up with defenses. It functions like an adjective, describing a noun.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Singular, Feminine, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΤΕΤΕΙΧΙΣΜΕΝΗ, ΕΣΤΕΡΕΩΜΕΝΗ

Etymology: From the Greek word ὀχυρός (ochyros), meaning 'firm, strong, secure', which itself comes from ὄχος (ochos), meaning 'support, anything that holds fast'.

G3588, G3739, G2228

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G4172

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: POH-lis

Translations: city, a city, town, a town

Notes: The word 'polis' refers to a city or town, a populated center where people live and gather. In ancient contexts, it often implied a self-governing city-state, but in Koine Greek, it frequently refers simply to any significant urban settlement. It is used to denote the physical location and its inhabitants.

Inflection: Singular, Feminine, Nominative or Vocative

Synonyms: ΚΩΜΗ, ΧΩΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (to fill) or *pel- (to build, to enclose). It refers to a fortified place or a populated area.

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: kath

Translations: according to, down, against, throughout, during, by, for, with respect to, concerning

Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down' or 'according to'. It is commonly used as a prefix in compound words or as a preposition governing various cases. When used as a preposition, it can indicate movement downwards, distribution, opposition, or a standard of comparison. For example, 'καθ' ἕνα' means 'one by one', and 'καθά' means 'just as' or 'according as'. The elision (dropping of the final vowel) occurs before a word beginning with a vowel and a rough breathing mark.

Inflection: Does not inflect (it is an elided form of a preposition)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: The word 'κατά' (kata) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'down' or 'against'. It is a common preposition in ancient Greek, indicating various relationships of position, direction, or standard.

G3361

Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G0002

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-BAH-toyss

Translations: (to) impassable, (to) inaccessible, (to) untrodden

Notes: This word is a compound adjective, meaning 'impassable' or 'inaccessible'. It is formed from the negative prefix 'ἀ-' (a-) meaning 'not' and the root of 'βαίνω' (bainō) meaning 'to go'. It describes a place or path that cannot be traversed or entered. In this form, it is dative plural feminine, indicating 'to/for the impassable ones' or 'to/for impassable things' (referring to feminine nouns).

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΠΡΟΣΙΤΟΣ, ΑΔΙΕΞΟΔΟΣ

G2944

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: keh-KOO-kloh-toh

Translations: it had been encircled, it had been surrounded, it was encircled, it was surrounded

Notes: This word is the third person singular perfect passive indicative, imperative, or optative form of the verb κυκλόω (kykloō), meaning 'to encircle' or 'to surround'. In the perfect tense, it describes an action completed in the past with ongoing results in the present. As a passive verb, the subject is the one being acted upon. For example, 'the city had been surrounded'.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, 3rd Person Singular, Indicative or Imperative or Optative

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΚΥΚΛΟΩ, ΚΥΚΛΕΥΩ

Etymology: The word κυκλόω (kykloō) is derived from the Greek noun κύκλος (kyklos), meaning 'circle' or 'ring'.

G3778

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOW-tay

Translations: of this, to this, by this, with this, this

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the demonstrative pronoun 'οὗτος' (houtos), meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something specific that is near the speaker or has just been mentioned. As a feminine singular form, it can function as either a genitive case, indicating possession or origin (e.g., 'of this woman'), or a dative case, indicating indirect object or means (e.g., 'to this woman' or 'by means of this'). Its precise meaning depends on the context and the preposition it might be used with.

Inflection: Feminine, Singular, Genitive or Dative

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΗ, ΕΚΕΙΝΗ

Etymology: The word 'οὗτος' (houtos), from which 'ταύτῃ' is derived, is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek. It is believed to have originated from a combination of the definite article and a pronominal stem, indicating proximity or reference to something previously mentioned.

G1063

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G1519, G1520

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, toward, among, in, a, an, one

Notes: As a preposition, ΕΙΣ (eis) indicates motion or direction towards a place, person, or purpose, often translated as 'into,' 'to,' or 'for.' It always takes the accusative case. For example, 'into the house' or 'to God.' It can also be used to express purpose or result. As a numeral, ΕΙΣ (heis) means 'one' and is the masculine nominative singular form, often translated as 'a,' 'an,' or 'one.'

Inflection: Preposition: Does not inflect. Numeral: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (other forms exist for other genders and cases).

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en-s, an extended form of the preposition *en (in).

G4033

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: peh-REE-boh-los

Translations: enclosure, a wall, a fence, a surrounding wall, a court

Notes: This word refers to an enclosure, a surrounding wall, or a fence. It describes something that encircles or bounds an area, often for protection or definition. It can be used to refer to a physical barrier like a wall or a courtyard.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΤΕΙΧΟΣ, ΦΡΑΓΜΟΣ, ΑΥΛΗ

Etymology: From the Greek verb περιβάλλω (periballō), meaning 'to throw around, to surround, to encompass'. It combines περί (peri), meaning 'around', and βάλλω (ballō), meaning 'to throw'.

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TEH

Translations: she, herself, to her, for her, of her, her, it, itself, to it, for it, of it, its, they, them, themselves

Notes: This word is a form of the pronoun 'autos', meaning 'self' or 'same'. It can function as a personal pronoun (he, she, it, they), a reflexive pronoun (himself, herself, itself, themselves), or an intensive pronoun (the very, the same). Its specific meaning depends on its case, number, and gender, and the context of the sentence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine; or Singular, Dative, Feminine; or Singular, Genitive, Feminine; or Plural, Nominative, Neuter

Etymology: The word 'autos' (from which 'autē' is derived) comes from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ew-to-, a pronominal stem. It is related to other pronouns and demonstratives in various Indo-European languages.

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: men-yoo-PER

Translations: indeed, certainly, but, however, even, yet, moreover

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the particles 'μέν' (men) and 'ὑπέρ' (hyper). It functions as an emphatic particle, often translated as 'indeed' or 'certainly', adding emphasis to the preceding word or phrase. It can also serve as a conjunction, meaning 'but', 'however', 'even', or 'moreover', depending on the context, often introducing a contrast or an additional point. It is used to strengthen an assertion or to mark a transition.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΓΕ, ΔΗ, ΚΑΙ

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: an-tee-PRO-so-pos

Translations: representative, a representative, deputy, a deputy, proxy, a proxy

Notes: This is a compound word formed from ἀντί (anti), meaning 'instead of' or 'in place of', and πρόσωπος (prosōpos), meaning 'face' or 'person'. It refers to someone who acts in the place of another, serving as a representative or deputy. It can be used to describe a person who stands in for someone else, or something that is a substitute or equivalent.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ἈΝΤΙΔΙΚΟΣ, ἈΝΤΙΤΥΠΟΣ

Etymology: This word is a compound of the Greek preposition ἀντί (anti), meaning 'instead of' or 'in place of', and the noun πρόσωπος (prosōpos), meaning 'face' or 'person'.

G2936

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EK-tis-toh

Translations: was built, was created, was founded

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'was built' or 'was created'. It is the third person singular imperfect passive indicative form of the verb 'κτίζω' (ktizō), which means 'to build', 'to create', or 'to found'. The imperfect tense indicates a continuous or repeated action in the past. The passive voice means the subject is receiving the action, so something 'was being built' or 'was being created'.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Imperfect, Passive, Indicative

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΟΔΟΜΕΩ, ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ

G5327

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: fah-rang-GEE

Translations: to a ravine, in a ravine, to a valley, in a valley, a ravine, a valley, ravine, valley, gorge

Notes: This word refers to a deep valley, gorge, or ravine. It is often used to describe a natural geographical feature, such as a wadi or a chasm. In the provided context, it appears in the dative case, indicating location ('in the ravine') or direction ('to the ravine').

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΧΑΡΑΔΡΑ, ΚΟΙΛΑΔΑ

Etymology: The word ΦΑΡΑΓΞ (pharagx) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It refers to a chasm or ravine.

G1244

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: dee-ee-ray-MEH-non

Translations: of divided, of separated, of distributed, of those having been divided, of those having been separated

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been divided' or 'having been separated'. It describes something that has undergone a process of division or separation and is now in that state. It is often used to indicate a state of being split into parts or categories.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΜΕΡΙΣΘΕΝΤΩΝ, ΔΙΑΚΕΚΡΙΜΕΝΩΝ

G1519

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G1864

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ep-AL-lay-loy

Translations: successive, continuous, repeated, one after another

Notes: This word describes things that follow one another in a continuous or repeated sequence. It implies a series of events or actions that occur without interruption, or with very short intervals between them. For example, it could describe successive battles or continuous blows.

Inflection: Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΕΧΗΣ, ΔΙΑΔΟΧΙΚΟΣ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'in addition to', and ἄλληλος (allēlos), meaning 'one another'. Thus, it literally means 'upon one another', conveying the sense of succession or continuity.

G2643

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-TEH-lee-gon

Translations: they were ending, they were finishing, they were coming to an end, they were arriving, they were reaching

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to end, to finish, to come to an end, to arrive at, or to reach'. It is a compound word formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb λήγω (lego), meaning 'to cease' or 'to stop'. In this form, it describes an action that was ongoing or repeated in the past.

Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΠΑΥΩ, ΤΕΛΕΩ, ΦΘΑΝΩ

Etymology: The word καταλήγω (katalēgō) is a compound verb derived from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb λήγω (lēgō), meaning 'to cease' or 'to stop'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Interjection, Prefix, Numeral

Sounds like: AI

Translations: the, who, which, alas, oh, 11

Notes: The word 'ΑΙ' can function in several ways in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it is the feminine nominative plural form of the definite article, meaning 'the' (referring to multiple feminine nouns). It can also be the feminine nominative plural form of the relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which'. Less frequently, it can be an interjection expressing sorrow or pain, similar to 'alas' or 'oh'. It can also appear as a prefix in compound words. Additionally, 'ΑΙ' can represent the number 11 when used as a numerical symbol (alpha-iota). It is also possible for 'ΑΙ' to be an elision or contraction of other words, such as 'ἀεί' (always) or 'ἄγε' (come on!), though this is less common in the New Testament.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Plural (for article and pronoun); Does not inflect (for interjection, prefix, and numeral)

Etymology: The origin of 'ΑΙ' as a definite article and relative pronoun is from Proto-Indo-European. Its use as an interjection is onomatopoeic.

G1161

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G3303

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN

Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however

Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.

G0507

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: TEN AH-noh

Translations: up, above, upward, on high, up to

Notes: This word is a compound of the definite article 'τὴν' (tēn), meaning 'the', and the adverb 'ἄνω' (anō), meaning 'up' or 'above'. The combination 'τὴν ἄνω' is often used to mean 'the upper' or 'the region above', functioning adjectivally or adverbially to specify a higher location or direction. In the provided examples, it refers to a specific place or region that is 'above' or 'upper', such as 'the upper Idumaea' or 'the city above'. It is not a single word but a phrase treated as a unit.

Inflection: Feminine, Singular, Accusative (from the article) combined with an adverb. The adverb 'ἄνω' itself does not inflect.

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΕΠΑΝΩ, ΑΝΩΘΕΝ

Etymology: The word ἄνω (anō) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *an-, meaning 'on, upon'. The definite article τὴν (tēn) is from the Proto-Indo-European root *so-, *seh₂-, *to-.

G4172

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: POH-lin

Translations: city, a city

Notes: The word 'πόλιν' is the accusative singular form of the noun 'πόλις', meaning 'city'. It refers to a populated place, typically larger than a village, with a defined administrative structure. As an accusative case, it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions, indicating the destination or the object being acted upon. For example, one might 'go into the city' or 'see the city'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The word 'πόλις' comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to a fortified place or citadel. It developed to mean a city-state in ancient Greece, encompassing both the physical settlement and its citizens.

G2192

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: EKH-ohn

Translations: having, holding, possessing, being in possession of

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. As a participle, it functions like a verbal adjective, describing someone or something that is in the act of having or holding something. It can be translated as 'having' or 'one who has', and often introduces a clause explaining what someone possesses or is doing.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΚΕΚΤΗΜΕΝΟΣ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩΝ

Etymology: The verb ἔχω (echō) comes from Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ- ('to hold, to have'). It is a common verb in ancient Greek, with a wide range of meanings related to possession, state, and action.

G5037

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle

Sounds like: TEH

Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: pol-LOH

Translations: much, many, great, a great deal, by much, by a great deal, greatly, often, frequently

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the adjective 'much' or 'many'. As an adjective, it describes a large quantity or number. For example, it could mean 'many people' or 'much water'. When used adverbially, it means 'by much' or 'greatly', indicating a significant degree or frequency, such as 'much more' or 'often'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter; or Adverbial Dative

Synonyms: ΠΛΕΙΩΝ, ΙΚΑΝΟΣ, ΜΕΓΑΣ

G2532

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: dee-AH

Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G1161

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: goon

Translations: then, therefore, accordingly, at least, at any rate

Notes: This word is an inferential particle used to draw a conclusion or consequence from what has just been said. It often introduces a statement that follows logically from the preceding one, indicating a result or a summary. It can also be used to emphasize a point, meaning 'at least' or 'at any rate'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΡΑ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be a strengthened form of the particle 'γε' (ge).

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: okh-yoo-ROH-tah-tah

Translations: strength, a strength, security, a security, firmness, a firmness, stronghold, a stronghold, fortification, a fortification

Notes: This word refers to the quality of being strong, secure, or fortified. It describes the state of a place or structure that is difficult to attack or overcome, emphasizing its defensive capabilities or inherent stability. It can be used to describe the strength of a building, a defensive position, or even a concept like security.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ὈΧΥΡΩΜΑ, ἈΣΦΑΛΕΙΑ, ΚΡΑΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'ὈΧΥΡΟΤΗΤΑ' is derived from the adjective 'ὈΧΥΡΟΣ' (ochyros), meaning 'firm, strong, secure'. It is formed by adding the suffix '-της' (-tēs), which denotes a quality or state, to the root adjective.

G5432

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: froo-REE-on

Translations: fortress, a fortress, stronghold, a stronghold, garrison, a garrison

Notes: This word refers to a fortified place, such as a fortress, stronghold, or a place where a military garrison is stationed. It is used to describe a secure and defensible structure, often built for protection or as a military base.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΧΥΡΩΜΑ, ΠΥΡΓΟΣ, ΤΕΙΧΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb φρουρέω (phroureō), meaning 'to guard, to watch over', which itself comes from φύλαξ (phylax), meaning 'a guard'. Thus, it denotes a place that is guarded or watched over.

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-POH

Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G0935, G2564

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: bah-see-LEH-ohs-eh-KAH-lay-toh

Translations: it was called of the king, it was called the king's, it was named of the king, it was named the king's

Notes: This is a compound word formed by combining the genitive singular of 'βασιλεύς' (king) and the imperfect passive indicative of 'καλέω' (to call/to be called). It means 'it was called of the king' or 'it was called the king's', indicating something belonged to or was named after the king.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Imperfect, Passive, Indicative (from καλέω); Genitive Singular (from βασιλεύς)

G3778

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: OO-tos

Translations: this, that, he, she, it, these, those, this one, that one

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something or someone that is near, or has just been mentioned. It can function as a substantive (e.g., 'he', 'she', 'it', 'this one') or as an adjective modifying a noun (e.g., 'this man', 'these things'). It often refers to something immediately present or recently discussed in the discourse.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΔΕ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be an ancient demonstrative pronoun in Greek, possibly related to other Indo-European demonstratives.

G4413

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: PRO-ton

Translations: first, foremost, chief, principal, a first thing, before, at the first, in the first place

Notes: This word means 'first' in terms of order, time, importance, or rank. As an adjective, it describes something as being the first of its kind or in a sequence. As an adverb, it indicates something happening initially or in the first instance. It can also refer to the chief or most important person or thing.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΗ, ΠΡΩΤΙΣΤΟΣ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'πρῶτος' (prōtos) is a superlative form derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pro- meaning 'forward, before'. It is related to the Greek preposition 'πρό' (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of'.

G2936

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ktih-SAN-tos

Translations: of the one who created, of the one who founded, of the one who built, of the one who formed

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ktizō', meaning 'to create', 'to found', or 'to build'. It describes the action of someone who has created or established something. As a genitive masculine singular participle, it typically functions like an adjective or noun in a sentence, often translated as 'of the one who created' or 'of the creator'. It is used to refer to the agent of creation or establishment.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Genitive

Synonyms: ΔΗΜΙΟΥΡΓΟΥΝΤΟΣ, ΠΟΙΟΥΝΤΟΣ, ΚΑΤΑΣΚΕΥΑΖΟΝΤΟΣ

G0058

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-go-RAH

Translations: marketplace, a marketplace, market, a market, public square, a public square

Notes: This word refers to a public place, typically an open space in a city or town, used for assemblies, public discussions, and especially for buying and selling goods. It can be translated as 'marketplace' or 'public square'. In ancient Greek cities, the agora was a central hub of social and commercial activity.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΛΑΤΕΙΑ, ἘΜΠΟΡΙΟΝ

Etymology: From the verb ἀγείρω (ageirō), meaning 'to gather' or 'to assemble'. The noun refers to a place where people gather.

G4314

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G2087

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: EH-teh-ross

Translations: other, another, different, a different

Notes: This word refers to something that is 'other' or 'different' from what has already been mentioned or is currently being discussed. It implies a distinction in kind or quality, rather than just a numerical difference. It is often used to introduce a second item that is distinct from the first. For example, 'another man' would imply a different kind of man, or a man from a different group, rather than just a second man of the same kind.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΕΤΕΡΟΣ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'other, different'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey a similar sense of distinctness or otherness.

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ka-LOO-meh-nos

Translations: called, being called, named, who is called, who is named

Notes: This word is a present passive participle of the verb 'καλέω' (kaleō), meaning 'to call' or 'to name'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, describing someone or something that is being called or named. It can be translated as 'the one who is called' or simply 'called' or 'named'. It often introduces a descriptive phrase about a person or thing.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΟΝΟΜΑΖΟΜΕΝΟΣ, ΠΡΟΣΑΓΟΡΕΥΟΜΕΝΟΣ

G5286

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: hoo-fess-TOSS

Translations: standing under, existing, subsisting, being, a standing under, an existing

Notes: This word is the perfect active participle of the verb ὑφίστημι (hyphistēmi), meaning 'to stand under' or 'to exist'. As a participle, it describes someone or something that has taken a stand or has come into existence, emphasizing a current state resulting from a past action. It can function adjectivally, describing a noun, or substantively, acting as a noun itself.

Inflection: Perfect Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΩΝ, ΓΕΓΟΝΩΣ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩΝ

G0296

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: am-fee-KOOR-tos

Translations: curved on both sides, convex, concave, bulging, rounded

Notes: This is a compound adjective formed from ἀμφί (amphi), meaning 'on both sides' or 'around', and κυρτός (kyrtos), meaning 'curved' or 'bent'. It describes something that is curved or bulging on both sides, or all around, such as a hill or a shield. It can refer to shapes that are convex or concave depending on the context.

Inflection: Nominative, Singular, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΥΡΤΟΣ, ΣΤΡΟΓΓΥΛΟΣ

Etymology: From ἀμφί (amphi, 'on both sides, around') and κυρτός (kyrtos, 'curved, bent'), which comes from κύρω (kyrō, 'to bend, to curve').

G0473

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: an-TEE-kroos

Translations: opposite, directly opposite, over against, in front of, face to face

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning "opposite," "directly opposite," or "face to face." It is used to indicate a position or direction that is directly across from something or someone. It can also imply a direct confrontation or encounter.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἈΠΕΝΑΝΤΙ, ΚΑΤΕΝΑΝΤΙ

Etymology: From ἀντί (anti, "against") and κρύπτω (kruptō, "to hide"), implying a position that is not hidden but directly visible or opposite.

G3079

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: LOH-fos

Translations: hill, a hill, crest, a crest, ridge, a ridge

Notes: This word refers to a hill, a crest, or a ridge, typically a small elevation of land. It can also refer to the crest of a helmet or a plume. It is used to describe geographical features or parts of objects that rise above the main body.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΒΟΥΝΟΣ, ΟΡΟΣ

Etymology: The etymology of 'λόφος' is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the Proto-Indo-European root *leup- meaning 'to peel, to break off'. It originally referred to a crest or tuft, and later extended to mean a hill or ridge.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G0206

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: AH-kras

Translations: top, highest, extreme, outermost, tip, summit, edge, end, a top, an edge

Notes: This word describes something that is at the very top, highest point, or extreme edge. It can refer to the tip of an object, the summit of a mountain, or the outermost part of something. It is often used to denote the extreme or ultimate degree of something.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΚΡΟΝ, ΚΟΡΥΦΗ

Etymology: From the Greek word 'ἀκή' (akē), meaning 'a point' or 'edge'. It refers to the extreme point or summit of something.

G5325, G1402

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: fah-rang-gee-dee-EER-goh-meh-nos

Translations: confined by a ravine, shut in by a ravine, hindered by a ravine

Notes: This is a compound word formed from 'pharanx' (ravine, chasm) and 'eirgō' (to shut in, confine, hinder). It describes something or someone that is confined, shut in, or hindered by a ravine or chasm. It is used to indicate a state of being enclosed or restricted by such a geographical feature.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Present, Middle/Passive

Synonyms: ΚΩΛΥΟΜΕΝΟΣ, ΠΕΡΙΟΡΙΖΟΜΕΝΟΣ

G240

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: AL-lay

Translations: another, other, a different one

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the adjective 'ἈΛΛΟΣ', meaning 'another' or 'other'. It is used to refer to a distinct or different entity from one already mentioned or implied. In the provided examples, it appears as part of the reciprocal pronoun 'ἀλλήλων' (one another), but 'ἈΛΛΗ' itself, when standing alone, refers to a feminine singular 'other' or 'another'.

Inflection: Singular, Feminine, Nominative or Vocative or Dative

Synonyms: ἙΤΕΡΟΣ

G4387

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: PRO-teh-ron

Translations: before, formerly, first, earlier, a former thing, a prior thing

Notes: This word functions primarily as an adverb meaning 'before' or 'formerly' in time, indicating something that happened earlier or previously. It can also be the neuter singular form of the comparative adjective 'πρότερος', meaning 'prior' or 'former', often used substantively to refer to 'the former thing' or 'that which was before'. It is used to contrast with something that comes later.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (often used adverbially)

Synonyms: ΠΡΙΝ, ΠΑΛΑΙ, ΕΜΠΡΟΣΘΕΝ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ is a comparative form derived from the preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of'.

G0861

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: OW-this

Translations: again, anew, back, once more, furthermore, on the other hand

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'again' or 'anew'. It is used to indicate a repetition of an action or a return to a previous state or place. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a contrasting idea, similar to 'furthermore' or 'on the other hand'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΑΛΙΝ, ἘΤΙ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek αὖθις (authis), meaning 'again', 'back again'. It is related to αὖ (au), meaning 'again', 'furthermore'.

G3376, G3378

Part of Speech: Noun, Adverb

Sounds like: MAYN

Translations: month, a month, surely, indeed, truly, certainly

Notes: This word has two primary meanings in Koine Greek. As a noun (G3378), it refers to a 'month', a period of time. As an adverb (G3376), it functions as an emphatic particle, meaning 'surely', 'indeed', 'truly', or 'certainly', often used to confirm or emphasize a statement. It can also be used in questions to expect a positive answer.

Inflection: Noun: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, Dative; Adverb: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΤΟΣ, ΑΛΗΘΩΣ, ΟΝΤΩΣ

Etymology: The noun 'ΜΗΝ' (month) comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to the moon and its cycle. The adverb 'ΜΗΝ' (surely) is also of uncertain but ancient origin, possibly related to particles of affirmation.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G0936

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-bah-see-LEH-oo-on

Translations: I was reigning, I was ruling, they were reigning, they were ruling, to reign, to rule as king

Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'basileuō', meaning 'to reign' or 'to rule as king'. The imperfect tense describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past. Therefore, 'ebasileuon' can mean 'I was reigning' (first person singular) or 'they were reigning' (third person plural), depending on the context. It describes a continuous state of kingship or rule in the past.

Inflection: Imperfect Active Indicative, 1st Person Singular or 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩ, ΚΡΑΤΕΩ, ΔΥΝΑΣΤΕΥΩ

Etymology: The word 'basileuō' is derived from 'basileus' (βασιλεύς), meaning 'king'. It describes the action of being a king or exercising royal authority.

G4863

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soo-NAP-sai

Translations: to join, to unite, to connect, to bring together, to engage in battle

Notes: This word means to join or unite things together. It can refer to physically connecting objects, or more abstractly, to bringing people or groups together. In a military context, it is often used to describe engaging in battle or joining forces.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΔΕΩ, ΣΥΝΕΧΩ, ΣΥΝΙΣΤΗΜΙ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek σύν (syn, “with, together”) and ἅπτω (haptō, “to fasten, to join”).

G1014

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: boo-LOH-meh-noy

Translations: wishing, desiring, intending, purposing, wanting, willing

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'βούλομαι', meaning 'to wish' or 'to desire'. It describes someone who is in the act of wishing, desiring, or intending something. It often indicates a deliberate or considered desire, as opposed to a spontaneous one. It can be used to describe the subject of a sentence who is performing an action out of a particular will or intention.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive Voice, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΘΕΛΟΝΤΕΣ, ΕΠΙΘΥΜΟΥΝΤΕΣ

G2413, G2411

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ee-eh-ROH

Translations: holy, sacred, temple, a temple, sacred place, a sacred place, (to) a temple, (to) a sacred place

Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'holy' or 'sacred', or as a noun meaning 'temple' or 'sacred place'. When used as a noun, it refers to a sacred building or area, often specifically the Temple in Jerusalem. As an adjective, it describes something set apart for God or dedicated to religious purposes. In the provided form, it is in the dative case, indicating 'to' or 'for' a holy thing or place.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΓΙΟΣ, ΝΑΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἱερός (hieros) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to sacrifice, to consecrate'. It is related to words signifying 'sacred' or 'holy' in various Indo-European languages.

G2716

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: kah-ter-gah-SAH-meh-noy

Translations: having worked out, having accomplished, having performed, having produced, having achieved, having brought about

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata, meaning 'down' or 'against') and the verb ἐργάζομαι (ergazomai, meaning 'to work' or 'to labor'). It signifies the completion or full execution of an action, often implying a thorough or effective working out of something. It can be used to describe the act of bringing something to completion, accomplishing a task, or producing a result.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΤΕΛΕΩ

G5534

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: khtha-ma-LOH-teh-ron

Translations: lower, more lowly, more humble, more abased

Notes: This word is the comparative form of the adjective 'χθαμαλός' (chthamalos), meaning 'low' or 'lowly'. As a comparative, it indicates a greater degree of the quality, thus 'lower' or 'more lowly'. It describes something that is situated at a lower level or is more humble in status. It is used to compare two things, indicating one is lower than the other.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative, Comparative Degree

Synonyms: ΤΑΠΕΙΝΟΤΕΡΟΝ, ΚΑΤΩΤΕΡΟΝ

G5613

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G5316

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-per-FEYE-noy-toh

Translations: it might appear above, it might shine above, it might be shown above, it might be revealed above

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from 'ὑπέρ' (hyper), meaning 'over' or 'above', and 'φαίνω' (phaino), meaning 'to shine', 'to appear', or 'to show'. The combined meaning is 'to appear above', 'to shine above', or 'to be shown above'. It describes something that becomes visible or prominent from a higher position or in a superior way. It is used to indicate that something might become visible or manifest itself from a position of being above or superior.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Optative, Middle Voice, Present Tense

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΦΑΙΝΩ, ΕΠΙΦΑΙΝΩ

G2413

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ee-eh-RON

Translations: sacred, holy, consecrated, a sacred place, a temple, temple

Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'sacred,' 'holy,' or 'consecrated.' When used as a noun, it refers to a 'sacred place' or, more specifically, a 'temple.' It describes something set apart for religious purposes or dedicated to a deity.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΓΙΟΣ, ΝΑΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΙΕΡΟΣ (hieros) comes from a pre-Greek substrate word, possibly related to the concept of 'strength' or 'power,' which became associated with divine power and sacredness.

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: too-roh-poy-OHN

Translations: of cheesemakers, of the cheesemakers

Notes: This word refers to those who make cheese. It is used here in the genitive plural, indicating possession or origin, often translated as 'of cheesemakers' or 'belonging to cheesemakers'. It is a compound word formed from 'τυρός' (cheese) and 'ποιέω' (to make).

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: The word ΤΥΡΟΠΟΙΟΣ is a compound of two Greek words: ΤΥΡΟΣ (tyros), meaning 'cheese', and ΠΟΙΕΩ (poieō), meaning 'to make' or 'to do'.

G4377

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pros-ah-go-REH-oo-meh-nee

Translations: called, named, addressed, saluted, proclaimed

Notes: This word is a present passive participle of the verb 'prosagoreuō', meaning 'to call by name', 'to address', or 'to salute'. In this form, it describes something or someone that is being called or named. It is often used to refer to a place or person that is 'called' or 'named' a certain way.

Inflection: Singular, Present, Passive, Feminine, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΟΥΜΕΝΗ, ΟΝΟΜΑΖΟΜΕΝΗ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek 'πρός' (pros, 'to, toward') and 'ἀγορεύω' (agoreuō, 'to speak in the assembly, to proclaim'). The combination implies speaking to or addressing someone, or proclaiming something to them.

G0507, G3588

Part of Speech: Adverb, Article

Sounds like: TAYS-AH-noh

Translations: of the upper, of the things above, of the upward

Notes: This is a compound phrase consisting of the genitive singular feminine definite article 'ΤΗΣ' (of the) and the adverb 'ἈΝΩ' (up, above, upward). Together, they refer to something that is 'of the upper' or 'of the things above'. It is often used to describe a location or concept that is higher or superior, such as 'the upper city' or 'heavenly things'.

Inflection: Genitive, Singular, Feminine (for ΤΗΣ); Does not inflect (for ἈΝΩ)

G3032

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: LOH-fon

Translations: hill, a hill, crest, a crest, ridge, a ridge

Notes: This word refers to a hill, a crest, or a ridge, often used to describe a raised piece of land. It can also refer to the crest of a helmet or a plume. In a sentence, it would typically function as the object of a verb or preposition, indicating the place or thing being acted upon.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΒΟΥΝΟΣ, ΟΡΟΣ

Etymology: The origin of the word 'λόφος' is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the idea of something raised or elevated.

G1291

Part of Speech: Infinitive Verb

Sounds like: dee-ah-STEL-leen

Translations: to distinguish, to separate, to command, to give orders, to make a distinction

Notes: This is the present active infinitive form of the verb. It is a compound word formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and the verb στέλλω (stello), meaning 'to send' or 'to arrange'. Therefore, it generally means to send apart, to separate, or to make a distinction between things. It can also imply giving a command or instruction, thereby setting something apart or arranging it in a specific way.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΧΩΡΙΖΕΙΝ, ΔΙΑΚΡΙΝΕΙΝ, ΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΤΕΙΝ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and the verb στέλλω (stello), meaning 'to send' or 'to arrange'.

G2520

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ka-THEE-kee

Translations: it is proper, it is fitting, it is right, it is due, it is appropriate

Notes: This word means 'it is proper' or 'it is fitting'. It is an impersonal verb, meaning it is typically used in the third person singular and refers to what is appropriate or due. It describes what ought to be done or what is suitable in a given situation.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Singular, Impersonal

Synonyms: ΠΡΕΠΕΙ, ΕΞΕΣΤΙ

Etymology: The word καθήκω (kathēkō) is a compound word formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'according to', and the verb ἥκω (hēkō), meaning 'to have come' or 'to have arrived'. Together, they convey the sense of something having come down to a proper or fitting state.

G3360

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEKH-ree

Translations: until, up to, as far as, even to, while, during

Notes: This word indicates a point in time or space that is reached, meaning 'until' or 'up to'. As a preposition, it takes the genitive case and specifies the limit of an action or state. As an adverb, it can modify verbs or clauses, indicating duration or extent. As a conjunction, it introduces a temporal clause, meaning 'while' or 'until'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΩΣ, ΑΧΡΙ

Etymology: From an assumed base *mekh-, perhaps related to μέγας (megas, “great”) or μήκος (mēkos, “length”). It denotes a limit or extent.

G3779

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: OO-toh

Translations: thus, so, in this way, in like manner

Notes: This word is an adverb of manner, indicating how something is done or the way in which something occurs. It can also refer to the extent or degree of something. It is often used to introduce a consequence or a comparison, meaning 'in this way' or 'thus'. It is an older form of ΟΥΤΩΣ, and both forms are used interchangeably in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥΤΩΣ, ΩΣ

Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos, 'this'). It indicates 'in this manner' or 'thus', referring back to something previously mentioned or implied.

G4077

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pay-GAYN

Translations: spring, a spring, fountain, a fountain, well, a well, source, a source

Notes: This word refers to a natural source of water, such as a spring or a fountain. It can also be used metaphorically to denote the origin or source of something, like wisdom or life. It is typically used in sentences to indicate the place from which something originates or flows.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΡΗΝΗ, ΠΟΤΑΜΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'ΠΗΓΗ' is of uncertain origin, possibly related to a root meaning 'to gush' or 'to flow'.

G1510

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: OO-san

Translations: being, existing, that is, that exists

Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'to be'. As a participle, it describes something that is 'being' or 'existing' at the time of the action. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun, or can be used substantively (as a noun). In this form, it is feminine, singular, and in the accusative case, meaning it would be the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition, referring to a feminine noun.

Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Feminine, Present, Active, Participle

Etymology: The verb ΕἸΜΙ (eimi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to be' or 'to exist'. It is one of the most fundamental verbs in the Greek language.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-kah-LOO-men

Translations: we were calling, we called, we used to call, we invited, we summoned

Notes: This is the first person plural imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'καλέω' (kaleō), meaning 'to call' or 'to invite'. The imperfect tense describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, or an action that was attempted but not completed. So, 'ἘΚΑΛΟΥΜΕΝ' means 'we were calling' or 'we used to call', indicating a continuous or habitual action in the past.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Plural

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΚΑΛΕΩ, ΚΕΛΕΥΩ, ΟΝΟΜΑΖΩ

G4023

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-ree-EYE-khon-toh

Translations: they were surrounded, they were contained, they were held, they were encompassed, they were occupied, they were seized

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to surround', 'to encompass', 'to contain', 'to hold', or 'to occupy'. In the provided context, it describes something being surrounded or held by something else. It can also mean to seize or take possession of something. The form given is in the imperfect tense, indicating an ongoing or repeated action in the past.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Indicative, Middle/Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΚΥΚΛΟΩ, ΠΕΡΙΚΥΚΛΟΩ, ΚΡΑΤΕΩ

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G1538

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: eh-kah-teh-ROH-then

Translations: on both sides, from both sides, on every side

Notes: This word is an adverb indicating location or direction from two or more sides. It is used to describe something that is present or occurring on either side of a central point, or from multiple directions. For example, one might say that a crowd gathered 'on both sides' of a road.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: This word is derived from the Greek word 'ἑκάτερος' (hekateros), meaning 'each of two', combined with the suffix '-θεν' (-then), which indicates origin or direction 'from'.

G2912

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KREM-noos

Translations: cliffs, precipices, steep places

Notes: This word refers to a steep, rocky place, a cliff, or a precipice. It describes a dangerous, abrupt drop in terrain. In the provided context, it indicates that the city was inaccessible from certain directions due to the presence of these steep cliffs.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΡΗΜΝΟΣ, ΚΡΗΜΝΩΔΗΣ, ΒΑΡΑΘΡΟΝ

Etymology: The word ΚΡΗΜΝΟΣ is derived from the verb κρεμάννυμι (kremannymi), meaning 'to hang' or 'to suspend'. It refers to something that is hanging over or suspended, thus leading to the meaning of a steep drop or cliff.

G3761

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: oo-DAH-mo-then

Translations: from nowhere, from no place, by no means, not at all

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'from nowhere' or 'from no place'. It can also be used to mean 'by no means' or 'not at all', emphasizing a complete absence or impossibility. It indicates that something does not originate from any source or that an action cannot be performed in any way.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΔΑΜΩΣ, ΟΥ̓ΔΕΠΩΣ

Etymology: This word is a compound of the negative particle ΟΥ̓ΔΕ (oude, 'not even') and the adverb ΑΜΟΘΕΝ (amóthen, 'from somewhere').

G0744

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ar-KHAH-ee-on

Translations: ancient, old, former, an ancient thing, an old thing

Notes: This word describes something that is old, from a long time ago, or original. It refers to things that existed in the past or are of long standing. It can be used to describe people, objects, or concepts that are not new.

Inflection: Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Singular, Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΑΛΑΙΟΣ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From the Greek word ἀρχή (archē), meaning 'beginning' or 'first cause', combined with the suffix -αῖος (-aios) which forms adjectives indicating origin or belonging. Thus, it refers to something pertaining to the beginning or ancient times.

G5325, G2532

Part of Speech: Noun, Conjunction

Sounds like: fah-RANG-gas-kai

Translations: ravines and, gorges and, valleys and

Notes: This is a compound phrase formed by the noun 'φάραγξ' (pharanx), meaning 'ravine' or 'gorge', and the conjunction 'καί' (kai), meaning 'and'. The form 'φαράγγας' is the accusative plural of 'φάραγξ'. Therefore, the phrase means 'ravines and' or 'gorges and', indicating multiple ravines or gorges followed by something else.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine (for ΦΑΡΑΓΓΑΣ); Does not inflect (for ΚΑΙ)

Synonyms: ΧΑΡΑΔΡΑΣ, ΒΑΘΗ

G5228

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-PER

Translations: over, above, for, on behalf of, concerning, beyond, more than

Notes: ΥΠΕΡ is a Koine Greek preposition. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often means 'on behalf of', 'for the sake of', 'concerning', or 'instead of'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'over', 'above', 'beyond', or 'more than', often indicating position or motion.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΙ, ΠΕΡΙ, ΑΝΤΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *uperi, meaning 'over, above'. It is cognate with English 'over' and Latin 'super'.

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: EHF

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, because of, with, by

Notes: This word is an elided form of the Greek preposition ἘΠΊ (epi), which means 'on,' 'upon,' or 'over.' The final vowel of ἘΠΊ is dropped before a word beginning with a vowel, especially a rough breathing mark, resulting in ἘΦ. Its precise meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it means 'on' or 'upon' (of place or time); with the dative, it means 'on,' 'at,' 'by,' or 'for' (of position or cause); and with the accusative, it means 'on,' 'to,' 'against,' or 'over' (of motion or purpose). It is also commonly used as a prefix in compound words.

Inflection: Does not inflect; it is an elided form of the preposition ἘΠΊ. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs (Genitive, Dative, or Accusative).

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.

G3756, G3757

Part of Speech: Adverb, Relative Adverb, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OO

Translations: not, no, where, of whom, of which, when

Notes: This word, written without diacritics, can represent at least two distinct Koine Greek words. It most commonly functions as a negative particle (οὐ), meaning 'not' or 'no', used to express a direct and objective negation. It can also function as a relative adverb (οὗ), meaning 'where' or 'when', indicating place or time, or as a relative genitive pronoun, meaning 'of whom' or 'of which'. The precise meaning depends on the context and the original diacritics.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a particle/adverb); Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter (as a relative pronoun)

Synonyms: ΜΗ, ΟΠΟΥ

Etymology: The negative particle οὐ (ou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ne, meaning 'not'. The relative adverb/pronoun οὗ (hou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-, a pronominal stem.

G2680

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tes-keh-YAH-stoh

Translations: was prepared, had been prepared, was constructed, had been constructed, was built, had been built, was made ready, had been made ready

Notes: This word is a compound verb, meaning 'to prepare thoroughly,' 'to construct,' or 'to build.' It describes something that has been made ready or put in order. It is often used in the context of building structures, making arrangements, or equipping something for a specific purpose.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Pluperfect, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΟΔΟΜΕΩ, ΕΤΟΙΜΑΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΣΚΕΥΑΖΩ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΑΣΚΕΥΑΖΩ is formed from the prefix ΚΑΤΑ (KATA), meaning 'down' or 'thoroughly,' and the verb ΣΚΕΥΑΖΩ (SKEUAZO), meaning 'to prepare' or 'to make ready.'

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: doo-sah-LOH-ton

Translations: hard to capture, impregnable, difficult to take, a hard-to-capture thing

Notes: This word is a compound adjective meaning 'hard to capture' or 'impregnable'. It is used to describe places, structures, or even people that are difficult to overcome or conquer. It combines the prefix 'δυσ-' (dys-), meaning 'difficult' or 'bad', with 'ἁλωτός' (halōtos), meaning 'capturable' or 'vulnerable'. Thus, it literally means 'difficult to be captured'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΠΡΟΣΜΑΧΟΝ, ΑΝΕΠΙΒΑΤΟΝ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the prefix ΔΥΣ- (dys-), meaning 'difficult' or 'bad', and the adjective ΑΛΩΤΟΣ (halōtos), meaning 'capturable' or 'vulnerable', which comes from the verb ἁλίσκομαι (haliskomai), 'to be captured'.

G3618

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-deh-DOH-mee-toh

Translations: it had been built, it had been founded, it had been established

Notes: This word is a verb in the pluperfect passive indicative, third person singular. It means 'it had been built' or 'it had been founded'. It describes an action that was completed in the past before another past action, and the subject of the verb is the one being acted upon (it was built). It is used to describe structures or foundations that were already in place.

Inflection: Singular, Third Person, Pluperfect, Passive, Indicative

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΟΔΟΜΕΩ, ΚΤΙΖΩ, ΘΕΜΕΛΙΟΩ

Etymology: The word ΔΟΜΕΩ comes from the noun ΔΟΜΟΣ (domos), meaning 'house' or 'building', which itself is derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dem- meaning 'to build, to put together'.

G3342

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: meh-TAHK-soo

Translations: between, among, while, meanwhile

Notes: This word functions as a preposition or an adverb. As a preposition, it means 'between' or 'among', indicating a position or relationship between two or more things or people. It can also be used adverbially to mean 'in the meantime' or 'while'. For example, it can describe something located spatially between two points, or an event occurring temporally between two other events.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΝ ΜΕΣΩ, ΜΕΣΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΜΕΤΑΞΥ is of uncertain origin, possibly related to μέσος (mesos, 'middle') or a compound involving μετά (meta, 'with, among').

G0935, G5389

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: bah-see-leh-OHN-fee-loh-tee-may-THEN-tohn

Translations: of kings who have been honored, of kings who have shown zeal, of kings who have been ambitious

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the genitive plural of 'ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ' (king) and the genitive plural aorist passive participle of 'ΦΙΛΟΤΙΜΕΩ' (to honor, to show zeal, to be ambitious). It describes something belonging to or related to kings who have either been honored or who have themselves shown great zeal or ambition. It functions as an adjective modifying a noun in the genitive case.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter, Aorist, Passive, Participle

G4012

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

G2041

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ER-gon

Translations: work, a work, deed, act, task, business

Notes: This word refers to a work, deed, or action. It can describe anything that is done, whether it's a physical labor, a moral act, or a task to be accomplished. It is often used to denote the result of an action or the activity itself.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΞΙΣ, ΔΟΥΛΕΙΑ, ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑ

Etymology: The word 'ergon' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *werǵ-, meaning 'to do' or 'to work'. It is related to English words like 'work' and 'energy'.

G0757

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ar-KHO-me-non

Translations: beginning, starting, a beginning, that which is beginning

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle derived from the verb 'ΑΡΧΩ', meaning 'to begin' or 'to rule'. As a participle, it describes something that is in the process of beginning or being begun. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or adverbially, describing the manner of an action.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter, Present, Middle or Passive

Synonyms: ΕΝΑΡΧΟΜΕΝΟΝ, ΚΑΤΑΡΧΟΜΕΝΟΝ

Etymology: The word 'ΑΡΧΩ' comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to begin' or 'to lead'. It is related to the noun 'ΑΡΧΗ' (arche), meaning 'beginning' or 'rule'.

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

G0575, G3588

Part of Speech: Preposition, Article

Sounds like: ah-POH-too

Translations: from the, away from the

Notes: This is a compound phrase formed by the preposition 'ἀπό' (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the genitive singular masculine or neuter definite article 'τοῦ' (tou), meaning 'the'. It indicates separation, origin, or distance from a specific person, place, or thing. It is used to show the source or point of departure.

Inflection: Preposition (does not inflect), Article (Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter)

Synonyms: ΕΚΤΟΥ, ΠΑΡΑΤΟΥ

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ka-loo-MEH-noo

Translations: called, named, a called, a named, of the called, of the named

Notes: This word is a present passive participle of the verb 'to call' or 'to name'. It describes someone or something that is being called or named. It often functions like an adjective, modifying a noun and indicating that the noun is known by a particular name or title. For example, 'the river called Eleutheros' or 'the place named Gilgal'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Present, Passive

Synonyms: ΟΝΟΜΑΖΟΜΕΝΟΥ, ΛΕΓΟΜΕΝΟΥ

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to

Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.

G3586

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: KSOO-ston

Translations: polished, smooth, scraped, shaved, a javelin, a spear, a portico, a covered walk

Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'polished,' 'smooth,' 'scraped,' or 'shaved.' It describes something that has been made smooth or refined. As a noun, it can refer to a 'javelin' or 'spear,' likely due to its smooth, polished shaft. It can also denote a 'portico' or 'covered walk,' which were often paved or smoothed areas for exercise or public gathering, particularly in gymnasiums.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΛΟΓΧΗ, ΔΟΡΥ, ΣΤΟΑ

Etymology: From the verb ξύω (xýō), meaning 'to scrape,' 'to shave,' or 'to polish.'

G1899

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEY-tah

Translations: then, afterward, next, after that, thereupon

Notes: This word is a temporal adverb meaning 'then' or 'afterward'. It is used to indicate a sequence of events, showing that one action or state follows another in time. It can introduce the next step in a narrative or a logical progression.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἘΠΕΙ, ἘΠΕΙΔΗ, ἘΠΙΤΟ

Etymology: From the Greek preposition ἐπί (epi, 'upon, after') and the particle εἶτα (eita, 'then, next'). It signifies a temporal sequence, indicating what comes after something else.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G1012

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: BOO-lay

Translations: counsel, a counsel, plan, a plan, purpose, a purpose, will, a will, decision, a decision

Notes: This word refers to a counsel, a plan, a purpose, or a decision. It denotes the act of deliberating or the result of such deliberation, often implying a firm intention or resolution. It can be used in contexts referring to human plans or, more profoundly, to the divine will or purpose.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΕΥΜΑ, ΓΝΩΜΗ, ΠΡΟΘΕΣΙΣ

Etymology: From the verb βούλομαι (boulomai), meaning 'to will, wish, or purpose'. It refers to the act or result of willing or planning.

G2413

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ee-eh-ROO

Translations: of holy, of sacred, of a temple, of the temple, of the sanctuary

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the adjective 'ΙΕΡΟΣ' (hieros), meaning 'holy' or 'sacred'. When used with the definite article, it often functions as a noun, referring to 'the temple' or 'the sanctuary'. It indicates possession or origin, answering the question 'whose?' or 'from what?'. For example, 'the beauty of the temple' or 'the things of the sanctuary'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΓΙΟΥ, ΝΑΟΥ, ΒΗΛΟΥ

G4745

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: sto-AH

Translations: porch, a porch, portico, a portico, colonnade, a colonnade

Notes: A stoa is a covered walkway or portico, typically open on one side with a row of columns supporting the roof. These structures were common in ancient Greek architecture and served various purposes, such as public meeting places, market areas, or shelters. It is often found as part of larger buildings like temples or agoras.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The word "stoa" comes from the Ancient Greek word "στοά" (stoá), referring to a portico or colonnade. Its origin is uncertain, but it is an ancient Greek architectural term.

G05048

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-peer-TI-zeh-toh

Translations: was completed, was finished, was perfected, was brought to an end

Notes: This word is the imperfect passive indicative, third person singular form of the verb ἀπαρτίζω (apartízo). It means 'to be completed' or 'to be finished'. It describes an action that was ongoing or repeated in the past and was being brought to completion. It is a compound word formed from ἀπό (apo, 'from, off') and ἀρτίζω (artizo, 'to fit, to prepare').

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΤΕΛΕΩ, ΠΛΗΡΟΩ, ΕΚΤΕΛΕΩ

G2087

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: tha-TEH-ra

Translations: the other, the other one, the other side, the other part

Notes: This word is a contraction of 'τὸ ἕτερον' (to heteron), meaning 'the other (thing)' or 'the other (person)'. It refers to one of two distinct entities, often implying a contrast or alternative to something previously mentioned. It can be used to describe the other of two things, or to refer to the other side or part of something.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΟΣ, ΕΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἕτερος (heteros) comes from Proto-Indo-European *sem- 'one, together' and *h₁teros 'other'. It refers to one of two, distinct from the other, as opposed to ἄλλος (allos) which refers to another of many.

G1416

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: DYS-in

Translations: setting, sunset, west, a setting, a sunset, a west

Notes: This word refers to the act of setting, particularly of the sun or other celestial bodies. It can also refer to the direction where the sun sets, which is the west. In a sentence, it would be used to indicate the time of day when the sun goes down or the geographical direction of the west.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΥΣΜΗ

Etymology: From the verb δύω (dyō), meaning 'to enter, to sink, to set'. It refers to the action of something sinking or setting, especially the sun.

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: tow-TOO

Translations: of the same, of him, of her, of it

Notes: This word is a genitive singular form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective 'αὐτός' (autos), combined with the definite article 'ὁ' (ho). It means 'of the same' or 'of him/her/it'. It is used to refer back to something previously mentioned, emphasizing identity or sameness. For example, it could be used in a phrase like 'from the same place' or 'of the same person'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ὉΜΟΙΟΣ, ὉΜΟΙΩΣ

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: BAY-soo

Translations: Besou

Notes: This word appears to be a proper noun, likely a place name or a personal name, as suggested by its usage in the provided context (e.g., "the place called Besou"). It does not appear to be a common Koine Greek word with a general meaning, but rather a specific identifier.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The etymology of this specific proper noun is not readily available in standard Koine Greek lexicons, suggesting it may be a transliteration of a foreign name or a less common geographical reference.

G2659

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: kah-tah-TEH-ee-non

Translations: extending, stretching, reaching, straining, exerting

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'κατατείνω', meaning 'to stretch down', 'to extend', or 'to exert oneself'. It describes an action of extending or reaching towards something, often implying a continuous or ongoing effort. It can be used to describe physical extension, like a road stretching to a gate, or a more abstract sense of exerting effort or straining.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΕΚΤΕΙΝΩ, ΤΕΙΝΩ, ΕΦΙΚΝΕΟΜΑΙ

G4611

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: see-loh-AHN

Translations: Siloam

Notes: Siloam refers to a place in Jerusalem, specifically a pool and a tower mentioned in the New Testament. The Pool of Siloam was a significant water source for the city, and it is where Jesus healed a blind man. The Tower of Siloam is mentioned in a parable by Jesus, where its collapse killed eighteen people. This word is a proper noun and refers to this specific location.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Neuter

Etymology: The name Siloam is of Hebrew origin, derived from the Hebrew word 'Shiloach' (שִׁלֹחַ), meaning 'sending forth' or 'sent'. It refers to the water channel or conduit that brought water from the Gihon Spring into the Pool of Siloam.

G1994

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ep-ee-STREF-on

Translations: returning, turning, turning back, converting, restoring, being restored

Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb 'ἘΠΙΣΤΡΕΦΩ', meaning 'to turn around, return, or convert'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that is ongoing or habitual. It can describe someone or something that is in the process of returning or turning, or it can indicate the act of conversion or restoration. For example, it might be used to describe 'one who is returning' or 'the act of turning back'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter, Present, Active

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ἘΠΙΣΤΡΕΦΟΜΑΙ

G1782

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: EN-then

Translations: from here, thence, on this side, on that side, on one side, on the other side

Notes: This word is an adverb indicating origin or direction from a specific place. It can mean 'from here' or 'thence'. It is often used in pairs, such as 'from here and from there' or 'on this side and on that side', to describe something being surrounded or existing on both sides.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἘΝΤΕΥΘΕΝ, ἘΚΕΙΘΕΝ

Etymology: This word comes from the Greek preposition 'ἐν' (en), meaning 'in' or 'on', combined with a suffix indicating origin or direction.

G1578

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ek-KLEE-non

Translations: turning away, departing, declining, avoiding, shunning

Notes: This word describes the act of turning away, departing, or shunning something or someone. It implies a deliberate act of moving away from a path, a person, or a principle, often with a negative connotation of avoiding or deviating. It can be used to describe someone who deviates from a righteous path or avoids certain people.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΒΑΙΝΩ, ἈΦΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ, ἈΠΟΤΡΕΠΩ

Etymology: From the prefix ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and κλίνω (klinō), meaning 'to lean' or 'to incline'. Thus, it literally means 'to lean out from' or 'to incline away from'.

G0395

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-nah-toh-LEN

Translations: east, a rising, dawn, a branch, a shoot

Notes: This word refers to the direction of the east, where the sun rises. It can also metaphorically refer to the rising of the sun itself, or the dawn. In some contexts, it can also mean a sprout or a shoot, particularly in prophetic or messianic contexts, referring to a descendant or a new beginning. It is a feminine noun.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ἈΝΑΤΟΛΑΙ, ἈΝΑΤΟΛΗ

Etymology: From the Greek verb ἀνατέλλω (anatellō), meaning 'to rise up' or 'to cause to rise'. It is formed from ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up', and τέλλω (tellō), meaning 'to accomplish' or 'to rise'.

G5100

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: TI-nos

Translations: of someone, of something, of anyone, of anything, of a certain one, of a certain thing, of what, of whom, whose

Notes: ΤΙΝΟΣ is the genitive singular form of the indefinite or interrogative pronoun 'τις'. As an indefinite pronoun, it refers to an unspecified person or thing, often translated as 'someone' or 'something'. As an interrogative pronoun, it asks about the identity or nature of a person or thing, translated as 'whose' or 'of what'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or the object of certain prepositions.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΤΙΝΩΝ, ΤΙΝΙ, ΤΙΝΑ

G4744

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: sto-AH

Translations: portico, a portico, porch, a porch, colonnade, a colonnade

Notes: A stoa is a covered walkway or portico, typically open on one side with columns supporting the roof. It was a common architectural feature in ancient Greek cities, often used as a public space for walking, meeting, and philosophical discussion. It can refer to any covered structure with columns.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΣΤΥΛΟΝ, ΠΡΟΠΥΛΑΙΟΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- 'to stand'. It refers to a standing place or a place where one stands.

G4886

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-AP-teh

Translations: joined, united, connected, attached

Notes: This word describes the action of joining, uniting, or connecting things or people together. It implies bringing two or more entities into close association or contact. In a sentence, it would typically be used to indicate that someone or something was brought together with another.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΕΝΟΩ, ΣΥΝΔΕΩ, ΚΟΛΛΑΩ

Etymology: From the prefix σύν (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ἅπτω (haptō), meaning 'to fasten' or 'to join'.

G0746, G0575

Part of Speech: Compound Word

Sounds like: ar-KHAIN-a-POH

Translations: beginning from, from the beginning, from the first

Notes: This is a compound word formed by the noun 'ἈΡΧΗ' (archē), meaning 'beginning' or 'rule', in its accusative singular form 'ἈΡΧΗΝ', and the preposition 'ἈΠΟ' (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from'. Together, 'ἈΡΧΗΝἈΠΟ' means 'from the beginning' or 'from the first'. It indicates the starting point of something, whether in time, sequence, or origin.

Inflection: ἈΡΧΗΝ: Singular, Accusative, Feminine; ἈΠΟ: Does not inflect (preposition)

G2944

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ky-KLOO-meh-non

Translations: being encircled, being surrounded, surrounding, encircling

Notes: This word is a present passive participle of the verb 'κυκλόω', meaning 'to encircle' or 'to surround'. It describes something that is in the process of being encircled or surrounded. It can also be used to describe something that is doing the encircling or surrounding, depending on the context, though the passive voice is more common for this form. It is often used to describe a physical encirclement, like a city being surrounded by walls or an army surrounding an enemy.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter, Present, Passive, Participle

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΚΥΚΛΟΩ, ΚΥΚΛΕΥΩ

Etymology: The word 'κυκλόω' (kykloō) comes from the Greek noun 'κύκλος' (kyklos), meaning 'circle' or 'ring'. The verb literally means 'to make into a circle' or 'to go in a circle'.

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: pros-ARK-tee-on

Translations: northern, northern part, the north

Notes: This word is a compound word derived from 'πρός' (pros, towards) and 'ἄρκτος' (arktos, bear, referring to the Great Bear constellation and thus the north). It describes something that is northern or pertains to the north. It can be used as an adjective to modify a noun, or as a substantive noun referring to the northern region or part.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΒΟΡΕΙΟΣ, ΑΡΚΤΙΚΟΣ

Etymology: This word is a compound formed from the preposition 'πρός' (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and 'ἄρκτος' (arktos), meaning 'bear' or 'north'. The suffix '-ιον' is a diminutive or locative ending, indicating a place or a quality related to the root.

G2824

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KLEE-mah

Translations: clime, region, a region, climate, a climate

Notes: This word refers to a region or a clime, often implying a geographical area or a zone, particularly in terms of its climate or inclination. It can be used to describe a specific part of the world or a general area.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΤΟΠΟΣ, ΓΗ

Etymology: From the Greek verb κλίνω (klino), meaning 'to lean, incline, slope'. It refers to a 'slope' or 'inclination' of the earth, which then came to denote a region or climate zone based on its angle relative to the sun.

G3440

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: MO-non

Translations: only, alone, merely, a single, a solitary

Notes: This word can function as an adverb meaning 'only' or 'merely', indicating exclusivity or limitation. It can also be the neuter singular form of the adjective 'ΜΟΝΟΣ', meaning 'alone' or 'solitary', describing something as being by itself or unique. In its adverbial use, it often modifies verbs or clauses to emphasize that something is done exclusively or that a condition applies solely to one thing.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (as adjective); Does not inflect (as adverb)

Synonyms: ΜΟΝΩΣ, ΜΟΝΟΓΕΝΗΣ

G0458

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: an-toh-NEE-as

Translations: Antonia, Antonia Fortress

Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to the Antonia Fortress, a significant military barracks built by Herod the Great in Jerusalem. It was located at the northwest corner of the Temple Mount and served as a strategic stronghold and observation point. It is often mentioned in historical accounts related to events in Jerusalem during the Roman period.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The name 'Antonia' is derived from the Roman family name 'Antonius', specifically in honor of Mark Antony, a Roman politician and general.

G0746

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ar-KHEE

Translations: beginning, a beginning, rule, a rule, ruler, a ruler, first, origin, a first, a ruler, dominion, a dominion, principality, a principality

Notes: This word refers to the beginning of something, the first in a series, or the origin. It can also denote a position of authority, rule, or dominion, and by extension, the person holding such authority (a ruler or magistrate). It is used to describe the starting point of time, a sequence, or a source of power.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΠΑΡΧΗ, ΚΕΦΑΛΗ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑ

Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂ergʰ-, meaning 'to begin, rule'. It is related to words signifying 'first' or 'chief'.

G2462

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ip-pi-KOS

Translations: hippic, equestrian, of horses, relating to horses, a horseman

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'of or relating to horses' or 'equestrian'. It is often used to describe things associated with horses, such as horse racing, cavalry, or structures related to horses. For example, it could describe a 'hippic tower' or 'equestrian games'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΙΠΠΕΥΣ, ΙΠΠΟΣ

Etymology: From the Koine Greek word ἵππος (hippos), meaning 'horse', combined with the suffix -ικός (-ikos), which forms adjectives indicating 'belonging to' or 'pertaining to'.

G3606

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: O-THEN

Translations: from where, whence, wherefore, therefore, for which reason

Notes: This word is an adverb that can indicate either origin or consequence. It is used to ask or state 'from where' something comes or originates. It can also be used to mean 'therefore' or 'for which reason', indicating a logical conclusion or cause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟ, ΔΙΑ ΤΟΥΤΟ, ΟΠΟΥ

Etymology: From the demonstrative stem *ho- (meaning 'this' or 'that') combined with the suffix -θεν, which indicates origin or source. It is related to other adverbs of place and origin in Greek.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: too-bo-REH-oo

Translations: of Tuboreios, Tuboreios, Tuboreian

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of 'Tuboreios', which is likely a proper noun referring to a place or a person, or an adjective meaning 'Tuboreian'. In the provided context, it refers to a 'Tuboreian climate', suggesting it's an adjective describing something related to Tuboreios. It's used to indicate possession or origin, similar to saying 'of Tuboreios' or 'belonging to Tuboreios'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The etymology of 'Tuboreios' is not clearly documented in standard Koine Greek lexicons as it appears to be a specific geographical or personal name rather than a common Greek word. It likely refers to a place or a people group, possibly of non-Greek origin.

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: psay-FEE-non

Translations: of pebbles, made of pebbles, mosaic, a mosaic

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'made of pebbles' or 'mosaic'. It describes something constructed from or related to small stones or pebbles, often referring to a mosaic work. It can be used to describe structures, floors, or other objects made with this material.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Neuter

Etymology: The word ΨΗΦΙΝΟΣ (psephinos) is derived from the noun ΨΗΦΟΣ (psephos), meaning 'pebble' or 'small stone'. It describes something pertaining to or made of such stones.

G2520

Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: ka-THEE-kon

Translations: duty, what is fitting, proper, becoming, appropriate, a duty, what is due

Notes: This word refers to what is proper, fitting, or appropriate, often in the sense of a moral obligation or duty. It describes actions or behaviors that are suitable or incumbent upon someone. It can function as a noun meaning 'duty' or 'what is fitting', or as an adjective meaning 'fitting' or 'proper'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΠΡΕΠΟΝ, ΔΙΚΑΙΟΝ, ΟΦΕΙΛΟΜΕΝΟΝ

Etymology: The word is derived from the verb καθήκω (kathēkō), meaning 'to come down to', 'to reach', and by extension, 'to be fitting' or 'to be proper'. It is a compound of κατά (kata, 'down') and ἥκω (hēkō, 'to have come', 'to be present').

G0473

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: AN-tee-KROO

Translations: opposite, directly opposite, in front of, face to face, over against

Notes: This word is an adverb that indicates a position or direction. It means 'opposite' or 'directly in front of' something or someone. It can also convey the sense of 'face to face' or 'over against'. It is used to describe location or confrontation.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΝΑΝΤΙ, ΕΝΑΝΤΙΟΝ

Etymology: From ἀντί (anti, "against") and κρύπτω (kruptō, "to hide"), literally meaning "against what is hidden" or "in plain sight, not hidden".

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: eh-LEH-nees

Translations: Helen

Notes: This word refers to Helen, a common Greek female proper name. It is most famously associated with Helen of Troy, a figure in Greek mythology whose abduction by Paris sparked the Trojan War. In general usage, it functions as a personal identifier.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The name Helen (Ἑλένη) is of uncertain etymology, but it is often associated with the Greek word 'helene' (ἑλένη) meaning 'torch' or 'corbeille' (a type of basket), or 'selene' (σελήνη) meaning 'moon'. It has been in use since ancient times.

G2364

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: thoo-GAH-teer

Translations: daughter, a daughter

Notes: This word refers to a female offspring, a daughter. It is a common noun used to denote a familial relationship. It can be used in various contexts to refer to someone's child who is female, or metaphorically to refer to a female descendant or inhabitant of a place.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΟΡΗ, ΠΑΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΘΥΓΑΤΗΡ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰugʰ₂tḗr, meaning 'daughter'. It has cognates in many Indo-European languages.

G0937

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: bah-see-lee-KOHN

Translations: of royal things, of royal possessions, of the king's possessions, of the royal treasury, of the king's property

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'βασιλικός', meaning 'royal' or 'belonging to a king'. It describes something as pertaining to a king, a kingdom, or royalty. In this inflected form, it typically refers to things that are royal or belong to the king, such as royal property, royal funds, or royal family members, often implying possession or origin.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΑΣ

Etymology: The word 'βασιλικός' (basilikos) is derived from 'βασιλεύς' (basileus), meaning 'king'. It refers to anything pertaining to a king or kingdom.

G3371

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: may-koo-NO-men-on

Translations: lengthened, being lengthened, extended, being extended, prolonged, being prolonged

Notes: This word is a present passive participle of the verb 'μηκύνω' (mēkynō), meaning 'to lengthen' or 'to prolong'. It describes something that is in the process of being lengthened or extended. It can function adjectivally, describing a noun, or adverbially, modifying a verb.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter, Present, Passive

Synonyms: ΕΚΤΕΙΝΟΜΕΝΟΝ, ΠΑΡΑΤΕΙΝΟΜΕΝΟΝ

Etymology: The verb 'μηκύνω' (mēkynō) is derived from 'μῆκος' (mēkos), meaning 'length'. It describes the action of making something longer.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: goh-nee-AH-yoh

Translations: to form a corner, to angle, to be cornered

Notes: This word is a verb derived from the noun 'γωνία' (corner, angle). It would mean to form a corner, to be at an angle, or to be cornered. It is a very rare word in Koine Greek texts and may be a specialized or technical term, or potentially a variant spelling or even a misspelling of a more common word or phrase.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as given, it's likely a root form or an infinitive, but its usage is too rare to determine specific inflections without context)

G4377

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pros-ah-go-REH-oo-meh-non

Translations: named, called, addressed as

Notes: This word is a present passive participle derived from the verb 'prosagoreuo', meaning 'to address' or 'to call by name'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, often translated as 'being named' or 'being called'. It is used to indicate that something is referred to or known by a particular name or designation.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΟΥΜΕΝΟΝ, ΟΝΟΜΑΖΟΜΕΝΟΝ

G3419

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: MNEE-mah

Translations: tomb, a tomb, grave, a grave, monument, a monument, memorial, a memorial

Notes: This word refers to a place of burial, such as a tomb or grave. It can also denote a monument or a memorial, something that serves to preserve the memory of a person or event. It is typically used in contexts referring to burial sites or structures erected in remembrance.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΤΑΦΟΣ, ΜΝΗΜΕΙΟΝ

Etymology: From the verb μιμνήσκω (mimnēskō), meaning 'to remind' or 'to remember'. It refers to something that serves as a reminder or a place of remembrance.

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ka-loo-MEH-nayn

Translations: called, named, being called, being named, the one called, the one named

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'καλέω' (kaleō), meaning 'to call' or 'to name'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing someone or something that is being called or named. It can be used to introduce a descriptive phrase or clause, often indicating a characteristic or identity.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Accusative, Singular, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΝΟΜΑΖΩ, ΠΡΟΣΑΓΟΡΕΥΩ

G2646

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-teh-LEE-ghen

Translations: it was ending, it was concluding, it was coming to an end, it was terminating, it was reaching, it was extending

Notes: This word describes an action that was ongoing or repeated in the past, meaning 'to end', 'to conclude', 'to come to an end', 'to terminate', 'to reach', or 'to extend'. It implies a process of reaching a limit or a conclusion. It is often used to describe something that extends to a certain point or comes to a close.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΤΕΛΕΩ, ΠΕΡΑΙΝΩ, ΦΘΑΝΩ

Etymology: From κατά (kata, 'down, against') and λήγω (lēgō, 'to cease, to stop'). The combination suggests a complete cessation or reaching a final point.

G3778

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that

Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.

G2936, G4172

Part of Speech: Participle, Noun

Sounds like: pros-KTIS-thee-see-PO-lee

Translations: to the city built in addition, to the city added, to the city founded nearby

Notes: This is a compound word formed from a participle and a noun. 'ΠΡΟΣΚΤΙΣΘΕΙΣΗ' is the dative singular feminine perfect passive participle of 'προσκτίζω' (proskizo), meaning 'to build in addition to' or 'to found nearby'. 'ΠΟΛΕΙ' is the dative singular of 'πόλις' (polis), meaning 'city'. Together, it refers to a city that has been built or founded in addition to something else, or a city that has been added on or built nearby. It would be used in a sentence to indicate the recipient of an action, for example, 'He gave it to the city that was built nearby.'

Inflection: Dative, Singular, Feminine

G4060

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-ree-EH-thee-ken

Translations: he put around, he placed around, he put on, he clothed, he adorned

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition περί (peri, 'around') and the verb τίθημι (tithemi, 'to put, place'). It means to put or place something around another object or person, often implying an act of clothing, adorning, or encircling. It can be used to describe putting on garments, placing a crown, or even bestowing honor or authority upon someone.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΕΝΔΥΩ, ΕΠΙΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΚΟΣΜΕΩ

G0067

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ah-GRIP-pahs

Translations: Agrippa

Notes: Agrippa is a Roman personal name, often associated with members of the Herodian dynasty who ruled over parts of Judea. It refers to several historical figures, most notably Herod Agrippa I and Herod Agrippa II, both of whom are mentioned in the New Testament. The name signifies a person of Roman origin or influence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Agrippa is of Latin origin, derived from 'Agrippa', a Roman cognomen. It was traditionally given to children born feet first (breech birth).

G1131

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: goom-NEE

Translations: naked, unclothed, bare, a naked woman

Notes: This word describes someone or something that is without clothing or covering. It can refer to a person who is literally naked, or it can be used metaphorically to describe something that is exposed, vulnerable, or plainly evident. It is often used to emphasize a state of destitution or lack of protection.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΨΙΛΟΣ, ΑΚΑΛΥΠΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word comes from Proto-Indo-European, related to concepts of being bare or exposed.

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: gar-oo-per-KHEH-oh-meh-nee

Translations: overflowing, being poured over, being superabundant

Notes: This word is a compound participle, combining elements that suggest 'over' or 'above' (ὑπέρ) and 'to pour' (χέω). It describes something that is overflowing, superabundant, or being poured over. In context, it often refers to a quantity or a population that is so large it extends beyond its boundaries.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Feminine

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡΠΛΗΘΥΝΟΜΕΝΗ, ΥΠΕΡΒΑΛΛΟΥΣΑ

G3398

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun, Adverb

Sounds like: mee-KRON

Translations: small, little, a little, a small thing, a short time

Notes: This word is an adjective that describes something as small in size, quantity, or importance. It can be used to refer to physical smallness, a small amount, or something of lesser significance. In its neuter form, it can also function as a noun meaning 'a small thing' or 'a little bit', or as an adverb meaning 'a little' or 'for a short time'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative; or Masculine or Feminine, Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΛΙΓΟΣ, ΒΡΑΧΥΣ

Etymology: The word ΜΙΚΡΟΣ comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'small'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey the idea of smallness or littleness.

G1830

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ex-EER-peh

Translations: crept out, crept forth, spread out, extended

Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning 'to creep out' or 'to spread out gradually'. It describes a slow, creeping movement, often implying an expansion beyond original boundaries or limits. It is formed from the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of', and the verb ἕρπω (herpō), meaning 'to creep' or 'to crawl'.

Inflection: 3rd Person Singular, Imperfect Active Indicative

Synonyms: ΕΚΤΕΙΝΩ, ΔΙΑΧΕΩ

Etymology: The word ἐξέρπω (exerpō) is a compound of the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb ἕρπω (herpō), meaning 'to creep' or 'to crawl'. The root ἕρπω is related to the English word 'serpent' and implies a low, slithering movement.

G4033

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: peh-ree-bo-LOHN

Translations: of an enclosure, of a wall, of a surrounding wall, of a court, of a precinct

Notes: This word refers to something that surrounds or encloses, such as a wall, a fence, or a surrounding area. It can denote a physical enclosure, like a courtyard or a precinct, especially around a sacred place. It is often used in contexts describing boundaries or protective structures.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΤΕΙΧΩΝ, ΦΡΑΓΜΩΝ, ΚΥΚΛΩΜΑΤΩΝ

G2413

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ee-eh-ROO-tah

Translations: sacred, holy, a sacred place, a holy place, of a sacred place, of a holy place

Notes: This word is likely an unusual or possibly misspelled form of a word derived from 'ἱερός' (hieros), meaning 'sacred' or 'holy'. In its standard forms, 'hieros' can function as an adjective meaning 'sacred' or 'holy', or as a noun referring to a sacred place or temple. The ending '-ουτα' is not a standard Koine Greek inflection. It might be a transliteration, a very rare or late form, or a scribal error. If it were a genitive singular, the expected form would be 'ἱεροῦ' (hieros) for masculine/neuter or 'ἱερᾶς' (hieras) for feminine. Given the context 'ΤΟΥ ΙΕΡΟΥΤΑ', it appears to be used in a genitive sense, possibly referring to 'of the sacred' or 'of a sacred place'.

Inflection: Likely Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter (if derived from ἱερός), but the ending -ουτα is non-standard.

Synonyms: ΑΓΙΟΣ, ΟΣΙΟΣ

Etymology: The root 'ἱερός' (hieros) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to make sacred' or 'to consecrate'. It is related to concepts of divine power and holiness.

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: pros-ARK-tee-ah

Translations: northern, northerly, a northern, a northerly

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'northern' or 'northerly'. It is a compound word formed from 'πρός' (pros), meaning 'towards', and 'ἄρκτος' (arktos), meaning 'bear' or 'north'. It describes something located in or pertaining to the north. It is often used to describe regions or directions.

Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΒΟΡΕΙΟΣ, ΑΡΚΤΙΚΟΣ

Etymology: The word is derived from the Greek preposition 'πρός' (pros), meaning 'towards', and the noun 'ἄρκτος' (arktos), which refers to the constellation Ursa Major (the Great Bear) and by extension, the North.

G4849

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: sym-po-LID-zon-tes

Translations: being fellow citizens, becoming fellow citizens, living together as citizens

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the prefix 'συν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and 'πολιτεύω' (politeuō), meaning 'to be a citizen' or 'to live as a citizen'. It describes the act of living together as fellow citizens or sharing citizenship with others. It implies a shared community and civic life.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΣΥΜΠΟΛΙΤΕΥΟΜΑΙ, ΣΥΝΟΙΚΕΩ

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: ep

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, by, before, among, concerning, with

Notes: This word is a preposition, often used as a prefix in compound words. It is a shortened form of the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), which loses its final vowel when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark. Its precise meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it often means 'on, upon, over' (of place) or 'at, during' (of time); with the dative, it can mean 'on, at, by' (of place), 'in addition to', or 'for, because of'; and with the accusative, it typically means 'to, toward, against' (of motion) or 'over, upon' (of extent).

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ὙΠΕΡ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ (epi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'on, at, near'.

G3756

Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΉ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.

G3641

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: o-LI-gon

Translations: little, a little, few, a few, small, a small amount, short, a short time, briefly

Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'little' or 'few', or as an adverb meaning 'a little' or 'briefly'. As an adjective, it describes a small quantity or number of something. As an adverb, it indicates a small degree or duration of an action. It is often used to denote scarcity or brevity.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative (as an adjective); Does not inflect (as an adverb)

Synonyms: ΜΙΚΡΟΣ, ΒΡΑΧΥΣ

Etymology: The word ὈΛΙΓΟΣ (oligos) is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be related to words meaning 'small' or 'scanty'.

G4281

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pro-EEL-thon

Translations: I went forth, they went forth, I went forward, they went forward, I advanced, they advanced, I proceeded, they proceeded

Notes: This word is the third person plural (or first person singular) aorist indicative active form of the verb 'προέρχομαι' (proerchomai), meaning 'to go forth' or 'to go forward'. It describes an action of moving onward or advancing that occurred in the past. It can be used to describe people or things moving from one place to another, or progressing in a task or discussion.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, First Person Singular or Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΒΑΙΝΩ, ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word 'προέρχομαι' is a compound word formed from the preposition 'πρό' (pro), meaning 'before' or 'forward', and the verb 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'.

G3739

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Conjunction

Sounds like: HOS

Translations: who, which, what, that, as, how, when

Notes: The word 'ΟΣ' is a versatile relative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'who,' 'which,' or 'that,' depending on the context and the gender, number, and case it agrees with. It introduces a relative clause, linking it to a preceding noun or pronoun. It can also function as a conjunction, meaning 'as,' 'how,' or 'when,' indicating manner or time.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Etymology: The word 'ΟΣ' is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has been a fundamental part of the Greek language's grammatical structure for millennia, serving to connect clauses and introduce relative information.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-LEE-tai

Translations: is called, is named, is invited

Notes: This word is the third person singular, present, passive indicative form of the verb 'to call' or 'to name'. It is used to indicate that someone or something is referred to by a particular name or title, or that they are summoned or invited. For example, 'He is called John' or 'It is named Jerusalem'.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΟΝΟΜΑΖΩ, ΠΡΟΣΑΓΟΡΕΥΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to shout, to call'. It is related to Latin 'calare' (to call out) and English 'hail'.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: beh-ZEH-thah

Translations: Bezetha

Notes: Bezetha is a proper noun referring to a specific place, a hill or a newly built part of Jerusalem, located north of the Temple Mount. It was also known as the New City or New Town. It is primarily known from the writings of Josephus, who describes it as one of the hills upon which Jerusalem was built.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative

Etymology: The name "Bezetha" is believed to be derived from an Aramaic word meaning "new city" or "new town," reflecting its status as a recently developed area of Jerusalem.

G2749

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: KEE-meh-nos

Translations: lying, lying down, situated, placed, set, appointed, destined

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle derived from the verb 'κειμαι' (keimai), meaning 'to lie' or 'to be laid'. It describes something or someone that is in a state of lying, being placed, or being situated. It can refer to physical position, or metaphorically to something that is established, appointed, or destined. For example, it can describe a person lying down, an object placed in a certain location, or a law that is set forth.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΤΙΘΕΜΕΝΟΣ, ΕΣΤΩΣ, ΚΑΘΗΜΕΝΟΣ

G661

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-po-TEM-no-meh-nos

Translations: cutting off, being cut off, severing, being severed, depriving, being deprived

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ἀποτέμνω', meaning 'to cut off' or 'to sever'. It describes an action of separating something by cutting. In the middle or passive voice, as it is here, it indicates that the subject is either cutting something off for themselves, or more commonly, is being cut off or severed from something, or being deprived of something. It can function adjectivally, describing a noun, or adverbially, describing the circumstances of an action.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΚΟΠΤΩ, ΕΚΚΟΠΤΩ

G2038

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: ep-ee-TAY-des

Translations: on purpose, intentionally, deliberately, designedly, purposely

Notes: This word is an adverb that signifies an action done with a specific intention or design. It emphasizes that something is not accidental but is carried out deliberately or on purpose. It can be used to describe actions that are planned or premeditated.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚΟΥΣΙΩΣ, ΠΡΟΘΥΜΩΣ

Etymology: This word is derived from the Greek preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'on', and the adjective τήδε (tēde), meaning 'in this way' or 'thus'. It originally referred to something done 'in this way' or 'fittingly', evolving to mean 'on purpose' or 'deliberately'.

G4886

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: soo-NAP-ton-tes-oy

Translations: to those joining together, to those connecting, to those uniting

Notes: This word is a present active participle, masculine or neuter, dative plural, of the verb 'συνάπτω' (synaptō), meaning 'to join together' or 'to connect'. The ending '-σοι' is unusual for a standard Koine Greek participle and suggests a possible scribal error or a very rare, non-standard inflection. If it were a standard dative plural, it would typically end in '-σι' or '-οις'. It is most likely a misspelling of 'συνάπτοντες' (joining together) or 'συνάπτουσι' (to those joining together).

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Dative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter (likely a misspelling)

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΔΕΩ, ΣΥΝΕΧΩ, ΣΥΝΙΣΤΗΜΙ

G2310

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: theh-MEH-lee-oy

Translations: foundations, a foundation

Notes: This word refers to the base or groundwork upon which a building or structure is erected. It can also be used metaphorically to refer to the fundamental principles or basis of something. In the provided examples, it is used in the plural to denote multiple foundations or the foundational elements of a structure.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΒΑΣΙΣ, ΥΠΟΒΑΘΡΟΝ

Etymology: The word "θεμέλιον" (themélion) comes from the verb "τίθημι" (títhēmi), meaning "to place" or "to set". It refers to something that is laid down or established as a base.

G2140

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: yoo-PROS-ee-toy

Translations: easy to approach, accessible, approachable

Notes: This word is a compound adjective meaning 'easy to approach' or 'accessible'. It describes something or someone that is readily available or can be reached without difficulty. It is used to indicate that a path, place, or person is not difficult to get to or interact with.

Inflection: Nominative, Vocative, or Accusative Plural, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΙΤΟΣ, ΕΥ̓ΚΟΛΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΕΥ̓ΠΡΟΣΙΤΟΣ is a compound of two parts: ΕΥ̓ (eu), meaning 'good' or 'well', and ΠΡΟΣΙΤΟΣ (prositos), meaning 'approachable' or 'accessible'. The latter part comes from the verb ΠΡΟΣΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ (proserchomai), meaning 'to come to' or 'to approach'.

G2276

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: HET-ton

Translations: less, worse, inferior, a less (thing)

Notes: This word functions as both an adverb and an adjective, meaning 'less' or 'worse'. As an adverb, it modifies verbs or other adverbs, indicating a lesser degree. As an adjective, it describes nouns, meaning 'inferior' or 'lesser'. It is the comparative form of 'bad' or 'little'.

Inflection: Comparative, Does not inflect for gender or case when used adverbially. When used adjectivally, it can inflect for gender, number, and case (e.g., ΗΤΤΟΝΑ in the example is Accusative Singular).

Synonyms: ΕΛΑΣΣΩΝ, ΧΕΙΡΩΝ

Etymology: The word ἧττον (hētton) is the neuter singular form of the comparative adjective ἥσσων (hēssōn), meaning 'less, worse, weaker'. It is often used adverbially. Its ultimate origin is uncertain but is related to the concept of being 'less' or 'inferior'.

G1352

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: DEE-oh

Translations: therefore, wherefore, for this reason, on account of which

Notes: This is a compound conjunction formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'on account of', and the relative pronoun ὅ (ho), meaning 'which'. It is used to introduce a consequence or conclusion, indicating that what follows is a result of what has just been stated. It functions similarly to 'therefore' or 'for this reason' in English.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΑ ΤΟΥΤΟ, ΟΥΝ, ΑΡΑ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'on account of', and the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅ (ho), meaning 'which'.

G5311

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: Y-PSOS

Translations: height, a height, high, on high, top, summit, heaven

Notes: This word refers to the state of being high or elevated. It can denote physical height, such as the height of a tree or a building, or a more abstract sense of being 'on high' or in a lofty position, often referring to heaven or a place of divine authority. It is used to describe both literal elevation and metaphorical exaltation.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΝΩ, ΟΥΡΑΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word "ΥΨΟΣ" comes from the adjective "ὑψύς" (hypsys), meaning "high" or "lofty." It is related to the Proto-Indo-European root *up-, meaning "up, over."

G0899

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: BA-thos

Translations: depth, a depth, deep, profoundness, abyss

Notes: This noun refers to a great vertical extent downwards, indicating depth or profoundness. It can also refer to the deep sea or an abyss. It is used to describe the extent of something from top to bottom, or figuratively, the profoundness of a concept or idea.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΒΥΣΣΟΣ, ΒΥΘΟΣ

Etymology: From the adjective βαθύς (bathys), meaning 'deep'. It is related to the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷʰedʰ-, meaning 'to sink, to be deep'.

G1546

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ek-lay-THEE

Translations: he was called, she was called, it was called, he was summoned, she was summoned, it was summoned

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to be called' or 'to be summoned'. It is the passive voice of the verb 'to call out' or 'to summon'. It describes an action where someone or something is the recipient of a calling or summoning. For example, 'he was called' to a meeting, or 'it was called' by a certain name.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΕΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΑΛΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΚΚΑΛΕΩ is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΕΚ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb ΚΑΛΕΩ (kaleō), meaning 'to call'.

G2037

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: ep-ee-KHO-ree-ohs

Translations: locally, in the country, in the region, regionally, provincially

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'locally' or 'in the country/region'. It describes an action or state that is specific to a particular place or area, often implying a local custom, dialect, or characteristic. It indicates something done or existing within a specific locality, as opposed to broadly or generally.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΤΟΠΙΚΩΣ, ΕΝΤΟΠΩΣ

Etymology: The word is derived from the adjective ἘΠΙΧΩΡΙΟΣ (epichorios), meaning 'belonging to the country, native', which itself comes from ἘΠΙ (epi, 'upon, in') and ΧΩΡΑ (chora, 'country, land, region').

G3561

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: neh-oh-KTIS-ton

Translations: newly built, newly created, a newly built thing

Notes: This is a compound adjective meaning 'newly built' or 'newly created'. It describes something that has recently been constructed or brought into existence. It can be used to refer to a new building, a new city, or any other recently established entity.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The word is a compound of ΝΕΟΣ (NEOS), meaning 'new', and ΚΤΙΣΤΟΣ (KTISTOS), meaning 'created' or 'built', which comes from the verb ΚΤΙΖΩ (KTIZO), 'to build' or 'to create'.

G3313

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: MEH-ross

Translations: part, a part, share, a share, portion, a portion, region, a region, side, a side

Notes: This word refers to a part, share, or portion of something. It can also denote a region or a side. It is commonly used to indicate a division or segment of a whole, or a specific area or direction.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΜΟΙΡΑ, ΚΛΗΡΟΣ, ΤΜΗΜΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *smer- 'to allot, assign'. It is related to the verb μείρομαι (meiromai), meaning 'to receive one's share'.

G3177

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: meth-er-may-NEH-oo-meh-non

Translations: being translated, which means, interpreted, being interpreted

Notes: This word is a present passive participle, meaning 'being translated' or 'being interpreted'. It is often used to introduce an explanation or definition of a preceding word or phrase, indicating that the word or phrase is being explained or given its meaning in another language or in simpler terms. It is a compound word formed from μετά (with, after), ἑρμηνεύω (to interpret, translate), and the passive participle ending.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Singular, Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΡΜΗΝΕΥΟΜΕΝΟΝ, ΔΗΛΟΥΜΕΝΟΝ

G1100

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GLOHS-sah

Translations: tongue, a tongue, language, a language, speech, a speech

Notes: This word refers to the anatomical organ of the tongue, but it can also mean a language or dialect, or more generally, speech itself. It is often used to describe the act of speaking or the specific language being spoken.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΦΩΝΗ, ΛΑΛΙΑ, ΔΙΑΛΕΚΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word "γλῶσσα" (glōssa) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It is related to the Homeric Greek "γλῶσσα" (glōssa) and later forms.

G2537

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: KAI-nee

Translations: new, fresh, a new, a fresh

Notes: This word describes something that is new in terms of quality, freshness, or being recently made, rather than new in terms of age (for which a different word, 'neos', is often used). It implies something that is unprecedented, superior, or of a different kind. For example, it can refer to a new covenant, a new creation, or a new teaching. It is used to describe things that are innovative or renewed.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΝΕΟΣ, ΠΡΟΣΦΑΤΟΣ

G0302

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: AHN

Translations: if, ever, might, would, should

Notes: This word is a particle used to express contingency, possibility, or potentiality. It does not have a direct English equivalent but modifies the meaning of the verb it accompanies, often indicating that an action is dependent on a condition or is hypothetical. It is frequently used with the subjunctive or optative moods to form conditional clauses or express indefinite temporal or relative clauses.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The origin of this particle is uncertain, but it is believed to be an ancient particle in Greek, possibly related to the concept of 'on' or 'up' in some contexts, though its primary function became conditional.

G1189

Part of Speech: Participle, Noun

Sounds like: deh-OH-meh-nohn

Translations: of those asking, of those begging, of those needing, of those praying, of those entreating, of those lacking

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'δεομαι', meaning 'to ask, beg, pray, or need'. As a genitive plural participle, it refers to 'those who are asking', 'those who are begging', 'those who are needing', or 'those who are praying'. It often functions substantively, meaning it acts like a noun, referring to a group of people in a state of asking or needing.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΙΤΟΥΝΤΩΝ, ΠΡΟΣΕΥΧΟΜΕΝΩΝ

G3690

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ho-MOH-noo-mos

Translations: homonymous, having the same name, of the same name, named after

Notes: This word describes something or someone that shares the same name as another. It is often used to indicate that a person or place is named after someone or something else. For example, a son might be 'homonymous' with his father if they share the same name, or a city might be 'homonymous' with its founder.

Inflection: Nominative, Singular, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΩΝΥΜΟΣ, ΟΜΟΝΟΜΑΣΤΟΣ

Etymology: This word is a compound of two Greek elements: 'ὁμός' (homos), meaning 'same' or 'common', and 'ὄνομα' (onoma), meaning 'name'. Thus, it literally means 'having the same name'.

G4280

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pro-EI-po-men

Translations: we said before, we have said before, we told beforehand, we have told beforehand

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the prefix ΠΡΟ- (pro-), meaning 'before' or 'in advance,' and the verb ΕΙΠΩ (eipō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak.' Therefore, it means 'to say beforehand' or 'to tell in advance.' It is used to refer to something that has already been stated or mentioned earlier in a text or conversation.

Inflection: First Person Plural, Aorist Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΛΕΓΩ, ΠΡΟΦΗΤΕΥΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ΠΡΟ (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of,' and the verb ΕΙΠΩ (eipō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak.' The verb ΕΙΠΩ itself is a root verb with a long history in Greek, related to the act of speaking.

G1167

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: DEE-sas

Translations: having feared, fearing, being afraid

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'δείδω' (deidō), meaning 'to fear' or 'to be afraid'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that occurred prior to the main verb. It indicates that the subject has completed the action of fearing.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΦΟΒΗΘΕΙΣ, ΕΥΛΑΒΗΘΕΙΣ

Etymology: The verb 'δείδω' (deidō) comes from an ancient root meaning 'to be afraid' or 'to flee'. It is related to words signifying dread or flight.

G3172

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: MEG-eh-thos

Translations: greatness, magnitude, size, a greatness, a magnitude, a size

Notes: This word refers to the quality of being great in size, extent, or importance. It can describe physical dimensions, as in the size of an object, or abstract concepts like the greatness of a person or an event. It is typically used to denote a significant scale or degree.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΜΕΓΑΛΕΙΟΤΗΣ, ΜΕΓΑΛΟΣΥΝΗ

Etymology: The word "ΜΕΓΕΘΟΣ" comes from the adjective "μέγας" (megas), meaning "great" or "large." It is formed with the suffix "-θος" which is used to create nouns denoting a quality or state.

G2680

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kah-tah-skay-OOHS

Translations: of preparation, of construction, of equipment, of arrangement, of a preparation, of a construction, of an equipment, of an arrangement

Notes: This word refers to the act or process of preparing, constructing, or equipping something. It can also denote the resulting structure, equipment, or arrangement itself. It is a compound word formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and σκευή (skeuē), meaning 'equipment' or 'preparation'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΤΟΙΜΑΣΙΑ, ΟΙΚΟΔΟΜΗ, ΣΚΕΥΗ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΑΣΚΕΥΗ is derived from the verb κατασκευάζω (kataskeuazō), meaning 'to prepare, construct, or equip'. This verb is a compound of the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the noun σκευή (skeuē), meaning 'equipment' or 'preparation'.

G4229, G5283

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PRAHG-mah-tohn-yoo-no-EE-sees

Translations: suspicion of things, conjecture of matters, surmise of affairs, understanding of things, a suspicion of things, a conjecture of matters

Notes: This is a compound noun formed from 'πραγμάτων' (pragmaton), the genitive plural of 'πράγμα' (pragma), meaning 'things' or 'matters,' and 'ὑπονόησις' (hyponoesis), meaning 'suspicion,' 'conjecture,' or 'understanding.' It refers to the act of forming a suspicion, conjecture, or understanding concerning various matters or affairs. It describes the mental process of inferring or surmising about circumstances.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΙΚΑΣΙΑ, ΥΠΟΨΙΑ, ΣΥΛΛΟΓΙΣΜΟΣ

G0906

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: bah-LOH-meh-nos

Translations: throwing, casting, putting, laying, having thrown, having cast, having put, having laid

Notes: ΒΑΛΟΜΕΝΟΣ is the aorist middle participle of the verb ΒΑΛΛΩ (ballō), meaning 'to throw', 'to cast', 'to put', or 'to lay'. As a middle voice participle, it often implies an action done by the subject for themselves or concerning themselves, or an action that affects the subject. It can be translated as 'having thrown (for oneself)', 'having cast (for oneself)', 'having put (for oneself)', or 'having laid (for oneself)'. In context, it often refers to an action completed in the past that has ongoing relevance.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle

Synonyms: ΡΙΠΤΩ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΕΚΒΑΛΛΩ

G2532, G1063

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle

Sounds like: kai-GAR

Translations: and indeed, for indeed, for also, and for

Notes: ΚΑΙΓΑΡ is a compound word formed from the conjunctions ΚΑΙ (kai, 'and, also, even') and ΓΑΡ (gar, 'for, since'). It functions as a strong connective particle, emphasizing the reason or explanation that follows. It can be translated as 'and indeed' or 'for indeed', introducing a statement that confirms or elaborates on what was just said, often with a sense of emphasis or logical consequence.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΓΑΡ, ΚΑΙ

G3761

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: OOD

Translations: not, no, nor, neither, not even

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It is often used in combination with other negative words to strengthen the negation, such as in the phrase "οὐ μή" (ou mē), which conveys a strong, emphatic negation, often translated as "never" or "by no means." It can also function as a conjunction meaning "nor" or "neither," connecting two negative clauses or ideas.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΜΗ

Etymology: From the negative particle οὐ (ou) and the particle δέ (de), meaning 'but' or 'and'. It emphasizes the negation.

G0252

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-LOH-see-mos

Translations: capturable, able to be taken, vulnerable, conquerable

Notes: This word describes something that is capable of being captured, taken, or conquered. It is used to indicate that a place, person, or thing is vulnerable to being overcome or seized.

Inflection: Masculine, Feminine, Neuter; Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, Dative; Singular, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΛΩΤΟΣ, ΛΗΠΤΟΣ

Etymology: Derived from the verb 'αλίσκομαι' (haliskomai), meaning 'to be captured' or 'to be taken', which itself comes from the root 'αλ-' (hal-). The suffix '-σιμος' (-simos) indicates capability or fitness for something.

G1519, G1487, G1488

Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb

Sounds like: E

Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are

Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).

G4298

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: proo-KOP-teh

Translations: to advance, to make progress, to proceed, to go forward, to succeed, to prosper

Notes: This verb means to advance, make progress, or succeed. It implies moving forward or improving in a particular area or situation. It can be used to describe a person's growth, a project's development, or a situation's worsening (when used with a negative connotation, as in 'progressing to the worse').

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΒΑΙΝΩ, ΠΡΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ΕΥΟΔΟΩ

Etymology: The word προκόπτω is a compound word formed from the preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'forward,' and the verb κόπτω (koptō), meaning 'to cut' or 'to strike.' Originally, it referred to pioneers cutting a path through obstacles to advance, and later evolved to mean making progress or advancing in a general sense.

G5613, G757

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: HOHS-er-KSAH-toh

Translations: as it began, as it was begun, how it began, how it was begun

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the conjunction "ὡς" (hōs), meaning "as" or "how," and the verb "ἤρξατο" (ērxato), which is the third person singular aorist indicative middle/passive of "ἄρχομαι" (archomai), meaning "to begin" or "to be led." Therefore, the combined word means "as it began" or "how it was begun." It describes the manner or time in which an action started.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: deh-ka-PEE-kheh-see

Translations: ten cubits long, of ten cubits

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'ten cubits long' or 'of ten cubits'. It is a compound word formed from 'δέκα' (deka), meaning 'ten', and 'πῆχυς' (pēchys), meaning 'cubit'. It is used to describe something that measures ten cubits in length.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders

Etymology: The word is a compound of the Greek numeral ΔΕΚΑ (deka), meaning 'ten', and ΠΗΧΥΣ (pēchys), meaning 'forearm' or 'cubit' (a unit of length based on the forearm).

G4883

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-har-MOH-zeh-toh

Translations: was being fitted together, was being joined together, was being harmonized

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from 'συν' (together with) and 'ἁρμόζω' (to fit, join). It describes something that was in the process of being fitted, joined, or harmonized together, often implying a process of gradual assembly or integration. It is used to describe parts coming together to form a cohesive whole.

Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Middle/Passive Voice, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΣΥΝΔΕΩ

G3736

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-po-ry-GAY-nai

Translations: to undermine, to dig under, to break through, to dig up

Notes: This word is an aorist passive infinitive form of the verb 'ὀρύσσω' (orussō), meaning 'to dig'. With the prefix 'ὑπό' (hypo-), which means 'under' or 'from beneath', the compound verb 'ὑπορύσσω' means 'to dig under' or 'to undermine'. As an infinitive, it functions like 'to undermine' or 'to be undermined', indicating the action of digging beneath something, often with the intent to weaken or collapse it. It can be used in contexts describing the breaching of walls or foundations.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΡΥΣΣΩ, ΑΝΑΤΡΕΠΩ

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: HOOP

Translations: under, by, with, from, at, through, in, of

Notes: This word is a common Greek preposition and prefix. As a preposition, it typically means 'under' or 'below', but its meaning can vary significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the accusative case, it can indicate motion towards a place ('under', 'to'). As a prefix, it means 'under', 'below', 'less than', or 'secretly', as seen in compound words like 'υποκάτω' (underneath). The form 'ΥΠ' is a common truncation of 'ΥΠΟ' when it acts as a prefix, especially before a vowel, or as part of a compound word.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or prefix)

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑ, ΕΠΙ

G3704

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: or-GAH-noys

Translations: (to) instruments, (with) instruments, (to) tools, (with) tools, (to) organs, (with) organs

Notes: This word refers to an instrument, tool, or implement of any kind. It can also refer to a musical instrument or a bodily organ. It is used to describe something by which work is accomplished or an action is performed. In the provided examples, it is used in the dative case, indicating the means or instrument by which something is done.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΡΓΑΛΕΙΟΝ, ΣΚΕΥΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'organon' comes from the verb 'ergo' (ἔργω), meaning 'to work' or 'to do'. Thus, an 'organon' is literally 'that by which work is done'.

G1410

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: doo-NA-meh-non

Translations: being able, able, capable, powerful

Notes: This word is a present participle derived from the verb 'δύναμαι' (dynamai), meaning 'to be able' or 'to have power'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing someone or something that is currently able or capable of doing something. It can be used to describe a person or thing that possesses power or ability.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter, Present, Middle/Passive

Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΡΟΝ, ΔΥΝΑΤΟΝ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑΖΟΝ

Etymology: The word 'δύναμαι' (dynamai) comes from the Greek root 'δύνα-' (dyna-), which relates to power, strength, and ability. It is connected to words like 'δύναμις' (dynamis, power) and 'δυνατός' (dynatos, powerful).

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

G5098, G4116

Part of Speech: Noun, Verb

Sounds like: TEI-khoss-eh-PLA-too-neh-toh

Translations: wall was being widened, wall was being made wide, wall was being extended

Notes: This is a compound word formed from 'ΤΕΙΧΟΣ' (teichos), meaning 'wall', and 'ἘΠΛΑΤΥΝΕΤΟ' (eplatuneto), which is the imperfect passive indicative form of 'πλατύνω' (platynō), meaning 'to widen' or 'to make wide'. Therefore, the compound means 'the wall was being widened' or 'the wall was being made wide'. It describes a continuous action of a wall expanding or becoming broader.

Inflection: ΤΕΙΧΟΣ: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter. ἘΠΛΑΤΥΝΕΤΟ: Third Person Singular, Imperfect, Passive, Indicative.

G4119

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: PLEH-ee-on

Translations: more, greater, longer, a longer time, the majority, the greater part, a greater thing

Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the comparative adjective 'πλείων' (pleiōn), meaning 'more' or 'greater'. It is used to indicate a larger quantity, degree, or duration of something. It can function as an adjective modifying a neuter noun, or as an adverb meaning 'more' or 'longer'. When used with a definite article, it can mean 'the majority' or 'the greater part'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΜΕΙΖΩΝ, ΠΕΡΙΣΣΟΤΕΡΟΝ

G2663

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: kah-TARX-ah-meh-noo

Translations: of having begun, of having made a beginning, of having taken the lead

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'κατάρχομαι', meaning 'to begin' or 'to take the lead'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. In this genitive form, it often indicates possession or origin related to the act of beginning, or it can be used in a genitive absolute construction to provide background information.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΟΜΕΝΟΥ, ΕΝΑΡΞΑΜΕΝΟΥ

G5385

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: fee-loh-tee-MEE-as

Translations: (of) ambition, (of) a love of honor, (of) a desire for honor, (of) eagerness, (of) zeal

Notes: This word refers to a love of honor, ambition, or a strong desire to achieve something, often with a sense of eagerness or zeal. It is a compound word derived from 'φίλος' (philos, meaning 'dear' or 'loving') and 'τιμή' (timē, meaning 'honor' or 'value'). It can describe a positive drive for excellence or a negative, self-serving ambition.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΖΗΛΟΣ, ΠΡΟΘΥΜΙΑ, ΕΠΙΘΥΜΙΑ

G2543

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: KAI-toy

Translations: and yet, although, though, nevertheless, yet, even though

Notes: ΚΑΙΤΟΙ is a conjunction or adverb used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or qualifies what has just been said. It often implies a sense of 'and yet' or 'nevertheless,' indicating a concession or a surprising fact. It can be used to introduce a counter-argument or to emphasize a point despite previous information.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙΠΕΡ, ΟΜΩΣ, ΠΛΗΝ

Etymology: ΚΑΙΤΟΙ is a compound word formed from the conjunction ΚΑΙ (kai, 'and, also, even') and the particle ΤΟΙ (toi, 'indeed, surely'). It emphasizes the 'and yet' or 'nevertheless' aspect.

G3326, G4710

Part of Speech: Adverbial Phrase

Sounds like: meh-tah-spoo-DEHS

Translations: with haste, with diligence, with eagerness, quickly, diligently, eagerly

Notes: This is an adverbial phrase formed from the preposition 'μετά' (meta) meaning 'with' and the genitive singular of the noun 'σπουδή' (spoudē) meaning 'haste' or 'diligence'. It describes an action performed with speed, earnestness, or zeal. It functions similarly to an adverb, indicating the manner in which something is done.

Inflection: Genitive, Singular, Feminine (used adverbially)

Synonyms: ΤΑΧΕΩΣ, ΕΝ ΤΑΧΕΙ, ΣΠΟΥΔΑΙΩΣ

Etymology: The word 'σπουδή' (spoudē) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to push, to urge'. The preposition 'μετά' (meta) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'middle' or 'among'.

G1453

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: eh-GAY-roh-meh-non

Translations: being raised, being awakened, being stirred up, being aroused

Notes: This word is a present middle or passive participle, meaning 'being raised,' 'being awakened,' or 'being stirred up.' It describes an action that is currently happening to the subject, or an action the subject is doing to itself. It can be used to describe something that is being built up, or someone who is being roused from sleep or inactivity.

Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive Voice, Participle, Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative Case

Synonyms: ΑΝΙΣΤΑΜΕΝΟΝ, ΔΙΕΓΕΙΡΟΜΕΝΟΝ

Etymology: From an assumed root meaning 'to collect, gather'.

G1849

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: eh-PALK-sace

Translations: battlements, parapets, ramparts

Notes: This word refers to the defensive structures built on top of a wall, typically with openings for shooting. It is used to describe the fortified upper parts of a city wall or fortress, providing protection for defenders.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΤΕΙΧΟΣ, ΠΥΡΓΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΑΛΞΙΣ (epalxis) comes from the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'on', and ἄλξις (alxis), which is related to the verb ἀλέξω (alexo), meaning 'to ward off' or 'to defend'. Thus, it literally means 'that which is upon for defense'.

G4269

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pro-MAKH-oh-nas

Translations: bulwark, rampart, defense, a bulwark, a rampart, a defense

Notes: This word refers to a defensive structure, such as a bulwark, rampart, or fortification, typically built around a city or stronghold to protect it from attack. It is a compound word, formed from 'προ' (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of', and 'μάχομαι' (machomai), meaning 'to fight'. Thus, it literally means 'that which fights before' or 'that which is in front for fighting'. It is used to describe a protective barrier.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΤΕΙΧΟΣ, ΟΧΥΡΩΜΑ, ΦΡΟΥΡΙΟΝ

G3956

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: PAN

Translations: all, every, whole, everything, a whole

Notes: This word is the neuter nominative or accusative singular form of the adjective/pronoun ΠΑΣ (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'. It is used to indicate totality or universality. For example, it can mean 'all things' or 'everything' when used substantively, or 'the whole' when modifying a singular noun. It can also be used to mean 'every' when referring to individual items within a group.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ

Etymology: The word ΠΑΣ (pas) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *peh₂- meaning 'to protect, feed'. Its meaning evolved to 'all' or 'whole' in Greek.

Part of Speech: Numeral

Sounds like: ee-KOH-see-PEN-teh

Translations: twenty-five

Notes: This is a compound numeral meaning 'twenty-five'. It is formed from the words 'εἴκοσι' (twenty) and 'πέντε' (five). It is used to indicate the quantity of twenty-five of something, similar to how 'twenty-five' is used in English.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΚΟΣΙΠΕΝΤΕ is a compound of two Greek words: ΕἸΚΟΣΙ (eikosi), meaning 'twenty', and ΠΕΝΤΕ (pente), meaning 'five'. ΕἸΚΟΣΙ derives from Proto-Indo-European, and ΠΕΝΤΕ also comes from Proto-Indo-European.

G0399

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-nah-teh-TAHSS-thai

Translations: to stretch out, to lift up, to raise, to extend

Notes: This word is the perfect middle or passive infinitive form of the verb 'ἀνατείνω'. It describes the action of being stretched out, lifted up, or extended. It is used to express a completed action from the perspective of the present, often indicating a state resulting from a past action.

Inflection: Infinitive, Perfect, Middle or Passive

Synonyms: ΕΚΤΕΙΝΩ, ΥΨΟΩ, ΑΙΡΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀνατείνω (anateínō), from ἀνά (aná, 'up, again') + τείνω (teínō, 'to stretch, to extend').

G5242

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-per-AY-khon

Translations: excelled, surpassed, were superior, projected, stood out

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'ὑπέρ' (hyper), meaning 'over' or 'above', and the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. Together, it means to be superior, to excel, or to project above something. In its inflected form 'ὑπερεῖχον', it describes an action that was ongoing or repeated in the past, indicating that subjects were excelling, surpassing, or projecting.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΣΣΕΥΩ, ΠΡΟΕΧΩ

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ice-EH-oo-ross

Translations: width, breadth, a width, a breadth

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the preposition εἰς (eis), meaning 'into' or 'to', and the noun εὖρος (euros), meaning 'width' or 'breadth'. It refers to the measurement of something from side to side. It is often used in phrases like 'in width' or 'as to width'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣΕΥ̓ΡΟΣ is a compound of the preposition εἰς (eis), meaning 'into, to', and the noun εὖρος (euros), meaning 'width, breadth'.

G5618

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: OH-sper

Translations: just as, as, even as, like, in the same way as

Notes: This word functions as a comparative adverb or conjunction, meaning 'just as' or 'even as'. It is used to introduce a clause that draws a comparison or analogy, indicating that something is happening or is true in the same manner or degree as something else. It emphasizes the similarity between two things or actions.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΑΠΕΡ

Etymology: From the adverb ὡς (hōs, "as") and the particle περ (per, "indeed, very"), emphasizing the comparison.

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: OW-toh

Translations: self, same, he, she, it, by itself, of itself, himself, herself, itself

Notes: This word appears to be a misspelling or a very rare, possibly archaic or dialectal, form of the neuter singular pronoun/adjective 'αὐτό' (auto), which means 'self' or 'it'. In the provided context, 'ὥσπερ αὐτότο' likely intends to convey 'as if by itself' or 'as if complete/solid/full'. The standard form would be 'αὐτό'.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (likely a misspelling of the standard form)

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'αὐτός' (autos) comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved to mean 'self' or 'same', and later also served as the third-person pronoun.

G0000

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: har-mo-NEE-ah

Translations: harmony, agreement, a harmony, an agreement

Notes: This word refers to a fitting together, agreement, or concord, especially in musical terms, but also in a broader sense of agreement or unity. It describes a state where different parts or elements are in balance and proportion, creating a pleasing whole. It can be used to describe the harmonious sound of music or the agreement between people or ideas.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΥΜΦΩΝΙΑ, ΟΜΟΝΟΙΑ

Etymology: From the Greek verb ἀρμόζω (harmozō), meaning 'to join, to fit together'. It refers to the fitting or joining of parts, leading to a sense of order and agreement.

G2570

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KAL-los

Translations: beauty, a beauty, splendor, glory

Notes: This word refers to beauty, splendor, or glory. It is often used to describe physical attractiveness or the magnificent appearance of something. It can also refer to the inherent excellence or glory of a person or thing. In the provided examples, it is used to describe the beauty of gold, the splendor of God's glory, and the beauty of Jerusalem.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΩΡΑΙΟΤΗΣ, ΕΥΠΡΕΠΕΙΑ, ΔΟΞΑ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΛΛΟΣ derives from the adjective καλός (kalos), meaning 'beautiful, good'. It refers to the quality or state of being beautiful.

G3762, G584

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: oo-DEH-nah-PEH-dee

Translations: he showed no one, he proved no one, he demonstrated no one

Notes: This word appears to be a compound of two Koine Greek words: ΟΥ̓ΔΕΝ (ouden), meaning 'no one' or 'nothing', and ἈΠΕΔΕΙ (apedei), which is likely an inflected form of the verb ἈΠΟΔΕΊΚΝΥΜΙ (apodeiknymi), meaning 'to show, to prove, to demonstrate'. Therefore, the combined meaning is 'he showed no one', 'he proved no one', or 'he demonstrated no one'. It describes an action where the subject did not reveal or establish something to anyone.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΔΕΙΣ, ΔΕΊΚΝΥΜΙ, ΦΑΊΝΩ

G3485

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: NAH-oo

Translations: of a temple, of the temple, to a temple, to the temple, temples

Notes: This word refers to a temple or a sanctuary, specifically the inner part of a temple where the deity was worshipped. It can also refer to the entire sacred edifice. In the provided examples, it appears in the genitive singular (of the temple) and the nominative/accusative plural (temples).

Inflection: Singular, Genitive or Dative; or Plural, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative; Masculine

Synonyms: ΙΕΡΟΝ, ΝΕΩΣ

Etymology: The word ΝΑΟΣ (naos) is of uncertain origin, possibly from a root meaning 'to dwell' or 'to inhabit'. It refers to a dwelling place, particularly of a god.

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: NAH-ston

Translations: thick, dense, compact, solid, a thick, a dense, a compact, a solid

Notes: This word describes something that is thick, dense, or compact in nature. It can refer to physical objects that are solid and closely packed together, or it can be used metaphorically to describe something that is substantial or firm. It is used to describe the quality of being tightly woven or closely knit.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΠΥΚΝΟΣ, ΣΤΕΡΕΟΣ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is believed to be derived from a root meaning 'to press' or 'to be pressed together'.

G4444

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PYR-gohn

Translations: of towers, towers

Notes: This word refers to towers, which are tall, fortified structures, often part of a city wall or a standalone defensive building. In its genitive plural form, as seen here, it indicates possession or origin, meaning 'of towers' or 'belonging to towers'. It can also be used to indicate the object of certain prepositions or verbs that take the genitive case.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΤΕΙΧΟΣ, ΦΡΟΥΡΙΟΝ

Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly pre-Greek. It refers to a tower or a fortified structure.

G3754

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-per

Translations: the very thing which, which, whatsoever, as, just as

Notes: ΟΠΕΡ is an intensive relative pronoun, meaning 'the very thing which' or 'whatsoever'. It is used to emphasize the preceding noun or idea, often functioning as a stronger form of 'which' or 'what'. It can introduce a clause that specifies or elaborates on something already mentioned, or it can indicate a cause or reason.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: Ο, ΟΣ, ΟΣΠΕΡ

Etymology: ΟΠΕΡ is a compound word formed from the relative pronoun ὅ (ho), meaning 'who, which, what', and the enclitic particle περ (per), which adds emphasis or intensity, often translated as 'just, even, indeed'.

G3624

Part of Speech: Noun, Adverb

Sounds like: OY-koy

Translations: houses, homes, (to) houses, (to) homes, at home, in the house, in the home

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the noun 'οἶκος' (oikos), meaning 'house', 'home', or 'household'. As a noun, 'οἶκοι' can be the nominative plural (meaning 'houses' or 'homes') or the dative plural (meaning 'to houses' or 'to homes'). It can also function adverbially as a locative, meaning 'at home' or 'in the house/home'. It refers to a dwelling place, a family unit, or even a temple.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Dative; or Locative (adverbial)

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΙΑ, ΟΙΚΗΜΑ, ΔΩΜΑ

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: kath-yoo-PER-then

Translations: from above, above, over

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'from above' or 'over'. It is a compound word formed from 'κατά' (down, against), 'ὑπέρ' (over, above), and the suffix '-θεν' (indicating origin or direction from). It is used to indicate a position or origin that is higher than something else.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΝΩΘΕΝ, ΕΠΑΝΩ

Etymology: This word is a compound adverb derived from the preposition 'κατά' (down, against), the preposition 'ὑπέρ' (over, above), and the suffix '-θεν' (from, indicating origin).

G5246

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: hoo-peh-ROH-ah

Translations: upper rooms, upper chambers, lofts

Notes: This word refers to the upper story or an upper room within a house or building. These rooms were often used for living, sleeping, or meeting, and could be quite spacious. It is the plural form of the noun 'hyperōon'.

Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The word 'hyperōon' is derived from the Greek preposition 'hyper' (meaning 'over' or 'above') and 'ōon' (meaning 'egg' or 'chamber'). It literally refers to something 'over the chamber' or 'above the house'.

G1209, G5037

Part of Speech: Participle, Conjunction

Sounds like: dek-sa-MEH-nai-teh

Translations: and having received, and having accepted, and having taken, and having welcomed

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the perfect middle/passive participle of the verb δέχομαι (dechomai), meaning "to receive" or "to accept," and the enclitic conjunction τε (te), meaning "and" or "both... and." The combined word therefore means "and having received" or "and having accepted." It describes an action of receiving or taking that has been completed, with the added sense of connection provided by "and."

Inflection: Perfect, Middle/Passive, Feminine, Nominative/Vocative, Plural

G1538

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-KAS-ton

Translations: each, every, each one, every one, each thing, every thing

Notes: This word means 'each' or 'every', referring to individual items or persons within a group. It is used to emphasize the distinctness of each member. It can function as an adjective modifying a noun, or as a pronoun standing in for 'each one' or 'each thing'.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΕΚΑΣΤΟΣ, ΠΑΣ

Etymology: The word comes from an intensive form of the demonstrative pronoun 'he' or 'that', emphasizing individuality.

G459

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: AH-no-doy

Translations: ascents, goings up, ways up, stairs, steps

Notes: This word refers to a going up, an ascent, or a way leading upwards. It can also denote a set of stairs or steps. It is typically used to describe physical movement upwards or a path that leads to a higher place.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΒΑΣΕΙΣ, ΑΝΑΒΑΣΜΟΙ

Etymology: The word ἈΝΟΔΟΣ is a compound word formed from the preposition ἀνά (aná), meaning 'up' or 'upwards', and the noun ὁδός (hodós), meaning 'way' or 'road'. Thus, it literally means 'up-way' or 'upward road'.

G5108

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: toy-OO-tooss

Translations: such, such a kind, such as these, such people

Notes: This word is a demonstrative adjective meaning 'such' or 'of such a kind'. It is used to refer to persons or things that have been previously mentioned or are implied by the context. It describes the quality or nature of something, indicating that it is of the type or character just described or understood.

Inflection: Masculine or Feminine, Plural, Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΙΟΣ, ΤΟΣΟΥΤΟΣ

Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun 'οὗτος' (this) and the correlative particle 'τοῖος' (such).

G3767

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OON

Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G0303

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb, Prefix

Sounds like: ah-NAH

Translations: up, upward, again, back, each, per, through, among, by, on, upon

Notes: ἈΝΑ is a versatile Koine Greek word that can function as a preposition, an adverb, or a prefix in compound words. As a preposition, it typically takes the accusative case and signifies movement 'up' or 'upward', or distribution 'each' or 'per'. As an adverb, it can mean 'up' or 'upward'. When used as a prefix, it often conveys meanings such as 'up', 'back', 'again', or 're-'. For example, in 'ἈΝΑΣΤΗΘΙ' (anastethi), it means 'stand up' or 'rise up'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΝΩ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'on, upon, up'.

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: OW

Translations: he, she, it, him, her, them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, same, very

Notes: This word is an elided form of the pronoun ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ (autos), meaning 'he, she, it' or 'himself, herself, itself'. The coronis (̓) indicates that the final vowel of the original word has been dropped due to elision, usually before a word starting with a vowel. It functions as a personal pronoun (third person) or an intensive/demonstrative pronoun, depending on its position and context in a sentence. It can refer to a person or thing already mentioned, or emphasize the subject or object.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Accusative

G3307

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: meh-meh-RIS-toh

Translations: it had been divided, it was divided, it was distributed, it was apportioned

Notes: This word is the third person singular pluperfect indicative passive form of the verb 'μερίζω' (merizo). It describes an action that was completed in the past before another past action, and the subject of the verb is the recipient of the action. It means 'it had been divided' or 'it was divided/distributed'.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Pluperfect, Indicative, Passive

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΙΡΕΩ, ΔΙΑΜΕΡΙΖΩ

G3956

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PAS

Translations: all, every, whole, any, a whole

Notes: This word means 'all', 'every', or 'whole'. It is used to indicate totality or completeness. It can refer to every single item in a group, or the entirety of something. For example, 'all people' or 'the whole house'. It often takes on the meaning of 'every' when used with a singular noun, and 'all' when used with a plural noun. It can also mean 'any' in certain contexts.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words meaning 'all' or 'every' in various Indo-European languages.

G2945

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KOO-klos

Translations: circle, circuit, a circle, a circuit, ring, a ring, circumference, a circumference

Notes: This word refers to a circle, a ring, or a circuit. It can describe a physical shape or a surrounding area. It is often used to denote the circumference or the entire extent of something, such as a city wall or a surrounding group of people.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΤΕΦΑΝΟΣ, ΔΑΚΤΥΛΙΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷeh₁-kʷl-os, a reduplicated form of the root *kʷel- ('to turn, move around'). It refers to something that turns or is round.

G1510

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ON-tos

Translations: (of) being, (of) existing, (of) a being, (of) an existing one

Notes: ὈΝΤΟΣ is the genitive singular present active participle of the verb 'to be'. It means 'being' or 'existing'. It is often used in genitive absolute constructions, which function like a subordinate clause, indicating time, cause, or circumstance, such as 'while it was being' or 'because it was being'.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to be' or 'to exist'.

G2298

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: thav-mah-see-OH-teh-ross

Translations: more wonderful, more amazing, more marvelous, more admirable

Notes: This word is a comparative adjective, meaning 'more wonderful' or 'more amazing'. It is used to describe something that surpasses another in its quality of being wonderful or remarkable. It can be used to compare two things, indicating that one possesses the quality of 'wonderfulness' to a greater degree than the other.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine, Comparative

Synonyms: ΘΑΥΜΑΣΤΟΤΕΡΟΣ, ΕΚΠΛΗΚΤΙΚΩΤΕΡΟΣ

G5308

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: hoop-SEE-loss

Translations: high, lofty, exalted, a high one, a lofty one

Notes: This word describes something that is high in position, stature, or rank. It can refer to physical height, such as a high mountain or a high wall, or to a metaphorical height, such as a high status or an exalted position. It is often used to describe God or divine attributes, indicating His supreme authority and majesty. As an adjective, it modifies nouns and agrees with them in gender, number, and case.

Inflection: All genders, All numbers, All cases

Synonyms: ΑΝΩ, ΜΕΓΑΣ, ΥΠΕΡΕΧΩΝ

Etymology: From the Greek word ὕψος (hypsos), meaning 'height' or 'summit'. It is related to the concept of being elevated or lifted up.

G0393

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-NIS-khon-tos

Translations: of rising, of coming up, of appearing, of dawning

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'rising' or 'coming up'. It describes an action that is currently in progress. As a participle, it functions like an adjective and a verb, modifying a noun while also conveying verbal action. In this genitive form, it often indicates the time or circumstance of an event, such as 'at the rising of the sun'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ἈΝΑΤΕΛΛΟΝΤΟΣ, ἘΚΦΥΟΜΕΝΟΥ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀνά (aná, 'up') and ἴσχω (ískhō, 'to hold, to have'). The word literally means 'to hold up' or 'to cause to rise', evolving to mean 'to rise' or 'to come up'.

G3930, G0859

Part of Speech: Verb, Noun

Sounds like: par-EE-khen-ah-fo-RAN

Translations: it provided a view, it offered a view, it afforded a view, it provided a bringing back, it offered a payment

Notes: This is a compound word, likely a combination of the verb 'ΠΑΡΕΙΧΕΝ' (an inflected form of 'ΠΑΡΕΧΩ', meaning 'to provide, offer, supply') and the noun 'ἈΦΟΡΑΝ' (an inflected form of 'ἈΦΟΡΆ', meaning 'a bringing back, a return, a payment, an offering', or 'a view, a prospect'). The most common interpretation in context is 'it provided a view' or 'it afforded a view', referring to something offering a specific outlook or perspective. It could also mean 'it provided a payment' or 'it offered a return'. The specific meaning depends on the context.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Imperfect Indicative Active (ΠΑΡΕΙΧΕΝ) and Singular, Accusative, Feminine (ἈΦΟΡΑΝ)

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΠΡΟΣΦΕΡΩ, ΘΕΑ

G2281

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: tha-LAHT-tays

Translations: of the sea, of a sea, of the lake, of a lake

Notes: This word refers to a large body of water, such as a sea or a lake. It is commonly used to describe geographical features or as a setting for events, often indicating origin or possession related to the sea.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΕΛΑΓΟΣ, ΛΙΜΝΗ

Etymology: The word "θάλασσα" (thalassa) is of pre-Greek origin, meaning it existed in the region before the arrival of Greek speakers. It is not derived from a Proto-Indo-European root.

G2078

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ES-kha-tah

Translations: last, final, outermost, end, a last thing, the end

Notes: This word describes something that is at the very end, the furthest point, or the most extreme. It can refer to the last in a series, the outermost boundary, or the ultimate state of something. It can be used as an adjective to modify a noun, or as a noun itself meaning 'the end' or 'the last thing'.

Inflection: Neuter Plural Nominative or Accusative, or Feminine Singular Nominative

Synonyms: ΤΕΛΕΥΤΑΙΟΣ, ἘΣΧΑΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἔσχατος (eschatos) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the Proto-Indo-European root *eghs- meaning 'out'. It refers to the extreme or last point in space or time.

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ok-TAH-go-nos

Translations: octagonal, eight-angled

Notes: This word describes something that has eight angles or eight sides. It is a compound word formed from 'ὀκτώ' (okto), meaning 'eight', and 'γωνία' (gonia), meaning 'angle' or 'corner'. It is used to describe the shape of an object, such as an octagonal building or a figure with eight sides.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine

Etymology: The word ὈΚΤΑΓΩΝΟΣ is a compound of the Koine Greek word ὈΚΤΩ (okto), meaning 'eight', and ΓΩΝΙΑ (gonia), meaning 'angle' or 'corner'.

G3844

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: pa-RAH

Translations: beside, by, near, from, with, at, along, beyond, against, through, in the presence of, alongside, a

Notes: This word functions primarily as a preposition, indicating proximity, origin, or comparison. It can mean 'beside,' 'from,' 'with,' 'at,' or 'alongside,' depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used as a prefix in compound words, it often conveys ideas of proximity, deviation, or intensity, such as 'alongside,' 'beyond,' 'contrary to,' or 'through.'

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΣΥΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *per- (meaning 'forward, through'). It is cognate with English 'for' and 'through'.

Part of Speech: Unknown

Sounds like: OW-ton-DEW-oh

Translations: him two, it two, them two

Notes: This word appears to be a compound of two Koine Greek words: ΑΥ̓ΤΟΝ (AUTON), which is the accusative singular masculine or neuter of the pronoun ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ (AUTOS), meaning 'him', 'it', or 'himself'; and ΔΥΟ (DUO), meaning 'two'. The combination 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΝΔΥΟ' is not a standard or recognized word in Koine Greek. It is highly probable that this is a misspelling, a transcription error, or a unique, non-standard compound used in a specific context, possibly meaning 'him two' or 'it two'. It could also be a garbled form of two separate words that should have been written with a space between them, such as 'αὐτὸν δύο' (auton duo).

Inflection: Unknown

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: OOF

Translations: under, by, with, from, at the hand of, by means of, through

Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition 'ΥΠΟ' (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'by'. The final vowel of 'ΥΠΟ' is dropped when the following word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark. It indicates a position beneath something, or agency (by means of someone/something), or cause. It can also denote the instrument or agent by which something is done. It is a very common preposition in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect; governs the genitive and accusative cases.

Etymology: The word 'ΥΠΟ' (hypo) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'under'. It is related to English words like 'hypodermic' and 'hypothermia'.

G1722

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: meh-gah-lo-PSY-khoh

Translations: to be magnanimous, to be great-souled, to show magnanimity

Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning "to be magnanimous" or "to be great-souled." It describes the act of demonstrating a noble and generous spirit, especially in forgiving others or in facing adversity with courage and dignity. It is formed from the words "μέγας" (great) and "ψυχή" (soul, spirit).

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, First Person Singular

Synonyms: ΕΥΓΝΩΜΟΝΕΩ, ΦΙΛΟΤΙΜΕΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΜΕΓΑΛΟΨΥΧΩ is derived from the adjective μεγαλοψυχος (megalopsychos), meaning "great-souled" or "magnanimous." This adjective itself is a compound of μέγας (megas), meaning "great," and ψυχή (psychē), meaning "soul" or "spirit."

G4012, G3588

Part of Speech: Preposition, Article

Sounds like: PEH-ree TEEN

Translations: concerning the, about the, around the, for the, with regard to the

Notes: This is a compound phrase formed by the preposition 'ΠΕΡΙ' (peri), meaning 'around, about, concerning,' and the definite article 'ΤΗΝ' (tēn), which is the accusative singular feminine form of 'the'. Together, 'ΠΕΡΙ ΤΗΝ' is used to indicate a relationship of being around something, concerning something, or with regard to something, specifically a feminine singular noun in the accusative case. It functions as a prepositional phrase.

Inflection: Preposition (does not inflect), Article (Singular, Accusative, Feminine)

G5389

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: fee-loh-tee-MEE-ah

Translations: ambition, love of honor, eagerness, zeal, generosity, a love of honor, an eagerness

Notes: This is a compound word derived from 'φίλος' (philos), meaning 'friend' or 'loving', and 'τιμή' (timē), meaning 'honor' or 'value'. It refers to a strong desire for honor, distinction, or recognition. Depending on the context, it can imply a positive sense of noble ambition, generosity, or zeal, or a more negative sense of vainglory or self-seeking. It describes a characteristic or motivation rather than a specific action.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΖΗΛΟΣ, ΕΠΙΘΥΜΙΑ, ΦΙΛΟΔΟΞΙΑ

Etymology: The word is a compound of 'φίλος' (philos), meaning 'dear, beloved, friendly', and 'τιμή' (timē), meaning 'honor, esteem, value'. It describes the state of being 'loving of honor'.

G0935

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: bah-see-LEHFS

Translations: king, a king, ruler, sovereign

Notes: This word refers to a king or a ruler, someone who holds supreme authority over a territory or people. It is commonly used to denote a monarch or sovereign. In a sentence, it would function as a noun, often as the subject or object, indicating the person in power.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ

Etymology: From an uncertain root, possibly related to a word meaning 'base' or 'foundation', suggesting one who stands at the foundation of power or authority. It has been used since ancient Greek times to refer to a monarch.

G5483

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ek-HAH-ri-zeh-toh

Translations: he was giving graciously, he was showing favor, he was forgiving, he was granting, he was bestowing

Notes: This word describes an action of giving or showing favor, often with an implication of grace, kindness, or forgiveness. It can also mean to grant or bestow something as a gift. In this form, it indicates an ongoing or repeated action in the past, performed by a single male or neuter subject, and the action could be either for the subject's own benefit (middle voice) or done to the subject (passive voice).

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle or Passive, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΔΩΡΕΟΜΑΙ, ΑΦΙΗΜΙ

G2234

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: HAY-dis-toys

Translations: to the sweetest, to the most pleasant, to the most agreeable

Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the superlative adjective meaning 'sweetest' or 'most pleasant'. It describes something or someone as being the most delightful or agreeable among a group. It would be used in a sentence to indicate the recipient of an action or the object of a preposition, referring to those who are 'the sweetest' or 'the most pleasant'.

Inflection: Superlative, Dative, Plural, All genders

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΛΙΣΤΟΙΣ, ΤΕΡΠΝΟΤΑΤΟΙΣ

Etymology: The word ἡδύς (hēdys) comes from Proto-Indo-European *sweh₂d- (sweet, pleasant). It is related to English 'sweet'.

G0575

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: AF

Translations: from, away from, by, of

Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition ΑΠΟ (APO), which means 'from' or 'away from'. The final vowel of ΑΠΟ is dropped (elided) when it precedes a word that begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark (indicated by the apostrophe-like symbol over the vowel). It indicates separation, origin, or cause, often translated as 'from' or 'away from'. It can also denote the agent 'by' or the source 'of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition)

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *apo- 'off, away'. It is cognate with Latin ab, English off, and German ab.

G0080

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-del-PHO

Translations: to brother, to a brother, to fellow believer, to a fellow believer, to countryman, to a countryman

Notes: This word refers to a brother by birth, but it is also commonly used in a broader sense to refer to a fellow countryman, a fellow human being, or, especially in a religious context, a fellow believer or disciple. It is a dative form, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.

Inflection: Dative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ἈΔΕΛΦΟΤΗΣ, ΣΥΝΕΡΓΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΔΕΛΦΟΣ is a compound word formed from the prefix ἀ- (a-), meaning 'together' or 'same', and δελφύς (delphys), meaning 'womb'. Thus, it literally means 'from the same womb'.

G3422, G0394

Part of Speech: Noun, Verb

Sounds like: MNEE-meen AH-ne-THEH-keh

Translations: a memorial, he dedicated, she dedicated, it dedicated

Notes: This appears to be a compound or a phrase formed by the noun 'ΜΝΗΜΗΝ' (mnemen), meaning 'memory' or 'memorial' in the accusative case, and the verb 'ἈΝΕΘΗΚΕ' (anetheke), meaning 'he/she/it dedicated' or 'set up'. Together, it likely means 'he/she/it dedicated a memorial' or 'set up a memorial'. The noun 'ΜΝΗΜΗΝ' is the direct object of the verb 'ἈΝΕΘΗΚΕ'.

Inflection: ΜΝΗΜΗΝ: Singular, Accusative, Feminine. ἈΝΕΘΗΚΕ: Third Person Singular, Aorist Indicative Active.

Synonyms: ΜΝΗΜΕΙΟΝ, ΑΦΙΕΡΟΩ

G2892

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: KTEI-nas

Translations: having killed, having slain, killing, slaying

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'κτείνω', meaning 'to kill' or 'to slay'. As an aorist active participle, it describes an action of killing that has been completed prior to the main verb's action. It functions adjectivally, modifying a noun or pronoun, and can be translated as 'having killed' or 'the one who killed'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΚΤΕΙΝΑΣ, ΦΟΝΕΥΣΑΣ

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: DEE

Translations: through, by means of, on account of, because of, 14

Notes: This word is most commonly an elided form of the preposition ΔΙΑ (dia), meaning 'through', 'by means of', 'on account of', or 'because of'. It is used to indicate the means by which something is done or the reason for an action. It can also represent the Greek numeral 14, indicated by a keraia (a mark similar to an apostrophe) which is often omitted in transcription.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or numeral)

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΥΠΟ, ΕΝΕΚΕΝ

Etymology: The preposition ΔΙΑ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G2065

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-ROH-tah

Translations: ask, question, request, entreat, interrogate

Notes: This word means to ask, question, or make a request. It can be used in various contexts where one seeks information or makes an appeal. It is often used when someone asks a direct question or makes a formal request.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Singular; or Present, Active, Imperative, Second Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑἸΤΕΩ, ΠΥΝΘΑΝΟΜΑΙ, ΖΗΤΕΩ

Etymology: From a prolonged form of a primary verb ἔρομαι (eromai), which means 'to ask'.

G1161, G0001, G0906

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Participle

Sounds like: deh-ah-po-bal-OHN

Translations: and having cast off, but having thrown away, moreover having lost

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the particle 'δὲ' (de), meaning 'but', 'and', or 'moreover', and the aorist active participle of 'ἀποβάλλω' (apoballō), meaning 'to throw away', 'cast off', or 'lose'. The particle 'δὲ' is postpositive, meaning it typically comes second in its clause. The combined meaning indicates an action of discarding or losing, with an added connective or contrastive nuance.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΠΟΡΡΙΠΤΩ, ΑΠΟΛΛΥΜΙ

G0075

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-goh-nee-SAH-meh-noos

Translations: having contended, having struggled, having fought, having striven

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'agonizomai', meaning to contend, struggle, or fight. It describes someone who has already engaged in a contest or struggle. It is often used in the context of athletic contests, battles, or spiritual struggles, indicating a past action of striving or competing.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Masculine, Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΜΑΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΑΛΑΙΩ, ἘΡΙΖΩ

G2462, G0575

Part of Speech: Adjective, Preposition

Sounds like: hip-pi-KOS ah-POH

Translations: equestrian from, of a horse from

Notes: This appears to be a compound or concatenated word, likely a misspelling or typo of 'ΙΠΠΙΚΟΣ' (hippikos), meaning 'of a horse' or 'equestrian', followed by 'ἈΠΟ' (apo), a preposition meaning 'from' or 'away from'. In Koine Greek, words are typically separated by spaces. If it were intended as a single word, it would be highly unusual and its meaning would be a combination of 'equestrian' and 'from', possibly implying 'from the equestrian' or 'equestrian-derived'.

Inflection: ΙΠΠΙΚΟΣ: Masculine, Nominative, Singular; ἈΠΟ: Does not inflect (preposition)

G5384

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: fee-LOO

Translations: of a friend, of a beloved one, of a dear one, a friend, a beloved one, a dear one

Notes: This word refers to someone who is loved, dear, or a friend. It is used to describe a close companion or someone held in high regard. It can be used in a possessive sense (of a friend) or to refer to multiple friends (friends).

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΤΑΙΡΟΣ, ΣΥΝΕΡΓΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb ΦΙΛΕΩ (phileō), meaning 'to love' or 'to be fond of'. It is related to the concept of affection and fondness.

G2532, G3372

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Noun

Sounds like: kahee-MAY-koss

Translations: and length

Notes: This is a compound phrase formed by the conjunction "καί" (kai), meaning "and," and the noun "μῆκος" (mēkos), meaning "length." It is used to connect "length" with another element in a sentence, often indicating a measurement or dimension alongside something else, such as width or height. For example, it might be used in a phrase like "width and length."

Inflection: Does not inflect (compound of a conjunction and a singular, nominative/accusative, neuter noun)

G5144

Part of Speech: Numeral

Sounds like: tree-AH-kon-tah

Translations: thirty

Notes: This word means 'thirty' and is used to denote the number 30. It functions as an indeclinable numeral, meaning its form does not change regardless of the gender, case, or number of the noun it modifies. It is typically used to quantify nouns, indicating a quantity of thirty units.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: From τρεῖς (treis, “three”) and a suffix related to -κοντα (-konta, “-ty”), indicating multiples of ten. It is cognate with Latin triginta and English thirty.

Part of Speech: Unknown

Sounds like: OO-da-MOO-dee-a-KEH-noss

Translations: nowhere through empty, nowhere by means of empty

Notes: This appears to be a compound word or a phrase formed by combining three distinct Koine Greek words: ΟΥ̓ΔΑΜΟΥ (oudamou), meaning 'nowhere' or 'in no place'; ΔΙΑ (dia), meaning 'through' or 'by means of'; and ΚΕΝΟΣ (kenos), meaning 'empty' or 'void'. As a single word, ΟΥ̓̓ΔΑΜΟΥΔΙΑΚΕΝΟΣ is not recognized in standard Koine Greek lexicons. It is highly probable that this is a transcription error, a garbled text, or a unique, non-standard compound created for a specific context. Its literal meaning would be 'nowhere through empty' or 'nowhere by means of empty', which is grammatically awkward and semantically unclear as a single concept.

Inflection: Unknown

G4946

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: soon-ay-NO-meh-non

Translations: united, joined together, combined, a united thing, a joined thing, a combined thing

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been united' or 'having been joined together'. It describes something that has been brought into a state of unity or combination with something else. It is often used to describe physical joining or a metaphorical union. As a participle, it can function adjectivally, describing a noun, or substantively, acting as a noun itself.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΗΝΩΜΕΝΟΝ, ΣΥΝΔΕΔΕΜΕΝΟΝ

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: eis-ek-do-KHEEN

Translations: reception, a reception, reservoir, a reservoir, cistern, a cistern, (for) receiving

Notes: This is a compound noun formed from the prepositions ΕἸΣ (eis, "into") and ΕΚ (ek, "out of"), combined with ΔΟΧΗ (dochē, "reception"). It refers to the act or place of receiving something, often implying a capacity or container for reception, such as a reservoir or cistern. It describes something designed to take in or hold a substance, like water.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: This word is a compound noun derived from the preposition ΕἸΣ (eis, "into"), the preposition ΕΚ (ek, "out of"), and the noun ΔΟΧΗ (dochē, "reception, acceptance").

G3796

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: OM-bron

Translations: of showers, of rains

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the noun ὄμβρος (ombros), which means 'rain' or 'shower'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship, often translated as 'of showers' or 'of rains'. For example, it might be used in a phrase like 'a collection of showers' or 'the season of rains'.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΥΕΤΩΝ, ΒΡΟΧΩΝ

Etymology: The word ὄμβρος (ombros) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'rain' or 'cloudy'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that refer to rain or moisture.

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ee-koh-SAH-pee-khoos

Translations: twenty cubits long, twenty cubits deep

Notes: This is a compound adjective meaning 'twenty cubits long' or 'twenty cubits deep'. It is formed from 'εἴκοσι' (eikosi), meaning 'twenty', and 'πῆχυς' (pēchys), meaning 'cubit'. It is used to describe something that measures twenty cubits in length or depth.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine

Etymology: This word is a compound of two Greek words: 'εἴκοσι' (eikosi), meaning 'twenty', and 'πῆχυς' (pēchys), meaning 'cubit'.

G1883

Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: eh-pa-NOH

Translations: above, over, on, upon, up, more than

Notes: This word functions as an adverb meaning 'above' or 'on top'. It can also be used as a preposition, often taking the genitive case, to indicate position 'over' or 'upon' something, or to mean 'more than' in a comparative sense. It describes location or superiority.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἘΠΙ, ὙΠΕΡ

Etymology: This word is a compound of the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'on', and ἄνω (anō), meaning 'upwards' or 'above'.

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: too-TOO-dee-STEH-goss

Translations: of this two-storied, of this two-storied building, a two-storied building of this

Notes: This is a compound word formed from 'ΤΟΥΤΟΥ' (of this), 'ΔΙΣ' (twice), and 'ΣΤΕΓΟΣ' (roof, house, story). It describes something as being 'two-storied' or refers to a 'two-storied building' or 'two-storied roof' belonging to or related to 'this' particular thing. It functions as an adjective modifying a noun, or as a noun itself referring to such a structure.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: poy-kee-LAH-teh-gee

Translations: varied-roofed, with a varied roof, a varied roof, varied roofs, with varied roofs

Notes: This is a compound word formed from 'ποικίλος' (poikilos), meaning 'varied, diverse, intricate', and 'στέγη' (stegē), meaning 'roof, covering'. It describes something having a roof that is varied, intricate, or decorated. It can function as an adjective, meaning 'varied-roofed', or as a noun, referring to a 'varied roof' or 'varied roofs'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine or Plural, Nominative/Accusative, Neuter

G1244

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: dee-ee-REE-may-noss

Translations: divided, separated, distributed, a divided one, one who is divided

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been divided' or 'divided'. It describes something that has undergone a process of division, separation, or distribution. It is used to indicate a state of being divided or separated as a result of a past action.

Inflection: Perfect Passive Participle, Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΕΜΕΡΙΣΜΕΝΟΣ, ΔΙΑΚΕΚΡΙΜΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΔΙΑΙΡΕΩ (diaireō) comes from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and the verb αἱρέω (haireō), meaning 'to take' or 'to choose'. Thus, it literally means 'to take apart' or 'to divide through'.

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: dee-PEE-khays

Translations: two cubits long, two cubits high, two cubits thick, double-cubit

Notes: This is a compound adjective formed from 'δι-' (di-), meaning 'two' or 'double', and 'πῆχυς' (pēchys), meaning 'cubit'. It describes something that measures two cubits in length, height, or thickness. It is used to specify dimensions, similar to how one might say 'two-foot long' in English.

Inflection: Nominative or Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine

Etymology: The word is a compound of the prefix 'δι-' (di-), meaning 'two' or 'double', and 'πῆχυς' (pēchys), meaning 'forearm' or 'cubit' (a unit of measurement based on the length of the forearm).

G4295

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pro-MA-kho-nes

Translations: ramparts, bulwarks, defenses, fortifications

Notes: This word refers to defensive structures, such as ramparts or bulwarks, which are typically built as part of a city wall or fortress to provide protection against attack. It is a compound word formed from 'πρό' (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of', and 'μάχη' (machē), meaning 'battle' or 'fight', literally meaning 'that which is before the battle' or 'for fighting in front'.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΤΕΙΧΗ, ΠΥΡΓΟΙ, ΟΧΥΡΩΜΑΤΑ

G4016

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-ree-BEV-leen-toh

Translations: they had clothed themselves, they had put on, they had worn

Notes: This is a compound verb form, combining the conjunction 'δὲ' (de) meaning 'but' or 'and', with the verb 'περιβάλλω' (periballō). The verb 'περιβάλλω' means 'to throw around, to put around, to clothe, to surround'. The form 'περβεβληντο' indicates an action completed in the past with continuing results, specifically that a group of people had clothed themselves or had been clothed. The initial 'δε' serves to connect this action to the preceding context.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Pluperfect, Indicative, Middle/Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΕΝΔΥΩ, ΑΜΦΙΕΝΝΥΜΙ

G4083, G4874

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pee-KHEES-soon-ah-rith-MEES-thai

Translations: to be numbered with cubits, to be counted by cubits, to be measured in cubits

Notes: This is a compound word formed from 'πῆχυς' (cubit) and 'συναριθμέω' (to count with, to number with). The word means to be counted or numbered together with something, specifically in terms of cubits. It describes the action of measuring or quantifying something by using cubits as the unit of measurement, or being included in a count that uses cubits.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Infinitive

G1208

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: DEH-oo-teh-ros

Translations: second, a second

Notes: This word means 'second' in terms of order, rank, or time. It is used to indicate the item or person that follows the first in a sequence. As an adjective, it modifies nouns and agrees with them in gender, number, and case.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular. This adjective inflects for gender (masculine, feminine, neuter), number (singular, plural), and case (nominative, genitive, dative, accusative).

Etymology: From an unused root meaning 'to follow'. It is related to the concept of 'two' but specifically denotes the ordinal position.

Part of Speech: Unknown

Sounds like: It's not possible to provide a reliable phonetic approximation due to the word's unknown nature and probable corruption.

Translations: unknown

Notes: This word appears to be a garbled or misspelled form of one or more Koine Greek words. The initial part 'ΤἈ' could be a crasis (elision) of 'ΤΑ' (the neuter plural article) and another word, possibly 'ΑΔΕΛΦΟΥ' (of a brother). However, the rest of the word 'ΦΑΣΑΗΛΟΝ' does not correspond to any known Koine Greek vocabulary. It is highly likely that this is a transcription error, a unique proper noun not commonly attested, or a severely corrupted text. Without further context or correction, its meaning remains unclear.

Inflection: Unknown

G4022

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-ree-AY-ee

Translations: went about, went around, traveled around, wandered, went about with

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from 'περί' (around) and 'ἔρχομαι' (to come, to go). It describes the action of moving or traveling around a place or among people. It can imply a general movement, wandering, or going about for a specific purpose, such as teaching, ministering, or even engaging in deceitful activities. In the provided context, it suggests going about with gifts or going about pretending to think something.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΠΑΤΕΩ, ΠΛΑΝΑΩ

G5221, G3618

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-per-oh-koh-DOH-mee-toh

Translations: it had been built up, it was built up, it was built over

Notes: This is a compound verb meaning 'to build over' or 'to build up upon'. It describes something that has been constructed on top of or in addition to something else. It is used to indicate that a structure was erected or completed in a particular way, often implying a significant or extensive construction.

Inflection: 3rd Person Singular, Pluperfect, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΟΔΟΜΕΩ, ΑΝΟΙΚΟΔΟΜΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΥΠΕΡΩΙΚΟΔΟΜΕΩ is a compound of the preposition ΥΠΕΡ (hyper), meaning 'over, above, beyond', and the verb ΟΙΚΟΔΟΜΕΩ (oikodomeō), meaning 'to build, erect'. The latter is derived from ΟΙΚΟΣ (oikos), meaning 'house', and ΔΕΜΩ (demō), meaning 'to build'.

G2087

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: EH-teh-ross

Translations: other, another, different, a different

Notes: This word means 'other' or 'another', specifically implying a qualitative difference or a different kind, as opposed to 'allos' which means 'another of the same kind'. It is used to distinguish one thing from another that is distinct in nature or type. For example, 'a different man' or 'another kind of thing'.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular. This word inflects for gender, number, and case.

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'other' or 'different'. It is related to Latin 'alter' and English 'other'.

G0904

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: bah-LAH-ney-on

Translations: bath, bathhouse, a bath, a bathhouse

Notes: This word refers to a bath or a bathhouse, a place where people would go to wash themselves. It was a common public or private facility in ancient times, often including rooms for hot and cold baths, and sometimes for exercise or socializing. It is a singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΛΟΥΤΡΟΝ, ΛΟΥΤΡΟΝ

Etymology: The word is derived from the Greek word βαλανεύς (balaneus), meaning 'bath-keeper' or 'bather', which itself is related to βαλανεῖον (balaneion).

G3367

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: MAY-den

Translations: nothing, no one, none, not even one

Notes: This word is a negative indefinite pronoun or adjective, meaning 'nothing' or 'no one'. It is the neuter form of the word 'ΜΗΔΕΙΣ'. It is used to express absolute negation, particularly in contexts involving prohibitions, commands, or with subjunctive and optative moods, indicating that something should not happen or does not exist under certain conditions. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'do nothing' or 'let nothing happen'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΝ

Etymology: The word ΜΗΔΕΙΣ is a compound word formed from the negative particle ΜΗ (meaning 'not') and the numeral ΕΙΣ (meaning 'one'). It literally means 'not even one'.

G0932

Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: bah-see-LAY-on

Translations: kingdom, a kingdom, royal palace, a royal palace, royal power, reign, royal

Notes: This word primarily functions as a noun meaning 'kingdom,' 'royal palace,' or 'royal power/authority.' It can refer to a literal territory ruled by a king, the physical dwelling of a king, or the abstract concept of royal dominion. It can also be used as an adjective meaning 'royal' or 'kingly,' describing something belonging to or characteristic of a king. In the New Testament, it frequently refers to the 'kingdom of God' or 'kingdom of heaven.'

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative (when used as a noun); Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative (when used as an adjective)

Synonyms: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΑ, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑ

Etymology: From the Greek word βασιλεύς (basileus), meaning 'king.' The suffix -ιον (-ion) indicates a place or thing associated with the root.

G1380

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: doh-KEIN

Translations: to seem, to appear, to think, to suppose, to be thought, to be esteemed

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'δοκέω'. It is commonly used to express the idea of something appearing to be true, or someone thinking or supposing something. It can be used impersonally (it seems) or with a subject and infinitive construction (someone seems to do something). It often conveys a sense of subjective perception or opinion rather than objective fact.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΦΑΙΝΩ, ΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word 'δοκέω' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *dek-, meaning 'to take, accept, receive, be fitting'. It is related to words signifying 'opinion' or 'appearance'.

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: TYR-se-sin

Translations: to a tower, to a fortress, to a bastion, to a bulwark, to a turret, to a walled city, to a fortified city

Notes: This word refers to a tower, fortress, or any fortified structure, often implying a strong, defensive building or a city protected by such structures. It is used in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΥΡΓΟΣ, ΤΕΙΧΟΣ, ΦΡΟΥΡΙΟΝ

Etymology: The word ΤΥΡΣΙΣ (tyrsis) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek or related to the Tyrrhenians, an ancient people associated with fortifications.

G4012, G846

Part of Speech: Prepositional Phrase

Sounds like: peh-ree-ow-TOO

Translations: about him, about it, concerning him, concerning it, around him, around it

Notes: This is a compound phrase formed from the preposition ΠΕΡΙ (peri), meaning 'about' or 'around', and the genitive singular form of the pronoun ΑΥΤΟΣ (autos), meaning 'himself', 'herself', 'itself', or 'the same'. When used together, ΠΕΡΙΑΥΤΟΥ means 'about him' or 'about it', indicating the subject or topic of discussion, or 'around him' or 'around it', indicating proximity.

Inflection: Preposition with Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter

G2885

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: keh-KOS-may-toh

Translations: had been adorned, had been decorated, had been put in order, had been arranged

Notes: This word is the third person singular perfect passive indicative form of the verb 'κοσμέω' (kosmeō). It describes something that had been adorned, decorated, or put in order in the past, with the result of that action continuing into the present or being relevant to a past situation. It implies a state of being well-ordered or beautifully arranged.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΣΚΕΥΑΖΩ, ΕΥΘΕΤΕΩ, ΚΑΛΛΥΝΩ

Etymology: From 'κόσμος' (kosmos), meaning 'order, good order, ornament, world'. The verb 'κοσμέω' means to put in order or to adorn.

G4976

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: SKHEE-mah

Translations: form, a form, figure, a figure, appearance, an appearance, fashion, a fashion, outward show

Notes: This word refers to the outward form, appearance, or fashion of something. It describes the external shape or presentation, often implying something that is transient or superficial, as opposed to the inner essence or nature. It can be used to describe the physical shape of an object, the manner or style of a person's behavior, or the general state of things.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΜΟΡΦΗ, ΕΙΔΟΣ, ΤΥΠΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold', through its perfect passive stem, referring to that which is held or has a certain shape or condition.

G3902

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: par-EH-oh-kay

Translations: had overlooked, had disregarded, had neglected, had passed by

Notes: This word is the 3rd person singular, perfect active indicative form of the verb 'παροράω' (paroraō). It means 'he/she/it had overlooked' or 'he/she/it had disregarded'. The verb is a compound of 'παρά' (para), meaning 'beside' or 'by', and 'ὁράω' (horaō), meaning 'to see'. Thus, it literally means 'to see by' or 'to see past', leading to the sense of overlooking or neglecting.

Inflection: Perfect Active Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΜΕΛΕΩ, ΠΑΡΟΨΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word 'παροράω' is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'παρά' (para), meaning 'beside' or 'by', and the verb 'ὁράω' (horaō), meaning 'to see'.

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: TOH-ka-TAH

Translations: (to) the, according to, down, against, throughout, during

Notes: ΤΩΚΑΤΑ is a compound word formed by the dative singular masculine or neuter definite article "τῷ" (tō) meaning "to the" or "for the," and the preposition "κατά" (kata). The preposition "κατά" can mean "down from," "against," "according to," "throughout," or "during," depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the accusative case, it often means "according to" or "down along." When used with the genitive case, it can mean "down from" or "against." The combination "τῷ κατά" would typically mean "to the (one) according to" or "to the (one) down/against," often implying a reference to something or someone that is in accordance with or positioned against something else.

Inflection: Dative Singular Masculine or Neuter Article + Preposition

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΔΙΑ

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ek-pyR-se-von-tee

Translations: flashing, shining, blazing, emitting light, giving light, a flasher, a shiner

Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb 'ἘΚΠΥΡΣΕΥΩ'. It describes something that is actively flashing, shining, or blazing, often referring to emitting light like a beacon or a fire. It can function adjectivally to describe a noun (e.g., 'the flashing light') or substantively as a noun itself (e.g., 'the one who flashes').

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΠΩ, ΦΑΙΝΩ, ἈΝΑΛΑΜΠΩ

Etymology: The word 'ἘΚΠΥΡΣΕΥΩ' is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'ἘΚ' (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and 'ΠΥΡΣΕΥΩ' (pyrseuō), meaning 'to light a beacon' or 'to give a signal by fire'. 'ΠΥΡΣΕΥΩ' itself derives from 'ΠΥΡΣΟΣ' (pyrsos), meaning 'torch' or 'beacon', which comes from 'ΠΥΡ' (pyr), meaning 'fire'. Thus, the word literally means 'to make a fire signal out of' or 'to cause to blaze forth'.

G4039

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: tay-peh-ree-O-khay

Translations: the surrounding region, the surrounding area, the circumference, the circuit, the boundary, the limit, the extent, the content, the passage (of scripture)

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the definite article 'τῇ' (tē), meaning 'the' (dative singular feminine), and the noun 'περιοχή' (periochē). The noun 'περιοχή' refers to a surrounding region, an area, a circumference, or a boundary. It can also refer to the content or extent of something, or even a specific passage of scripture. In a sentence, it would typically be used to describe a geographical area or a section of text.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΡΟΣ, ΟΡΙΟΝ, ΚΥΚΛΟΣ

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: PO-loo

Translations: much, many, great, greatly, often, a lot

Notes: This word is commonly used to indicate a large quantity, degree, or frequency. As an adverb, it means 'much,' 'greatly,' or 'often,' modifying verbs or adjectives. As an adjective, it means 'much' (for singular nouns) or 'many' (for plural nouns), describing the quantity of something. It can also mean 'great' in terms of size or importance.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular (as adjective); Does not inflect (as adverb)

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΛΑ, ΠΛΕΙΟΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'much' or 'many'. It is a very common word across various Indo-European languages.

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: MEI-zohn

Translations: greater, larger, mightier, more important

Notes: This word is a comparative adjective, meaning 'greater' or 'larger'. It is used to indicate a higher degree of size, importance, or quantity when comparing two or more things. It can also imply superiority or preeminence.

Inflection: Comparative, Nominative or Accusative, Singular, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΛΕΙΩΝ, ΠΕΡΙΣΣΟΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From the root of ΜΕΓΑΣ (megas), meaning 'great'. It is the irregular comparative form of this adjective.

G5119

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: tay-nee-KAH-oo-tah

Translations: then, at that time, at that very time

Notes: This word is an adverb of time, meaning 'then' or 'at that very time'. It is used to indicate a specific point in time, often referring back to a previously mentioned event or circumstance. It emphasizes that something happened precisely at that moment.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΤΟΤΕ, ΕΚΕΙ

Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun τῆνι (tēni), meaning 'at that place' or 'at that time', combined with the particle -καῦτα (-kauta), which intensifies the demonstrative meaning.

G0584

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-peh-DEIKH-thoh

Translations: he was shown, it was shown, he was demonstrated, it was demonstrated, he was appointed, it was appointed

Notes: This word is a verb form, likely a third-person singular aorist passive indicative of ἀποδείκνυμι (apodeiknymi), meaning 'to show, demonstrate, appoint'. The ending '-του' is unusual for a standard indicative form and suggests it might be a misspelling or a very rare dialectal variant. In standard Koine, the third-person singular aorist passive indicative would be ἀπεδείχθη (apedeichthe). If it is a misspelling, it would mean 'he/she/it was shown' or 'was demonstrated'.

Inflection: Third-person singular, Aorist, Passive, Indicative (likely a misspelling or rare variant)

Synonyms: ΔΕΙΚΝΥΜΙ, ΦΑΙΝΩ

G3137

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: Mah-ree-AM-may

Translations: Mariamne, Mary, Miriam

Notes: This is a proper noun, a feminine personal name. It is a variant of the name Mary or Miriam, often specifically referring to Mariamne, the Hasmonean princess and wife of Herod the Great. It is used to identify a specific individual.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative

Etymology: The name Mariamme is a Greek form of the Hebrew name Miriam (מִרְיָם), which is of uncertain origin but possibly means 'bitter' or 'rebellious', or 'beloved'. It is closely related to the name Mary.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-KAH-lay-toh

Translations: was called, used to be called, he was called, she was called, it was called

Notes: This is the third person singular, imperfect indicative form of the verb 'καλέω' (kaleō), meaning 'to call'. In this form, it translates to 'was called' or 'used to be called', indicating an action that was ongoing or habitual in the past. It can be used to describe someone or something being named or referred to by a particular title.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Imperfect, Indicative, Passive or Middle Voice

Etymology: The word 'καλέω' (kaleō) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁-, meaning 'to shout, to call'. It is related to Latin calo ('to call out') and English 'hail'.

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: NAH-stos

Translations: thick, close-packed, solid, dense, a thick, a close-packed

Notes: This word is an adjective used to describe something that is thick, solid, or closely packed together. It can refer to physical density or compactness. For example, it might describe a dense wall, a thick forest, or a solid mass.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΠΥΚΝΟΣ, ΣΤΕΡΕΟΣ

Etymology: The etymology of ΝΑΣΤΟΣ is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the verb νάσσω (nassō), meaning 'to press, to pack close'.

G1223

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-eh-BAH-ee-neh

Translations: was crossing over, was passing through, was going across, was traversing

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'across', and the verb βαίνω (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to step'. It describes the action of moving from one side to another, such as crossing a river or passing through a region. The form ΔΙΕΒΑΙΝΕ specifically indicates a continuous or repeated action in the past.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Imperfect, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΝΑΩ, ΔΙΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΔΙΑΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ

G4185

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: po-ly-te-LEH-steh-ran

Translations: more costly, a more costly, more expensive, a more expensive, more precious, a more precious, more splendid, a more splendid

Notes: This word is a comparative adjective, meaning 'more costly,' 'more expensive,' 'more precious,' or 'more splendid.' It is used to describe something that surpasses others in value, expense, or grandeur. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, indicating that the noun possesses the quality of being costly or splendid to a greater degree than something else. It is derived from the adjective 'ΠΟΛΥΤΕΛΗΣ' (polytelēs), meaning 'costly' or 'expensive.'

Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Feminine, Comparative

Synonyms: ΕΝΤΙΜΟΤΕΡΑΝ, ΠΛΟΥΣΙΩΤΕΡΑΝ

G4164

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: poy-kee-loh-TEH-ran

Translations: more varied, more diverse, more intricate, more manifold, more colorful, more elaborate

Notes: This word is a comparative adjective, meaning 'more varied' or 'more diverse'. It describes something that has a greater variety of colors, forms, or qualities compared to something else. It can also refer to something more intricate, elaborate, or manifold. It is used to compare two things, indicating that one possesses the quality of 'variety' or 'diversity' to a higher degree.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine, Comparative

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΥΠΟΙΚΙΛΟΣ, ΠΟΛΥΤΡΟΠΟΣ

G3624, G5274

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: oy-KAY-on-hoo-po-LAH-bon-tos

Translations: having supposed as one's own, having assumed as fitting, having taken for granted as proper

Notes: This is a compound word formed from 'οἰκεῖος' (oikeios), meaning 'one's own' or 'fitting', and 'ὑπολαμβάνω' (hypolambano), meaning 'to take up', 'to assume', or 'to suppose'. The word describes someone who has taken something for granted as their own or as fitting for them. It is used to indicate an action completed in the past by the subject, leading to a present state or consequence.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine, Aorist Active Participle

G3687

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: oh-no-MAH-sthen-tah

Translations: having been named, having been called, named, called

Notes: This word is a participle, meaning 'having been named' or 'having been called'. It describes an action that has already occurred and is passive, indicating that the subject received the action of being named or called. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, and can be used to introduce a subordinate clause.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΟΥΜΕΝΟΥΣ, ΛΕΓΟΜΕΝΟΥΣ

G2885

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: keh-kos-MEES-thai

Translations: to have been adorned, to have been arranged, to have been decorated, to have been furnished, to have been put in order

Notes: This word is the perfect infinitive, middle or passive voice, of the verb 'κοσμέω' (kosmeō). It means 'to adorn,' 'to arrange,' 'to decorate,' or 'to put in order.' As a perfect infinitive, it describes an action that has been completed and whose results are ongoing or relevant at the time of speaking. In the middle voice, it could imply that the subject has adorned itself or had something adorned for itself. In the passive voice, it means the subject has been adorned by someone or something else.

Inflection: Perfect Infinitive, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΛΥΝΩ, ΕΥΠΡΕΠΙΖΩ

Etymology: The word κοσμέω (kosmeō) comes from the noun κόσμος (kosmos), meaning 'order,' 'arrangement,' 'decoration,' or 'world.' The verb therefore means to bring order or decoration to something.

G4119

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: PLEH-on

Translations: more, a greater amount, a greater number, further, moreover, besides

Notes: This word signifies 'more' or 'greater' and can function as both an adjective and an adverb. As an adjective, it describes a larger quantity or degree of something. As an adverb, it indicates an increase in action or extent, often translated as 'further' or 'moreover'. It is the neuter singular form of the adjective 'πλέων'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative (as an adjective); Does not inflect (as an adverb)

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΣΣΟΤΕΡΟΝ, ΜΑΛΛΟΝ

Etymology: The word 'πλέων' (pleōn) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to fill' or 'full'. It is related to words signifying abundance or completion.

G0575

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: AP

Translations: from, away from, of, by, with, after, since

Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'ἀπό' (apo), which means 'from' or 'away from'. It is commonly used to indicate separation, origin, or cause. It can also function as a prefix in compound words, carrying a similar sense of separation or completion. When used as a preposition, it typically takes the genitive case. The apostrophe indicates that the final vowel (omicron) has been dropped because the next word begins with a vowel.

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition); functions as a prefix in compound words

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: The Greek preposition 'ἀπό' (apo) comes from Proto-Indo-European *apo-, meaning 'off, away'.

G2478

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: iss-khoo-roh-TEH-roos

Translations: stronger, more powerful, more mighty

Notes: This word is the comparative form of the adjective 'ἰσχυρός' (ischyros), meaning 'strong' or 'powerful'. As a comparative adjective, it indicates a greater degree of strength or power. It is used to describe things or people that are stronger, more powerful, or mightier than others. This particular form is accusative plural masculine, meaning it would describe multiple masculine nouns as being 'stronger' or 'more powerful' and would be the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine, Comparative

Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΤΩΤΕΡΟΣ, ΚΡΑΤΙΣΤΟΣ

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: MAY-zo-nes

Translations: greater, larger, more important, greater ones, larger ones, more important ones

Notes: This word is the comparative form of the adjective 'ΜΕΓΑΣ' (megas), meaning 'great' or 'large'. It signifies 'greater' or 'larger' in size, quantity, or importance. It is used to compare two or more things, indicating that one is superior or more significant than the others. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'These are greater than those'.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΛΕΙΟΝΕΣ, ΠΕΡΙΣΣΟΤΕΡΟΙ

G5316

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-PHAI-non-toh

Translations: they appeared, they were appearing, they seemed, they were seen

Notes: This word is the third person plural imperfect indicative middle or passive form of the verb 'phainō'. It describes an action that was ongoing or repeated in the past, meaning 'they were appearing' or 'they were being seen'. It can also convey the sense of 'they seemed' or 'they became visible'. It is used to describe something that was in the process of becoming visible or evident.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle or Passive, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΔΟΚΕΩ, ΟΡΑΩ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: it, itself, the same

Notes: This word is a versatile pronoun and adjective. As a pronoun, it typically means 'he,' 'she,' 'it,' or 'they,' depending on its gender and number. When used as an adjective, it can mean 'the same' or serve as an intensive pronoun, emphasizing the noun it modifies, such as 'himself,' 'herself,' 'itself,' or 'themselves.' Its meaning is highly dependent on its grammatical case, number, and gender within a sentence.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: This word is believed to derive from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'that, that one.' It developed into the Greek pronoun and adjective 'autos,' retaining its core sense of identity or self.

G5599, G3739

Part of Speech: Letter, Interjection, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-meh-gah (as a letter); OH (as an interjection); OH (as a pronoun)

Translations: Omega, O, Oh, the end, the last, (to) whom, (to) which, (to) what, (to) that, (to) who, (to) those, (to) whomsoever, (to) whatsoever

Notes: This character, Omega, is the twenty-fourth and final letter of the Greek alphabet. As a letter, it represents the long 'o' sound. It can also function as an interjection, similar to 'O' or 'Oh' in English, used for direct address or exclamation. Furthermore, without diacritics, 'Ω' can represent the dative singular form of the relative pronoun 'ὅς, ἥ, ὅ', meaning 'to whom', 'to which', or 'to what', depending on context and gender. It can refer to a person or thing that is the indirect object of an action.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a letter or interjection); Dative, Singular, All genders (as a relative pronoun)

Etymology: The letter Omega is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'. Its name literally means 'great O' (ō mega), distinguishing it from Omicron ('small O'). As a relative pronoun, it originates from Proto-Indo-European roots.

G2509

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: ka-THA-per

Translations: just as, even as, as, according as

Notes: This word is a compound adverb and conjunction meaning 'just as' or 'even as'. It is used to introduce a comparison, indicating that something is done in the same way or to the same extent as something else. It functions similarly to 'like' or 'as' in English, setting up a parallel between two actions or states.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΟ

Etymology: ΚΑΘΑΠΕΡ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (kata), meaning 'down, according to', and the particle ΠΕΡ (per), which emphasizes the preceding word. It literally means 'down just as' or 'exactly according to'.

G2862

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: koh-roo-FEE

Translations: top, summit, peak, head, a top, a summit, a peak, a head

Notes: This word refers to the highest point of something, such as the top of a mountain, a tree, or even the head of a person. It is used to denote the uppermost part or extremity of an object or geographical feature.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΚΡΟΝ, ΚΕΦΑΛΗ

Etymology: The word ΚΟΡΥΦΗ is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to strike, to cut', or 'horn, head'.

G5100, G5308

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: TIS-eep-see-loh-TEH-rah

Translations: a higher, a taller, a somewhat higher, a somewhat taller

Notes: This word is a compound of the indefinite pronoun ΤΙΣ (tis), meaning 'a certain one' or 'any', and the comparative adjective ΥΨΗΛΟΤΕΡΑ (hypsēlotera), meaning 'higher' or 'taller'. It describes something that is 'a certain higher' or 'a somewhat taller' thing. It is used to indicate a comparative degree of height or loftiness, often implying 'a bit higher' or 'rather high'.

Inflection: Feminine, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΥΨΗΛΟΤΕΡΟΣ, ΜΕΙΖΩΝ

G4257

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pro-AN-ee-khen

Translations: projected, stood out, extended, held out, had in advance

Notes: This is a compound verb, formed from the prefix 'προ-' (pro-, meaning 'before' or 'forward') and the verb 'ἀνέχω' (anechō, meaning 'to hold up' or 'to endure'). In this form, it describes something that was projecting, standing out, or extending forward, often in a physical sense like a part of a structure or a person leading. It can also imply having something in advance or holding out.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΞΕΧΩ, ΠΡΟΒΑΛΛΩ, ΠΡΟΚΕΙΜΑΙ

G5101

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE

Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing

Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.

G3346

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: meh-TEH-oh-roo

Translations: of high, of lofty, of suspended, of wavering, of uncertain, of anxious, of a high place, of a lofty place, of the sky, of the air

Notes: This word describes something that is high up, suspended in the air, or elevated. It can also refer to a state of being unsettled, anxious, or wavering, like something hanging in the balance. In a physical sense, it refers to a high place or the sky itself. It is used to describe things that are literally 'in the air' or figuratively 'up in the air' in terms of certainty.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΥΨΗΛΟΣ, ΑΝΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek μετέωρος (metéōros), meaning 'raised from the ground, lofty, suspended in the air', from μετά (metá, 'among, with, after') + ἀείρω (aeírō, 'to lift, raise').

G4355

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-el-AM-ba-non

Translations: they were taking to themselves, they were receiving, they were admitting, they were associating with

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and the verb λαμβάνω (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. Together, it means to take or receive to oneself, to admit someone into one's company, or to associate with someone. It describes an ongoing action in the past.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΥΠΟΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word πρός (pros) comes from Proto-Indo-European *pro-, meaning 'forward'. The word λαμβάνω (lambanō) comes from Proto-Indo-European *(s)lagʷ-, meaning 'to grasp' or 'to take'.

G2298

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: thav-MAH-see-on

Translations: wonderful, marvelous, amazing, a wonder, a marvel, a miracle

Notes: This word describes something that causes wonder, admiration, or astonishment. It can be used to describe something extraordinary, remarkable, or miraculous. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, indicating its wonderful quality. As a noun, it refers to the wonderful thing itself.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΘΑΥΜΑΣΤΟΣ, ΘΑΥΜΑ

Etymology: The word originates from the Greek word 'θαῦμα' (thauma), meaning 'wonder' or 'marvel', combined with the suffix '-σιος' (-sios), which forms adjectives indicating a quality or characteristic.

G1500

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ee-KAI-ahs

Translations: of random, of a random, of thoughtless, of a thoughtless, of rash, of a rash, of inconsiderate, of an inconsiderate, of aimless, of an aimless

Notes: This word describes something done without thought, purpose, or consideration, often implying a random, rash, or inconsiderate action or quality. It suggests a lack of planning or a haphazard nature. In the provided context, it describes stones that are not just random or thoughtless rubble, but of significant size.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΛΟΓΟΣ, ΑΠΡΟΣΚΕΠΤΟΣ, ΑΣΚΟΠΟΣ

Etymology: The word "εἰκαῖος" (eikaios) is derived from "εἰκῇ" (eikē), an adverb meaning 'without cause, at random, in vain'.

G3761, G5410

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: oo-deh-foh-RAY-tohn

Translations: not even bearable, not even portable, not even to be carried, of things not even bearable, of things not even portable, of things not even to be carried

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the conjunction 'οὐδέ' (not even, nor) and the adjective 'φορητός' (bearable, portable). It describes something that is not even able to be carried or borne, implying it is too heavy or difficult. It is used here in the genitive plural, referring to things that are not even bearable or portable.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΒΑΣΤΑΚΤΟΣ, ΒΑΡΥΣ

G4921

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-eis-TEE-kay-san

Translations: they had been composed, they had been formed, they had been constituted, they had been made up

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the preposition ΣΥΝ (together with) and the verb ΙΣΤΗΜΙ (to stand, to set). In this form, it means 'to be composed of', 'to be formed by', or 'to consist of'. It describes something that is made up of various parts or elements. For example, a building might be composed of stones, or a group might be formed by individuals.

Inflection: 3rd Person Plural, Pluperfect Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΣΥΝΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ

G5080

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: et-MEE-thay

Translations: was cut, was hewn, was divided

Notes: This word is a verb in the aorist passive indicative, meaning 'it was cut' or 'it was hewn'. It describes an action that was completed in the past, where the subject of the verb received the action. For example, a stone 'was cut' from a mountain, or materials 'were cut' into strips.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΚΟΠΤΩ, ΣΧΙΖΩ

Etymology: The root word τέμνω (temnō) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to cut'.

G2151, G2532

Part of Speech: Noun, Conjunction

Sounds like: EH-oo-ross-KAI

Translations: width and, breadth and

Notes: This word appears to be a misspelling or a typographical error combining two separate Koine Greek words: ΕΥ̓ΡΟΣ (eúros), meaning 'width' or 'breadth', and ΚΑΙ (kai), meaning 'and'. It is not a standard compound word in Koine Greek. If it were intended to be a single word, it would mean 'width and'. In typical usage, these words would appear separately, for example, 'ΕΥ̓ΡΟΣ ΚΑΙ ΒΑΘΟΣ' (width and depth).

Inflection: ΕΥ̓ΡΟΣ: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter; ΚΑΙ: Does not inflect

Etymology: ΕΥ̓ΡΟΣ (eúros) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁wérus, meaning 'wide'. ΚΑΙ (kai) is an ancient Greek particle with cognates in other Indo-European languages.

G4933

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-ay-NOHN-toh

Translations: they were joined together, they were united, they were connected

Notes: This word describes an action where multiple things are brought together or connected, forming a single unit. It is used to indicate that items or entities were in a state of being joined or united with each other. It implies a continuous or repeated action in the past.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Imperfect Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΠΤΩ, ΣΥΝΔΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΣΥΝΕΝΩ is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΣΥΝ (SYN), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΕΝΟΩ (ENOO), meaning 'to unite' or 'to make one'.

G3392

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: mee-AH-n

Translations: to defile, to pollute, to contaminate, to stain

Notes: This word describes the act of making something unclean, impure, or unholy. It can refer to physical defilement, such as staining or polluting, or to moral and spiritual defilement, such as corrupting or profaning. It is often used in a religious context to describe ritual impurity or sin.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΜΟΛΥΝΩ, ΡΥΠΑΙΝΩ, ΒΕΒΗΛΟΩ

Etymology: The word 'μιαίνω' (miainō) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It is related to the concept of defilement and impurity.

G0326

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective, Verb

Sounds like: ah-na-pe-FYOO-kee-an

Translations: having grown up, having sprung up, grown up, sprung up

Notes: This word is a perfect active participle, meaning 'having grown up' or 'having sprung up'. It describes something that has already completed the action of growing or springing forth. As a participle, it can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or verbally, indicating an action performed by the subject.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine, Perfect Active Participle

Synonyms: ΦΥΩ, ΒΛΑΣΤΑΝΩ

Etymology: The word ἀναφύω is a compound of ἀνά (aná), meaning 'up, again, back', and φύω (phýō), meaning 'to bring forth, produce, grow'. Thus, it literally means 'to grow up' or 'to spring up'.

G4023, G5495

Part of Speech: Verb, Noun

Sounds like: peh-ree-ex-ES-thai KHER-see

Translations: to be about to surround with hands, to be about to encompass with hands, to be about to hold with hands, to be about to grasp with hands

Notes: This appears to be a compound or concatenated phrase formed by the future middle infinitive of the verb 'περιέχω' (periechō), meaning 'to encompass, surround, contain, hold around', and the dative plural of the noun 'χείρ' (cheir), meaning 'hand'. When combined, it suggests the action of 'being about to surround or encompass with hands' or 'being about to grasp with hands'. It describes an impending action of physical enclosure or holding using one's hands.

Inflection: ΠΕΡΙΕΞΕΣΘΑΙ: Future, Middle, Infinitive; ΧΕΡΣΙ: Plural, Dative, Feminine

G0718

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: har-mo-NEE-as

Translations: of harmony, of agreement, of fitting together, harmony, agreement, fitting together

Notes: This word refers to a fitting together, agreement, or harmony. It describes a state where different parts or elements are well-adjusted and congruent, creating a pleasing or functional whole. It can be used in contexts ranging from musical harmony to the agreement between people or the proper arrangement of things.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΥΜΦΩΝΙΑ, ΟΜΟΝΟΙΑ

Etymology: From the Greek verb ἀρμόζω (harmozo), meaning 'to join, to fit together'. It relates to the idea of things being properly joined or fitted.

G1212

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-eh-FAH-ee-neh-toh

Translations: was appearing through, was shining through, was becoming visible, was showing through

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΔΙΑ (DIA), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and the verb ΦΑΙΝΩ (PHAINO), meaning 'to shine' or 'to appear'. Therefore, it means 'to shine through', 'to appear through', or 'to become visible'. It describes something that is gradually becoming visible or shining through something else, often implying a partial or intermittent appearance.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΦΑΙΝΩ, ΑΝΑΦΑΙΝΩ, ΕΚΦΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: The word ΔΙΑΦΑΙΝΩ is a compound of the preposition ΔΙΑ (DIA), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and the verb ΦΑΙΝΩ (PHAINO), meaning 'to shine' or 'to appear'. The root ΦΑΙΝΩ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeh₂-, meaning 'to shine'.

G2749

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: KEE-meh-noys

Translations: to be laid, to lie, to be set, to be placed, to be appointed, to be established, to be situated, (to) those lying, (to) those laid, (to) those set, (to) those placed

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'κειμαι', meaning 'to lie' or 'to be laid'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing something that is in a state of being laid, lying, set, or placed. In this dative plural form, it refers to 'those who are lying' or 'to things that are laid/placed'. It often describes the position or state of objects or people.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΤΙΘΕΜΕΝΟΙΣ, ΕΣΤΩΣΙΝ, ΚΑΘΗΜΕΝΟΙΣ

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOYS

Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her

Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

G1787

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: EN-doh-then

Translations: from within, inside, inwardly

Notes: This word is likely a misspelling of ἔνδοθεν (endothen), which means 'from within' or 'inside'. It describes the location or origin of something as being from the interior. It is used to indicate an internal position or source, often in contrast to something external.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΣΩ, ΕΝΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἔνδοθεν (endothen) is formed from ἔνδον (endon), meaning 'within', and the suffix -θεν (-then), which indicates origin or direction 'from'.

G0833

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: OW-lay

Translations: courtyard, a courtyard, court, a court, palace, a palace, sheepfold, a sheepfold, fold, a fold

Notes: This word refers to an open space surrounded by walls or buildings, such as a courtyard or a court. It can also denote a palace, as the main residence of a king or ruler often included such a court. In a more rustic context, it can refer to a sheepfold or a pen where animals are kept.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΥΛΙΣ, ΕΠΑΥΛΙΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew- (to dwell, to live). It refers to an enclosed space, often for dwelling or keeping animals.

G4365

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-ez-EVK-toh

Translations: was joined to, was yoked to, was attached to, was connected to

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and the verb ζεύγνυμι (zeugnymi), meaning 'to yoke' or 'to join'. In its perfect passive form, it describes something that has been joined, yoked, or attached to something else, indicating a completed state of connection or union. It implies a close and often binding connection.

Inflection: 3rd Person Singular, Perfect, Passive, Indicative

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΕΖΕΥΚΤΟ, ΣΥΝΗΜΜΕΝΟΝ

Etymology: The verb προσζεύγνυμι (proszeugnymi) is a compound of πρός (pros), meaning 'to, toward, in addition to', and ζεύγνυμι (zeugnymi), meaning 'to yoke, join'. The root ζεύγνυμι comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to join, to yoke'.

G3056

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: LOH-goo

Translations: of word, of account, of reason, of speech, of message, of saying, of statement, of report, of matter, of thing

Notes: This word refers to a word, speech, discourse, or a divine utterance. It can also mean an account, reason, or a matter/thing. In its genitive form, as seen here, it indicates possession or origin, often translated with 'of'. It is frequently used in contexts relating to communication, divine revelation, or logical reasoning.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΡΗΜΑ, ΜΥΘΟΣ, ΕΠΟΣ

G2909

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: KREIS-sone

Translations: better, superior, more excellent, stronger

Notes: This word is a comparative adjective meaning 'better' or 'superior'. It is used to indicate that something is of higher quality, greater strength, or more advantageous than something else. It can be used to compare people, things, or abstract concepts.

Inflection: Comparative, Nominative, Singular, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΜΕΙΝΩΝ, ΒΕΛΤΙΩΝ

Etymology: From an obsolete root meaning 'to be strong, to rule'. It is the comparative form of 'ἀγαθός' (good) or 'καλός' (beautiful/good), though it does not share the same root.

G5236

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: hoo-per-bo-LAYN

Translations: excess, abundance, surpassing, preeminence, exceedingly, beyond measure

Notes: This word refers to an excess, an abundance, or something that goes beyond the usual measure. It is often used to describe something that is outstanding, preeminent, or exceedingly great. In context, it can function adverbially to mean 'exceedingly' or 'beyond measure'. It is a compound word formed from 'ὑπέρ' (hyper), meaning 'over' or 'beyond', and 'βολή' (bole), meaning 'a throwing' or 'a cast'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΣΣΕΙΑ, ΠΛΗΘΟΣ, ΥΠΕΡΕΧΗ

G5181

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: al-la-te-TEH-khees-toh

Translations: but it had been walled, but it had been fortified, but it was walled, but it was fortified

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the conjunction "ἀλλά" (alla), meaning "but" or "rather," and the verb "τετειχιστο" (teteichisto). The verb part is the third person singular pluperfect passive indicative of "τειχίζω" (teichizō), which means "to wall" or "to fortify." Therefore, the combined word means "but it had been walled" or "but it had been fortified." It describes a state of having been walled or fortified in the past, with an emphasis on the resulting condition.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Pluperfect, Passive, Indicative

Synonyms: ΟΧΥΡΟΩ, ΕΡΥΜΝΟΩ

Etymology: The root verb ΤΕΙΧΙΖΩ (teichizō) comes from τεῖχος (teichos), meaning "wall." It refers to the act of building a wall or fortifying a place.

Part of Speech: Prefix, Preposition

Sounds like: KAT

Translations: down, against, according to, throughout, during

Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down', 'against', 'according to', 'throughout', or 'during'. It is frequently used as a prefix in compound verbs and nouns, indicating a downward motion, completion, intensity, or opposition. For example, in 'κατέβη' (katebē), it means 'went down', and in 'καταπιεῖν' (katapiein), it means 'to swallow down'. The final alpha (α) is often dropped when the next word or part of the compound begins with a vowel, or when it's followed by certain consonants.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix); functions as a preposition that takes the genitive or accusative case.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmt- 'down, with, against'. It is a common Greek preposition that has been used since ancient times.

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: EE-son-dee-AS-tay-ma

Translations: equal interval, equal distance

Notes: This is a compound word formed from 'ἴσος' (isos), meaning 'equal', and 'διάστημα' (diastema), meaning 'interval' or 'distance'. Therefore, it refers to an equal interval or an equal distance between points or things. It would be used in contexts where measurements or spacing are uniform.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Etymology: The word is a compound of ἴσος (isos), meaning 'equal', and διάστημα (diastema), meaning 'interval' or 'distance'. Διάστημα itself comes from διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand' or 'to set'.

G2885

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: keh-kos-MAY-meh-noys

Translations: (to) having been adorned, (to) having been decorated, (to) having been arranged, (to) having been put in order

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been adorned' or 'having been decorated'. It describes something that has already undergone the action of being put in order, arranged, or beautified. It is used to describe the state of something that has been made beautiful or orderly.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter, Perfect, Passive

Synonyms: ΚΕΚΑΛΛΩΠΙΣΜΕΝΟΙΣ, ΚΕΚΟΣΜΗΜΕΝΟΙ

G1247

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-ay-EEL-eep-toh

Translations: it had been divided, it had been separated, it had been distinguished, it had been occupied, it had been intercepted

Notes: This word is the perfect passive indicative, third person singular, of the verb dialambanō. It is a compound verb formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and the verb λαμβάνω (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to seize'. In its passive form, it describes something that has been divided, separated, distinguished, or taken possession of. For example, a city might be described as having been 'occupied' or 'divided' by forces.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΧΩΡΙΖΩ, ΔΙΑΙΡΕΩ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩ

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: meh-GISS-toys

Translations: (to) greatest, (for) greatest, (to) largest, (for) largest, (to) mightiest, (for) mightiest

Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the adjective 'μέγας' (megas), meaning 'great' or 'large'. As a superlative, it means 'greatest', 'largest', or 'mightiest'. It is used to describe something or someone that is supreme in size, power, or importance, and in this dative form, it indicates the indirect object of an action, meaning 'to' or 'for' the greatest ones or things.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΜΕΓΑΛΟΙΣ, ΙΣΧΥΡΟΙΣ, ΔΥΝΑΤΟΙΣ

Etymology: The root word 'μέγας' (megas) comes from Proto-Indo-European *meǵh₂- (great).

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: eh-kah-ton-tah-KLEE-noos

Translations: having a hundred couches, with a hundred beds

Notes: This is a compound adjective formed from 'hekaton' (hundred) and 'kline' (couch or bed). It describes something that possesses or is characterized by a hundred couches or beds. It would be used to describe a large room, building, or area that contains many places for reclining or sleeping.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: This word is a compound of ΕΚΑΤΟΝ (hekaton), meaning 'hundred', and ΚΛΙΝΗ (klinē), meaning 'couch' or 'bed'.

G3739

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: OYS

Translations: to whom, to which, to what

Notes: This word is a relative pronoun, meaning 'to whom', 'to which', or 'to what'. It is used to introduce a relative clause, connecting it to a noun or pronoun in the main clause. It indicates the indirect object of the verb in the relative clause, showing to whom or to what an action is directed. It can refer to people or things and is used for all genders.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders

Synonyms: ΤΙΣ, ὉΠΟΙΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun and is a common form for relative pronouns across Indo-European languages.

G0078

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-dee-AY-gee-tos

Translations: indescribable, inexpressible, unspeakable, unutterable

Notes: This adjective describes something that cannot be fully explained or described in words due to its overwhelming nature, whether in terms of beauty, complexity, or magnitude. It is used to convey a sense of awe or wonder, indicating that the subject is beyond human capacity to articulate.

Inflection: Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter; Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative; Singular or Plural

Synonyms: ἈΝΕΚΛΑΛΗΤΟΣ, ἈΝΕΞΕΡΕΥΝΗΤΟΣ

Etymology: This word is a compound of the negative prefix ἀ- (a-), meaning 'not' or 'un-', and διηγητός (diēgētos), meaning 'narratable' or 'explainable'. The latter comes from the verb διηγέομαι (diēgeomai), 'to narrate' or 'to explain'. Thus, it literally means 'not explainable'.

G4164

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: poy-ki-LEE-ah

Translations: variety, a variety, diversity, manifoldness

Notes: This word refers to a wide range, diversity, or manifoldness of things. It can describe a collection of different kinds or qualities, often implying richness, complexity, or an intricate arrangement. It is used to express the state of being varied or diverse.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Vocative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΥΜΟΡΦΙΑ, ΠΟΛΥΤΡΟΠΙΑ

Etymology: The word ποικιλία (poikilia) comes from the adjective ποικίλος (poikilos), meaning 'multicolored, varied, intricate'. It describes something that has many different colors or forms, leading to the sense of diversity or variety.

G4863

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-AYK-toh

Translations: was gathered, was collected, was brought together

Notes: This word is the third person singular, perfect passive indicative form of the verb ΣΥΝΑΓΩ (sunagō). It means 'it was gathered together' or 'it was collected'. It describes an action that was completed in the past and whose result continues into the present. The verb is a compound word formed from the preposition ΣΥΝ (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΑΓΩ (agō), meaning 'to lead' or 'to bring'. Thus, it literally means 'to bring together'.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Perfect, Passive, Indicative

Synonyms: ΣΥΛΛΕΓΩ, ΑΘΡΟΙΖΩ

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PO-loos

Translations: much, many, great, a great deal, a great many

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'much' or 'many'. It is used to describe a large quantity or number of something. For example, it can refer to a large crowd of people or a significant amount of something. It can also be used to describe something as 'great' in terms of size or importance.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΙΚΑΝΟΣ, ΠΛΗΘΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'much' or 'many'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages with similar meanings.

G3841

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: PAN-tah-KHOO

Translations: everywhere, on every side, in all places

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'everywhere' or 'in all places'. It indicates that something is present or occurring in all locations or directions. It is used to describe the widespread nature of an action or state.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΑΝΤΗ, ΠΑΝΤΟΘΕΝ

Etymology: The word 'πανταχοῦ' (pantachou) is an adverb formed from the stem 'παντ-' (pant-), meaning 'all' or 'every', combined with the adverbial suffix '-αχου' (-achou), which denotes 'where' or 'in what place'.

G1380

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: doh-KOHN

Translations: seeming, thinking, supposing, appearing, considering, imagining

Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'δοκέω' (dokeō), meaning 'to seem', 'to think', 'to suppose', or 'to appear'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action or state related to the main verb of a sentence. It can convey the idea of 'he who thinks', 'they who seem', or 'while supposing'. It often indicates a subjective perception or opinion.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative, Present, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΝΟΜΙΖΩΝ, ΗΓΟΥΜΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: From the root 'δοκ-' (dok-), related to 'δέχομαι' (dechomai, to receive), suggesting an original sense of 'what is received' or 'what is accepted as true'.

G4386, G2889

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pro-kos-MAY-ma-ton

Translations: of adornments, of ornaments, of decorations, of embellishments

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the prefix "προ-" (pro-), meaning "before" or "in front of," and "κόσμημα" (kosmēma), meaning "ornament" or "decoration." The word refers to things placed in front as adornments or embellishments. It describes decorative elements that are prominently displayed or serve as a front-facing embellishment.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΟΣΜΟΣ, ΚΟΣΜΗΜΑΤΑ, ΚΑΛΛΩΠΙΣΜΑΤΑ

G4128

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PLAY-thoss

Translations: multitude, a multitude, crowd, a crowd, great number, abundance, a great number

Notes: This word refers to a large number or quantity of people or things. It can be used to describe a crowd of people, a large amount of something, or a general abundance. For example, it might refer to a large gathering of disciples or a great quantity of fish.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΧΛΟΣ, ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΑΓΕΛΗ

Etymology: From the Greek root *pleth-* meaning 'to be full' or 'to fill'. It is related to words indicating fullness or abundance.

G4976

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: SKHEE-mah-tohn

Translations: of forms, of shapes, of figures, of appearances, of outward appearances, of fashion

Notes: This word refers to the outward form, shape, or appearance of something. It can also denote the fashion or manner in which something is done or presented. It is used to describe the external aspect of a person or thing, often in contrast to its inner nature or substance.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Neuter

Synonyms: ΜΟΡΦΗ, ΕΙΔΟΣ, ΤΥΠΟΣ

Etymology: From the root word ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold', referring to that which is held or possessed as an outward form or appearance.

G3778, G3461

Part of Speech: Compound Word, Demonstrative Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: too-TOO-smee-REE-ai

Translations: these ten thousand, these countless, these innumerable

Notes: This is a compound word formed by combining the demonstrative pronoun 'ΤΟΥΤΟΥΣ' (these) and the adjective/numeral 'ΜΥΡΙΑΙ' (ten thousand, countless, innumerable). It refers to 'these' in a large, indefinite, or specific quantity of ten thousand. It would be used to describe a large group of things or people that are being pointed out or referred to.

Inflection: Masculine or Feminine, Accusative, Plural (for ΤΟΥΤΟΥΣ); Feminine, Nominative or Vocative, Plural (for ΜΥΡΙΑΙ). The compound word itself functions as a descriptive phrase.

G0647

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-pos-keh-VAH-ee

Translations: baggage, luggage, equipment, household goods

Notes: This word refers to personal belongings, especially those carried on a journey or in a camp. It can include household goods, equipment, or any items that one carries with them. It is used in the plural to denote a collection of such items.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΚΕΥΗ, ΦΟΡΤΙΟΝ

Etymology: The word ἀποσκευή (aposkeuē) is a compound word formed from ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and σκευή (skeuē), meaning 'equipment' or 'gear'. Thus, it literally means 'that which is carried away' or 'equipment for a journey'.

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PLEH-yoh

Translations: more, greater, many, much, a lot

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the adjective 'πολύς' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many'. 'Πλείω' specifically functions as the comparative form, meaning 'more' or 'greater'. It is used to indicate a larger quantity, degree, or number of something compared to another. It can be used adverbially to mean 'more' or 'further'.

Inflection: Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Singular; or Masculine/Feminine/Neuter, Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΛΕΙΟΤΕΡΟΣ, ΠΛΕΟΝ

G1722, G1538

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: en-EK-as-toys

Translations: (in) each, (in) every one, (in) each one, (in) every

Notes: This word is a compound of the preposition 'ἐν' (en), meaning 'in' or 'among', and the adjective/pronoun 'ἕκαστος' (hekastos), meaning 'each' or 'every one'. As a compound, it means 'in each' or 'in every one'. It is used to specify that something applies individually to every member of a group.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word ἕκαστος (hekastos) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to 'ἑκάς' (hekas), meaning 'far off' or 'apart'. The prefix 'ἐν' (en) comes from Proto-Indo-European *en, meaning 'in'.

G2749

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: KEE-meh-nohn

Translations: of those lying, of those laid, of those set, of those appointed, of those situated, of those existing, of those placed, of those established

Notes: This word is the genitive plural masculine, feminine, or neuter participle of the verb 'ΚΕΙΜΑΙ' (keimai), meaning 'to lie', 'to be laid', 'to be set', 'to be placed', 'to be situated', or 'to be appointed'. It describes something or someone that is in a state of being laid down, placed, or established. It is often used to refer to things that are 'lying' in a particular place or 'set' in a certain position or status.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive Voice, Participle, Genitive, Plural, All genders

Synonyms: ΤΙΘΕΜΕΝΩΝ, ΕΣΤΩΤΩΝ, ΥΠΑΡΧΟΝΤΩΝ

G0694

Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: ar-GY-roo

Translations: of silver, of money, silver, made of silver

Notes: This word refers to silver, either as the metal itself or as money made from silver. As a noun, it denotes the material or currency. As an adjective, it describes something as being made of silver or having the quality of silver. In the provided context, it is used as an adjective describing idols made of silver.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΡΓΥΡΙΟΝ, ΧΡΗΜΑ

Etymology: The word originates from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'white' or 'shining', referring to the metal's appearance.

G4016

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: peh-ris-TOH-ah

Translations: colonnade, a colonnade, peristyle, a peristyle

Notes: This word refers to a colonnade, which is a long sequence of columns joined by an entablature, often free-standing, or part of a building. It can also refer to a peristyle, which is a continuous porch formed by a row of columns around the perimeter of a building or a courtyard. It is used to describe architectural features.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΤΟΑ, ΚΙΟΝΟΣΤΟΙΧΙΑ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek περί (peri, "around") and στοά (stoa, "portico, colonnade"). It describes a structure with columns surrounding an area.

G240

Part of Speech: Reciprocal Pronoun

Sounds like: al-LAY-lone

Translations: of one another, of each other

Notes: This word is a reciprocal pronoun, meaning 'of one another' or 'of each other'. It is used to indicate that an action or relationship is mutual among multiple subjects. It always appears in the plural and is used to express actions or relationships that are directed back and forth between individuals within a group.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders

Etymology: This word is derived from the reduplication of the stem of ἄλλος (ALLOS), meaning 'other'. The reduplication indicates reciprocity.

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: POL-lah

Translations: much, many, great, abundant, often, greatly, many things

Notes: This word is an inflection of the adjective 'ΠΟΛΥΣ' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many'. As an adjective, 'ΠΟΛΛΑ' typically functions as the neuter plural nominative or accusative, meaning 'many things' or 'much'. It can also function as an adverb, meaning 'often' or 'greatly'. It is used to indicate a large quantity or frequency.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative (of the adjective ΠΟΛΥΣ); or Adverb

Synonyms: ΠΛΕΙΩΝ, ΙΚΑΝΟΣ

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: geh-MEN

Translations: at least, indeed, certainly, surely, yet, however

Notes: ΓΕΜΗΝ is a compound particle formed from γέ (ge) and μήν (men). It is used to emphasize a statement, often meaning 'at least', 'indeed', or 'certainly'. It can also function as a conjunction meaning 'yet' or 'however', introducing a contrasting or qualifying idea. It adds a sense of affirmation or concession to the phrase it modifies.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΓΕ, ΜΗΝ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: The word ΓΕΜΗΝ is a compound particle derived from the particles γέ (ge), meaning 'indeed' or 'at least', and μήν (men), meaning 'truly' or 'certainly'. Its origin is ancient Greek.

G5276

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: hoo-PAI-thrah

Translations: open-air, in the open air, uncovered, exposed, a place in the open air

Notes: This word describes something that is out in the open, exposed to the elements, or uncovered. It is often used to refer to places or spaces that are not enclosed by a roof or walls, such as an open field or an uncovered courtyard. It is a compound word formed from 'ὑπό' (hypo, under) and 'αἰθήρ' (aithēr, upper air/sky).

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΝΟΙΚΤΟΣ, ΕΞΩ

Etymology: The word ΥΠΑΙΘΡΟΣ (hypaithros) is derived from the preposition ὑπό (hypo), meaning 'under', and the noun αἰθήρ (aithēr), referring to the 'upper air' or 'sky'. Thus, it literally means 'under the sky' or 'in the open air'.

G3117

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: MAH-kroy-deh

Translations: long, large, great

Notes: This word appears to be a misspelling or a highly unusual form of the Koine Greek adjective 'μακρός' (makros), which means 'long' or 'large'. The ending '-οιδε' is not a standard inflectional ending in Koine Greek. It is most likely a scribal error or a very rare, non-standard variant. In its correct form, 'μακρός' describes something that extends over a great distance or has a significant size.

Inflection: Unknown or highly irregular form, likely a misspelling of an adjective related to 'long'.

Synonyms: ΜΕΓΑΣ, ΠΟΛΥΣ

G4043

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: peh-ree-PAH-toy

Translations: walks, promenades, places for walking, a walk, a promenade

Notes: This word refers to a walk, a promenade, or a place where one walks, such as a colonnade or a public walkway. It can describe the act of walking or the physical location itself. In a broader sense, it can also refer to a manner of life or conduct, as in 'one's walk of life'. It is often used in the plural to denote specific areas or habits of walking.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΔΟΣ, ΒΗΜΑ, ΔΡΟΜΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb περιπατέω (peripatéō), meaning 'to walk around', which is a compound of περί (perí, 'around') and πατέω (patéō, 'to walk, tread').

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: yoo-RI-poy

Translations: strait, a strait, channel, a channel, tide, a tide, current, a current, flow, a flow

Notes: This word refers to a narrow channel of water, such as a strait, or the strong current or tide within such a channel. It can also refer specifically to the Euripus strait between Euboea and Boeotia, known for its unpredictable currents. In general usage, it describes a body of water with a noticeable flow or a narrow passage of water.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative

Etymology: The word ΕΥ̓ΡΙΠΟΣ comes from Ancient Greek and refers to the Euripus strait, known for its strong and unpredictable currents. The name became generalized to mean any strait or strong current.

G1632

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ex-E-khei-toh

Translations: it was poured out, it was being poured out

Notes: This word is the third person singular, imperfect, passive, indicative form of the verb 'ekcheō'. It means 'it was poured out' or 'it was being poured out'. The verb 'ekcheō' is a compound word formed from 'ek' (out of) and 'cheō' (to pour), meaning to pour out, spill, or shed. In the passive voice, it describes something that was in the process of being poured out or spilled.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΕΚΧΥΝΝΩ, ΕΚΧΥΝΩ

G0235

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: AL-lah

Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed

Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.

G0932

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: bah-see-LEH-ah

Translations: kingdom, reign, royal power, a kingdom

Notes: This word refers to a kingdom, royal rule, or sovereignty. It can denote the territory ruled by a king, the act of reigning, or the abstract concept of kingship or royal authority. It is often used in the New Testament to refer to the 'kingdom of God' or 'kingdom of heaven'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΟΝ, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣΙΣ

Etymology: From the Greek word βασιλεύς (basileus), meaning 'king'. It refers to the domain or authority of a king.

G5342

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: FEH-rei

Translations: he carries, she carries, it carries, he bears, she bears, it bears, he brings, she brings, it brings, he produces, she produces, it produces, he endures, she endures, it endures

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to carry,' 'to bear,' 'to bring,' 'to produce,' or 'to endure.' It is used to describe the action of someone or something moving an object, or the act of a plant producing fruit, or a person enduring hardship. It is a very common and versatile verb in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΓΩ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ, ΒΑΣΤΑΖΩ

G0930

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: bah-SAH-noh-nee

Translations: torture, torment, a torment, pain, a pain, test, a test, touchstone, a touchstone

Notes: This word appears to be a misspelling of the Koine Greek word "ΒΑΣΑΝΟΝ" (basanon), which is the accusative singular form of "ΒΑΣΑΝΟΣ" (basanos). It refers to a test, a touchstone (a stone used to test the purity of gold), or more commonly, torture or torment. It is used to describe severe physical or mental suffering.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine (assuming it's a misspelling of ΒΑΣΑΝΟΝ, which is neuter, but the root ΒΑΣΑΝΟΣ is feminine. Given the ending -η, it could be a nominative/vocative feminine singular if it were a different declension, but for ΒΑΣΑΝΟΣ, the accusative singular neuter is -ον. The -η ending is highly irregular for this word, suggesting a misspelling or a very rare/poetic form. If it were a nominative feminine, it would be ΒΑΣΑΝΟΣ. If it were a dative feminine, it would be ΒΑΣΑΝΩ. Given the context, it's most likely intended as an accusative singular, hence the assumption of a misspelling of ΒΑΣΑΝΟΝ).

Synonyms: ΚΟΛΑΣΙΣ, ΟΔΥΝΗ, ΤΙΜΩΡΙΑ

G3420

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: MNEE-may

Translations: memory, remembrance, a memory, a remembrance

Notes: This word refers to the faculty by which things are recalled to the mind, or the act of remembering. It can also refer to the state of being remembered or the record of something. It is typically used in sentences to denote the concept of recollection or a memorial.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΜΝΗΣΙΣ, ΜΝΕΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΜΝΗΜΗ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *men-, meaning 'to think, remember'. It is related to other Greek words concerning the mind and memory.

G3027

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: lees-tree-KOO

Translations: of robber-like, of piratical, of brigandish, of a robber-like, of a piratical, of a brigandish

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'robber-like', 'piratical', or 'brigandish'. It describes something or someone associated with robbers or brigands, often implying violence, lawlessness, or a predatory nature. It is used to qualify nouns, indicating that the noun possesses qualities characteristic of a robber or a band of robbers.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΛΗΣΤΙΚΟΣ, ΑΡΠΑΚΤΙΚΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΛΗΣΤΡΙΚΟΣ (lestrikos) is derived from the noun ΛΗΣΤΗΣ (lestes), meaning 'robber' or 'brigand'. The suffix -ικός (-ikos) is used to form adjectives indicating 'belonging to' or 'of the nature of'.

G4442

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PY-ros

Translations: of fire, fire, a fire

Notes: This word refers to fire, a fundamental element. It can be used literally to describe a burning flame or figuratively to represent judgment, purification, or divine presence. As a noun, it functions as the subject or object in a sentence, or in this genitive form, it indicates possession or origin.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΦΛΟΞ, ΚΑΥΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word 'πῦρ' (pyr) comes from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂wr̥, meaning 'fire'. It is a very ancient word found across many Indo-European languages.

G0399

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ah-nah-FEH-roo-sah

Translations: bringing up, offering, carrying up, referring, bearing, she who brings up, one who offers

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'again', and the verb φέρω (pherō), meaning 'to bear' or 'to carry'. It generally means to bring or carry something up, to offer a sacrifice, or to refer something to a higher authority. As a participle, it describes an action being performed by the subject, often translated as 'bringing up' or 'one who brings up'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΦΕΡΩ, ἘΠΙΦΕΡΩ, ἈΝΕΝΕΓΚΑ

G1063, G3778

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Pronoun

Sounds like: gar-TOW-tah

Translations: for these things, indeed these things, for this, indeed this

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the particle 'γάρ' (gar), meaning 'for' or 'indeed', and the demonstrative pronoun 'ταῦτα' (tauta), meaning 'these things' or 'this'. It is used to introduce a reason or explanation for something previously stated, often translated as 'for these things' or 'indeed, these things'. It functions to connect ideas, providing a justification or elaboration.

Inflection: Does not inflect (ΓΑΡ), Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative (ΤΑΥΤΑ)

G2618

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-teh-FLEK-san

Translations: they burned up, they consumed by fire, they set on fire

Notes: This word means to burn up completely, to consume by fire, or to set on fire. It is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'completely', and the verb φλέγω (phlegō), meaning 'to burn'. It describes an action where something is thoroughly destroyed by fire.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΜΠΙΠΡΗΜΙ, ΚΑΤΑΚΑΙΩ, ΠΥΡΠΟΛΕΩ

Etymology: The word καταφλέγω (kataphlegō) is derived from the prefix κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'completely', and the verb φλέγω (phlegō), meaning 'to burn' or 'to blaze'. The root φλέγω is related to the idea of intense heat and fire.

G0243

Part of Speech: Prefix

Sounds like: ALL

Translations: other, another, different, foreign

Notes: This is a prefix form of the word 'ἄλλος' (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to form compound words that convey the idea of something being different, foreign, or belonging to another group. For example, 'ἀλλογενῶν' means 'of other races', 'ἀλλότριοι' means 'strangers' or 'foreigners', and 'ἀλλόφυλους' means 'foreigners' or 'of another tribe'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix)

Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.

G5613, G4300

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: OHS-proh-ee-REE-kah-men

Translations: as we have said before, as we said before, as we have previously stated

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the conjunction "as" (ὥς) and the perfect active indicative form of the verb "to say beforehand" (προερῶ). It means "as we have said before" or "as we have previously stated." It is used to refer back to something that has already been mentioned or explained earlier in the text.

Inflection: First Person Plural, Perfect Active Indicative

Synonyms: ΚΑΘΩΣ ΕΙΠΟΜΕΝ, ΩΣ ΕΙΠΟΜΕΝ

G0646

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-pos-TAH-seh-ohs

Translations: of rebellion, of revolt, of defection, of apostasy

Notes: This word refers to a falling away, a defection, or a rebellion from a previous state, allegiance, or belief. It describes a deliberate abandonment or renunciation, often implying a separation from a religious or political authority. It is used to describe acts of revolt or a turning away from faith.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΣΤΑΣΙΣ, ἈΠΟΧΩΡΗΣΙΣ, ἈΠΟΦΥΓΗ

Etymology: The word ἀποστασία (apostasia) comes from the Greek verb ἀφίστημι (aphistēmi), meaning 'to stand off, to depart, to withdraw'. It is formed from ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and στάσις (stasis), meaning 'a standing' or 'a state'.

G0756

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eer-XAH-toh

Translations: began, started

Notes: This is a verb form meaning 'he/she/it began' or 'he/she/it started'. It is used to indicate the commencement of an action or state, often implying that the subject initiated the action themselves (middle voice) or that the action simply began (passive voice).

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle/Passive, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΝΑΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΑΡΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: From the Greek word ἄρχω (archō), meaning 'to be first, to rule, to begin'. The middle voice ἄρχομαι means 'to begin' or 'to take the lead'.

G3327

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: meh-TEH-bee

Translations: he/she/it went over, he/she/it passed over, he/she/it moved, he/she/it transferred, he/she/it departed

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from μετά (meta, 'with, after, among') and βαίνω (bainō, 'to go, to step'). It means to go over, pass over, or move from one place to another. It can also imply a change of state or condition, or a departure.

Inflection: Aorist Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΥΠΑΓΩ

Etymology: The word ΜΕΤΑΒΑΙΝΩ is a compound of the preposition μετά (meta), meaning 'with, after, among', and the verb βαίνω (bainō), meaning 'to go, to step'.

G4444

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: poor-GOHN-tas

Translations: building a tower, fortifying, strengthening, making strong

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'πυργόω' (pyrgoo). It describes the action of building a tower or fortifying something. It can also be used metaphorically to mean strengthening or making something strong. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an ongoing action.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine or Neuter, Accusative Singular

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΟΔΟΜΕΩ, ΚΑΤΑΣΚΕΥΑΖΩ

Etymology: The verb 'πυργόω' (pyrgoo) is derived from the noun 'πύργος' (pyrgos), meaning 'tower' or 'fortress'. It refers to the act of constructing or reinforcing such a structure.

G4721

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: STEG-as

Translations: of a roof, of a covering, of a shelter

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'στέγη' (stegē), meaning 'roof,' 'covering,' or 'shelter.' It is used to indicate possession or origin, often translated with 'of' or 'belonging to.' For example, it might refer to 'the wood of the roof' or 'the purpose of covering.'

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΚΕΠΗ, ΚΑΛΥΜΜΑ

Etymology: The word 'στέγη' (stegē) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to cover' or 'to protect.' It is related to verbs like 'στέγω' (stegō), meaning 'to cover' or 'to roof over.'

G3551