2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EN

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at, into, to

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its primary meaning is 'in' or 'within,' indicating location, time, or state. It always takes the dative case. Depending on the context, it can also be translated as 'on,' 'among,' 'with' (indicating accompaniment or instrument), 'by' (indicating means or agent), or 'at.' Sometimes it can imply motion into a place, similar to 'into' or 'to,' especially when the context suggests movement towards a location where something then resides.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It is cognate with English 'in'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G2532

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G1249

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: dee-AH-dokh-os

Translations: successor, a successor

Notes: This word refers to a successor, someone who takes the place of another, especially in an office, position, or lineage. It is often used to describe someone who follows in the footsteps of a predecessor, inheriting their role or responsibilities. It is a compound word formed from διά (dia, 'through, across') and δέχομαι (dechomai, 'to receive, accept').

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΓΟΝΟΣ, ΚΛΗΡΟΝΟΜΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΔΙΑΔΟΧΟΣ is derived from the Greek preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'across', and the verb δέχομαι (dechomai), meaning 'to receive' or 'to accept'. It literally means 'one who receives through' or 'one who takes over'.

G3739

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Conjunction

Sounds like: HOS

Translations: who, which, what, that, as, how, when

Notes: The word 'ΟΣ' is a versatile relative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'who,' 'which,' or 'that,' depending on the context and the gender, number, and case it agrees with. It introduces a relative clause, linking it to a preceding noun or pronoun. It can also function as a conjunction, meaning 'as,' 'how,' or 'when,' indicating manner or time.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Etymology: The word 'ΟΣ' is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has been a fundamental part of the Greek language's grammatical structure for millennia, serving to connect clauses and introduce relative information.

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G3686

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: O-no-MA

Translations: name, a name, reputation, character, authority, title

Notes: This word refers to a name, whether of a person, place, or thing. It can also signify one's reputation, character, or authority, as a name often represents the essence of a person or entity. It is commonly used in phrases like 'in the name of' to denote authority or representation.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΛΕΟΣ, ΦΗΜΗ, ΔΟΞΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'name'. It is cognate with Latin 'nomen' and English 'name'.

G3173

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: MEH-gas

Translations: great, large, mighty, important, significant, powerful

Notes: ΜΕΓΑΣ is an adjective meaning "great" or "large." It is used to describe the size, intensity, or importance of something or someone. For example, it can refer to a large storm, a great priest, or a significant event. As an adjective, it changes its form to match the gender, number, and case of the noun it describes.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative. As an adjective, it inflects for gender, number, and case to agree with the noun it modifies.

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΙΣΧΥΡΟΣ, ΜΕΓΑΛΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *meǵh₂- (great). It is a primary adjective in Greek.

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: EP-ee

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, by, for, concerning, during, after, of, a

Notes: This word is a very common preposition and adverb in Koine Greek. As a preposition, its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'on,' 'upon,' 'over,' 'in the time of,' or 'concerning.' With the dative case, it can mean 'on,' 'at,' 'by,' 'for,' or 'in addition to.' With the accusative case, it typically means 'to,' 'against,' 'upon,' 'over,' or 'for the purpose of.' It is also frequently used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'upon,' 'over,' 'to,' or 'in addition.'

Inflection: Governs Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases. Does not inflect itself.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΥΠΕΡ, ΚΑΤΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.

G4991

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: soh-tee-REE-ah

Translations: salvation, a salvation, deliverance, preservation, safety

Notes: This word refers to the act of saving or being saved from danger, destruction, or sin. In a theological context, it often refers to spiritual deliverance from sin and its consequences, leading to eternal life. It can also refer to physical rescue or preservation from harm.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΥΤΡΩΣΙΣ, ΛΥΤΡΩΣΙΣ, ΔΙΑΣΩΣΙΣ

Etymology: From the verb σώζω (sōzō, "to save, deliver, preserve"), related to σωτήρ (sōtēr, "savior").

G1588

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ek-lek-TON

Translations: of the chosen, of the elect, of the select, of the chosen ones, of the elect ones

Notes: This word refers to those who have been chosen or selected, often with a connotation of being specially favored or set apart. It can function as an adjective modifying a noun, or as a substantive noun referring to 'the chosen ones' or 'the elect'. In a religious context, it frequently refers to those chosen by God for a specific purpose or for salvation.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΚΛΟΓΗ, ΕΠΙΛΕΚΤΟΣ, ΑΓΙΟΣ

G1556

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ek-dee-KAY-sai

Translations: to avenge, to vindicate, to punish, to exact punishment

Notes: This word means to avenge, to vindicate, or to punish. It implies taking action to right a wrong, either by defending someone who has been wronged or by inflicting punishment on the wrongdoer. It can be used in contexts of seeking justice or retribution.

Inflection: Aorist Active Infinitive or Aorist Middle Imperative (2nd person singular)

Synonyms: ΤΙΜΩΡΕΩ, ΑΜΥΝΩ

Etymology: From EK (out of, from) and ΔΙΚΗ (justice, right). It literally means 'to obtain justice from' or 'to exact justice'.

G1892

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-eh-geh-ee-ROH-meh-noos

Translations: stirring up, rousing, inciting, raising up, awakening

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'epegeiro', meaning to stir up, rouse, or incite. It describes an action of causing someone or something to become active or agitated, often with the implication of provoking or instigating. It can be used to describe people being stirred up to action or emotions being aroused.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Accusative, Present, Middle/Passive Participle

Synonyms: ΑΝΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΕΓΕΙΡΩ, ΚΙΝΕΩ

Etymology: The word 'epegeiro' is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'epi' (upon, over, to) and the verb 'egeiro' (to raise, awaken, stir up). It literally means 'to raise upon' or 'to stir up against/towards'.

G2624

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-klee-roh-noh-MEH-see

Translations: inherit, take possession of, obtain by inheritance, possess fully

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata, meaning 'down' or 'fully') and the verb κληρονομέω (kleronomeo, meaning 'to inherit' or 'to obtain by lot'). It signifies the act of fully inheriting or taking complete possession of something, often land or an estate. It emphasizes the secure and complete acquisition of an inheritance.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Aorist, Subjunctive, Active

Synonyms: ΚΛΗΡΟΝΟΜΕΩ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩ

G5613

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G1614

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ek-TEE-nai

Translations: to stretch out, to extend, to reach out, to put forth

Notes: This is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'ekteinō'. It is a compound verb formed from 'ek' (out of, from) and 'teinō' (to stretch). It means to stretch or extend something outwards, such as a hand or a limb. It can also imply an action of reaching or putting forth.

Inflection: Infinitive, Aorist, Active

Synonyms: ΕΚΠΕΤΑΣΝΥΜΙ, ΕΚΤΕΛΕΩ, ΕΚΦΕΡΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἐκ (ek, 'out of') and τείνω (teinō, 'to stretch').

G4172

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: POH-lis

Translations: city, a city, town, a town

Notes: The word 'polis' refers to a city or town, a populated center where people live and gather. In ancient contexts, it often implied a self-governing city-state, but in Koine Greek, it frequently refers simply to any significant urban settlement. It is used to denote the physical location and its inhabitants.

Inflection: Singular, Feminine, Nominative or Vocative

Synonyms: ΚΩΜΗ, ΧΩΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (to fill) or *pel- (to build, to enclose). It refers to a fortified place or a populated area.

G5101

Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective

Sounds like: TEES

Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing

Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.

Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.

G4387

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PRO-teh-ross

Translations: former, earlier, first, prior, a former, an earlier, a first, a prior

Notes: This word describes something that comes before another in time, order, or importance. It can refer to something that existed previously or happened earlier. It is often used to distinguish between an earlier state or event and a later one.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular; or Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΡΩΤΟΣ, ΠΑΛΑΙΟΣ, ΑΡΧΑΙΟΣ

Etymology: From the comparative form of the adverb πρό (pro), meaning 'before'. It indicates a position or time that is prior to something else.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G1063

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G4190

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: po-LEH-mee-oos

Translations: enemies, hostile ones

Notes: This word refers to those who are hostile or at war with someone. It is often used as a substantive noun to mean 'enemies' or 'adversaries'. In a sentence, it would typically describe a group of people who are in opposition or conflict.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΧΘΡΟΥΣ, ΑΝΤΙΚΕΙΜΕΝΟΥΣ

Etymology: The word πόλεμος (polemos) means 'war' or 'battle'. The suffix -ιος (-ios) is used to form adjectives indicating belonging or relation. Thus, πολεμίος means 'belonging to war' or 'hostile', and by extension, 'an enemy'.

G2962

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KOO-ree-os

Translations: Lord, a Lord, Master, a Master, Sir, a Sir

Notes: This is a nomina sacra, a sacred name abbreviation, for ΚΥΡΙΟΣ (Kyrios). It refers to a supreme authority, master, or owner. It is frequently used in the New Testament to refer to God or Jesus Christ, signifying their divine authority and sovereignty. It can also be used as a respectful address, similar to 'Sir'.

Inflection: Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΘΕΟΣ, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ

Etymology: The word ΚΥΡΙΟΣ derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *keu- meaning 'to swell, to be strong, to be powerful'. It refers to one who has power or authority.

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOS

Translations: he, she, it, they, himself, herself, itself, themselves, same, very, a same, the same

Notes: This word functions as both a pronoun and an adjective. As a pronoun, it can mean 'he, she, it' (third person personal pronoun) or be used intensively to mean 'himself, herself, itself, themselves'. When used as an adjective, it means 'the same' or 'the very'. Its meaning depends on its position and context within a sentence. For example, when used attributively with an article (e.g., ὁ αὐτὸς), it means 'the same'. When used predicatively or without an article, it often has an intensive meaning ('he himself').

Inflection: Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter; Singular or Plural; Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ew-to- (self, same).

G1863

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-ay-GAH-gen

Translations: brought upon, led on, brought in, inflicted, caused

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'epagō'. It means 'he/she/it brought upon', 'led on', 'brought in', or 'inflicted'. It describes an action that was completed in the past, often with the sense of bringing something (like a consequence, judgment, or person) upon someone or something else. It can also imply causing something to happen.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΦΕΡΩ, ΕΠΙΤΙΘΗΜΙ

G3780

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: OO-khee

Translations: no, not, by no means, certainly not

Notes: This word is a strong negative particle, used to express an emphatic 'no' or 'not'. It is often used when the speaker expects a negative answer or wants to strongly deny something. It can stand alone as an answer or be used to negate a verb or a phrase, emphasizing the denial more strongly than a simple 'οὐ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ, ΜΗ

Etymology: From οὐ (ou) and the enclitic particle χί (chi), which adds emphasis. It is a strengthened form of the simple negative particle οὐ.

G1746

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-neh-POH-dee-sen

Translations: hindered, prevented, impeded, obstructed

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to hinder,' 'to prevent,' or 'to impede.' It describes the act of putting an obstacle in someone's path or making progress difficult. It is often used in contexts where someone or something is being stopped from moving forward or achieving a goal.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: KOLYUO, EMPODON

Etymology: The word EMPODIZO is a compound of the preposition EN (in, on) and PODIZO (to trip, to put a foot). PODIZO itself derives from POUS (foot). Thus, it literally means 'to put a foot in the way' or 'to trip up,' leading to the meaning of hindering or impeding.

G4314

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G1941

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-eh-ka-LEH-sah-toh

Translations: he called upon, he appealed to, he invoked, he named, he surnamed

Notes: This verb describes the act of calling upon someone or something, often for help, protection, or as an appeal. It can also mean to invoke a name, or to name/surname someone. In its middle voice, as seen here, it emphasizes the subject's action for themselves or on their own behalf, such as 'he called upon for himself' or 'he appealed on his own behalf'.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle Voice, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΕΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΑΛΕΩ

G2962

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KOO-ree-ON

Translations: Lord, a Lord

Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for ΚΥΡΙΟΝ (KYRION), meaning 'Lord'. It is the accusative singular form of ΚΥΡΙΟΣ (KYRIOS), which means 'Lord' or 'Master'. It is used to refer to God or Jesus Christ, or sometimes to a human master or owner. In the provided context, it is used with the accusative article 'ΤΟΝ', indicating it is the direct object of a verb.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΘΕΟΣ

Etymology: From ΚΥΡΟΣ (KYROS), meaning 'power' or 'authority'. It refers to one who has power or authority, hence 'lord' or 'master'.

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TON

Translations: him, it, them, himself, itself, the same

Notes: This word is an inflection of the pronoun 'ΑΥΤΟΣ'. It can function as a personal pronoun meaning 'him' or 'it' (singular), or 'them' (plural). It can also be used as an intensive pronoun, meaning 'himself' or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. Additionally, when used with an article, it can function as an adjective meaning 'the same'. Its meaning depends on the context and whether it's used alone or with an article.

Inflection: Accusative, Masculine or Neuter, Singular; or Accusative, Masculine, Plural

G2945

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: koo-KLO-theh

Translations: around, round about, on every side, all around

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'around' or 'on every side'. It describes the location or direction of something, indicating that it encompasses or surrounds a central point or object. It is often used to describe a group of people or things encircling something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΥΚΛΩ

Etymology: Derived from the noun ΚΥΚΛΟΣ (KYKLOS), meaning 'circle' or 'ring', with the suffix -ΘΕΝ (-THEN) indicating origin or direction 'from'.

G1874

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-ay-KOO-sen

Translations: he heard, she heard, it heard, he listened, she listened, it listened, he answered, she answered, it answered

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'ΕΠΑΚΟΥΩ' (epakouō). It means 'to hear', 'to listen to', or 'to answer'. In ancient Greek, the aorist tense describes an action that occurred at a specific point in the past, often completed. It implies a definite act of hearing or responding.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΑΚΟΥΩ, ΥΠΑΚΟΥΩ

Etymology: The word 'ΕΠΑΚΟΥΩ' is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'ΕΠΙ' (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'to', and the verb 'ΑΚΟΥΩ' (akouō), meaning 'to hear'. Thus, it literally means 'to hear upon' or 'to hear in response to', leading to the sense of listening attentively or answering.

G2692

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-ter-RAX-en

Translations: he broke, he shattered, he tore down, he broke in pieces, he burst

Notes: This is a verb meaning to break, shatter, or tear down with force. It describes an action of violent destruction or breaking apart. It is often used to describe the breaking of something into pieces or the tearing down of a structure. In the provided context, it refers to breaking or unleashing war upon a nation.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΤΡΙΒΩ, ΡΗΓΝΥΜΙ, ΚΑΤΑΛΥΩ

Etymology: The word καταρράσσω (katarrassō) is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb ῥάσσω (rhassō), meaning 'to strike' or 'to dash'. Thus, it literally means 'to strike down' or 'to dash down'.

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: ep-EE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, by, in, for, in addition to, besides, after, during, when, because of, concerning

Notes: This word is a common Koine Greek preposition that can also function as an adverb or a prefix. Its meaning is highly dependent on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'on, upon, over' (of place or time), 'in the time of', or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'on, upon, at' (of place), 'in addition to', 'for the purpose of', or 'because of'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'on, upon, to' (indicating motion towards), 'against', 'over' (of authority), or 'for' (of purpose). As a prefix, it generally adds the meaning of 'upon', 'over', 'to', or 'in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΠΑΡΑ, ΥΠΕΡ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.

G1484

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ETH-nos

Translations: nation, a nation, people, a people, Gentile, a Gentile, heathen, a heathen

Notes: This word refers to a nation, a people group, or a race. In the New Testament, it is frequently used in the plural (ἔθνη) to refer to 'the Gentiles' or 'the nations,' distinguishing non-Jewish peoples from the Jewish people. It can also simply mean a large group of people sharing common descent, culture, or language.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΛΑΟΣ, ΦΥΛΗ

Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to ἔθος (ethos, 'custom, habit'), suggesting a group defined by common customs.

G2606

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kah-tah-BAH-say

Translations: (to) descent, (to) a descent, (to) going down

Notes: This word refers to the act of descending or going down, or a place where one descends, such as a slope or a pass. It is a compound word formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the root of βαίνω (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to step'. It can be used to describe a physical movement downwards or a specific location that involves a downward path.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΒΑΣΙΣ, ΚΑΘΟΔΟΣ

G0436

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: an-thes-TEE-koh-tas

Translations: those who have resisted, those who have opposed, those who have stood against

Notes: This word describes individuals who have taken a stand against something or someone, indicating a past action with ongoing results. It implies a state of opposition or resistance that has been established.

Inflection: Perfect Active Participle, Accusative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΝΤΙΤΑΤΤΟΜΕΝΟΥΣ, ΑΝΤΙΛΕΓΟΝΤΑΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀντί (anti, "against") and ἵστημι (histēmi, "to stand"). It literally means "to stand against."

G2443

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: EE-nah

Translations: in order that, that, so that, to

Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause expressing purpose, result, or content. It often translates to 'in order that' or simply 'that' when indicating the aim or outcome of an action. It can also be used to express a command or exhortation, especially when followed by the subjunctive mood.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣΤΕ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en- (in). It is related to the preposition 'in' and developed into a conjunction expressing purpose or result.

G3833

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pan-op-LEE-an

Translations: full armor, complete armor, a full set of armor

Notes: This word refers to a complete set of armor, including all defensive and offensive weapons. It is a compound word derived from 'πᾶν' (all) and 'ὅπλον' (weapon, armor), literally meaning 'all weapons' or 'full armament'. It is often used metaphorically to describe spiritual armor or complete preparedness.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΠΛΑ, ΠΑΝΤΕΥΧΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΠΑΝΟΠΛΙΑ is a compound of the Greek words πᾶν (pan), meaning 'all' or 'every', and ὅπλον (hoplon), meaning 'weapon' or 'armor'. It refers to a complete set of military equipment.

G3754

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G1727

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: en-AN-tee-on

Translations: opposite, over against, contrary, in front of, before, against

Notes: This word describes something that is in opposition to, or directly facing, something else. As an adjective, it means 'opposite' or 'contrary'. As an adverb, it means 'over against' or 'in front of', indicating a position or direction. It can be used to describe physical opposition or a state of being contrary to something.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΝΤΙΚΡΥΣ, ΚΑΤΕΝΑΝΤΙΟΝ, ΑΠΕΝΑΝΤΙ

G4171

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: POH-leh-mos

Translations: war, a war, battle, a battle, fight, a fight

Notes: This word refers to a state of armed conflict between different countries or groups, or a particular series of battles or campaigns. It can also refer to a struggle or conflict of any kind. It is typically used in the singular, but can also be found in the plural to denote multiple conflicts or aspects of war.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΑΧΗ, ΕΡΙΣ, ΑΓΩΝ

Etymology: The etymology of ΠΟΛΕΜΟΣ is uncertain, but it is thought to be of pre-Greek origin, possibly related to a root meaning 'to fight' or 'to contend'.

G190

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-ay-ko-LOO-thay-sen

Translations: he followed, she followed, it followed, he accompanied, she accompanied, it accompanied

Notes: This word describes the action of following or accompanying someone or something. It implies moving behind or in the same direction as another, often with the purpose of joining, supporting, or observing. It is used to indicate a past action of following.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΕΠΕΤΑΞΕΝ, ΣΥΝΗΚΟΛΟΥΘΗΣΕΝ

Etymology: The word ΑΚΟΛΟΥΘΕΩ is a compound of the prefix 'α-' (a-, meaning 'together with' or 'alike') and 'κελευθος' (keleuthos, meaning 'a way' or 'path'). It literally means 'to be on the same path' or 'to go along with'.

G1656

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: EH-leh-os

Translations: mercy, pity, compassion, a mercy

Notes: This word refers to mercy, pity, or compassion, often extended by a superior to an inferior, or by one who has the power to help to one who is in need. It signifies an active demonstration of compassion, not just a feeling. It is a masculine noun.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΤΙΡΜΟΣ, ΕΥΣΠΛΑΓΧΝΙΑ

Etymology: The etymology of 'ΕΛΕΟΣ' is uncertain, but it is thought to be an ancient word with no clear connection to other Greek roots. It has been used since Homeric times.

G3778

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: OO-tos

Translations: this, that, he, she, it, these, those, this one, that one

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something or someone that is near, or has just been mentioned. It can function as a substantive (e.g., 'he', 'she', 'it', 'this one') or as an adjective modifying a noun (e.g., 'this man', 'these things'). It often refers to something immediately present or recently discussed in the discourse.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΔΕ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be an ancient demonstrative pronoun in Greek, possibly related to other Indo-European demonstratives.

G5207

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: HUI-os

Translations: son, a son

Notes: This word refers to a male offspring, a son. It is a masculine noun and is commonly used to denote a direct descendant or, in a broader sense, someone who shares a close relationship or characteristic with another, such as 'sons of God' or 'sons of disobedience'. It can also refer to a young man or a male child.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΤΕΚΝΟΝ, ΠΑΙΣ

Etymology: From an unused root, probably meaning 'to beget'. It is related to the concept of generation and lineage.

G2492

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: yeh-foo-NEH

Translations: Jephunneh

Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to a specific individual, Jephunneh. In the Old Testament, Jephunneh is known as the father of Caleb, one of the twelve spies sent by Moses into the land of Canaan. As a proper noun, it does not inflect in the same way as common nouns or verbs.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative

Etymology: The name Jephunneh is of Hebrew origin (יְפֻנֶּה, Yefunneh), meaning 'he will be faced' or 'he will be prepared'. It is a biblical name found in the Old Testament.

G0436

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: an-tis-TEE-nai

Translations: to resist, to oppose, to stand against, to set oneself against

Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning 'to stand against' or 'to resist'. It describes the act of opposing someone or something, often with a sense of defiance or active resistance. It implies taking a stand or setting oneself in opposition to another force or person.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΝΤΙΛΕΓΩ, ΑΝΤΙΤΑΤΤΩ, ΑΝΤΙΚΕΙΜΑΙ

Etymology: From the preposition ἀντί (anti), meaning 'against' or 'opposite to', and the verb ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand'. Thus, it literally means 'to stand against'.

G1727

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: eh-NAN-tee

Translations: opposite, in front of, before, against, contrary to

Notes: This word functions as an adverb, indicating a position or direction that is opposite to something else, or a state of being contrary to something. It can be used to describe something located directly in front of another object or person, or to express opposition or antagonism towards someone or something. It often takes the genitive case when used as a preposition.

Inflection: Does not inflect (adverbial form of ΕΝΑΝΤΙΟΣ)

Synonyms: ΑΝΤΙ, ΚΑΤΕΝΑΝΤΙ, ΑΠΕΝΑΝΤΙ

Etymology: The word ΕΝΑΝΤΙΟΣ (from which ΕΝΑΝΤΙ is derived) comes from the prepositional prefix ΕΝ (in) and ΑΝΤΙ (against, opposite). It literally means 'in opposition' or 'in front of'.

G0575

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: AH-po

Translations: from, away from, by, of, out of, because of, by means of

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates separation, origin, or cause. It is always followed by a noun or pronoun in the genitive case. It can mean 'from' in the sense of moving away from a place, 'from' in the sense of origin or source, or 'by' when indicating the agent or cause of an action.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *apo- 'off, away'. It is cognate with Latin ab and English off.

G1112

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: gong-goos-MON

Translations: grumbling, murmuring, complaining, a grumbling, a murmuring, a complaining

Notes: This word refers to a low, continuous sound, often expressing discontent, complaint, or dissatisfaction. It describes the act of grumbling or murmuring, typically done in a low voice, indicating a hidden or suppressed complaint. It is used to describe the act of expressing dissatisfaction or discontent, often in a rebellious or disobedient manner.

Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΓΟΓΓΥΣΜΟΣ, ΓΟΓΓΥΣΜΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΓΟΓΓΥΣΜΟΣ (gongysmos) is derived from the verb γογγύζω (gongyzō), meaning 'to grumble' or 'to murmur'. It is an onomatopoeic word, imitating the sound of grumbling.

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOY

Translations: they, themselves, to them, for them, to themselves, for themselves

Notes: This word is a pronoun that can function as a personal pronoun (they, them) or a reflexive pronoun (themselves). It can also be used to emphasize a noun, meaning 'the very' or 'the same'. Its meaning depends on the case and context. For example, in the nominative case, it typically means 'they' or 'themselves', while in the dative case, it means 'to them' or 'for them'.

Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Nominative or Dative

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΙ, ΟΥΤΟΙ

G1295

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-eh-SOH-thay-san

Translations: they were saved, they were rescued, they escaped safely

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'thoroughly', and the verb σῴζω (sōizō), meaning 'to save' or 'to preserve'. Therefore, διασῴζω means 'to save through', 'to bring safely through', or 'to rescue completely'. In this form, it indicates that a group of people were saved or rescued, often implying a difficult or dangerous situation from which they emerged safely.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΣΩΖΩ, ΡΥΟΜΑΙ, ΕΚΦΕΥΓΩ

G1521

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ice-ah-gah-GAYN

Translations: to bring in, to lead in, to introduce, to bring into

Notes: This word means to bring or lead someone or something into a place or situation. It describes the action of introducing or ushering something from an outside position to an inside one. It is often used in contexts of entering a house, a city, or a specific state.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΙΣΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΕΙΣΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: From the Greek preposition ΕΙΣ (eis), meaning 'into' or 'to', and the verb ΑΓΩ (ago), meaning 'to lead' or 'to bring'. The compound verb literally means 'to lead into'.

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOOS

Translations: them, themselves, him, it, the same

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the pronoun 'ΑΥΤΟΣ' (autos). In this specific form, it is used to mean 'them' or 'themselves' when referring to masculine plural nouns in the accusative case. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', 'itself', or 'the same' depending on the context and agreement with the noun it modifies. When used as a personal pronoun, it often refers back to a previously mentioned noun.

Inflection: Accusative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΥΣ, ΣΦΑΣ

G1519, G1520

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, toward, among, in, a, an, one

Notes: As a preposition, ΕΙΣ (eis) indicates motion or direction towards a place, person, or purpose, often translated as 'into,' 'to,' or 'for.' It always takes the accusative case. For example, 'into the house' or 'to God.' It can also be used to express purpose or result. As a numeral, ΕΙΣ (heis) means 'one' and is the masculine nominative singular form, often translated as 'a,' 'an,' or 'one.'

Inflection: Preposition: Does not inflect. Numeral: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (other forms exist for other genders and cases).

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en-s, an extended form of the preposition *en (in).

G2817

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: klay-roh-noh-MEE-ahn

Translations: inheritance, an inheritance, heritage, a heritage, possession, a possession

Notes: This word refers to an inheritance, a heritage, or a possession. It denotes something received by lot or as a legacy, often property or a spiritual blessing. It is used in sentences to describe what is passed down or acquired.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΛΗΡΟΣ, ΚΑΤΑΚΛΗΡΟΝΟΜΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΚΛΗΡΟΝΟΜΙΑ (klēronomia) comes from the combination of κλῆρος (klēros), meaning 'lot' or 'portion', and νέμω (nemō), meaning 'to distribute' or 'to assign'. It refers to that which is distributed by lot or assigned as a portion.

G1093

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GAYN

Translations: earth, an earth, land, a land, ground, a ground, country, a country, region, a region

Notes: ΓΗΝ is the accusative singular form of the noun ΓΗ, meaning 'earth', 'land', 'ground', 'country', or 'region'. It is used to indicate the direct object of a verb or the destination of motion, often translated as 'to the earth' or 'into the land' depending on the context and accompanying prepositions. It can refer to the planet, a specific territory, or the soil itself.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΓΕΑ

G1051

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GA-la

Translations: milk

Notes: This word refers to milk, the nourishing fluid produced by mammals. It is often used literally to describe a food source, but can also be used metaphorically to represent basic or foundational teachings, especially in a spiritual context, as opposed to more solid food (meat) which represents deeper truths.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative. This noun is indeclinable in the singular, meaning its form does not change for different cases.

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words for milk in other Indo-European languages.

G2479

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: is-KHOON

Translations: strength, power, might, force, ability, a strength, a power

Notes: This word refers to inherent strength, power, or might, often implying a capacity for action or resistance. It can describe physical, moral, or spiritual power. In the provided context, it likely refers to the power or might of God.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΜΙΣ, ΚΡΑΤΟΣ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑ

Etymology: The word 'ΙΣΧΥΣ' (the root of ΙΣΧΥΝ) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to a root meaning 'to hold back' or 'to be strong'.

G2193

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: EH-ohs

Translations: until, while, as long as, up to, even to, as far as

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a point in time or extent in space. It is commonly translated as 'until' or 'as long as' when referring to time, and 'up to' or 'as far as' when referring to space. It can also mean 'while' or 'during the time that', often introducing a temporal clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΕΧΡΙ, ΑΧΡΙ, ΠΡΙΝ

Etymology: From a prolonged form of a primary particle. It is an ancient Greek word with a long history of use in temporal and spatial contexts.

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) them, (for) him, (for) her, (for) it, (for) them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, the same

Notes: This word is a personal pronoun that can also function as an adjective. In its pronominal use, it typically means 'him', 'her', 'it', or 'them', depending on the gender and number. When used intensively, it can mean 'himself', 'herself', 'itself', or 'themselves', emphasizing the subject. As an adjective, it means 'the same'. The form ΑΥΤΩ is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΥΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a demonstrative pronominal stem. It is a fundamental pronoun in Greek, used across various dialects and periods.

G5311

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: Y-PSOS

Translations: height, a height, high, on high, top, summit, heaven

Notes: This word refers to the state of being high or elevated. It can denote physical height, such as the height of a tree or a building, or a more abstract sense of being 'on high' or in a lofty position, often referring to heaven or a place of divine authority. It is used to describe both literal elevation and metaphorical exaltation.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΝΩ, ΟΥΡΑΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word "ΥΨΟΣ" comes from the adjective "ὑψύς" (hypsys), meaning "high" or "lofty." It is related to the Proto-Indo-European root *up-, meaning "up, over."

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G1093

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GAYS

Translations: (of) earth, (of) land, (of) ground, (of) world, (of) country, (of) region

Notes: This word refers to the earth, land, or ground. It can denote the physical soil, a specific territory or country, or the entire planet. As a genitive form, it indicates possession, origin, or the material from which something is made, often translated with 'of' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΑΓΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΓΗ (gē) comes from Proto-Hellenic *gā́, which itself is from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁- ('earth').

G4690

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: SPER-mah

Translations: seed, a seed, offspring, descendants, children, posterity

Notes: This word refers to 'seed' in a literal sense, like the seed from which a plant grows. It is also commonly used metaphorically to mean 'offspring' or 'descendants', referring to a lineage or posterity. It can be used in contexts like 'the seed of Abraham' to mean Abraham's descendants.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΟΣ, ΓΕΝΝΗΜΑ

Etymology: The word 'σπέρμα' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *sper- meaning 'to strew, sow'. It is related to the verb 'σπείρω' (speirō), meaning 'to sow'.

G2722

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-TES-khen

Translations: held, he held, she held, it held, took possession of, he took possession of, she took possession of, it took possession of, restrained, he restrained, she restrained, it restrained, occupied, he occupied, she occupied, it occupied, possessed, he possessed, she possessed, it possessed, retained, he retained, she retained, it retained, seized, he seized, she seized, it seized

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'κατέχω' (katechō). It means 'he/she/it held,' 'took possession of,' 'restrained,' 'occupied,' 'possessed,' 'retained,' or 'seized.' It describes an action that occurred in the past and was completed. It can be used in various contexts, such as holding onto something, taking control of a place, or restraining someone.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΕΧΩ, ΚΡΑΤΕΩ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

Etymology: The word 'κατέχω' is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'κατά' (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against,' and the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold.' The combination implies holding down, holding fast, or holding against something.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

Part of Speech: Numeral, Abbreviation

Sounds like: EES-lah

Translations: 240, two hundred forty, Israel

Notes: This word, ΙΣΛʼ, is most likely a numerical representation in Koine Greek, where letters are used as numbers. In this system, Ι (iota) represents 10, Σ (sigma) represents 200, and Λ (lambda) represents 30. When combined, they sum to 240. The apostrophe-like mark (keraia) indicates that the preceding letters are to be interpreted as a number. However, it is also possible, though less common for this specific sequence, that it is an abbreviation for 'Israel' (ΙΣΡΑΗΛ), with the apostrophe indicating a truncation.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The numerical interpretation derives from the ancient Greek alphabetic numeral system. The abbreviation possibility comes from the common practice of shortening proper nouns in ancient texts.

G3745

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-sohn

Translations: (of) how many, (of) as many as, (of) all that, (of) whatsoever

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective/pronoun ὅσος (hosos), meaning 'how much, how great, as much as, as many as'. It is used to refer to a quantity or extent, often in a relative sense, indicating 'all that' or 'as many as' in a given context. As a genitive plural, it typically functions to show possession, origin, or a part of a larger group, often translated with 'of'.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders

Synonyms: PAS, HOLOS

G3756

Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express negation. It typically precedes a word beginning with a vowel or is used at the end of a clause. It is used to deny a fact or to express a strong prohibition. It is often used with verbs to negate their action, meaning 'not' or 'no'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ, ΟΥΧΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a primary negative particle in Ancient Greek, related to similar negative particles in other Indo-European languages.

G1608

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eks-ep-OR-nef-sen

Translations: committed fornication, committed sexual immorality, prostituted, engaged in illicit sexual acts

Notes: This word describes the act of committing fornication or engaging in illicit sexual immorality. It is often used in a strong sense to denote a complete abandonment to sexual sin, going beyond simple fornication to a deeper level of moral corruption or prostitution. It can also be used metaphorically to describe spiritual unfaithfulness, like idolatry, where one 'prostitutes' themselves to false gods.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΠΟΡΝΕΥΩ, ΜΟΙΧΕΥΩ

Etymology: From G1537 (ΕΚ, 'out from, from') and G4203 (ΠΟΡΝΕΥΩ, 'to commit fornication'). It literally means 'to commit fornication out of' or 'to utterly commit fornication', emphasizing the completeness or intensity of the act.

G3588, G3739, G2228

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G3745

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Relative Adjective

Sounds like: OH-soy

Translations: as many as, all who, whoever, how many

Notes: This word functions as a relative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'as many as' or 'all who'. It introduces a relative clause and refers to a quantity or number of people or things. It is used to connect a dependent clause to a main clause, specifying the extent or number of the antecedent.

Inflection: Nominative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΠΑΣ, ΟΣΤΙΣ

Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun ὅς (hos, 'this, that') and the suffix -σος (-sos), indicating quantity or degree. It is related to other words indicating quantity or extent.

G654

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-pes-tra-PHE-san

Translations: they turned away, they turned back, they returned, they rejected, they shunned

Notes: This word describes the action of turning away or turning back, often implying a rejection or shunning of something or someone. It can also mean to return to a previous state or place. It is used to describe a group of people performing this action.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΑΠΟΚΛΙΝΩ

Etymology: The word ΑΠΟΣΤΡΕΦΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΑΠΟ (APO), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb ΣΤΡΕΦΩ (STREPHO), meaning 'to turn'. Thus, it literally means 'to turn away from'.

G3422

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: mnee-MO-sy-non

Translations: memorial, remembrance, a memorial, a remembrance

Notes: This word refers to something that serves as a reminder or a monument, often commemorating a person, event, or covenant. It can be used to describe an act of remembrance, a physical object, or a lasting legacy.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΜΝΗΜΗ, ΥΠΟΜΝΗΣΙΣ

Etymology: From the Greek word μνήμη (mnēmē), meaning 'memory' or 'remembrance'. It refers to something that brings to mind or preserves the memory of a person or event.

G2129

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: yoo-loh-GHEE-ais

Translations: (with) blessings, (with) praise, (with) good words, (with) benedictions, (with) bounties

Notes: This word is a noun meaning 'blessing,' 'praise,' or 'good word.' It is often used in the context of divine favor or a spoken blessing. It can also refer to a material gift or bounty, indicating a tangible expression of goodwill or generosity. In this inflected form, it indicates the plural dative case, meaning 'to/for/with/by blessings' or 'to/for/with/by praises.'

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΥΧΑΡΙΣΤΙΑ, ΕΥΦΗΜΙΑ

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G1537

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EK

Translations: out of, from, of, by, among, with

Notes: This word is a preposition that typically governs the genitive case. It denotes origin, source, or separation, indicating movement 'out of' or 'from' a place, time, or cause. It can also signify the material from which something is made, the agent by whom something is done, or the reason for an action. For example, it can mean 'out of the house' or 'from that day'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΠΟ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *eǵʰs, meaning 'out'. It is cognate with Latin ex- and English out.

G0487

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: an-tee-kah-tah-LAX-oy

Translations: exchange, give in exchange, give in return, give in requital, repay, recompense

Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'antikatalasso', meaning to exchange or give in return. It describes the act of substituting one thing for another, often in the context of repayment or requital. The provided example suggests it might be a textual variant or a misspelling of 'antikatalassomenon', which would be a present participle.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Aorist, Optative, Active

Synonyms: ΑΜΕΙΒΩ, ΑΝΤΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΜΙ

G3581

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: KSEH-non

Translations: strange, foreign, a stranger, a foreigner, an alien, unusual

Notes: This word describes something as strange, foreign, or alien. It can refer to things that are from another country or are unfamiliar and unusual. When referring to a person, it means a stranger or a foreigner. It is often used to describe something that is not native or not belonging to a particular place or group.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΟΤΡΙΟΣ, ΠΑΡΟΙΚΟΣ

Etymology: The word comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to a guest or host. It developed in Greek to mean a guest-friend, then a stranger or foreigner.

G0485

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: an-tee-kah-tal-LAS-so-men-on

Translations: exchanged, being exchanged, that which is exchanged, a thing exchanged

Notes: This word is a present passive participle of the verb 'αντικαταλλάσσω' (antikatalasso), meaning 'to exchange' or 'to give in exchange'. As a participle, it describes something that is in the process of being exchanged or has the characteristic of being exchanged. It is a compound word formed from 'αντί' (anti, meaning 'in place of', 'instead of'), 'κατά' (kata, meaning 'down', 'against'), and 'αλλάσσω' (allasso, meaning 'to change', 'to alter'). The combined meaning implies a complete or reciprocal exchange.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Present, Passive Participle

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΑΣΣΩ, ΑΜΕΙΒΩ

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EPH

Translations: on, upon, over, to, at, against, for, in, by, with, of, to, a

Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition ΕΠΙ (epi). It is a versatile preposition that can express a wide range of relationships, including location (on, upon, over), direction (to, toward), time (at, during), cause (for, because of), and opposition (against). Its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs (genitive, dative, or accusative). For example, with the genitive, it can mean 'on' or 'over'; with the dative, 'at' or 'upon'; and with the accusative, 'to' or 'against'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition), but governs nouns in the Genitive, Dative, or Accusative cases.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟϹ, ΕΝ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΕΠΙ (epi) comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is a common prefix and preposition found across many Indo-European languages, indicating proximity, superposition, or addition.

G0025

Part of Speech: Adjective, Participle

Sounds like: ee-gah-pee-MEH-nos

Translations: beloved, dear, loved, a beloved one

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle derived from the verb 'agapaō' (to love). It describes someone who has been loved and continues to be in a state of being loved. It is often used as an adjective to describe someone as 'beloved' or 'dear', or as a substantive (acting like a noun) to refer to 'a beloved one'. It conveys a deep, abiding affection.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Perfect Passive Participle

Synonyms: ΦΙΛΟΣ, ΑΓΑΠΗΤΟΣ

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-POH

Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.

G4396

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pro-FEE-tays

Translations: prophet, a prophet

Notes: A prophet is a person who speaks for God, often delivering divine messages, interpreting God's will, or foretelling future events. They are seen as inspired by God to communicate His word to humanity.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΑΝΤΙΣ, ΘΕΟΠΝΕΥΣΤΟΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek προφήτης (prophḗtēs), from πρό (pró, “before”) + φημί (phēmí, “to speak”). It literally means 'one who speaks forth' or 'one who speaks for'.

G0932

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: bah-see-LEH-ah

Translations: kingdom, reign, royal power, a kingdom

Notes: This word refers to a kingdom, royal rule, or sovereignty. It can denote the territory ruled by a king, the act of reigning, or the abstract concept of kingship or royal authority. It is often used in the New Testament to refer to the 'kingdom of God' or 'kingdom of heaven'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΟΝ, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣΙΣ

Etymology: From the Greek word βασιλεύς (basileus), meaning 'king'. It refers to the domain or authority of a king.

G5548

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EKH-ree-sen

Translations: anointed, smeared, rubbed, consecrated

Notes: This word is the aorist active indicative third person singular form of the verb 'chrio', meaning 'to anoint' or 'to smear'. It describes an action that was completed in the past, often referring to the application of oil or ointment for various purposes, including medicinal, ceremonial, or consecratory acts. It can also imply a symbolic anointing for a special purpose or office.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΛΕΙΦΩ

Etymology: The root verb ΧΡΙΩ (chrio) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to a root meaning 'to rub' or 'to touch'. It is the source of the Greek word 'Christos' (ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ), meaning 'Anointed One'.

G0758

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: AR-khon-tas

Translations: rulers, leaders, princes, chief officials, magistrates

Notes: This word refers to those in positions of authority or power, such as rulers, leaders, or magistrates. It is used to describe individuals who hold a prominent or governing role within a community or system. In the provided context, it appears to refer to people who are in a state or condition, or who are present, rather than specifically 'rulers'. However, the primary meaning of the root word is 'ruler'. Given the context, it seems to be a participle of the verb 'υπάρχω' (to be, to exist, to be present), which would be 'υπάρχοντας'. If it is indeed 'ΑΡΧΟΝΤΑΣ' as a standalone word, it would mean 'rulers'. However, the example usage strongly suggests it's part of 'ΥΠΑΡΧΟΝΤΑΣ', which is a present active participle, accusative plural, meaning 'being' or 'existing'. If the input 'ΑΡΧΟΝΤΑΣ' is a typo for 'ΥΠΑΡΧΟΝΤΑΣ', then it means 'those who are' or 'being'. If it is truly 'ΑΡΧΟΝΤΑΣ', it means 'rulers'. Given the context, it is highly probable that 'ΑΡΧΟΝΤΑΣ' is a misspelling or a fragment of 'ΥΠΑΡΧΟΝΤΑΣ'.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine (if from ΑΡΧΩΝ); or Present Active Participle, Accusative, Plural, Masculine/Feminine/Neuter (if from ΥΠΑΡΧΩ)

Synonyms: ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑΣΤΗΣ

G2919

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EK-ree-nen

Translations: he judged, she judged, it judged, he decided, she decided, it decided, he determined, she determined, it determined, he condemned, she condemned, it condemned

Notes: This word is the third person singular, aorist active indicative form of the verb 'κρίνω' (krino). It describes an action of judging, deciding, or condemning that occurred in the past and was completed. It can refer to a legal judgment, a personal decision, or a separation/distinction.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΔΙΚΑΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΚΡΙΝΩ, ΔΙΑΚΡΙΝΩ

G4864

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: soo-nah-go-GAYN

Translations: synagogue, a synagogue, assembly, an assembly, gathering, a gathering, congregation, a congregation

Notes: This word refers to a gathering or assembly of people, often for religious purposes. It can also denote the place where such a gathering occurs, specifically a synagogue. It is used to describe both the act of assembling and the assembled group or building.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ, ΣΥΝΑΞΙΣ

Etymology: From the Greek verb συνάγω (synagō), meaning 'to bring together' or 'to assemble', which is itself formed from σύν (syn, 'with' or 'together') and ἄγω (agō, 'to lead' or 'to bring').

G1980

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-peh-SKEP-sah-toh

Translations: visited, looked after, cared for, inspected, sought out, paid a visit, took care of

Notes: This word is the aorist middle indicative third person singular form of the verb 'episkeptomai'. It means to visit, look after, care for, inspect, or seek out. It implies a purposeful and often beneficial visit or oversight, indicating active concern or attention towards someone or something. It is a compound word formed from 'epi' (upon, over) and 'skeptomai' (to look, observe).

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle Voice, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΦΡΟΝΤΙΖΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΠΙΣΚΕΠΤΟΜΑΙ (episkeptomai) is a compound verb derived from the preposition ΕΠΙ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'over', and the verb ΣΚΕΠΤΟΜΑΙ (skeptomai), meaning 'to look' or 'to observe'. It conveys the idea of looking upon or over something with a specific purpose, often implying care or inspection.

G4102

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PIS-tee

Translations: faith, belief, trust, faithfulness, a faith, a belief, a trust

Notes: This word refers to faith, belief, or trust. It can also denote faithfulness or trustworthiness. It is commonly used in religious contexts to describe belief in God or Christ, but also in secular contexts to describe trust or loyalty between people. It is a feminine noun.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Vocative

Synonyms: ΕΛΠΙΣ, ΑΛΗΘΕΙΑ, ΕΜΠΙΣΤΟΣ

Etymology: From the root ΠΕΙΘΩ (peitho), meaning 'to persuade' or 'to be persuaded'. It conveys the idea of being convinced or having confidence in something or someone.

G196

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-kree-BAS-thee

Translations: was ascertained, was determined, was examined carefully, was inquired precisely

Notes: This word is the aorist passive indicative form of the verb 'akriboo'. It means to be ascertained, to be determined, or to be examined carefully. It describes an action that was completed in the past, where something was precisely or accurately determined through careful inquiry or examination. It implies a thorough and exact process.

Inflection: 3rd Person Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Passive

Synonyms: ΕΞΕΤΑΖΩ, ΕΞΑΚΡΙΒΟΩ

Etymology: From the adjective ἀκριβής (akribēs), meaning 'exact, precise'. The verb ἀκριβόω (akriboō) means 'to make exact' or 'to ascertain precisely'.

G1097

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eg-NOHS-thay

Translations: was known, was recognized, was learned, became known

Notes: This word is the third person singular, aorist passive indicative form of the verb 'γινώσκω' (ginōskō), meaning 'to know' or 'to recognize'. In this form, it indicates that something was known or recognized by someone or became known. It describes an action completed in the past, where the subject is the recipient of the action of knowing.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Passive, Indicative

Synonyms: ΕΓΝΩΡΙΣΘΗ, ΕΦΑΝΕΡΩΘΗ

Etymology: The verb 'γινώσκω' (ginōskō) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵneh₃-, meaning 'to know'. It is related to Latin 'gnosco' and English 'know'.

G4103

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: PIS-tos

Translations: faithful, trustworthy, believing, true, a faithful one

Notes: This word describes someone or something that is reliable, dependable, and worthy of trust. It can refer to a person who is faithful in their commitments or beliefs, or to God who is true to His promises. When used as a noun, it refers to a 'faithful one' or 'believer'. It is often used to describe someone who has faith or is a follower of a particular belief.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΛΗΘΙΝΟΣ, ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣ, ΕΥΣΕΒΗΣ

Etymology: From the verb 'πείθω' (peithō), meaning 'to persuade' or 'to trust'. It relates to the concept of being persuaded or having trust, thus leading to the meaning of being trustworthy or faithful.

G2945

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: KOO-kloh-then

Translations: around, round about, on every side, all around

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'around' or 'on every side'. It is used to describe something that encompasses or surrounds a central point or object, indicating a circular or encompassing direction or position. It can be used to describe people gathering around something, or a geographical area surrounding a place.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΥΚΛΩ, ΠΕΡΙΞ

Etymology: From the Greek word 'κύκλος' (kyklos), meaning 'circle' or 'ring', combined with the suffix '-θεν' (-then), which indicates origin or direction from a place.

G4376

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pros-fo-RAH

Translations: offering, an offering, sacrifice, a sacrifice, gift, a gift

Notes: This word refers to an offering or sacrifice, typically something brought or presented to God or a deity as an act of worship or devotion. It can also refer more generally to a gift or presentation. It is often used in a religious context, particularly in the Septuagint and New Testament, to describe various types of offerings, including burnt offerings, grain offerings, or other sacrificial gifts.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΘΥΣΙΑ, ΔΩΡΟΝ, ΔΩΡΗΜΑ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek προσφέρω (prospherō, “to bring to, offer”), from πρός (pros, “to, toward”) + φέρω (pherō, “to bear, carry”).

G0721

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: AR-nos

Translations: of a lamb, of a sheep, a lamb, a sheep

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of 'ἀρήν' (arēn), meaning 'lamb' or 'sheep'. It is used to indicate possession or origin, often translated as 'of a lamb' or 'belonging to a lamb'. In a broader sense, it can refer to the offspring of a sheep.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine

Etymology: The word 'ἀρήν' (arēn), from which 'ΑΡΝΟΣ' is derived, comes from an ancient root meaning 'lamb' or 'sheep'. It is related to similar terms in other Indo-European languages.

G1052

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: gah-lah-thay-NOO

Translations: (of) suckling, (of) milk-fed

Notes: This word describes something that is suckling or fed on milk, often referring to young animals. It is typically used to indicate the age or diet of an animal, implying it is still very young and dependent on its mother's milk. For example, it might be used to describe a lamb or a calf that is still nursing.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΝΕΑΡΟΣ, ΑΡΝΙΟΝ

Etymology: Derived from the Koine Greek word γάλα (gala), meaning 'milk', with the adjectival suffix -ηνός, indicating relation or material.

G0575

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: AP

Translations: from, away from, off, out of, by, with

Notes: This is a common Greek preposition that indicates separation, origin, or cause. It means 'from' or 'away from' and is often used to show the source of something, the point from which an action begins, or the agent by which something is done. When used as a prefix (ΑΠ- or ΑΠΟ-), it intensifies the idea of separation or completion, often meaning 'off, away, back, completely'. For example, in 'ἀποστέλλω' (apostellō), it means 'to send away'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: The word ἀπό (apo) comes from Proto-Indo-European *apo-, meaning 'off, away'. It is a very ancient and common preposition found across many Indo-European languages.

G2279

Part of Speech: Noun, Verb

Sounds like: AY-khoh

Translations: echo, a sound, a noise, a report, to sound, to resound

Notes: This word can function as both a noun and a verb. As a noun, it refers to a sound, noise, or report, often implying a reverberating or repeated sound, like an echo. As a verb, it means to sound, resound, or make a noise. It is used to describe the emanation of sound.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine (Noun); Present, Active, Indicative, First Person Singular (Verb)

Synonyms: ΦΩΝΗ, ΗΧΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΗΧΩ (ēchō) is derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *swagʰ- meaning 'to sound, to make a noise'. It is the direct ancestor of the English word 'echo'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G1634

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eks-ET-rip-sen

Translations: he wiped out, he destroyed, he rubbed out, he blotted out, he abolished, he crushed

Notes: This word describes the action of completely removing, destroying, or obliterating something. It implies a forceful and thorough eradication, often used in contexts of wiping out enemies, destroying records, or abolishing practices. It can be understood as 'to rub out' or 'to wipe clean' in a figurative sense, leading to complete destruction or removal.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ΑΦΑΝΙΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΡΓΕΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the prefix ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb τρίβω (tribō), meaning 'to rub' or 'to wear away'. Thus, it literally means 'to rub out' or 'to rub away completely'.

G2233

Part of Speech: Participle, Noun

Sounds like: hay-goo-MEH-noos

Translations: leaders, rulers, chiefs, governors, commanders, guides, a leader, a ruler

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'hegeomai', meaning 'to lead' or 'to guide'. It refers to those who are in a position of leadership, authority, or guidance. It can be translated as 'leaders', 'rulers', or 'chiefs', depending on the context. It is often used to describe those who have authority over a group of people, such as elders in a church or commanders in an army.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΟΝΤΑΣ, ΠΡΟΕΣΤΩΤΑΣ, ΚΥΡΙΟΥΣ

Etymology: The word 'hegeomai' comes from the Greek root 'heg-', meaning 'to lead'. It is related to words like 'hodos' (way, path) and implies guiding along a path.

G5188

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: too-ROHN

Translations: recruit, raw recruit, novice, a novice

Notes: This word refers to a raw recruit, a beginner, or a novice. It describes someone who is new to a particular activity, profession, or group, and therefore lacks experience or skill. It can be used in various contexts to denote a lack of prior training or familiarity.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΝΕΟΦΥΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word is derived from the Latin 'tiro', meaning a young soldier, recruit, or novice. It entered Koine Greek as a loanword.

G4253

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PRO

Translations: before, in front of, for, on behalf of, in the presence of, prior to, instead of

Notes: This word is a preposition that typically takes the genitive case. It can indicate a spatial relationship, meaning 'before' or 'in front of' something or someone. It can also denote a temporal relationship, meaning 'before' in time, or a causal relationship, meaning 'for' or 'on behalf of' someone or something. In some contexts, it can also mean 'instead of' or 'in the presence of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΜΠΡΟΣΘΕΝ, ΑΝΤΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'before, in front of'. It is cognate with English 'for' and Latin 'pro'.

G2540

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kahee-ROO

Translations: of time, of a season, of the right time, of an opportune time, of a period

Notes: This word refers to a specific, opportune, or appointed time, a season, or a period. It emphasizes the quality or nature of a moment rather than its chronological duration. It is often used to denote a critical or decisive moment, or a suitable occasion for something to happen. As a genitive form, it typically indicates possession or relationship, often translated with 'of'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΧΡΟΝΟΥ, ΩΡΑΣ

G2838

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: koy-MEE-seh-ohs

Translations: of sleep, of falling asleep, of death, of rest, of a sleeping, of a resting

Notes: This word refers to the act of falling asleep, sleep itself, or a state of rest. In a figurative sense, it is often used as a euphemism for death, particularly in the context of someone 'falling asleep' in the Lord. It describes a state of repose or cessation of activity.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΥΠΝΟΣ, ΘΑΝΑΤΟΣ, ΑΝΑΠΑΥΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word κοίμησις (koimēsis) comes from the verb κοιμάω (koimaō), meaning 'to put to sleep' or 'to fall asleep'. It is related to the concept of lying down or resting.

G2983

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-LAY-fah

Translations: I have taken, I have received, I have seized, I have obtained

Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), which means 'to take', 'to receive', or 'to seize'. 'ΕΙΛΗΦΑ' specifically indicates an action that was completed in the past and whose results continue into the present. It describes a state of having taken or received something, emphasizing the accomplished fact.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Perfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΚΟΜΙΖΩ, ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΙΡΕΩ

Etymology: The root verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to grasp, seize'.

G2983

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-LAY-fen

Translations: he has taken, he has received, he has gotten, he has obtained

Notes: This word is the perfect active indicative, third person singular form of the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. It describes an action that was completed in the past and whose results continue into the present. It can be used in sentences to indicate that someone has acquired or accepted something.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Indicative, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ, ΚΤΩΜΑΙ

G1458

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: en-ek-A-le-sen

Translations: he accused, he called to account, he brought a charge against, he complained

Notes: This word describes the action of bringing a charge or accusation against someone, or calling them to account for something. It implies a formal or legal context, often involving a complaint or a challenge to someone's actions. It can be used in sentences where one person is making a formal complaint or accusation against another.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΗΓΟΡΕΩ, ΕΓΚΑΛΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΓΚΑΛΕΩ (enkaleo) is a compound word formed from the preposition ΕΝ (en), meaning 'in' or 'on', and the verb ΚΑΛΕΩ (kaleo), meaning 'to call'. Thus, it literally means 'to call in' or 'to call upon', evolving to mean 'to call to account' or 'to accuse'.

G0444

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: AN-thro-pos

Translations: human, man, person, a human, a man, a person

Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation (nomina sacra) for ἌΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ, meaning 'human being' or 'man'. It refers to a person in general, without distinction of gender, or specifically to a male human. It can be used to refer to mankind collectively or to an individual. It is often used in contrast to God or animals.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΒΡΟΤΟΣ, ΑΝΗΡ

Etymology: The etymology of ἄνθρωπος is uncertain, but it is thought to be a compound word. One theory suggests it comes from ἀνήρ (man) and ὤψ (face), meaning 'man-faced'. Another theory connects it to ἀνατρέπω (to turn up, to look up), suggesting 'one who looks upward'.

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G5263

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-peh-DIX-en

Translations: showed, pointed out, indicated, made known, revealed

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'hypodeiknymi'. It means 'he/she/it showed' or 'he/she/it pointed out'. It is used to describe an action of revealing or making something known, often by pointing or demonstrating. It can also imply giving instruction or warning by example.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΔΕΙΚΝΥΜΙ, ΦΑΝΕΡΟΩ, ΔΗΛΟΩ

Etymology: The verb ΥΠΟΔΕΙΚΝΥΜΙ (hypodeiknymi) is a compound word formed from the preposition ΥΠΟ (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'below', and the verb ΔΕΙΚΝΥΜΙ (deiknymi), meaning 'to show' or 'to point out'. The compound form intensifies or specifies the action of showing, often implying showing from beneath or showing by example.

G5312

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: an-y-PSEE-sen

Translations: he lifted up, he exalted, he raised up, he elevated

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to lift up', 'to exalt', or 'to raise up'. It is used to describe the act of elevating someone or something to a higher position, status, or level. It can refer to physical elevation or metaphorical exaltation, such as raising someone to a position of honor or power. The prefix 'ἀνα-' (ana-) intensifies the action of 'lifting up'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΥΨΟΩ, ΕΠΑΙΡΩ, ΑΙΡΩ

G0458