2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: TOH-teh

Translations: then, at that time, at that moment, thereupon, therefore

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'then' or 'at that time'. It is used to indicate a point in time, often referring to a past or future event that follows another. It can also be used to introduce a consequence or result, similar to 'therefore' or 'in that case'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΕΙΤΑ, ΕΙΤΑ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The word ΤΟΤΕ is a primary adverb, meaning it is not derived from another word in Greek. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun 'το' (this/that).

G2962

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KOO-ree-os

Translations: Lord, a Lord, Master, a Master, Sir, a Sir

Notes: This is a nomina sacra, a sacred name abbreviation, for ΚΥΡΙΟΣ (Kyrios). It refers to a supreme authority, master, or owner. It is frequently used in the New Testament to refer to God or Jesus Christ, signifying their divine authority and sovereignty. It can also be used as a respectful address, similar to 'Sir'.

Inflection: Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΘΕΟΣ, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ

Etymology: The word ΚΥΡΙΟΣ derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *keu- meaning 'to swell, to be strong, to be powerful'. It refers to one who has power or authority.

G4314

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G2532

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G2932

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: KTEE-sahee

Translations: acquire, buy, get, obtain, possess, gain, purchase

Notes: This word means to acquire, obtain, or possess something, often implying a process of gaining ownership or control. It can refer to buying something, or simply coming into possession of it. It is used in contexts where one is urged to gain or secure something for themselves.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Imperative, Second Person Singular

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΕΧΩ, ΠΟΙΕΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the idea of settling or establishing oneself, and thus acquiring property or possessions.

G0954

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: BEE-kohn

Translations: flask, a flask, bottle, a bottle

Notes: This word refers to a flask or bottle, typically made of earthenware or pottery. It is used to describe a container for liquids. In the provided context, it is used in a narrative where a flask is acquired and then broken, indicating its physical nature and use as an object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΓΓΕΙΟΝ, ΑΣΚΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΒΙΚΟΣ (bikos) is of uncertain origin, possibly a loanword from a Semitic language or from an unknown pre-Greek source. It refers to a type of vessel.

G4111

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: pep-LAS-meh-non

Translations: formed, molded, fashioned, fabricated, a formed thing, a molded thing

Notes: This word is the perfect passive participle of the verb 'πλάσσω' (plassō), meaning 'to form' or 'to mold'. As a participle, it describes something that has been formed or molded. It can function adjectivally, describing a noun, or substantively, referring to 'that which has been formed'.

Inflection: Perfect Passive Participle, Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΔΗΜΙΟΥΡΓΗΜΕΝΟΝ, ΚΕΧΑΡΑΓΜΕΝΟΝ

G0575

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: AH-po

Translations: from, away from, by, of, out of, because of, by means of

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates separation, origin, or cause. It is always followed by a noun or pronoun in the genitive case. It can mean 'from' in the sense of moving away from a place, 'from' in the sense of origin or source, or 'by' when indicating the agent or cause of an action.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *apo- 'off, away'. It is cognate with Latin ab and English off.

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

Part of Speech: Unknown

Sounds like: AH-oo

Translations: unknown

Notes: This word appears to be a misspelling or a garbled form of a known Koine Greek word. It is not a recognized word in standard Koine Greek lexicons. It is possible it is a transcription error or a very rare variant. Without diacritics, it could potentially be a misreading of 'ου' (ou), which can mean 'not' or 'of which/when' depending on the diacritics, or 'αυ' (au), which is a common prefix or part of pronouns like 'αυτος' (autos). However, 'ΑΟΥ' as a standalone word is not attested.

Inflection: Unknown

G1519, G1520

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, toward, among, in, a, an, one

Notes: As a preposition, ΕΙΣ (eis) indicates motion or direction towards a place, person, or purpose, often translated as 'into,' 'to,' or 'for.' It always takes the accusative case. For example, 'into the house' or 'to God.' It can also be used to express purpose or result. As a numeral, ΕΙΣ (heis) means 'one' and is the masculine nominative singular form, often translated as 'a,' 'an,' or 'one.'

Inflection: Preposition: Does not inflect. Numeral: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (other forms exist for other genders and cases).

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en-s, an extended form of the preposition *en (in).

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G4182

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pol-y-AN-dree-on

Translations: cemetery, a cemetery, burial place, a burial place, sepulchre, a sepulchre

Notes: This word is a compound noun, formed from 'πολύς' (many) and 'ἀνήρ' (man), combined with a suffix indicating a place. It refers to a place where many people are buried, such as a cemetery or a mass grave. It is used to describe a burial ground or a sepulchre.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΤΑΦΟΣ, ΜΝΗΜΑ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek πολυάνδριον (polyándrion), a compound of πολύς (polús, “many”) and ἀνήρ (anḗr, “man”), with the suffix -ιον (-ion) indicating a place.

G5043

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: TEK-noh

Translations: to a child, for a child, with a child

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the noun 'ΤΕΚΝΟΝ' (teknon), meaning 'child' or 'offspring'. It indicates the indirect object of an action, signifying 'to' or 'for' a child, or sometimes 'with' a child, depending on the context. It is used to show the recipient or beneficiary of an action.

Inflection: Dative, Singular, Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΑΙΔΙΩ

Etymology: The word ΤΕΚΝΟΝ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to beget' or 'to produce'. It is related to the verb τίκτω (tiktō), meaning 'to bear, bring forth'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: EP-ee

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, by, for, concerning, during, after, of, a

Notes: This word is a very common preposition and adverb in Koine Greek. As a preposition, its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'on,' 'upon,' 'over,' 'in the time of,' or 'concerning.' With the dative case, it can mean 'on,' 'at,' 'by,' 'for,' or 'in addition to.' With the accusative case, it typically means 'to,' 'against,' 'upon,' 'over,' or 'for the purpose of.' It is also frequently used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'upon,' 'over,' 'to,' or 'in addition.'

Inflection: Governs Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases. Does not inflect itself.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΥΠΕΡ, ΚΑΤΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G2294

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: THAR-sees

Translations: Tarshish

Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to a place or a person. In the Old Testament, it often refers to a distant land, possibly a city or region known for its wealth and trade, particularly in metals. It is mentioned as a destination for ships and a source of various goods. It can also refer to a person, as in the example usage where it is listed as a son of Javan.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The etymology of Tarshish is uncertain, but it is believed to be of Semitic origin, possibly related to a word meaning 'smelting place' or 'refinery,' suggesting its association with metal production.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G0302

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: AN

Translations: if, perhaps, whatever, whenever, whoever, wherever, however, as soon as, until, before

Notes: This word is a conditional particle used to express possibility, contingency, or indefiniteness. It is often used with the subjunctive mood to form conditional clauses, indicating that an action or state is dependent on a certain condition. It can also be combined with other words to form indefinite relative pronouns or adverbs, such as 'whoever', 'whatever', or 'whenever'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΑΝ, ΟΤΑΝ, ΟΠΟΥ

Etymology: The particle 'an' is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂en- meaning 'on, at'. It is an ancient Greek particle that has been used since classical times.

G2980

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: lah-LEE-soh

Translations: I will speak, I will say, I will talk

Notes: This is the first person singular future active indicative form of the verb 'λαλέω' (laleō), meaning 'to speak' or 'to talk'. It indicates an action that the speaker will perform in the future, such as 'I will speak' or 'I will say'. It is commonly used to express future communication or declaration.

Inflection: Future, Active, Indicative, 1st Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΡΩ, ΛΕΓΩ, ΦΗΜΙ

Etymology: From an onomatopoeic root, imitating the sound of babbling or chattering. It originally referred to incoherent speech or babbling, but in Koine Greek, it evolved to mean speaking in general, often with a focus on the act of speaking rather than the content.

G2046

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-REES

Translations: you will say, you will speak

Notes: This word is the future active indicative, second person singular form of the verb 'ἐρῶ' (erō), which means 'to say' or 'to speak'. It indicates an action that the listener ('you') will perform in the future, specifically speaking or saying something. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'you will say the truth'.

Inflection: Future, Active, Indicative, 2nd Person Singular

Etymology: From a prolonged form of a primary verb, probably 'εἴρω' (eirō), which means 'to say' or 'to speak'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G1722

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EN

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at, into, to

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its primary meaning is 'in' or 'within,' indicating location, time, or state. It always takes the dative case. Depending on the context, it can also be translated as 'on,' 'among,' 'with' (indicating accompaniment or instrument), 'by' (indicating means or agent), or 'at.' Sometimes it can imply motion into a place, similar to 'into' or 'to,' especially when the context suggests movement towards a location where something then resides.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It is cognate with English 'in'.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: hee-eh-roo-sa-LEM

Translations: Jerusalem

Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for Ἱερουσαλήμ (Hierousalem), which refers to the city of Jerusalem. It is a proper noun used to denote the ancient capital city of Judea, significant in Jewish and Christian traditions. It is typically used as the name of the city itself.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The name Ἱερουσαλήμ is of Hebrew origin, from יְרוּשָׁלַיִם (Yerushaláyim). It is believed to mean 'foundation of Shalem' or 'city of peace'.

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TA-deh

Translations: these things, thus, as follows

Notes: ΤΑΔΕ is the neuter plural form of the demonstrative pronoun ὅδε (hode), meaning 'this' or 'these'. It is often used to introduce a statement, a list of items, or direct speech, functioning like 'thus' or 'as follows'. For example, 'thus says the Lord'. It can refer to things that are about to be said or have just been mentioned.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΥΤΟΣ, ΤΟΙΟΥΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ὅδε (hode) is formed from the demonstrative pronoun ὁ (ho, 'this, that') and the deictic particle -δε (-de), which emphasizes proximity or immediate reference.

G1863

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-ah-GO

Translations: to bring upon, to bring in, to lead on, to induce, to inflict

Notes: This verb means to bring something upon someone or something, often with the sense of bringing a consequence, a punishment, or a benefit. It can also mean to lead someone into a place or a state, or to induce an action. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ΕΠΙ (upon, to) and the verb ΑΓΩ (to lead, to bring).

Inflection: First person singular, present active indicative

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΦΕΡΩ, ΕΠΙΤΙΘΗΜΙ

Etymology: The word ΕΠΑΓΩ is derived from the prefix ΕΠΙ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'to', and the verb ΑΓΩ (ago), meaning 'to lead' or 'to bring'. This etymology reflects its core meaning of bringing something to or upon a subject.

G5117

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: TOH-pos

Translations: place, a place, region, a region, location, a location, spot, a spot, position, a position, site, a site

Notes: This word refers to a physical location, a specific area, or a general region. It can be used to denote a literal spot, a dwelling place, or a broader territory. It is a common noun used to describe where something or someone is situated.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΟΙΚΟΣ, ΚΩΜΗ

Etymology: From an uncertain root, possibly related to the idea of 'to cut' or 'to mark out'.

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-ton

Translations: this, this one, him, it

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, used to point out something specific that is near in proximity, time, or thought, or something that has just been mentioned. As a pronoun, it can stand in for a noun, meaning 'this one' or 'him/it'. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, meaning 'this' (e.g., 'this house'). In this form, it is masculine singular and in the accusative case, meaning it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΝ

G2556

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: KAH-kah

Translations: evil things, bad things, evils, misfortunes, troubles, a bad thing, an evil thing

Notes: This word is an inflection of the adjective ΚΑΚΟΣ (kakos), meaning 'bad' or 'evil'. As 'ΚΑΚΑ', it typically functions as a neuter plural noun or adjective, referring to 'evil things', 'bad things', 'misfortunes', or 'troubles'. It describes things that are morally wrong, harmful, or unpleasant. For example, it can be used to speak of calamities or wicked deeds.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΠΟΝΗΡΑ, ΦΑΥΛΑ, ΒΛΑΒΕΡΑ

G5620

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: HOH-steh

Translations: so that, in order that, consequently, therefore, with the result that

Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause of result or purpose. It indicates that what follows is a consequence or the intended outcome of what was previously stated. It can also introduce an infinitive clause to express result.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΔΙΟ

Etymology: From the adverb ὡς (hōs), meaning 'as' or 'how', combined with the particle τε (te), meaning 'and' or 'also'. It developed to express result or consequence.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G0304, G2290

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: AN-thah

Translations: was buried, was buried again, was reburied

Notes: This word appears to be a compound or a form derived from a compound, likely combining a prefix meaning 'again' or 'up' (ΑΝΑ) with a verb related to 'bury' (ΘΑΠΤΩ). The form 'ΑΝΘ' itself is not a standard Koine Greek word but rather a truncated or inflected form, possibly a past tense passive verb. Given the context of the example usage, it strongly suggests a past passive form of 'bury' or 'rebury'. It's likely a form of ἀνέθαψεν (anethapsen) or ἀνεθάφθη (anethaphthe), meaning 'he reburied' or 'it was reburied', or a similar construction where the nu (Ν) assimilates before the theta (Θ).

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Passive

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) them, (for) him, (for) her, (for) it, (for) them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, the same

Notes: This word is a personal pronoun that can also function as an adjective. In its pronominal use, it typically means 'him', 'her', 'it', or 'them', depending on the gender and number. When used intensively, it can mean 'himself', 'herself', 'itself', or 'themselves', emphasizing the subject. As an adjective, it means 'the same'. The form ΑΥΤΩ is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΥΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a demonstrative pronominal stem. It is a fundamental pronoun in Greek, used across various dialects and periods.

G0245

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: al-LO-tree-oys

Translations: to others, to strangers, to foreigners, to aliens, to another's, to foreign things

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'belonging to another,' 'foreign,' 'alien,' or 'strange.' It describes something or someone that is not one's own, or that comes from a different place or group. In this inflected form, it indicates the dative case, meaning 'to' or 'for' others or foreign things. It can refer to people (strangers, foreigners) or possessions (another's property).

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΞΕΝΟΙΣ, ΕΤΕΡΟΙΣ

G3739

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: OYS

Translations: to whom, to which, to what

Notes: This word is a relative pronoun, meaning 'to whom', 'to which', or 'to what'. It is used to introduce a relative clause, connecting it to a noun or pronoun in the main clause. It indicates the indirect object of the verb in the relative clause, showing to whom or to what an action is directed. It can refer to people or things and is used for all genders.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders

Synonyms: ΤΙΣ, ὉΠΟΙΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun and is a common form for relative pronouns across Indo-European languages.

G3756

Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express negation. It typically precedes a word beginning with a vowel or is used at the end of a clause. It is used to deny a fact or to express a strong prohibition. It is often used with verbs to negate their action, meaning 'not' or 'no'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ, ΟΥΧΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a primary negative particle in Ancient Greek, related to similar negative particles in other Indo-European languages.

G2234

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hay-DEE-san

Translations: they made sweet, they sweetened, they made pleasant

Notes: This word is the third person plural aorist active indicative form of the verb 'ηδύνω' (hedyno), meaning 'to make sweet' or 'to make pleasant'. It describes an action completed in the past by a group of people, indicating that they caused something to become sweet or pleasant.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Etymology: The root 'ηδύς' (hedys) means 'sweet' or 'pleasant'. The verb 'ηδύνω' is derived from this adjective, indicating the act of making something sweet or pleasant.

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOY

Translations: they, themselves, to them, for them, to themselves, for themselves

Notes: This word is a pronoun that can function as a personal pronoun (they, them) or a reflexive pronoun (themselves). It can also be used to emphasize a noun, meaning 'the very' or 'the same'. Its meaning depends on the case and context. For example, in the nominative case, it typically means 'they' or 'themselves', while in the dative case, it means 'to them' or 'for them'.

Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Nominative or Dative

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΙ, ΟΥΤΟΙ

G3962

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PAH-teh-res

Translations: fathers, parents, ancestors

Notes: This word refers to male parents, or more broadly, to ancestors or forefathers. It can also be used in a spiritual sense to refer to spiritual leaders or founders. In a sentence, it would typically function as the subject or direct address.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΓΟΝΟΙ, ΓΟΝΕΙΣ

Etymology: The word 'ΠΑΤΗΡ' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'father'. It is a very ancient word found across many Indo-European languages.

G4137

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-PLEH-san

Translations: they filled, they were filled, they completed, they fulfilled

Notes: This word is the third person plural, aorist active indicative form of the verb 'πίμπλημι' (pimplēmi). It means 'they filled' or 'they were filled'. It can also be used in the sense of completing or fulfilling something, such as a prophecy or a period of time. In the provided context, it describes an action of filling something, like a land with stones.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΓΕΜΙΖΩ, ΠΛΗΡΟΩ

G3618

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: oh-koh-DOH-may-san

Translations: they built, they were building, they did build, they have built

Notes: This word is the third person plural aorist active indicative form of the verb 'οἰκοδομέω' (oikodomeō), meaning 'to build a house,' 'to erect,' or 'to construct.' In a broader sense, it can also mean 'to build up' or 'to edify' in a spiritual or moral sense, though in this form, it primarily refers to physical construction. It describes an action completed in the past by a group of people.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΚΤΙΖΩ, ΑΝΟΙΚΟΔΟΜΕΩ, ΕΓΕΙΡΩ

Etymology: The word οἰκοδομέω (oikodomeō) is a compound word derived from οἶκος (oikos), meaning 'house,' and δέμω (demō), meaning 'to build.' Thus, its literal meaning is 'to build a house.'

G5308

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: yp-see-LAH

Translations: high, lofty, exalted, proud, haughty, on high, highly

Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'high' or 'lofty,' referring to physical height, elevated status, or even a proud and arrogant disposition. As an adjective, it can describe things that are physically high, like mountains or walls, or abstract concepts like high thoughts or exalted positions. It can also be used adverbially to mean 'highly' or 'on high,' indicating a high position or an elevated manner of speaking or acting. In the provided examples, it is used both adjectivally (referring to high places or high walls) and adverbially (speaking proudly or haughtily).

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative (as an adjective); Adverbial (as an adverb)

Synonyms: ΑΝΩ, ΕΠΑΝΩ, ΥΠΕΡΗΦΑΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΥΨΗΛΟΣ (hypsēlos) comes from the Greek word ὕψος (hypsos), meaning 'height' or 'summit'. It is related to the concept of being elevated or high.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G0894

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: bah-AHL

Translations: Baal

Notes: Baal refers to a chief god of the Canaanites and Phoenicians, often associated with fertility and storms. In the Old Testament, the worship of Baal is frequently condemned as idolatry. The name is also used collectively to refer to various local deities or idols worshipped in the region. The final apostrophe-like character is a keraia, indicating that the word is being used as a numeral (likely 2), or a coronis, indicating an elision. However, in this context, it is most likely a transliteration of the Hebrew name, and the apostrophe is a transcription artifact or a keraia indicating a numeral, though the latter is less common for proper nouns. It is most commonly understood as the proper noun 'Baal'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a proper noun)

Etymology: The name Baal comes from the Semitic word baʿal, meaning 'owner' or 'lord'. It was used as a title for various deities in the ancient Near East, particularly in Canaanite and Phoenician religions.

G2618

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-KAI-ayn

Translations: to burn up, to burn down, to consume by fire

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'completely', and the verb καίω (kaiō), meaning 'to burn'. It signifies the act of burning something completely, utterly destroying it by fire. It is often used in contexts of destruction or consumption by fire.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΚΑΙΩ, ΕΚΚΑΙΩ, ΠΥΡΟΩ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΑΚΑΙΩ is a compound of the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'completely', and the verb καίω (kaiō), meaning 'to burn'. The verb καίω comes from an ancient root meaning 'to set on fire' or 'to kindle'.

Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral, Prefix

Sounds like: AL-fah (as the letter name), ah (as the sound)

Translations: Alpha, A, one, un-, a-

Notes: This is the first letter of the Greek alphabet, equivalent to the English 'A'. It can also function as the numeral '1'. Furthermore, it is commonly used as a prefix (known as the 'alpha privative') when placed before a word, indicating negation, absence, or the opposite of the word's meaning, similar to the English prefixes 'un-' or 'a-'. For example, 'atheist' (without God) comes from 'a-' (without) and 'theos' (God).

Inflection: Does not inflect as a letter or numeral. As a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the word it precedes.

Etymology: The letter 'Alpha' is derived from the Phoenician letter 'aleph', which meant 'ox'. It was adopted by the Greeks and became the first letter of their alphabet.

G1781

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-ne-TEE-lah-meen

Translations: I commanded, I ordered, I charged

Notes: This is a verb form meaning 'I commanded' or 'I ordered'. It describes an action of giving a directive or instruction to someone. It is often used in contexts where a higher authority gives a command to a subordinate or where a person gives a strong instruction.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Indicative, Aorist, Middle Voice

Synonyms: ΚΕΛΕΥΩ, ΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΤΩ

Etymology: From the Greek preposition 'εν' (in) and 'τελλω' (to accomplish, to bring to an end). The combination suggests 'to put a charge upon' or 'to lay a command upon'.

G1781

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-ne-TEI-lah-men

Translations: I commanded, I ordered, I charged, I instructed

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to command,' 'to order,' 'to charge,' or 'to instruct.' It implies giving a directive or a specific instruction to someone. It is often used in contexts where authority is being exercised or a duty is being assigned.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Middle Voice

Synonyms: ΚΕΛΕΥΩ, ΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΤΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΝΤΕΛΛΟΜΑΙ is formed from the prefix ΕΝ (en, meaning 'in' or 'on') and the verb ΤΕΛΛΩ (tellō, meaning 'to accomplish' or 'to bring to an end'). Thus, it conveys the idea of bringing something to completion by command or instruction.

G3761

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OO-deh

Translations: and not, neither, nor, not even, not

Notes: This word is a compound conjunction or adverb meaning 'and not', 'neither', 'nor', or 'not even'. It is used to connect two negative clauses or to emphasize a negation. It often appears in lists to negate multiple items, similar to how 'neither...nor' is used in English. It can also simply mean 'not' when emphasizing a point.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥΤΕ, ΜΗΔΕ

Etymology: From the negative particle ΟΥ (ou, 'not') and the conjunction ΔΕ (de, 'but, and').

G1271

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-eh-noh-THEE-neen

Translations: I thought, I considered, I purposed, I understood, I intended

Notes: This word is the first person singular, aorist indicative, passive (or middle) voice of the verb διανοέομαι (dianoéomai). It means to think through, consider, understand, or purpose. It describes an action of the mind, often implying a thorough or decisive thought process that leads to a conclusion or intention. It can be used to express what someone thought or intended to do.

Inflection: First Person Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Passive or Middle Voice

Synonyms: ΝΟΕΩ, ΕΝΝΟΕΩ, ΒΟΥΛΕΥΩ

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: dee-AH

Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that

Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.

G2064

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ER-khon-tai

Translations: they come, they go, they are coming, they are going

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. It is used to describe the action of multiple subjects moving towards or away from a place. It can refer to a physical movement or a metaphorical arrival or departure.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΝΤΑΙ, ΒΑΙΝΟΥΣΙΝ, ΠΟΡΕΥΟΝΤΑΙ

Etymology: The word ἔρχομαι (erchomai) comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is a very common verb in Koine Greek, used to express movement.

G3756, G3757

Part of Speech: Adverb, Relative Adverb, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OO

Translations: not, no, where, of whom, of which, when

Notes: This word, written without diacritics, can represent at least two distinct Koine Greek words. It most commonly functions as a negative particle (οὐ), meaning 'not' or 'no', used to express a direct and objective negation. It can also function as a relative adverb (οὗ), meaning 'where' or 'when', indicating place or time, or as a relative genitive pronoun, meaning 'of whom' or 'of which'. The precise meaning depends on the context and the original diacritics.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a particle/adverb); Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter (as a relative pronoun)

Synonyms: ΜΗ, ΟΠΟΥ

Etymology: The negative particle οὐ (ou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ne, meaning 'not'. The relative adverb/pronoun οὗ (hou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-, a pronominal stem.

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: (to) this, (for) this, (by) this, (in) this, (with) this

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'this' or 'that'. In its dative singular form, as 'ΤΟΥΤΩ', it indicates the indirect object of an action, or the means, instrument, or location. It can be translated as 'to this', 'for this', 'by this', 'in this', or 'with this', depending on the context. It points to something specific that is near or recently mentioned.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

G2089

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: EH-tee

Translations: still, yet, even, besides, further, moreover, again, no longer

Notes: This word is an adverb used to indicate continuation, addition, or emphasis. It can mean 'still' or 'yet' when referring to something ongoing, 'further' or 'moreover' when adding information, or 'even' for emphasis. It can also be used with a negative to mean 'no longer' or 'not yet'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΤΙ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΡΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *eti, meaning 'beyond, in addition'. It is related to the English word 'et' (and).

G1248

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: dee-ap-TOH-sis

Translations: falling away, a falling away, failure, a failure, ruin, apostasy

Notes: This word is a compound noun, formed from the prefix 'διά' (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and 'πτῶσις' (ptōsis), meaning 'a fall' or 'a falling'. It refers to a falling away, a failure, or a ruin. It can describe a moral or spiritual decline, a defection, or a state of collapse. In some contexts, it specifically denotes apostasy, a renunciation of faith.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΤΑΣΙΑ, ΠΤΩΣΙΣ, ΚΑΤΑΠΤΩΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word is derived from the verb 'διαπίπτω' (diapiptō), meaning 'to fall through' or 'to fail'. The prefix 'διά-' (dia-) indicates separation or completion, and the root 'πίπτω' (piptō) means 'to fall'.

G1722

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: en-NOM

Translations: of Hinnom, of Gehenna

Notes: This word is a proper noun, likely a genitive form of 'Hinnom', referring to the Valley of Hinnom (Gehenna). The apostrophe at the end (coronis) indicates an elision, meaning a letter (likely an 'ου' or 'ος' ending) has been omitted for phonetic reasons, often before a vowel. In this context, it refers to the infamous valley outside Jerusalem, often associated with judgment and destruction.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: The name Hinnom is of Hebrew origin (H2011), referring to a valley south of Jerusalem. The Greek form is a transliteration of the Hebrew name.

G0235

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: ALL

Translations: but, yet, rather, on the contrary, however, moreover, indeed

Notes: This word is a conjunction or adverb used to introduce a contrast, an exception, or an emphasis. It often translates to 'but' or 'yet' when contrasting two ideas, or 'rather' when correcting a previous statement. It can also be used to add emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is an indeclinable particle.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other'. It is related to Latin alius and English 'else'.

G3588, G3739, G2228

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G1012

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: BOO-layn

Translations: counsel, a counsel, plan, a plan, purpose, a purpose, will, a will

Notes: This word refers to a counsel, plan, or purpose, often implying a deliberate decision or intention. It can be used to describe human plans or, frequently in the New Testament, the divine will or purpose of God. It is used in sentences to indicate the object of an action, such as 'to know the counsel' or 'to understand the plan'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΓΝΩΜΗ, ΣΥΜΒΟΥΛΙΑ, ΠΡΟΘΕΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΒΟΥΛΗ (boulē) comes from the verb βούλομαι (boulomai), meaning 'to will, to wish, to intend'. It refers to the act or result of willing or planning.

Part of Speech: Article

Sounds like: TAYN

Translations: the

Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for ΤΗΝ (TĒN), which is the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As an article, it always precedes the noun it modifies and agrees with it in gender, number, and case. In this form, it is used with feminine singular nouns in the accusative case.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from a demonstrative pronoun in Proto-Indo-European. It evolved to function as a definite article, specifying nouns.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-eh-roo-sa-LEEM

Translations: Jerusalem

Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for 'Jerusalem' (Ἱερουσαλήμ). It is a proper noun referring to the ancient city in the Middle East, significant in Jewish and Christian traditions. The overline indicates that it is an abbreviation, a common practice in ancient manuscripts to save space. The apostrophe at the end is a keraia, indicating that the word is being used as a numeral, specifically the number 18. However, given the context of ancient manuscripts, it is far more likely to be a scribal abbreviation for 'Jerusalem' with the keraia simply marking the end of the abbreviation or acting as a numeral.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The name 'Jerusalem' is of Semitic origin, likely meaning 'foundation of Shalem' or 'city of peace'. It is derived from Hebrew יְרוּשָׁלַיִם (Yerushalayim).

G2598

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-bah-LOH

Translations: I will throw down, I will cast down, I will overthrow, I will lay down, I will strike down, I will destroy

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb βάλλω (ballo), meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast'. Therefore, it literally means 'to throw down' or 'to cast down'. It is used to describe the act of bringing something or someone to the ground, often with force, implying defeat, destruction, or the laying of a foundation. It can refer to overthrowing an enemy, destroying structures, or even laying the foundation of a building.

Inflection: First Person Singular, Future Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΡΙΠΤΩ, ΚΑΘΑΙΡΩ, ΑΝΑΤΡΕΠΩ

Etymology: The verb καταβάλλω is formed from the prefix κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb βάλλω (ballo), meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast'.

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOOS

Translations: them, themselves, him, it, the same

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the pronoun 'ΑΥΤΟΣ' (autos). In this specific form, it is used to mean 'them' or 'themselves' when referring to masculine plural nouns in the accusative case. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', 'itself', or 'the same' depending on the context and agreement with the noun it modifies. When used as a personal pronoun, it often refers back to a previously mentioned noun.

Inflection: Accusative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΥΣ, ΣΦΑΣ

G1727

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: eh-NAN-tee

Translations: opposite, in front of, before, against, contrary to

Notes: This word functions as an adverb, indicating a position or direction that is opposite to something else, or a state of being contrary to something. It can be used to describe something located directly in front of another object or person, or to express opposition or antagonism towards someone or something. It often takes the genitive case when used as a preposition.

Inflection: Does not inflect (adverbial form of ΕΝΑΝΤΙΟΣ)

Synonyms: ΑΝΤΙ, ΚΑΤΕΝΑΝΤΙ, ΑΠΕΝΑΝΤΙ

Etymology: The word ΕΝΑΝΤΙΟΣ (from which ΕΝΑΝΤΙ is derived) comes from the prepositional prefix ΕΝ (in) and ΑΝΤΙ (against, opposite). It literally means 'in opposition' or 'in front of'.

G2212

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: zay-TOON-tone

Translations: (of) those seeking, (of) those searching, (of) those desiring, (of) those inquiring

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'ζητέω' (zēteō), meaning 'to seek,' 'to search for,' 'to desire,' or 'to inquire.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, describing an action or the one performing it. In this form, it refers to 'those who are seeking' or 'those who are searching.' It is often used to describe people actively engaged in a quest or pursuit, whether for knowledge, a person, or a specific outcome.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΖΗΤΕΩ, ΑΙΤΕΩ, ΕΡΕΥΝΑΩ

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: DOH-soh

Translations: I will give, I will grant, I will bestow, I will put, I will place

Notes: This word is the first person singular future active indicative form of the verb 'δίδωμι' (didomi), meaning 'to give'. It indicates an action that the speaker will perform in the future, such as 'I will give' or 'I will grant'. It is commonly used to express promises, intentions, or future actions of giving or providing something.

Inflection: Future Active Indicative, 1st Person Singular

Synonyms: ΔΩΣΕΙ, ΔΩΣΟΜΕΝ

Etymology: The word 'δίδωμι' (didomi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *deh₃- meaning 'to give'. It is a reduplicated present stem, a common feature in ancient Greek verbs.

G1093

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GAYS

Translations: (of) earth, (of) land, (of) ground, (of) world, (of) country, (of) region

Notes: This word refers to the earth, land, or ground. It can denote the physical soil, a specific territory or country, or the entire planet. As a genitive form, it indicates possession, origin, or the material from which something is made, often translated with 'of' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΑΓΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΓΗ (gē) comes from Proto-Hellenic *gā́, which itself is from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁- ('earth').

G4172

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: POH-lin

Translations: city, a city

Notes: The word 'πόλιν' is the accusative singular form of the noun 'πόλις', meaning 'city'. It refers to a populated place, typically larger than a village, with a defined administrative structure. As an accusative case, it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions, indicating the destination or the object being acted upon. For example, one might 'go into the city' or 'see the city'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The word 'πόλις' comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to a fortified place or citadel. It developed to mean a city-state in ancient Greece, encompassing both the physical settlement and its citizens.

G0006

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-fah-nis-MON

Translations: destruction, disappearance, a disappearance, a destruction

Notes: This noun refers to the act or state of disappearing, vanishing, or being destroyed. It implies a complete removal from sight or existence, often with a sense of ruin or obliteration.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΠΩΛΕΙΑ, ΟΛΕΘΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word derives from the verb APHANIZO (G0005), meaning 'to make unseen, to destroy', which itself comes from APHANES (G0004), meaning 'unseen, hidden', combining 'a' (negative particle) and PHAINO (G5316), meaning 'to appear, to shine'.

G4700

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: soo-rig-MON

Translations: hissing, a hissing, whistling, a whistling sound, derision, a derisive whistling

Notes: This word refers to the act or sound of hissing or whistling. It is often used to describe a sound of derision, scorn, or lamentation, similar to a mocking whistle or a mournful sigh. It can also refer to the sound of a pipe or flute.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΥΡΙΓΜΟΣ, ΣΥΡΙΓΞ

Etymology: The word ΣΥΡΙΓΜΟΣ (syrigmos) comes from the verb συρίζω (syrizō), meaning 'to pipe, to whistle, to hiss'. It is related to the noun σύριγξ (syrinx), which refers to a shepherd's pipe or panpipes.

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PAS

Translations: all, every, whole, any, a whole

Notes: This word means 'all', 'every', or 'whole'. It is used to indicate totality or completeness. It can refer to every single item in a group, or the entirety of something. For example, 'all people' or 'the whole house'. It often takes on the meaning of 'every' when used with a singular noun, and 'all' when used with a plural noun. It can also mean 'any' in certain contexts.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words meaning 'all' or 'every' in various Indo-European languages.

G4198

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: por-YOO-oh-men-os

Translations: going, walking, traveling, proceeding, a traveler, one who goes

Notes: This word is a present participle, meaning 'going' or 'walking'. It describes an action that is currently happening or ongoing. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or substantively, acting as a noun itself (e.g., 'the one who is going'). It is often used to describe someone moving from one place to another, or metaphorically, to describe a course of action or way of life.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive Voice, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΒΑΙΝΩ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΟΔΕΥΩ

Etymology: The word πορεύομαι (poreuomai) is derived from πόρος (poros), meaning 'a way, a passage, a ford'. It signifies movement along a path or journey.

G3855

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pa-ra-por-YOO-oh-men-os

Translations: passing by, going alongside, one who passes by, one who goes alongside

Notes: This word is a present participle, meaning 'passing by' or 'going alongside'. It describes an action that is currently happening or habitually occurs. It is a compound word formed from 'παρά' (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and 'πορεύομαι' (poreuomai), meaning 'to go' or 'to journey'. It is often used to describe someone who is moving past a particular place or person.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative, Present, Middle/Passive Participle

Synonyms: ΔΙΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΕΡΙΠΑΤΕΩ

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: ep-EE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, by, in, for, in addition to, besides, after, during, when, because of, concerning

Notes: This word is a common Koine Greek preposition that can also function as an adverb or a prefix. Its meaning is highly dependent on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'on, upon, over' (of place or time), 'in the time of', or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'on, upon, at' (of place), 'in addition to', 'for the purpose of', or 'because of'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'on, upon, to' (indicating motion towards), 'against', 'over' (of authority), or 'for' (of purpose). As a prefix, it generally adds the meaning of 'upon', 'over', 'to', or 'in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΠΑΡΑ, ΥΠΕΡ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.

G5228

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-PER

Translations: over, above, for, on behalf of, concerning, beyond, more than

Notes: ΥΠΕΡ is a Koine Greek preposition. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often means 'on behalf of', 'for the sake of', 'concerning', or 'instead of'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'over', 'above', 'beyond', or 'more than', often indicating position or motion.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΙ, ΠΕΡΙ, ΑΝΤΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *uperi, meaning 'over, above'. It is cognate with English 'over' and Latin 'super'.

G2068

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-DON-teh

Translations: eating, devouring, consuming, to eat, to devour, to consume

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'ΕΣΘΙΩ' (esthio), meaning 'to eat' or 'to devour'. It describes the action of consuming food or, metaphorically, destroying or consuming something. In the provided context, it appears to be used in the sense of 'devouring' or 'eating' people or their produce, indicating a destructive or consuming action. The form 'ΕΔΟΝΤΕ' is a variant spelling or a specific inflection that aligns with the aorist active participle or a future indicative form, depending on the full context and potential diacritics.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative/Accusative, Masculine/Neuter, Plural (variant of ΕΔΟΝΤΕΣ); or a variant of Future Indicative, 3rd Person Plural (ΕΔΟΝΤΑΙ)

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΣΘΙΩ, ΒΙΒΡΩΣΚΩ

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-DON-tai

Translations: they will be given, they will be delivered, they will be granted

Notes: This word is the third person plural future passive indicative form of the verb δίδωμι (didomi), meaning 'to give' or 'to deliver'. It indicates an action that will happen to the subject, where they are the recipients of the giving or delivery. For example, 'they will be given into the hands of...' or 'they will be delivered up'.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Future, Passive, Indicative

Synonyms: ΔΟΘΗΣΟΝΤΑΙ, ΠΑΡΑΔΟΘΗΣΟΝΤΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the concept of giving or placing.

G4139

Part of Speech: Adverb, Noun

Sounds like: PLAY-see-on

Translations: near, nearby, neighbor, a neighbor, one's neighbor

Notes: This word primarily functions as an adverb meaning 'near' or 'nearby', indicating proximity in space or time. It can also be used substantively as a noun, typically in the neuter singular, to refer to 'one's neighbor' or 'the person next to you'. When used as a noun, it often refers to a fellow human being, emphasizing a relationship of proximity or community.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an adverb); Neuter, Singular (when used substantively as a noun)

Synonyms: ΕΓΓΥΣ, ΠΑΡΑΠΛΗΣΙΟΝ

G4042

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: peh-ree-O-khee

Translations: circuit, a circuit, compass, a compass, passage, a passage, section, a section, portion, a portion, enclosure, an enclosure, boundary, a boundary, region, a region

Notes: This word refers to a surrounding area, a circuit, or a boundary. It can also denote a specific passage or section of text, particularly in a scroll or book. In a spatial sense, it describes a region or an enclosed space. It is used to describe a physical area or a segment of written material.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΥΚΛΟΣ, ΤΟΠΟΣ, ΜΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From the Greek verb περιέχω (periechō), meaning "to encompass, surround, contain." It combines περί (peri), meaning "around," and ἔχω (echō), meaning "to have, hold."

G4147

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: po-lee-OR-kee-ah

Translations: siege, a siege

Notes: This word refers to the act of besieging a city or fortress, or the state of being under siege. It describes the military operation of surrounding a place and cutting off its supplies to compel its surrender. It is a compound word derived from 'πόλις' (polis, city) and 'ἔργον' (ergon, work/deed), literally meaning 'city-work' or 'city-deed'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΟΧΗ, ΠΟΛΙΟΡΚΗΣΙΣ

Etymology: From the verb πολιορκέω (poliorkeō, to besiege), which is a compound of πόλις (polis, city) and ἔργον (ergon, work, deed). It literally means 'city-work' or 'city-deed', referring to the act of besieging a city.

G4155

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pol-yor-KAY-soo-sin

Translations: will besiege, will lay siege to

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to besiege' or 'to lay siege to'. It describes the act of surrounding a place with armed forces to compel its surrender. It is used in the future tense, indicating an action that will happen.

Inflection: Future, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural

Etymology: The word is a compound of two Greek words: πόλις (polis), meaning 'city', and ἕρκος (herkos), meaning 'fence' or 'enclosure'. Thus, it literally means 'to fence in a city'.

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: kat

Translations: according to, in, by, against, down from, concerning, throughout, during

Notes: This word is an elided form of the Koine Greek preposition ΚΑΤΑ (kata). The apostrophe (coronis) indicates that the final vowel 'alpha' has been dropped, usually before a word beginning with a vowel. ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition whose meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it can mean 'against' or 'down from'. When used with the accusative case, it often means 'according to', 'throughout', 'during', or 'by'. In the provided examples, 'ΚΑΤʼ ΟΝΑΡ' means 'according to a dream' or 'in a dream'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition), but its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs (Genitive or Accusative). The form ΚΑΤʼ is an elided form of ΚΑΤΑ.

Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΑ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is a very common and ancient Greek preposition.

G1607

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ek-por-yoo-OH-men-ohn

Translations: of going out, of coming out, of proceeding, of issuing forth

Notes: This word is the genitive plural masculine, feminine, or neuter participle of the verb 'ekporeuomai'. It describes something or someone that is in the process of going out, coming forth, or proceeding from a place or source. It is often used to indicate movement away from something.

Inflection: Participle, Present, Middle/Passive, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G3004

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: LEH-goh

Translations: say, speak, tell, call, mean

Notes: The word 'ΛΕ' appears to be a misspelling or an incomplete form of 'ΛΕΓΩΝ' (legon), which is the present active participle of the verb 'ΛΕΓΩ' (lego). The verb 'ΛΕΓΩ' means 'to say,' 'to speak,' 'to tell,' or 'to call.' It is a very common verb used to introduce direct or indirect speech, or to describe the act of communicating verbally. In the provided context, 'ΛΕΓΩΝ' would mean 'saying' or 'speaking'.

Inflection: Likely a misspelling or incomplete form of a participle (e.g., Present, Active, Masculine, Nominative, Singular) or another inflected form of the verb 'ΛΕΓΩ'.

Synonyms: ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΦΗΜΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. The root 'ΛΕΓΩ' means 'to gather, collect, count, say'.

G2531

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: KAH-thohss

Translations: just as, even as, according as, as, exactly as, in proportion as, like, according to, inasmuch as

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the preposition κατά (kata, meaning 'down' or 'according to') and the adverb ὡς (hōs, meaning 'as' or 'how'). It functions as an adverb or conjunction, primarily used to introduce a comparison, indicating that something is done or happens in the same way as something else. It can also express correspondence or proportion, meaning 'inasmuch as' or 'to the extent that'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΑ

Etymology: From the Greek preposition κατά (kata, 'down, according to') and the adverb ὡς (hōs, 'as, how').

G4937

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-TREE-beh-teh

Translations: break, shatter, crush, bruise, destroy, you break, you shatter, you crush, you bruise, you destroy

Notes: This word means to break completely, shatter, crush, or bruise. It implies a forceful and thorough destruction or injury. It can be used literally, such as breaking an object, or figuratively, as in crushing someone's spirit or power. In its imperative form, it commands a group of people to perform this action. In its indicative form, it states that a group of people are performing or will perform this action.

Inflection: Second Person, Plural, Present, Active, Indicative or Imperative

Synonyms: ΘΛΑΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΝΥΜΙ, ΡΗΓΝΥΜΙ

Etymology: The word συντρίβω (syntribo) is a compound verb formed from the preposition σύν (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb τρίβω (tribo), meaning 'to rub', 'to wear out', or 'to grind'. Thus, it literally means 'to rub together' or 'to grind together', leading to the sense of crushing or breaking completely.

G4937

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-TREE-beh-tai

Translations: is broken, is crushed, is shattered, is bruised

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the preposition ΣΥΝ (together with) and the verb ΤΡΙΒΩ (to rub, wear out, break). It means to be broken into pieces, to be crushed, or to be shattered. It is often used to describe something being completely destroyed or severely damaged. It can also be used metaphorically to describe a person's spirit or heart being broken or bruised.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΘΛΑΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΝΥΜΙ, ΡΗΓΝΥΜΙ

G2390

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-ah-THEE-nai

Translations: to be healed, to be cured, to be restored

Notes: This word is the aorist passive infinitive form of the verb 'iaomai', meaning 'to heal' or 'to cure'. It describes the action of being healed or restored to health, often in a spiritual or physical sense. It is used to express the purpose or result of an action, indicating that someone or something is to be healed.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΘΕΡΑΠΕΥΘΗΝΑΙ, ΣΩΘΗΝΑΙ

Etymology: The word 'iaomai' is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the Greek word 'ia' (healing). It has been used since ancient times to refer to the act of healing or curing.

G3754

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: doth-AY-nay

Translations: to be given, to be granted, to be delivered

Notes: This word is the aorist passive infinitive form of the verb 'δίδωμι' (didomi), meaning 'to give'. It indicates an action of being given or granted, without specifying the giver, and functions as an infinitive, often used to express purpose or result. The spelling 'ΔΟΘΗΝΕ' is a common variant or misspelling found in ancient manuscripts for 'δοθῆναι' (dothēnai).

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΠΑΡΑΔΙΔΩΜΙ

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: doh-THEE-nai

Translations: to be given, to be granted, to be bestowed

Notes: This word is the aorist passive infinitive form of the verb 'δίδωμι' (didomi), meaning 'to give'. Therefore, 'δοθῆναι' means 'to be given' or 'to be granted'. It describes an action of receiving something without specifying who is doing the giving. It is often used in constructions where the subject of the main verb is the recipient of the action.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΕΙΝ, ΠΑΡΕΧΕΣΘΑΙ

Etymology: The word 'δίδωμι' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to give'. It is a reduplicated present tense verb, characteristic of many ancient Indo-European languages.

G5613

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G1227

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: dee-ah-PIP-too-san

Translations: falling through, falling down, failing, perishing, falling away, falling

Notes: This word describes something that is falling through, falling down, or failing. It can refer to a physical fall, or more metaphorically to something that is perishing, failing, or falling away, such as a promise or a hope. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing a noun, or like an adverb, modifying a verb.

Inflection: Present, Active, Feminine, Accusative, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΙΠΤΩ, ΑΠΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ΚΑΤΑΠΙΠΤΩ

G1093

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GAYN

Translations: earth, an earth, land, a land, ground, a ground, country, a country, region, a region

Notes: ΓΗΝ is the accusative singular form of the noun ΓΗ, meaning 'earth', 'land', 'ground', 'country', or 'region'. It is used to indicate the direct object of a verb or the destination of motion, often translated as 'to the earth' or 'into the land' depending on the context and accompanying prepositions. It can refer to the planet, a specific territory, or the soil itself.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΓΕΑ

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-eh-roo-sah-LEM

Translations: Jerusalem

Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for the proper noun 'Jerusalem'. It refers to the ancient city in the Middle East, which holds significant religious importance for Jews, Christians, and Muslims. In the provided examples, it is used in contexts like 'in the streets of Jerusalem', 'pour out upon Jerusalem', and 'those who dwell in Jerusalem'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative or Genitive or Dative (depending on the full form of the abbreviation)

Etymology: The name 'Jerusalem' is of Semitic origin, likely meaning 'foundation of Shalem' or 'city of peace'. It is derived from ancient West Semitic roots.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: hee-eh-roo-sah-LEM

Translations: Jerusalem

Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for Ἱερουσαλήμ (Hierousalem), which is the Greek name for Jerusalem, a significant city in ancient Israel. It refers to the capital city of Judea, known for its religious and historical importance. The overline indicates that it is a contracted form of the word, and the apostrophe (keraia) at the end confirms it as a numerical value, specifically 18, which is sometimes used to represent Jerusalem in a symbolic or abbreviated manner in some manuscripts. However, in this context, it primarily functions as an abbreviation for the city's name.

Inflection: Singular, Feminine

Etymology: The name Jerusalem is of Semitic origin, likely meaning 'foundation of Shalem' or 'city of peace'. It is a very ancient name, appearing in various forms throughout history.

G1492

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: OY-dah

Translations: I know, I have seen, I have perceived, I understand, I am aware

Notes: This word is an ancient perfect tense form of the verb 'to see' (ΟΡΑΩ), but it functions with a present meaning, signifying 'to know' or 'to have seen and therefore know'. It describes a state of knowledge or understanding derived from observation or experience. It is often used to express a deep, experiential knowledge rather than mere intellectual acquaintance.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Perfect Indicative Active (with present meaning)

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ

Etymology: The word ΟΙΔΑ is a perfect tense form of the verb ΟΡΑΩ (to see), but it has taken on a present meaning of 'to know'. Its form is irregular, stemming from an ancient Indo-European root meaning 'to see' or 'to know'.

G1227, G4098

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: dee-ah-PIP-tone

Translations: falling through, falling away, falling down, failing, perishing

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'falling through' or 'falling away'. It describes something that is in the process of falling or failing. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ΔΙΑ (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and the verb ΠΙΠΤΩ (pipto), meaning 'to fall'. Thus, it conveys the idea of falling completely, falling apart, or failing.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΠΙΠΤΩΝ, ΑΠΟΠΙΠΤΩΝ, ΕΚΠΙΠΤΩΝ

Part of Speech: Adjective, Article

Sounds like: TES

Translations: all, every, whole, any, each, the

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the Koine Greek word 'πᾶς' (pas), meaning 'all', 'every', or 'whole'. Without diacritics, 'ΤΕΣ' most commonly represents the feminine plural nominative, accusative, or vocative form of 'πᾶς', which would be 'πᾶσαι' (pasai) or 'πάσας' (pasas) or 'πᾶσες' (pases) in modern Greek. It can also function as a part of the definite article, 'ταῖς' (tais), meaning 'the' (feminine plural dative), or 'τῆς' (tes), meaning 'of the' (feminine singular genitive). In context, it typically refers to a group of feminine nouns, indicating that 'all' or 'every' member of that group is included. For example, 'all women' or 'every city'.

Inflection: Feminine, Plural, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative (from πᾶς); or Feminine, Plural, Dative (from ὁ); or Feminine, Singular, Genitive (from ὁ)

Synonyms: ΑΠΑΣ, ΟΛΟΣ

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: pa-SAIS

Translations: to all, for all, with all, by all, all

Notes: This word means 'all', 'every', or 'whole'. It is used to indicate the totality or entirety of something. As an adjective, it agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies. In this form, it is used with feminine plural nouns in the dative case, often indicating the means, instrument, or indirect object.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ

Etymology: The word ΠΑΣ (pas) comes from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (to protect, pasture, feed). It developed into the sense of 'all' or 'every' in Greek.

G1510, G1519

Part of Speech: Verb, Preposition

Sounds like: ES

Translations: is, are, into, to, for, toward, among, in, a

Notes: The word "ΕΣ" is a highly ambiguous form in Koine Greek, often representing either a contracted or archaic form of the verb "to be" (from ΕΙΜΙ) or a preposition meaning "into" (from ΕΙΣ). When it functions as a verb, it typically means "is" or "are," indicating existence or a state of being. When it functions as a preposition, it denotes movement or direction towards something, or a state of being within something. It can also indicate purpose or result. Its precise meaning depends heavily on the surrounding words and context.

Inflection: Third Person Singular Present Indicative (from ΕΙΜΙ), Preposition (from ΕΙΣ)

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΣ

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PAH-see

Translations: (to) all, (to) every, (to) whole, (to) any, (of) all, (of) every, (of) whole, (of) any

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all,' 'every,' 'whole,' or 'any.' It is used to describe a quantity or entirety. For example, it can be used with a noun to mean 'all the people' or 'every house.' In the provided examples, 'ΠΑΣΗ ΧΩΡΑ' means 'in every land' or 'in all the land,' indicating its use to modify a feminine singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine; or Singular, Genitive, Feminine; or Plural, Nominative, Neuter; or Plural, Accusative, Neuter; or Plural, Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'all' or 'every.'

G4756

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: strah-TEE-ah

Translations: army, host, a host

Notes: This word refers to an army, a military force, or a large group of people, often a heavenly host. It is commonly used to describe a body of soldiers or a multitude of individuals acting together. For example, it can refer to the 'army of heaven' or a human military force.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΤΡΑΤΕΥΜΑ, ΔΥΝΑΜΙΣ, ΠΛΗΘΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΣΤΡΑΤΙΑ (stratia) comes from the Greek word στρατός (stratos), meaning 'encampment' or 'army'. It refers to a body of soldiers or a host.

G2302

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: es-PI-san

Translations: they prophesied, they foretold, they declared, they decreed

Notes: This word is the 3rd person plural aorist active indicative form of the verb 'θεσπίζω' (thespizo). It means 'to prophesy,' 'to foretell,' 'to declare,' or 'to decree.' It describes an action completed in the past by a group of people, often with a sense of divine inspiration or authority. For example, 'they prophesied about the future' or 'they decreed a law.'

Inflection: 3rd Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΦΗΤΕΥΩ, ΜΑΝΤΕΥΟΜΑΙ, ΚΗΡΥΣΣΩ

Etymology: The word 'θεσπίζω' (thespizo) is derived from 'θέσπις' (thespis), meaning 'divinely speaking' or 'inspired by God.' It is related to 'θεός' (theos), meaning 'God,' and 'φημί' (phemi), meaning 'to speak' or 'to say.'

G2064

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EEL-then

Translations: he came, she came, it came, he went, she went, it went

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'he/she/it came' or 'he/she/it went'. It is the third person singular aorist indicative active form of the verb 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai), which means 'to come' or 'to go'. It describes a completed action of movement in the past.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΗΚΕΝ, ΕΒΗ

Etymology: The verb 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to move' or 'to go'.

G1282

G3588, G3739, G3778, G5101

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: dee-ap-TOH-seh-ohs

Translations: of a fall, of a failure, of a lapse, of a downfall

Notes: This word refers to a fall, a failure, a lapse, or a downfall. It describes the act of falling from a previous state or position, often implying a moral or spiritual decline, or a failure to meet an expectation. It is used to indicate the source or origin of something related to a fall or failure.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΤΩΣΙΣ, ΑΠΟΠΤΩΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΔΙΑΠΤΩΣΙΣ (diaptōsis) is a compound word formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and the noun πτῶσις (ptōsis), meaning 'a fall'. Thus, it literally means 'a falling through' or 'a complete fall'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: HAYS

Translations: (of) the, (of) who, (of) which, (of) this, (of) that, (of) what

Notes: The word "ΗΣ" is a versatile form in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as the genitive singular for masculine and feminine nouns. It can be the genitive singular of the definite article 'the', indicating possession or relationship. It can also be the genitive singular of the relative pronoun 'who/which', connecting clauses, or the demonstrative pronoun 'this/that', pointing to something specific. Additionally, it can be the genitive singular of the interrogative pronoun 'what/who', used in questions.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine

G649

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-PEH-steh-len

Translations: he sent, he sent away, he dispatched

Notes: This word describes the action of sending someone or something away, often with a specific purpose or mission. It implies a delegation of authority or a dispatching from one place to another. It is frequently used in the context of sending messengers, apostles, or even objects.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΠΕΜΠΩ, ΕΞΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ

Etymology: The word ἀποστέλλω (apostellō) is a compound word formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb στέλλω (stellō), meaning 'to send' or 'to prepare'. Thus, it literally means 'to send away from'.

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TON

Translations: him, it, them, himself, itself, the same

Notes: This word is an inflection of the pronoun 'ΑΥΤΟΣ'. It can function as a personal pronoun meaning 'him' or 'it' (singular), or 'them' (plural). It can also be used as an intensive pronoun, meaning 'himself' or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. Additionally, when used with an article, it can function as an adjective meaning 'the same'. Its meaning depends on the context and whether it's used alone or with an article.

Inflection: Accusative, Masculine or Neuter, Singular; or Accusative, Masculine, Plural

G4395

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: proh-fay-TEV-seh

Translations: he prophesied, she prophesied, it prophesied, to prophesy, to foretell, to speak under divine inspiration

Notes: This word means to prophesy, to foretell future events, or to speak under divine inspiration. It describes the act of delivering a message from God or a deity, often involving predictions about the future or divine guidance. It is used to describe the actions of prophets.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΜΑΝΤΕΥΟΜΑΙ, ΧΡΗΣΜΩΔΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΦΗΤΕΥΩ (propheteuō) is derived from ΠΡΟΦΗΤΗΣ (prophētēs), meaning 'prophet'. This in turn comes from πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'for', and φημί (phēmi), meaning 'to speak'. Thus, it literally means 'to speak for' or 'to speak before', referring to speaking on behalf of a deity or foretelling events.

G2543

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: KEH

Translations: perhaps, maybe, possibly, would, might, could

Notes: ΚΕ is an enclitic particle, a shortened form of ΚΕΝ or ΑΝ, used to express possibility, contingency, or indefiniteness. It is typically found with the subjunctive or optative moods, indicating that an action 'might' or 'would' happen under certain conditions. It can also be used to form indefinite pronouns or adverbs, such as 'whoever' or 'wherever'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΝ

Etymology: The particle ΚΕΝ (of which ΚΕ is a shortened form) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the demonstrative pronoun ΚΕῖνος (KEINOS) meaning 'that one'.

G0833

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: OW-lay

Translations: courtyard, court, palace, sheepfold, fold, house

Notes: This word refers to an open space, typically a courtyard or an enclosed area. It can denote the courtyard of a house or palace, a sheepfold where sheep are kept, or even metaphorically, a house or dwelling. Its meaning is determined by the context in which it is used.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΙΑ, ΟΙΚΟΣ, ΜΑΝΔΡΑ

Etymology: The word 'ΑΥΛΗ' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂ew- meaning 'to dwell, to live'. It originally referred to a dwelling or a place of shelter, evolving to mean an enclosed space like a courtyard or a sheepfold.

G3624

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: oy-KOO

Translations: of a house, of a home, of a household, of a family, of a temple, of a dwelling

Notes: This word is a noun referring to a house, home, or dwelling place. It can also refer to a household, family, or even a temple. In its genitive form, as seen here, it indicates possession or origin, often translated with 'of' or 'belonging to'. It is used to describe the place where people live or a group of people living together.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΙΑ, ΟΙΚΗΜΑ, ΟΙΚΗΣΙΣ

G4172

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: POH-lis

Translations: city, a city, town, a town

Notes: The word 'polis' refers to a city or town, a populated center where people live and gather. In ancient contexts, it often implied a self-governing city-state, but in Koine Greek, it frequently refers simply to any significant urban settlement. It is used to denote the physical location and its inhabitants.

Inflection: Singular, Feminine, Nominative or Vocative

Synonyms: ΚΩΜΗ, ΧΩΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (to fill) or *pel- (to build, to enclose). It refers to a fortified place or a populated area.

G0537

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-PAN-tah

Translations: all, every, the whole, all things, everything

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all' or 'every'. It can refer to a complete group or quantity. It is often used to emphasize the totality of something, such as 'all people' or 'all time'. When used in the neuter plural, it can be translated as 'all things' or 'everything'.

Inflection: Accusative, Masculine or Feminine, Plural; or Nominative or Accusative, Neuter, Singular or Plural

Synonyms: ΠΑΣ, ΟΛΟΣ, ΣΥΜΠΑΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΠΑΣ (apas) is a compound word formed from the prefix Α- (a-), meaning 'together' or 'completely', and ΠΑΣ (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'.

G4645

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: es-klee-ROO-nan

Translations: they hardened, they made hard, they became hard, they stiffened

Notes: This verb describes the act of making something hard or becoming hard, often used metaphorically to refer to a hardening of the heart or mind, indicating stubbornness or resistance to divine influence. It implies a deliberate act of making oneself unyielding or insensitive.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΠΩΡΟΩ, ΣΚΛΗΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word derives from the adjective σκληρός (sklēros), meaning 'hard' or 'harsh'. The verb form indicates the process of becoming or making something hard.

G846

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: OW-kheh-nah

Translations: neck, a neck

Notes: This word refers to the neck, the part of the body connecting the head to the torso. It is often used literally to describe the physical neck. In some contexts, it can be used metaphorically to represent stubbornness or resistance, as in 'stiff-necked' people who refuse to obey.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΤΡΑΧΗΛΟϹ

Etymology: The word 'ΑΥΧΗΝ' (auchēn) is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be related to the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂eug- meaning 'to increase, to grow'.

G3361