2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ep-ee-ka-TA-ra-tos

Translations: cursed, accursed, a cursed one

Notes: This word describes someone or something that is under a curse, or has been declared accursed. It signifies being subject to divine or human condemnation, often implying a state of being utterly detestable or doomed. It is used to emphasize a strong sense of disapproval or a pronouncement of judgment.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΡΑΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the prefix 'ΕΠΙ' (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'over', and 'ΚΑΤΑΡΑΤΟΣ' (kataratos), which means 'cursed'. 'ΚΑΤΑΡΑΤΟΣ' itself comes from 'ΚΑΤΑΡΑ' (katara), meaning 'a curse', and 'ΚΑΤΑΡΑΟΜΑΙ' (kataraomai), 'to curse'. The prefix intensifies the meaning of being cursed.

G0444

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: AHN-throh-pohs

Translations: man, a man, human being, a human being, person, a person, mankind, humanity

Notes: This word refers to a human being, a person, or mankind in general. It is a common noun used to denote any individual of the human species, regardless of gender, though it is often translated as 'man' in a generic sense. It can be used to distinguish humans from God or from animals.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΒΡΟΤΟΣ, ΤΙΣ

Etymology: The word "ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ" is of uncertain origin, but it is an ancient Greek term for a human being. Some theories suggest it may be related to words meaning "upward-looking" or "earth-faced."

G3739

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Conjunction

Sounds like: HOS

Translations: who, which, what, that, as, how, when

Notes: The word 'ΟΣ' is a versatile relative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'who,' 'which,' or 'that,' depending on the context and the gender, number, and case it agrees with. It introduces a relative clause, linking it to a preceding noun or pronoun. It can also function as a conjunction, meaning 'as,' 'how,' or 'when,' indicating manner or time.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Etymology: The word 'ΟΣ' is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has been a fundamental part of the Greek language's grammatical structure for millennia, serving to connect clauses and introduce relative information.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: ep-EE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, by, in, for, in addition to, besides, after, during, when, because of, concerning

Notes: This word is a common Koine Greek preposition that can also function as an adverb or a prefix. Its meaning is highly dependent on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'on, upon, over' (of place or time), 'in the time of', or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'on, upon, at' (of place), 'in addition to', 'for the purpose of', or 'because of'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'on, upon, to' (indicating motion towards), 'against', 'over' (of authority), or 'for' (of purpose). As a prefix, it generally adds the meaning of 'upon', 'over', 'to', or 'in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΠΑΡΑ, ΥΠΕΡ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.

G0444

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: AN-thro-pon

Translations: man, a man, human being, a human being, person, a person

Notes: This word refers to a human being, a man, or mankind in general. It is used broadly to denote any individual of the human species, regardless of gender, though it often translates to 'man' in English. It can refer to a specific person or to humanity as a whole. In the provided examples, it refers to a 'Roman man' and a 'cursed man', illustrating its use for individual persons.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Accusative

Synonyms: ΒΡΟΤΟϹ, ΑΝΗΡ

Etymology: The word ἄνθρωπος (anthrōpos) is of uncertain origin, but it is an ancient Greek term for 'human being' or 'man'. It is thought to be a compound word, possibly related to 'face' or 'upward-looking', but its precise etymology is debated.

G2532

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G4741

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: stee-REE-say

Translations: will strengthen, will establish, will support, will fix, will set, will confirm

Notes: This word is the future active indicative form of the verb 'stērizō'. It means to strengthen, establish, or support something or someone. It implies making something firm, stable, or secure, or confirming a person in their faith or purpose. It can be used in contexts of physical support, moral encouragement, or spiritual confirmation.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Future, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΒΕΒΑΙΩ, ΕΔΡΑΖΩ, ΚΡΑΤΥΝΩ

G1023

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: bra-KHEE-oh-nos

Translations: of arm, of strength, of power, of might

Notes: This word refers to the arm, specifically from the shoulder to the hand. In a figurative sense, it is often used to denote strength, power, or might, especially when referring to divine power or intervention. It is a masculine noun.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΜΙΣ, ΙΣΧΥΣ, ΚΡΑΤΟΣ

Etymology: From an uncertain root, possibly related to βραχύς (brachys), meaning 'short', referring to the forearm as the 'short' part of the arm compared to the upper arm.

G0575

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: AH-po

Translations: from, away from, by, of, out of, because of, by means of

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates separation, origin, or cause. It is always followed by a noun or pronoun in the genitive case. It can mean 'from' in the sense of moving away from a place, 'from' in the sense of origin or source, or 'by' when indicating the agent or cause of an action.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *apo- 'off, away'. It is cognate with Latin ab and English off.

G0868

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-PEH-stay

Translations: he departed, she departed, it departed, he withdrew, she withdrew, it withdrew, he stood away, she stood away, it stood away, he revolted, she revolted, it revolted

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'aphistēmi'. It describes an action that occurred in the past, indicating that someone or something departed, withdrew, or stood away. It can also imply a sense of revolt or defection.

Inflection: Singular, 3rd Person, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΑΠΕΛΘΕΝ, ΑΝΕΧΩΡΗΣΕΝ

Etymology: The verb 'aphistēmi' is a compound word formed from the preposition 'apo' (ἀπό), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb 'histēmi' (ἵστημι), meaning 'to stand'. Thus, its core meaning is 'to stand away from'.

G0868

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-pos-TEE

Translations: to depart, to withdraw, to fall away, to revolt, to stand away, to keep away, to remove, to separate

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'aphistēmi', meaning to depart or withdraw. It describes the act of moving away from something or someone, often implying a separation, defection, or rebellion. It can be used in contexts ranging from physical departure to spiritual or political apostasy.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Subjunctive, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ΑΝΑΧΩΡΕΩ, ΕΚΚΛΙΝΩ

G3588, G3739, G2228

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G2588

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kar-DEE-ah

Translations: heart, a heart, mind, soul, inner self, understanding, conscience, will, affections

Notes: This word refers to the physical organ, the heart, but more commonly in Koine Greek, it signifies the center of one's being, including thoughts, emotions, will, and moral character. It is often used metaphorically to represent the inner person, the seat of understanding and decision-making. The keraia (ʼ) at the end indicates that this word is being used as a numeral, representing the number 21. However, given the context, it is highly probable that the keraia is a scribal mark or a misinterpretation, and the word itself is intended to be 'ΚΑΡΔΙΑ' (kardia), meaning 'heart'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΨΥΧΗ, ΝΟΥΣ, ΠΝΕΥΜΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It refers to the physical heart, but its meaning expanded in ancient Greek to encompass the inner self and mind.

G1510

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ES-tai

Translations: will be, shall be, it will be, it shall be

Notes: This word is the third person singular future indicative form of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It signifies an action or state that will occur in the future. It is commonly used to express future existence, occurrence, or a future state of being, often translated as 'will be' or 'shall be'. For example, 'it will be done' or 'he will be there'.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Future, Indicative, Middle/Passive (deponent in future)

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (to be). It is a very ancient and fundamental verb in the Greek language, tracing its roots back to the earliest stages of Indo-European.

G5613

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-gree-oh-my-REE-kee

Translations: tamarisk, a tamarisk, wild tamarisk

Notes: This word refers to the tamarisk tree, specifically a wild variety. It is a compound word formed from 'ΑΓΡΙΟΣ' (wild) and 'ΜΥΡΙΚΗ' (tamarisk), indicating a species of tamarisk that grows in uncultivated areas, often found in deserts or arid regions.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Etymology: This is a compound word derived from the Koine Greek 'ΑΓΡΙΟΣ' (wild, savage) and 'ΜΥΡΙΚΗ' (tamarisk tree). 'ΜΥΡΙΚΗ' itself is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek.

G1722

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EN

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at, into, to

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its primary meaning is 'in' or 'within,' indicating location, time, or state. It always takes the dative case. Depending on the context, it can also be translated as 'on,' 'among,' 'with' (indicating accompaniment or instrument), 'by' (indicating means or agent), or 'at.' Sometimes it can imply motion into a place, similar to 'into' or 'to,' especially when the context suggests movement towards a location where something then resides.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It is cognate with English 'in'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G2049

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-reh-MOH

Translations: to make desolate, to lay waste, to destroy, to devastate, to leave desolate

Notes: This verb means to make something desolate, to lay it waste, or to destroy it. It describes the act of causing a place or thing to become empty, deserted, or ruined. It can be used to describe the destruction of cities, lands, or even the desolation of a person's life or spirit.

Inflection: First Person Singular, Present Active Indicative

Synonyms: ΑΦΑΝΙΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΥΩ, ΔΙΑΦΘΕΙΡΩ

Etymology: From ἔρημος (erēmos), meaning 'desolate, solitary, desert'. The verb form means to make something desolate.

G3756

Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express negation. It typically precedes a word beginning with a vowel or is used at the end of a clause. It is used to deny a fact or to express a strong prohibition. It is often used with verbs to negate their action, meaning 'not' or 'no'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ, ΟΥΧΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a primary negative particle in Ancient Greek, related to similar negative particles in other Indo-European languages.

G3708

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: OP-seh-tai

Translations: he will see, she will see, it will see

Notes: This word is a future tense form of the verb 'to see'. It indicates an action of seeing that will happen in the future, performed by a singular subject (he, she, or it). It is commonly used to describe the act of perceiving with the eyes or understanding with the mind.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Future, Indicative, Middle/Passive

Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ

Etymology: The root verb ΟΡΑΩ (horaō) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to see'.

G3752

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OH-tan

Translations: when, whenever, as often as, at the time that

Notes: This word is a conjunction or adverb used to introduce a temporal clause, indicating a point in time or a condition. It means 'when' or 'whenever,' suggesting that something happens at a specific moment or repeatedly under certain circumstances. It is often followed by the subjunctive mood in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΤΕ, ΗΝΙΚΑ

Etymology: From the conjunction ὅτε (hote, 'when') and the particle ἄν (an, indicating potential or contingency).

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G0253

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: AH-lee-moys

Translations: (to) waterless, (to) without water, (to) parched, (to) dry, (to) barren

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'waterless' or 'parched'. It is used to describe places or things that lack water. It is a compound word formed from the negative prefix 'α-' (a-) meaning 'not' and 'λιμός' (limos) meaning 'hunger' or 'famine', but in this context, it relates to a lack of sustenance, specifically water. It is used here in the dative plural, indicating 'to' or 'in' waterless places.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΝΥΔΡΟΣ, ΞΗΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἄλιμος (alimos) is a compound of the negative prefix ἀ- (a-), meaning 'not' or 'without', and the word λιμός (limos), which means 'hunger' or 'famine'. In this context, it refers to a lack of water or sustenance, leading to the meaning 'waterless' or 'parched'.

Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral, Particle

Sounds like: EP-see-lon (as a letter name), eh (as a sound)

Translations: E, 5, if, then, indeed

Notes: This is the fifth letter of the Greek alphabet, epsilon. It can represent the number 5. As a standalone word, 'Ε' is not typically found in Koine Greek texts. It is highly probable that 'Ε' in the provided context is a typographical error or an abbreviation for a word like 'εἰ' (if) or 'ἐν' (in). If it were 'εἰ', it would function as a conditional particle meaning 'if'. If it were 'ἐν', it would be a preposition meaning 'in' or 'among'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a letter or numeral). As a particle, it does not inflect.

Etymology: The letter Epsilon (Ε) is derived from the Phoenician letter He. Its name 'epsilon' means 'simple E' to distinguish it from the diphthong 'αι' (ai), which had come to be pronounced the same way.

G2048

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: eh-REH-moys

Translations: (to) desolate, (to) deserted, (to) solitary, (to) wilderness, (to) desert

Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the adjective or noun 'eremos'. It describes places or people that are desolate, deserted, or solitary. When used as a noun, it refers to a wilderness or desert area. In this dative plural form, it indicates the indirect object or location 'to/for/in/by/with desolate places/people' or 'to/for/in/by/with wildernesses/deserts'.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΝΥΔΡΟΣ, ΕΡΗΜΙΑ

G0251

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ahl-my-RAH

Translations: salty, briny, salt water, brine, a salty place

Notes: This word describes something that is salty or briny. As an adjective, it can modify a noun to indicate its salty nature, such as 'salty land' or 'salty water'. It can also function as a noun itself, referring to salt water or brine.

Inflection: Feminine, Singular, Nominative or Vocative or Accusative

Etymology: The word ἁλμυρός (halmyros) is derived from ἅλς (hals), meaning 'salt' or 'sea'. It describes something pertaining to salt or the sea.

G3748

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: HEE-tis

Translations: who, which, whoever, whichever, whatever

Notes: ΗΤΙΣ is a relative pronoun, used to introduce a clause that describes a preceding noun. It is a compound word formed from the definite article and the indefinite pronoun. It functions similarly to 'who' or 'which' in English, often providing additional information about a person or thing. It is used in a descriptive sense, often emphasizing the quality or characteristic of the antecedent.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΣ, ΟΣΤΙΣ

Etymology: This word is a compound of the feminine definite article 'ἡ' (he) and the indefinite pronoun 'τις' (tis). It developed in Koine Greek to provide a more emphatic or descriptive relative pronoun than the simple 'ὅς' (hos).

G3756, G3757

Part of Speech: Adverb, Relative Adverb, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OO

Translations: not, no, where, of whom, of which, when

Notes: This word, written without diacritics, can represent at least two distinct Koine Greek words. It most commonly functions as a negative particle (οὐ), meaning 'not' or 'no', used to express a direct and objective negation. It can also function as a relative adverb (οὗ), meaning 'where' or 'when', indicating place or time, or as a relative genitive pronoun, meaning 'of whom' or 'of which'. The precise meaning depends on the context and the original diacritics.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a particle/adverb); Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter (as a relative pronoun)

Synonyms: ΜΗ, ΟΠΟΥ

Etymology: The negative particle οὐ (ou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ne, meaning 'not'. The relative adverb/pronoun οὗ (hou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-, a pronominal stem.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-toy-kee-thay-SEH-tai

Translations: it will be inhabited, it will be settled, it will be dwelt in

Notes: This word is a verb indicating a future action of dwelling or inhabiting. It is in the passive voice, meaning the subject will be the one acted upon, i.e., it will be inhabited by someone or something. It describes a place that will become a dwelling or settlement.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Future, Passive, Indicative

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΕΩ, ΚΑΤΟΙΚΙΖΩ

Etymology: From κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'according to', and οἰκέω (oikeō), meaning 'to dwell' or 'to inhabit'. The combination suggests settling down in a place.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-toy-KEE-tay

Translations: it is inhabited, it is dwelt in, it is settled

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to inhabit' or 'to dwell'. The form 'κατοικεῖται' is the third person singular present indicative passive, meaning 'it is inhabited' or 'it is dwelt in'. It describes a place or area that is occupied by people or living things. It is a compound word formed from 'κατά' (kata), meaning 'down' or 'in', and 'οἰκέω' (oikeō), meaning 'to dwell' or 'to inhabit'.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Passive

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΕΩ, ΚΑΤΟΙΚΙΖΩ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΟΙΚΕΩ is a compound of the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (kata), meaning 'down' or 'in', and the verb ΟΙΚΕΩ (oikeō), meaning 'to dwell' or 'to inhabit'. ΟΙΚΕΩ itself derives from ΟΙΚΟΣ (oikos), meaning 'house' or 'dwelling'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G3982

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-POY-then

Translations: he has trusted, he has relied, he is confident, he has been persuaded, he trusts, he relies

Notes: This word is the third person singular, perfect active indicative form of the verb 'ΠΕΙΘΩ'. It describes a state of having been persuaded, resulting in a current state of trust or confidence. It is used to express reliance or belief in someone or something, often implying a settled conviction.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΠΙΣΤΕΥΩ, ΕΛΠΙΖΩ

Etymology: From the root of ΠΕΙΘΩ, meaning 'to persuade, to trust'. It is related to the Proto-Indo-European root *bheidh- 'to trust, persuade'.

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: EP-ee

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, by, for, concerning, during, after, of, a

Notes: This word is a very common preposition and adverb in Koine Greek. As a preposition, its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'on,' 'upon,' 'over,' 'in the time of,' or 'concerning.' With the dative case, it can mean 'on,' 'at,' 'by,' 'for,' or 'in addition to.' With the accusative case, it typically means 'to,' 'against,' 'upon,' 'over,' or 'for the purpose of.' It is also frequently used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'upon,' 'over,' 'to,' or 'in addition.'

Inflection: Governs Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases. Does not inflect itself.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΥΠΕΡ, ΚΑΤΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.

G2962

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KOO-ree-os

Translations: Lord, a Lord, Master, a Master, Sir, a Sir

Notes: This is a nomina sacra, a sacred name abbreviation, for ΚΥΡΙΟΣ (Kyrios). It refers to a supreme authority, master, or owner. It is frequently used in the New Testament to refer to God or Jesus Christ, signifying their divine authority and sovereignty. It can also be used as a respectful address, similar to 'Sir'.

Inflection: Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΘΕΟΣ, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ

Etymology: The word ΚΥΡΙΟΣ derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *keu- meaning 'to swell, to be strong, to be powerful'. It refers to one who has power or authority.

G1680

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: EL-pees

Translations: hope, a hope, expectation, confidence

Notes: This word is a feminine noun meaning 'hope' or 'expectation'. It refers to a confident expectation, often with a positive outlook on the future, or the object of that expectation. It is frequently used in a theological context to describe the Christian hope in God's promises.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΙΣΤΙΣ, ΠΡΟΣΔΟΚΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΕΛΠΙΣ (elpis) is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be derived from a root meaning 'to wish' or 'to expect'. It is related to the verb ΕΛΠΙΖΩ (elpizo), meaning 'to hope' or 'to expect'.

G3586

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KSEE-lon

Translations: wood, a wood, tree, a tree, timber, a timber, staff, a staff, club, a club, cross, a cross

Notes: This word refers to wood in various forms. It can mean a living tree, cut timber, a piece of wood used as a staff or club, or even a structure made of wood, such as a cross or gallows. Its meaning is determined by the context in which it is used.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΔΕΝΔΡΟΝ, ΔΟΚΟΣ, ΣΤΑΥΡΟΣ

Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to the idea of cutting or hewing.

G2117

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: yoo-THEE-noon

Translations: prospering, thriving, succeeding, being straight, making straight

Notes: This word is the present active participle, neuter singular or masculine/neuter plural, of the verb 'ευθηνω' (euthēno). It describes something or someone that is prospering, thriving, or succeeding. It can also carry the sense of being or becoming straight, or making something straight, depending on context. In the provided examples, it clearly refers to prosperity or thriving.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative/Accusative, Neuter, Singular; or Nominative/Accusative, Masculine/Neuter, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΥΟΔΟΩ, ΚΑΤΕΥΟΔΟΩ

Etymology: The verb 'ευθηνω' (euthēno) is derived from 'ευθης' (euthēs), meaning 'straight, prosperous', which is a compound of 'ευ' (eu, 'well') and 'τιθημι' (tithēmi, 'to place, set'). Thus, it literally means 'to be well-placed' or 'to go well', leading to the sense of prosperity and success.

G3844

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: pa-RAH

Translations: beside, by, near, from, with, at, along, beyond, against, through, in the presence of, alongside, a

Notes: This word functions primarily as a preposition, indicating proximity, origin, or comparison. It can mean 'beside,' 'from,' 'with,' 'at,' or 'alongside,' depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used as a prefix in compound words, it often conveys ideas of proximity, deviation, or intensity, such as 'alongside,' 'beyond,' 'contrary to,' or 'through.'

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΣΥΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *per- (meaning 'forward, through'). It is cognate with English 'for' and 'through'.

G0906

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: BAH-lee

Translations: cast, throw, put, lay, place, pour, send, strike, fall

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'βάλλω' (ballō), meaning 'to cast, throw, or put'. It describes the action of propelling something, often with force, or simply placing something. It can be used in various contexts, such as throwing a stone, casting a net, or putting something into a container. The specific form 'βαλι' is an aorist active imperative, second person singular, meaning it's a command directed at a single person to perform the action of throwing or casting.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Imperative, Second Person Singular

Synonyms: ΡΙΠΤΩ, ΕΚΒΑΛΛΩ, ΚΑΤΑΒΑΛΛΩ

G0906

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: bah-LEH-ee

Translations: he will throw, he will cast, he will put, he will lay, he will place, he will pour

Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'βάλλω' (ballō), meaning 'to throw, cast, or put'. It is used to describe the action of propelling something with force, or simply placing or laying something down. It can also refer to pouring liquids. In the provided examples, it is used in contexts of throwing up a mound, changing one's spirit, and casting a net.

Inflection: Future Indicative, Active Voice, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΡΙΠΤΩ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΕΚΧΕΩ

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) them, (for) him, (for) her, (for) it, (for) them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, the same

Notes: This word is a personal pronoun that can also function as an adjective. In its pronominal use, it typically means 'him', 'her', 'it', or 'them', depending on the gender and number. When used intensively, it can mean 'himself', 'herself', 'itself', or 'themselves', emphasizing the subject. As an adjective, it means 'the same'. The form ΑΥΤΩ is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΥΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a demonstrative pronominal stem. It is a fundamental pronoun in Greek, used across various dialects and periods.

G4720

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: STEH-lekh-ay

Translations: trunks, stems, stocks, tree trunks, tree stems

Notes: This word refers to the main body or stem of a tree or plant, from which branches grow. It is used to describe the solid, upright part of a tree. In the provided examples, it refers to tree trunks or stems, such as those of palm trees.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΔΕΝΔΡΟΝ, ΦΥΤΟΝ

Etymology: The word στέλεχος (stelechos) is derived from the verb στέλλω (stellō), meaning 'to set, to arrange, to send'. It originally referred to something set or fixed, like a post or a stake, and later came to denote the trunk or stem of a tree.

G1277

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-ah-LIP-see

Translations: will fail, will cease, will leave off, will intermit, will be wanting, will be lacking

Notes: This word is the third person singular future active indicative form of the verb ΔΙΑΛΕΙΠΩ (dialeipō). It means 'to fail,' 'to cease,' 'to leave off,' or 'to intermit.' It describes an action that will happen in the future, indicating that something will stop, be absent, or come to an end. For example, 'the rain will cease' or 'his strength will fail.'

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Future, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΠΑΥΣΩ, ΛΕΙΨΩ, ΕΚΛΕΙΨΩ

G4160

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: poy-OHN

Translations: doing, making, creating, producing, performing, a doer, a maker, the one who does, the one who makes

Notes: ΠΟΙΩΝ is the present active participle of the verb ΠΟΙΕΩ, meaning 'to do' or 'to make'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, describing someone who is in the act of doing or making something. It can be translated as 'doing' or 'making' when used adjectivally, or as 'the one who does' or 'a doer' when used substantively.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΩΝ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΕΝΟΣ

G4160

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: poy-OON

Translations: doing, making, producing, performing, creating, a doer, a maker

Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb 'to do' or 'to make'. It describes someone or something that is currently performing an action. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun (e.g., 'the one doing'), or substantively, acting as a noun itself (e.g., 'the doer'). It indicates an ongoing or habitual action.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΩΝ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΠΟΙΕΩ comes from Proto-Hellenic *poďďéō, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷoy-éh₁-ti, meaning 'to make, to build'.

G2590

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kar-PON

Translations: fruit, a fruit, produce, crop, result, profit

Notes: This word refers to the fruit or produce of plants, trees, or the earth. It can also be used metaphorically to describe the result, outcome, or profit of actions or endeavors. In the provided examples, it refers to the literal fruit of plants.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Accusative

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΝΗΜΑ, ΕΚΒΑΣΙΣ, ΑΠΟΒΑΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΡΠΟΣ (karpos) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek or related to a root meaning 'to pluck' or 'to gather'.

G3844

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: pah-RAH

Translations: from, by, with, beside, at, near, alongside, to

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it typically means 'from' or 'from beside', indicating origin or agency. With the dative case, it means 'with', 'beside', or 'at', indicating proximity or presence. With the accusative case, it means 'alongside', 'to', or 'past', indicating motion towards or along something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΥΠΟ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'beside', 'alongside'. It is cognate with English 'for' and 'from'.

G5101

Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective

Sounds like: TEES

Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing

Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.

Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.

G1097

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: gno-SE-tai

Translations: he will know, she will know, it will know, he will understand, she will understand, it will understand, he will perceive, she will perceive, it will perceive

Notes: This word means 'he/she/it will know' or 'he/she/it will understand/perceive'. It is used to describe a future action of gaining knowledge, understanding, or becoming acquainted with something or someone. It can refer to intellectual knowledge, experiential knowledge, or even intimate knowledge.

Inflection: Future Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΟΙΔΑ

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TON

Translations: him, it, them, himself, itself, the same

Notes: This word is an inflection of the pronoun 'ΑΥΤΟΣ'. It can function as a personal pronoun meaning 'him' or 'it' (singular), or 'them' (plural). It can also be used as an intensive pronoun, meaning 'himself' or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. Additionally, when used with an article, it can function as an adjective meaning 'the same'. Its meaning depends on the context and whether it's used alone or with an article.

Inflection: Accusative, Masculine or Neuter, Singular; or Accusative, Masculine, Plural

G1830

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: eh-TAH-zon

Translations: examining, testing, questioning, scrutinizing, investigating

Notes: This word describes the action of carefully examining, testing, or scrutinizing something or someone. It implies a thorough investigation, often with the intent to determine truth, quality, or guilt. It is used to describe a process of inquiry or evaluation.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΔΟΚΙΜΑΖΩ, ΕΞΕΤΑΖΩ, ΠΕΙΡΑΖΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΤΑΖΩ (etazo) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to a root meaning 'to search' or 'to inquire'.

G2588

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kar-DEE-as

Translations: of heart, of a heart, of mind, of soul, of inner self, of conscience, of courage, of will

Notes: This word refers to the physical heart, but more commonly in Koine Greek, it signifies the center of one's being, including thoughts, emotions, will, and conscience. It is often used to denote the inner person, the seat of spiritual and moral life. For example, it can refer to the core of one's beliefs or the source of one's intentions.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΨΥΧΗ, ΝΟΥΣ, ΠΝΕΥΜΑ

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G5455

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-PHO-nee-sen

Translations: he called, he cried out, he spoke, he uttered

Notes: This word describes the action of making a sound with the voice, such as calling out, crying, or speaking. It is often used to indicate a distinct or emphatic vocalization, like someone calling a name or proclaiming a message. It can also refer to the sound made by animals, like a rooster crowing.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΚΡΑΖΩ, ΛΕΓΩ, ΛΑΛΕΩ

Etymology: From PHONOS (G5456), meaning 'a sound, a voice'.

G4007

Part of Speech: Noun, Numeral

Sounds like: PER-dix

Translations: partridge, a partridge, 84

Notes: This word can function as a noun meaning 'partridge' or 'a partridge'. It refers to the bird known for its plump body and short wings. In ancient Greek texts, the apostrophe (keraia) at the end of a word can also indicate its use as a numeral. In this case, ΠΕΡΔΙΞʼ represents the number 84, as Greek letters were also used as numerical symbols. Therefore, depending on the context, it could refer to the bird or the number.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative (as a noun); Does not inflect (as a numeral)

Etymology: The word 'πέρδιξ' (perdix) is of imitative origin, likely derived from the sound the bird makes. It is related to the Latin 'perdix' and English 'partridge'.

G4863

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-ay-GAH-gen

Translations: gathered, collected, assembled

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb συναγω (synago). It means to gather together, collect, or assemble. It is a compound word formed from the preposition συν (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb αγω (ago), meaning 'to lead' or 'to bring'. Thus, it literally means 'to lead or bring together'. It is used to describe the action of bringing people or things into one place.

Inflection: Third person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΑΘΡΟΙΖΩ, ΣΥΛΛΕΓΩ, ΣΥΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral, Prefix

Sounds like: AL-fah (as the letter name), ah (as the sound)

Translations: Alpha, A, one, un-, a-

Notes: This is the first letter of the Greek alphabet, equivalent to the English 'A'. It can also function as the numeral '1'. Furthermore, it is commonly used as a prefix (known as the 'alpha privative') when placed before a word, indicating negation, absence, or the opposite of the word's meaning, similar to the English prefixes 'un-' or 'a-'. For example, 'atheist' (without God) comes from 'a-' (without) and 'theos' (God).

Inflection: Does not inflect as a letter or numeral. As a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the word it precedes.

Etymology: The letter 'Alpha' is derived from the Phoenician letter 'aleph', which meant 'ox'. It was adopted by the Greeks and became the first letter of their alphabet.

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G2078

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ES-kha-TON

Translations: of last, of uttermost, of final, of extreme, of lowest, of least

Notes: This word describes something that is the very last, furthest, or most extreme in a series, time, or place. It is often used to refer to the end times or the final events of a period. As a genitive plural, it indicates possession or relation to multiple 'last things' or 'ends'.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, All genders

Synonyms: ΤΕΛΕΥΤΑΙΩΝ, ΥΣΤΕΡΩΝ

Etymology: The word ΕΣΧΑΤΟΣ (eschatos) is derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *eghs- 'out' or 'away'. It signifies the outermost or furthest point, leading to its meaning of 'last' or 'extreme'.

G0878

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: AH-phron

Translations: foolish, unwise, senseless, a fool, an unwise person

Notes: This word describes someone who is without good sense, understanding, or reason. It can be used as an adjective to describe a person or an action, or as a noun to refer to a foolish person. It implies a lack of practical wisdom or spiritual discernment.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΝΟΗΤΟΣ, ΜΩΡΟΣ

Etymology: From the negative prefix 'α-' (a-) meaning 'without' and 'φρήν' (phrēn) meaning 'mind' or 'understanding'. Thus, it literally means 'without mind' or 'mindless'.

G2362

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: THRON-os

Translations: throne, a throne

Notes: This word refers to a seat of state, a chair of dignity, or a royal seat. It is commonly used to denote the seat occupied by a king, a deity, or any person in authority, symbolizing power, sovereignty, and judgment. It can be used in both literal and metaphorical senses.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΙΦΡΟΣ, ΚΑΘΕΔΡΑ

Etymology: The word 'thronos' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to set, to place'. It is related to the verb 'θράω' (thraō), meaning 'to seat'.

G0038

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-GHEE-as-mah

Translations: sanctuary, a sanctuary, holy place, a holy place, consecrated thing, a consecrated thing, holy thing, a holy thing

Notes: This word refers to something that has been consecrated or made holy. It can denote a sacred place, such as a temple or a part of it, or a sacred object. It is used to describe anything set apart for God's use or presence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΓΙΟΝ, ΝΑΟΣ, ΙΕΡΟΝ

Etymology: The word ΑΓΙΑΣΜΑ is derived from the verb ΑΓΙΑΖΩ (hagiazo), meaning 'to sanctify' or 'to make holy'. It refers to the result or product of the act of sanctification.

G5281

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: hoo-po-mo-NAYS

Translations: of endurance, of patience, of perseverance, of steadfastness

Notes: This word refers to the act of remaining under or enduring, often with a sense of steadfastness or patient waiting. It is a compound word formed from 'ὑπό' (hypo), meaning 'under', and 'μένω' (menō), meaning 'to remain' or 'to abide'. It describes the capacity to bear up under difficult circumstances without giving in or losing hope, often implying an active, rather than passive, resistance to adversity. It can be used in contexts of enduring trials, waiting patiently for a promise, or steadfastly holding to one's faith.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΑΡΤΕΡΙΑ, ΑΝΔΡΕΙΑ, ΕΓΚΡΑΤΕΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΥΠΟΜΟΝΗ (hypomonē) is derived from the Greek preposition ὑπό (hypo), meaning 'under', and the verb μένω (menō), meaning 'to remain' or 'to abide'. It literally means 'a remaining under' or 'a patient enduring'.

G5281

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: hoo-po-mo-NEE

Translations: endurance, patience, perseverance, steadfastness, a patience, an endurance, a perseverance, a steadfastness

Notes: This word refers to the capacity to endure or bear up under difficult circumstances, often with a sense of steadfastness or patient waiting. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ΥΠΟ (HYPO), meaning 'under', and the verb ΜΕΝΩ (MENO), meaning 'to remain' or 'to abide'. Thus, it literally means 'a remaining under' or 'a bearing up under'. It describes the quality of not giving in to adversity or suffering, but rather maintaining one's resolve and hope.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΑΡΤΕΡΙΑ, ΑΝΔΡΙΑ, ΜΑΚΡΟΘΥΜΙΑ

Etymology: From the Greek preposition ΥΠΟ (HYPO), meaning 'under', and the verb ΜΕΝΩ (MENO), meaning 'to remain' or 'to abide'. It describes the act of remaining steadfast under pressure or difficulty.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G2641

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: kah-tah-lee-PON-tes

Translations: leaving behind, forsaking, abandoning, deserting

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'καταλείπω' (kataleipō), meaning 'to leave behind' or 'to abandon'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone or something that is performing the action of leaving behind or forsaking. It can refer to 'those who have left behind' or 'having left behind'.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine, Aorist Active Participle

Synonyms: ΑΦΙΕΝΤΕΣ, ΕΓΚΑΤΑΛΕΙΠΟΝΤΕΣ

G4422

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ptoh-ee-THEE-eh-sahn

Translations: they were terrified, they were frightened, they were startled, they were dismayed

Notes: This word is the 3rd person plural, aorist indicative passive form of the verb 'πτοέω' (ptoéō), meaning 'to terrify' or 'to frighten'. In the passive voice, it means 'to be terrified' or 'to be frightened'. It describes a state of being suddenly and deeply alarmed or scared, often to the point of being agitated or disoriented. It is used to describe a group of people experiencing such a strong emotion.

Inflection: 3rd Person Plural, Aorist, Indicative, Passive

Synonyms: ΕΚΦΟΒΗΘΗΣΑΝ, ΕΚΠΛΑΓΗΣΑΝ

Etymology: The verb 'πτοέω' (ptoéō) is derived from 'πτόα' (ptóa), meaning 'terror' or 'panic'. It describes the act of causing fear or being struck with fear.

G3361

Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G4422

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ptoh-ay-THEE-ayn

Translations: to be terrified, to be frightened, to be dismayed

Notes: This word is the aorist passive infinitive of the verb ΠΤΟΕΩ (PTOEO), meaning 'to terrify' or 'to frighten'. As an infinitive, it functions like a verbal noun, often translated as 'to be terrified' or 'to be frightened'. It describes the state of being struck with fear or dismay. It can be used in various grammatical constructions where the action of being terrified is the subject or object.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΦΟΒΕΙΣΘΑΙ, ΔΕΙΛΙΑΝ

Etymology: The verb ΠΤΟΕΩ (PTOEO) is derived from the noun πτόος (ptoos), meaning 'terror' or 'dismay'. Its origin is likely onomatopoeic, imitating a sudden sound or movement associated with fright.

G1632

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: es-khoo-THEY-toh-sahn

Translations: let them be poured out, let them be shed, let them be spilled

Notes: This word is a verb in the Koine Greek language, meaning 'to be poured out' or 'to be shed'. It is used as a command or instruction for a group of people or things to undergo the action of being poured out or spilled. It implies a passive action, where the subject is receiving the action rather than performing it.

Inflection: 3rd Person, Plural, Aorist, Passive, Imperative

Synonyms: ΕΚΧΥΝΝΩ, ΕΚΧΥΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΕΚΧΕΩ is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'ἐκ' (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb 'χέω' (cheo), meaning 'to pour'. Thus, it literally means 'to pour out'.

G2729

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tes-khoo-THEY-toh-sahn

Translations: let them be put to shame, let them be disgraced, let them be confounded

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (KATA), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb ΙΣΧΥΩ (ISCHYO), meaning 'to be strong' or 'to prevail'. In this form, it means to be utterly put to shame or disgraced, often implying a complete defeat or humiliation. It is used to express a strong desire or command for someone to experience shame.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Aorist, Passive, Imperative

Synonyms: ΑΙΣΧΥΝΩ, ΕΝΤΡΕΠΩ

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-ees-khoo-THEE-toh-sahn

Translations: let them be put to shame, let them be disgraced, let them be dishonored

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the prefix 'kata-' (down, against) and the verb 'aischyno' (to shame). It means to be utterly disgraced or put to shame. It is used as an imperative, commanding a group of people to experience shame or disgrace. It implies a strong sense of public humiliation or failure.

Inflection: 3rd Person, Plural, Aorist, Passive, Imperative

Synonyms: ΕΝΤΡΕΠΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΕΛΑΩ

G0868

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-fes-TEE-koh-tes

Translations: having departed, having stood away, having withdrawn, having revolted, apostates, those who have departed

Notes: This word is a perfect active participle derived from the verb 'aphistēmi'. It describes a completed action of departing, withdrawing, or revolting, and the state resulting from that action. It can function adjectivally to describe people who have done so, or substantively as 'those who have departed' or 'apostates'. The perfect tense emphasizes the lasting state or consequence of the action.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Participle, Masculine, Nominative or Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΤΑΣ, ΑΠΟΣΤΑΤΗΣ

Etymology: The word 'aphistēmi' (from which this participle is derived) is a compound of 'apo' (meaning 'from' or 'away from') and 'histēmi' (meaning 'to stand'). Thus, it literally means 'to stand away from'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G1093

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GAYS

Translations: (of) earth, (of) land, (of) ground, (of) world, (of) country, (of) region

Notes: This word refers to the earth, land, or ground. It can denote the physical soil, a specific territory or country, or the entire planet. As a genitive form, it indicates possession, origin, or the material from which something is made, often translated with 'of' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΑΓΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΓΗ (gē) comes from Proto-Hellenic *gā́, which itself is from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁- ('earth').

G1125

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: grah-fee-TOH-sahn

Translations: let them be written, let them be enrolled, let them be recorded

Notes: This is a verb in the passive voice, indicating that the action is performed upon the subject. It is in the imperative mood, which expresses a command or instruction. Therefore, it means 'let them be written' or 'let them be enrolled/recorded'. It is used to give a command for a group of people or things to be written down or registered.

Inflection: 3rd Person, Plural, Aorist, Passive, Imperative

Synonyms: ΕΓΓΡΑΦΗΤΩΣΑΝ, ΚΑΤΑΓΡΑΦΗΤΩΣΑΝ

G3754

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G1459

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eng-ka-teh-LEE-po

Translations: I left behind, I forsook, I abandoned, I deserted

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from 'ἐν' (in), 'κατά' (down), and 'λείπω' (to leave). It means to leave behind, forsake, abandon, or desert someone or something. It implies a complete and often permanent act of leaving, sometimes with a sense of neglect or failure to support.

Inflection: Aorist Indicative, Active Voice, First Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΦΙΗΜΙ, ΚΑΤΑΛΕΙΠΩ

Etymology: The root verb ΕΓΚΑΤΑΛΕΙΠΩ (EGKATALEIPO) is derived from the preposition 'ἐν' (en, meaning 'in' or 'among'), 'κατά' (kata, meaning 'down' or 'against'), and the verb 'λείπω' (leipo, meaning 'to leave' or 'to lack'). The combination signifies a complete act of leaving or abandoning.

G4077

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pay-GAYN

Translations: spring, a spring, fountain, a fountain, well, a well, source, a source

Notes: This word refers to a natural source of water, such as a spring or a fountain. It can also be used metaphorically to denote the origin or source of something, like wisdom or life. It is typically used in sentences to indicate the place from which something originates or flows.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΡΗΝΗ, ΠΟΤΑΜΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'ΠΗΓΗ' is of uncertain origin, possibly related to a root meaning 'to gush' or 'to flow'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G2962

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KOO-ree-ON

Translations: Lord, a Lord

Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for ΚΥΡΙΟΝ (KYRION), meaning 'Lord'. It is the accusative singular form of ΚΥΡΙΟΣ (KYRIOS), which means 'Lord' or 'Master'. It is used to refer to God or Jesus Christ, or sometimes to a human master or owner. In the provided context, it is used with the accusative article 'ΤΟΝ', indicating it is the direct object of a verb.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΘΕΟΣ

Etymology: From ΚΥΡΟΣ (KYROS), meaning 'power' or 'authority'. It refers to one who has power or authority, hence 'lord' or 'master'.

G4982

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: SOH-soh

Translations: save, deliver, preserve, heal, make whole

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'sōzō', meaning 'to save, deliver, or preserve'. It can also carry the sense of healing or making someone whole. In the provided examples, it is used as an imperative, a command or plea to 'save' or 'deliver'. It is a common verb in the New Testament and Septuagint, often referring to spiritual salvation, physical healing, or rescue from danger.

Inflection: Imperative, Aorist, Active, Second Person Singular

Synonyms: ΡΥΟΜΑΙ, ΔΙΑΣΩΖΩ, ΣΩΤΗΡΙΑ

Etymology: From a primary verb 'sao', meaning 'to save'. It is related to the concept of safety and soundness.

G4982

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soh-THEE-soh-mai

Translations: I will be saved, I will be delivered, I will be preserved, I will be made whole

Notes: This word means 'I will be saved' or 'I will be delivered'. It is a future passive form of the verb 'to save' or 'to deliver'. It indicates an action that will be performed upon the subject in the future, resulting in their salvation, deliverance, or preservation. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'I will be saved from my enemies'.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Future, Passive, Indicative

Synonyms: ΡΥΟΜΑΙ, ΔΙΑΣΩΖΩ, ΕΛΕΥΘΕΡΟΩ

Etymology: The word ΣΩΖΩ comes from an ancient Greek root meaning 'to save, preserve, keep safe and sound'. It is related to the adjective σῶς (sōs), meaning 'safe, sound, whole'.

G1487, G1488

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Verb

Sounds like: AY

Translations: if, whether, that, if indeed, if then, you are, be

Notes: This word has two primary uses in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it functions as a conditional particle meaning 'if', introducing a condition or a question. It can also be the second person singular present indicative active form of the verb 'to be', meaning 'you are' or 'be'. The context of the sentence determines which meaning is intended.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a conjunction); Second Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active (as a verb)

Synonyms: ΕΑΝ, ΕΙΠΕΡ, ΕΣΤΙΝ

Etymology: The conjunction 'εἰ' comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'if' or 'whether'. The verb form 'εἰ' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root for 'to be'.

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOY

Translations: they, themselves, to them, for them, to themselves, for themselves

Notes: This word is a pronoun that can function as a personal pronoun (they, them) or a reflexive pronoun (themselves). It can also be used to emphasize a noun, meaning 'the very' or 'the same'. Its meaning depends on the case and context. For example, in the nominative case, it typically means 'they' or 'themselves', while in the dative case, it means 'to them' or 'for them'.

Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Nominative or Dative

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΙ, ΟΥΤΟΙ

G4314

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G3056

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: LOH-goss

Translations: word, a word, reason, a reason, account, an account, speech, a speech, message, a message, report, a report, thing, a thing, matter, a matter, saying, a saying, discourse, a discourse

Notes: The word 'logos' is a fundamental term in Koine Greek with a wide range of meanings. It can refer to a spoken or written word, a statement, a message, or a command. Beyond simple communication, it also encompasses concepts like reason, logic, an account, a narrative, or even a divine utterance or principle. Its specific meaning often depends on the context in which it is used.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΡΗΜΑ, ΕΠΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb λέγω (legō), meaning 'to say, speak'. It refers to something said or thought, and its meaning evolved to encompass both speech and the underlying reason or thought.

G2064

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: el-THA-toh

Translations: let him come, let it come, let them come, come

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. It is used as a command or an exhortation, indicating that someone or something should come or go. It can refer to a person, an event, or an abstract concept. For example, 'let your kingdom come' or 'let him come out'.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular or Plural, Aorist, Imperative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΗΚΩ, ΒΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to go'. It is a common verb in Greek, with a complex set of principal parts due to its suppletive nature, drawing forms from different stems.

G1161

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G2628

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: kah-tah-koh-loo-THON

Translations: following after, accompanying, attending, a follower, an accompanier

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata, meaning 'down' or 'according to') and the verb ἀκολουθέω (akoloutheō, meaning 'to follow'). It describes the action of following closely behind someone or something, often implying adherence, attendance, or companionship. It can be used to describe someone who is a devoted follower or disciple.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine or Neuter, Nominative Singular

Synonyms: ΑΚΟΛΟΥΘΕΩ, ΕΠΟΜΑΙ, ΣΥΝΕΠΟΜΑΙ

G0444

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: an-THROH-poo

Translations: (of) man, (of) a man, (of) human being, (of) a human being, (of) person, (of) a person

Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΥ (anthrōpou), which is the genitive singular form of the noun ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ (anthrōpos). It refers to a human being, mankind, or a person. In context, it often denotes a specific individual or humanity in general. As a genitive form, it typically indicates possession, origin, or relationship, translating as 'of man' or 'of a human being'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΒΡΟΤΟΣ, ΑΝΗΡ

G1937

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-peh-thy-MEE-sah

Translations: I desired, I longed, I craved, I lusted, I coveted

Notes: This word is the first person singular, aorist active indicative form of the verb 'epithymeo'. It describes a past action of desiring, longing, or craving something. It can be used in both positive and negative contexts, referring to a strong desire for good things or a covetous desire for forbidden things.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΟΜΑΙ, ΘΕΛΩ, ΟΡΕΓΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word 'epithymeo' is a compound word formed from the preposition 'epi' (meaning 'upon' or 'for') and 'thymos' (meaning 'passion' or 'strong feeling'). It originally conveyed the idea of setting one's heart or passion upon something.

G1922

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ep-is-TEE-may

Translations: knowledge, understanding, skill, science

Notes: This word refers to knowledge, understanding, or skill, often implying a systematic or scientific understanding of a subject. It describes a deep comprehension or proficiency in a particular area, rather than just superficial acquaintance. It is the root form of the word.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΓΝΩΣΙΣ, ΣΟΦΙΑ

Etymology: From the Greek verb ἐπίσταμαι (epistamai), meaning 'to know, to understand', which is formed from ἐπί (epi, 'upon, over') and ἵστημι (histēmi, 'to stand'). Thus, it literally means 'to stand upon' or 'to be established in' knowledge.

G1607

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ek-por-yoo-OH-men-ah

Translations: going out, proceeding, coming out, issuing, a going out, a proceeding, a coming out, an issuing

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle, meaning 'going out' or 'proceeding from'. It describes something that is in the process of moving from an inner place to an outer one, or originating from a source. It is often used to describe words or thoughts that come from the heart or mouth, or things that emanate from a person or place. It is a compound word formed from 'ΕΚ' (out of, from) and 'ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ' (to go, to proceed).

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter, Present, Middle or Passive

Synonyms: ΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: dee-AH

Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G5505

Part of Speech: Numeral

Sounds like: khee-LEE-ohn

Translations: of a thousand, of thousands

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the numeral 'thousand'. It is used to indicate possession or origin related to a quantity of one thousand, or simply 'of thousands'. For example, it could be used in phrases like 'the strength of a thousand men' or 'from thousands of years'.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders

Etymology: The word 'χίλιοι' (chilioi) comes from the Ancient Greek 'χίλιοι' (khílioi), meaning 'thousand'. Its ultimate origin is uncertain, but it is believed to be pre-Greek or from an unknown source.

G4253

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PRO

Translations: before, in front of, for, on behalf of, in the presence of, prior to, instead of

Notes: This word is a preposition that typically takes the genitive case. It can indicate a spatial relationship, meaning 'before' or 'in front of' something or someone. It can also denote a temporal relationship, meaning 'before' in time, or a causal relationship, meaning 'for' or 'on behalf of' someone or something. In some contexts, it can also mean 'instead of' or 'in the presence of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΜΠΡΟΣΘΕΝ, ΑΝΤΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'before, in front of'. It is cognate with English 'for' and Latin 'pro'.

G4383

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pro-SO-poo

Translations: of face, of countenance, of presence, of person, of a face, of a countenance, of a presence, of a person

Notes: This word refers primarily to the 'face' or 'countenance' of a person or thing. It can also denote 'presence' or 'appearance'. In a broader sense, it can refer to the 'person' or 'individual' themselves. It is often used in phrases like 'from the face of' or 'before the face of' to mean 'from the presence of' or 'before the presence of'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΨΙΣ, ΕΙΔΟΣ, ΜΟΡΦΗ

Etymology: The word 'ΠΡΟΣΩΠΟΝ' is derived from the Greek preposition 'πρός' (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and 'ὤψ' (ōps), meaning 'eye' or 'face'. It literally means 'that which is before the eyes' or 'that which is turned towards'.

G1096

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: geh-NAY-thees

Translations: you were born, you became, you came to be, you were made, you happened

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ (ginomai), meaning 'to become,' 'to be born,' 'to happen,' or 'to come into being.' It is used here in the second person singular, indicating that 'you' (singular) were the one who became, were born, or happened. It describes an action that occurred in the past and was completed.

Inflection: 2nd Person Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Passive

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΦΥΩ

G1519, G1520

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, toward, among, in, a, an, one

Notes: As a preposition, ΕΙΣ (eis) indicates motion or direction towards a place, person, or purpose, often translated as 'into,' 'to,' or 'for.' It always takes the accusative case. For example, 'into the house' or 'to God.' It can also be used to express purpose or result. As a numeral, ΕΙΣ (heis) means 'one' and is the masculine nominative singular form, often translated as 'a,' 'an,' or 'one.'

Inflection: Preposition: Does not inflect. Numeral: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (other forms exist for other genders and cases).

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en-s, an extended form of the preposition *en (in).

G0244

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: al-loh-tree-OH-sin

Translations: alienation, estrangement, an alienation, an estrangement

Notes: This word refers to a state of separation or estrangement, particularly from God or from a community. It describes the act or process of becoming alienated or being made a stranger. It is often used in a spiritual or relational context to denote a loss of fellowship or connection.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΞΕΝΩΣΙΣ, ΑΠΟΡΡΗΞΙΣ

Etymology: Derived from the verb ΑΛΛΟΤΡΙΟΩ (ALLOTRIOO), meaning 'to alienate' or 'to make strange', which itself comes from ΑΛΛΟΤΡΙΟΣ (ALLOTRIOS), meaning 'belonging to another', 'foreign', or 'alien'.

G5339

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: fee-DOH-meh-nos

Translations: sparing, showing mercy, pitying, having compassion, forbearing, refraining

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle derived from the verb 'pheídomai', meaning 'to spare' or 'to show mercy'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action or state. It indicates someone who is actively sparing, showing mercy, or refraining from harming or punishing. It can describe a person who is compassionate or who holds back from using their full power or judgment.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Present, Middle/Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΕΛΕΩΝ, ΟΙΚΤΕΙΡΩΝ

G4190

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: po-NEE-rah

Translations: evil, wicked, bad, harmful, malicious, an evil thing

Notes: This word describes something or someone as evil, wicked, or harmful. It can refer to moral depravity, physical badness, or something that causes trouble or pain. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, agreeing with it in gender, number, and case. In the provided examples, it describes 'counsel' (βουλευομενος) as evil and 'things' (implied) that one should not see as evil.

Inflection: Feminine, Singular, Nominative or Vocative; or Neuter, Plural, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative

Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΣ, ΦΑΥΛΟΣ, ΑΣΕΒΗΣ

Etymology: The word 'ΠΟΝΗΡΟΣ' comes from 'πόνος' (ponos), meaning 'toil, labor, pain'. It originally referred to something that caused toil or pain, and later evolved to mean 'evil' or 'wicked' in a moral sense.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tes-khoo-thee-TOH-sahn

Translations: let them be put to shame, let them be disgraced, let them be dishonored

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata, meaning 'down' or 'against') and the verb αἰσχύνω (aischynō, meaning 'to shame' or 'to disgrace'). It means to put someone to shame, to disgrace them, or to dishonor them. In this specific form, it is an imperative, commanding a group of people to be put to shame or disgraced.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Aorist, Passive, Imperative

Synonyms: ΕΝΤΡΕΠΩ, ΑΤΙΜΑΖΩ

Etymology: The verb ΚΑΤΑΙΣΧΥΝΩ is a compound of the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb ΑΙΣΧΥΝΩ (aischynō), meaning 'to shame' or 'to disgrace'. ΑΙΣΧΥΝΩ itself derives from αἶσχος (aischos), meaning 'shame' or 'disgrace'.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-ee-skhoo-theen-TOH-sahn

Translations: let them be put to shame, let them be disgraced, let them be dishonored

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata, 'down, against') and the verb αἰσχύνω (aischynō, 'to shame'). It means 'to put to shame' or 'to disgrace thoroughly'. In this form, it is a command or strong wish for a group of people to be shamed or disgraced.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Imperative, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΕΝΤΡΕΠΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΕΛΑΩ

Etymology: The verb αἰσχύνω (aischynō) comes from αἶσχος (aischos), meaning 'shame' or 'disgrace'. The prefix κατά (kata) intensifies the meaning, indicating a complete or thorough action.

G1377

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: dee-OH-kon-tes

Translations: pursuing, persecuting, chasing, following, those who pursue, those who persecute

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to pursue' or 'to persecute'. It describes an action of actively following after someone or something, either in a literal chase or in a hostile sense of persecution. It can also mean to earnestly seek or strive for something. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, modifying a noun, but also carries the action of a verb.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΔΙΩΚΩ, ΚΑΤΑΔΙΩΞΙΣ, ΚΑΤΑΔΙΩΓΜΟΣ

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tes-khoo-THEE-een

Translations: I was put to shame, I was disgraced, I was confounded

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'καταισχύνω' (kataischyno), meaning 'to put to shame' or 'to disgrace'. The form 'κατεσχυνθίην' is an aorist passive optative, indicating a potential or wished-for action in the past, often translated as 'I might have been put to shame' or 'I would have been disgraced'. It describes the state of being shamed or confounded by an external force.

Inflection: First Person Singular, Aorist, Passive, Optative

Synonyms: ΑΙΣΧΥΝΩ, ΕΝΤΡΕΠΩ

G0261

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-ee-SKHOO-thee-een

Translations: to be ashamed, to put to shame, to disgrace

Notes: This word appears to be a misspelling or a highly unusual form of a Koine Greek verb related to 'shame' or 'disgrace'. The most likely intended word is a form of 'καταισχύνω' (kataischynō), meaning 'to put to shame' or 'to be ashamed'. The ending '-ιην' is not a standard Koine Greek verbal ending, suggesting a possible scribal error or a very rare dialectal form.

Inflection: Unknown or highly irregular. Likely intended as a form of 'καταισχύνω' (to put to shame, to be ashamed), which would inflect for tense, voice, mood, person, and number.

Synonyms: ΕΝΤΡΕΠΩ, ΑΙΣΧΥΝΩ

G1863

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-ag-AH-geh

Translations: bring upon, bring in, bring on, lead on, inflict, impose

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to bring upon,' 'to bring in,' or 'to inflict.' It often describes causing something to happen to someone or something, such as bringing a curse, a punishment, or a benefit upon them. It can also refer to leading or bringing someone to a place.

Inflection: Aorist Active Imperative, 2nd Person Singular; or Aorist Active Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΓΩ, ΦΕΡΩ, ΕΠΙΦΕΡΩ

Etymology: The word ἐπάγω (epagō) is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'on,' and the verb ἄγω (agō), meaning 'to lead' or 'to bring.'

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOOS

Translations: them, themselves, him, it, the same

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the pronoun 'ΑΥΤΟΣ' (autos). In this specific form, it is used to mean 'them' or 'themselves' when referring to masculine plural nouns in the accusative case. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', 'itself', or 'the same' depending on the context and agreement with the noun it modifies. When used as a personal pronoun, it often refers back to a previously mentioned noun.

Inflection: Accusative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΥΣ, ΣΦΑΣ

G4190

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: po-nee-RAN

Translations: evil, wicked, bad, harmful, mischievous, an evil, a wicked, a bad, a harmful, a mischievous

Notes: This word describes something as evil, wicked, or bad, often with a connotation of being harmful or mischievous. It can refer to moral depravity, physical affliction, or something that causes trouble. It is used to qualify a feminine singular noun in the accusative case, indicating the direct object of an action or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΣ, ΦΑΥΛΟΣ

G1365

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: DIS-soh

Translations: double, twofold, a double, two

Notes: This adjective describes something as being double or twofold. It can refer to a quantity that is twice as much, or to something that has two parts or aspects. In the provided examples, it refers to 'double scales' and 'double money'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΔΙΠΛΟΥΣ

Etymology: The word 'δισσός' (dissos) is likely a variant of 'δίσσος' (dissos), which is related to 'δύο' (dyo), meaning 'two'. It emphasizes the concept of duality or being in two parts.

G4938

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: soon-TREE-mah

Translations: destruction, ruin, a destruction, a ruin

Notes: This noun refers to a state of destruction, ruin, or breaking. It describes the result of something being crushed or shattered, often implying complete devastation. It is typically used to describe physical ruin but can also refer to a state of brokenness or affliction.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΛΕΘΡΟΣ, ΑΠΩΛΕΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΣΥΝΤΡΙΜΜΑ (syntrimma) comes from the verb ΣΥΝΤΡΙΒΩ (syntribo), meaning 'to break in pieces, crush, shatter'. It is a compound word formed from ΣΥΝ (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and ΤΡΙΒΩ (tribo), meaning 'to rub, wear out, or break'.

G4937

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-TREEP-son

Translations: break, shatter, crush, destroy, bruise

Notes: This word means to break completely, shatter, or crush. It implies a forceful and destructive action, often resulting in something being utterly destroyed or severely damaged. It can be used literally, such as breaking an object, or figuratively, like crushing an enemy or bruising someone's spirit. In the provided examples, it is used in the imperative mood, commanding someone to break or crush something.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Imperative, Second Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΘΛΑΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΝΥΜΙ, ΡΗΓΝΥΜΙ

G3778

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TA-deh

Translations: these things, thus, as follows

Notes: ΤΑΔΕ is the neuter plural form of the demonstrative pronoun ὅδε (hode), meaning 'this' or 'these'. It is often used to introduce a statement, a list of items, or direct speech, functioning like 'thus' or 'as follows'. For example, 'thus says the Lord'. It can refer to things that are about to be said or have just been mentioned.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΥΤΟΣ, ΤΟΙΟΥΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ὅδε (hode) is formed from the demonstrative pronoun ὁ (ho, 'this, that') and the deictic particle -δε (-de), which emphasizes proximity or immediate reference.

G3956

Part of Speech: Adjective, Article

Sounds like: TES

Translations: all, every, whole, any, each, the

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the Koine Greek word 'πᾶς' (pas), meaning 'all', 'every', or 'whole'. Without diacritics, 'ΤΕΣ' most commonly represents the feminine plural nominative, accusative, or vocative form of 'πᾶς', which would be 'πᾶσαι' (pasai) or 'πάσας' (pasas) or 'πᾶσες' (pases) in modern Greek. It can also function as a part of the definite article, 'ταῖς' (tais), meaning 'the' (feminine plural dative), or 'τῆς' (tes), meaning 'of the' (feminine singular genitive). In context, it typically refers to a group of feminine nouns, indicating that 'all' or 'every' member of that group is included. For example, 'all women' or 'every city'.

Inflection: Feminine, Plural, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative (from πᾶς); or Feminine, Plural, Dative (from ὁ); or Feminine, Singular, Genitive (from ὁ)

Synonyms: ΑΠΑΣ, ΟΛΟΣ

G1510, G1519

Part of Speech: Verb, Preposition

Sounds like: ES

Translations: is, are, into, to, for, toward, among, in, a

Notes: The word "ΕΣ" is a highly ambiguous form in Koine Greek, often representing either a contracted or archaic form of the verb "to be" (from ΕΙΜΙ) or a preposition meaning "into" (from ΕΙΣ). When it functions as a verb, it typically means "is" or "are," indicating existence or a state of being. When it functions as a preposition, it denotes movement or direction towards something, or a state of being within something. It can also indicate purpose or result. Its precise meaning depends heavily on the surrounding words and context.

Inflection: Third Person Singular Present Indicative (from ΕΙΜΙ), Preposition (from ΕΙΣ)

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΣ

G1525

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eis-por-YOO-on-tai

Translations: they enter, they go in, they come in

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into' or 'to', and 'πορεύομαι' (poreuomai), meaning 'to go' or 'to proceed'. Therefore, it literally means 'to go into' or 'to come into'. It describes the action of moving from an outside location to an inside location, often implying entry into a house, city, or other enclosed space. It is used to describe a group of people performing this action.

Inflection: 3rd Person, Plural, Present Tense, Indicative Mood, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΕΙΣΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΕΜΒΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΙΣΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ is a compound of the preposition ΕΙΣ (eis), meaning 'into' or 'to', and the verb ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ (poreuomai), meaning 'to go' or 'to proceed'. ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ itself derives from ΠΟΡΟΣ (poros), meaning 'a way' or 'a passage'.

G1607

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ek-por-EV-on-tai

Translations: they go out, they come out, they proceed, they issue forth

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to go out,' 'to come out,' or 'to proceed.' It is often used to describe movement from one place to another, or the origin of something. It is a compound word formed from 'ἐκ' (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from,' and 'πορεύομαι' (poreuomai), meaning 'to go' or 'to journey.' Thus, it literally means 'to go out from.' It can refer to people leaving a place, or things (like words or spirits) originating from a source.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΕΚΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ is a compound verb derived from the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from,' and the verb πορεύομαι (poreuomai), meaning 'to go' or 'to journey.' The root πορεύομαι itself comes from πόρος (poros), meaning 'a passage' or 'a way.'

G3956

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: pa-SAIS

Translations: to all, for all, with all, by all, all

Notes: This word means 'all', 'every', or 'whole'. It is used to indicate the totality or entirety of something. As an adjective, it agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies. In this form, it is used with feminine plural nouns in the dative case, often indicating the means, instrument, or indirect object.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ

Etymology: The word ΠΑΣ (pas) comes from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (to protect, pasture, feed). It developed into the sense of 'all' or 'every' in Greek.

G2419

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-eh-roo-sah-LEM

Translations: Jerusalem

Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for the proper noun 'Jerusalem'. It refers to the ancient city in the Middle East, which holds significant religious importance for Jews, Christians, and Muslims. In the provided examples, it is used in contexts like 'in the streets of Jerusalem', 'pour out upon Jerusalem', and 'those who dwell in Jerusalem'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative or Genitive or Dative (depending on the full form of the abbreviation)

Etymology: The name 'Jerusalem' is of Semitic origin, likely meaning 'foundation of Shalem' or 'city of peace'. It is derived from ancient West Semitic roots.

G2046

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-REES

Translations: you will say, you will speak

Notes: This word is the future active indicative, second person singular form of the verb 'ἐρῶ' (erō), which means 'to say' or 'to speak'. It indicates an action that the listener ('you') will perform in the future, specifically speaking or saying something. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'you will say the truth'.

Inflection: Future, Active, Indicative, 2nd Person Singular

Etymology: From a prolonged form of a primary verb, probably 'εἴρω' (eirō), which means 'to say' or 'to speak'.

G2468

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-AY-mee

Translations: I send, I throw, I cast, I hurl, I let go, I release

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to send', 'to throw', or 'to cast'. It can also mean 'to let go' or 'to release'. It is often used in contexts involving movement or dispatching something or someone. The form 'ΙΗΜ' is the first person singular present active indicative of the verb 'ΙΗΜΙ'.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Present, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΠΕΜΠΩ, ΒΑΛΛΩ, ΑΦΙΗΜΙ

Etymology: The verb ΙΗΜΙ (hiemi) is an ancient Greek verb with roots in Proto-Indo-European, related to concepts of 'sending' or 'propelling'. It is a primary verb in Greek, meaning it is not derived from another Greek word.

G2419

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: hee-eh-roo-sa-LEM

Translations: Jerusalem

Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for Ἱερουσαλήμ (Hierousalem), which refers to the city of Jerusalem. It is a proper noun used to denote the ancient capital city of Judea, significant in Jewish and Christian traditions. It is typically used as the name of the city itself.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The name Ἱερουσαλήμ is of Hebrew origin, from יְרוּשָׁלַיִם (Yerushaláyim). It is believed to mean 'foundation of Shalem' or 'city of peace'.

G3778

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOW-tays

Translations: to these, with these, by these, in these, these

Notes: This word is the dative plural feminine form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective 'οὗτος' (houtos), meaning 'this' or 'these'. It is used to point out something specific that is near the speaker or has just been mentioned. As a dative case, it indicates the indirect object, means, instrument, or location, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'with', 'by', or 'in'. It can function as a pronoun, standing in for a noun, or as an adjective, modifying a noun.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

G5442

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: foo-LAS-ses-thai

Translations: to guard, to keep, to observe, to protect, to watch over, to beware, to take heed

Notes: This word means to guard, keep, or observe. It is often used in the context of keeping laws, commands, or traditions, implying careful adherence and protection from violation. It can also mean to protect someone or something, or to be on guard against something.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive Voice, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΤΗΡΕΩ, ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΕΠΙΜΕΛΕΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: From φύλαξ (phylax), meaning 'a guard' or 'a watcher'.

G2046

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-REH-teh

Translations: you will say, you will speak, you will tell

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used when addressing multiple people, indicating that 'you all' will perform the action of speaking or saying something. It often refers to future actions or commands.

Inflection: Second Person Plural, Future Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΕΤΕ, ΦΩΝΕΙΤΕ

Etymology: The word 'ΕΡΕΩ' comes from an ancient root meaning 'to speak' or 'to say'. It is related to other words concerning communication and utterance.

G2419

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: hee-eh-roo-sa-LEM

Translations: Jerusalem

Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for Ἱερουσαλήμ (Hierousalem), which is the name of the ancient city of Jerusalem. It is a significant city in the history of Israel and is often referred to as its capital. It is a holy city for Jews, Christians, and Muslims.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The name Ἱερουσαλήμ (Hierousalem) is of Hebrew origin, from יְרוּשָׁלַיִם (Yerushaláyim). It is believed to mean "foundation of Shalem" or "city of peace."

G1537, G1803

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: eks

Translations: out of, from, by, of, six

Notes: This word can function in two main ways. As a preposition, it means 'out of' or 'from', indicating origin, source, or separation. It is always used with the genitive case. It can also denote the agent or cause of something. As a numeral, it means 'six'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΠΟ, ΕΚ, ΕΞΑ

Etymology: As a preposition, it comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'out'. As a numeral, it comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'six'.

G3625

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: oy-KAY-ohn

Translations: of one's own, of one's household, of one's relatives, of domestic matters

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'οἰκεῖος' (oikeios), which means 'one's own,' 'belonging to a household,' 'domestic,' or 'related.' It refers to things or people that are intimately connected to a person or their household, such as family members, servants, or personal affairs. In its genitive plural form, it often indicates possession or relationship, meaning 'of those who are one's own' or 'of one's household/relatives.'

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΙΔΙΩΝ, ΣΥΓΓΕΝΩΝ, ΟΙΚΟΥ

Etymology: The word 'οἰκεῖος' (oikeios) is derived from 'οἶκος' (oikos), meaning 'house' or 'household.' It refers to that which pertains to or belongs to a house or family.

G1627

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ek-FEH-reh-tai

Translations: is carried out, is brought out, is led out, is taken out, is borne out, is produced, is brought forth, is published

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from 'εκ' (out of, from) and 'φερω' (to carry, to bear, to bring). It means to carry, bring, or lead something or someone out from a place. It can also mean to produce or bring forth, as in fruit or results, or to publish something. In the provided context, it refers to carrying burdens out of one's house.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΦΕΡΩ, ΕΞΑΓΩ, ΠΡΟΑΓΩ

G3844, G3956

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb, Interjection

Sounds like: PAH-rah

Translations: by, near, with, at, beside, along, to, from, oh, ah, alas

Notes: This word is a versatile Koine Greek term that can function as a preposition, adverb, or interjection, depending on context. As a preposition, it typically means 'by' or 'near' and indicates proximity or agency. It can also be an adverb meaning 'alongside' or 'beside'. In some contexts, it functions as an interjection expressing emotion like 'oh' or 'alas'. Due to the lack of diacritics in the input, it could represent several different words, most commonly 'παρά' (para) meaning 'by, near, with' or 'πά' (pa), an interjection.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or interjection).

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΣΥΝ

Etymology: The preposition 'παρά' (para) comes from Proto-Indo-European. The interjection 'πά' (pa) is an onomatopoeic or expressive sound.

G2041

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ER-gon

Translations: work, deed, act, task, labor, a work, a deed

Notes: This word refers to a work, deed, or action. It can encompass a wide range of activities, from physical labor and tasks to moral actions, accomplishments, or even the effects or results of an action. It is often used to describe something that is done or produced.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΞΙΣ, ΔΟΥΛΕΙΑ, ΚΑΤΕΡΓΟΝ

Etymology: From a primary (supposed) verb ERGO (to work); compare English 'erg' and 'energy'.

G2531

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: KAH-thohss

Translations: just as, even as, according as, as, exactly as, in proportion as, like, according to, inasmuch as

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the preposition κατά (kata, meaning 'down' or 'according to') and the adverb ὡς (hōs, meaning 'as' or 'how'). It functions as an adverb or conjunction, primarily used to introduce a comparison, indicating that something is done or happens in the same way as something else. It can also express correspondence or proportion, meaning 'inasmuch as' or 'to the extent that'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΑ

Etymology: From the Greek preposition κατά (kata, 'down, according to') and the adverb ὡς (hōs, 'as, how').

G1781

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-ne-TEE-lah-meen

Translations: I commanded, I ordered, I charged

Notes: This is a verb form meaning 'I commanded' or 'I ordered'. It describes an action of giving a directive or instruction to someone. It is often used in contexts where a higher authority gives a command to a subordinate or where a person gives a strong instruction.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Indicative, Aorist, Middle Voice

Synonyms: ΚΕΛΕΥΩ, ΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΤΩ

Etymology: From the Greek preposition 'εν' (in) and 'τελλω' (to accomplish, to bring to an end). The combination suggests 'to put a charge upon' or 'to lay a command upon'.

G1781

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-ne-TEI-lah-men

Translations: I commanded, I ordered, I charged, I instructed

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to command,' 'to order,' 'to charge,' or 'to instruct.' It implies giving a directive or a specific instruction to someone. It is often used in contexts where authority is being exercised or a duty is being assigned.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Middle Voice

Synonyms: ΚΕΛΕΥΩ, ΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΤΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΝΤΕΛΛΟΜΑΙ is formed from the prefix ΕΝ (en, meaning 'in' or 'on') and the verb ΤΕΛΛΩ (tellō, meaning 'to accomplish' or 'to bring to an end'). Thus, it conveys the idea of bringing something to completion by command or instruction.

G2827

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ek-LEE-nan

Translations: they turned aside, they turned away, they deviated, they inclined, they bent, they reclined

Notes: This word describes an action of turning or bending, often implying a deviation from a path or a standard. It can refer to physically turning aside, or metaphorically to deviating from a moral or legal standard. In the provided examples, it clearly indicates a turning away from a proper path or a moral law.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Aorist Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΕΚΤΡΕΠΩ, ΠΑΡΕΚΒΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: The root word ΚΛΙΝΩ comes from an ancient Greek verb meaning 'to lean, incline, bend'. It is related to the idea of sloping or causing something to lean.

G4645

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: es-klee-ROO-nan

Translations: they hardened, they made hard, they became hard, they stiffened

Notes: This verb describes the act of making something hard or becoming hard, often used metaphorically to refer to a hardening of the heart or mind, indicating stubbornness or resistance to divine influence. It implies a deliberate act of making oneself unyielding or insensitive.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΠΩΡΟΩ, ΣΚΛΗΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word derives from the adjective σκληρός (sklēros), meaning 'hard' or 'harsh'. The verb form indicates the process of becoming or making something hard.

G5228

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-PER

Translations: over, above, for, on behalf of, concerning, beyond, more than

Notes: ΥΠΕΡ is a Koine Greek preposition. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often means 'on behalf of', 'for the sake of', 'concerning', or 'instead of'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'over', 'above', 'beyond', or 'more than', often indicating position or motion.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΙ, ΠΕΡΙ, ΑΝΤΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *uperi, meaning 'over, above'. It is cognate with English 'over' and Latin 'super'.

G1209

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: DEK-sas-theh

Translations: receive, accept, welcome, take, take up

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to receive, accept, or welcome. It implies a willing and often hospitable reception of something or someone. It can be used in various contexts, such as receiving a gift, accepting a teaching, or welcoming a guest. It is the aorist middle imperative form, indicating a command or exhortation to 'receive' or 'accept' something, with the action being performed by the subject for themselves or with a focus on the subject's involvement.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Imperative, 2nd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ, ΥΠΟΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ

G3977

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: peh-DEE-ahn

Translations: plain, a plain, field, a field

Notes: This word refers to a flat, open area of land, such as a plain or a field. It is used to describe geographical features and can appear in various contexts related to travel or location. In the provided examples, it is used in the accusative case, indicating movement into or towards a plain.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΓΡΟϹ

Etymology: The word ΠΕΔΙΟΝ (pedion) comes from the ancient Greek word πέδον (pedon), meaning 'ground' or 'soil'. It refers to a flat expanse of land.

G1437

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: eh-AHN

Translations: if, when, whenever, although

Notes: This word is a conditional conjunction used to introduce a protasis (the 'if' clause) in a conditional sentence. It often implies a condition that is possible or expected to occur, or a general truth. It can also be used to mean 'when' or 'whenever' in a general sense, or even 'although' in some contexts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΙ

Etymology: From the conjunction εἰ (ei, 'if') and the particle ἄν (an), which indicates potentiality or contingency. It combines these elements to form a conditional conjunction.

G1522

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eis-ah-koo-SEE-tai

Translations: he will be heard, she will be heard, it will be heard, he will be answered, she will be answered, it will be answered

Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'eisakouō', meaning 'to hear' or 'to answer (prayer)'. In this specific form, it indicates a future passive action, meaning that the subject will be heard or answered. It is often used in the context of God hearing or answering prayers.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Future, Passive, Indicative

Synonyms: ΑΚΟΥΩ, ΥΠΑΚΟΥΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΙΣΑΚΟΥΩ is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΕΙΣ (eis), meaning 'into' or 'to', and the verb ΑΚΟΥΩ (akouō), meaning 'to hear'. Thus, it literally means 'to hear into' or 'to hear towards', implying a focused or responsive hearing.

G0037

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-gee-AH-zin

Translations: to sanctify, to make holy, to consecrate, to purify

Notes: This verb means to set apart for sacred use, to make holy, or to purify. It is frequently used in a religious context to describe the act of dedicating something or someone to God, or to cleanse from defilement. It implies a separation from common use and an elevation to a sacred status.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΚΑΘΑΡΙΖΩ, ΑΓΝΙΖΩ

Etymology: The word derives from the Greek adjective ἅγιος (hagios), meaning 'holy' or 'sacred'. It signifies the process of making something or someone holy or setting it apart for sacred purposes.

G4160

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: poy-EH-in

Translations: to do, to make, to produce, to create, to perform, to accomplish, to bring about

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'ποιέω' (poieō), meaning 'to do' or 'to make'. It is a very common verb in Koine Greek and can be used in a wide range of contexts, from physical actions like making something, to abstract actions like performing a deed or bringing something about. It often indicates the execution of an action or the creation of an object.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ

Etymology: The word 'ποιέω' (poieō) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to an old root meaning 'to make' or 'to create'.

G2521

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ka-THEE-meh-noy

Translations: sitting, those sitting, who sit

Notes: This word is a present participle of the verb 'to sit'. It describes someone or something that is in the act of sitting. It can be used to describe people who are seated, or metaphorically, those who are settled in a particular state or place. For example, it can refer to people sitting in darkness or those sitting near someone.

Inflection: Present, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΑΘΕΖΟΜΑΙ, ΕΔΡΑΖΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek καθέζομαι (kathézomai, “to sit down”), from κατά (katá, “down”) + ἕζομαι (hézomai, “to sit”).

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EF

Translations: upon, on, over, to, against, at, by, for, in, among, with, toward, concerning, because of

Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition ΕΠΙ (epi), which means 'upon' or 'on'. The final vowel of ΕΠΙ is dropped when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it means 'upon, on, over, during'; with the dative, it means 'on, at, by, for, in addition to'; and with the accusative, it means 'on, to, against, over, toward'. It is a very common and versatile preposition.

Inflection: Does not inflect (elided form of a preposition)

G2543

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: KEH

Translations: perhaps, maybe, possibly, would, might, could

Notes: ΚΕ is an enclitic particle, a shortened form of ΚΕΝ or ΑΝ, used to express possibility, contingency, or indefiniteness. It is typically found with the subjunctive or optative moods, indicating that an action 'might' or 'would' happen under certain conditions. It can also be used to form indefinite pronouns or adverbs, such as 'whoever' or 'wherever'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΝ

Etymology: The particle ΚΕΝ (of which ΚΕ is a shortened form) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the demonstrative pronoun ΚΕῖνος (KEINOS) meaning 'that one'.

Part of Speech: Participle, Noun

Sounds like: kah-toy-KOON-tes

Translations: dwelling, inhabiting, residing, living, those who dwell, those who inhabit, those who reside, those who live

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'katoikeō', meaning 'to dwell' or 'to inhabit'. It describes someone or something that is currently dwelling or residing in a place. When used as a noun, it refers to 'those who dwell' or 'the inhabitants' of a particular area. It is often used to describe people living in a specific region or on the earth.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΟΥΝΤΕΣ, ΕΝΟΙΚΟΥΝΤΕΣ

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-toy-kee-sthee-SEH-teh

Translations: you will be settled, you will be inhabited, you will dwell, you will reside

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the preposition κατά (kata, meaning 'down' or 'according to') and the verb οἰκέω (oikeō, meaning 'to dwell' or 'to inhabit'). In this specific form, it means 'you will be settled' or 'you will be inhabited'. It describes a future action where a group of people will be caused to dwell or reside in a place, or a place will become inhabited by them. It is used in a passive sense, indicating that the subjects are acted upon rather than acting themselves.

Inflection: Second Person, Plural, Future, Passive, Indicative

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΕΩ, ΚΑΘΙΖΩ, ΕΝΟΙΚΕΩ

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-toy-kee-STHEH-seh-tai

Translations: will be inhabited, will be settled, will be caused to dwell

Notes: This word is a future passive verb, meaning 'it will be inhabited' or 'it will be settled'. It describes a place or a people being caused to dwell or settle in a particular location. For example, a city might be said to 'be inhabited' by people.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Future, Indicative, Passive

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΙΣΘΗΣΕΤΑΙ, ΕΓΚΑΤΟΙΚΙΣΘΗΣΕΤΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΟΙΚΙΖΩ is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'according to', and the verb οἰκίζω (oikizō), meaning 'to cause to dwell' or 'to settle'. The combination implies settling down or establishing a dwelling.

G4172

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: POH-lis

Translations: city, a city, town, a town

Notes: The word 'polis' refers to a city or town, a populated center where people live and gather. In ancient contexts, it often implied a self-governing city-state, but in Koine Greek, it frequently refers simply to any significant urban settlement. It is used to denote the physical location and its inhabitants.

Inflection: Singular, Feminine, Nominative or Vocative

Synonyms: ΚΩΜΗ, ΧΩΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (to fill) or *pel- (to build, to enclose). It refers to a fortified place or a populated area.

G2240

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: HEK-soo-sin

Translations: they will come, they will arrive, they will be present

Notes: This word is a verb indicating future action. It means 'they will come' or 'they will arrive' and is used to describe a group of people or things that will arrive at a certain place or time. It implies a future presence or arrival.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Future, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΕΛΕΥΣΟΝΤΑΙ, ΠΑΡΑΓΕΝΗΣΟΝΤΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΗΚΩ (heko) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the concept of 'being present' or 'having come'.

G1537

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EK

Translations: out of, from, of, by, among, with

Notes: This word is a preposition that typically governs the genitive case. It denotes origin, source, or separation, indicating movement 'out of' or 'from' a place, time, or cause. It can also signify the material from which something is made, the agent by whom something is done, or the reason for an action. For example, it can mean 'out of the house' or 'from that day'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΠΟ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *eǵʰs, meaning 'out'. It is cognate with Latin ex- and English out.

G2945

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: KOO-kloh-then

Translations: around, round about, on every side, all around

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'around' or 'on every side'. It is used to describe something that encompasses or surrounds a central point or object, indicating a circular or encompassing direction or position. It can be used to describe people gathering around something, or a geographical area surrounding a place.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΥΚΛΩ, ΠΕΡΙΞ

Etymology: From the Greek word 'κύκλος' (kyklos), meaning 'circle' or 'ring', combined with the suffix '-θεν' (-then), which indicates origin or direction from a place.

G3977

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: peh-dee-NES

Translations: (of) plain, (of) level ground, (of) lowlands

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'flat' or 'level'. In its genitive feminine singular form, as seen in the examples, it refers to 'of the plain' or 'of the lowlands', often describing a geographical area that is flat or level, as opposed to mountainous or hilly terrain.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΜΑΛΟΣ, ΕΠΙΠΕΔΟΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek πεδίον (pedíon, “plain, flat land”), which is derived from πέδον (pédon, “ground, soil”).

G5342

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: FEH-ron-tes

Translations: bearing, carrying, bringing, enduring, leading, those who bear, those who carry, those who bring

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb ΦΕΡΩ, meaning 'to bear,' 'to carry,' 'to bring,' or 'to endure.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action performed by the subject. It can be translated as 'bearing,' 'carrying,' or 'those who bear/carry,' depending on the context. It describes an ongoing action.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΓΩ, ΒΑΣΤΑΖΩ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ

G2368

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: thoo-mee-AH-mah-tah

Translations: incense, perfumes

Notes: This word refers to incense or aromatic substances, often burned, especially in religious ceremonies or as an offering. It is typically used in the plural to refer to multiple types or quantities of such substances.

Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΛΙΒΑΝΟΣ, ΑΡΩΜΑΤΑ

Etymology: The word ΘΥΜΙΑΜΑ (thymiāma) comes from the verb θυμιάω (thymiaō), meaning 'to burn incense', which in turn is derived from θύω (thyō), meaning 'to sacrifice, to offer by burning'.

G3131

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: MAN-nah

Translations: manna, a manna

Notes: This word refers to the miraculous food provided by God to the Israelites during their forty years of wandering in the wilderness after their exodus from Egypt. It is described as a bread-like substance that appeared on the ground each morning. It is used in contexts referring to this specific divine provision.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word "manna" is of Hebrew origin, derived from the question "man hu?" meaning "What is it?" which the Israelites asked when they first saw it. It was adopted into Greek and then into other languages.

G1522

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eis-ah-koo-SEE-teh

Translations: you will hear, you will listen, you will obey, you will answer

Notes: This word means to hear, listen to, or obey, often implying a favorable or attentive hearing, such as God hearing a prayer or a person listening to advice. It can also mean to answer, especially in the context of prayer. It is a compound word formed from the preposition εἰς (eis, meaning 'into' or 'to') and the verb ἀκούω (akouō, meaning 'to hear').

Inflection: Second Person, Plural, Future, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΑΚΟΥΩ, ΥΠΑΚΟΥΩ

Etymology: The verb εἰσακούω (eisakouō) is a compound of εἰς (eis), meaning 'into' or 'to', and ἀκούω (akouō), meaning 'to hear'. The root ἀκούω is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek.

G0037

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-gee-AH-zane

Translations: to sanctify, to make holy, to consecrate, to set apart, to purify

Notes: This word means to make something holy, to consecrate it, or to set it apart for sacred use. It can also mean to purify or cleanse. The form "ΑΓΙΑΖΗΝ" is a misspelling or variant of "ΑΓΙΑΖΕΙΝ", which is the present active infinitive form of the verb "ΑΓΙΑΖΩ". It describes the action of sanctifying or making holy.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΚΑΘΑΡΙΖΩ, ΑΦΟΡΙΖΩ

Etymology: From the Greek word "ἅγιος" (hagios), meaning 'holy' or 'sacred'. The verb form means to render or make holy.

G0037

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-gee-AH-zayn

Translations: to sanctify, to hallow, to consecrate, to purify, to make holy

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to make holy, to set apart for sacred use, or to purify. It is often used in the context of religious practices, referring to the act of dedicating something or someone to God, or making it ritually clean. As an infinitive, it functions like the English 'to sanctify' or 'to hallow', indicating the action itself without specifying a subject or tense.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΑΓΝΙΖΩ, ΚΑΘΑΡΙΖΩ

G2054

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: EH-rin

Translations: strife, contention, discord, a quarrel

Notes: This word refers to strife, contention, or discord. It describes a state of conflict or disagreement, often leading to quarrels or disputes. It can be used to describe a general atmosphere of conflict or a specific instance of a quarrel.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΜΑΧΗ, ΔΙΧΟΣΤΑΣΙΑ, ΦΙΛΟΝΕΙΚΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΕΡΙΣ (eris) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It is related to the concept of discord and contention.

G2046

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-REIN

Translations: to say, to speak, to tell, to declare, to command

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'ερω' (erō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to express the action of speaking or declaring something, often in a general sense. It can also imply a command or instruction. As an infinitive, it functions like a verbal noun, often appearing after verbs like 'to be able' or 'to wish'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΕΙΝ, ΦΑΝΑΙ, ΛΑΛΕΙΝ

Etymology: From a prolonged form of a primary verb, perhaps related to the root of 'ερωταω' (erōtaō, to ask). It is a very ancient verb with a long history in Greek, referring broadly to the act of speaking.

G4442

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: poor

Translations: fire, a fire

Notes: This word refers to fire, a fundamental element. It is often used in contexts of burning, light, or judgment. The final apostrophe (keraia) indicates that this form is likely a numeral, specifically 800, but in the provided context, it functions as the noun 'fire'. The apostrophe could also be a coronis, indicating an elision, but 'ΠΥΡ' is a complete word on its own.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΦΛΟΞ, ΚΑΥΜΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words for fire in many other Indo-European languages.

G2719

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-fah-GEH-tai

Translations: will devour, will consume, will eat up

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb ἐσθίω (esthiō), meaning 'to eat'. Together, it means to eat down, consume entirely, or devour. It is used to describe a complete and destructive consumption, often by fire, a sword, or an enemy.

Inflection: Future, Indicative, Middle or Passive, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΛΙΣΚΩ, ΔΑΠΑΝΑΩ, ΒΙΒΡΩΣΚΩ

Etymology: The verb κατεσθίω (katesthiō) is formed from the prefix κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb ἐσθίω (esthiō), meaning 'to eat'. The root ἐσθίω comes from an older form ἔδω (edō), which is related to the Proto-Indo-European root for 'to eat'.

G0295