2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PAS

Translations: all, every, whole, any, a whole

Notes: This word means 'all', 'every', or 'whole'. It is used to indicate totality or completeness. It can refer to every single item in a group, or the entirety of something. For example, 'all people' or 'the whole house'. It often takes on the meaning of 'every' when used with a singular noun, and 'all' when used with a plural noun. It can also mean 'any' in certain contexts.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words meaning 'all' or 'every' in various Indo-European languages.

G5384

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: FEE-loss

Translations: dear, beloved, friendly, a friend, a lover

Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'dear,' 'beloved,' or 'friendly,' or as a noun meaning 'friend' or 'lover.' As an adjective, it describes someone or something that is cherished or held in affection. As a noun, it refers to a person with whom one has a bond of mutual affection. It is often used to describe close relationships.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΤΑΙΡΟΣ, ΣΥΝΕΡΓΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'philos' comes from an ancient root meaning 'to love' or 'to be fond of.' It is related to other words in Greek that express affection and friendship.

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

G0243

Part of Speech: Prefix

Sounds like: ALL

Translations: other, another, different, foreign

Notes: This is a prefix form of the word 'ἄλλος' (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to form compound words that convey the idea of something being different, foreign, or belonging to another group. For example, 'ἀλλογενῶν' means 'of other races', 'ἀλλότριοι' means 'strangers' or 'foreigners', and 'ἀλλόφυλους' means 'foreigners' or 'of another tribe'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix)

Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.

G3440

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: MO-non

Translations: only, alone, merely, a single, a solitary

Notes: This word can function as an adverb meaning 'only' or 'merely', indicating exclusivity or limitation. It can also be the neuter singular form of the adjective 'ΜΟΝΟΣ', meaning 'alone' or 'solitary', describing something as being by itself or unique. In its adverbial use, it often modifies verbs or clauses to emphasize that something is done exclusively or that a condition applies solely to one thing.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (as adjective); Does not inflect (as adverb)

Synonyms: ΜΟΝΩΣ, ΜΟΝΟΓΕΝΗΣ

G3780

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: OOKH-ee

Translations: no, not at all, by no means, certainly not

Notes: This word is a strong negative adverb, meaning 'no' or 'not at all'. It is used to express a definite and emphatic denial, often in response to a question or to strongly contradict a statement. It is a more emphatic form of the negative particle οὐ (ou).

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΜΗ

Etymology: From οὐ (ou), meaning 'not', and the enclitic particle -χι (-chi), which adds emphasis. It is a more emphatic form of the simple negative particle.

G3077

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: LOO-pay

Translations: sorrow, grief, pain, sadness, a sorrow, a grief, a pain, a sadness

Notes: This word refers to a state of emotional distress, sadness, or grief. It can also denote physical pain or affliction. It is commonly used to describe deep emotional suffering or sorrow caused by loss, disappointment, or adverse circumstances.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΕΝΘΟΣ, ΟΔΥΝΗ, ΣΤΕΝΑΓΜΟΣ

Etymology: From the root λύπη (lupē), meaning 'pain, grief'. It is related to the verb λύω (luō), 'to loosen, release', possibly implying a loosening or breaking of the spirit.

G2193

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: EH-ohs

Translations: until, while, as long as, up to, even to, as far as

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a point in time or extent in space. It is commonly translated as 'until' or 'as long as' when referring to time, and 'up to' or 'as far as' when referring to space. It can also mean 'while' or 'during the time that', often introducing a temporal clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΕΧΡΙ, ΑΧΡΙ, ΠΡΙΝ

Etymology: From a prolonged form of a primary particle. It is an ancient Greek word with a long history of use in temporal and spatial contexts.

G2083

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: eh-TAI-ross

Translations: companion, a companion, friend, a friend, comrade, an associate

Notes: This word refers to a companion, friend, or associate. It is used to describe someone who is closely connected to another person, often in a professional or social capacity, or as a fellow traveler or participant in an activity. It can imply a close bond or simply a shared association.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΦΙΛΟΣ, ΣΥΝΕΡΓΟΣ, ΣΥΝΟΔΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *swe-tā-ro- (meaning 'one's own, belonging to oneself'), from *swe- (meaning 'self'). It refers to someone belonging to one's own group or company.

G2532

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G1519

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G2189

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: EKH-thran

Translations: enmity, hatred, hostility, a hatred

Notes: This word refers to a state of deep-seated hostility, animosity, or hatred. It describes a condition of being an enemy or having an adversarial relationship with someone or something. It is often used to describe a strong, active dislike or opposition.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΜΙΣΟΣ, ἈΝΤΙΘΕΣΙΣ

Etymology: This word comes from the Greek word ἔχθρος (echthros), meaning 'hated' or 'hostile', which itself is derived from a root meaning 'to hate'.

G4190

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: po-nee-RON

Translations: evil, wicked, bad, harmful, a wicked thing, an evil thing

Notes: This word describes something as evil, wicked, or bad. It can be used as an adjective to modify a noun, or it can function as a noun itself, referring to an evil or wicked thing. It often implies something that is morally corrupt, harmful, or causing distress.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΣ, ΦΑΥΛΟΣ, ΑΝΟΜΟΣ

Etymology: The word comes from the Greek word πόνος (ponos), meaning 'toil, labor, distress, pain', suggesting something that causes pain or is the result of painful effort, thus leading to the meaning of 'evil' or 'wicked'.

G1771

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: en-THOO-mee-mah

Translations: thought, a thought, reflection, a reflection, consideration, a consideration, device, a device, purpose, a purpose

Notes: This word refers to an inward thought, reflection, or consideration. It can also denote a device, purpose, or design that originates in the mind. It is used to describe mental processes or the results of such processes.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative (ἘΝΘΥΜΗΜΑ), Genitive (ἘΝΘΥΜΗΜΑΤΟΣ)

Synonyms: ΕΝΝΟΙΑ, ΛΟΓΙΣΜΟΣ, ΔΙΑΝΟΙΑ

Etymology: From the verb ἐνθυμέομαι (enthymeomai), meaning 'to consider, ponder', which is derived from ἐν (en, 'in') and θυμός (thymos, 'soul, spirit, mind'). It literally means 'that which is in the mind or soul'.

G1478

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: en-eh-ky-LEES-thees

Translations: you were rolled, you were rolled in, you were rolled upon

Notes: This is a verb in the aorist passive indicative, meaning 'you were rolled' or 'you were rolled upon'. It describes an action that happened in the past, where the subject (you) was the recipient of the rolling action. It implies being moved by rolling, or being involved in something by rolling into it.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 2nd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΚΥΛΙΩ, ΚΥΛΙΝΔΩ

Etymology: The word ἐγκυλίνδω (enkylindō) is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἐν (en), meaning 'in' or 'on', and κυλίνδω (kylindō), meaning 'to roll'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G1722

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G5384

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: fee-LOO

Translations: of a friend, of a beloved one, of a dear one, a friend, a beloved one, a dear one

Notes: This word refers to someone who is loved, dear, or a friend. It is used to describe a close companion or someone held in high regard. It can be used in a possessive sense (of a friend) or to refer to multiple friends (friends).

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΤΑΙΡΟΣ, ΣΥΝΕΡΓΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb ΦΙΛΕΩ (phileō), meaning 'to love' or 'to be fond of'. It is related to the concept of affection and fondness.

G2167

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: yoo-fro-SOO-nay

Translations: joy, gladness, mirth, a joy, a gladness, a mirth

Notes: This word refers to a state of joy, gladness, or mirth. It describes a feeling of happiness and delight, often associated with celebration or good news. It can be used to describe the general atmosphere of joy or a specific instance of it.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΧΑΡΑ, ΑΓΑΛΛΙΑΣΙΣ

Etymology: This word comes from the Greek verb εὐφραίνω (euphrainō), meaning 'to gladden' or 'to make merry'. It is related to the concept of 'well-being' or 'good cheer'.

G2237

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: HEH-deh-teh

Translations: is pleased, delights, takes pleasure

Notes: This word describes the state of being pleased or taking delight in something. It is often used to express enjoyment or satisfaction, indicating that someone finds something agreeable or pleasurable. It is a deponent verb, meaning it has a passive form but an active meaning.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΕΥΦΡΑΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΧΑΙΡΩ

Etymology: The word ἥδομαι (hēdomai) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *sweh₂d- meaning 'sweet, pleasant'. It is related to words like English 'sweet' and Latin 'suavis'.

G2540

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kahee-ROH

Translations: to time, to season, to opportunity, to a proper time, to a fixed time, to a due season, to a critical time

Notes: This word refers to a specific, opportune, or appointed time, often implying a critical or decisive moment. It is distinct from 'chronos' (χρόνος), which refers to chronological or sequential time. 'Kairos' emphasizes the qualitative aspect of time, focusing on the right or fitting moment for something to happen. It is used in contexts where a particular event or action is expected or appropriate.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΩΡΑ, ΧΡΟΝΟΣ

G2347

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: THLIP-seh-ohss

Translations: (of) tribulation, (of) affliction, (of) distress, (of) trouble, (of) pressure, a tribulation, an affliction, a distress, a trouble, a pressure

Notes: This word refers to a state of pressure, distress, or suffering. It denotes a crushing or pressing together, which can be literal or figurative, leading to hardship or trouble. It is often used in the context of difficulties, persecutions, or severe trials faced by individuals or communities.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΤΕΝΟΧΩΡΙΑ, ΠΙΕΣΙΣ, ΔΟΚΙΜΗ

G0001

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: Ah-peh-NAN-tee

Translations: opposite, in front of, before, against

Notes: This word is an adverb used to indicate a position directly facing or opposite to something or someone. It can also mean 'in the presence of' or 'before' a person or thing. It is often used with the genitive case to specify what it is opposite to.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἘΝΑΝΤΙΟΝ, ΚΑΤΕΝΑΝΤΙ, ΠΡΟΣΩΠΟΝ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀπ- (ap-, 'from') and ἔναντι (enanti, 'opposite'). It literally means 'from opposite' or 'from in front of'.

G4857

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-po-NEH-ee

Translations: to toil with, to work together with, to share in labor

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΣΥΝ (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΠΟΝΕΩ (poneo), meaning 'to toil' or 'to labor'. Therefore, ΣΥΝΠΟΝΕΩ means 'to toil together with' or 'to work alongside someone'. It describes the act of sharing in a difficult or laborious task with another person or group.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΕΡΓΕΩ, ΣΥΝΔΟΥΛΕΥΩ

Etymology: The word ΣΥΝΠΟΝΕΩ is a compound of the preposition ΣΥΝ (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΠΟΝΕΩ (poneo), meaning 'to toil' or 'to labor'.

G5485

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHA-rin

Translations: grace, favor, kindness, thanks, a grace, a favor, a kindness, a thanks

Notes: This word refers to grace, favor, or kindness, often implying a divine or unmerited gift. It can also mean thanks or gratitude. In its accusative form, as seen in ΧΑΡΙΝ, it often functions as the direct object of a verb, such as 'to find favor' or 'to give thanks'. It can also be used in adverbial phrases meaning 'for the sake of' or 'on account of'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΥΝΟΙΑ, ΔΩΡΟΝ, ΕΥΧΑΡΙΣΤΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΧΑΡΙΣ (charis) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰer- meaning 'to desire, to like'. It is related to words signifying joy, delight, and goodwill.

G1727

Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: eh-NAN-tee

Translations: opposite, in front of, before, against, contrary to

Notes: This word functions as an adverb meaning 'opposite' or 'in front', or as a preposition meaning 'before', 'against', or 'contrary to'. It is often used with the genitive case to indicate opposition or presence before something. It can also be part of a phrase like 'ἐξ ἐναντίας' meaning 'from the opposite side' or 'opposite'.

Inflection: Adverbial form, often used with the genitive case. It is derived from the adjective 'ἐναντίος' (enantios).

Synonyms: ΑΝΤΙ, ΚΑΤΕΝΑΝΤΙ, ΠΡΟΣΩΠΟΝ

Etymology: The word 'ἐναντίος' (enantios) is derived from 'ἐν' (en), meaning 'in', and 'ἀντίος' (antios), meaning 'set against' or 'opposite'. It describes something that is in opposition or directly facing something else.

G3361

Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G1950

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-pee-la-THEE

Translations: forget, neglect, overlook

Notes: This word means to forget, neglect, or overlook something or someone. It is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'in addition to', and the verb λανθάνομαι (lanthanomai), meaning 'to escape notice' or 'to be forgotten'. It is often used in the imperative to exhort someone not to forget or neglect a duty, a person, or a past event.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Imperative, Second Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΜΕΛΕΩ, ΠΑΡΟΡΑΩ

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G5590

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: Ps-oo-KHEE

Translations: soul, life, mind, heart, a soul, a life

Notes: This word refers to the soul, the animating principle of a human or animal, often considered the seat of emotions, desires, and affections. It can also denote life itself, the individual person, or the mind/inner self. It is used in various contexts to refer to the breath of life, the spiritual part of a human being, or simply one's existence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΝΕΥΜΑ, ΖΩΗ, ΚΑΡΔΙΑ

Etymology: From the verb ψύχω (psychō), meaning 'to breathe' or 'to blow', referring to the breath as the principle of life. It is related to the concept of breath as the essence of life.

G0278

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: am-nay-mo-NAY-ses

Translations: you forget, you might forget, you should forget

Notes: This word means 'to forget' or 'to be unmindful of'. It is used to express the act of losing memory or neglecting something. In the provided example, it is used in a prohibitive sense, advising against forgetting a friend or being unmindful of them in financial matters.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Subjunctive, Second Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΛΑΝΘΑΝΟΜΑΙ, ΛΗΘΩ

Etymology: The word ἀμνημονέω (amnemoneō) is derived from the Greek prefix ἀ- (a-), meaning 'not' or 'without', and μνημονεύω (mnēmoneuō), meaning 'to remember' or 'to call to mind'. Thus, it literally means 'not to remember'.

G4823

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: soom-BOO-los

Translations: counselor, a counselor, adviser, a adviser

Notes: This word refers to someone who gives advice or counsel, an adviser or counselor. It is a compound word formed from 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and 'βουλή' (boulē), meaning 'counsel' or 'plan'. It is typically used to describe a person who provides guidance or strategic advice, often to a leader or in a decision-making context.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΕΤΟΣ, ΠΑΡΑΙΝΕΤΗΣ, ΓΝΩΜΩΝ

Etymology: From the verb συμβουλεύω (symbouleuō, 'to advise'), which is formed from σύν (syn, 'with, together') and βουλή (boulē, 'counsel, plan').

G1012

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: BOO-layn

Translations: counsel, a counsel, plan, a plan, purpose, a purpose, will, a will

Notes: This word refers to a counsel, plan, or purpose, often implying a deliberate decision or intention. It can be used to describe human plans or, frequently in the New Testament, the divine will or purpose of God. It is used in sentences to indicate the object of an action, such as 'to know the counsel' or 'to understand the plan'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΓΝΩΜΗ, ΣΥΜΒΟΥΛΙΑ, ΠΡΟΘΕΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΒΟΥΛΗ (boulē) comes from the verb βούλομαι (boulomai), meaning 'to will, to wish, to intend'. It refers to the act or result of willing or planning.

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TON

Translations: him, it, them, himself, itself, the same

Notes: This word is an inflection of the pronoun 'ΑΥΤΟΣ'. It can function as a personal pronoun meaning 'him' or 'it' (singular), or 'them' (plural). It can also be used as an intensive pronoun, meaning 'himself' or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. Additionally, when used with an article, it can function as an adjective meaning 'the same'. Its meaning depends on the context and whether it's used alone or with an article.

Inflection: Accusative, Masculine or Neuter, Singular; or Accusative, Masculine, Plural

G5590

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PSY-khen

Translations: soul, a soul, life, a life, mind, a mind, self, a self

Notes: This word refers to the soul, the principle of life, or the inner self. It can denote a person's life, their mind, or their spiritual essence. It is often used to describe the seat of emotions, desires, and affections, and can also refer to the individual person themselves.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΖΩΗ, ΠΝΕΥΜΑ

Etymology: From a root meaning 'to breathe', referring to the breath as the principle of life. It is related to the verb ψύχω (psycho), meaning 'to breathe, to blow'.

G1097

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: GNO-thee

Translations: know, understand, perceive, recognize

Notes: This word is an imperative verb, meaning 'know!' or 'understand!'. It is used to command or urge someone to gain knowledge, become aware of something, or recognize a fact or person. It can also imply coming to a full understanding or experiencing something firsthand.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Imperative, 2nd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΣΥΝΙΗΜΙ

Etymology: The word comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to know'. It is related to the English word 'know' and Latin 'gnoscere'.

G4387

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: PRO-teh-ron

Translations: before, formerly, first, earlier, a former thing, a prior thing

Notes: This word functions primarily as an adverb meaning 'before' or 'formerly' in time, indicating something that happened earlier or previously. It can also be the neuter singular form of the comparative adjective 'πρότερος', meaning 'prior' or 'former', often used substantively to refer to 'the former thing' or 'that which was before'. It is used to contrast with something that comes later.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (often used adverbially)

Synonyms: ΠΡΙΝ, ΠΑΛΑΙ, ΕΜΠΡΟΣΘΕΝ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ is a comparative form derived from the preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of'.

G5101

Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective

Sounds like: TEES

Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing

Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.

Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.

G5532

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHREH-yah

Translations: need, a need, necessity, a necessity, use, a use, service, a service, business, a business, lack, a lack

Notes: This word is a feminine noun that refers to a need, necessity, or a useful purpose. It can also denote a service or a business matter. It is often used to describe something that is required or beneficial, or a situation where something is lacking.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΓΚΗ, ΔΕΗΣΙΣ, ΕΡΓΟΝ

Etymology: The word ΧΡΕΙΑ derives from the Greek verb χράομαι (chraomai), meaning 'to use, to need'. It is related to the concept of utility and what is necessary or useful.

G1063

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOS

Translations: he, she, it, they, him, her, it, them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, same, very

Notes: ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is a versatile word in Koine Greek. As a third-person pronoun, it translates to 'he, she, it' or 'they' in the nominative case, and 'him, her, it' or 'them' in other cases. When used intensively, often in the nominative or immediately following the noun, it means 'himself, herself, itself, themselves' or 'even, very'. When used as an adjective with the definite article (e.g., 'ὁ αὐτὸς'), it means 'the same'. Its meaning depends on its grammatical function and position in the sentence.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΣ, ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a pronominal stem *au- or *aw-.

G1438

Part of Speech: Reflexive Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-ah-TOH

Translations: (to) himself, (for) himself, (to) herself, (for) herself, (to) itself, (for) itself, (to) themselves, (for) themselves

Notes: This word is a reflexive pronoun, meaning it refers back to the subject of the clause. It indicates that the action of the verb is directed back to the subject itself. It can be used for singular or plural subjects, and its specific meaning (himself, herself, itself, themselves) depends on the gender and number of the subject it refers to. In this dative form, it often conveys the sense of 'to' or 'for' the subject.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

G4218

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: PO-teh

Translations: at some time, ever, once, formerly, when, at any time, sometime

Notes: This word is an adverb that indicates a point in time, often indefinite. It can mean 'at some time' or 'ever,' referring to an unspecified past or future moment. It can also mean 'once' or 'formerly' when referring to a past event. In interrogative contexts, it means 'when?'. It is used to ask about or state the timing of an action or event.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΟΤΕΡΟΝ, ΠΟΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From the interrogative stem *po- (related to 'who,' 'what') combined with the temporal suffix -te. It refers to an indefinite point in time.

G0906

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: BAH-lee

Translations: may throw, may cast, may put, may lay, may place

Notes: This word is a verb form derived from the root 'βάλλω' (ballō), meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast'. It is used to express an action that might happen or is desired to happen, often in a dependent clause. It can refer to physically throwing an object, casting something down, or metaphorically putting or placing something in a certain state or location.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist, Active, Subjunctive

Synonyms: ΡΙΠΤΩ, ΕΚΒΑΛΛΩ, ΕΜΒΑΛΛΩ

Etymology: The word 'βάλλω' (ballō) comes from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelh₁-, meaning 'to throw' or 'to reach'. It is a very ancient and fundamental verb in Greek, with cognates in many other Indo-European languages.

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to

Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.

G4771

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: SOY

Translations: (to) you, (for) you, you

Notes: This is the second-person singular dative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'to you' or 'for you'. It can also simply translate as 'you' when the context implies a dative relationship, such as indirect object or a recipient of an action. It is used to indicate the person to whom something is given, said, or done, or for whom an action is performed. For example, 'I give to you' or 'I do this for you'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Second Person

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a very ancient pronoun, found across many Indo-European languages.

G3588, G3739, G2228

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G2476

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: STAY-seh-tai

Translations: will stand, will be set, will be established, will be appointed, will be placed, will be made to stand

Notes: This word is the third person singular future passive or middle indicative form of the verb ἵστημι (histēmi). It describes an action that will happen in the future, indicating that someone or something will stand, be set, be established, or be appointed. It can be used in contexts where a person will take a stand, or an object will be placed in a certain position, or a rule will be established.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Future, Passive or Middle, Indicative

Synonyms: ΕΓΕΡΘΗΣΕΤΑΙ, ΟΡΘΩΘΗΣΕΤΑΙ

Etymology: The verb ἵστημι (histēmi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to stand'. It is related to words in many other Indo-European languages that also convey the idea of standing or placing.

G1727

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: eh-nan-TEE-as

Translations: (of) opposite, (of) contrary, (of) hostile, (of) adverse

Notes: This word is the genitive singular feminine form of the adjective 'ΕΝΑΝΤΙΟΣ', meaning 'opposite' or 'contrary'. It is often used in the adverbial phrase 'ἐξ ἐναντίας' (ex enantias), which means 'from the opposite side', 'opposite', 'in opposition', or 'face to face'. It describes something that is in opposition or contrary to something else.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΝΤΙΚΕΙΜΕΝΟΣ, ΕΧΘΡΟΣ

G3708

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-DEIN

Translations: to see, to perceive, to behold, to look, to know, to understand

Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'ὁράω' (horao), meaning 'to see'. It is used to express the action of seeing or perceiving in a general sense, often without a specific time frame. It can also imply understanding or knowing something through observation. For example, it might be used in a sentence like 'He desired to see the truth' or 'It is good to see the light'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ, ΕΠΙΒΛΕΠΩ

Etymology: The verb 'ὁράω' (horao) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to see'. The aorist stem 'ἰδ-' (id-) is derived from a different, but related, Proto-Indo-European root, which also means 'to see' or 'to know'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G4845

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: soom-bee-SOH-meh-non

Translations: that which will happen, what will occur, the future event, a future event

Notes: This word is a future participle, neuter singular, of the verb 'συμβαίνω' (symbainō), meaning 'to happen' or 'to occur'. It refers to something that is going to happen or occur, often translated as 'that which will happen' or 'the future event'. It functions like a noun, referring to an event or outcome that is yet to come.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Future, Participle

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΗΣΟΜΕΝΟΝ, ΕΣΟΜΕΝΟΝ

Etymology: The word 'συμβαίνω' (symbainō) is a compound word formed from 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and 'βαίνω' (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to step'. Thus, it literally means 'to go together' or 'to come together', which evolved to mean 'to happen' or 'to occur'.

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G5292

Part of Speech: Participle, Noun

Sounds like: hoo-poh-BLEH-poh-meh-noo

Translations: of one who looks suspiciously, of one who looks askance, of one who envies, of one who looks with jealousy, of one who looks with a grudge

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle of the verb 'υποβλέπω' (hypoblepō), meaning 'to look at from under' or 'to look askance at'. It describes someone who looks at another with suspicion, envy, or a hidden grudge. In this form, it functions as a noun, referring to 'the one who looks suspiciously' or 'the one who envies'. It implies a hidden or underlying negative emotion in their gaze.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Present, Middle or Passive

Synonyms: ΦΘΟΝΟΥΝΤΟΣ, ΒΑΣΚΑΙΝΟΝΤΟΣ

G2206

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: zay-loo-NOHN-tohn

Translations: of those who are zealous, of those who are envious, of those who are jealous, of those who desire eagerly

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ζηλόω' (zēloō), meaning 'to be zealous, to be envious, to be jealous, or to desire eagerly'. As a genitive plural, it refers to 'of those who are zealous' or 'of those who are envious/jealous'. It describes a group of people characterized by intense emotion, whether positive (zeal) or negative (envy/jealousy). It is used to indicate possession or relationship, often following a preposition like 'ἀπό' (from) as seen in the example usage.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΦΘΟΝΟΥΝΤΩΝ, ΒΑΣΚΑΙΝΟΝΤΩΝ

Etymology: The word 'ζηλόω' (zēloō) comes from 'ζῆλος' (zēlos), meaning 'zeal, rivalry, jealousy'. This noun is related to the idea of 'boiling' or 'fermenting', indicating intense emotion.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G0489

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: an-tee-ZAY-loo

Translations: of a rival, of a jealous person, of an opponent

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'rivalrous' or 'jealous'. It describes someone who is in opposition or competition with another, often with a sense of jealousy or rivalry. It is a compound word formed from 'ἀντί' (anti), meaning 'against' or 'in opposition to', and 'ζῆλος' (zelos), meaning 'zeal' or 'jealousy'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΝΤΙΚΕΙΜΕΝΟΣ, ΕΧΘΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙΔΙΚΟΣ

Etymology: The word is derived from the prefix ἀντί (anti), meaning 'against' or 'opposite', and the noun ζῆλος (zelos), meaning 'zeal', 'emulation', or 'jealousy'. It describes someone who is zealous against another.

G4012

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

G1713

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: em-POH-roo

Translations: of a merchant, of a trader, a merchant, a trader, merchants, traders

Notes: This word refers to a merchant or a trader, someone who engages in commerce, buying and selling goods. It can be used to describe an individual merchant or a group of merchants. In the provided examples, it appears in the genitive singular (of a merchant) and accusative plural (merchants) forms, indicating possession or the direct object of an action, respectively.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Genitive or Masculine, Plural, Accusative

Synonyms: ΕΜΠΟΡΕΥΤΗΣ, ΕΜΠΟΡΙΑ

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: meh-tah-boh-LEE-ahs

Translations: exchange, trade, commerce, a change, a transformation

Notes: This word refers to the act of exchange, trade, or commerce, particularly in a business context. It can also denote a change or transformation. It is used to describe transactions or alterations in state or form.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΜΠΟΡΙΑ, ΑΛΛΑΓΗ

Etymology: The word ΜΕΤΑΒΟΛΗ comes from the verb μεταβάλλω (metaballō), meaning 'to change' or 'to turn about'. It is formed from μετά (meta), meaning 'with' or 'after', and βάλλω (ballō), meaning 'to throw'.

G0059

Part of Speech: Participle, Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: ah-go-RAH-zon-tos

Translations: of buying, of one buying, of a buyer, of him who buys

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'agorazo', meaning 'to buy' or 'to purchase'. As a participle, it describes an action that is ongoing or habitual. In this genitive form, it indicates possession or relationship, often translated as 'of one who is buying' or 'of a buyer'. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or substantively, acting as a noun itself.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Present, Active

Etymology: The word ἀγοράζω (agorazō) is derived from ἀγορά (agora), meaning 'marketplace' or 'assembly'. The verb literally means 'to do business in the agora' or 'to frequent the marketplace', and thus came to mean 'to buy' or 'to purchase'.

G4230

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PRAH-seh-ohs

Translations: of sale, of selling, of a sale, of a selling, of a transaction

Notes: This word refers to the act of selling or a transaction involving a sale. It is used to describe the process or event of exchanging goods or services for money. For example, one might speak of 'the terms of sale' or 'the day of the sale'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΩΛΗΣΙΣ, ΕΜΠΟΡΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΑΣΙΣ (prasis) comes from the verb ΠΡΆΣΣΩ (prassō), meaning 'to do, to accomplish, to exact payment, to sell'.

G0940

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: bas-KAH-noo

Translations: of an envious person, of a bewitching person, of an evil eye

Notes: This word describes something belonging to or characteristic of an envious or bewitching person. It can also refer to the 'evil eye' or the act of bewitching. It is used in the genitive case, indicating possession or origin.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΦΘΟΝΕΡΟΣ, ΒΑΣΚΑΙΝΩΝ

Etymology: From the verb ΒΑΣΚΑΙΝΩ (baskainō), meaning 'to bewitch' or 'to envy', which itself is of uncertain origin, possibly related to φάσκω (phaskō, 'to say, declare').

G0439

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: an-el-eh-EE-moh-nos

Translations: (of) unmerciful, (of) merciless, (of) without mercy

Notes: This word describes someone who is without mercy or compassion. It is a compound word formed from the negative prefix 'ἀν-' (an-, meaning 'not' or 'without') and 'ἐλεήμων' (eleēmōn, meaning 'merciful' or 'compassionate'). It is used to characterize individuals or actions that demonstrate a complete lack of pity or forgiveness.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ἈΝΙΛΕΩΣ, ἈΣΠΛΑΓΧΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΝΕΛΕΗΜΩΝ is a compound of the privative prefix ἀν- (an-), meaning 'not' or 'without', and ἐλεήμων (eleēmōn), meaning 'merciful'. The latter derives from ἔλεος (eleos), meaning 'pity' or 'mercy'.

G5544

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: khray-stoh-AY-thi-as

Translations: of goodness of disposition, of kindness, of moral excellence

Notes: This word is a compound noun, combining 'χρηστός' (chrestos), meaning 'useful' or 'good', and 'ἦθος' (ēthos), meaning 'custom', 'disposition', or 'character'. It refers to the quality of having a good disposition, kindness, or moral excellence. It describes a person's inherent good nature or character. In this genitive form, it indicates possession or origin, often translated as 'of goodness' or 'of kindness'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΓΑΘΩΣΥΝΗ, ΧΡΗΣΤΟΤΗΣ

G3407

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: MIS-thee-oo

Translations: of a hired servant, of a hired laborer, of a hireling, a hired servant, a hired laborer, a hireling

Notes: This word refers to a hired servant, laborer, or hireling. It describes someone who works for wages or a fee, as opposed to a slave or a free person working for themselves. It is often used in contexts describing temporary or paid employment.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΙΣΘΩΤΟΣ, ΕΡΓΑΤΗΣ

Etymology: The word ΜΙΣΘΙΟΣ (misthios) is derived from the Greek word μισθός (misthos), meaning 'wages' or 'pay'. It refers to someone who receives wages.

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-fes-TEE-oo

Translations: of a homeless person, of a person without a home, of a person without a hearth

Notes: This word describes something belonging to or related to a person who is homeless or without a hearth. It is a compound word formed from the negative prefix 'ἀ-' (a-) meaning 'without' and 'ἑστία' (hestia) meaning 'hearth' or 'home'. It is used to indicate a lack of a permanent dwelling or a place of origin.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine

Etymology: This word is derived from the ancient Greek negative prefix 'ἀ-' (a-), meaning 'without' or 'not', combined with 'ἑστία' (hestia), meaning 'hearth' or 'home'. It literally means 'without a hearth/home'.

G0691

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ar-GOH

Translations: to be idle, to be inactive, to be lazy, to be useless

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to be idle, inactive, or useless. It describes a state of not working or not being productive. It can also imply being lazy or ineffective. It is often used to describe a person or a thing that is not fulfilling its purpose or potential.

Inflection: First Person Singular, Present Tense, Active Voice, Indicative Mood

Synonyms: ἈΠΡΑΚΤΕΩ, ἈΝΕΡΓΕΩ

Etymology: The word ἈΡΓΩ (argō) comes from the adjective ἀργός (argos), meaning 'idle, lazy, useless', which is a compound of the negative prefix ἀ- (a-) and ἔργον (ergon), meaning 'work'. Thus, it literally means 'without work'.

G2192

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-PEH-kheh

Translations: hold, hold back, pay attention, apply oneself, continue, occupy, restrain, stop, delay, hold out, offer, direct, give heed

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'to', and the verb ἔχω (echo), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It can mean to hold something, to hold back or restrain, to pay attention or give heed to something, to apply oneself to a task, or to continue in a state or action. In some contexts, it can also mean to occupy a place or to delay.

Inflection: Imperative, Present, Active, Second Person Singular

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΣΥΝΕΧΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΧΩ

G5124

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toys

Translations: (to) these, (for) these, (with) these, (by) these

Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective meaning 'this' or 'that'. It points to something specific, indicating 'these things' or 'these people'. As a dative case, it often indicates the indirect object of a verb, the recipient of an action, or the means/instrument by which something is done. It can be translated as 'to these', 'for these', 'with these', or 'by these', depending on the context.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)

Synonyms: ΟΥ͂ΤΟΙ, ἘΚΕΊΝΟΙΣ

G2228, G3588

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Definite Article, Numeral

Sounds like: AY

Translations: or, the, 8

Notes: This word can function as a conjunction meaning 'or', indicating an alternative or choice between two or more options. It can also be the feminine nominative singular form of the definite article 'the', used to specify a feminine noun that is the subject of a sentence. The '̓' (coronis) indicates that this form is an elision, meaning it's a shortened form of a word like ἤ (e.g., when followed by a vowel). Additionally, the '̓' could be a keraia, indicating the numeral 8.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as conjunction or numeral); Singular, Nominative, Feminine (as definite article)

Etymology: The conjunction ἤ (e.g., from which Ἠ is an elision) is of uncertain origin. The definite article ἡ (from which Ἠ is an elision) comes from Proto-Indo-European. The numeral meaning is derived from the Greek letter eta (Η), which was used to represent the number 8.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: en-deh-le-KHEE-zeh

Translations: continue, persist, persevere, be constant, be diligent

Notes: This word means to continue, persist, or persevere in an action or state. It implies a sense of constancy or diligence. It can be used to describe someone who maintains an effort or remains steadfast in a particular course.

Inflection: Imperative, Present, Active, Second Person Singular

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΜΕΝΩ, ἘΠΙΜΕΝΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΑΡΤΕΡΕΩ

Etymology: The verb ἐνδελεχίζω (endelechizo) is derived from the adjective ἐνδελεχής (endeleches), meaning 'continuous, perpetual, unceasing'. This adjective is a compound of ἐν (en, 'in') and δέλεχος (delechos), which is related to δέλεαρ (delear, 'bait, lure'), suggesting a sense of holding fast or clinging persistently.

G0302

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: AHN

Translations: if, ever, might, would, should

Notes: This word is a particle used to express contingency, possibility, or potentiality. It does not have a direct English equivalent but modifies the meaning of the verb it accompanies, often indicating that an action is dependent on a condition or is hypothetical. It is frequently used with the subjunctive or optative moods to form conditional clauses or express indefinite temporal or relative clauses.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The origin of this particle is uncertain, but it is believed to be an ancient particle in Greek, possibly related to the concept of 'on' or 'up' in some contexts, though its primary function became conditional.

G1922

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ep-ig-NOH-sis

Translations: full knowledge, precise knowledge, recognition, acknowledgment, a full understanding

Notes: This word refers to a deep, precise, and full knowledge or understanding, often implying a personal and experiential recognition rather than mere intellectual acquaintance. It can also mean acknowledgment or recognition of a truth or person. It is a compound word formed from the preposition 'ἐπί' (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'in addition to', and 'γνῶσις' (gnōsis), meaning 'knowledge'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΓΝΩΣΙΣ, ΣΥΝΕΣΙΣ, ΚΑΤΑΛΗΨΙΣ

Etymology: The word 'ἐπίγνωσις' (epignōsis) is derived from the verb 'ἐπιγινώσκω' (epiginōskō), meaning 'to know fully' or 'to recognize'. It combines the prefix 'ἐπί' (epi), indicating intensity or superimposition, with 'γνῶσις' (gnōsis), meaning 'knowledge', which itself comes from the verb 'γινώσκω' (ginōskō), 'to know'.

G4933

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-tay-ROON-tah

Translations: preserving, keeping, maintaining, observing, a preserving, a keeping, a maintaining, an observing

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'preserving' or 'keeping'. It describes an ongoing action of holding something together, guarding it, or observing something like commandments. It is often used to describe someone who is actively engaged in the act of preservation or adherence.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Neuter

Synonyms: ΤΗΡΕΩ, ΦΥΛΑΣΣΩ, ΔΙΑΤΗΡΕΩ

Etymology: The word συντηρέω (syntēreō) is a compound word formed from the preposition σύν (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb τηρέω (tēreō), meaning 'to watch over', 'to guard', or 'to keep'.

G3739

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Conjunction

Sounds like: HOS

Translations: who, which, what, that, as, how, when

Notes: The word 'ΟΣ' is a versatile relative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'who,' 'which,' or 'that,' depending on the context and the gender, number, and case it agrees with. It introduces a relative clause, linking it to a preceding noun or pronoun. It can also function as a conjunction, meaning 'as,' 'how,' or 'when,' indicating manner or time.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Etymology: The word 'ΟΣ' is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has been a fundamental part of the Greek language's grammatical structure for millennia, serving to connect clauses and introduce relative information.

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

G1437

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: eh-AHN

Translations: if, when, whenever, although

Notes: ἘΑΝ is a conditional conjunction used to introduce a protasis (the 'if' clause) in a conditional sentence. It typically takes the subjunctive mood, indicating a condition that is possible, probable, or hypothetical. It can be translated as 'if', 'when', or 'whenever', depending on the nuance of the condition, and sometimes 'although' in concessive clauses.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΙ, ὍΤΑΝ

Etymology: ἘΑΝ is a contraction of the conditional particle εἰ (ei, 'if') and the modal particle ἄν (an), which adds a sense of contingency or possibility to the condition.

G4838

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-al-GAY-say

Translations: will suffer with, will feel pain with, will sympathize

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from 'σύν' (with) and 'ἀλγέω' (to suffer pain). It means to suffer together with someone, to feel pain alongside them, or to sympathize with their suffering. It describes the act of sharing in another's emotional or physical pain.

Inflection: Future, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΣΥΜΠΑΘΕΩ, ΣΥΝΟΔΥΝΑΩ

Etymology: The word is derived from the prefix 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb 'ἀλγέω' (algeō), meaning 'to suffer' or 'to feel pain'.

G2588

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kar-DEE-as

Translations: of heart, of a heart, of mind, of soul, of inner self, of conscience, of courage, of will

Notes: This word refers to the physical heart, but more commonly in Koine Greek, it signifies the center of one's being, including thoughts, emotions, will, and conscience. It is often used to denote the inner person, the seat of spiritual and moral life. For example, it can refer to the core of one's beliefs or the source of one's intentions.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΨΥΧΗ, ΝΟΥΣ, ΠΝΕΥΜΑ

G2476

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: STAY-son

Translations: stand, set, place, establish, appoint, stop, cause to stand, make to stand, cause to stop, cause to be established

Notes: ΣΤΗΣΟΝ is an aorist active imperative, second person singular, of the verb ἵστημι (histēmi). It means 'stand!' or 'set!' or 'place!'. It is used to command someone to take a standing position, to set something down, or to establish something. It can also mean to stop something or cause it to stand still.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Imperative, Second Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΦΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΙΔΡΥΩ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ

G0518

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-pang-GEL-line

Translations: to report, to announce, to tell, to declare, to bring back word, to bring tidings

Notes: This word means to bring a message back, to report, or to announce. It implies conveying information from one place or person to another, often with the sense of delivering an official or important message. It can be used in contexts where someone is sent to deliver news or a report.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ἈΝΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ἈΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ἘΞΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the prefix ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb ἀγγέλλω (angellō), meaning 'to announce' or 'to report'. Thus, it literally means 'to announce from' or 'to report back'.

G1488

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-OH-then

Translations: to be accustomed, to be in the habit of, to be wont

Notes: This verb means 'to be accustomed' or 'to be in the habit of doing something'. It describes a regular or customary action. For example, one might say 'he is accustomed to speaking' or 'it is his custom to do this'. Although it is morphologically a pluperfect form, it functions with a present tense meaning, indicating an ongoing state of being accustomed.

Inflection: Pluperfect, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΗΘΕΙΑ, ΕΘΙΖΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *swedʰ- (custom, habit).

G4649

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: sko-POY

Translations: watchmen, guards, scouts, aims, goals, targets

Notes: This word refers to those who watch or observe, such as watchmen, guards, or scouts. It can also refer to an aim, goal, or target, something that is looked at or intended. In the provided examples, it is used in the sense of 'watchmen' or 'scouts'.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΦΥΛΑΚΕΣ, ΤΗΡΗΤΕΣ, ΣΚΟΠΕΥΤΑΙ

Etymology: The word 'σκοπός' (skopos) comes from the Greek verb 'σκέπτομαι' (skeptomai), meaning 'to look at, to observe, to consider'. It refers to something looked at or an observer.

G3346

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: meh-TEH-oh-roo

Translations: of high, of lofty, of suspended, of wavering, of uncertain, of anxious, of a high place, of a lofty place, of the sky, of the air

Notes: This word describes something that is high up, suspended in the air, or elevated. It can also refer to a state of being unsettled, anxious, or wavering, like something hanging in the balance. In a physical sense, it refers to a high place or the sky itself. It is used to describe things that are literally 'in the air' or figuratively 'up in the air' in terms of certainty.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΥΨΗΛΟΣ, ΑΝΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek μετέωρος (metéōros), meaning 'raised from the ground, lofty, suspended in the air', from μετά (metá, 'among, with, after') + ἀείρω (aeírō, 'to lift, raise').

G2521

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ka-THEE-meh-noy

Translations: sitting, those sitting, who sit

Notes: This word is a present participle of the verb 'to sit'. It describes someone or something that is in the act of sitting. It can be used to describe people who are seated, or metaphorically, those who are settled in a particular state or place. For example, it can refer to people sitting in darkness or those sitting near someone.

Inflection: Present, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΑΘΕΖΟΜΑΙ, ΕΔΡΑΖΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek καθέζομαι (kathézomai, “to sit down”), from κατά (katá, “down”) + ἕζομαι (hézomai, “to sit”).

G4649

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: sko-PES

Translations: of a mark, of a goal, of an aim, of a watchman, of a guard

Notes: This word refers to a mark, a goal, or an aim, something to look at or strive for. It can also refer to a watchman or a guard, someone who keeps watch. It is used in the genitive case, indicating possession or relationship, often translated with 'of'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΚΟΠΕΥΣ, ΣΚΟΠΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΣΚΟΠΟΣ comes from the verb σκοπέω (skopeō), meaning 'to look at, to observe, to consider'.

G5310

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: YP-see-STOO

Translations: (of) the Most High, (of) the Highest, (of) God Most High

Notes: This word means 'highest' or 'most high'. It is often used as a substantive, referring to God as 'the Most High'. It describes something or someone that is supreme in position, rank, or quality. When used in a sentence, it typically functions as an adjective modifying a noun, or as a noun itself referring to God.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΝΩΤΑΤΟΣ, ΥΠΕΡΤΑΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΥΨΙΣΤΟΣ (hypsistos) is derived from the Greek word ὕψος (hypsos), meaning 'height' or 'summit'. It is the superlative form of the adjective ὑψηλός (hypsēlos), meaning 'high'.

G2443

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: EE-nah

Translations: in order that, that, so that, to

Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause expressing purpose, result, or content. It often translates to 'in order that' or simply 'that' when indicating the aim or outcome of an action. It can also be used to express a command or exhortation, especially when followed by the subjunctive mood.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣΤΕ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en- (in). It is related to the preposition 'in' and developed into a conjunction expressing purpose or result.

G2116

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: yoo-THOO-nay

Translations: straightness, a straightness, uprightness, a rightness, rectitude, a rectitude, correction, a correction, direction, a direction

Notes: This word refers to the quality of being straight, upright, or correct. It can denote rectitude or integrity in character, or the act of setting something straight, such as a correction or a right direction. It is used to describe a path that is direct or a judgment that is just.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΡΘΟΤΗΣ, ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣΥΝΗ, ΕΥΘΥΤΗΣ

Etymology: From the adjective εὐθύς (euthys), meaning 'straight' or 'direct'.

G225

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-lay-THEY-ah

Translations: truth, a truth, reality, veracity, faithfulness

Notes: This word refers to truth, not merely as an abstract concept, but often as a quality of being or action, indicating sincerity, reality, or faithfulness. It can be used to describe something that is factual, genuine, or reliable. For example, one might speak of 'the truth of God' or 'walking in truth'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΛΗΘΗΣ, ΑΛΗΘΙΝΟΣ, ΓΝΩΣΙΣ

Etymology: From ἀληθής (alēthḗs, “true”), from ἀ- (a-, “un-”) + λήθη (lḗthē, “forgetfulness, oblivion”). Thus, literally 'un-forgetfulness' or 'that which is not hidden'.

G0746

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ar-KHEE

Translations: beginning, a beginning, rule, a rule, ruler, a ruler, first, origin, a first, a ruler, dominion, a dominion, principality, a principality

Notes: This word refers to the beginning of something, the first in a series, or the origin. It can also denote a position of authority, rule, or dominion, and by extension, the person holding such authority (a ruler or magistrate). It is used to describe the starting point of time, a sequence, or a source of power.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΠΑΡΧΗ, ΚΕΦΑΛΗ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑ

Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂ergʰ-, meaning 'to begin, rule'. It is related to words signifying 'first' or 'chief'.

G3056

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: LOH-goss

Translations: word, a word, reason, a reason, account, an account, speech, a speech, message, a message, report, a report, thing, a thing, matter, a matter, saying, a saying, discourse, a discourse

Notes: The word 'logos' is a fundamental term in Koine Greek with a wide range of meanings. It can refer to a spoken or written word, a statement, a message, or a command. Beyond simple communication, it also encompasses concepts like reason, logic, an account, a narrative, or even a divine utterance or principle. Its specific meaning often depends on the context in which it is used.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΡΗΜΑ, ΕΠΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb λέγω (legō), meaning 'to say, speak'. It refers to something said or thought, and its meaning evolved to encompass both speech and the underlying reason or thought.

G4253

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PRO

Translations: before, in front of, for, on behalf of, in the presence of, prior to, instead of

Notes: This word is a preposition that typically takes the genitive case. It can indicate a spatial relationship, meaning 'before' or 'in front of' something or someone. It can also denote a temporal relationship, meaning 'before' in time, or a causal relationship, meaning 'for' or 'on behalf of' someone or something. In some contexts, it can also mean 'instead of' or 'in the presence of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΜΠΡΟΣΘΕΝ, ΑΝΤΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'before, in front of'. It is cognate with English 'for' and Latin 'pro'.

G1012

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: BOO-lay

Translations: counsel, a counsel, plan, a plan, purpose, a purpose, will, a will, decision, a decision

Notes: This word refers to a counsel, a plan, a purpose, or a decision. It denotes the act of deliberating or the result of such deliberation, often implying a firm intention or resolution. It can be used in contexts referring to human plans or, more profoundly, to the divine will or purpose.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΕΥΜΑ, ΓΝΩΜΗ, ΠΡΟΘΕΣΙΣ

Etymology: From the verb βούλομαι (boulomai), meaning 'to will, wish, or purpose'. It refers to the act or result of willing or planning.

G2487

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: IKH-nos

Translations: footprint, a footprint, track, a track, trace, a trace, vestige, a vestige

Notes: This word refers to a footprint, track, or trace left behind by something or someone. It can be used to describe the physical mark left by a foot, or more broadly, any sign or vestige that indicates the past presence or passage of something. For example, one might speak of finding the tracks of an animal or the faint traces of an ancient civilization.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΤΡΟΠΟΣ, ΒΗΜΑ, ΣΗΜΕΙΟΝ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the Proto-Indo-European root *sekʷ- meaning 'to follow'.

G0018

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ah-gah-THON

Translations: good, a good thing, benefit, advantage, what is good

Notes: This word describes something that is good, beneficial, or morally upright. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, indicating its positive quality. As a neuter noun, it often refers to 'a good thing' or 'what is good' in a general sense, encompassing both moral excellence and practical benefit. It is frequently used to describe actions, outcomes, or qualities that are desirable or virtuous.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΟΣ, ΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word originates from Proto-Indo-European, referring to something that is 'good' or 'noble'. It has cognates in various Indo-European languages.

G2556

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: KAH-kon

Translations: evil, bad, harmful, wicked, a bad thing, an evil thing, a wrong, a misfortune, a disaster

Notes: This word describes something that is bad, evil, or harmful. It can refer to moral wickedness, physical harm, or general poor quality. When used as a substantive (like a noun), it refers to an evil thing, a wrong, or a misfortune. It can be used to describe actions, intentions, or conditions.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΠΟΝΗΡΟΣ, ΦΑΥΛΟΣ, ΑΣΕΒΗΣ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be pre-Greek or from an unknown root.

G2222

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: DZOH-ay

Translations: life, a life

Notes: This word refers to life in its broadest sense, encompassing both physical and spiritual existence. It can denote the principle of life, the period of life, or the way of life. It is often used to describe the state of being alive, as well as the quality of that existence, particularly in a spiritual or eternal context.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΒΙΟΣ, ΨΥΧΗ

Etymology: From the verb ζάω (zaō), meaning 'to live'. It is related to the concept of vital breath and existence.

G1100

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GLOHS-sah

Translations: tongue, a tongue, language, a language, speech, a speech

Notes: This word refers to the physical organ in the mouth, the tongue. It can also refer to a language spoken by a group of people, or more generally, to speech itself. It is used in contexts ranging from literal descriptions of the body to metaphorical uses concerning communication and different languages.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΛΕΚΤΟΣ, ΦΩΝΗ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *glōgh- (pointed object, tongue). It is related to words for 'tongue' in other Indo-European languages.

G3835

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: pa-noor-GOS

Translations: cunning, crafty, shrewd, unscrupulous, a cunning person

Notes: This word describes someone who is clever, skillful, or resourceful, often with a negative connotation implying deceit, trickery, or unscrupulousness. It can refer to someone who is cunning or crafty in a bad sense, but can also describe someone who is shrewd or resourceful in a neutral or even positive sense, depending on the context. It is used to describe a person's character or actions.

Inflection: Nominative, Singular, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΟΛΙΟΣ, ΠΟΝΗΡΟΣ, ΣΟΦΟΣ

Etymology: From πᾶν (pan), meaning 'all' or 'every', and ἔργον (ergon), meaning 'work' or 'deed'. Thus, it literally means 'capable of all work' or 'doing everything', which evolved to signify 'cunning' or 'crafty'.

G3807

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: py-DEW-tays

Translations: instructor, teacher, trainer, disciplinarian, a disciplinarian

Notes: This word refers to someone who instructs, trains, or disciplines. It can denote a teacher or tutor, but often carries the connotation of someone who educates through correction, training, or even punishment, aiming to improve character or behavior. It is used to describe a guide or mentor who imparts moral or spiritual instruction.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΑΣΚΑΛΟΣ, ΚΑΘΗΓΗΤΗΣ

Etymology: From the verb παιδεύω (paideuō), meaning 'to train, educate, discipline,' which itself comes from παῖς (pais), meaning 'child'. Thus, it literally refers to one who trains or educates a child.

G0890

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: akh-RAY-stos

Translations: useless, unprofitable, unserviceable, good for nothing

Notes: This word describes something or someone that is useless, unprofitable, or unserviceable. It is a compound word formed from the negative prefix ἀ- (a-) meaning 'not' and the word χρηστός (chrēstos) meaning 'useful' or 'good'. It can be used to describe objects that have no practical value or individuals who are unproductive or morally worthless.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ἈΝΩΦΕΛΗΣ, ἈΚΑΡΠΟΣ, ἈΧΡΕΙΟΣ

Etymology: From the negative prefix ἀ- (a-) and the word χρηστός (chrēstos, 'useful, good').

G4679

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: so-FI-zo-me-nos

Translations: being made wise, becoming wise, devising, inventing, acting wisely, being cunning, being crafty

Notes: This word describes the action of becoming wise, being made wise, or acting wisely. It can also carry the connotation of devising, inventing, or even being cunning or crafty, depending on the context. It is often used to describe someone who is employing wisdom or cleverness, whether for good or ill.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΦΡΟΝΕΩ, ΣΥΝΙΗΜΙ

G3778

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: OO-tos

Translations: this, that, he, she, it, these, those, this one, that one

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something or someone that is near, or has just been mentioned. It can function as a substantive (e.g., 'he', 'she', 'it', 'this one') or as an adjective modifying a noun (e.g., 'this man', 'these things'). It often refers to something immediately present or recently discussed in the discourse.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΔΕ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be an ancient demonstrative pronoun in Greek, possibly related to other Indo-European demonstratives.

G2704

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-thoo-steh-REH-see

Translations: will delay, will be behind, will fall short, will fail

Notes: This word is the third person singular future active indicative form of the verb ΚΑΘΥΣΤΕΡΕΩ. It means to be behind, to delay, to fall short, or to fail. It describes an action that will happen in the future, indicating a lack of promptness or a deficiency in meeting an expectation or standard.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Future, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΥΣΤΕΡΕΩ, ΒΡΑΔΥΝΩ, ΕΛΛΕΙΠΩ

Etymology: From κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and ὑστερέω (hysteréō), meaning 'to be behind' or 'to lack'. The compound verb signifies being behind or falling short in a more emphatic or complete sense.

G3844

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: pah-RAH

Translations: from, by, with, beside, at, near, alongside, to

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it typically means 'from' or 'from beside', indicating origin or agency. With the dative case, it means 'with', 'beside', or 'at', indicating proximity or presence. With the accusative case, it means 'alongside', 'to', or 'past', indicating motion towards or along something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΥΠΟ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'beside', 'alongside'. It is cognate with English 'for' and 'from'.

G2962

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KOO-ree-OO

Translations: of Lord, of the Lord, of God, of the Master

Notes: This word refers to a lord, master, or owner. In religious contexts, particularly in the Septuagint and New Testament, it is frequently used to refer to God or Jesus Christ, often as a title of reverence and authority. It can be used in sentences like 'the house of the Lord' or 'the word of the Lord'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΘΕΟΣ, ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ

Etymology: The word ΚΥΡΙΟΣ (kyrios) derives from the root κῦρος (kyros), meaning 'power, authority'. It originally referred to someone who possessed authority or control, such as a master or owner, and later evolved to be used as a title for deities or rulers.

G5485

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHA-rees

Translations: grace, a grace, favor, a favor, kindness, a kindness, thanks, gratitude, charm, a charm, delight, a delight

Notes: This word is a feminine noun that generally refers to grace, favor, or kindness. It can also mean thanks or gratitude, especially in expressions like 'to give thanks'. In some contexts, it can refer to charm or delight. It is often used to describe divine favor or unmerited divine assistance given to humans.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΥΧΑΡΙΣΤΙΑ, ΕΛΕΟΣ, ΔΩΡΟΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- ('to desire, to like'). In ancient Greek, it developed to mean 'that which delights' or 'favor'.

G3754

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G4735

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: es-teh-RAY-thay

Translations: was deprived, was lacking, was bereaved, was destitute

Notes: This verb describes the state of being deprived of something, lacking something, or being bereaved. It is often used to indicate a loss or absence of something previously possessed or expected. For example, one might be deprived of wisdom, or of a person's presence.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΦΑΙΡΕΩ, ΑΠΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ΕΚΠΙΠΤΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek στερέω (stereō, “to deprive, bereave”), from στερεός (stereós, “solid, firm, hard”).

G4680

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: SOH-foss

Translations: wise, a wise person, skillful, clever

Notes: This word describes someone who possesses wisdom, skill, or cleverness. It can be used as an adjective to modify a noun (e.g., 'a wise man') or as a substantive noun itself, meaning 'a wise person' or 'the wise one'. It often implies practical wisdom and understanding.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΕΤΟΣ, ΦΡΟΝΙΜΟΣ, ΕΜΦΡΩΝ

Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to the Proto-Indo-European *sap- meaning 'to taste, to perceive'. It is related to the noun σοφία (sophia), meaning 'wisdom'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G2590

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kar-POY

Translations: fruits, produce, crops, results, deeds, works

Notes: This word refers to the literal fruit of plants, trees, or the earth, such as crops or produce. Metaphorically, it can also refer to the results or outcomes of actions, whether good or bad, often translated as 'deeds' or 'works'. It is used in a variety of contexts to describe both physical and spiritual yields.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΡΓΑ, ΓΕΝΝΗΜΑΤΑ, ΠΟΙΗΜΑΤΑ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΡΠΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It has been used since ancient times to refer to the fruit of plants and, by extension, the outcome of actions.

G4750

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: STOH-mah-tos

Translations: mouth, a mouth, (of) mouth, (of) a mouth

Notes: This word refers to the mouth, either literally as a part of the body (of humans or animals) or metaphorically as the source of speech, utterance, or command. It is often used in contexts related to speaking, declaring, or consuming.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΧΕΙΛΟΣ, ΦΩΝΗ

Etymology: The word ΣΤΟΜΑ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *stom-n-, meaning 'mouth'. It is related to words for mouth in other Indo-European languages.

G4103

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: PIS-toy

Translations: faithful, trustworthy, believing, reliable, a believer, the faithful ones

Notes: This word describes someone or something that is faithful, trustworthy, or reliable. As an adjective, it can modify a noun, indicating a quality of steadfastness or belief. When used as a noun, it refers to 'the faithful ones' or 'believers,' often in a religious context, indicating those who have faith or are committed.

Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Nominative

Synonyms: ΑΛΗΘΙΝΟΣ, ΕΓΚΡΑΤΗΣ, ΑΞΙΟΠΙΣΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word "ΠΙΣΤΟΣ" comes from the verb "ΠΕΙΘΩ" (peithō), meaning 'to persuade, to trust, to obey.' It describes someone who has been persuaded or has put their trust in something, or someone who is trustworthy.

G1438

Part of Speech: Reflexive Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-ah-TOO

Translations: (of) himself, (of) herself, (of) itself, (of) themselves

Notes: This word is a reflexive pronoun, meaning it refers back to the subject of the sentence. It indicates that the action of the verb is directed back to the one performing it. For example, 'he washed himself'. It is a compound word formed from the personal pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos) and the reflexive pronoun 'ἑαυτοῦ' (heautou).

Inflection: Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter. It can also be used for Feminine or Plural contexts, though the specific form 'ΕΑΥΤΟΥ' is genitive singular masculine/neuter.

Etymology: From the combination of the personal pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos, 'self') and the reflexive pronoun 'ἑαυτοῦ' (heautou, 'of self').

G3811

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pai-DEH-oo-see

Translations: will discipline, will instruct, will educate, will train, will correct, will chastise

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to discipline, instruct, or educate. It can also carry the sense of correcting or chastising, often with the aim of moral improvement. It is used to describe the act of training or bringing up a child, or more generally, providing guidance and correction to someone.

Inflection: Future, Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΑΣΚΩ, ΝΟΥΘΕΤΕΩ, ΕΚΠΑΙΔΕΥΩ

G3708

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: oh-RON-tes

Translations: seeing, beholding, looking at, perceiving, observing, those seeing, the ones seeing

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'οράω' (oraō), meaning 'to see' or 'to behold'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action performed by the subject. In this form, 'ο̄ρῶντες' refers to 'those who are seeing' or 'the ones who are beholding'. It can be used to describe people who are actively observing something.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΟΝΤΕΣ, ΘΕΩΡΟΥΝΤΕΣ

Etymology: The verb 'οράω' (oraō) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to see'. It is an ancient Greek verb with a long history of usage.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Interjection, Prefix, Numeral

Sounds like: AI

Translations: the, who, which, alas, oh, 11

Notes: The word 'ΑΙ' can function in several ways in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it is the feminine nominative plural form of the definite article, meaning 'the' (referring to multiple feminine nouns). It can also be the feminine nominative plural form of the relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which'. Less frequently, it can be an interjection expressing sorrow or pain, similar to 'alas' or 'oh'. It can also appear as a prefix in compound words. Additionally, 'ΑΙ' can represent the number 11 when used as a numerical symbol (alpha-iota). It is also possible for 'ΑΙ' to be an elision or contraction of other words, such as 'ἀεί' (always) or 'ἄγε' (come on!), though this is less common in the New Testament.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Plural (for article and pronoun); Does not inflect (for interjection, prefix, and numeral)

Etymology: The origin of 'ΑΙ' as a definite article and relative pronoun is from Proto-Indo-European. Its use as an interjection is onomatopoeic.

G2474

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: Iss-rah-AYL

Translations: Israel

Notes: This word refers to Israel, which can denote the patriarch Jacob (who was renamed Israel), the nation descended from him, or the land occupied by that nation. It is used to refer to the people of God, the twelve tribes, or the northern kingdom of Israel as distinct from Judah. It is often used in contexts referring to the history, covenant, and identity of God's chosen people.

Inflection: Indeclinable

Etymology: The word is of Hebrew origin, meaning 'God strives' or 'he strives with God'. It was the new name given to Jacob after he wrestled with God (Genesis 32:28).

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G2992

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: lah-OH

Translations: people, a people, nation, a nation

Notes: This word refers to a people, a nation, or a multitude of individuals, often used in the context of a specific group or community, such as the people of Israel or the people of God. It can be used to describe a general populace or a distinct ethnic or national group.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΘΝΟΣ, ΟΧΛΟΣ

Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to λᾶς (lās, "stone"), referring to people as "stones" or "foundations." It is also suggested to be from Proto-Indo-European *leh₂w- ("people, army").

G2816

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: klay-roh-noh-MEH-see

Translations: will inherit, shall inherit

Notes: This word means 'will inherit' or 'shall inherit'. It refers to the act of receiving an inheritance or possessing something as an heir. It is used to describe a future action where someone will come into possession of property, a legacy, or a spiritual blessing.

Inflection: Future, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΕΧΩ

Etymology: The word ΚΛΗΡΟΝΟΜΕΩ is a compound word derived from ΚΛΗΡΟΣ (kleros), meaning 'lot' or 'inheritance', and ΝΕΜΩ (nemo), meaning 'to distribute' or 'to possess'. Thus, it literally means 'to distribute by lot' or 'to receive by lot', evolving to mean 'to inherit'.

G3686

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: O-no-MA

Translations: name, a name, reputation, character, authority

Notes: This word refers to a name, whether of a person, place, or thing. It can also signify one's reputation, character, or even authority, as a name often represents the person or entity itself. It is commonly used in phrases like 'in the name of' to denote authority or representation.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Genitive; Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΛΕΟΣ, ΦΗΜΗ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥. It is cognate with Latin nōmen and English name.

G5043

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: TEK-non

Translations: child, a child, son, a son, daughter, a daughter

Notes: This word refers to a child, offspring, or descendant. It can be used broadly to refer to a son or daughter, or more generally to a young person. It is often used in a tender or affectionate way, similar to how 'my child' or 'dear child' might be used in English. It can also be used metaphorically to refer to someone who is a spiritual 'child' or follower of another.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΠΑΙΣ, ΥΙΟΣ, ΘΥΓΑΤΗΡ

Etymology: From the root τίκτω (tiktō), meaning 'to beget' or 'to bear'. It refers to that which is born or produced.

G5101

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE

Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing

Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TEH

Translations: she, herself, to her, for her, of her, her, it, itself, to it, for it, of it, its, they, them, themselves

Notes: This word is a form of the pronoun 'autos', meaning 'self' or 'same'. It can function as a personal pronoun (he, she, it, they), a reflexive pronoun (himself, herself, itself, themselves), or an intensive pronoun (the very, the same). Its specific meaning depends on its case, number, and gender, and the context of the sentence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine; or Singular, Dative, Feminine; or Singular, Genitive, Feminine; or Plural, Nominative, Neuter

Etymology: The word 'autos' (from which 'autē' is derived) comes from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ew-to-, a pronominal stem. It is related to other pronouns and demonstratives in various Indo-European languages.

G4851

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soom-FEH-reh

Translations: it is profitable, it is expedient, it is advantageous, it is useful

Notes: This word means to be profitable, advantageous, or expedient. It is often used impersonally, meaning 'it is profitable' or 'it is expedient' for someone or something. It can also mean to bring together or contribute.

Inflection: 3rd Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΩΦΕΛΕΩ, ΛΥΣΙΤΕΛΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΣΥΜΦΕΡΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΣΥΝ (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΦΕΡΩ (pherō), meaning 'to bear' or 'to carry'. Thus, it literally means 'to bear together' or 'to bring together', which then developed the sense of 'to be profitable' or 'to be advantageous'.

G2106

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: yoo-DOH-kee

Translations: to be well pleased, to approve, to delight in, to take pleasure in, to think good, to resolve

Notes: This verb means to be well pleased with something or someone, to approve of it, or to take delight in it. It often implies a favorable disposition or a decision made with good will. It can be used to express divine approval or human preference.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΑΡΕΣΚΩ, ΘΕΛΩ, ΒΟΥΛΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word Εὐδοκέω (eudokeō) is a compound of the prefix εὖ (eu), meaning 'well' or 'good', and δοκέω (dokeō), meaning 'to seem, to think, to suppose'. Thus, it literally means 'to seem good' or 'to think well'.

G0088

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ap-LAY-styo-oo

Translations: be greedy, be insatiable, be covetous

Notes: This word describes the act of being greedy, insatiable, or covetous. It implies an excessive desire for more, often without regard for others or for what is sufficient. It is typically used to warn against or describe a state of unrestrained desire, particularly for material things or pleasures.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Imperative, Second Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΛΕΟΝΕΚΤΕΩ, ἘΠΙΘΥΜΕΩ

Etymology: The word ἈΠΛΗΣΤΕΥΩ (aplēsteuō) is derived from the adjective ἈΠΛΗΣΤΟΣ (aplēstos), meaning 'insatiable' or 'greedy'. This adjective is formed from the privative prefix ἀ- (a-, 'not') and the root of the verb ΠΙΜΠΛΗΜΙ (pimplēmi), meaning 'to fill'. Thus, it literally means 'not able to be filled' or 'insatiable'.

G3956

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PAH-see

Translations: (to) all, (to) every, (to) whole, (to) any, (of) all, (of) every, (of) whole, (of) any

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all,' 'every,' 'whole,' or 'any.' It is used to describe a quantity or entirety. For example, it can be used with a noun to mean 'all the people' or 'every house.' In the provided examples, 'ΠΑΣΗ ΧΩΡΑ' means 'in every land' or 'in all the land,' indicating its use to modify a feminine singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine; or Singular, Genitive, Feminine; or Plural, Nominative, Neuter; or Plural, Accusative, Neuter; or Plural, Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'all' or 'every.'

G5172

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: troo-FEE

Translations: luxury, a luxury, delight, a delight, sumptuous living, softness, wantonness

Notes: This word refers to a life of luxury, delicate living, or pleasure. It can denote a state of abundance and enjoyment, but sometimes carries a negative connotation implying excessive indulgence, effeminacy, or wantonness. It is often used to describe a lifestyle characterized by ease and comfort, sometimes to the point of moral laxity.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΗΔΟΝΗ, ΑΝΕΣΙΣ, ΑΣΩΤΙΑ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be derived from a root meaning 'to break down' or 'to be soft', referring to the softening effect of luxury.

G1632

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ek-khoo-THAYS

Translations: will be poured out, may be poured out, let it be poured out

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb χέω (cheō), meaning 'to pour'. Together, it means 'to pour out' or 'to spill'. It is often used in contexts of liquids being poured, but can also refer to emotions, blessings, or judgments being poured forth or abundantly given. It can also refer to blood being shed.

Inflection: Future, Passive, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular OR Aorist, Passive, Subjunctive, 2nd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΧΕΩ, ΕΚΧΥΝΩ

G3557

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: POH-nos

Translations: toil, labor, pain, suffering, distress, a toil, a labor, a pain, a suffering, a distress

Notes: This word refers to physical exertion, hard work, or the effort involved in an activity. It can also denote the resulting pain, suffering, or distress that comes from such labor or from a difficult situation. It is often used in contexts describing the hardships or afflictions one might endure.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΟΠΟΣ, ΟΔΥΝΗ, ΘΛΙΨΙΣ

Etymology: From the root *pen-, meaning 'to toil, labor'. It is related to the verb πονέω (poneō), meaning 'to work hard, suffer'.

G0082

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-PLEH-stee-ah

Translations: insatiableness, insatiability, greed, covetousness, a greed, an insatiableness

Notes: This word refers to the quality of being insatiable or never satisfied, often implying greed or covetousness. It describes an excessive desire for something, particularly food or wealth, that cannot be appeased. It is a compound word formed from 'ἀ-' (a-, a negative prefix meaning 'not') and 'πληστός' (plēstos, meaning 'filled' or 'satisfied').

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΛΕΟΝΕΞΙΑ, ἈΚΟΡΙΑ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀπληστία (aplēstía), formed from ἀ- (a-, a negative prefix) and πληστός (plēstós, 'filled, satisfied'), which comes from the verb πίμπλημι (pímplēmi, 'to fill'). Thus, it literally means 'not able to be filled'.

G1448

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eng-GHEE-ay

Translations: will draw near, will approach, will come near, will be at hand

Notes: This word is the third person singular future active indicative form of the verb ἘΓΓΙΖΩ. It means 'to draw near,' 'to approach,' or 'to be at hand.' It is used to describe something or someone moving closer in space or time, or an event that is about to happen. For example, 'he will draw near' or 'it will be at hand.'

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Future, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΠΛΗΣΙΑΖΩ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΦΘΑΝΩ

G5519

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kho-LEH-ras

Translations: cholera, bile, wrath, anger

Notes: This word refers to cholera, a severe intestinal disease. In a broader sense, it can also refer to bile, one of the four humors in ancient medicine, and by extension, to a bilious attack, or a fit of anger or wrath, as these were associated with an excess of bile.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΡΓΗ, ΘΥΜΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΧΟΛΕΡΑ derives from the Greek word χολή (cholē), meaning 'bile' or 'gall'. It is related to the concept of the four humors in ancient medicine, where an imbalance of bile was thought to cause various ailments, including the disease known as cholera, and also emotional states like anger.

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: DEE

Translations: through, by means of, on account of, because of, 14

Notes: This word is most commonly an elided form of the preposition ΔΙΑ (dia), meaning 'through', 'by means of', 'on account of', or 'because of'. It is used to indicate the means by which something is done or the reason for an action. It can also represent the Greek numeral 14, indicated by a keraia (a mark similar to an apostrophe) which is often omitted in transcription.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or numeral)

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΥΠΟ, ΕΝΕΚΕΝ

Etymology: The preposition ΔΙΑ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G1161

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G4337

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: pros-EKH-ohn

Translations: paying attention, giving heed, attending, being devoted, applying oneself, being careful, taking heed, a paying attention, a giving heed

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'προσέχω' (prosechō), which means to pay attention, give heed, or apply oneself to something. It often implies a careful and deliberate focus on a person, thing, or teaching. It can also mean to be devoted to something or to be careful about something. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action or state of the subject.

Inflection: Present, Active, Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΚΑΡΤΕΡΩΝ, ΕΠΙΜΕΛΟΥΜΕΝΟΣ, ΠΡΟΣΕΧΟΝΤΕΣ

G4369