2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: AY-day

Translations: already, now, by this time, forthwith, even now

Notes: This word is an adverb used to indicate that something has happened or is happening at the present moment, or has happened prior to the present moment. It can convey a sense of immediacy or completion. For example, it can mean 'already' when referring to something that has taken place, or 'now' when emphasizing the current time.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΝΥΝ, ΑΥΤΙΚΑ, ΕΥΘΕΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁eh₂dʰ- (to be present, to be here). It is related to the demonstrative pronoun 'ho' (this) and the particle 'de' (now, indeed).

G1161

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G1304

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-eh-PON-tos

Translations: of managing, of administering, of governing, of conducting, of carrying on

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'διέπω', meaning 'to manage', 'to administer', or 'to govern'. It describes an ongoing action of someone who is in charge or carrying out a task. It is often used to indicate who is in control or responsible for a particular situation or domain.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΙΚΟΥΝΤΟΣ, ΔΙΕΞΑΓΟΝΤΟΣ, ΚΥΒΕΡΝΩΝΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word διέπω (diepō) is a compound word formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'across', and the verb ἔπω (epō), meaning 'to be busy with' or 'to handle'.

G2231

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: TAYN-hay-geh-mo-NEE-ahn

Translations: the rule, the leadership, the authority, the command, the government, the principality

Notes: This word is a combination of the definite article 'the' (τὴν) and the noun 'hegemony' or 'leadership' (ἡγεμονίαν). It refers to the exercise of authority, command, or leadership, often in a political or military context. It is used here in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΗ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑ, ΚΡΑΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΗΓΕΜΟΝΙΑ (hēgemonia) comes from the Greek word ἡγεμών (hēgemōn), meaning 'leader' or 'commander', which itself is derived from the verb ἡγέομαι (hēgeomai), meaning 'to lead' or 'to guide'.

G4845

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-eh-BEH

Translations: it happened, it came to pass, it occurred, it befell

Notes: This is an impersonal verb form meaning 'it happened' or 'it occurred'. It describes an event or circumstance that took place, often used to introduce a consequence or a development in a narrative. It is typically used in the third person singular.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΑΠΟΒΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: The word συμβαίνω (symbainō) is a compound word formed from the preposition σύν (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb βαίνω (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to step'. Thus, it literally means 'to go together' or 'to come together', which evolved into the meaning 'to happen' or 'to occur'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: kom-ma-GAY-nays

Translations: of Commagene

Notes: This word refers to Commagene, an ancient kingdom or region located in what is now south-central Turkey, near the Euphrates river. It was a Hellenistic kingdom that existed from 163 BC to AD 72, known for its strategic location and cultural blend of Greek, Armenian, and Persian influences. The word is used to indicate possession or origin related to Commagene.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The name "Commagene" is of uncertain origin, possibly derived from an ancient Anatolian or Semitic language. It was the name of the region and kingdom in antiquity.

G0491

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: an-TEE-o-khon

Translations: Antiochus

Notes: Antiochus is a common Greek proper name, frequently used for kings of the Seleucid Empire and other historical figures. In this form, it is the direct object of a verb or preposition, indicating the person 'Antiochus' is receiving the action.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Ancient Greek 'Ἀντίοχος' (Antíochos), meaning 'resisting' or 'steadfast'. It is a compound of 'ἀντί' (antí, 'against, in return for') and 'ἔχω' (ékhō, 'to have, to hold').

G3173, G4875

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: meh-GAH-lais-sym-PHO-rais

Translations: (to) great misfortunes, (to) great calamities, (to) great disasters

Notes: This word is a compound of two words: ΜΕΓΑΛΑΙΣ (from μέγας, meaning 'great' or 'large') and ΣΥΜΦΟΡΑΙΣ (from συμφορά, meaning 'misfortune', 'calamity', or 'disaster'). The combined word means 'great misfortunes' or 'great calamities'. It is used to describe a situation involving significant adversity or trouble. The double sigma (ΣΣ) is an unusual spelling and likely represents a transcription error or a specific orthographic variant for the compound word.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Feminine

Synonyms: ΜΕΓΑΛΑΙΣ ΚΑΚΙΑΙΣ, ΜΕΓΑΛΑΙΣ ΠΑΘΗΜΑΣΙΝ

G3824

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: pan-oy-keh-SEE-ah

Translations: with one's whole household, with all one's family, with all one's house

Notes: This word is a compound adverb meaning 'with one's whole household' or 'with all one's family'. It is formed from the words 'πᾶς' (pas), meaning 'all' or 'whole', and 'οἶκος' (oikos), meaning 'house' or 'household'. It describes an action or event that involves every member of a household or family.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΟΘΕΝ

Etymology: This word is a compound formed from the Greek adjective πᾶς (pas), meaning 'all, every, whole', and the noun οἶκος (oikos), meaning 'house, household'. The suffix -εσία is used to form adverbs indicating manner or accompaniment.

G4045

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-ree-peh-SEIN

Translations: to fall among, to fall into, to encounter, to happen upon, to befall

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition περί (peri, meaning 'around' or 'about') and the verb πίπτω (piptō, meaning 'to fall'). It means to fall into or among something, often implying an unexpected or unfortunate encounter. It can also mean to happen upon or to befall someone or something, often in the context of difficulties or dangers.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΣΥΜΠΙΠΤΩ, ΕΜΠΙΠΤΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the Greek preposition περί (peri), meaning 'around' or 'about', and the verb πίπτω (piptō), meaning 'to fall'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G2232

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: hay-geh-MOHN

Translations: ruler, a ruler, governor, a governor, leader, a leader, chief, a chief, commander, a commander, prince, a prince

Notes: This word refers to a leader, ruler, or governor. It can denote someone in a position of authority, such as a provincial governor appointed by a higher power, or a general leading an army. It can also refer to someone who guides or leads in a more general sense, like a chief or a guide.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ

Etymology: From the Greek verb ἄγω (agō), meaning 'to lead' or 'to guide'. The suffix -μων (-mōn) indicates an agent or instrument, thus 'one who leads'.

G5119

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: TOH-teh

Translations: then, at that time, at that moment, thereupon, therefore

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'then' or 'at that time'. It is used to indicate a point in time, often referring to a past or future event that follows another. It can also be used to introduce a consequence or result, similar to 'therefore' or 'in that case'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΕΙΤΑ, ΕΙΤΑ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The word ΤΟΤΕ is a primary adverb, meaning it is not derived from another word in Greek. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun 'το' (this/that).

G2525

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: ka-thes-TEE-koss

Translations: appointed, established, standing, set over, in charge, being in a state of being set

Notes: This word is the perfect active participle of the verb 'καθίστημι' (kathistēmi), meaning 'to set down, appoint, establish'. As a participle, it describes someone or something that has been appointed, established, or set in a particular position or state. It can function adjectivally, describing a noun, or adverbially, indicating the manner of an action. It often implies a state of permanence or authority as a result of being established.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Perfect Active Participle

Synonyms: ΤΕΤΑΓΜΕΝΟΣ, ΕΣΤΩΣ, ΔΙΩΡΙΣΜΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: The verb 'καθίστημι' (kathistēmi) is a compound word formed from the preposition 'κατά' (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb 'ἵστημι' (histēmi), meaning 'to stand' or 'to cause to stand'. Thus, it literally means 'to set down' or 'to establish firmly'.

G1534

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: EYE-tah

Translations: then, next, afterward, after that

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'then' or 'next'. It indicates a sequence of events or actions, showing what happens immediately after something else. It is often used to introduce the next step in a narrative or a logical progression. The form ΕἸΤ' is an elided form of ΕἸΤΑ, where the final alpha has been dropped before a word starting with a vowel.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΕΙΤΑ, ΕΞΗΣ

Etymology: The word ΕἸΤΑ is derived from the demonstrative pronoun *e- (meaning 'that') combined with the adverbial suffix -ta, indicating sequence or time. It is related to other Greek words that denote order or succession.

G3767

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OON

Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.

G0227

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ah-lay-THEH-oo-ohn

Translations: speaking the truth, being truthful, telling the truth, a truth-speaker

Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb 'to speak the truth'. It describes someone who is actively engaged in speaking or living truthfully. It can function adjectivally, describing a person who is truthful, or adverbially, indicating the manner in which something is done (truthfully).

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩΝ ΤΗΝ ἈΛΗΘΕΙΑΝ, ὈΡΘΟΤΟΜΩΝ

Etymology: From ἀληθής (alēthēs, 'true') and the verbal suffix -εύω (-euō), meaning 'to be' or 'to do'. Thus, it means 'to be true' or 'to speak truly'.

G1538

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: EYE-teh

Translations: whether, or, either...or

Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce alternative possibilities. It often appears in pairs (eite... eite...) to mean 'either... or', but can also be used alone to mean 'whether' or simply 'or'. It connects clauses or phrases that present different options or conditions.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: Ἠ

Etymology: From the conjunction εἰ (ei), meaning 'if', and the particle τε (te), meaning 'and'. It combines these elements to express conditional alternatives.

G2532

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: dee-AH

Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G4314

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G2189

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: EKH-thran

Translations: enmity, hatred, hostility, a hatred

Notes: This word refers to a state of deep-seated hostility, animosity, or hatred. It describes a condition of being an enemy or having an adversarial relationship with someone or something. It is often used to describe a strong, active dislike or opposition.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΜΙΣΟΣ, ἈΝΤΙΘΕΣΙΣ

Etymology: This word comes from the Greek word ἔχθρος (echthros), meaning 'hated' or 'hostile', which itself is derived from a root meaning 'to hate'.

G1063

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G1292

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-eh-PEM-psah-toh

Translations: he sent through, he sent away, he sent, he dispatched

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from 'διά' (through, across) and 'πέμπω' (to send). It means to send through or send away, often implying a message or a person being dispatched from one place to another. In the provided example, it refers to the King of Egypt sending a message or envoy.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΠΕΜΠΩ, ΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ΔΙΑ (dia), meaning 'through' or 'across', and the verb ΠΕΜΠΩ (pempō), meaning 'to send'.

G3004

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: leh-GOHN

Translations: saying, speaking, telling

Notes: ΛΕΓΩΝ is the present active participle of the verb λέγω (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is commonly used to introduce direct or indirect speech, functioning similarly to 'saying' or 'speaking' in English. For example, it might be translated as 'he came saying...' or 'they decreed, speaking...'. It describes an ongoing action of speaking or declaring.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΛΑΛΩΝ, ΦΩΝΩΝ, ΕΡΩΝ

Etymology: The word λέγω (legō) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to collect, gather, pick out'. In Greek, it evolved to mean 'to speak' or 'to say', perhaps from the idea of 'picking out words'.

G0491

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ton-an-TEE-o-khon

Translations: Antiochus

Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to Antiochus. It was a common name for several Hellenistic kings, particularly those of the Seleucid Empire, which ruled over a large part of the Middle East after the death of Alexander the Great. In this form, it is used as the direct object of a verb or preposition.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Accusative

Etymology: The name 'Antiochus' is of Greek origin, derived from the word 'αντίοχος' (antíochos), meaning 'resisting' or 'holding out against'. It was a dynastic name used by the Seleucid kings.

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G2016

Part of Speech: Adjective, Proper Noun

Sounds like: eh-pee-fah-NOOS

Translations: manifest, illustrious, notable, distinguished, glorious, Epiphanes, of Epiphanes

Notes: This word describes something or someone that is manifest, illustrious, or distinguished. It can refer to a visible or apparent quality, or to a person of high standing or renown. It is also famously used as a surname or epithet, particularly for Antiochus IV Epiphanes, meaning 'God Manifest' or 'Illustrious'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΝΔΟΞΟΣ, ΠΕΡΙΦΑΝΗΣ, ΦΑΝΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἐπιφαίνω (epiphainō, “to show forth, appear”), from ἐπί (epi, “upon, to”) + φαίνω (phainō, “to shine, appear”).

G1231

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-ehg-NOH-keh-nye

Translations: to decide, to determine, to discern, to know, to distinguish, to resolve

Notes: This word is the perfect active infinitive form of the verb 'διαγιγνώσκω' (diagignōskō). It means 'to have decided,' 'to have determined,' or 'to have discerned.' It describes an action that has been completed in the past, with the results continuing into the present, and functions as a verbal noun, often used after verbs like 'to say' or 'to think.'

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΓΙΓΝΩΣΚΩ, ΚΡΙΝΩ, ΒΟΥΛΕΥΟΜΑΙ

G0868

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-phis-TAS-thai

Translations: to withdraw, to depart, to revolt, to fall away, to keep away from, to stand off

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand'. In its present middle/passive infinitive form, it means 'to withdraw oneself', 'to depart from', or 'to revolt'. It describes the act of moving away from something or someone, either physically or in terms of allegiance or belief. It can be used in contexts of physical separation, but also for spiritual or political defection.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ἈΠΟΔΙΔΡΑΣΚΩ, ἈΠΟΠΙΠΤΩ

Etymology: The word ἀφίστημι (aphistēmi) is a compound of ἀπό (apo, 'from, away from') and ἵστημι (histēmi, 'to stand, to set'). The combination signifies 'to stand away from' or 'to cause to stand away from', leading to meanings of withdrawal or defection.

Part of Speech: Participle, Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: peh-poy-ay-MEH-non

Translations: made, done, created, a thing made, a thing done

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been made' or 'having been done'. It describes something that has been completed or brought into existence. It can function as an adjective modifying a noun, or as a substantive (a noun) referring to the thing that has been made or done.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΓΕΓΟΝΟΣ, ΕΡΓΟΝ, ΠΡΑΓΜΑ

G1163

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: DEIN

Translations: to be necessary, to be needful, to be proper, to be right, to be fitting, to be binding, to be obligatory, to be due, to be destined, to be fated, to be required, to be compelled, to be obliged, to need, to have to, must, ought

Notes: This is the present active infinitive form of the impersonal verb 'ΔΕΙ'. It means 'to be necessary' or 'it is necessary'. It is often used to express obligation, necessity, or what is proper or destined to happen. It typically takes an infinitive as its subject, indicating what must or ought to be done.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΧΡΗ, ΑΝΑΓΚΗ ΕΣΤΙΝ

G4301

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pro-ka-ta-la-BEIN

Translations: to seize beforehand, to anticipate, to surprise, to preoccupy, to take possession of beforehand

Notes: This is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb. It is a compound verb formed from πρό (before), κατά (down, against), and λαμβάνω (to take, to seize). It means to take or seize something before someone else does, to anticipate an action, or to surprise someone by acting first. It can also mean to take possession of something in advance.

Inflection: Infinitive, Aorist, Active

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΦΘΑΝΩ

G3361

Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G5348

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: FTHA-san-tes

Translations: having arrived, having come, having reached, having attained, having anticipated

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'phthanō', meaning 'to arrive', 'to come', 'to reach', or 'to attain'. It describes an action that has been completed or a state that has been reached. It can also carry the sense of 'to anticipate' or 'to be first'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb in a sentence, indicating the circumstances or timing of an action.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΗΚΩ, ΦΘΑΝΩ

G4229, G756

Part of Speech: Noun, Verb

Sounds like: prahg-MAH-tohn ar-XAS-thai

Translations: (of) things to begin, (of) matters to begin, (of) affairs to begin, (of) deeds to begin

Notes: This is a compound phrase formed by the genitive plural of the noun "πρᾶγμα" (pragma), meaning "thing," "matter," or "affair," and the aorist infinitive middle of the verb "ἄρχομαι" (archomai), meaning "to begin" or "to start." Together, it means "to begin things," "to start affairs," or "to undertake matters." It describes the initiation of actions, events, or business.

Inflection: ΠΡΑΓΜΑΤΩΝ: Plural, Genitive, Neuter; ἈΡΞΑΣΘΑΙ: Aorist, Infinitive, Middle

Synonyms: ΕΡΓΩΝ ΑΡΧΕΣΘΑΙ, ΧΡΗΜΑΤΩΝ ΑΡΧΕΣΘΑΙ

G3195, G2541

Part of Speech: Verb, Proper Noun

Sounds like: eh-MEL-leh-KAI-sar

Translations: he was about, he was going to, Caesar

Notes: This appears to be a compound word or, more likely, two separate words concatenated without a space: 'ἘΜΕΛΛΕ' (emelle) and 'ΚΑΙΣΑΡ' (Kaisar). 'ἘΜΕΛΛΕ' is the imperfect active indicative third person singular of the verb 'μέλλω' (mellō), meaning 'to be about to' or 'to intend'. 'ΚΑΙΣΑΡ' is a proper noun meaning 'Caesar'. Therefore, the combined phrase would mean 'Caesar was about to' or 'Caesar was going to'. It is highly probable that this is a transcription error where the space between the two words was omitted.

Inflection: ἘΜΕΛΛΕ: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Singular; ΚΑΙΣΑΡ: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

G4363

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-pes-ON-tos

Translations: having fallen upon, having fallen down, having prostrated oneself, having fallen at, having fallen to

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to fall upon' or 'to fall down'. It describes an action that has already occurred, indicating someone or something having fallen upon, fallen down before, or prostrated themselves. It often implies an act of supplication, worship, or submission, or simply the act of encountering or arriving at something.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΙΠΤΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΥΝΕΩ

G4016

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-ree-oh-RAHN

Translations: overlook, disregard, permit, tolerate, look around, look over

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition περί (peri), meaning 'around' or 'about', and the verb ὁράω (horaō), meaning 'to see'. In its infinitive form, it means to overlook, to disregard, or to permit something to happen. It can also mean to look around or survey a situation. It implies a passive allowance or a deliberate turning away from something.

Inflection: Present Active Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΦΙΗΜΙ, ΕΑΩ, ΠΑΡΟΡΑΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the Greek preposition περί (peri), meaning 'around' or 'about', and the verb ὁράω (horaō), meaning 'to see'.

G2532, G1063

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle

Sounds like: kai-GAR

Translations: and indeed, for indeed, for also, and for

Notes: ΚΑΙΓΑΡ is a compound word formed from the conjunctions ΚΑΙ (kai, 'and, also, even') and ΓΑΡ (gar, 'for, since'). It functions as a strong connective particle, emphasizing the reason or explanation that follows. It can be translated as 'and indeed' or 'for indeed', introducing a statement that confirms or elaborates on what was just said, often with a sense of emphasis or logical consequence.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΓΑΡ, ΚΑΙ

G3588, G3739, G2228

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G1069

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: gait-nee-AH-sis

Translations: proximity, nearness, neighborhood, a proximity, a nearness, a neighborhood

Notes: This word refers to the state of being near or close to something or someone, indicating proximity or adjacency. It is typically used to describe physical closeness, such as the nearness of places or people.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΓΓΥΣ, ΠΛΗΣΙΟΝ

Etymology: This word is derived from the Greek word γείτων (geitōn), meaning 'neighbor', and the suffix -ίασις (-iasis), which denotes a state or condition. Thus, it literally means 'the state of being a neighbor' or 'neighborliness'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G4229

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PRAG-ma

Translations: thing, a thing, matter, deed, business, affair, event

Notes: This word refers to a 'thing' in a general sense, encompassing objects, events, actions, or matters. It can denote a concrete object, an abstract concept, a legal or business affair, or an accomplished deed. It is a neuter noun.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΡΓΟΝ, ΧΡΗΜΑ, ΥΠΟΘΕΣΙΣ

Etymology: From the Greek verb πράσσω (prassō), meaning 'to do, to accomplish, to act'. It refers to something done or a result of an action.

G0001, G4406

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ax-ee-ON-proh-NOY-ahs

Translations: worthy of consideration, worthy of attention, worthy of care, deserving of foresight

Notes: This is a compound adjective formed from 'ΑΞΙΟΣ' (axios), meaning 'worthy' or 'deserving', and 'ΠΡΟΝΟΙΑ' (pronoia), meaning 'foresight', 'providence', or 'care'. Together, it describes something that is worthy of careful consideration, attention, or foresight. It implies that the subject is important enough to warrant special thought or planning.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΞΙΟΛΟΓΟΣ, ΕΠΙΜΕΛΗΣ

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G4172

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: POH-lis

Translations: city, a city, town, a town

Notes: The word 'polis' refers to a city or town, a populated center where people live and gather. In ancient contexts, it often implied a self-governing city-state, but in Koine Greek, it frequently refers simply to any significant urban settlement. It is used to denote the physical location and its inhabitants.

Inflection: Singular, Feminine, Nominative or Vocative

Synonyms: ΚΩΜΗ, ΧΩΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (to fill) or *pel- (to build, to enclose). It refers to a fortified place or a populated area.

G2749, G3844

Part of Speech: Verb, Preposition

Sounds like: KEH-teh-PAH-rah

Translations: is situated beside, lies alongside, is placed near

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the verb 'κεῖται' (keitai), meaning 'it lies' or 'it is situated', and the preposition 'παρά' (para), meaning 'beside' or 'near'. Together, 'ΚΕΙΤΑΙΠΑΡΑ' means 'it is situated beside' or 'it lies alongside'. It describes the location of something in relation to another object or geographical feature.

Inflection: Third person singular, Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive (for ΚΕΙΤΑΙ); Does not inflect (for ΠΑΡΑ)

G5620

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OHST

Translations: so that, with the result that, therefore, consequently

Notes: This word is an elided form of ΩΣΤΕ (hōste), meaning 'so that' or 'with the result that'. It introduces a clause expressing the consequence or result of a preceding action or statement. It can also be used to indicate a logical conclusion, similar to 'therefore' or 'consequently'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟ, ΑΡΑ

Etymology: From the adverb ὡς (hōs, 'as, how') and the particle τέ (te, 'and, also'). It literally means 'as also' or 'as then', developing into a conjunction indicating result.

G1519, G1487, G1488

Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb

Sounds like: E

Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are

Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).

G5101

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE

Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing

Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.

G5108

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: toy-OO-ton

Translations: such, such a, of such a kind, such a one, such a thing

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'such' or 'of such a kind'. It is used to describe something that is of a particular nature, quality, or degree, often referring back to something previously mentioned or implied. It can be used to emphasize the quality of a person or thing.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΤΟΙΟΣΔΕ, ΤΟΣΟΥΤΟΣ

Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun ΤΟΙΟΣ (toios, "such") and the enclitic particle -ΟΥΤΟΣ (-outos, "this").

G1271

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-eh-neh-NOH-ehn-toh

Translations: they had intended, they had purposed, they had considered, they had thought

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from 'διά' (through, thoroughly) and 'νοέω' (to perceive, to think). It means to think through, to consider thoroughly, to intend, or to purpose. It describes a mental process of deliberation or forming an intention. In this form, it indicates an action that was completed in the past relative to another past action.

Inflection: 3rd Person Plural, Pluperfect, Indicative, Middle/Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΕΥΟΜΑΙ, ΕΝΘΥΜΕΟΜΑΙ, ΜΕΛΛΩ

Etymology: The word διανοέομαι (dianoéomai) is derived from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'thoroughly', and the verb νοέω (noeō), meaning 'to perceive' or 'to think'. It signifies a comprehensive or deep process of thought.

Part of Speech: Unknown

Sounds like: RAH-steen

Translations: unknown

Notes: It is not clear what this word means. 'ΡΑΣΤΗΝ (RASTĒN) does not appear to be a standard or recognized word in Koine Greek. It is highly probable that this is a misspelling or a garbled form of another word. Given the context provided, which repeatedly uses 'ΠΑΡΑΣΤΗΝΑΙ' (PARASTĒNAI), it is possible that 'ΡΑΣΤΗΝ' is a typo or corruption of a word related to 'ΠΑΡΑΣΤΗΝΑΙ' (to stand by, to present oneself). Without further context or correction, its meaning remains unknown.

Inflection: Unknown

G3303

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN

Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however

Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.

G5267

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: hoo-po-do-KHEEN

Translations: reception, a reception, welcome, a welcome, entertainment, an entertainment, hospitality, a hospitality

Notes: This word refers to the act of receiving or welcoming someone or something, often implying hospitality or entertainment. It can also refer to the place where something is received or stored, such as a receptacle for water. It is used to describe the act of giving or receiving a guest, or the provision of a place for something to be held.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΕΞΙΩΣΙΣ, ΦΙΛΟΞΕΝΙΑ

G4100

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pis-tef-THEYS

Translations: having been entrusted, having been believed, having been committed, having been put in trust

Notes: This word is a past participle, meaning 'having been entrusted' or 'having been believed'. It describes someone or something that has had trust placed in them, or to whom something has been committed. It is often used to indicate that a person has been given a responsibility or a task because they were deemed trustworthy.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΜΠΙΣΤΕΥΘΕΙΣ, ΑΝΑΤΕΘΕΙΣ

G2983

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: lah-BOHN

Translations: taking, having taken, receiving, having received, seizing, having seized

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take,' 'to receive,' or 'to seize.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. It often indicates the means or circumstance by which another action takes place. For example, 'having taken the book, he read it' or 'receiving the gift, she smiled.'

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Singular, Masculine, Nominative

Synonyms: ΚΟΜΙΣΑΜΕΝΟΣ, ΔΕΞΑΜΕΝΟΣ, ΕΙΛΗΦΩΣ

G1849

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ex-oo-SEE-an

Translations: authority, power, right, a right, jurisdiction, a jurisdiction, liberty, a liberty

Notes: This word refers to the right or power to do something, often implying delegated authority or freedom to act. It can describe official power, the ability to act, or even the freedom to choose.

Inflection: Singular, Feminine, Accusative

Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΜΙΣ, ΚΡΑΤΟΣ, ΙΣΧΥΣ

Etymology: From the Greek verb ἔξεστι (exesti), meaning 'it is lawful' or 'it is permitted'. It denotes the state of being free to act, hence authority or power.

G4238

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: PRAH-teh-in

Translations: to do, to perform, to practice, to accomplish, to fare, to act

Notes: This verb means to do, to perform, or to accomplish something. It can also refer to how one fares or gets along, often in the sense of 'to do well' or 'to be well'. It describes actions or activities, often with a focus on the process or the habitual nature of the action.

Inflection: Present Active Infinitive

Synonyms: ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: From an intensive form of an obsolete primary verb, meaning to pass through, hence to experience, i.e. to do or make. It is related to the idea of passing through or accomplishing a task.

Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral, Prefix

Sounds like: AL-fah (as the letter name), ah (as the sound)

Translations: Alpha, A, one, un-, a-

Notes: This is the first letter of the Greek alphabet, equivalent to the English 'A'. It can also function as the numeral '1'. Furthermore, it is commonly used as a prefix (known as the 'alpha privative') when placed before a word, indicating negation, absence, or the opposite of the word's meaning, similar to the English prefixes 'un-' or 'a-'. For example, 'atheist' (without God) comes from 'a-' (without) and 'theos' (God).

Inflection: Does not inflect as a letter or numeral. As a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the word it precedes.

Etymology: The letter 'Alpha' is derived from the Phoenician letter 'aleph', which meant 'ox'. It was adopted by the Greeks and became the first letter of their alphabet.

G3195

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-MEL-lay-sen

Translations: he was about to, he intended, he delayed, he hesitated

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb μέλλω. It means 'to be about to', 'to intend', 'to be on the point of', or 'to delay/hesitate'. It is often used with an infinitive to express an impending action or intention. For example, 'he was about to go' or 'he intended to speak'. It can also imply a delay in doing something.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΟΦΕΙΛΩ, ΔΕΩ, ΕΠΙΧΕΙΡΕΩ

G1810

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: eks-AIF-nees

Translations: suddenly, unexpectedly, at once

Notes: This word is an adverb that describes an action or event happening without warning or preparation. It indicates an abrupt and unforeseen occurrence, similar to how one might say 'all of a sudden' in English. It is used to emphasize the suddenness of something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑἸΦΝΙΔΙΩΣ, ἈΦΝΩ

Etymology: The word ἘΞΑΙΦΝΗΣ is an adverb formed from the preposition ἐκ (ek, 'out of') and the noun αἴφνης (aiphnes, 'suddenness'), which itself is related to ἄφνω (aphno, 'suddenly'). It conveys the sense of something emerging 'out of suddenness'.

G4012

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

G4328

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pros-doh-KON-tone

Translations: of those expecting, of those waiting for, of those looking for, of those anticipating

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'προσδοκάω' (prosdokao), which means 'to expect,' 'to wait for,' or 'to look for.' As a participle, 'ΠΡΟΣΔΟΚΩΝΤΩΝ' functions like an adjective or noun, describing 'those who are expecting' or 'those who are waiting.' It is a compound word formed from 'πρός' (pros, meaning 'to' or 'towards') and 'δοκάω' (dokao, meaning 'to think' or 'to seem').

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΚΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΠΕΚΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The verb 'προσδοκάω' (prosdokao) is a compound of 'πρός' (pros), meaning 'to, towards, in addition to,' and 'δοκάω' (dokao), meaning 'to think, to seem, to expect.' The combination implies thinking towards something or expecting something to happen.

G1519

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G1688

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: en-EH-bal-en

Translations: he threw in, he cast in, he put in, he poured in, he inserted

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to throw in', 'to cast in', or 'to put in'. It describes the action of placing something inside another thing, often with force or intention. It is typically used in a past tense context, indicating an action that was completed.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΕΙΣΒΑΛΛΩ, ΕΜΠΙΠΤΩ, ΕΙΣΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ἘΜΒΑΛΛΩ is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἘΝ (en), meaning 'in' or 'into', and the verb ΒΑΛΛΩ (ballō), meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast'.

G0073

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-GOHN-toh

Translations: they were struggling, they were contending, they were fighting, they were striving

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'ἀγωνίζομαι' (agōnizomai), meaning 'to contend for a prize, struggle, fight'. It describes an action of intense effort or struggle, often in a competitive context. It can be used to describe physical struggles, mental contests, or even spiritual battles.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Imperfect Indicative, Middle Voice

Synonyms: ΜΑΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΑΛΑΙΩ, ΕΡΙΖΩ

G5079

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: TEK-tohn

Translations: craftsman, a craftsman, builder, a builder, carpenter, a carpenter

Notes: This word refers to a craftsman, builder, or carpenter. It is used to describe someone who works with their hands, often in construction or skilled trades. In the provided examples, it appears in various inflected forms, such as 'ΤΕΚΤΟΝΟΣ' (of a craftsman) and 'ΤΕΚΤΟΝΩΝ' (of craftsmen). The form 'ΕΚΤΟΝ' is likely a misspelling or a garbled version of 'ΤΕΚΤΩΝ' or one of its inflected forms, as 'ΤΕΚΤΩΝ' is a common word in Koine Greek, while 'ΕΚΤΟΝ' is not recognized.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΗΜΙΟΥΡΓΟΣ, ΕΡΓΑΤΗΣ

G3778

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: (to) this, (for) this, (by) this, (in) this, (with) this

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'this' or 'that'. In its dative singular form, as 'ΤΟΥΤΩ', it indicates the indirect object of an action, or the means, instrument, or location. It can be translated as 'to this', 'for this', 'by this', 'in this', or 'with this', depending on the context. It points to something specific that is near or recently mentioned.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

G5100

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE-nas

Translations: who, what, some, any, some people, any people, some things, any things

Notes: ΤΙΝΑΣ is an inflected form of the pronoun/adjective ΤΙΣ. It serves as both an interrogative (asking 'who?' or 'what?') and an indefinite (meaning 'someone,' 'something,' 'some,' or 'any'). In this form, it is the masculine or feminine, plural, accusative case. It can be used to ask about the identity of multiple people or things, or to refer to an unspecified group of people or things.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine or Feminine

G4846

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-eh-MAH-khoon

Translations: they were allied with, they fought with, they helped in war

Notes: This word is the imperfect indicative active, third person plural form of the verb 'συμμαχέω' (symmachéō), meaning 'to be an ally, to fight with, to help in war'. It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, indicating that a group of people were continuously or habitually acting as allies or fighting alongside someone.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΕΡΓΕΩ, ΒΟΗΘΕΩ

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: khal-kee-dee-KAYS

Translations: (of) Chalcidice, (of) Chalcidian

Notes: This word is an adjective referring to something belonging to or originating from Chalcidice. Chalcidice was a region in ancient Macedonia, known for its cities and resources. It is used here in the genitive case, indicating possession or origin.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The word Χαλκιδική (Chalkidike) is derived from Χαλκίς (Chalkis), an ancient Greek city. The suffix -ική indicates belonging or origin, thus meaning 'of Chalkis' or 'Chalkidian'.

G3004

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: leh-go-MEH-nays

Translations: of the one being called, of the one being said, of the so-called, of the one named

Notes: This word is the genitive singular feminine form of the present passive participle of the verb 'ΛΕΓΩ' (lego), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. As a participle, it functions adjectivally, describing a feminine noun. It refers to something or someone that is being called, named, or referred to in a particular way, often translated as 'of the so-called' or 'of the one being called'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine, Present, Passive, Participle

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΟΥΜΕΝΗΣ, ΟΝΟΜΑΖΟΜΕΝΗΣ

Etymology: The word 'ΛΕΓΩ' (lego) comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to gather, to collect, to speak'. In Greek, it evolved to primarily mean 'to speak' or 'to say'.

G0713

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ah-ris-TOH-boo-los

Translations: Aristobulus

Notes: Aristobulus is a male proper name of Greek origin. It was a common name among Hellenistic rulers and prominent figures, including members of the Hasmonean dynasty and the family of Herod the Great. The name is a compound word meaning 'best counselor' or 'best-advising'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Ἀριστόβουλος (Aristoboulos) is derived from the Greek words ἄριστος (aristos), meaning 'best' or 'excellent', and βουλή (boulē), meaning 'counsel' or 'plan'.

G2564

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ka-loo-MEH-nays

Translations: called, being called, named, being named, a called one, a named one

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'καλέω' (kaleō), meaning 'to call' or 'to name'. It describes someone or something that is being called or named. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, and can also be used substantively to refer to 'the one who is called' or 'the one who is named'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine, Present, Passive

Synonyms: ΟΝΟΜΑΖΟΜΕΝΗΣ, ΠΡΟΣΑΓΟΡΕΥΟΜΕΝΗΣ

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOYS

Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her

Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

G4012, G3588

Part of Speech: Preposition, Article

Sounds like: PEH-ree TEEN

Translations: concerning the, about the, around the, for the, with regard to the

Notes: This is a compound phrase formed by the preposition 'ΠΕΡΙ' (peri), meaning 'around, about, concerning,' and the definite article 'ΤΗΝ' (tēn), which is the accusative singular feminine form of 'the'. Together, 'ΠΕΡΙ ΤΗΝ' is used to indicate a relationship of being around something, concerning something, or with regard to something, specifically a feminine singular noun in the accusative case. It functions as a prepositional phrase.

Inflection: Preposition (does not inflect), Article (Singular, Accusative, Feminine)

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-nan-tah-goh-nis-TAH

Translations: uncontested, unopposed, without opposition, unchallengeable

Notes: This word describes something that is not opposed or challenged. It indicates a situation where there is no resistance or competition. It is a compound word formed from the negative prefix 'ἀν-' (an-), meaning 'not' or 'without', and 'ἀνταγωνιστής' (antagonistēs), meaning 'opponent' or 'competitor'. Thus, it literally means 'without an opponent'.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΜΑΧΟΣ, ΑΝΕΠΙΜΑΧΟΣ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the negative prefix ἀν- (an-), meaning 'not' or 'without', and ἀνταγωνιστής (antagonistēs), meaning 'opponent' or 'competitor'. The latter part derives from ἀντί (anti), meaning 'against', and ἀγωνίζομαι (agonizomai), meaning 'to contend' or 'to struggle'.

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

G3762

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: oo-DACE

Translations: no one, nobody, nothing, none, no

Notes: This word is a compound negative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'no one,' 'nobody,' 'nothing,' or 'no.' It is formed from the negative particle 'οὐ' (not), the connective particle 'δέ' (but, and), and the numeral 'εἷς' (one). It is used to express absolute negation, indicating the complete absence of something or someone. When used as an adjective, it modifies a noun to mean 'no' or 'not any.'

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΔΕΝ, ΜΗΔΕΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΥ̓ΔΕΙΣ is a compound of the negative particle ΟΥ̓ (not), the connective particle ΔΕ (but, and), and the numeral ΕΙΣ (one). It literally means 'not even one' or 'not one at all,' emphasizing a complete negation.

G2309, G5495

Part of Speech: Verb, Noun

Sounds like: ee-THEH-leh-KHEI-ras

Translations: wanted hands, wished hands, desired hands, desired to lay hands

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the verb 'θέλω' (thelo), meaning 'to wish' or 'to want', and the noun 'χείρ' (cheir), meaning 'hand'. The form 'ἠθέλε' is the imperfect active indicative of 'θέλω', meaning 'he/she/it was wanting' or 'he/she/it wanted'. The form 'χείρας' is the accusative plural of 'χείρ', meaning 'hands'. Together, 'ἠθέλεχείρας' means 'he/she/it wanted hands' or 'he/she/it desired to lay hands'. It describes someone's desire or intention to use their hands, often in a context of action or intervention.

Inflection: Imperfect Active Indicative (for the verb part), Accusative Plural (for the noun part)

G0480

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: an-TAI-rain

Translations: to resist, to oppose, to lift up against, to raise hands against

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from ἀντί (anti, meaning 'against') and αἴρω (airō, meaning 'to lift' or 'to take up'). It signifies the act of lifting or raising something, especially one's hands, in opposition or resistance to someone or something. It is used to describe a direct confrontation or an act of defiance.

Inflection: Present Active Infinitive

Synonyms: ἈΝΘΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ, ἈΝΤΙΛΕΓΩ, ἈΝΤΙΤΑΤΤΩ

Etymology: The word ἀνταίρω is a compound of the preposition ἀντί (anti), meaning 'against' or 'opposite to', and the verb αἴρω (airō), meaning 'to lift', 'to take up', or 'to raise'.

G4363

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pros-peh-SOO-sees

Translations: of falling upon, of falling down before, of prostrating oneself, of happening, of occurring

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to fall upon' or 'to happen'. It describes an action that has already occurred, indicating something that has fallen upon, happened to, or occurred for someone or something. It often implies an unexpected or sudden event, or an act of prostration or supplication.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΙΠΤΩ, ΣΥΜΒΑΙΝΩ, ΕΠΙΠΙΠΤΩ

G3761

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: oo-DEH

Translations: not even, neither, nor, and not

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the conjunction 'δέ' (but, and). It is used to emphasize a negation, meaning 'not even' or 'neither/nor'. It can connect clauses or phrases, indicating that something is also not true or not happening. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'He did not go, nor did he send anyone.'

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΜΗΔΕ, ΜΗ

Etymology: From the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the postpositive conjunction 'δέ' (but, and).

G1097

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eg-NOH

Translations: knew, recognized, understood, perceived

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'γινώσκω' (ginōskō), meaning 'to know' or 'to come to know'. It describes an action of knowing or recognizing that occurred in the past, often implying a completed or definite act of gaining knowledge or understanding. It can be used in sentences like 'he knew' or 'she recognized'.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΟΙΔΑ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ

G5613

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to

Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.

G2641

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: kah-tah-lee-PON

Translations: leaving, forsaking, abandoning, deserting, remaining, being left behind

Notes: ΚΑΤΑΛΙΠΩΝ is the aorist active participle of the verb ΚΑΤΑΛΕΙΠΩ, meaning 'to leave behind, forsake, abandon, or desert'. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (down, against) and the verb ΛΕΙΠΩ (to leave). As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action performed by the subject, often translated as 'having left' or 'by leaving'. It can also imply a state of being left behind or remaining.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΑΦΙΗΜΙ, ΕΓΚΑΤΑΛΕΙΠΩ, ΛΕΙΠΩ

G5260

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-pex-el-THAYN

Translations: to go out from under, to escape, to withdraw, to get out, to come out from under

Notes: This word is an aorist infinitive form of the verb ὑπεξέρχομαι (hypexerchomai), which is a compound verb formed from three parts: ὑπό (hypo, 'under' or 'from under'), ἐξ (ex, 'out of'), and ἔρχομαι (erchomai, 'to come' or 'to go'). It means to go out from under something, implying an escape or withdrawal from a place or situation, often with the nuance of getting out from beneath a burden or constraint. It describes the action of leaving a place or situation, particularly one that might be oppressive or dangerous.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΚΦΕΥΓΩ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΡΑΣΚΩ, ΑΝΑΧΩΡΕΩ

G0302

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: AHN

Translations: if, ever, might, would, should

Notes: This word is a particle used to express contingency, possibility, or potentiality. It does not have a direct English equivalent but modifies the meaning of the verb it accompanies, often indicating that an action is dependent on a condition or is hypothetical. It is frequently used with the subjunctive or optative moods to form conditional clauses or express indefinite temporal or relative clauses.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The origin of this particle is uncertain, but it is believed to be an ancient particle in Greek, possibly related to the concept of 'on' or 'up' in some contexts, though its primary function became conditional.

G3633

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: OY-oh-MEH-nos

Translations: thinking, supposing, imagining, believing

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to think' or 'to suppose'. It describes someone who is currently thinking, supposing, or imagining something. It is often used to indicate a person's belief or opinion about a situation.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΝΟΜΙΖΩ, ἩΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΔΟΚΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΟἼΟΜΑΙ (oiomai) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the root *oi- meaning 'to think' or 'to suppose'.

G2513

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ka-tha-RON

Translations: clean, pure, innocent, a clean thing, a pure thing

Notes: This word describes something that is free from dirt, defilement, or moral impurity. It can refer to physical cleanliness, ritual purity, or moral blamelessness. It is often used to describe things that are unmixed or unadulterated. In a sentence, it would modify a noun, indicating its state of purity or cleanliness.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΓΝΟΣ, ΑΜΙΑΝΤΟΣ, ΑΜΩΜΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΘΑΡΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the verb καθαίρω (kathairō), meaning 'to cleanse' or 'to purify'.

G4514, G846

Part of Speech: Noun, Pronoun

Sounds like: roh-MAI-oys-OW-ton

Translations: to the Romans, to the Romans him, to the Romans himself

Notes: This appears to be a compound of two separate Koine Greek words, 'ΡΩΜΑΙΟΙΣ' (Rōmaiois) and 'ΑΥΤΟΝ' (Auton), written together without a space. This is likely a scribal error or a very unusual elision/crasis. 'ΡΩΜΑΙΟΙΣ' is the dative plural of 'ΡΩΜΑΙΟΣ' (Rōmaios), meaning 'Romans' or 'Roman people', and translates to 'to the Romans' or 'for the Romans'. 'ΑΥΤΟΝ' is the masculine singular accusative form of 'ΑΥΤΟΣ' (Autos), meaning 'him' or 'himself'. When combined, it would mean 'to the Romans him' or 'to the Romans himself'. It's not clear why these two words would be written as one, as they are typically separate.

Inflection: ΡΩΜΑΙΟΙΣ: Plural, Dative, Masculine; ΑΥΤΟΝ: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

G4281

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pro-EL-thohn

Translations: having gone forth, having gone forward, having come forth, having advanced, having proceeded

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle of the verb 'προέρχομαι' (proerchomai), meaning 'to go forth' or 'to go forward'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred, often functioning adverbially to modify the main verb in a sentence. It indicates that someone or something has moved from one place to another, or advanced in some way, before the action of the main verb takes place.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΞΕΛΘΩΝ, ΠΡΟΒΑΙΝΩΝ

G0575, G3588

Part of Speech: Preposition, Article

Sounds like: ah-poh-TACE

Translations: from the, away from the

Notes: This is a compound phrase, not a single word. It consists of the preposition 'ἀπό' (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the genitive feminine singular form of the definite article 'τῆς' (tēs), meaning 'the'. Together, 'ἀπὸ τῆς' means 'from the' or 'away from the', typically preceding a feminine singular noun in the genitive case. It indicates separation, origin, or cause.

Inflection: Preposition + Definite Article, Singular, Genitive, Feminine

G4712

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: sta-DEE-oos

Translations: stadia, furlongs, race-courses, a stadium, a furlong, a race-course

Notes: This word refers to a stadium or a race-course, which was a common venue for athletic contests in ancient times. It also serves as a unit of measurement, specifically a 'stadium' or 'furlong,' which was approximately 600 Greek feet or about 185 meters (607 feet). It is used to indicate distance, often in the plural to denote multiple units of this measure.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: From Ancient Greek στάδιον (stadion), referring to a fixed standard of length, especially the length of a race-course. It is related to ἵστημι (histēmi, “to stand”).

G1763

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: en-OW-toh

Translations: in it, therein, in the same, in the same year

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the adjective 'ἘΝΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ', meaning 'the same' or 'in the same year'. In context, it often functions adverbially to mean 'in it' or 'therein', referring to a previously mentioned place or time. It can also specifically refer to 'in the same year'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: Ὁ ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ, ΟΥ̓ΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἘΝΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ (enautos) is derived from the preposition ἘΝ (en), meaning 'in', and ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ (autos), meaning 'self' or 'same'.

G2692

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-oo-LI-zeh-teh

Translations: lodges, encamps, takes up quarters, settles down, dwells

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb αὐλίζομαι (aulizomai), meaning 'to lodge' or 'to encamp'. Together, it means to lodge, encamp, or take up quarters, often implying a temporary or overnight stay. It describes the action of settling down in a place, typically for rest or shelter.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΑΥΛΙΖΟΜΑΙ, ΣΚΗΝΟΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΥΩ

Etymology: The word is derived from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb αὐλίζομαι (aulizomai), which comes from αὐλή (aulē), meaning 'courtyard' or 'dwelling'. Thus, it originally referred to lodging in a courtyard or dwelling.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G2638

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: kah-tah-lay-psoh-MEH-noos

Translations: those who will seize, those who will overtake, those who will apprehend, those who will lay hold of, those who will grasp, those who will comprehend

Notes: This word is a future participle of the verb 'katalambanō', meaning 'to seize', 'to overtake', 'to apprehend', 'to lay hold of', 'to grasp', or 'to comprehend'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or noun, describing someone or something that will perform the action of the verb. In this form, it refers to 'those who will seize' or 'those who are about to seize'. It is often used to describe people who are sent to take control of something or someone.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine, Future, Middle/Passive Participle

Synonyms: ΛΗΨΟΜΕΝΟΥΣ, ΚΑΤΑΣΧΟΝΤΑΣ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΒΟΝΤΑΣ

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: DEE

Translations: through, by means of, on account of, because of, 14

Notes: This word is most commonly an elided form of the preposition ΔΙΑ (dia), meaning 'through', 'by means of', 'on account of', or 'because of'. It is used to indicate the means by which something is done or the reason for an action. It can also represent the Greek numeral 14, indicated by a keraia (a mark similar to an apostrophe) which is often omitted in transcription.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or numeral)

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΥΠΟ, ΕΝΕΚΕΝ

Etymology: The preposition ΔΙΑ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G1565

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: eh-KAY-nohn

Translations: of those, of them, those

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'that' or 'those'. In this inflected form, it indicates possession or origin, translating to 'of those' or 'of them'. It is used to refer to people or things that are distant in space or time, or to distinguish them from others. For example, it might be used in a phrase like 'the houses of those people' or 'the events of those days'.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΩΝ, ΤΟΥΤΩΝ

G2192

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EE-kheh

Translations: he had, she had, it had, he was having, she was having, it was having

Notes: This word is the third person singular imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, or a state of possession that existed in the past. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'He had a house' or 'She was holding the book'.

Inflection: Third person, Singular, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΚΤΩΜΑΙ, ΚΕΚΤΗΜΑΙ

G4172

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: POH-lin

Translations: city, a city

Notes: The word 'πόλιν' is the accusative singular form of the noun 'πόλις', meaning 'city'. It refers to a populated place, typically larger than a village, with a defined administrative structure. As an accusative case, it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions, indicating the destination or the object being acted upon. For example, one might 'go into the city' or 'see the city'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The word 'πόλις' comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to a fortified place or citadel. It developed to mean a city-state in ancient Greece, encompassing both the physical settlement and its citizens.

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOS

Translations: he, she, it, they, him, her, it, them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, same, very

Notes: ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is a versatile word in Koine Greek. As a third-person pronoun, it translates to 'he, she, it' or 'they' in the nominative case, and 'him, her, it' or 'them' in other cases. When used intensively, often in the nominative or immediately following the noun, it means 'himself, herself, itself, themselves' or 'even, very'. When used as an adjective with the definite article (e.g., 'ὁ αὐτὸς'), it means 'the same'. Its meaning depends on its grammatical function and position in the sentence.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΣ, ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a pronominal stem *au- or *aw-.

G0243, G1411

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: AL-lehs-dy-NAH-meh-ohs

Translations: of other power, of another power, of other strength, of another strength, of other ability, of another ability

Notes: This is a compound word formed from 'ἄλλος' (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another', and 'δύναμις' (dynamis), meaning 'power', 'strength', or 'ability'. It describes something possessing power or strength that is distinct or different from what has been previously mentioned or implied. It would be used in a sentence to specify the nature of a power or ability as being 'other' or 'another'.

Inflection: Genitive, Singular, Feminine

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: ep

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, by, before, among, concerning, with

Notes: This word is a preposition, often used as a prefix in compound words. It is a shortened form of the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), which loses its final vowel when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark. Its precise meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it often means 'on, upon, over' (of place) or 'at, during' (of time); with the dative, it can mean 'on, at, by' (of place), 'in addition to', or 'for, because of'; and with the accusative, it typically means 'to, toward, against' (of motion) or 'over, upon' (of extent).

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ὙΠΕΡ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ (epi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'on, at, near'.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-POY-ay-toh

Translations: was making, was doing, made, did, was producing, was performing

Notes: This word is the imperfect middle or passive indicative form of the verb 'poieō'. It describes an action that was ongoing or repeated in the past. In the middle voice, it means 'was making for oneself' or 'was doing for oneself'. In the passive voice, it means 'was being made' or 'was being done'. The context usually clarifies whether it's middle or passive.

Inflection: Imperfect, Middle or Passive, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ

G3376, G3378

Part of Speech: Noun, Adverb

Sounds like: MAYN

Translations: month, a month, surely, indeed, truly, certainly

Notes: This word has two primary meanings in Koine Greek. As a noun (G3378), it refers to a 'month', a period of time. As an adverb (G3376), it functions as an emphatic particle, meaning 'surely', 'indeed', 'truly', or 'certainly', often used to confirm or emphasize a statement. It can also be used in questions to expect a positive answer.

Inflection: Noun: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, Dative; Adverb: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΤΟΣ, ΑΛΗΘΩΣ, ΟΝΤΩΣ

Etymology: The noun 'ΜΗΝ' (month) comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to the moon and its cycle. The adverb 'ΜΗΝ' (surely) is also of uncertain but ancient origin, possibly related to particles of affirmation.

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-POH

Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.

G318

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-nang-KAYS

Translations: of necessity, of distress, of compulsion, of trouble, of constraint

Notes: This word refers to a state of necessity, compulsion, or distress. It can describe an unavoidable obligation or a difficult situation. In its genitive form, as seen here, it indicates possession or origin, often translated as 'of necessity' or 'of distress', showing that something belongs to or arises from a state of necessity or trouble.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΘΛΙΨΕΩΣ, ΣΤΕΝΟΧΩΡΙΑΣ, ΠΙΕΣΕΩΣ

G4254

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pro-ACH-thay

Translations: was led forward, was brought forth, was advanced, was promoted, was led out, was led on

Notes: This word is the third person singular, aorist passive indicative form of the verb προάγω (proagō). It describes an action that happened in the past, where someone or something was led, brought, or advanced by an external agent. It can imply being led forward physically, or being promoted in status or position.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist, Passive, Indicative

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΓΩ, ΕΞΑΓΩ, ΠΡΟΒΑΙΝΩ

G0235

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: AL-lah

Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed

Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.

G5177

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: too-KHEEN

Translations: fortune, luck, chance, a fortune, a luck, a chance

Notes: This word refers to fortune, luck, or chance, often personified as a goddess in ancient thought. It describes the outcome of events, whether good or bad, that are not attributed to human agency or direct divine will. It can be used in sentences to refer to one's destiny or the random occurrences of life.

Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Feminine

Synonyms: ΜΟΙΡΑ, ΕΙΜΑΡΜΕΝΗ

Etymology: The word ΤΥΧΗ (tyche) comes from the verb τυγχάνω (tynchanō), meaning 'to happen' or 'to obtain by chance'. It refers to that which happens or falls to one's lot.

G3602

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: oh-DY-roh-MEH-nos

Translations: lamenting, mourning, bewailing, grieving

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle derived from the verb 'ὀδύρομαι' (odyromai), meaning 'to lament' or 'to mourn'. It describes someone who is currently engaged in the act of lamenting, mourning, or bewailing something. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, or like an adverb, describing the manner of an action.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΠΕΝΘΩΝ, ΚΛΑΙΩΝ, ΘΡΗΝΩΝ

Etymology: The verb ὀδύρομαι (odyromai) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to a root meaning 'to wail' or 'to cry out'.

G1163

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: DEH-oy

Translations: it is necessary, it is proper, it is fitting, one must, one ought

Notes: This word is an impersonal verb, meaning 'it is necessary' or 'it is proper'. It often indicates a moral or logical obligation, or what is fitting in a given situation. It is typically used with an infinitive or a clause to express what needs to be done or what ought to happen.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Present Optative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΧΡΗ, ΠΡΟΣΗΚΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *deh₁- 'to bind'. In Koine Greek, it evolved to mean 'to lack, to need', and impersonally, 'it is necessary'.

G3958

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pa-THAYN

Translations: to suffer, to experience, to undergo, to endure

Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'πάσχω' (paschō). It means 'to suffer,' 'to experience,' 'to undergo,' or 'to endure.' It is used to express the action of experiencing something, often something difficult or painful, but it can also refer to experiencing something generally. As an infinitive, it functions like the English 'to suffer' or 'to experience' and can be used as the object of another verb or to express purpose.

Inflection: Infinitive, Aorist, Active

Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΠΑΘΕΩ, ΥΠΟΜΕΝΩ

G5278

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-peh-MEH-neh

Translations: he endured, she endured, it endured, he remained, she remained, it remained, he persevered, she persevered, it persevered

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to endure,' 'to remain,' or 'to persevere.' It implies a steadfastness in the face of difficulty or a continued presence in a place or state. It is often used to describe someone who patiently bears up under trials or remains faithful.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΚΑΡΤΕΡΕΩ, ΑΝΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΥΠΟΜΕΝΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ὑπό (hupó, “under”) + μένω (ménō, “to remain, to stay”). It literally means 'to remain under' or 'to stay under,' conveying the idea of enduring or persevering through something.

G4171

Part of Speech: Noun, Proper Noun

Sounds like: POH-leh-mohn

Translations: war, battle, fight, of wars, of battles, of fights, Polemon

Notes: This word can refer to a war, battle, or fight. It is often used in the plural to refer to multiple conflicts. It can also be used as a proper noun, referring to the personal name Polemon. In the provided examples, it appears both as a common noun in the genitive plural (meaning 'of wars') and potentially as a proper noun (Polemon).

Inflection: Singular, Nominative (Proper Noun); Plural, Genitive (Common Noun)

Synonyms: ΜΑΧΗ, ΕΡΙΣ, ΑΓΩΝ

G1748

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: em-PEI-roys

Translations: experienced, skilled, expert, practiced

Notes: This word describes someone who is experienced or skilled in a particular area, often through practice or observation. It implies a deep familiarity and competence gained over time. It can be used to describe a person who is an expert in their field.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΜΠΕΙΡΩΝ, ΕΜΠΕΙΡΙΑ, ΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΩΝ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the prefix 'ἐν' (en), meaning 'in' or 'on', and 'πεῖρα' (peira), meaning 'trial', 'attempt', or 'experience'. Thus, it literally means 'in trial' or 'having been tried', leading to the sense of experienced.

G4516

Part of Speech: Proper Noun, Noun

Sounds like: ROH-may

Translations: Rome, strength, power, might, a strength, a power, a might

Notes: This word can refer to the city of Rome, the capital of the Roman Empire. It can also mean 'strength,' 'power,' or 'might,' referring to physical or moral force. In the context of strength, it describes the inherent ability or vigor to accomplish something. It can be used to describe the strength of a person, an animal, or even a concept.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΜΙΣ, ΙΣΧΥΣ, ΚΡΑΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ῥώμη (rhōmē) meaning 'strength' is of uncertain origin, possibly related to ῥώννυμι (rhōnnymi, 'to strengthen'). The city name 'Rome' (Ῥώμη) is thought to be derived from this word, implying 'the city of strength' or 'the strong city'.

G1308

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-ah-FEH-roo-sin

Translations: they differ, they carry through, they excel, they are better, they are carried through, they are borne through, they endure, they are distinct

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΔΙΑ (DIA, meaning 'through' or 'apart') and the verb ΦΕΡΩ (PHERO, meaning 'to carry' or 'to bear'). In its various forms, it can mean to carry through, to bear through, to endure, to differ, to excel, or to be distinct. It is often used to describe things that are different from each other, or to indicate superiority or distinction.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΚΡΙΝΩ, ΥΠΕΡΕΧΩ, ΔΙΑΣΤΕΛΛΩ

G4488

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: HRAH-dee-on

Translations: easy, a easy thing, easy to do, readily, easily

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'easy' or 'ready'. It describes something that is not difficult to do or accomplish. In the provided examples, it is used with 'οὐ' (ou) meaning 'not', so 'οὐ ῥᾴδιον' means 'not easy' or 'difficult'. It can be used to describe tasks, situations, or concepts.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΕΥΚΟΛΟΣ, ΚΟΥΦΟΣ

Etymology: The word ῥᾴδιος (rhadios) is thought to be derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wreh₁dʰ- meaning 'to grow, to sprout', which evolved to mean 'easy' or 'ready' in Greek, perhaps implying something that comes forth readily or without effort.

G2902

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kar-teh-REH-in

Translations: to endure, to persevere, to be steadfast, to hold out, to bear up, to be strong

Notes: This word means to endure, persevere, or be steadfast. It implies a sense of strength and resilience in facing difficulties or challenges. It is often used to describe someone who holds firm or bears up under pressure, pain, or adversity, showing fortitude and not giving in.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΥΠΟΜΕΝΩ, ΑΝΤΕΧΩ, ΕΓΚΑΡΤΕΡΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΡΤΕΡΕΩ comes from the adjective ΚΑΡΤΕΡΟΣ (karteros), meaning 'strong, mighty, firm'. It is related to ΚΡΑΤΟΣ (kratos), meaning 'strength, power'.

G2016

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ep-ee-fa-NEES

Translations: manifest, conspicuous, illustrious, notable, glorious, a glorious one

Notes: This word describes something or someone that is clearly visible, prominent, or distinguished. It can refer to something that is evident or apparent, or to a person who is famous, noble, or of high standing. It is often used to describe a divine manifestation or a significant event.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΦΑΝΕΡΟΣ, ΕΝΔΟΞΟΣ, ΠΕΡΙΒΛΕΠΤΟΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἐπιφανής (epiphanḗs), from ἐπιφαίνω (epiphaínō, “to show forth, appear”), from ἐπί (epí, “upon, to”) + φαίνω (phaínō, “to shine, appear”).

G5037

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle

Sounds like: TEH

Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.

G2565

Part of Speech: Proper Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: kal-LEE-nee-koss

Translations: Kallinikos, Callinicus, victorious, gloriously triumphant

Notes: Kallinikos is a Greek proper name, meaning 'gloriously triumphant' or 'victorious'. It is derived from 'κάλλος' (kallos), meaning 'beauty' or 'glory', and 'νίκη' (nike), meaning 'victory'. It can also be used as an adjective meaning 'victorious' or 'triumphant'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΝΙΚΗΦΟΡΟΣ, ΕΥΝΙΚΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΛΛΙΝΙΚΟΣ is a compound word derived from the Greek words κάλλος (kallos), meaning 'beauty' or 'glory', and νίκη (nike), meaning 'victory'.

G4970

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: SFO-dras

Translations: very, exceedingly, greatly, violently, very great, very strong, of great intensity, of great strength

Notes: This word describes something that is very intense, strong, or violent. It is used to emphasize the degree or extent of an action, quality, or state, often conveying a sense of vehemence or severity. It can be translated as 'very,' 'exceedingly,' or 'greatly' when modifying verbs or other adjectives, or as 'very great' or 'very strong' when modifying nouns.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter; or Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΜΕΓΑΣ, ΙΣΧΥΡΟΣ

G3163

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: MA-khees

Translations: of battle, of fight, of combat, of a battle, of a fight, of a combat

Notes: This word refers to a battle, fight, or combat. It is used to describe a physical conflict or struggle between individuals or groups. As a noun, it can function as the subject or object of a sentence, or in this genitive form, it indicates possession or relationship, often translated with 'of'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΕΜΟΥ, ΑΓΩΝΟΣ, ΕΡΙΔΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΜΑΧΗ (machē) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *magh-, meaning 'to be able, to have power'. It is related to words signifying struggle or combat.

G3844

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: pa-RAH

Translations: beside, by, near, from, with, at, along, beyond, against, through, in the presence of, alongside, a

Notes: This word functions primarily as a preposition, indicating proximity, origin, or comparison. It can mean 'beside,' 'from,' 'with,' 'at,' or 'alongside,' depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used as a prefix in compound words, it often conveys ideas of proximity, deviation, or intensity, such as 'alongside,' 'beyond,' 'contrary to,' or 'through.'

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΣΥΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *per- (meaning 'forward, through'). It is cognate with English 'for' and 'through'.

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: geh-no-MEH-nays

Translations: (of) having become, (of) having happened, (of) being, (of) coming into existence, (of) being born, (of) being made

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become,' 'to happen,' 'to come into existence,' or 'to be made.' As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is in the process of occurring, often functioning like a verbal adjective or an adverbial clause. In this form, it indicates a feminine singular genitive relationship, often translated as 'of having become' or 'when it became' in a genitive absolute construction.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine, Aorist Middle Participle

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΕΣΘΑΙ, ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΟΝ

G3930

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: par-ES-khon

Translations: they provided, they offered, they gave, they granted, they presented

Notes: This word is the third person plural, aorist active indicative form of the verb παρέχω (parechō), meaning 'to provide, offer, give, grant, or present'. It describes an action that was completed in the past by a group of people ('they'). It can be used in sentences to indicate that a group of individuals supplied or made something available.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΠΑΡΕΧΩ, ΠΡΟΣΦΕΡΩ

Etymology: The word παρέχω (parechō) is a compound verb formed from the preposition παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'from', and the verb ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. Together, they convey the sense of 'holding out' or 'presenting from beside oneself'.

G3367

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: MAY-den

Translations: nothing, no one, none, not even one

Notes: This word is a negative indefinite pronoun or adjective, meaning 'nothing' or 'no one'. It is the neuter form of the word 'ΜΗΔΕΙΣ'. It is used to express absolute negation, particularly in contexts involving prohibitions, commands, or with subjunctive and optative moods, indicating that something should not happen or does not exist under certain conditions. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'do nothing' or 'let nothing happen'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΝ

Etymology: The word ΜΗΔΕΙΣ is a compound word formed from the negative particle ΜΗ (meaning 'not') and the numeral ΕΙΣ (meaning 'one'). It literally means 'not even one'.

G1642

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: eh-lat-TOH-thee-see

Translations: (to) having been made less, (to) having been diminished, (to) having been lessened, (to) having been made inferior

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been made less' or 'having been diminished'. It describes something that has undergone a process of reduction or decrease. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, and can also convey a temporal or causal relationship to the main verb of the sentence.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine, Perfect, Passive

Synonyms: ΜΕΙΟΩ, ΕΛΑΧΙΣΤΟΩ

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G1659

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ES-peh-RAH

Translations: evening, a evening, eventide, a eventide, (of) evening, (of) eventide

Notes: This word refers to the evening or eventide, the period of time towards the end of the day, before night. It is commonly used to denote the time when daily activities conclude or when a new period begins, often in the context of a day's end.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Genitive, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΨΙΑ, ΔΥΣΜΗ

Etymology: From an uncertain root, possibly related to the concept of 'west' or 'setting' (as in the setting sun).

G1259

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-eh-LYOO-thay-san

Translations: they were dissolved, they were dispersed, they were broken up, they were separated

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and the verb λύω (lyo), meaning 'to loose' or 'to release'. In this form, it describes an action where a group or entity was broken apart, dispersed, or dissolved. It implies a state of being undone or scattered.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΣΚΟΡΠΙΖΩ, ΔΙΑΣΚΟΡΠΙΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΥΩ

G3761

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: OOD

Translations: not, no, nor, neither, not even

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It is often used in combination with other negative words to strengthen the negation, such as in the phrase "οὐ μή" (ou mē), which conveys a strong, emphatic negation, often translated as "never" or "by no means." It can also function as a conjunction meaning "nor" or "neither," connecting two negative clauses or ideas.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΜΗ

Etymology: From the negative particle οὐ (ou) and the particle δέ (de), meaning 'but' or 'and'. It emphasizes the negation.

G3163, G3778

Part of Speech: Noun, Pronoun

Sounds like: MA-khee-TOO-ton

Translations: this battle, this fight

Notes: This is a compound phrase formed by the noun 'μάχη' (machē), meaning 'battle' or 'fight', and the demonstrative pronoun 'τοῦτον' (touton), meaning 'this' or 'this one'. Together, they mean 'this battle' or 'this fight'. The word 'μάχη' is in the dative case, indicating 'to/for/at/in the battle', and 'τοῦτον' is in the accusative case, which is unusual if it's directly modifying 'μάχη' in the dative. It is more likely that 'ΜΑΧΗΤΟΥΤΟΝ' is a scribal error or a very unusual construction where 'τοῦτον' refers to something else in the accusative, or it's a misreading of two separate words. Given the example usage, 'ἐπὶ τῇ μάχῃ τοῦτον' would mean 'upon this battle' (with 'τοῦτον' referring to something else in the accusative, perhaps 'this man' or 'this thing' related to the battle), or it could be a garbled form of 'τῇ μάχῃ ταύτῃ' (to this battle). It is most probable that 'ΜΑΧΗΤΟΥΤΟΝ' is a misspelling or a conflation of two separate words, 'μάχῃ' and 'τοῦτον', which should be parsed separately.

Inflection: ΜΑΧΗ: Singular, Dative, Feminine; ΤΟΥΤΟΝ: Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter

G5562

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: keh-khoh-RAY-koo-ee-ah

Translations: having gone, having made room, having advanced, having contained, having withdrawn, having come

Notes: This word is a perfect active participle derived from the verb 'χωρέω'. It describes something or someone that has completed the action of going, making room, advancing, containing, or withdrawing. As a participle, it functions adjectivally, modifying a noun, and can also be used substantively (as a noun) or adverbially.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine, Perfect Active Participle

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΥΠΑΓΩ, ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word 'χωρέω' (chōreō) comes from 'χῶρος' (chōros), meaning 'place' or 'space'. It originally meant 'to make room' or 'to give way', and later extended to 'to go', 'to advance', or 'to contain'.

G0414

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-NEK-ton

Translations: tolerable, bearable, endurable, sufferable

Notes: This word describes something that can be endured or tolerated. It is often used to indicate that a situation or action is acceptable or not too difficult to bear. It can also imply that something is less severe or more bearable than something else.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΥΠΟΦΟΡΟΣ, ΑΝΘΕΚΤΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb ἀνέχω (anechō, "to endure, bear, put up with") + the suffix -τος (-tos), which forms verbal adjectives indicating capability or possibility.

G1380

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-DOH-kay

Translations: it seemed, it appeared, it was thought, he seemed, she seemed, it was decided, it was pleasing

Notes: This word is the third person singular imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'δοκέω' (dokeō). It means 'to seem', 'to appear', or 'to be thought'. In the imperfect tense, it describes an action that was ongoing or repeated in the past, or a state that existed in the past. It can also convey the idea of something being decided or pleasing to someone.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΦΑΙΝΩ, ΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word δοκέω (dokeō) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *dek- which means 'to take, accept, receive'. Over time, its meaning evolved to 'to seem, to appear' in Greek, implying an acceptance or perception of something as true or apparent.

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, after, among, behind, by, in company with, in pursuit of, according to

Notes: This word is a preposition that can also function as an adverb. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it usually means 'after' or 'behind' (indicating sequence or pursuit). It can also denote a change of state or position.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases)

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'μετά' (meta) comes from Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is related to English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G5343

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: foo-GAYN

Translations: flight, a flight, escape, a fleeing

Notes: This word refers to the act of fleeing or escaping, often from danger or pursuit. It can describe a rapid departure or a strategic withdrawal. In a sentence, it would typically be used to describe the action of someone or a group of people running away.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΦΥΓΗ, ΕΚΦΥΓΗ

Etymology: The word ΦΥΓΗ (phygē) comes from the verb φεύγω (pheugō), meaning 'to flee' or 'to escape'. It is related to the Proto-Indo-European root *bheug- meaning 'to flee'.

G3778

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that

Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.

G4238

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: PRAX-as

Translations: having done, having accomplished, doing, performing, when he did, after he did

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'πράσσω' (prassō), meaning 'to do' or 'to accomplish'. As a participle, it describes an action that has been completed or is concurrent with the main verb of the sentence, often indicating the means or circumstance of the main action. It can function adjectivally, adverbially, or substantivally, depending on the context.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΤΕΛΕΩ

G2607

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: kah-tehg-NOHS-meh-nays

Translations: condemned, accused, found guilty, judged, censured, convicted

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle derived from the verb 'καταγινώσκω' (kataginōskō), meaning 'to condemn' or 'to find guilty'. It describes something or someone that has been condemned, accused, or found guilty. It is often used to describe a state of being judged unfavorably or having a negative verdict passed upon them.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine, Perfect, Passive

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΔΙΚΑΣΜΕΝΗΣ, ΚΕΚΡΙΜΕΝΗΣ

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: HOOP

Translations: under, by, with, from, at, through, in, of

Notes: This word is a common Greek preposition and prefix. As a preposition, it typically means 'under' or 'below', but its meaning can vary significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the accusative case, it can indicate motion towards a place ('under', 'to'). As a prefix, it means 'under', 'below', 'less than', or 'secretly', as seen in compound words like 'υποκάτω' (underneath). The form 'ΥΠ' is a common truncation of 'ΥΠΟ' when it acts as a prefix, especially before a vowel, or as part of a compound word.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or prefix)

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑ, ΕΠΙ

G0932, G0868

Part of Speech: Noun, Verb

Sounds like: bah-see-LEH-yahs ah-pes-TAY-sahn

Translations: of a kingdom, they revolted; of a kingdom, they withdrew; of a kingdom, they deserted

Notes: This is a compound word formed by the genitive singular of the noun ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΑ (BASILEIA), meaning 'kingdom' or 'reign', and the aorist indicative active 3rd person plural of the verb ἈΦΙΣΤΗΜΙ (APHISTĒMI), meaning 'to stand away from', 'to withdraw', 'to revolt', or 'to desert'. Together, it describes an action of withdrawing or revolting from a kingdom or reign. It would be used in a sentence to indicate that a group of people separated themselves from or rebelled against a kingdom.

Inflection: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΑΣ: Singular, Genitive, Feminine; ἈΠΕΣΤΗΣΑΝ: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΑΣ: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣΙΣ, ἈΡΧΗ; ἈΠΕΣΤΗΣΑΝ: ἈΠΟΣΤΑΣΑΝ, ἈΝΕΧΩΡΗΣΑΝ

G3328

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: meh-teh-BAH-lon-toh

Translations: they changed, they turned, they shifted, they revolved, they turned themselves, they changed allegiance

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition μετά (meta), meaning 'with' or 'after', and the verb βάλλω (ballō), meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast'. Together, it means to change, turn, or shift, often implying a change of mind, allegiance, or position. In the middle voice, as seen here, it emphasizes the subject performing the action upon themselves or for their own benefit, meaning 'they changed themselves' or 'they turned themselves'. It can be used to describe a change in circumstances, opinion, or loyalty.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle Voice, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΑΣΣΩ, ΜΕΤΑΤΙΘΗΜΙ

Etymology: The word ΜΕΤΑΒΑΛΛΩ is a compound of the preposition μετά (meta), meaning 'with, among, after', and the verb βάλλω (ballō), meaning 'to throw, cast'. The combination signifies a throwing or casting from one state to another, hence 'to change'.

G4267

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: pro-DEE-los

Translations: evident, manifest, clear, obvious, plain

Notes: This word is a compound adjective meaning 'evident' or 'manifest'. It describes something that is clearly visible, easily understood, or already known beforehand. It can be used to describe a fact, a person, or a situation that is undeniable or unmistakable. The word is formed from the prefix 'πρό' (pro), meaning 'before' or 'forth', and 'δῆλος' (delos), meaning 'clear' or 'visible'.

Inflection: Nominative, Singular, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΗΛΟΣ, ΦΑΝΕΡΟΣ, ΕΜΦΑΝΗΣ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΔΗΛΟΣ is a compound of the preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'forth', and the adjective δῆλος (delos), meaning 'clear' or 'visible'. Thus, it literally means 'clear beforehand' or 'clearly visible forth'.

G0615

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-pog-NO-sis

Translations: despair, desperation, a despair, a desperation

Notes: This word refers to the state of despair, hopelessness, or giving up all hope. It is a compound word formed from 'ἀπό' (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and 'γνῶσις' (gnōsis), meaning 'knowledge' or 'understanding'. In usage, it describes a complete lack of expectation or confidence in a positive outcome, often leading to a sense of helplessness.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΘΥΜΙΑ, ΑΠΕΛΠΙΣΙΑ

Etymology: The word ἀπόγνωσις (apognōsis) is derived from the verb ἀπογινώσκω (apoginōskō), meaning 'to give up hope', 'to despair', or 'to renounce'. It combines the prefix ἀπό (apo), indicating separation or completion, with γινώσκω (ginōskō), meaning 'to know' or 'to perceive'.

G4250

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: PRIN

Translations: before, sooner, until, ere

Notes: This word functions as an adverb or a conjunction, indicating a point in time prior to another event or action. As an adverb, it means 'before' or 'sooner'. As a conjunction, it means 'before' or 'until', often introducing a clause that describes an event that has not yet happened. It is frequently used with an infinitive or a subjunctive verb.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *per- (forward, through). It is related to the preposition πρό (pro, before).

G5056

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: TEH-leh-ohs

Translations: complete, perfect, finished, fully, perfectly, completely, mature, adult

Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'complete' or 'perfect', describing something that has reached its intended end or full development. It can also function as an adverb, meaning 'completely' or 'perfectly', indicating that an action is done to its full extent or without flaw. As an adjective, it can describe a person who is mature or fully grown. As an adverb, it describes the manner in which something is done.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (Adjective); Does not inflect (Adverb)

Synonyms: ΟΛΟΚΛΗΡΟΣ, ΠΛΗΡΗΣ, ΑΡΤΙΟΣ

Etymology: From τέλος (telos), meaning 'end, goal, completion'. The suffix -ως forms adverbs, and -ος forms adjectives, indicating a state of being at the end or completion.

G4844, G3588

Part of Speech: Noun, Article

Sounds like: sym-MA-khon-TOYS

Translations: of allies, to the, for the, with the

Notes: This word is a compound of two separate Koine Greek words: ΣΥΜΜΑΧΩΝ (SYMMÁCHŌN) and ΤΟΙΣ (TOIS). ΣΥΜΜΑΧΩΝ is the genitive plural form of the noun ΣΥΜΜΑΧΟΣ, meaning 'ally' or 'confederate'. ΤΟΙΣ is the dative plural form of the definite article 'the', which can mean 'to the', 'for the', or 'with the' depending on context. When combined as ΣΥΜΜΑΧΩΝΤΟΙΣ, it likely represents a phrase like 'to the allies' or 'for the allies', where the genitive ΣΥΜΜΑΧΩΝ is governed by a preposition that is not explicitly present but implied by the dative ΤΟΙΣ, or it could be a possessive 'of the allies' followed by 'to/for/with' something else. However, it is more likely that the two words are simply juxtaposed without a space, which is common in ancient manuscripts. Therefore, it should be interpreted as 'of allies' (ΣΥΜΜΑΧΩΝ) and 'to/for/with the' (ΤΟΙΣ).

Inflection: ΣΥΜΜΑΧΩΝ: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter. ΤΟΙΣ: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter.

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΕΡΓΩΝ, ΒΟΗΘΩΝ, ΦΙΛΩΝ

G2016

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: eh-pee-fah-NEE

Translations: manifest, notable, illustrious, glorious, a glorious one

Notes: This word describes something or someone that is conspicuous, prominent, or clearly visible. It can also refer to something or someone of high standing, distinguished, or glorious. It is used to describe a person or an event that is striking or remarkable.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΝΔΟΞΟΣ, ΠΕΡΙΦΑΝΗΣ, ΦΑΝΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἐπιφανής (epiphanēs) comes from the verb ἐπιφαίνω (epiphainō), meaning 'to appear, to shine upon', which is itself formed from the preposition ἐπί (epi, 'upon, to') and the verb φαίνω (phainō, 'to shine, to appear').

G4982

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: SOH-dzein

Translations: to save, to deliver, to preserve, to make whole, to heal

Notes: This word means to save, deliver, preserve, or make whole. It can refer to physical deliverance from danger, preservation of life, or healing from illness. In a spiritual context, it often refers to salvation from sin and its consequences, leading to eternal life.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΡΥΟΜΑΙ, ΔΙΑΣΩΖΩ, ΣΩΤΗΡΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΣΩΖΩ (sōzō) comes from the ancient Greek root *σῶς (sōs), meaning 'safe' or 'sound'. It is related to the concept of wholeness and well-being.

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOOS

Translations: them, themselves, him, it, the same

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the pronoun 'ΑΥΤΟΣ' (autos). In this specific form, it is used to mean 'them' or 'themselves' when referring to masculine plural nouns in the accusative case. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', 'itself', or 'the same' depending on the context and agreement with the noun it modifies. When used as a personal pronoun, it often refers back to a previously mentioned noun.

Inflection: Accusative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΥΣ, ΣΦΑΣ

G0316

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-nang-KAI-on

Translations: necessary, important, essential, fitting, a necessary thing

Notes: This word describes something that is necessary, unavoidable, or indispensable. It can also refer to something that is proper, fitting, or closely related, such as a close friend or relative. It is often used impersonally to mean 'it is necessary' or 'it is important'.

Inflection: Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative; Singular; Neuter

Synonyms: ΧΡΗΣΙΜΟΣ, ἘΠΙΤΗΔΕΙΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΝΑΓΚΑΙΟΣ (anankaios) is derived from the noun ἈΝΑΓΚΗ (anankē), meaning 'necessity' or 'compulsion'. It describes that which pertains to or is caused by necessity.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: GHEE-non-tai

Translations: they become, they happen, they come to pass, they are, they arise, they are made

Notes: This is a common verb meaning 'to become,' 'to happen,' or 'to come into being.' It describes a process of change or occurrence, indicating that something is coming into existence or transitioning into a new state. It can also simply mean 'to be' in certain contexts, especially when referring to events or situations.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΦΥΟΜΑΙ

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G1225

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: dee-ah-BAL-lon-tes

Translations: slandering, accusing, calumniating, defaming, setting at variance

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'διαβάλλω', meaning to slander, accuse, or calumniate. It describes an action of speaking maliciously or falsely about someone, often with the intent to harm their reputation or cause division. It can also imply setting people against each other. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing the subject performing the action.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΗΓΟΡΕΩ, ΣΥΚΟΦΑΝΤΕΩ

G1782

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: EN-then

Translations: from here, thence, on this side, on that side, on one side, on the other side

Notes: This word is an adverb indicating origin or direction from a specific place. It can mean 'from here' or 'thence'. It is often used in pairs, such as 'from here and from there' or 'on this side and on that side', to describe something being surrounded or existing on both sides.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἘΝΤΕΥΘΕΝ, ἘΚΕΙΘΕΝ

Etymology: This word comes from the Greek preposition 'ἐν' (en), meaning 'in' or 'on', combined with a suffix indicating origin or direction.

G2892

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: koh-mis-THEN-tes

Translations: having been brought, having been carried, having been received, having been obtained

Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle, meaning 'having been brought' or 'having been carried'. It describes an action that has been completed in the past, and the subject of the participle is the one who received the action (i.e., was brought or carried). It can be used to describe someone or something that has been conveyed, transported, or received.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΦΕΡΩ, ΑΓΩ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

G5244

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-per-ay-fah-nay-THEE-san

Translations: they became arrogant, they were arrogant, they were proud, they acted proudly

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to be arrogant, to be proud, to act proudly, to show oneself superior'. It is often used to describe someone who has an inflated sense of self-importance or who looks down on others. It is a compound word formed from ΥΠΕΡ (hyper, meaning 'over, above') and ΦΑΙΝΩ (phainō, meaning 'to appear, to show').

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΛΑΖΟΝΕΥΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΑΦΡΟΝΕΩ, ΥΒΡΙΖΩ

Etymology: The verb ΥΠΕΡΗΦΑΝΕΩ (hyperēphaneō) is derived from the adjective ΥΠΕΡΗΦΑΝΟΣ (hyperēphanos), meaning 'over-appearing, arrogant, proud'. This adjective is a compound of ΥΠΕΡ (hyper, 'over, above') and ΦΑΙΝΩ (phainō, 'to appear, to show').

G0243

Part of Speech: Prefix

Sounds like: ALL

Translations: other, another, different, foreign

Notes: This is a prefix form of the word 'ἄλλος' (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to form compound words that convey the idea of something being different, foreign, or belonging to another group. For example, 'ἀλλογενῶν' means 'of other races', 'ἀλλότριοι' means 'strangers' or 'foreigners', and 'ἀλλόφυλους' means 'foreigners' or 'of another tribe'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix)

Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.

G2192

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: EKH-on-tes

Translations: having, holding, possessing, those who have, while having

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It describes someone or something that is in the act of having, holding, or possessing something. It functions like an adjective or adverb, providing additional information about the subject of a sentence, often translated as 'having' or 'those who have'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΕΚΤΗΜΕΝΟΙ, ΚΑΤΕΧΟΝΤΕΣ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΟΝΤΕΣ

G5092

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: tee-MACE

Translations: of honor, of value, of price, of a price, of an honor

Notes: This word is a noun that refers to honor, value, or price. It is used to express the worth, esteem, or cost associated with a person, object, or action. It can denote the respect given to someone, the monetary value of something, or the inherent worth of a concept.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΞΙΑ, ΚΟΣΤΟΣ, ΔΟΞΑ

Etymology: The word ΤΙΜΗ (timē) comes from an ancient root meaning 'to value' or 'to estimate'. It is related to the verb τιμάω (timaō), meaning 'to honor' or 'to value'.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ay-ksee-OH-thay-san

Translations: they were deemed worthy, they were counted worthy, they were thought worthy, they were considered worthy

Notes: This is a verb in the aorist passive indicative, third person plural. It means 'they were deemed worthy' or 'they were considered worthy'. It describes an action completed in the past where the subjects were judged or recognized as deserving of something, often by an external authority or by circumstances.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Indicative, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΞΙΟΩ, ΑΞΙΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The verb ἀξιόω (axioō) is derived from the noun ἄξιος (axios), meaning 'worthy' or 'deserving'. It signifies the act of deeming or making someone worthy.

G5079

Part of Speech: Proper Noun, Noun

Sounds like: TAR-son

Translations: Tarsus, a Tarsus, sole of the foot, a sole of the foot

Notes: This word can refer to Tarsus, a city in Cilicia, Asia Minor, which was the birthplace of the Apostle Paul. It can also refer to the flat of the foot, or the sole of the foot. Its meaning depends on the context in which it is used.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: The origin of the city name Tarsus is uncertain, possibly from a local Anatolian language. The meaning 'sole of the foot' is thought to be related to the flat, broad shape of the foot.

G1958

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-pee-PEM-psahs

Translations: having sent, having sent forth, having sent upon, having sent to

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the prefix 'ἐπί' (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'to', and the verb 'πέμπω' (pempō), meaning 'to send'. Therefore, it means 'to send upon', 'to send to', or 'to send forth'. As an aorist active participle, it describes an action of sending that has already occurred, often indicating the cause or circumstance of the main verb's action. It can be used to describe someone who has dispatched or commissioned another person or thing.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΤΕΙΛΑΣ, ΠΕΜΨΑΣ, ΕΞΑΠΕΣΤΕΙΛΑΣ

Etymology: The verb ἐπιπέμπω (epipempō) is formed from the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon, to, over', and the verb πέμπω (pempō), meaning 'to send'. The root πέμπω is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek.

G1210

Part of Speech: Adjective, Participle

Sounds like: deh-DEH-meh-non

Translations: bound, tied, imprisoned, a bound thing, that which is bound

Notes: This word is the perfect passive participle of the verb 'δέω' (deō), meaning 'to bind' or 'to tie'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing something that has been bound or is in a state of being bound. It can refer to a person who is imprisoned or an object that is tied up.

Inflection: Perfect Passive Participle, Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΔΕΣΜΙΟΣ, ΣΥΝΔΕΩ, ΚΑΤΑΔΕΩ

Etymology: The word 'δέω' (deō) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to tie' or 'to bind'.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: oo-es-pa-see-AH-nos

Translations: Vespasian

Notes: This word refers to Vespasian, a Roman emperor who reigned from 69 to 79 AD. He was the founder of the Flavian dynasty and is known for restoring stability to the Roman Empire after the civil war that followed Nero's death. He is often mentioned in historical texts concerning the Jewish-Roman wars, as he was a general leading the Roman forces before becoming emperor.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: This is a transliteration of the Latin name 'Vespasianus', which was the cognomen of the Roman emperor.

G0321

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-nakh-THEE-nai

Translations: to put to sea, to set sail, to be led up, to be brought up, to be taken up, to be offered up

Notes: This word is the aorist passive infinitive form of the verb 'anagō'. It is a compound word formed from 'ana' (up, again) and 'agō' (to lead, to bring). Depending on the context, it can mean 'to put to sea' or 'to set sail' (when referring to ships), or 'to be led up,' 'to be brought up,' or 'to be taken up' (when referring to people or things being moved upwards or to a higher place). It can also refer to something being 'offered up' in a sacrificial sense.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΙΡΩ, ΑΠΟΠΛΕΩ, ΑΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

G0514, G0516

Part of Speech: Verb, Adjective

Sounds like: ax-ee-OHN

Translations: worthy, deserving, fitting, suitable, to deem worthy, to consider worthy, to ask, to request, to expect, to think fit, of worthy ones, of those who are worthy

Notes: This word can function as a verb or an adjective. As a verb (from ἀξιόω), it means 'to deem worthy,' 'to consider worthy,' 'to ask,' 'to request,' or 'to expect.' As an adjective (from ἄξιος), it means 'worthy,' 'deserving,' 'fitting,' or 'suitable.' The form 'ἈΞΙΩΝ' can be a present active participle (nominative masculine singular) of the verb 'ἀξιόω', meaning 'deeming worthy' or 'asking'. It can also be the genitive plural (masculine, feminine, or neuter) of the adjective 'ἄξιος', meaning 'of worthy ones' or 'of those who are worthy'. Its meaning depends on the context.

Inflection: Present Active Participle (Nominative, Masculine, Singular) or Genitive Plural (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)

Synonyms: ΕΥ̓ΛΟΓΟΣ, ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣ, ΠΡΕΠΩΝ

G5373

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: fee-LEE-as

Translations: of friendship, of affection, of love

Notes: This word refers to the bond of friendship, affection, or love between individuals. It describes a close relationship characterized by mutual regard and goodwill. In a sentence, it would typically indicate the nature of a relationship or the quality of affection, often appearing in a genitive construction to show possession or origin, such as 'the bond of friendship'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΓΑΠΗΣ, ΕΡΩΤΟΣ, ΣΤΟΡΓΗΣ

Etymology: The word ΦΙΛΙΑ (philia) comes from the Greek word φίλος (philos), meaning 'beloved, dear, friendly'. It is related to the verb φιλέω (phileō), meaning 'to love, to be fond of'.

G3123

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: MAHL-lon

Translations: more, rather, much more, especially

Notes: This word is a comparative adverb meaning 'more' or 'rather'. It is used to indicate a preference, a greater degree, or an intensification of something. It often appears in contexts where a comparison is being made, suggesting that one thing is true to a greater extent than another, or that one action is preferred over another. For example, it can mean 'more' in terms of quantity or intensity, or 'rather' when expressing a choice or preference.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΛΕΟΝ, ΜΑΛΙΣΤΑ

Etymology: ΜΑΛΛΟΝ is a comparative adverb derived from an obsolete positive form related to the concept of 'much' or 'very'. It functions as the comparative degree of this implied positive.

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ahee-DOH

Translations: reverence, awe, respect, shame, modesty, a reverence, an awe, a respect, a shame, a modesty

Notes: This word refers to a sense of reverence, awe, or respect, often accompanied by a feeling of shame or modesty. It describes a feeling of moral restraint or a sense of honor that prevents one from doing something wrong. It can be used to describe the respect one has for others or for divine beings, or the modesty one feels about oneself.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΦΟΒΟΣ, ΕΥΛΑΒΕΙΑ, ΣΩΦΡΟΣΥΝΗ

Etymology: From an ancient root meaning 'to shrink from', 'to feel awe or shame'. It is related to the verb αἰδέομαι (aideomai), meaning 'to feel shame, reverence, or respect'.

G2983

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: lah-BANE

Translations: to take, to receive, to get, to seize, to grasp, to obtain

Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. As an infinitive, it functions like the English 'to take' or 'to receive', indicating the action itself without specifying a subject or tense, often used after other verbs or prepositions. It can refer to physically taking something, receiving a gift or information, or grasping a concept.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ, ΑΙΡΕΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *slegh- ('to seize, to take'). In Greek, it developed into 'λαμβάνω', meaning 'to take, to grasp, to receive'.

G2228, G3588

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Definite Article, Numeral

Sounds like: AY

Translations: or, the, 8

Notes: This word can function as a conjunction meaning 'or', indicating an alternative or choice between two or more options. It can also be the feminine nominative singular form of the definite article 'the', used to specify a feminine noun that is the subject of a sentence. The '̓' (coronis) indicates that this form is an elision, meaning it's a shortened form of a word like ἤ (e.g., when followed by a vowel). Additionally, the '̓' could be a keraia, indicating the numeral 8.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as conjunction or numeral); Singular, Nominative, Feminine (as definite article)

Etymology: The conjunction ἤ (e.g., from which Ἠ is an elision) is of uncertain origin. The definite article ἡ (from which Ἠ is an elision) comes from Proto-Indo-European. The numeral meaning is derived from the Greek letter eta (Η), which was used to represent the number 8.

G3709

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: or-GAYN

Translations: wrath, anger, indignation, punishment, a wrath, an anger

Notes: This word refers to a strong, passionate emotion, often intense anger or indignation. It can describe human anger, but is frequently used in a theological context to refer to God's righteous anger or divine judgment, which often leads to punishment. It is used here in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΘΥΜΟΣ, ΠΑΘΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΡΓΗ (orgē) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *werg-, meaning 'to work' or 'to do'. It originally referred to an impulse or natural disposition, which then evolved to mean a strong emotion or passion, and eventually anger or wrath.

G1314

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-ah-foo-LAT-tayn

Translations: to guard, to keep safe, to preserve, to protect

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'thoroughly', and the verb φυλάττω (phylatto), meaning 'to guard' or 'to keep'. As an infinitive, it means 'to guard thoroughly', 'to keep safe', or 'to preserve'. It is used to express the action of carefully protecting something or someone from harm or loss, or maintaining a state or condition.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΦΥΛΑΤΤΩ, ΤΗΡΕΩ, ΣΩΖΩ

Etymology: The word διαφυλάττω is a compound of διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and φυλάττω (phylatto), meaning 'to guard' or 'to watch'. The prefix διά intensifies the meaning of guarding, implying thoroughness or continuous action.

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: kath

Translations: according to, down, against, throughout, during, by, for, with respect to, concerning

Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down' or 'according to'. It is commonly used as a prefix in compound words or as a preposition governing various cases. When used as a preposition, it can indicate movement downwards, distribution, opposition, or a standard of comparison. For example, 'καθ' ἕνα' means 'one by one', and 'καθά' means 'just as' or 'according as'. The elision (dropping of the final vowel) occurs before a word beginning with a vowel and a rough breathing mark.

Inflection: Does not inflect (it is an elided form of a preposition)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: The word 'κατά' (kata) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'down' or 'against'. It is a common preposition in ancient Greek, indicating various relationships of position, direction, or standard.

G2089

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: EH-tee

Translations: yet, still, even, besides, further, more, also

Notes: This word is likely a misspelling or a truncated form of the Koine Greek adverb 'ἔτι' (eti). It is used to indicate continuation, addition, or emphasis. It can mean 'still' or 'yet' when referring to time, 'further' or 'more' when referring to quantity or degree, and 'even' or 'also' for emphasis. For example, it can be used to say 'still alive' or 'even more'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΙ, ΕΙΣΕΤΙ, ΕΤΙΔΕ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *eti, meaning 'beyond, further'.

G1510

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ON-tos

Translations: (of) being, (of) existing, (of) a being, (of) an existing one

Notes: ὈΝΤΟΣ is the genitive singular present active participle of the verb 'to be'. It means 'being' or 'existing'. It is often used in genitive absolute constructions, which function like a subordinate clause, indicating time, cause, or circumstance, such as 'while it was being' or 'because it was being'.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to be' or 'to exist'.

G0851

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-fai-re-THAY-nai

Translations: to take away, to remove, to cut off, to be taken away, to be removed, to be cut off

Notes: This word is an aorist passive infinitive form of the verb 'aphaireō'. It means 'to be taken away', 'to be removed', or 'to be cut off'. It describes an action that is completed in the past, and the subject of the verb is the one being acted upon (passive voice). It can be used in contexts where something is being subtracted, amputated, or simply taken from a place or person.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΚΟΠΤΩ, ἈΠΟΛΥΩ, ἈΦΙΣΤΗΜΙ

G1722

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G3008

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: lah-keh-DAI-moh-nee

Translations: Lacedaemonian, Spartan, a Lacedaemonian, a Spartan, (to) Lacedaemonians, (to) Spartans

Notes: This word refers to someone or something from Lacedaemon, which was the ancient name for the region around the city of Sparta. It can be used as an adjective to describe something as 'Lacedaemonian' or 'Spartan', or as a noun to refer to a person from Lacedaemon, a 'Lacedaemonian' or 'Spartan'. In this specific form, it is likely referring to 'to Lacedaemonians' or 'to Spartans' due to its dative case.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine

G1236

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-ah-GINE

Translations: to pass, to spend, to live, to continue, to carry on

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'across', and the verb ἄγω (ago), meaning 'to lead' or 'to carry'. Together, it means to lead through a period of time, hence to pass or spend time, or to live. It can also mean to carry on or continue an action.

Inflection: Present Active Infinitive

Synonyms: ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΧΡΟΝΙΖΩ, ΔΙΑΤΡΙΒΩ

Etymology: The verb διάγω (diagō) is formed from the prefix διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'across', and the verb ἄγω (agō), meaning 'to lead' or 'to carry'.

G4316

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pros-OH-doos

Translations: revenues, incomes, approaches, accesses, ways, means

Notes: This word refers to income, revenue, or resources, often in a financial sense. It can also denote an approach, access, or a way of coming to something. It is a compound word formed from πρός (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and ὁδός (hodos), meaning 'way' or 'road'. In the provided context, it is used in the plural and refers to financial revenues or resources.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΙΣΟΔΟΣ, ΠΟΡΟΣ, ΕΚΦΟΡΑ

G3440

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: MO-non

Translations: only, alone, merely, a single, a solitary

Notes: This word can function as an adverb meaning 'only' or 'merely', indicating exclusivity or limitation. It can also be the neuter singular form of the adjective 'ΜΟΝΟΣ', meaning 'alone' or 'solitary', describing something as being by itself or unique. In its adverbial use, it often modifies verbs or clauses to emphasize that something is done exclusively or that a condition applies solely to one thing.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (as adjective); Does not inflect (as adverb)

Synonyms: ΜΟΝΩΣ, ΜΟΝΟΓΕΝΗΣ

G869, G235

Part of Speech: Adjective, Conjunction

Sounds like: AF-tho-non AL-la

Translations: abundant, plentiful, ungrudging, but, on the contrary, nevertheless

Notes: This appears to be a compound word or two words concatenated without a space: 'ἈΦΘΟΝΟΝ' (aphthonon) and 'ἈΛΛΑ' (alla). 'ἈΦΘΟΝΟΝ' is an adjective meaning 'abundant' or 'plentiful', or 'ungrudging'. It describes something that is available in great quantity or given freely. 'ἈΛΛΑ' is a conjunction meaning 'but' or 'on the contrary', used to introduce a contrasting idea. The combination suggests a phrase like 'abundant, but...' or 'plentiful, however...'. It is highly probable that these are two separate words that have been joined together in the provided text, possibly due to a transcription error.

Inflection: ἈΦΘΟΝΟΝ: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative; or Masculine/Feminine, Accusative. ἈΛΛΑ: Does not inflect.

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΠΛΗΘΥΣ, ΟΜΩΣ

G4441

Part of Speech: Participle, Verb

Sounds like: py-THOH-meh-noys

Translations: (to) those who learned, (to) those who inquired, (to) those who heard, (to) those who ascertained

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to learn' or 'to inquire'. It describes an action of learning, inquiring, or hearing, and functions like an adjective modifying a noun. In this form, it refers to a group of people who have performed this action, and it is in the dative case, indicating that they are the indirect object or recipient of an action.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Dative, Masculine or Neuter, Plural

Synonyms: ΜΑΘΟΝΤΕΣ, ΑΚΟΥΣΑΝΤΕΣ

Etymology: The word ΠΥΝΘΑΝΟΜΑΙ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰewdʰ-, meaning 'to be awake, to perceive'. It is related to words meaning 'to learn' or 'to inquire' in other Indo-European languages.

G4387

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: PRO-teh-ron

Translations: before, formerly, first, earlier, a former thing, a prior thing

Notes: This word functions primarily as an adverb meaning 'before' or 'formerly' in time, indicating something that happened earlier or previously. It can also be the neuter singular form of the comparative adjective 'πρότερος', meaning 'prior' or 'former', often used substantively to refer to 'the former thing' or 'that which was before'. It is used to contrast with something that comes later.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (often used adverbially)

Synonyms: ΠΡΙΝ, ΠΑΛΑΙ, ΕΜΠΡΟΣΘΕΝ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ is a comparative form derived from the preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of'.

G1169

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: deh-DEE-oh-sin

Translations: they fear, they are afraid, they dread

Notes: This word is a third person plural perfect active indicative form of the verb 'δειδω' (deido), meaning 'to fear' or 'to be afraid'. It describes an action that was completed in the past and whose results continue into the present, indicating a state of fear. It is used to express that a group of people are in a state of fear or dread.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Perfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΦΟΒΕΟΜΑΙ, ΤΡΕΜΩ

Etymology: The verb δειδω (deido) is an old verb meaning 'to fear'. It is related to the noun δέος (deos), meaning 'fear' or 'dread'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Interjection, Prefix, Numeral

Sounds like: AI

Translations: the, who, which, alas, oh, 11

Notes: The word 'ΑΙ' can function in several ways in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it is the feminine nominative plural form of the definite article, meaning 'the' (referring to multiple feminine nouns). It can also be the feminine nominative plural form of the relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which'. Less frequently, it can be an interjection expressing sorrow or pain, similar to 'alas' or 'oh'. It can also appear as a prefix in compound words. Additionally, 'ΑΙ' can represent the number 11 when used as a numerical symbol (alpha-iota). It is also possible for 'ΑΙ' to be an elision or contraction of other words, such as 'ἀεί' (always) or 'ἄγε' (come on!), though this is less common in the New Testament.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Plural (for article and pronoun); Does not inflect (for interjection, prefix, and numeral)

Etymology: The origin of 'ΑΙ' as a definite article and relative pronoun is from Proto-Indo-European. Its use as an interjection is onomatopoeic.

G1418

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: doos-dee-ah-THEH-too

Translations: of hard to deal with, of difficult, of unmanageable, of ill-disposed

Notes: This is a compound adjective meaning 'hard to deal with' or 'difficult to manage'. It describes something or someone that is not easily handled or controlled, often implying a troublesome or uncooperative nature. It is formed from the prefix 'δυσ-' (dys-), meaning 'bad' or 'difficult', and 'διάθετος' (diathetos), meaning 'disposed' or 'arranged'.

Inflection: Genitive, Singular, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΔΥΣΚΟΛΟΣ, ΧΑΛΕΠΟΣ

G1680

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: EL-peess

Translations: hope, a hope, expectation, a trust, a confidence

Notes: This word refers to a confident expectation, a trust, or a belief in a positive future outcome. It can describe both the act of hoping and the object of that hope. It is often used in a theological context to refer to the Christian hope in God's promises.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΙΣΤΙΣ, ΠΕΠΟΙΘΗΣΙΣ

Etymology: From an assumed base of *ελπ- (elp-), meaning 'to hope'. It is related to the verb ἐλπίζω (elpizō), 'to hope'.

G2532, G0846

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Pronoun

Sounds like: kah-ee-ah-OO-toyss

Translations: and to them, and to themselves, and to these, and to those, even to them, even to themselves, even to these, even to those, also to them, also to themselves, also to these, also to those

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the conjunction/adverb 'καὶ' (kai), meaning 'and, also, even', and the dative plural form 'αὐτοῖς' (autois) of the pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos), meaning 'he, she, it, self, same'. Together, it means 'and to them' or 'even to them', indicating a connection or emphasis on the recipients of an action or state. It is used to link ideas or add emphasis to the group being referred to.

Inflection: Compound word, Dative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

G3844

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: pah-RAH

Translations: from, by, with, beside, at, near, alongside, to

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it typically means 'from' or 'from beside', indicating origin or agency. With the dative case, it means 'with', 'beside', or 'at', indicating proximity or presence. With the accusative case, it means 'alongside', 'to', or 'past', indicating motion towards or along something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΥΠΟ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'beside', 'alongside'. It is cognate with English 'for' and 'from'.

G2541

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: KAI-sar-os

Translations: of Caesar

Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the proper noun 'Caesar'. It refers to the Roman emperor, or more generally, the imperial authority. In the New Testament, it often refers to the reigning emperor, such as Augustus or Tiberius, or the office itself.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: From Latin 'Caesar', originally a Roman family name, which became a title for the Roman emperors after Julius Caesar. The name's ultimate origin is uncertain, possibly from 'caesaries' (hair) or 'caesus' (cut).

G1259

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: dee-al-la-GOHN

Translations: of reconciliation, of restoration, of change, of exchange

Notes: This word refers to the act or state of reconciliation, restoration, or a change from one state to another, often implying a change for the better or a resolution of conflict. It can also denote an exchange or a settlement. It is used to describe the process of bringing parties back into harmony or agreement.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΛΛΑΓΗ, ΕΙΡΗΝΗ

Etymology: From the verb διαλλάσσω (diallassō), meaning 'to reconcile, to exchange', which is formed from διά (dia, 'through, apart') and ἀλλάσσω (allassō, 'to change').

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-GEH-neh-toh

Translations: it happened, it came to pass, it became, it was, it came into being

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist indicative middle/passive of the verb γίνομαι (ginomai). It signifies an event that occurred or a state that came into existence in the past. It is frequently used to introduce a new event or development in a narrative, often translated as 'it happened' or 'it came to pass'. It can also describe something becoming or being made into something else.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ

G4012, G0846

Part of Speech: Prepositional Phrase

Sounds like: peh-ree-ow-TON

Translations: about them, concerning them, around them

Notes: This is a compound phrase formed from the preposition 'περί' (peri), meaning 'about' or 'concerning', and the genitive plural form of the pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos), meaning 'them' or 'themselves'. It is used to indicate the subject or topic of discussion, or the vicinity around a group of people or things. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'He spoke about them' or 'They gathered around them'.

Inflection: Preposition with Genitive Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

G1989

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ep-ee-STEL-lan-tos

Translations: having sent, having written, having commanded, having given instructions

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'epistellō', meaning 'to send a message, to write, to command, or to give instructions'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. It often implies that someone has sent a letter or given a specific order or instruction. For example, it could be used to say 'he, having sent a letter...' or 'because he commanded...'.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Singular, Masculine, Genitive

Synonyms: ΓΡΑΨΑΝΤΟΣ, ΠΕΜΨΑΝΤΟΣ, ΚΕΛΕΥΣΑΝΤΟΣ

G2137

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: yoo-dah-ee-moh-NOON-tes

Translations: prospering, being prosperous, flourishing, being happy, living well, those who are prospering

Notes: This word is a present active participle, describing someone who is in a state of well-being, prosperity, or happiness. It refers to the act of living a good life, being fortunate, or thriving. It can be used to describe individuals or groups who are experiencing success or good fortune.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΥ̓ΤΥΧΟΥΝΤΕΣ, ΕΥ̓ΘΗΝΟΥΝΤΕΣ

Etymology: The word ΕΥ̓ΔΑΙΜΟΝΕΩ (eudaimoneō) is derived from ΕΥ̓ΔΑΙΜΩΝ (eudaímōn), meaning 'fortunate, happy, blessed'. This in turn comes from ΕΥ̓ (eu), meaning 'good, well', and ΔΑΙΜΩΝ (daímōn), meaning 'divine power, fate, god'. Thus, it literally means 'having a good daemon' or 'being favored by a good spirit'.

G5278

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-peh-MEH-non

Translations: endured, persevered, remained, waited patiently

Notes: This is an inflected form of the verb 'ὑπομένω' (hypomenō), meaning 'to endure', 'to persevere', 'to remain under', or 'to wait patiently'. It is a compound word formed from 'ὑπό' (hypo), meaning 'under', and 'μένω' (menō), meaning 'to remain' or 'to abide'. The imperfect tense indicates an ongoing or repeated action in the past, or the beginning of an action. It can describe someone who was enduring, persevering, or remaining.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular or 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΑΝΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΡΤΕΡΕΩ

G1854

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: EX-oh

Translations: outside, out, without, abroad

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'outside' or 'out'. It indicates a position or direction away from an interior or a boundary. It can be used to describe something that is physically located outside, or metaphorically, something that is excluded or beyond a certain limit.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚΤΟΣ, ΕΞΩΘΕΝ

Etymology: From the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of', and the suffix -ω, which forms adverbs of place. It denotes a position or movement from the inside to the outside.

G1325

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: DON-tos

Translations: (of) giving, (of) having given, (of) granting, (of) entrusting

Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'didōmi', which means 'to give' or 'to grant'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action of giving or having given. It can be used to modify a noun, indicating that the noun is the one who is giving, or it can function adverbially, describing the circumstances under which an action occurs, often translated as 'when he gave' or 'by giving'.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΟΥΣ, ΔΩΡΟΥΜΕΝΟΣ

G0085

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: TAYN-ah-DEH-ee-ahn

Translations: the freedom, the permission, the license, the impunity

Notes: This word is a compound of the definite article 'the' (τὴν) and the noun 'adeia'. It refers to freedom from fear, danger, or restraint, often implying permission or license to do something, or impunity from punishment. It is used to indicate that a specific freedom or permission is being granted or discussed.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑ, ΕΛΕΥΘΕΡΙΑ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, 'not') and δέος (déos, 'fear'), meaning 'without fear'.

G3854

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pa-reh-GEH-non-toh

Translations: they came, they arrived, they were present

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside,' and the verb γίνομαι (ginomai), meaning 'to become' or 'to be.' Together, it means 'to come alongside,' 'to arrive,' or 'to be present.' It describes the act of someone or a group of people arriving at a particular place or being present at an event.

Inflection: 3rd Person, Plural, Aorist, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΗΚΩ, ΦΘΑΝΩ

G2064

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: el-THON-tos

Translations: of having come, of the one who came, of him who came, of coming, when he came, when it came

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. As a genitive singular participle, it often functions adverbially, indicating a preceding action or circumstance, such as 'when he came' or 'after he came'. It can also function substantively, meaning 'of the one who came' or 'of him who came'. It describes the state or action of having arrived or having gone.

Inflection: Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΗΚΟΝΤΟΣ, ΠΑΡΟΝΤΟΣ

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ax-ee-OO-meh-noy

Translations: being deemed worthy, being considered worthy, being thought worthy, being counted worthy, being entitled

Notes: This word is a passive participle derived from the verb 'to deem worthy' or 'to consider worthy'. It describes someone or something that is being judged or considered as deserving of something, whether it be honor, punishment, or a particular status. It indicates that the subject is the recipient of the action of being deemed worthy by someone else.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine, Present, Passive

Synonyms: ΚΡΙΝΟΜΕΝΟΙ, ΗΓΟΥΜΕΝΟΙ

G2650, G1759

Part of Speech: Verb, Adverb

Sounds like: kah-tah-MEH-non en-TOW-thah

Translations: they were remaining here, they were staying here, they remained here, they stayed here

Notes: This is a compound phrase formed by the verb 'καταμένω' (katamenō), meaning 'to remain' or 'to stay', and the adverb 'ἐνταῦθα' (entautha), meaning 'here' or 'there'. The verb 'καταμένω' is in the 3rd person plural imperfect indicative active, indicating a continuous or repeated action in the past, meaning 'they were remaining' or 'they were staying'. When combined with 'ἐνταῦθα', the phrase means 'they were remaining here' or 'they were staying here'.

Inflection: Verb: 3rd Person, Plural, Imperfect, Indicative, Active; Adverb: Does not inflect

G1484

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ETH-nos

Translations: nation, a nation, people, a people, Gentiles, a Gentile

Notes: This word refers to a nation, a people group, or a race. In the New Testament, it often refers specifically to the Gentiles, meaning non-Jewish people. It can be used to describe a large group of people united by common descent, culture, or language.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΛΑΟΣ, ΦΥΛΗ

Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to ἔθος (ethos, 'custom, habit'). It refers to a group of people sharing common customs or characteristics.

G3754

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G4658

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: SKOO-thai

Translations: Scythians

Notes: This word refers to the Scythians, an ancient nomadic people of Iranian origin who inhabited the Eurasian Steppe from the 9th century BC to the 4th century AD. They were known for their equestrian skills and distinctive culture. In ancient Greek texts, they are often mentioned in historical and geographical contexts.

Inflection: Nominative, Plural, Masculine

Etymology: The word 'Σκύθης' (Scythēs) is of uncertain origin, possibly derived from an Old Iranian ethnonym. It was used by ancient Greeks to refer to the nomadic peoples inhabiting the steppes north of the Black Sea.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ton-TAH-nain

Translations: Tontanaion

Notes: This word appears to be a proper noun, likely referring to a geographical location or a people group associated with a specific place. It is not a common Greek word found in standard lexicons, suggesting it might be a foreign name transliterated into Greek. In the provided context, it is used with the preposition 'περί' (around), indicating a location.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative

Etymology: This word is likely a transliteration of a foreign place name or tribal name into Greek, rather than a word of Greek origin. Its precise etymology is unknown.

G2730

Part of Speech: Participle, Noun

Sounds like: kah-toy-KOON-tes

Translations: dwelling, inhabiting, residing, living, those who dwell, those who inhabit, those who reside, those who live

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'katoikeō', meaning 'to dwell' or 'to inhabit'. It describes someone or something that is currently dwelling or residing in a place. When used as a noun, it refers to 'those who dwell' or 'the inhabitants' of a particular area. It is often used to describe people living in a specific region or on the earth.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΟΥΝΤΕΣ, ΕΝΟΙΚΟΥΝΤΕΣ

G1213

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: deh-dee-LOH-kah-men

Translations: we have shown, we have declared, we have made clear, we have made known

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to show', 'to declare', 'to make clear', or 'to make known'. It describes an action that was completed in the past and whose results continue into the present. It is used to state that a group of people (we) have already revealed or explained something.

Inflection: First Person Plural, Perfect Active Indicative

Synonyms: ΦΑΝΕΡΟΩ, ΔΕΙΓΝΥΜΙ, ΑΠΟΚΑΛΥΠΤΩ

Etymology: The word δηλόω (dēloō) comes from the adjective δῆλος (dēlos), meaning 'visible' or 'clear'.

G1271

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: dee-ah-noh-ee-THEN-tes

Translations: having thought, having considered, having intended, having purposed, having understood

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'διανοέομαι' (dianoéomai), meaning 'to think through', 'to consider carefully', 'to intend', or 'to understand'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred and is connected to the subject of the main verb, often indicating the cause or circumstance of that action. It implies a mental process of deliberation or forming an intention.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΕΥΟΜΑΙ, ΕΝΘΥΜΕΟΜΑΙ, ΛΟΓΙΖΟΜΑΙ

G4397

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: pro-SOH-teh-roh

Translations: further, farther, more forward, onward

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'further' or 'farther'. It is the comparative form of the adverb 'πρόσω' (prosō), which means 'forward' or 'onward'. It indicates a greater distance or advancement in space or time. For example, it can be used to say 'go further' or 'move farther along'.

Inflection: Comparative Adverb, Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΤΙ, ΠΕΡΑΙΤΕΡΩ

Etymology: The word is derived from the adverb 'πρόσω' (prosō), meaning 'forward' or 'onward', with the comparative suffix -τερω. 'Πρόσω' itself comes from the preposition 'πρός' (pros), meaning 'to, toward, with'.

G1688

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: em-bal-EIN

Translations: to cast in, to throw in, to put in, to enter, to attack

Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb meaning 'to cast in' or 'to throw in'. It can also mean 'to put into', 'to enter', or 'to attack'. It describes the action of placing something inside another thing, or moving oneself into a place, or initiating an assault.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕἸΣΒΆΛΛΩ, ἘΜΠΊΠΤΩ, ἘΠΙΤΊΘΗΜΙ

Etymology: The word ἘΜΒΆΛΛΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition ἘΝ (en), meaning 'in' or 'into', and the verb ΒΆΛΛΩ (ballō), meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast'.

G0935

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: bah-see-LAY-tohn

Translations: (of) kings, (of) a king

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of 'βασιλεύς' (basileus), meaning 'king'. It indicates possession or origin, so it translates to 'of kings' or 'belonging to kings'. It is used when referring to something that pertains to multiple kings or a group of royalty.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΟΝΤΩΝ, ΗΓΕΜΟΝΩΝ

Etymology: From 'βασιλεύς' (basileus), meaning 'king'. Its origin is uncertain, but it is an ancient Greek word for a monarch or ruler.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: hoor-kah-NOHN

Translations: of Hyrcanians, of the Hyrcanians

Notes: This word refers to the people from Hyrcania, an ancient region southeast of the Caspian Sea. It is used here in the genitive plural, indicating possession or origin, similar to saying 'belonging to the Hyrcanians' or 'from the Hyrcanians'.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: The word 'ΥΡΚΑΝΟΣ' (Hyrkanos) is derived from the ancient region of Hyrcania, which was located in what is now modern-day Iran and Turkmenistan. The name itself is of Old Persian origin.

G3939

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pa-RO-doo

Translations: of a passage, of a way, of an entrance, of a byway, of a going by, of a passing by

Notes: This word refers to a passage, a way, or an entrance. It is a compound word formed from 'παρά' (para), meaning 'beside' or 'along', and 'ὁδός' (hodos), meaning 'way' or 'road'. It describes a path or route that goes alongside something or serves as an access point. In the provided context, it refers to narrow passages or ways.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΔΟΥ, ΔΙΟΔΟΥ, ΕΙΣΟΔΟΥ

G3778

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: OO-tos

Translations: this, that, he, she, it, these, those, this one, that one

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something or someone that is near, or has just been mentioned. It can function as a substantive (e.g., 'he', 'she', 'it', 'this one') or as an adjective modifying a noun (e.g., 'this man', 'these things'). It often refers to something immediately present or recently discussed in the discourse.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΔΕ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be an ancient demonstrative pronoun in Greek, possibly related to other Indo-European demonstratives.

G1203

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: des-PO-tays

Translations: master, lord, owner, a master, a lord

Notes: This word refers to a master, lord, or owner, someone who has absolute authority or control over others, such as servants, slaves, or possessions. It is often used in a secular context for a human master, but it is also frequently used in a religious context to refer to God or Christ as the ultimate Lord and Master.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΑΥΘΕΝΤΗΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *dems-pot-, meaning 'master of the house'. It is a compound of *dem- ('house') and *pot- ('master, powerful').

G0935

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: bah-see-LEHFS

Translations: king, a king, ruler, sovereign

Notes: This word refers to a king or a ruler, someone who holds supreme authority over a territory or people. It is commonly used to denote a monarch or sovereign. In a sentence, it would function as a noun, often as the subject or object, indicating the person in power.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ

Etymology: From an uncertain root, possibly related to a word meaning 'base' or 'foundation', suggesting one who stands at the foundation of power or authority. It has been used since ancient Greek times to refer to a monarch.

G220

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ah-lek-SAN-dros

Translations: Alexander

Notes: This is a common Greek proper name, meaning 'defender of mankind' or 'protector of men'. It refers to various historical figures, most notably Alexander the Great, the king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon. It is used as a subject in sentences, indicating the person performing an action.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name 'Alexandros' is derived from the Greek verb ἀλέξω (alexō), meaning 'to ward off, to defend, to help', and ἀνήρ (anēr), meaning 'man' (genitive ἀνδρός, andros). Thus, it means 'defender of mankind'.

G2532, G1565

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Pronoun

Sounds like: kah-keh-EE-noo

Translations: and of that, and of that one, and of him, and of it

Notes: This word is a contraction (or crasis) of the conjunction 'καί' (kai), meaning 'and', and the genitive singular form 'ἐκείνου' (ekeinou) of the demonstrative pronoun 'ἐκεῖνος' (ekeinos), meaning 'that one' or 'he/it'. Therefore, it means 'and of that one', 'and of him', or 'and of it'. It is used to connect a previous statement with a reference to something or someone previously mentioned, indicating possession or origin.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ ΤΟΥΤΟΥ, ΚΑΙ ΑΥΤΟΥ

G1529

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ICE-oh-don

Translations: entrance, an entrance, entry, way in, access

Notes: This word refers to the act of entering or a place through which one enters. It is a compound word formed from the preposition εἰς (eis), meaning 'into' or 'to', and the noun ὁδός (hodos), meaning 'way' or 'road'. It is used to describe a physical point of entry or a means of access.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕἸΣΟΔΕΥΣΙΣ, ἘΠΙΒΑΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣΟΔΟΣ is derived from the preposition εἰς (eis), meaning 'into' or 'to', and the noun ὁδός (hodos), meaning 'way' or 'road'. It literally means 'a way into'.

G3930

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: par-as-KHON-tos

Translations: having provided, having supplied, having granted, having offered, of having provided, of having supplied, of having granted, of having offered

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'παρέχω' (parechō), meaning 'to provide,' 'to supply,' 'to grant,' or 'to offer.' As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred, functioning like an adjective or adverb in a sentence. It indicates someone or something that has performed the action of providing or granting.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΟΝΤΟΣ, ΠΑΡΕΧΟΜΕΝΟΥ

Etymology: The word παρέχω (parechō) is a compound word formed from the preposition παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'from,' and the verb ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold.' Thus, it literally means 'to hold beside' or 'to offer from oneself,' leading to the sense of providing or supplying.

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-THROH-ee

Translations: all together, assembled, in a crowd, in a body

Notes: This word describes a group of people or things that are gathered or acting simultaneously, indicating a collective or unified action. It emphasizes the idea of being 'all at once' or 'in one mass'.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΑΝΤΕΣ, ΣΥΝΗΘΡΟΙΣΜΕΝΟΙ, ΟΜΟΥ

Etymology: From the Greek prefix 'a-' (meaning 'together' or 'at the same time') and 'throos' (a sound or noise, implying a gathering or clamor). It conveys the sense of a collection or multitude.

G4300

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: proo-oo-pop-TEV-sah-see

Translations: having suspected beforehand, having foreseen, having anticipated, having been suspicious of

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, dative plural, of the verb 'προϋποπτεύω' (proüpopteuō). It describes an action completed in the past, indicating that the subjects had a prior suspicion, foresight, or anticipation of something. It is a compound word formed from 'πρό' (pro, before), 'ὑπό' (hypo, under/secretly), and 'ὀπτεύω' (opteuō, to look/see). Thus, it literally means 'to look under beforehand' or 'to see secretly beforehand', conveying the sense of having a premonition or suspicion.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Dative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΠΡΟΟΡΑΩ

Etymology: The word 'προϋποπτεύω' is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'πρό' (pro, meaning 'before' or 'in front of'), the preposition 'ὑπό' (hypo, meaning 'under' or 'secretly'), and the verb 'ὀπτεύω' (opteuō, meaning 'to look' or 'to see'). The combination conveys the sense of looking or seeing something in advance, often with a nuance of suspicion or anticipation.

G3370

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: MAY-doys

Translations: to the Medes, for the Medes

Notes: This word refers to the Medes, an ancient people who inhabited Media, a region in what is now northwestern Iran. They were a significant power in the ancient Near East, often associated with the Persians, with whom they formed a dual empire. In Koine Greek, this form is used when the Medes are the indirect object of a verb or when indicating a recipient or beneficiary.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine

Etymology: The word "Μῆδος" (Medos) is of Persian origin, referring to the inhabitants of Media. It is derived from Old Persian "Māda-".

G2030

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: eh-pee-PEH-son-tes

Translations: falling upon, rushing upon, attacking, having fallen upon, those who fell upon

Notes: This word is a participle, indicating an action of 'falling upon' or 'rushing upon' someone or something. It often implies a sudden, forceful, or even hostile approach, such as an attack. It can also be used in the sense of embracing someone. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ἘΠΙ (upon, on) and the verb ΠΙΠΤΩ (to fall).

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΠΙΠΤΩ, ΕΦΑΛΛΟΜΑΙ, ΕΦΟΡΜΑΩ

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: pol-y-AN-thro-pon

Translations: populous, densely populated, full of people, well-manned, numerous

Notes: This is a compound adjective formed from 'πολύς' (polys), meaning 'many' or 'much', and 'ἄνθρωπος' (anthropos), meaning 'man' or 'human'. It describes a place or group that has a large number of people or is densely populated. It can also refer to a large or numerous force, such as an army.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative; or Singular, Masculine, Accusative

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΥΠΛΗΘΗΣ, ΠΟΛΥΣ

G0333

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-nah-MES-ton

Translations: full of, filled with, completely full, a thing full of

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'full of' or 'completely filled with'. It describes something that is thoroughly permeated or packed with a substance, quality, or quantity. It is often used to emphasize the completeness of the filling.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΠΛΗΡΗΣ, ΓΕΜΩΝ

Etymology: The word ἀνάμεστος (anamestos) is a compound word formed from ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'again', and μέστος (mestos), meaning 'full'. The prefix ἀνά intensifies the meaning of 'full'.

G1283

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-eer-PAH-zon

Translations: they were plundering, they kept plundering, they were robbing, they kept robbing, they were pillaging, they kept pillaging

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart,' and the verb ἁρπάζω (harpazō), meaning 'to seize' or 'to snatch.' It describes an ongoing or repeated action of plundering, robbing, or pillaging, often with the implication of thoroughness or violence. It is used to describe groups of people taking possessions or property by force.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΣΥΛΑΩ, ΛΗΙΖΟΜΑΙ, ΑΡΠΑΖΩ

Etymology: The verb διαρπάζω (diarpazō) is formed from the prefix διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart,' and the verb ἁρπάζω (harpazō), meaning 'to seize' or 'to snatch.' The prefix intensifies the action of seizing, implying a thorough or complete plundering.

G3367

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: may-DEH-nos

Translations: of no one, of nothing, of any, of anything

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the pronoun/adjective 'μηδείς' (mēdeis), meaning 'no one' or 'nothing'. It is used to indicate possession or relationship, similar to 'of no one' or 'of nothing' in English. It can also function as an adjective meaning 'no' or 'not any', agreeing in case, number, and gender with the noun it modifies. It is used in negative clauses, often following a negative particle like 'μή' (mē).

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΝΟΣ, ΟΥΔΕΙΣ

G5111

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: tol-MOHN-tos

Translations: of daring, of venturing, of being bold, of having courage, of presuming

Notes: ΤΟΛΜΩΝΤΟΣ is the genitive singular masculine or neuter form of the present active participle of the verb ΤΟΛΜΑΩ. It describes someone who is daring, venturing, or being bold. It often functions adjectivally, modifying a noun, or substantively, meaning 'of the one who dares' or 'of him who ventures'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΘΑΡΡΟΥΝΤΟΣ, ἘΠΙΧΕΙΡΟΥΝΤΟΣ

Etymology: The verb ΤΟΛΜΑΩ comes from the Greek word ΤΟΛΜΑ (tolma), meaning 'courage' or 'daring'. It is related to the concept of enduring or bearing something.

G0436

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: an-this-TAS-thai

Translations: to resist, to oppose, to stand against

Notes: This word means to resist, oppose, or stand against someone or something. It implies taking a stand in opposition, often with a sense of confrontation or defiance. It can be used in contexts of physical resistance, moral opposition, or standing firm against an idea or force.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΝΤΙΛΕΓΩ, ΑΝΤΙΤΑΤΤΩ, ΑΝΤΙΠΙΠΤΩ

Etymology: From ἀντί (anti, 'against') and ἵστημι (histēmi, 'to stand'). It literally means 'to stand against'.

G0936

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: bah-see-LEH-oon

Translations: reigning, ruling, being king, a reigning one, a ruler

Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb 'to reign' or 'to be king'. It describes someone who is currently reigning or ruling. It can function as an adjective, modifying a noun, or as a substantive, meaning 'the one who reigns' or 'a ruler'. It indicates an ongoing action of exercising royal authority.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Present, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΕΥΩΝ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑΖΩΝ

G5561

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHO-ras

Translations: of a country, of a region, of a land, of a place, of the country, of the region, of the land, of the place, countries, regions, lands, places

Notes: This word refers to a country, region, land, or place. It is often used to denote a specific geographical area or territory. In its genitive singular form, it indicates possession or origin, such as 'of a country' or 'from a region'. It can also function as the nominative or accusative plural, meaning 'countries' or 'regions'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine; or Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΤΟΠΟΣ, ΓΗ

G0329

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-nah-FEV-gohn

Translations: fleeing back, escaping, retreating, a fleeing back, an escaping, a retreating

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'fleeing back' or 'escaping'. It describes an action of withdrawing or retreating, often to a place of safety or refuge. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'back', and the verb φεύγω (pheugō), meaning 'to flee'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΦΕΥΓΩΝ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΡΑΣΚΩΝ, ΑΠΟΦΕΥΓΩΝ

Etymology: The word ἀναφεύγω (anapheugō) is a compound verb derived from the prefix ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'back', and the verb φεύγω (pheugō), meaning 'to flee' or 'to escape'.

G3956, G3860

Part of Speech: Adjective, Verb

Sounds like: ah-PAN-tohn-pah-rah-keh-KHO-ray-kay

Translations: of all, of everyone, of everything, had yielded, had given way, had conceded

Notes: This is a compound word formed by the genitive plural of the adjective "πᾶς" (pas), meaning "all" or "every," and the perfect active indicative third person singular of the verb "παραχωρέω" (parachōreō), meaning "to yield," "to give way," or "to concede." The combined meaning suggests that someone had yielded or given way concerning all things or to everyone/everything. It describes a past action that has a continuing effect, indicating a complete yielding or concession.

Inflection: Adjective: Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter; Verb: Perfect, Active, Indicative, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΟΛΩΝ, ΕΙΚΕΙ

G3433

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: MOH-lees

Translations: with difficulty, scarcely, hardly, barely, just, only just

Notes: This word is an adverb that indicates something is done with great effort or difficulty, or that it happens only just in time or to a very limited extent. It can convey the idea of something barely happening or being achieved. For example, 'he barely escaped' or 'they arrived only just'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΥΣΚΟΛΩΣ, ΣΧΕΔΟΝ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the Greek word μόλος (molos), meaning 'toil' or 'struggle'.

G3816

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pal-LA-kas

Translations: concubine, a concubine

Notes: This word refers to a concubine, a woman who lives with a man but has lower status than a wife, often without full legal rights or social standing. In ancient contexts, concubines were common, especially among powerful men, and their children might have different inheritance rights than those of a legal wife. The word is used to describe such a woman in a household.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΑΛΛΑΚΙΣ

Etymology: The word is of uncertain origin, possibly from a non-Greek source or related to words meaning 'young woman' or 'maiden'.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: geh-no-MEH-nas

Translations: having become, having come to pass, having happened, having arisen, having been made, having been created

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become,' 'to come into being,' 'to happen,' or 'to be made.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective while retaining verbal qualities, describing an action that has already occurred. It often indicates the result or state of something having come into existence or having taken place. For example, it could be used to describe 'things that have happened' or 'events that have come to pass.'

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Accusative Case, Feminine Gender, Plural Number

Synonyms: ΓΕΓΟΝΟΤΑΣ, ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΣΥΜΒΕΒΗΚΟΤΑΣ

G1325

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: DOOS

Translations: giving, having given, a giver, one who gives

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to give'. It describes someone or something that is in the act of giving, or has already given. It can function like an adjective, modifying a noun, or like an adverb, describing the manner of an action. For example, it could be used in a phrase like 'the man giving the gift' or 'he spoke, giving a warning'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Active

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΕΧΩΝ, ΧΑΡΙΖΟΜΕΝΟΣ

G3326, G4183

Part of Speech: Prepositional Phrase

Sounds like: meh-TAH-pol-LAYS

Translations: with much, with great, with many

Notes: This is a compound phrase formed by the preposition 'μετά' (meta), meaning 'with', and the genitive feminine singular form 'πολλῆς' (polles) of the adjective 'πολύς' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many'. When used together, 'μετὰ πολλῆς' functions as an adverbial phrase indicating 'with much' or 'with great' of something. It is typically followed by a noun in the genitive case, describing the quantity or intensity of that noun.

Inflection: Preposition + Adjective (Singular, Genitive, Feminine)

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: poy-oo-MEH-noy

Translations: making, doing, performing, producing, creating, causing, practicing, carrying out

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle of the verb 'ποιέω' (poieō), meaning 'to make' or 'to do'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action being performed by or to the subject. It can convey the sense of 'those who are making/doing' (middle voice) or 'those who are being made/done' (passive voice), depending on the context. It is often used to describe actions or activities being carried out.

Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive Voice, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΟΝΤΕΣ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΕΝΟΙ

G3360

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEKH-ree

Translations: until, up to, as far as, even to, while, during

Notes: This word indicates a point in time or space that is reached, meaning 'until' or 'up to'. As a preposition, it takes the genitive case and specifies the limit of an action or state. As an adverb, it can modify verbs or clauses, indicating duration or extent. As a conjunction, it introduces a temporal clause, meaning 'while' or 'until'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΩΣ, ΑΧΡΙ

Etymology: From an assumed base *mekh-, perhaps related to μέγας (megas, “great”) or μήκος (mēkos, “length”). It denotes a limit or extent.

G4281

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pro-EEL-thon

Translations: I went forth, they went forth, I went forward, they went forward, I advanced, they advanced, I proceeded, they proceeded

Notes: This word is the third person plural (or first person singular) aorist indicative active form of the verb 'προέρχομαι' (proerchomai), meaning 'to go forth' or 'to go forward'. It describes an action of moving onward or advancing that occurred in the past. It can be used to describe people or things moving from one place to another, or progressing in a task or discussion.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, First Person Singular or Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΒΑΙΝΩ, ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word 'προέρχομαι' is a compound word formed from the preposition 'πρό' (pro), meaning 'before' or 'forward', and the verb 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: Tee-ree-DAH-tays

Translations: Tiridates

Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to a specific historical person named Tiridates. It is used to identify an individual, often a king or ruler, in historical or narrative contexts.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Tiridates is of Old Iranian origin, derived from the name Tīr-dāta, meaning 'given by Tir' (Tir being the name of a deity, often associated with the planet Mercury or the god of rain and fertility). It was a common name among Parthian and Armenian royalty.

G3739

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Conjunction

Sounds like: HOS

Translations: who, which, what, that, as, how, when

Notes: The word 'ΟΣ' is a versatile relative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'who,' 'which,' or 'that,' depending on the context and the gender, number, and case it agrees with. It introduces a relative clause, linking it to a preceding noun or pronoun. It can also function as a conjunction, meaning 'as,' 'how,' or 'when,' indicating manner or time.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Etymology: The word 'ΟΣ' is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has been a fundamental part of the Greek language's grammatical structure for millennia, serving to connect clauses and introduce relative information.

G5221

Part of Speech: Participle, Verb

Sounds like: hoo-pan-tee-AH-sas

Translations: having met, having encountered, meeting, encountering

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having met' or 'having encountered'. It describes an action that was completed before the action of the main verb in the sentence. It is used to indicate that someone came face to face with another person or thing, often unexpectedly or by appointment.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΝΤΑΩ, ΑΠΑΝΤΑΩ

Etymology: The word ΥΠΑΝΤΑΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΥΠΟ (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'to', and ΑΝΤΑΩ (antaō), meaning 'to meet' or 'to come opposite'.

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: poy-ee-SAH-meh-nos

Translations: having made, having done, having produced, having performed, having created, having appointed, having caused

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ποιέω' (poieō), meaning 'to make' or 'to do'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. In this form, it indicates an action performed by the subject for themselves or in their own interest (middle voice). It can be translated as 'having made' or 'having done', often implying the completion of an action that leads to a subsequent event.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΞΑΣ, ΕΡΓΑΣΑΜΕΝΟΣ

G3398, G2064

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: mee-KRO-neel-then

Translations: he/she/it almost came, he/she/it nearly came

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the adverbial use of 'μικρός' (mikros), meaning 'small' or 'little', and 'ἦλθεν' (elthen), the aorist form of 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. When combined, especially with the preposition 'παρά' (para) as 'παρὰ μικρόν', it forms an idiom meaning 'almost' or 'nearly'. Thus, 'μικρονῆλθεν' signifies that someone or something came very close to an event or state, but did not quite reach it.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist Active Indicative

Synonyms: ΟΛΙΓΟΝΗΛΘΕΝ, ΣΧΕΔΟΝΗΛΘΕΝ

G0251

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-loh-NAI

Translations: to be captured, to be taken, to be caught, to be conquered

Notes: This word is the aorist passive infinitive form of the verb 'ἁλίσκομαι' (haliskomai), meaning 'to be captured' or 'to be taken'. It describes the state of being seized or overcome, often in a military context, such as a city being captured, or a person being caught. It can also refer to being caught in a trap or snare.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΕΣΘΑΙ, ΚΡΑΤΕΙΣΘΑΙ

Etymology: The verb ἁλίσκομαι (haliskomai) is an ancient Greek verb with a complex etymology, often linked to the concept of 'taking' or 'capturing'. It is related to the verb αἱρέω (haireō), meaning 'to take' or 'to choose', but functions as its passive voice in many contexts.

G3913

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pah-rah-TAH-kseh-ohs

Translations: of battle array, of battle line, of battle, of array, of order

Notes: This word refers to the arrangement of troops for battle, a battle line, or the act of drawing up an army in formation. It can also refer more generally to an array or order. In a sentence, it would describe something belonging to or related to a military formation or a state of readiness for conflict.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΤΑΞΙΣ, ΣΥΝΤΑΞΙΣ, ΜΑΧΗ

Etymology: The word ΠΑΡΑΤΑΞΙΣ is derived from the verb παρατάσσω (paratassō), meaning 'to arrange side by side' or 'to draw up in battle array'. It is a compound word formed from the preposition παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and τάσσω (tassō), meaning 'to arrange' or 'to order'.

G1029

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: BRO-khon

Translations: snare, a snare, noose, a noose, trap, a trap

Notes: This word refers to a snare, noose, or trap, typically used for catching birds or animals. It can also be used metaphorically to describe a difficult or entangling situation, or something that restricts freedom. In the provided context, it is used to mean a snare or a restrictive bond.

Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΠΑΓΙΣ, ΘΗΡΑ

Etymology: The origin of the word is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to words describing rain or a downpour, possibly due to the way a net or snare might fall or close suddenly.

G0846, G4016

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ow-TOH-peh-ree-bah-LON

Translations: having thrown around himself, having put around himself, having cast around himself

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the reflexive pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΩ' (himself/itself) and the verb 'ΠΕΡΙΒΑΛΛΩ' (to throw around, to put around, to clothe). The word describes an action where someone has thrown or put something around themselves. It implies an action completed in the past with ongoing relevance.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΘΕΙΣ, ἘΝΔΥΣΑΜΕΝΟΣ

G5101

Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective

Sounds like: TEES

Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing

Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.

Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.

G3195

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-MEL-len

Translations: was about to, was going to, intended to, was destined to

Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative third person singular form of the verb μέλλω (mellō). It is often used as an auxiliary verb, indicating that an action was on the point of happening, was intended, or was destined to occur. It conveys a sense of imminence or future intention from a past perspective. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'He was about to leave' or 'She intended to speak'.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ἘΠΙΧΕΙΡΕΩ, ΒΟΥΛΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The verb μέλλω (mellō) comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words meaning 'to delay' or 'to be concerned with'.

G3591

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: XEE-fay

Translations: (to) a sword, (to) sword, (with) a sword, (with) sword, (by) a sword, (by) sword

Notes: This word refers to a sword, a common weapon used for cutting or thrusting. In this inflected form, it is in the dative case, which often indicates the instrument or means by which an action is performed, such as 'by means of a sword' or 'with a sword'. It can also indicate the recipient of an action, 'to a sword', though this is less common for this particular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΜΑΧΑΙΡΑ

G1565, G3588

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Article

Sounds like: eh-KAY-nos-TON

Translations: that, that one, he, the

Notes: This appears to be a compound or run-on word, likely a transcription error combining the demonstrative pronoun 'ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ' (ekeinos), meaning 'that' or 'that one', and the masculine accusative singular definite article 'ΤΟΝ' (ton), meaning 'the'. In Koine Greek, these two words would typically appear separately. For example, 'ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ ΤΟΝ' would mean 'that one, the...'. It is not a standard single word.

Inflection: ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ: Singular, Masculine, Nominative; ΤΟΝ: Singular, Masculine, Accusative

G5348

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EF-thay

Translations: was anticipated, was overtaken, was arrived at, was reached, was come to, was come upon, was prevented

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist passive indicative form of the verb 'φθάνω' (phthanō). It means 'to be anticipated,' 'to be overtaken,' or 'to be arrived at/reached.' It describes an action that was completed in the past, where the subject was the recipient of the action of being anticipated or reached.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Passive, Indicative

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΦΘΑΝΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

G0093

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ag-ree-OH-then-tes

Translations: having been made wild, having become wild, having been enraged, having become fierce

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'agrioō', meaning 'to make wild' or 'to become wild/fierce'. As a participle, it describes a state or action that has already occurred, indicating that the subject has been made wild, enraged, or has become fierce. It functions adjectivally or adverbially in a sentence, modifying a noun or describing the manner of an action.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ἘΞΑΓΡΙΟΩ, ΘΗΡΙΟΩ

G4183

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: PO-loo

Translations: much, many, great, greatly, often, a lot

Notes: This word is commonly used to indicate a large quantity, degree, or frequency. As an adverb, it means 'much,' 'greatly,' or 'often,' modifying verbs or adjectives. As an adjective, it means 'much' (for singular nouns) or 'many' (for plural nouns), describing the quantity of something. It can also mean 'great' in terms of size or importance.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular (as adjective); Does not inflect (as adverb)

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΛΑ, ΠΛΕΙΟΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'much' or 'many'. It is a very common word across various Indo-European languages.

G4128, G0444

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PLEH-thos-AN-throh-pon

Translations: multitude of people, crowd of people, great number of people

Notes: This is a compound noun formed from 'πλῆθος' (plethos), meaning 'multitude' or 'great number', and 'ἀνθρώπων' (anthropon), the genitive plural of 'ἄνθρωπος' (anthropos), meaning 'human being' or 'person'. Together, it refers to a large group or multitude of people. It is used to describe a large gathering or a significant quantity of individuals.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative (for ΠΛΗΘΟΣ), Genitive Plural (for ἈΝΘΡΩΠΩΝ)

Synonyms: ΟΧΛΟΣ, ΔΗΜΟΣ

G71

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: AH-gon-tes

Translations: leading, bringing, carrying, guiding, going, doing, observing

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'ἄγω' (agō), meaning 'to lead,' 'to bring,' or 'to carry.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action performed by the subject. It can mean 'those who are leading,' 'while leading,' or 'by leading,' depending on the context. It can also refer to 'doing' or 'observing' something, especially in the context of festivals or rituals.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΦΕΡΟΝΤΕΣ, ΚΟΜΙΖΟΝΤΕΣ, ἘΛΚΟΝΤΕΣ

G0932, G3825

Part of Speech: Noun, Adverb

Sounds like: bah-see-LAY-ohn PAH-lin

Translations: of kingdoms again, of reigns again, of royalties again

Notes: This is a compound word formed by the genitive plural of the noun ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΑ (BASILEIA), meaning 'kingdom' or 'royalty', and the adverb ΠΑΛΙΝ (PALIN), meaning 'again' or 'back'. Together, it means 'of kingdoms again' or 'back to kingdoms'. It describes a return or repetition concerning multiple kingdoms or royal authorities.

Inflection: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΩΝ: Plural, Genitive, Neuter or Feminine; ΠΑΛΙΝ: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΩΝ: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΩΝ, ΠΑΛΙΝ: ΑΥΘΙΣ, ΕΚ ΝΕΟΥ

G0321