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Interlinear version from Josephus' The Jewish War (Beta)
G2541
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: KAI-sar
Translations: Caesar
Notes: This word refers to Caesar, a title used by Roman emperors. It is derived from the family name of Julius Caesar and was adopted by subsequent emperors as a title of imperial authority. It is used in the New Testament to refer to the reigning Roman emperor.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Etymology: The word "ΚΑΙΣΑΡ" is a transliteration of the Latin name "Caesar," which was originally the cognomen of a branch of the gens Julia, most famously Gaius Julius Caesar. After his death, his adopted son Octavian (Augustus) used it as part of his title, and it subsequently became a title for Roman emperors.
G1161
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: DEH
Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however
Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: pom-PAY-oo
Translations: of Pompey
Notes: This is a proper noun referring to Pompey, a prominent Roman general and statesman. It is used to indicate possession or origin related to Pompey, similar to saying 'Pompey's' or 'belonging to Pompey' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: THAYS
Translations: of the
Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.
G4892
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: syng-KLEE-too
Translations: of a senate, of the senate, of a council, of the council
Notes: This word refers to a council or assembly, particularly a senate. It is used to denote the governing body, often in a political context, such as the Roman Senate. In this form, it indicates possession or origin, meaning 'of the senate' or 'belonging to the senate'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΗΣ, ΣΥΝΕΔΡΙΟΥ
G5343
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: fy-GON-ton
Translations: of those who fled, of those who escaped, of those who were banished
Notes: This word is a genitive plural participle derived from the verb 'to flee' or 'to escape'. It describes the action of fleeing or escaping, and in this form, it refers to 'those who have fled' or 'those who have escaped'. It is often used to indicate possession or origin, as in 'the possessions of those who fled'. It can also imply banishment or exile.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Genitive, Plural
Synonyms: ΔΙΩΚΟΝΤΩΝ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΡΑΣΚΟΝΤΩΝ
G5228
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: hoo-PER
Translations: over, above, for, on behalf of, concerning, beyond, more than
Notes: ΥΠΕΡ is a Koine Greek preposition. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often means 'on behalf of', 'for the sake of', 'concerning', or 'instead of'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'over', 'above', 'beyond', or 'more than', often indicating position or motion.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΠΙ, ΠΕΡΙ, ΑΝΤΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *uperi, meaning 'over, above'. It is cognate with English 'over' and Latin 'super'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: the
Notes: This word is the masculine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a particular masculine noun that is the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'he saw the man' or 'towards the God'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed to function as a marker of definiteness in Greek.
G2439
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Proper Noun
Sounds like: ee-OH-nee-on
Translations: Ionian, Ionian Sea
Notes: This word refers to something or someone from Ionia, an ancient region in western Asia Minor. Most commonly, it refers to the Ionian Sea, which is a part of the Mediterranean Sea located between Italy, Albania, and Greece. When used as a proper noun, it specifically designates this body of water.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Ionia, an ancient region in western Asia Minor, named after the Ionians, one of the four major tribes of ancient Greece.
G4516
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ROH-mays
Translations: of Rome
Notes: This word refers to the city of Rome, the capital of the Roman Empire. In the ancient world, Rome was a powerful and influential city, serving as the center of political, economic, and cultural life. As a proper noun, it is used to specifically identify this historical city.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: From Latin Roma, of uncertain origin. It is the name of the ancient city and empire.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G3650
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: OH-lohn
Translations: of all, of the whole, of everyone, of everything
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'holos', meaning 'all' or 'whole'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship concerning a group or totality of things or people. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'the will of all' or 'the sum of all things'.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders
Synonyms: ΠΑΝΤΩΝ
G2902
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: kra-TAY-sas
Translations: having taken hold of, having seized, having overcome, having gained control of, having prevailed
Notes: This word is a participle, indicating an action that has been completed in the past. It means to take hold of something, to seize it, to gain control over it, or to overcome an opponent or obstacle. It often implies a forceful or decisive action.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular
Synonyms: ΛΑΒΩΝ, ΕΧΩΝ, ΝΙΚΗΣΑΣ
G0447
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-nee-EE-see
Translations: he lets go, he releases, he loosens, he relaxes, he neglects, he gives up
Notes: This word describes the action of letting something go, releasing it, or loosening a hold. It can also imply relaxing effort, neglecting a duty, or giving up on something. It is often used in contexts of releasing prisoners, relaxing tension, or abandoning a task.
Inflection: Third Person Singular, Present Indicative, Active Voice
Synonyms: ἈΦΙΗΜΙ, ΛΥΩ, ΧΑΛΑΩ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀνίημι (aníēmi), a compound of ἀνά (aná, 'up, back') and ἵημι (híēmi, 'to send, to throw').
G3303
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: MEN
Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however
Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.
G1199
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: des-MOHN-ton
Translations: of bonds, of chains, of prisons, of imprisonment
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the noun 'desmos', meaning 'bond', 'chain', or 'imprisonment'. In this form, it is used to indicate possession or origin, often translated with 'of'. It refers to things that bind or restrict, such as physical chains or the state of being imprisoned.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΛΥΣΙΣ, ΔΕΣΜΟΝ
G0713
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ah-ris-TO-boo-lon
Translations: Aristobulus
Notes: This is a Greek proper name, meaning 'best counsel' or 'best advisor'. It was a common name in antiquity, borne by several historical figures, including members of the Herodian dynasty and a Jewish high priest. In a sentence, it would refer to a specific individual named Aristobulus, often as the direct object of a verb.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: The name Aristobulus is derived from the Greek words 'aristos' (ἄριστος), meaning 'best' or 'excellent', and 'boulē' (βουλή), meaning 'counsel' or 'advice'.
G3860
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: pa-ra-DOOS
Translations: having delivered, having handed over, having given up, having betrayed, having committed, having entrusted
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'παραδίδωμι' (paradidōmi), meaning 'to hand over,' 'to deliver,' 'to give up,' or 'to betray.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. It often indicates the agent who performed the action of handing over or delivering something, or the state of having done so. For example, it can be used to describe someone who has delivered a message, handed over a prisoner, or betrayed a trust.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Active
Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΕΠΙΔΙΔΩΜΙ
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Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral
Sounds like: DEL-tah
Translations: Delta, four, 4
Notes: Δ (Delta) is the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet. In the Greek numeral system, it represents the number four. It is also used as a symbol in various contexts, including mathematics and science, though its primary function in Koine Greek texts is as a letter or a numeral.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The Greek letter Delta is derived from the Phoenician letter Dalet, which means 'door'.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOH
Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself
Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter
G1417
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: DEE-oh
Translations: two
Notes: This word is a cardinal numeral meaning 'two'. It is used to indicate a quantity of two of something. It is indeclinable, meaning its form does not change regardless of gender, case, or number.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is cognate with English 'two'.
G5010
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: TAHG-mah-tah
Translations: order, a division, a company, a troop, a band, a class
Notes: This word refers to an arrangement, an order, or a division, often in a military or organizational context. It can denote a specific rank, a group of soldiers, or a structured class of people or things. It is used to describe something that is set in a particular sequence or position.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΤΑΞΙΣ, ΣΤΡΑΤΕΥΜΑ, ΚΑΤΑΛΟΓΟΣ
G2596
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: KAH-tah
Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along
Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.
G5035, G3992
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: TA-kho-se-PEM-psen
Translations: he sent quickly, he dispatched swiftly, he sent speedily
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the noun 'τάχος' (speed, swiftness) and the verb 'πέμπω' (to send, dispatch). It means 'he/she/it sent quickly' or 'he/she/it dispatched swiftly'. It describes an action of sending or dispatching something or someone with great speed.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ἘΞΑΠΕΣΤΕΙΛΕΝ, ἘΞΕΠΕΜΨΕΝ
G1519
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EES
Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward
Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.
G4948
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: soo-REE-ah
Translations: Syria
Notes: This word refers to the geographical region of Syria, an ancient country in the Middle East. It is used here in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The word 'Syria' is of ancient origin, derived from the Greek name for the region. It is believed to be related to Assyria, though the exact etymological connection is debated.
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOW-teen
Translations: this, that, this one, that one
Notes: ΤΑΥΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the demonstrative pronoun ΟΥ͂ΤΟΣ. It is used to point out something specific, often something near the speaker or something that has just been mentioned. It functions like 'this' or 'that' in English, and as an accusative, it typically serves as the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
G5037
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle
Sounds like: TEH
Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.
G4472
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: rah-DEE-ohs
Translations: easily, readily, quickly, without difficulty
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'easily' or 'readily'. It describes an action that is performed without much effort or resistance. For example, one might say something can be done 'easily' or 'without difficulty'. It can also imply 'quickly' in the sense of something being done without delay due to ease.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΥΚΟΛΩΣ, ΤΑΧΕΩΣ
Etymology: From the adjective ῥᾴδιος (rhadios), meaning 'easy' or 'ready'.
G1679
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: el-pee-SAS
Translations: having hoped, having expected, having trusted, having relied on
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'ἐλπίζω' (elpizō), meaning 'to hope' or 'to expect'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that occurred prior to the main verb. It conveys the sense of someone who has already performed the action of hoping or expecting.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist Active Participle
Synonyms: ΠΕΠΟΙΘΩΣ, ΠΙΣΤΕΥΣΑΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.
G4012
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PEH-ree
Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.
Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself
Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.
G2449
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: TAYN-ee-oo-DAH-ee-ahn
Translations: Judea, the Judea
Notes: This is a proper noun referring to Judea, a historical region in the Southern Levant. It is used here with the definite article 'the' (τὴν) and is in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition that takes the accusative.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
G1223
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral
Sounds like: DEE
Translations: through, by means of, on account of, because of, 14
Notes: This word is most commonly an elided form of the preposition ΔΙΑ (dia), meaning 'through', 'by means of', 'on account of', or 'because of'. It is used to indicate the means by which something is done or the reason for an action. It can also represent the Greek numeral 14, indicated by a keraia (a mark similar to an apostrophe) which is often omitted in transcription.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or numeral)
Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΥΠΟ, ΕΝΕΚΕΝ
Etymology: The preposition ΔΙΑ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'through' or 'apart'.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOO
Translations: (of) him, his, (of) it, its
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun. In this genitive singular form, it typically means 'of him,' 'his,' 'of it,' or 'its,' indicating possession or origin. It can refer to a male person or a neuter object/concept.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ (autos) is of uncertain origin, possibly from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'self'. It is an ancient Greek word that has been in continuous use.
G4314
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pros-AX-es-thai
Translations: to bring to, to lead to, to approach, to be brought near, to be presented
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition πρός (pros, 'to, toward') and the verb ἄγω (ago, 'to lead, to bring'). In its active form, it means 'to bring or lead someone or something to a place or person'. As an aorist middle/passive infinitive, as seen here, it can mean 'to be brought near, to be presented, to approach, or to be led to'. It describes the action of being brought into the presence of someone or something, or of oneself approaching.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle or Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΑΓΩ, ΦΕΡΩ, ΕΓΓΙΖΩ
Etymology: The word προσάγω (prosago) is derived from the prefix πρός (pros), meaning 'to, toward, in addition to', and the verb ἄγω (ago), meaning 'to lead, to bring, to guide'.
G5348
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: FTHA-nee
Translations: he/she/it comes, he/she/it arrives, he/she/it reaches, he/she/it attains, he/she/it anticipates, he/she/it comes upon
Notes: This is the third person singular present active indicative form of the verb 'φθάνω'. It generally means to arrive, come, or reach a certain point or state. It can also imply anticipating or coming upon something unexpectedly. It is used to describe an action that is currently happening or a state that is currently being reached by a singular subject.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΦΘΑΝΩ, ΗΚΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter
Sounds like: OH
Translations: the, who, which, O
Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)
Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.
G5355
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: FTHO-nos
Translations: envy, jealousy, a grudge, ill-will
Notes: This word refers to the feeling of envy or jealousy, often accompanied by ill-will or a grudge towards another person's possessions, advantages, or success. It describes a negative emotion that can lead to harmful actions or attitudes.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΖΗΛΟΣ, ΒΑΣΚΑΝΙΑ
Etymology: The word 'φθόνος' is of uncertain origin, possibly related to 'φθάνω' (to anticipate, to be before), implying a sense of being outdone or surpassed.
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ten-ah-ris-toh-BOO-loo
Translations: of Aristobulus
Notes: This is a compound word consisting of the definite article 'τὴν' (tēn), meaning 'the' (accusative feminine singular), and the proper noun 'Ἀριστοβούλου' (Aristoboulou), which is the genitive singular form of 'Ἀριστόβουλος' (Aristoboulos). Therefore, the combined phrase means 'the (of) Aristobulus'. It refers to something belonging to or associated with a person named Aristobulus. It would be used in a sentence to indicate possession or origin, for example, 'the house of Aristobulus' or 'the plan of Aristobulus'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
G4290
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pro-thy-MEE-an
Translations: readiness, eagerness, willingness, zeal, a readiness, an eagerness, a willingness, a zeal
Notes: This word refers to a state of being ready, eager, or willing to do something. It implies a prompt and enthusiastic disposition. It is often used to describe a positive attitude towards a task or a person, indicating a cheerful and unhesitating willingness to act.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΘΥΜΟΤΗΣ, ΕΥΝΟΙΑ, ΖΗΛΟΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAS
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑΣ is the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a particular noun, similar to 'the' in English. This specific form is used when the noun it modifies is feminine, plural, and in the accusative case, indicating the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Feminine, Plural, Accusative
G2541
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: KAI-sar-os
Translations: of Caesar
Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the proper noun 'Caesar'. It refers to the Roman emperor, or more generally, the imperial authority. In the New Testament, it often refers to the reigning emperor, such as Augustus or Tiberius, or the office itself.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Etymology: From Latin 'Caesar', originally a Roman family name, which became a title for the Roman emperors after Julius Caesar. The name's ultimate origin is uncertain, possibly from 'caesaries' (hair) or 'caesus' (cut).
G1680
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: EL-pi-DAS
Translations: hopes, expectations
Notes: This word is a noun meaning 'hope' or 'expectation'. It refers to a confident anticipation or a positive outlook towards the future. In this form, it is the plural accusative case, indicating that it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions, referring to multiple hopes or expectations.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΔΟΚΙΑ
G5331
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: far-ma-koh-GOON
Translations: to drug, to poison, to bewitch, to practice sorcery
Notes: This word is a verb meaning to administer drugs, especially in a harmful way, such as to poison someone. It can also refer to practicing sorcery or witchcraft, as drugs were often associated with such practices in ancient times. It describes the action of using substances to influence or harm others.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter, Singular
Synonyms: ΦΑΡΜΑΚΕΥΣ, ΓΟΗΤΕΥΩ
G0337
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Part of Speech: Participle, Verb
Sounds like: ah-nah-ee-re-THEYS
Translations: having been taken up, having been taken away, having been killed, having been destroyed
Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle of the verb ἀναιρέω (anaireō). It describes an action that has been completed in the past, where the subject of the participle is the one who received the action. Depending on context, it can mean 'having been taken up' or 'having been taken away', often referring to the removal or destruction of something or someone. In many contexts, especially in historical or narrative texts, it specifically means 'having been killed' or 'having been put to death'.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular
Synonyms: ἈΠΟΘΑΝΩΝ, ἈΠΟΛΟΜΕΝΟΣ, ΦΟΝΕΥΘΕΙΣ
G5259
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: hoo-POH
Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.
G5426
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: froh-NOON-tohn
Translations: of those thinking, of those understanding, of those having a mind, of those being minded, of those being wise
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'phroneo', meaning to think, to have understanding, or to be minded in a certain way. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or noun, describing someone who is in the act of thinking or having a particular mindset. In this form, it refers to 'those who are thinking' or 'those who are of a certain mind'.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΝΟΟΥΝΤΩΝ, ΣΥΝΙΕΝΤΩΝ
Etymology: The word Φρονέω (phroneō) comes from φρήν (phrēn), meaning 'mind' or 'intellect'. It refers to the faculty of thought and understanding.
G3360
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb, Conjunction
Sounds like: MEKH-ree
Translations: until, up to, as far as, even to, while, during
Notes: This word indicates a point in time or space that is reached, meaning 'until' or 'up to'. As a preposition, it takes the genitive case and specifies the limit of an action or state. As an adverb, it can modify verbs or clauses, indicating duration or extent. As a conjunction, it introduces a temporal clause, meaning 'while' or 'until'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΩΣ, ΑΧΡΙ
Etymology: From an assumed base *mekh-, perhaps related to μέγας (megas, “great”) or μήκος (mēkos, “length”). It denotes a limit or extent.
G4183
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pol-LOO-men
Translations: much, many, great, large, abundant, numerous
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the adjective 'πολύς' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many'. It describes quantity or extent. It can be used to modify nouns, indicating a large number or amount of something, or it can function adverbially to mean 'greatly' or 'much'.
Inflection: Accusative, Masculine, Singular
Synonyms: ΠΛΕΙΩΝ, ΙΚΑΝΟΣ, ΑΦΘΟΝΟΣ
G3761
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction
Sounds like: oo-DEH
Translations: not even, neither, nor, and not
Notes: This is a compound word formed from the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the conjunction 'δέ' (but, and). It is used to emphasize a negation, meaning 'not even' or 'neither/nor'. It can connect clauses or phrases, indicating that something is also not true or not happening. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'He did not go, nor did he send anyone.'
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΜΗΔΕ, ΜΗ
Etymology: From the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the postpositive conjunction 'δέ' (but, and).
G5028
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: tah-FESS
Translations: of burial, of a burial, of a tomb, of a grave
Notes: This word refers to the act of burial or the place where someone is buried, such as a tomb or grave. It is used to describe the process of interring a body or the final resting place. As a genitive noun, it often indicates possession or relationship, such as 'of burial' or 'belonging to a tomb'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΝΤΑΦΙΑΣΜΟΣ, ΜΝΗΜΑ, ΤΑΦΟΣ
G1722
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: en
Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).
Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun
Sounds like: TAY
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which
Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.
G3966
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pa-TRO-ah
Translations: paternal, ancestral, of a father, hereditary
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'paternal' or 'ancestral'. It describes something belonging to or inherited from a father or ancestors. It can be used to refer to traditions, possessions, or characteristics passed down through a family line.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Vocative, Feminine; or Singular, Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΠΑΤΡΙΚΟΣ, ΠΑΤΡΙΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΠΑΤΡΩΟΣ (patrōos) is derived from the noun ΠΑΤΗΡ (patēr), meaning 'father'. It signifies a relationship or connection to a father or ancestors.
G5561
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHO-rah
Translations: country, a country, land, a land, region, a region, place, a place, field, a field
Notes: This word refers to a geographical area, territory, or a specific plot of land. It can denote a large region, a specific country, or even a cultivated field. It is used to describe the physical space or territory associated with a people or a ruler.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΓΗ, ΤΟΠΟΣ, ΑΓΡΟΣ
Etymology: From an uncertain root, possibly related to the concept of 'space' or 'place'.
G3348
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: meh-TEH-khen
Translations: he was partaking, he was sharing, he was participating, he was having a share in
Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the preposition ΜΕΤΑ (with, among) and the verb ΕΧΩ (to have, to hold). It means to have a share in something, to partake of, to participate in, or to be associated with. It describes an ongoing action in the past, indicating that someone was in the process of sharing or participating.
Inflection: 3rd Person, Singular, Imperfect, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΚΟΙΝΩΝΕΩ, ΜΕΡΙΖΩ
G2749
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-KAY-toh
Translations: he was lying, it was lying, he lay, it lay, he was set, it was set, he was placed, it was placed
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to lie down', 'to be laid', 'to be placed', or 'to be set'. It describes a state of being in a particular position or location. It is often used to describe a person or object resting or situated somewhere.
Inflection: Imperfect, Middle/Passive, Indicative, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΚΕΙΜΑΙ, ΑΝΑΚΕΙΜΑΙ
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: meh-li-sin-tee-ROO-meh-nos
Translations: preserved with honey, honey-preserved
Notes: This is a compound adjective meaning 'preserved with honey' or 'honey-preserved'. It describes something that has been kept or conserved using honey, often for its sweetness or preservative qualities. It would be used to modify a noun, indicating that the noun has undergone this specific method of preservation.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Present Passive Participle
G3498
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: NEK-ros
Translations: dead, a dead person, a corpse
Notes: This word refers to something that is dead, lifeless, or deceased. As an adjective, it describes a state of being without life. As a noun, it refers to a dead body or a deceased individual. In Koine Greek, it can be used literally for physical death or metaphorically for spiritual death or insensitivity.
Inflection: Masculine, Feminine, Neuter; Singular, Plural; All cases
Synonyms: ΤΕΘΝΗΚΩΣ, ΑΨΥΧΟΣ, ΠΤΩΜΑ
Etymology: The word ΝΕΚΡΟΣ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *neḱ- 'to perish, disappear'. It is related to words meaning 'death' or 'corpse' in various Indo-European languages.
G2193
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb, Preposition
Sounds like: EH-ohs
Translations: until, while, as long as, up to, even to, as far as
Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a point in time or extent in space. It is commonly translated as 'until' or 'as long as' when referring to time, and 'up to' or 'as far as' when referring to space. It can also mean 'while' or 'during the time that', often introducing a temporal clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΕΧΡΙ, ΑΧΡΙ, ΠΡΙΝ
Etymology: From a prolonged form of a primary particle. It is an ancient Greek word with a long history of use in temporal and spatial contexts.
G5259
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix
Sounds like: HOOP
Translations: under, by, with, from, at, through, in, of
Notes: This word is a common Greek preposition and prefix. As a preposition, it typically means 'under' or 'below', but its meaning can vary significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the accusative case, it can indicate motion towards a place ('under', 'to'). As a prefix, it means 'under', 'below', 'less than', or 'secretly', as seen in compound words like 'υποκάτω' (underneath). The form 'ΥΠ' is a common truncation of 'ΥΠΟ' when it acts as a prefix, especially before a vowel, or as part of a compound word.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or prefix)
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑ, ΕΠΙ
G445
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: an-TOH-nee-oo
Translations: of Antony
Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the proper noun 'Antony'. It refers to a male individual named Antony, a common Roman family name. In a sentence, it would indicate possession or origin, such as 'the house of Antony' or 'Antony's house'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Etymology: The name 'Antony' is of Latin origin, derived from the Roman gens name 'Antonius'. It was a prominent family name in ancient Rome, famously borne by Mark Antony.
G2453
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ee-oo-DAH-ee-oys
Translations: to Jews, for Jews, with Jews, among Jews
Notes: This word refers to Jews or Jewish people. It is a plural noun in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action or the recipient of something. It can be translated as 'to Jews,' 'for Jews,' 'with Jews,' or 'among Jews,' depending on the context.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine
G3992
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-PEMF-thay
Translations: he was sent, she was sent, it was sent
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to send'. The form provided, 'ἘΠΕΜΦΘΗ', is the third person singular, aorist indicative, passive voice. It describes an action that happened in the past, where the subject received the action of being sent.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Passive
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ, ΣΤΕΛΛΩ
Etymology: The word ΠΕΜΠΩ is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It has cognates in other Indo-European languages, suggesting an ancient root related to movement or sending.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toys
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: ΤΟΙΣ is the dative plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, but specifically indicates the indirect object or the recipient of an action, or location/instrument when used with a dative noun. It can be used with masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns in the plural.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into the definite article in Greek.
G0937
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: bah-see-lee-KOYS
Translations: royal, kingly, of the king, (to) royal ones, (to) kingly ones, (to) royal things
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'royal' or 'kingly', referring to something that belongs to a king or is characteristic of a king. It can describe people, objects, or concepts associated with royalty. In the provided examples, it modifies 'bibliophylakiois' (archives/treasuries), 'oikonomois' (stewards), and 'thoraxin' (breastplates), indicating that these are 'royal archives', 'royal stewards', and 'royal breastplates'. It is used here in the dative plural case.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΟΣ, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ
Etymology: From the Greek word ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ (basileus), meaning 'king'. The suffix -ικός (-ikos) is used to form adjectives indicating 'belonging to' or 'pertaining to'.
G3419
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: mnay-MEH-oys
Translations: tombs, graves, monuments, sepulchers
Notes: This word refers to a place of remembrance, typically a tomb, grave, or monument where a deceased person is buried or commemorated. It is often used in the context of burial sites or places where the dead are laid to rest.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΤΑΦΟΙΣ, ΚΟΙΜΗΤΗΡΙΟΙΣ
G1779
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: en-tah-fee-SOH-meh-nos
Translations: about to be buried, to be buried
Notes: This word is a future passive participle derived from the verb 'entaphiazō', meaning 'to prepare for burial' or 'to bury'. As a future passive participle, it describes something that is 'about to be buried' or 'destined to be buried'. It functions adjectivally, modifying a noun, and indicates an action that will be performed upon the subject in the future.
Inflection: Future, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΘΑΠΤΩ
Etymology: The word ἐνταφιάζω (entaphiazō) is a compound word formed from the preposition ἐν (en), meaning 'in' or 'into', and the verb τάφος (taphos), meaning 'burial' or 'tomb'. The combination signifies the act of placing something into a tomb or preparing it for burial.
G0337
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-nah-EE-reh-tai
Translations: he is taken up, he is killed, he is destroyed, he is put to death
Notes: This word means to take up, to destroy, or to kill. In the passive voice, as it appears here, it means to be taken up, to be killed, or to be destroyed. It is often used in contexts describing the death or removal of a person or thing.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Passive
Synonyms: ἈΠΟΛΛΥΤΑΙ, ΦΟΝΕΥΕΤΑΙ, ἈΝΑΛΙΣΚΕΤΑΙ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀνά (aná, 'up, again') and αἱρέω (hairéō, 'to take, seize'). The combination implies 'to take up' or 'to take away completely'.
G5207
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: HUI-os
Translations: son, a son
Notes: This word refers to a male offspring, a son. It is a masculine noun and is commonly used to denote a direct descendant or, in a broader sense, someone who shares a close relationship or characteristic with another, such as 'sons of God' or 'sons of disobedience'. It can also refer to a young man or a male child.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΤΕΚΝΟΝ, ΠΑΙΣ
Etymology: From an unused root, probably meaning 'to beget'. It is related to the concept of generation and lineage.
G220
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ah-lek-SAN-dros
Translations: Alexander
Notes: This is a common Greek proper name, meaning 'defender of mankind' or 'protector of men'. It refers to various historical figures, most notably Alexander the Great, the king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon. It is used as a subject in sentences, indicating the person performing an action.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Etymology: The name 'Alexandros' is derived from the Greek verb ἀλέξω (alexō), meaning 'to ward off, to defend, to help', and ἀνήρ (anēr), meaning 'man' (genitive ἀνδρός, andros). Thus, it means 'defender of mankind'.
G3990
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: peh-LEH-kee
Translations: to an axe, with an axe, by an axe, an axe, axe, a hatchet, hatchet
Notes: This word refers to an axe or a hatchet, a tool typically used for chopping wood or as a weapon. It is used here in the dative case, indicating the instrument by which an action is performed, or the recipient of an action.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine
Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly pre-Greek. It refers to a type of axe, often with a double-edged blade.
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: hoo-pos-kee-PEE-oh-nos
Translations: of Scipio
Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the proper noun 'Scipio', a famous Roman family name, particularly associated with the Roman general Scipio Africanus. The prefix 'ὑπό' (hypo) means 'under' or 'by', so 'ὑποσκιπίωνος' literally means 'by Scipio' or 'under Scipio'. It indicates agency or association with Scipio.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Etymology: The word 'Scipio' is of Latin origin, referring to a prominent Roman family. The Greek form 'Σκιπίων' is a transliteration of the Latin name. The prefix 'ὑπό' is a common Greek preposition meaning 'under' or 'by'.
G0490
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: An-tee-O-KHEH-yah
Translations: Antioch
Notes: Antioch refers to a prominent ancient city, specifically Antioch on the Orontes in Syria, which was a major center of early Christianity and a significant city in the Roman Empire. It is frequently mentioned in the New Testament, particularly in the book of Acts, as a place where the disciples were first called Christians.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The name 'Antioch' comes from the Greek name 'Antiochos', which was common among the Seleucid kings who founded many cities named Antioch. It means 'resisting' or 'standing against'.
G3778
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TOOT
Translations: this, that, this one, that one, of this, of that, to this, to that
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the demonstrative pronoun and adjective 'οὗτος' (houtos), meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something specific, either nearby or previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it can stand alone, referring to a person or thing. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, agreeing with it in gender, number, and case. Its meaning can shift slightly depending on the context, often emphasizing proximity or a specific reference.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
G1989
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: ep-ee-STEL-lan-tos
Translations: having sent, having written, having commanded, having given instructions
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'epistellō', meaning 'to send a message, to write, to command, or to give instructions'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. It often implies that someone has sent a letter or given a specific order or instruction. For example, it could be used to say 'he, having sent a letter...' or 'because he commanded...'.
Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Singular, Masculine, Genitive
Synonyms: ΓΡΑΨΑΝΤΟΣ, ΠΕΜΨΑΝΤΟΣ, ΚΕΛΕΥΣΑΝΤΟΣ
G1096
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: geh-no-MEH-nays
Translations: (of) having become, (of) having happened, (of) being, (of) coming into existence, (of) being born, (of) being made
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become,' 'to happen,' 'to come into existence,' or 'to be made.' As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is in the process of occurring, often functioning like a verbal adjective or an adverbial clause. In this form, it indicates a feminine singular genitive relationship, often translated as 'of having become' or 'when it became' in a genitive absolute construction.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine, Aorist Middle Participle
Synonyms: ΓΕΝΕΣΘΑΙ, ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΟΝ
G2724
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kah-tay-go-REE-ahs
Translations: of accusation, of charge, of indictment, of a charge, of an indictment
Notes: This word refers to an accusation, charge, or indictment. It is often used in legal or formal contexts to describe a formal statement accusing someone of a crime or wrongdoing. It is a compound word derived from 'κατά' (against) and 'ἀγορεύω' (to speak in the assembly, to accuse).
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΓΚΛΗΜΑ, ΑΙΤΙΑ
G4253
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PRO
Translations: before, in front of, for, on behalf of, in the presence of, prior to, instead of
Notes: This word is a preposition that typically takes the genitive case. It can indicate a spatial relationship, meaning 'before' or 'in front of' something or someone. It can also denote a temporal relationship, meaning 'before' in time, or a causal relationship, meaning 'for' or 'on behalf of' someone or something. In some contexts, it can also mean 'instead of' or 'in the presence of'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΜΠΡΟΣΘΕΝ, ΑΝΤΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'before, in front of'. It is cognate with English 'for' and Latin 'pro'.
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G0968
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: BAY-mah-tos
Translations: of a step, of a pace, of a platform, of a tribunal, of a judgment seat
Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the noun 'βῆμα' (bēma). It refers to a step, a raised platform, or a tribunal/judgment seat. In a sentence, it would indicate possession or origin, such as 'of the platform' or 'belonging to the judgment seat'. It is often used in contexts referring to a place from which one speaks or judges.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΒΑΣΙΣ, ΒΑΘΜΟΣ, ΔΙΚΑΣΤΗΡΙΟΝ
Etymology: From the Greek verb βαίνω (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to step'. The noun βῆμα (bēma) literally refers to a 'step' or 'pace', and by extension, a raised place ascended by steps.
G5607
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Part of Speech: Participle, Verb
Sounds like: OHN
Translations: being, who is, which is, he who is, they who are
Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'to be'. It describes a state of being or existence, often functioning like an adjective or a noun. It can be translated as 'being' or 'who is/are' depending on the context, referring to someone or something that is in a particular state or performing an action of being.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative
G4514
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: roh-MAH-ee-oos
Translations: Romans
Notes: This word refers to the people of Rome or the Roman Empire. It is used to denote the inhabitants or citizens of Rome, or more broadly, those associated with the Roman state. In the provided context, it is used to indicate the destination or object of an action involving the Romans.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine
G983
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eb-LAP-sen
Translations: harmed, injured, damaged, hurt
Notes: This word describes the act of causing harm, injury, or damage to someone or something. It is used to indicate that an action or event has had a detrimental effect. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'The storm harmed the crops' or 'His words injured her feelings'.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΑΔΙΚΕΩ, ΖΗΜΙΟΩ, ΚΑΚΟΩ
G0080
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-del-FOOS
Translations: brothers, brethren
Notes: This word refers to brothers or male siblings. In a broader sense, it can also refer to fellow members of a community, countrymen, or spiritual brethren. It is used here in the accusative plural, indicating that the brothers are the direct object of an action.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ἈΔΕΛΦΟΙ
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: PTO-le-my-os
Translations: Ptolemy
Notes: Ptolemy is a common Greek proper name, most famously associated with the Ptolemaic dynasty of Hellenistic pharaohs who ruled Egypt after the death of Alexander the Great. It is used to refer to a specific individual named Ptolemy.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Etymology: The name Ptolemy is derived from the ancient Greek word 'πόλεμος' (polemos), meaning 'war' or 'battle'. It is thought to mean 'warlike' or 'aggressive'.
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: men-NAI-oo
Translations: of Mennaios
Notes: This is the genitive form of the proper noun 'Mennaios', referring to a person named Mennaios. It indicates possession or origin, meaning 'of Mennaios' or 'belonging to Mennaios'. It would be used in a sentence to show that something is associated with or comes from this individual.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Etymology: The name 'Mennaios' is of Semitic origin, likely Aramaic, and was common in the Near East during the Hellenistic and Roman periods.
G3880
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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)
Sounds like: pa-ra-la-BOHN
Translations: having received, having taken, having taken along, having taken aside, having taken over, having taken possession of
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'παραλαμβάνω' (paralambanō), meaning 'to receive' or 'to take alongside'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is ongoing, often functioning like an adjective or adverb in a sentence. It can imply taking something into one's possession, taking someone with oneself, or taking over a responsibility or role. The specific nuance depends on the context.
Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative Masculine Singular
Synonyms: ΛΑΒΩΝ, ΔΕΞΑΜΕΝΟΣ, ΚΟΜΙΣΑΜΕΝΟΣ
G3739
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Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Conjunction
Sounds like: HOS
Translations: who, which, what, that, as, how, when
Notes: The word 'ΟΣ' is a versatile relative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'who,' 'which,' or 'that,' depending on the context and the gender, number, and case it agrees with. It introduces a relative clause, linking it to a preceding noun or pronoun. It can also function as a conjunction, meaning 'as,' 'how,' or 'when,' indicating manner or time.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Etymology: The word 'ΟΣ' is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has been a fundamental part of the Greek language's grammatical structure for millennia, serving to connect clauses and introduce relative information.
G2902
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ek-ra-TEH-tees
Translations: you were holding, you were seizing, you were ruling, you were prevailing, you were grasping
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to hold', 'to seize', 'to grasp', 'to rule', or 'to prevail'. It describes an ongoing action in the past. It can be used to describe someone holding onto an object, seizing power, or maintaining control over a situation or people.
Inflection: Second Person, Singular, Imperfect, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΕΧΩ, ΚΥΡΙΕΥΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TOH
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the
Notes: ΤΩ is the dative singular form of the definite article 'the'. It indicates the indirect object of a verb or the means/instrument by which an action is performed. It can also be used to indicate location or association, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', 'by', 'with', or 'in'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
G3030
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: lee-BAH-noh
Translations: to frankincense, with frankincense, frankincense
Notes: This word refers to frankincense, a fragrant gum resin obtained from trees, often used in ancient times for incense and perfumes. In the provided examples, it is used to describe aromatic substances or to indicate something being treated or mixed with frankincense.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΛΙΒΑΝΩΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΛΙΒΑΝΟΣ (libanos) is of Semitic origin, likely from Hebrew 'levonah' (לְבוֹנָה), meaning 'frankincense' or 'white' (referring to its color).
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: KHAL-kee-dos
Translations: of Chalcis
Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the proper noun 'Chalcis', referring to an ancient city, particularly one on the island of Euboea in Greece, or another city of the same name in Syria. It is used to indicate possession or origin, such as 'the king of Chalcis'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
G5375
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: fee-lip-PEE-oh-nah
Translations: Philippi, the Philippians
Notes: This word refers to the city of Philippi, located in ancient Macedonia, or to its inhabitants, the Philippians. It is often used in historical or geographical contexts, or when referring to the people from that city.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine or Feminine
G5207
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: wee-ON
Translations: son, a son
Notes: This word refers to a male offspring or descendant. It can be used literally for a biological son, or more broadly for someone who is a descendant or follower. It is often used in the context of family relationships or lineage.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΤΕΚΝΟΝ, ΠΑΙΣ
G1909
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: ep
Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, by, before, among, concerning, with
Notes: This word is a preposition, often used as a prefix in compound words. It is a shortened form of the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), which loses its final vowel when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark. Its precise meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it often means 'on, upon, over' (of place) or 'at, during' (of time); with the dative, it can mean 'on, at, by' (of place), 'in addition to', or 'for, because of'; and with the accusative, it typically means 'to, toward, against' (of motion) or 'over, upon' (of extent).
Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition)
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ὙΠΕΡ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ (epi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'on, at, near'.
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Unknown
Sounds like: It's not possible to provide a phonetic approximation for a word that is likely a misspelling or garbled.
Translations: unknown
Notes: This word appears to be a misspelling or a garbled combination of two distinct Koine Greek words: ΑΥ̓ΤΟΥΣ (autous) and ΕἸΣ (eis). ΑΥ̓ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the pronoun 'autos', meaning 'them' or 'themselves'. ΕἸΣ is a common preposition meaning 'into', 'to', 'for', or 'among', and can also be the numeral 'one'. As a single word, ΑΥ̓ΤΟΥΣΕἸΣ is not recognized in Koine Greek and likely represents a textual error.
Inflection: Unknown
G795
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: as-ka-LOH-na
Translations: Ashkelon, to Ashkelon
Notes: Ashkelon is an ancient Philistine city located on the Mediterranean coast. It is mentioned in the Old Testament and later in historical texts as a significant city in the region. In Koine Greek, this form of the word indicates movement towards or into the city, or that it is the direct object of an action.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
G3992
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: PEM-pei
Translations: sends, is sending, sends forth, dispatches, escorts, accompanies
Notes: This word means to send, dispatch, or escort. It is used to describe the action of causing someone or something to go from one place to another, often with a specific purpose or message. It can also mean to accompany or conduct someone.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ, ΙΗΜΙ, ΣΤΕΛΛΩ
G2532, G1565
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Pronoun
Sounds like: kah-keh-EE-nos
Translations: and that one, and he, and she, and it, and those, and they
Notes: This is a compound word formed from the conjunction 'καί' (and) and the demonstrative pronoun 'ἐκεῖνος' (that one, he, she, it). It means 'and that one' or 'and he/she/it', often used to refer back to a previously mentioned person or thing, or to introduce another person or thing in a similar context. It functions as a pronoun with an added conjunctive sense.
Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Masculine
G0645
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ah-pos-PAH-sas
Translations: having torn away, having pulled off, having separated, having drawn off
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'ἀποσπάω' (apospaō), meaning 'to tear away,' 'to pull off,' or 'to separate.' As a participle, it describes an action that has been completed prior to the main verb of the sentence, often indicating the cause, manner, or circumstance of the main action. It implies a forceful or decisive removal or separation.
Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular
Synonyms: ἈΠΟΣΥΡΩ, ἈΦΑΙΡΕΩ
Etymology: The word ἀποσπάω (apospaō) is a compound word formed from the prefix ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from,' and the verb σπάω (spaō), meaning 'to draw,' 'to pull,' or 'to tear.'
G711, G1135
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-ris-toh-BOO-loo-goo-NAI-koss
Translations: of Aristobulus's wife, of Aristobulus' wife
Notes: This is a compound word formed from the genitive singular of 'Aristoboulos' (a proper noun, meaning 'best counsel' or 'best counselor') and the genitive singular of 'gynē' (meaning 'woman' or 'wife'). Therefore, it means 'of Aristobulus's wife' or 'of Aristobulus' wife'. It is used to indicate possession or relationship, specifying that something belongs to or is related to the wife of a person named Aristobulus.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
G499
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: an-tee-GOH-non
Translations: Antigonus
Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to Antigonus, a common name among Hellenistic kings and generals, particularly Antigonus I Monophthalmus, one of Alexander the Great's generals, or his grandson Antigonus II Gonatas. It is used to refer to a specific individual.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: The name Antigonus is of Greek origin, derived from 'anti' (against, in return for) and 'gonos' (offspring, birth). It means 'instead of a father' or 'worthy of one's father'.
G0080
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-del-FAS
Translations: sisters, the sisters
Notes: This word refers to female siblings or, more broadly, to female fellow-believers or close associates. It is used in sentences to denote a group of women who are sisters by birth or by a shared bond.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine
G4314
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PROSS
Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to
Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).
Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.
G3962
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pa-TEH-ra
Translations: father, a father
Notes: This word refers to a father or a male parent. It is used in a general sense to denote a biological father, an ancestor, or even a spiritual father figure. In this form, it functions as the direct object of a verb or preposition.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
G321
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: an-EE-gah-gen
Translations: he brought up, he led up, he took up, he offered up, she brought up, she led up, she took up, she offered up, it brought up, it led up, it took up, it offered up
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἀνά (aná, meaning 'up' or 'again') and the verb ἄγω (ágō, meaning 'to lead' or 'to bring'). It means 'to bring up', 'to lead up', 'to take up', or 'to offer up'. It is often used in contexts of bringing someone or something to a higher place, or offering sacrifices. It can also refer to leading someone out of a place, such as out of Egypt.
Inflection: Aorist Active Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ἈΝΕΒΗ, ἘΞΑΓΩ
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Part of Speech: Unknown
Sounds like: ah-LOOS
Translations: unknown
Notes: This word does not appear to be a standard Koine Greek word. It is possible it is a misspelling, a very rare or obscure word, or a word from a different dialect or language. Without further context or clarification, its meaning is unknown.
Inflection: Unknown
G2074
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: eh-ROH-tee
Translations: (to) love, (to) desire, (to) passion
Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the noun 'ἔρως' (eros), meaning 'love', 'desire', or 'passion'. It refers to a strong, often passionate, form of love or desire, distinct from other forms of love like 'agape' (unconditional love) or 'philia' (friendship love). In its dative form, it indicates the recipient or object of an action, often translated as 'to love' or 'for love'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΘΥΜΙΑ, ΠΑΘΟΣ
G1060
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ga-MEH-ee
Translations: marries, is marrying, takes a wife, is taking a wife
Notes: This word means 'to marry' or 'to take a wife'. It is used to describe the act of entering into marriage, typically from the perspective of the male. It can be used in sentences like 'He marries her' or 'He is taking a wife'.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Singular
Etymology: From γάμος (gamos), meaning 'marriage'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TANE
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.
G2087
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: EH-teh-ran
Translations: another, other, a different
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'another', 'other', or 'different'. It is used to refer to something that is distinct in kind or quality from something else already mentioned or implied. For example, it might refer to 'another kind of person' or 'a different type of thing'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΛΛΟΣ
G3326
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: MEH-tah
Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides
Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TOW-tah
Translations: these, these things
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'these' or 'these things'. It refers to something previously mentioned or understood from the context, pointing it out specifically. As a pronoun, it stands in place of a noun, while as an adjective, it modifies a noun.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
G3962
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: too-PAH-tross
Translations: (of) the father
Notes: This word is a compound of the definite article "τοῦ" (the) and the noun "πατήρ" (father), inflected in the genitive case. It refers to the father, indicating possession, origin, or relationship. For example, it could mean 'of the father' or 'belonging to the father'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TEEN
Translations: her, it, herself
Notes: This is a third-person personal pronoun, specifically the feminine, singular, accusative form of 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It is used to refer to a feminine noun that is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. It can be translated as 'her' or 'it' (when referring to a feminine object), and sometimes reflexively as 'herself' or 'itself'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
G2892
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: KTEI-ne-tai
Translations: is killed, is slain, is put to death
Notes: This word describes the action of being killed or slain. It is used to indicate that someone or something is being put to death, often in a violent manner. It is a passive form, meaning the subject is receiving the action rather than performing it.
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Passive, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΘΝῌΣΚΩ, ΦΟΝΕΥΩ
G1063
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: gar
Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.
G0223, G0337
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun, Verb
Sounds like: ah-lek-SAN-dran ah-ne-LON
Translations: Alexandra, taking up, lifting up, destroying, killing
Notes: This appears to be a compound word or a concatenation of two separate words: 'Ἀλεξάνδραν' (Alexandran) and 'ἀνελών' (anelōn). 'Ἀλεξάνδραν' is the accusative singular form of the proper noun 'Alexandra', referring to a female person named Alexandra. 'ἀνελών' is the aorist active participle of the verb 'ἀναιρέω', meaning 'to take up', 'to lift up', 'to destroy', or 'to kill'. The combination suggests an action related to Alexandra, such as 'taking up Alexandra' or 'Alexandra, having killed'. It is highly probable that these are two distinct words that have been concatenated without a space, possibly due to a transcription error or a specific scribal practice.
Inflection: ἈΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΑΝ: Singular, Accusative, Feminine. ἈΝΕΛΩΝ: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Active, Participle.
G1223
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: dee-AH
Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.
G1062
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: GAH-mon
Translations: marriage, a marriage, wedding, a wedding, wedding feast, a wedding feast
Notes: This word refers to a marriage, a wedding ceremony, or a wedding feast. It is the accusative singular form of the noun 'γάμος' (gamos). It is used to describe the institution of marriage or the celebratory event of a wedding.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΝΥΜΦΩΝ, ΓΑΜΟΙ
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: kee-day-moh-nee-koh-TEH-ross
Translations: more caring, more protective, more solicitous, more watchful
Notes: This word is a comparative adjective, meaning 'more caring' or 'more protective'. It describes someone who exhibits a greater degree of care, guardianship, or solicitude than another. It is used to compare the level of protectiveness or concern between two entities.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine, Comparative Degree
Synonyms: ΦΙΛΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΤΕΡΟΣ, ΕΥΝΟΥΣΤΕΡΟΣ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: ow-TOS
Translations: he, she, it, they, him, her, it, them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, same, very
Notes: ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is a versatile word in Koine Greek. As a third-person pronoun, it translates to 'he, she, it' or 'they' in the nominative case, and 'him, her, it' or 'them' in other cases. When used intensively, often in the nominative or immediately following the noun, it means 'himself, herself, itself, themselves' or 'even, very'. When used as an adjective with the definite article (e.g., 'ὁ αὐτὸς'), it means 'the same'. Its meaning depends on its grammatical function and position in the sentence.
Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΣ, ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a pronominal stem *au- or *aw-.
G1510, G4314
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Part of Speech: Verb, Preposition
Sounds like: EEN PROSS
Translations: was to, was toward, was with, was against
Notes: This word appears to be a compound or, more likely, a typographical error where two distinct Koine Greek words, ἨΝ (ēn) and ΠΡΟΣ (pros), have been concatenated without a space. ἨΝ is the imperfect active indicative third person singular of the verb ΕΙΜΙ (eimi), meaning 'to be' (so, 'he/she/it was'). ΠΡΟΣ is a common preposition meaning 'to, toward, with, against', depending on the case of the noun it governs. Therefore, the intended meaning is likely 'he/she/it was to/toward/with/against' something or someone.
Inflection: ἨΝ: Singular, Third Person, Imperfect, Active, Indicative. ΠΡΟΣ: Does not inflect (preposition).
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOOS
Translations: the, them, those
Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).
G0493
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: an-TEE-pa-tros
Translations: Antipas, Antipater
Notes: This is a masculine proper noun, referring to a personal name. It was a common name in the Hellenistic and Roman periods, borne by several historical figures, including a son of Herod the Great (Herod Antipas). It is used to identify a specific individual.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Etymology: The name is of Greek origin, meaning 'like the father' or 'instead of the father'. It is a compound word derived from 'ἀντί' (anti), meaning 'instead of' or 'like', and 'πατήρ' (patēr), meaning 'father'.
G5056
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: teh-LEF-teen
Translations: end, death, a death, outcome, result
Notes: This word refers to an end, completion, or conclusion of something. It can also specifically mean death, as the end of life. It is commonly used to describe the final outcome or result of an event or process. In a sentence, it would function as a direct object or the object of a preposition, indicating the termination of an action or state.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΤΕΛΟΣ, ΕΞΟΔΟΣ, ΠΕΡΑΣ
G3327
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: meh-ta-BAS
Translations: having gone over, having passed over, having changed place, going over, passing over
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'μεταβαίνω' (metabainō), meaning 'to go over,' 'to pass over,' or 'to change place.' As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is occurring in relation to the main verb of the sentence. It often conveys the sense of movement from one place or state to another.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Active, Participle
Synonyms: ΔΙΑΒΑΣ, ΠΑΡΕΛΘΩΝ
Etymology: The word 'μεταβαίνω' is a compound word formed from 'μετά' (meta), meaning 'with, after, among, or denoting change,' and 'βαίνω' (bainō), meaning 'to go, walk, step.' Thus, it literally means 'to go with' or 'to go after,' evolving to mean 'to go over' or 'to change place.'
G2323
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-theh-RAP-eh-oo-en
Translations: he was healing, he was serving, he was caring for, he was worshipping
Notes: This word is a verb in the imperfect tense, indicating a continuous or repeated action in the past. It means 'to heal' in the sense of restoring health, 'to serve' or 'to attend to' someone, often in a respectful or devoted manner, or 'to worship' a deity. The specific meaning depends on the context.
Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΙΑΟΜΑΙ, ΛΑΤΡΕΥΩ, ΥΠΗΡΕΤΕΩ
G2541
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: KAI-sa-ra
Translations: Caesar
Notes: This word refers to Caesar, a title used for Roman emperors. It is a proper noun, specifically referring to the Roman ruler or emperor, often used in the context of political or governmental authority.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: The word "ΚΑΙΣΑΡ" (Kaisar) is a transliteration of the Latin cognomen "Caesar", which became a title for the Roman emperors after Julius Caesar. It was adopted into Greek to refer to the Roman emperor.
G2532, G1894
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: kah-peh-DEE
Translations: and since, and because, and when, since, because, when
Notes: This word is a compound of the conjunction 'καὶ' (kai, meaning 'and') and the conjunction 'ἐπειδή' (epeidē, meaning 'since' or 'because'). It functions as a conjunction, typically introducing a clause that provides a reason or a temporal relationship. It can mean 'and since', 'and because', or 'and when', depending on the context.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΠΕΙ, ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΟΤΕ
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: mith-ri-DAH-tays
Translations: Mithridates
Notes: Mithridates is a male proper name of Persian origin, meaning 'given by Mithra' or 'gift of Mithra'. Several historical figures bore this name, most notably Mithridates VI Eupator, the King of Pontus, who famously fought against the Roman Republic. It is used to refer to a specific individual.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Etymology: The name Mithridates is derived from the Old Persian name Mithradāta, meaning 'given by Mithra'. Mithra was an ancient Indo-Iranian deity associated with light, truth, and covenants.
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: per-ga-MAY-nos
Translations: Pergamene, a Pergamene, from Pergamum
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'Pergamene' or 'from Pergamum', referring to something or someone originating from the ancient city of Pergamum (also known as Pergamon). It can also function as a noun to refer to a person from Pergamum. It is used to describe the origin or nationality of a person or thing.
Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative
Etymology: The word 'ΠΕΡΓΑΜΗΝΟΣ' is derived from 'ΠΕΡΓΑΜΟΣ' (Pergamum), the name of an ancient Greek city in Mysia, Asia Minor. The suffix '-ηνός' is used to form adjectives indicating origin or nationality.
G3326
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: meth
Translations: with, after, among, by, in company with
Notes: This is an elided form of the preposition 'μετά' (meta), which means 'with' or 'after'. The final alpha (α) is dropped when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark (indicated by the 'θ' which is the first letter of the following word in the examples, 'θύμου'). It indicates association, accompaniment, or sequence in time or order. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'after' or 'behind'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition, but this is an elided form)
Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- (among, with, in the middle of).
G3588, G3739, G3778, G5101
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun
Sounds like: HAYS
Translations: (of) the, (of) who, (of) which, (of) this, (of) that, (of) what
Notes: The word "ΗΣ" is a versatile form in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as the genitive singular for masculine and feminine nouns. It can be the genitive singular of the definite article 'the', indicating possession or relationship. It can also be the genitive singular of the relative pronoun 'who/which', connecting clauses, or the demonstrative pronoun 'this/that', pointing to something specific. Additionally, it can be the genitive singular of the interrogative pronoun 'what/who', used in questions.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine
G0071
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EE-gen
Translations: he led, he brought, he drove, he carried
Notes: This is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'ἄγω' (agō). It describes an action of leading, bringing, driving, or carrying that occurred in the past. The specific nuance often depends on the context, but it generally refers to someone or something being moved or guided by another.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΦΕΡΩ, ΑΓΩΓΕΥΩ, ΟΔΗΓΕΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ- meaning 'to drive, draw, move'.
G125
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: AI-gyp-TON
Translations: Egypt
Notes: This is a proper noun referring to the country of Egypt. In the provided examples, it is used as the object of a verb or preposition, indicating a destination or location.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
G1411
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: doo-NAH-meh-ohs
Translations: of power, of strength, of ability, of might, of a miracle
Notes: This word refers to inherent power, strength, or ability. It can also denote miraculous power or a mighty work. As a genitive form, it typically indicates possession, origin, or a relationship 'of' something, such as 'of power' or 'of strength'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΟΣ, ΚΡΑΤΟΥΣ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑΣ
G1405
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: eer-GOH-meh-nos
Translations: being shut in, being confined, being restrained, being hindered, prevented
Notes: This word is a present passive participle, meaning 'being shut in' or 'being restrained'. It describes someone or something that is currently in the state of being confined, hindered, or prevented from doing something. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or adverbially, describing the circumstances of an action.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Present, Passive, Participle
Synonyms: ΚΩΛΥΟΜΕΝΟΣ, ἘΜΠΟΔΙΖΟΜΕΝΟΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G3978, G1716
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: pay-loo-SEE-on-em-BO-lon
Translations: Pelusian ram, Pelusian battering ram, of Pelusium, ram
Notes: This is a compound word formed from 'ΠΗΛΟΥΣΙΟΣ' (Pelusian, referring to the city of Pelusium in Egypt) and 'ἘΜΒΟΛΗ' (a ram, specifically a battering ram or the ram of a ship). The combined word refers to a battering ram or the ram of a ship that is from or associated with Pelusium. It describes a specific type of military or naval equipment by its origin.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter (for ἘΜΒΟΛΩΝ); Singular, Accusative, Neuter (for ΠΗΛΟΥΣΙΟΝ)
G0784
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: as-ka-LOH-nee
Translations: to Ashkelon, in Ashkelon
Notes: This word refers to Ashkelon, an ancient Philistine city located on the Mediterranean coast. In Koine Greek, the ending -ι indicates the dative case, meaning it is used to show location ('in Ashkelon') or direction ('to Ashkelon'). It is often mentioned in historical and biblical texts.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Etymology: The name 'Ashkelon' is of Semitic origin, likely derived from a root meaning 'to weigh' or 'to measure', possibly referring to its role as a trading center.
G2722
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kah-TEH-kheh-toh
Translations: was held, was possessed, was restrained, was occupied, was seized, was kept
Notes: This word describes an action that was ongoing in the past, indicating that something or someone was being held, possessed, restrained, or occupied by another. It implies a state of being under control or in the grip of something, or being kept in a particular place or condition. It is often used to describe a place being occupied or a person being seized or held captive.
Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΚΡΑΤΕΩ, ΕΧΩ, ΚΑΤΕΧΟΜΑΙ
G0688
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ah-RAH-bas
Translations: Arabs, Arabians
Notes: This word refers to the inhabitants of Arabia, a region to the east and south of ancient Israel. It is used to denote the people group known as Arabs or Arabians.
Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The word is of Hebrew origin, from the Hebrew word 'Arabi (עֲרָבִי), meaning 'Arabian' or 'desert dweller'.
G3581
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: XEH-nos
Translations: stranger, a stranger, foreigner, a foreigner, guest, a guest, host, a host, alien, an alien
Notes: This word refers to someone who is a stranger, a foreigner, or an alien. It can also mean a guest or a host, depending on the context. It is used to describe someone who is not from one's own family, city, or country. It can function as both an adjective (e.g., 'a foreign land') and a noun (e.g., 'the stranger').
Inflection: Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter; Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative; Singular or Plural
Synonyms: ΠΑΡΟΙΚΟΣ, ΕΠΙΔΗΜΟΣ
Etymology: The word 'ξένος' is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be an ancient word with connections to hospitality and the concept of 'otherness'. It has cognates in other Indo-European languages.
G5607
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Part of Speech: Participle, Verb
Sounds like: OHN
Translations: being, who is, which is, a being
Notes: This word is the masculine, singular, nominative form of the present participle of the verb 'to be'. It means 'being' or 'who/which is'. It is used to describe someone or something that exists or is in a particular state, often functioning like a relative pronoun and verb combined.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative, Present Participle
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΩΝ, ΓΙΝΟΜΕΝΟΣ
G3982, G1957
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-PEI-sen-eh-pee-koo-RAY-sai
Translations: he persuaded to help, he convinced to assist
Notes: This is a compound phrase formed by two verbs: ἘΠΕΙΣΕΝ (epeisen) and ἘΠΙΚΟΥΡΗΣΑΙ (epikourēsai). ἘΠΕΙΣΕΝ means 'he/she/it persuaded' or 'he/she/it convinced'. ἘΠΙΚΟΥΡΗΣΑΙ is an aorist infinitive meaning 'to help' or 'to assist'. Together, the phrase means 'he/she/it persuaded to help' or 'he/she/it convinced to assist'. It describes an action where someone successfully influenced another to provide aid.
Inflection: ἘΠΕΙΣΕΝ: Singular, 3rd Person, Aorist, Active, Indicative; ἘΠΙΚΟΥΡΗΣΑΙ: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
G2240
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EE-ken
Translations: he came, she came, it came, he has come, she has come, it has come, he arrived, she arrived, it arrived
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to come' or 'to arrive'. It describes an action of movement towards a speaker or a specified place. It is used to indicate that someone or something has reached a destination or has appeared.
Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist or Perfect Indicative Active
Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΑΡΑΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΦΘΑΝΩ
G0737
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-GOHN
Translations: contest, struggle, fight, race, a contest, a struggle, a fight, a race
Notes: This word refers to a gathering, especially for a contest or struggle. It can denote a physical struggle, a race, a battle, or a more general conflict or struggle in life. It is often used in the context of athletic games or a spiritual struggle.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΜΑΧΗ, ΠΑΛΗ, ΔΡΟΜΟΣ
Etymology: From the verb ἄγω (agō), meaning 'to lead, to bring, to drive'. The noun refers to a gathering or assembly, particularly for a competition or struggle.
G2453
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ee-oo-DAH-ee-ohn
Translations: of Jews, of the Jews
Notes: This word refers to people from Judea or those who are adherents of Judaism. It is a plural noun in the genitive case, indicating possession or origin, often translated as 'of Jews' or 'belonging to Jews'. It can be used to describe the people, their customs, or their land.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
G5150
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Part of Speech: Numeral, Adjective
Sounds like: trees-KHEE-lee-oos
Translations: three thousand
Notes: This word is a compound numeral adjective meaning 'three thousand'. It is used to quantify nouns, indicating a large number of items or people. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'three thousand men' or 'three thousand talents'.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: The word ΤΡΙΣΧΙΛΙΟΙ is a compound of τρίς (tris), meaning 'thrice' or 'three times', and χίλιοι (chilioi), meaning 'thousand'.
G3697
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: OP-lee-tas
Translations: hoplite, a hoplite, heavy-armed soldier, a heavy-armed soldier
Notes: An hoplite was a heavily armed foot soldier in ancient Greece. They were typically equipped with a large round shield (hoplon), a spear, and a sword. Hoplites fought in a phalanx formation, a tightly packed rectangular unit.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΣΤΡΑΤΙΩΤΗΣ, ΜΑΧΗΤΗΣ
Etymology: From the Greek word ὅπλον (hoplon), meaning 'weapon' or 'armor', referring to the shield carried by these soldiers.
G3948
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: par-OR-may-sen
Translations: incited, urged on, instigated, encouraged
Notes: This word describes the action of strongly urging, inciting, or encouraging someone to do something. It implies a forceful or persuasive push towards an action, often with the intent of stirring up activity or support. It is a compound word formed from the preposition παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and the verb ὁρμάω (hormaō), meaning 'to set in motion' or 'to urge'.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΤΡΕΠΩ, ΠΑΡΑΚΑΛΕΩ, ΕΓΚΕΛΕΥΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: The word παρορμάω (parhormaō) is derived from the prefix παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and the verb ὁρμάω (hormaō), which means 'to set in motion', 'to urge on', or 'to rush'. The combination suggests an action of urging someone forward or alongside oneself.
G4948
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: soo-REE-ah
Translations: Syria
Notes: This word refers to Syria, a geographical region and ancient country located in the Middle East, east of the Mediterranean Sea. It is used to denote the land or the people of Syria.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative
Etymology: The name 'Syria' is believed to be derived from the ancient Semitic name 'Sūri' or 'Sūriya', which was used to refer to the region. It is also thought to be related to 'Assyria', an ancient empire in Mesopotamia.
G1415
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: doo-na-TOOS
Translations: powerful, mighty, able, strong, capable, of the powerful, of the mighty, to the powerful, to the mighty
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning powerful, mighty, or able. It describes someone or something possessing great strength, authority, or capability. It can be used to describe individuals who are influential or have significant power, or things that are possible or achievable. In its plural form, it often refers to 'powerful ones' or 'mighty men' when used substantively.
Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Accusative or Genitive
Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΡΟΣ, ΚΡΑΤΑΙΟΣ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑΣΤΗΣ
G1909
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: eh-PEE
Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to
Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.
G0996
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: boh-AY-thee-ahn
Translations: help, aid, assistance, a help, an aid, an assistance
Notes: This word refers to the act of providing assistance or support to someone in need. It can be used in various contexts to describe the act of coming to someone's rescue or offering general aid.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΔΡΟΜΗ, ΕΠΙΚΟΥΡΙΑ, ΑΡΩΓΗ
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TON-teh
Translations: this, this one, that, that one
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective 'ὅδε' (hode), meaning 'this here' or 'this one'. It is used to point out something or someone nearby or immediately present, often with an emphatic sense. It functions similarly to 'this' or 'that' in English, but with a stronger sense of proximity or immediate reference. It can be used substantively (as a pronoun) or adjectivally (modifying a noun).
Inflection: Accusative, Masculine, Singular
Synonyms: ΟΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
G2034
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ep-OY-kon
Translations: colonist, an inhabitant, a settler, inhabitant, settler
Notes: This word refers to a colonist, an inhabitant, or a settler. It is used to describe someone who lives in a particular place, often having moved there from elsewhere to establish a new residence or community. It can be used in a sentence to refer to a person residing in a specific region.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΟΙΚΟΣ, ΟΙΚΗΤΩΡ
Etymology: The word ἘΠΟΙΚΟΣ (epoikos) is a compound word derived from the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'on', and the noun οἶκος (oikos), meaning 'house' or 'dwelling'. Thus, it literally means 'one who is upon a dwelling' or 'one who settles in a place'.
G3030
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: lee-ba-NOO
Translations: (of) Lebanon, (of) frankincense, (of) a frankincense
Notes: This word refers to either the geographical region of Lebanon or to frankincense, a fragrant resin used in ancient times. As a genitive form, it typically indicates possession or origin, meaning 'of Lebanon' or 'of frankincense'. For example, it might describe something belonging to or coming from Lebanon, or something made of or related to frankincense.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Etymology: The word is of Semitic origin, referring to the region of Lebanon, known for its cedar trees and aromatic resins. It is also the source of the word for frankincense, which was often traded from this region.
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ptoh-leh-MAI-on
Translations: Ptolemy
Notes: This is a proper noun referring to Ptolemy, a common name for several kings of Egypt during the Hellenistic period, as well as other historical figures. It is used to identify a specific individual.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
G2387
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ee-AM-blee-khon
Translations: Iamblichus
Notes: Iamblichus is a proper name, referring to a specific individual. It is used in sentences to identify a person, similar to how 'John' or 'Mary' would be used in English.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: The name Iamblichus is of Greek origin, derived from the Greek word 'ἴαμβος' (iambos), referring to a metrical foot in poetry, and possibly related to 'βλῆχος' (blechos), meaning 'bleating' or 'a cry'. It was a common name in the Hellenistic and Roman periods.
G3775
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: OOS
Translations: ear, an ear
Notes: This word refers to the anatomical organ of hearing, the ear. It is used in various contexts to denote the physical ear, but also metaphorically for the act of hearing or understanding, as in 'to lend an ear' or 'to have ears to hear'. It is a singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΩΤΙΟΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ows- (ear).
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: OW-tee
Translations: she, her, herself, this, this one, the same
Notes: This word is most likely a misspelling of 'ΑΥΤΗ' (autē), which is a common pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek. As a pronoun, it means 'she' or 'her' (feminine singular nominative or dative). As an adjective, it means 'this' or 'the same', agreeing in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies. It can be used to emphasize a noun or to refer back to a previously mentioned feminine singular subject.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Dative, Feminine
G4172
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PO-leess
Translations: cities, a city
Notes: This word refers to a city or a town. It is used to describe a populated area with buildings and infrastructure, often with a distinct political or administrative structure. In the provided context, it refers to multiple cities, specifically 'fortified cities'.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΣΤΥ, ΚΩΜΗ
G2092
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: eh-TOY-mohs
Translations: readily, promptly, quickly, at hand, in readiness, prepared
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'readily' or 'promptly'. It describes an action that is done with ease, speed, or a state of preparedness. It can indicate that something is available or at hand, or that an action is performed without hesitation. For example, one might 'readily' obey a command or be 'prepared' for an event.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΤΑΧΕΩΣ, ΕΥΘΕΩΣ, ΠΑΡΑΧΡΗΜΑ
Etymology: The word ΕΤΟΙΜΩΣ is derived from the adjective ΕΤΟΙΜΟΣ (hetoimos), meaning 'ready' or 'prepared'. Its origin is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the concept of being 'at hand' or 'in order'.
G4886
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: soon-ef-AP-san-toh
Translations: they joined together, they fastened together, they united, they connected, they attached themselves
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition σύν (syn, 'with, together') and the verb ἅπτω (hapto, 'to fasten, join'). It means to join or fasten things together, or to unite. In the middle voice, as it is here, it can mean to join oneself to something or someone, or to attach oneself.
Inflection: 3rd Person, Plural, Aorist, Middle, Indicative
Synonyms: ΕΝΟΩ, ΚΟΛΛΑΩ, ΣΥΝΔΕΩ
G4171
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: po-LEH-moo
Translations: (of) war, (of) battle, (of) conflict
Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the noun 'polemos', meaning 'war' or 'battle'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or separation, often translated with 'of' in English, such as 'of war' or 'from war'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΜΑΧΗ, ΕΡΙΣ
G2292
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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)
Sounds like: thar-RONE
Translations: being confident, having courage, being bold, daring, being of good courage
Notes: ΘΑΡΡΩΝ is the present active participle of the verb ΘΑΡΡΕΩ, meaning 'to be confident' or 'to have courage'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing the subject's state or action while performing another verb. It indicates that the subject is acting with confidence or boldness.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine or Neuter, Nominative Singular
Synonyms: ΘΑΡΣΕΩ, ΤΟΛΜΑΩ
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: hee-dee-mi-THRI-da-tays
Translations: Mithridates
Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to the personal name Mithridates. It is used to identify a specific individual.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Etymology: The name Mithridates is of Persian origin, meaning 'given by Mithra' or 'gift of Mithra'. Mithra was an ancient Indo-Iranian deity.
G4330
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: pros-geh-NO-meh-nee
Translations: having come to, having been added, having happened, having occurred, having joined, having arrived
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'προσγίνομαι' (prosginomai), meaning 'to come to', 'to be added', 'to happen', or 'to join'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred and functions adjectivally, modifying a noun or pronoun. It indicates something that has come into being or has been added in relation to something else, often implying an increase or an event that has transpired.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Feminine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΣΥΜΒΑΙΝΩ, ΠΑΡΑΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: The word 'προσγίνομαι' is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'πρός' (pros), meaning 'to, toward, in addition to', and the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to come into being, to become, to happen'. Its etymology reflects the idea of something coming into existence or occurring in relation to something else.
G0494
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: an-TEE-pa-tron
Translations: Antipater
Notes: Antipater is a Greek proper name, meaning 'instead of the father' or 'like the father'. It refers to several historical figures, most notably Antipater the Idumaean, father of Herod the Great, and Antipater of Thessalonica, a Greek poet. In the provided context, it refers to a specific individual named Antipater.
Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The name Antipater is derived from the Greek words 'ἀντί' (anti), meaning 'instead of' or 'like', and 'πατήρ' (patēr), meaning 'father'.
G2479
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: is-KHOO-ee
Translations: to strength, to power, to might, to ability, by strength, by power, by might, by ability
Notes: This word refers to strength, power, or might. It can denote physical strength, moral power, or inherent ability. It is often used to describe the capacity to do something or to overcome obstacles. In the dative case, as seen here, it indicates the means by which something is done, or the recipient of an action related to strength.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΜΙΣ, ΚΡΑΤΟΣ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑ
G3978
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Proper Noun
Sounds like: pay-loo-SEE-on
Translations: Pelusian, of Pelusium, Pelusium
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'Pelusian' or 'of Pelusium'. It is often used substantively to refer to the ancient city of Pelusium, located in the northeastern Nile Delta in Egypt. In the provided context, 'το Πηλουσιον' refers to the city itself, indicating a destination or a place of action.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
G1856
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eks-eh-LAU-nei
Translations: drive out, march out, set out, expel, advance
Notes: This verb means to drive out, expel, or to march or set out, often with an implication of driving forward. It can describe a person or an army moving forward or being driven from a place. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of', and the verb ἐλαύνω (elaunō), meaning 'to drive'.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΕΚΒΑΛΛΩ, ΑΠΕΛΑΥΝΩ, ΠΡΟΧΩΡΕΩ
G2967
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: koh-LOO-oh-me-nos
Translations: being hindered, being prevented, being forbidden, being restrained, being kept back
Notes: This word is a present passive participle derived from the verb 'κωλύω' (kōlyō), meaning 'to hinder' or 'to prevent'. As a participle, it describes someone or something that is in the process of being hindered, prevented, or forbidden. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or substantively, acting as a noun itself (e.g., 'the one being hindered').
Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular
Synonyms: ΕΜΠΟΔΙΖΟΜΕΝΟΣ, ΚΑΤΕΧΟΜΕΝΟΣ
G1330
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: dee-el-THAYN
Translations: to go through, to pass through, to travel through, to cross, to traverse, to go about, to spread
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'across', and the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. It signifies movement from one point to another, often implying a journey or passage through a space, region, or crowd. It can also refer to the spreading of something, like a report or a message, throughout an area.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΔΙΑΒΑΙΝΩ, ΔΙΑΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ, ΔΙΑΤΡΕΧΩ
Etymology: The word ΔΙΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ is a compound of the preposition ΔΙΑ (DIA), meaning 'through' or 'across', and the verb ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ (ERCHOMAI), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'.
G4137
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-po-lee-OR-kee
Translations: he was besieging, he besieged, he was blockading, he blockaded
Notes: This word describes the action of besieging or blockading a city or place. It is used to indicate that someone was actively engaged in a siege, often with the intent to capture or conquer. It implies a sustained military action.
Inflection: Third Person Singular, Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice
Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΕΧΩ, ΚΥΚΛΟΩ
G4172
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: POH-lin
Translations: city, a city
Notes: The word 'πόλιν' is the accusative singular form of the noun 'πόλις', meaning 'city'. It refers to a populated place, typically larger than a village, with a defined administrative structure. As an accusative case, it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions, indicating the destination or the object being acted upon. For example, one might 'go into the city' or 'see the city'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The word 'πόλις' comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to a fortified place or citadel. It developed to mean a city-state in ancient Greece, encompassing both the physical settlement and its citizens.
G1096
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: GHI-neh-tai
Translations: becomes, happens, is, is born, comes into being, takes place, arises
Notes: This verb is very common and versatile, meaning 'to become,' 'to happen,' 'to be born,' or 'to come into being.' It describes a state of transition or occurrence, indicating that something is coming into existence or changing its state. It can be used in various contexts to describe events, transformations, or the origin of something.
Inflection: 3rd Person Singular, Present Tense, Indicative Mood, Middle or Passive Voice
Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΤΙΚΤΩ
G2532, G0302
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle
Sounds like: KAN
Translations: even if, although, and if, even though, if, though
Notes: ΚἈΝ is a compound word, formed by the contraction of the conjunction ΚΑΙ (and, also, even) and the particle ἈΝ (a conditional or potential particle). It is used to introduce a conditional clause, often with a concessive sense, meaning 'even if' or 'although'. It can also simply mean 'and if' or 'if' in certain contexts, indicating a hypothetical situation.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕἸ ΚΑΙ, ΚΑΙΠΕΡ
G4334
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pros-bo-LEE
Translations: attack, assault, onset, a charge, an encounter
Notes: This word refers to an act of attacking or assaulting, an onset, or a charge. It describes the action of coming against something or someone, often with force or hostility. It can also refer to an encounter or a collision.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΘΕΣΙΣ, ΕΦΟΔΟΣ, ΚΡΟΥΣΙΣ
Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΣΒΟΛΗ (prosbolē) is derived from the verb προσβάλλω (prosballō), meaning 'to throw at, to attack, to assault.' It is a compound word formed from the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to, toward, against,' and βάλλω (ballō), meaning 'to throw, to cast.'
G1266
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: dee-ah-see-MOH-tah-tos
Translations: most notable, most famous, most distinguished, very notable, very famous, very distinguished
Notes: This word is the superlative form of the adjective 'διάσημος' (diasēmos), meaning 'notable' or 'famous'. As a superlative, it indicates the highest degree of the quality, thus meaning 'most notable' or 'most famous'. It is used to describe someone or something that stands out significantly or is widely recognized.
Inflection: Superlative, Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΣΗΜΟΤΑΤΟΣ, ΕΝΔΟΞΟΤΑΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word διάσημος (diasēmos) is a compound word derived from διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and σῆμα (sēma), meaning 'sign' or 'mark'. Thus, it literally means 'marked out' or 'distinguished', leading to the sense of 'notable' or 'famous'.
G2596
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Part of Speech: Prefix, Preposition
Sounds like: KAT
Translations: down, against, according to, throughout, during
Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down', 'against', 'according to', 'throughout', or 'during'. It is frequently used as a prefix in compound verbs and nouns, indicating a downward motion, completion, intensity, or opposition. For example, in 'κατέβη' (katebē), it means 'went down', and in 'καταπιεῖν' (katapiein), it means 'to swallow down'. The final alpha (α) is often dropped when the next word or part of the compound begins with a vowel, or when it's followed by certain consonants.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix); functions as a preposition that takes the genitive or accusative case.
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmt- 'down, with, against'. It is a common Greek preposition that has been used since ancient times.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: him, it, himself, itself
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun, typically meaning 'him' or 'it' when used as a personal pronoun. It can also be used intensively to mean 'himself' or 'itself', emphasizing the subject or object. It refers to a previously mentioned male person or a neuter object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter
G3313
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: MEH-ross
Translations: part, a part, share, a share, portion, a portion, region, a region, side, a side
Notes: This word refers to a part, share, or portion of something. It can also denote a region or a side. It is commonly used to indicate a division or segment of a whole, or a specific area or direction.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΜΟΙΡΑ, ΚΛΗΡΟΣ, ΤΜΗΜΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *smer- 'to allot, assign'. It is related to the verb μείρομαι (meiromai), meaning 'to receive one's share'.
G5038
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: TEI-khoos
Translations: of a wall, of a city wall, of a fortification
Notes: This word refers to a wall, typically a defensive structure like a city wall or a fortification. It is used to indicate possession or origin related to a wall, such as 'the strength of a wall' or 'the top of a wall'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΤΕΙΧΙΟΝ, ΤΕΙΧΙΣΜΑ
G1284
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: dee-ar-REK-sas
Translations: having torn, having ripped, having burst, having broken through
Notes: This word describes the action of tearing, ripping, or bursting something apart. It is often used to convey a forceful or violent separation. For example, it can describe tearing clothes in an act of grief or indignation, or breaking through a barrier.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular
Synonyms: ΡΗΓΝΥΜΙ, ΣΧΙΖΩ, ΛΥΩ
G4413
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: PRO-tos
Translations: first, a first, chief, principal, foremost, the first
Notes: This word means 'first' in terms of order, rank, or importance. It can be used as an adjective to describe a noun, or it can be used substantively (as a noun) to refer to 'the first one' or 'the chief person/thing'. It indicates precedence or priority.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΡΧΗ, ΠΡΩΤΙΣΤΟΣ
Etymology: From a superlative form of the Proto-Indo-European root *pro- (forward, before). It is related to the English word 'prior'.
G1530
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ice-eh-PEE-day-sen
Translations: leaped into, sprang into, rushed into
Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning 'to leap into' or 'to spring into'. It describes a sudden, forceful, or eager movement into a place or situation. It combines the preposition εἰς (eis), meaning 'into', with the verb πηδάω (pēdaō), meaning 'to leap' or 'to spring'. It is often used to describe someone rushing into a building or a crowd.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΕΙΣΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΕΙΣΠΙΠΤΩ
Etymology: The word εἰσπηδάω (eispēdaō) is a compound of the preposition εἰς (eis), meaning 'into' or 'to', and the verb πηδάω (pēdaō), meaning 'to leap' or 'to spring'. The verb πηδάω is derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ped-, meaning 'foot'.
G3588, G4172
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Noun
Sounds like: TANE-PO-lin
Translations: the city, a city
Notes: This is a compound word formed by the definite article 'ΤΗΝ' (the) and the noun 'ΠΟΛΙΝ' (city). It means 'the city' and is in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. It refers to a specific city.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
G4862
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix
Sounds like: soon
Translations: with, together with, along with
Notes: ΣΥΝ is a preposition that typically takes the dative case, meaning 'with' or 'together with', indicating association, accompaniment, or union. It is also very commonly used as a prefix in compound words, where it conveys the idea of 'togetherness', 'union', 'completion', or 'joint action'. For example, 'συντρίβω' (syntribo) means 'to break together' or 'to crush', and 'συνκαίω' (synkaio) means 'to burn together'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.
Synonyms: ΜΕΤΑ, ΟΜΟΥ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kom, meaning 'with' or 'beside'. It is cognate with Latin 'cum' and English 'co-' or 'con-'.
G0251
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-AH-loh
Translations: to be caught, to be taken, to be captured, to be conquered
Notes: This word is an aorist passive form of the verb 'haliskomai', meaning 'to be caught' or 'to be taken'. It describes an action that happened in the past and was completed, where the subject was the recipient of the action of being caught or captured. It can be used to describe a city being captured, a person being caught in a trap, or being overcome by something.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Passive
Etymology: The word ἁλίσκομαι (haliskomai) is derived from an older root related to 'taking' or 'capturing'. It is an inchoative verb, indicating the beginning or process of an action.
G4383
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PRO-soh
Translations: (of) face, (of) presence, (of) countenance, (to) face, (to) presence, (to) countenance
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the noun 'ΠΡΟΣΩΠΟΝ' (prosōpon), meaning 'face', 'countenance', or 'presence'. It is used here in the genitive or dative singular case. In the genitive, it often indicates origin or separation, such as 'from the face of' or 'from the presence of'. In the dative, it indicates direction or relation, such as 'to the face' or 'in the presence of'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive or Dative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΨΙΣ, ΕΙΔΟΣ, ΟΨ
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ee-ON-tah
Translations: being, going, coming
Notes: This word is an inflection of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί), but in this specific form, it is the present active participle, neuter plural, or masculine/feminine accusative plural. It describes something 'being' or 'going/coming'. In context, it often refers to things that are 'going' or 'coming' into existence or a state.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Neuter Plural (Nominative/Accusative) or Masculine/Feminine Accusative Plural
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΟΝΤΑ, ΓΙΝΟΜΕΝΑ
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Part of Speech: Unknown
Sounds like: Unknown
Translations: unknown
Notes: It's not clear what this word means. It appears to be a garbled or badly misspelled word, or possibly a very rare or unique compound. It is not a recognized Koine Greek word. It might be a compound of ἜΡΓΟΝ (ergon, meaning 'work' or 'deed') and another element, but the second part 'ΝΑΥ̓ΘΙΣ' is not a standard Greek suffix or word part. It is possible it's a misspelling of something related to 'Argonauts' (Ἀργοναῦται) or a similar nautical term combined with 'work'.
Inflection: Unknown
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection
Sounds like: OY
Translations: the, who, they, oh
Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.
Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.
G3687
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: oh-NEE-oo
Translations: of Onias
Notes: This is the genitive form of the proper noun 'Onias'. Onias was the name of several Jewish high priests during the Second Temple period. In the provided context, it is used to indicate parentage, as in 'Simon, son of Onias'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Etymology: The name Onias is of Hebrew origin, derived from the name 'Yochanan' (John), meaning 'Yahweh has been gracious'.
G4377
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: pros-ah-go-REH-oo-men-ayn
Translations: called, named, addressed as, a called, a named, an addressed as
Notes: This word is a present passive participle, meaning 'being called' or 'being named'. It describes something or someone that is referred to by a particular name or title. It functions adjectivally, modifying a noun, indicating that the noun is the one being called or named. For example, 'the city called Jerusalem' or 'the man named John'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine, Present, Passive
Synonyms: ΚΑΛΟΥΜΕΝΗΝ, ΟΝΟΜΑΖΟΜΕΝΗΝ
Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΣΑΓΟΡΕΥΩ (prosagoreuō) is a compound word formed from the preposition ΠΡΟΣ (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and the verb ΑΓΟΡΕΥΩ (agoreuō), meaning 'to speak' or 'to proclaim'. Thus, it literally means 'to speak to' or 'to address', which evolved to mean 'to name' or 'to call by name'.
G5561
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHO-ran
Translations: country, a country, land, a land, region, a region, field, a field
Notes: This word refers to a country, land, region, or territory. It can also denote a specific field or piece of ground. It is used to describe a geographical area or a specific plot of land.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΓΗ, ΤΟΠΟΣ, ΑΓΡΟΣ
G2722
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: kah-TEH-khon-tes
Translations: holding, possessing, restraining, occupying, those who hold, those who possess, those who restrain, those who occupy
Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, meaning 'to hold down, possess, restrain, or occupy'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action performed by the subject. It can be translated as 'holding', 'possessing', or 'those who hold/possess', depending on the context. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (down, against) and the verb ΕΧΩ (to have, hold).
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Plural
Synonyms: ΕΧΟΝΤΕΣ, ΚΡΑΤΟΥΝΤΕΣ, ΚΑΤΕΧΟΜΕΝΟΙ
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: AY-sahn
Translations: they were, were
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'to be'. It indicates an action or state that was ongoing or habitual in the past, referring to a plural subject. It functions similarly to 'were' in English, describing the state or existence of multiple entities in a past context.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Indicative, Active
G2453
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ee-oo-DAH-yoy
Translations: Jews, Judeans
Notes: This word is the plural form of 'ΙΟΥΔΑΙΟΣ' (Ioudaios), meaning 'Jew' or 'Judean'. The initial 'ΔΕἸ' appears to be a scribal error or misspelling of the word 'ΙΟΥΔΑΙΟΙ' (Ioudaioi), which refers to the inhabitants of Judea or those of Jewish ethnicity. It is typically used to refer to the Jewish people collectively.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΒΡΑΙΟΙ, ΙΣΡΑΗΛΙΤΑΙ
G0007
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun, Adjective
Sounds like: ay-GYP-tee-oy
Translations: Egyptians, an Egyptian
Notes: This word refers to the people of Egypt, or something pertaining to Egypt. It is used to describe individuals or groups originating from or associated with the land of Egypt.
Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Nominative or Vocative
Etymology: From ΑἼΓΥΠΤΟΣ (Aígyptos, "Egypt").
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOO-toos
Translations: these, those
Notes: This word is the accusative plural masculine form of the demonstrative pronoun 'οὗτος' (houtos). It is used to point out or refer to specific people or things that are near in proximity or time, or that have just been mentioned. It functions like 'these' or 'those' in English, often referring to a group of males or a group of mixed gender.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΙΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΥΣ
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OO
Translations: not, no
Notes: ΟΥ̓ is a negative particle used to express a factual negation. It typically negates verbs in the indicative mood, stating that something is not true or does not happen. It can also negate other parts of speech. When combined with ΜΉ (ou mē), it forms a very strong negation, meaning "by no means" or "never."
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ, ΟΥ̓Κ, ΟΥ̓ΧΊ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a fundamental negative particle in Greek.
G3440
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective
Sounds like: MO-non
Translations: only, alone, merely, a single, a solitary
Notes: This word can function as an adverb meaning 'only' or 'merely', indicating exclusivity or limitation. It can also be the neuter singular form of the adjective 'ΜΟΝΟΣ', meaning 'alone' or 'solitary', describing something as being by itself or unique. In its adverbial use, it often modifies verbs or clauses to emphasize that something is done exclusively or that a condition applies solely to one thing.
Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (as adjective); Does not inflect (as adverb)
Synonyms: ΜΟΝΩΣ, ΜΟΝΟΓΕΝΗΣ
G3361
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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb
Sounds like: MAY
Translations: not, lest, no, do not
Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.
G2967, G3982
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: koh-LY-ayn-EP-ay-sen
Translations: to hinder, to prevent, to forbid, he persuaded, she persuaded, it persuaded, he convinced, she convinced, it convinced
Notes: This appears to be a compound of two distinct Koine Greek words, 'κωλύειν' (kōlyein) and 'ἔπεισεν' (epeisen), which have been written together without a space. 'Κωλύειν' is the present active infinitive of the verb 'κωλύω', meaning 'to hinder' or 'to prevent'. 'Ἔπεισεν' is the aorist active indicative, third person singular, of the verb 'πείθω', meaning 'he/she/it persuaded' or 'he/she/it convinced'. The combination suggests a meaning related to hindering or preventing someone from being persuaded or convincing someone to hinder something.
Inflection: ΚΩΛΥΕΙΝ: Present, Active, Infinitive; ἘΠΕΙΣΕΝ: Aorist, Active, Indicative, Third Person Singular
G0235
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: AL-lah
Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed
Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.
G2039
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: eh-pee-TEE-day-ah
Translations: suitable, fit, proper, convenient, necessary, useful, provisions, necessities, supplies, a provision, a necessity, a supply
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning suitable, fit, or proper. In its neuter plural form, as seen here, it often functions as a noun meaning 'provisions,' 'necessities,' or 'supplies' – things that are suitable or necessary for a particular purpose, such as food, equipment, or resources. It describes something that is appropriate or useful for a given situation or need.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ἈΝΑΓΚΑΙΟΣ, ΧΡΗΣΙΜΟΣ, ΕΥ̓ΘΕΤΟΣ
G1411
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: DY-na-me
Translations: (by) power, (by) strength, (by) ability, (by) might, (by) force, (by) miracle
Notes: This word refers to inherent power, strength, or ability. It can also denote miraculous power or a specific miracle. In this form, it is typically used to indicate the means or instrument by which something is done, often translated with 'by' or 'in'. It is a compound word, but its root is a single word.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΙ, ΚΡΑΤΕΙ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑΙ
G3930
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: par-as-KHEIN
Translations: to provide, to grant, to give, to supply, to afford, to present
Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb παρέχω (parechō), meaning 'to provide' or 'to grant'. It is used to express the action of giving or supplying something, often in a context where a benefit or resource is being made available. It can be used with a dative object indicating to whom something is provided, and an accusative object indicating what is provided.
Inflection: Infinitive, Aorist, Active
Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΠΑΡΕΧΩ, ΧΟΡΗΓΕΩ
Etymology: The word παρέχω (parechō) is a compound word formed from the preposition παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'from', and the verb ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. Thus, its original sense is 'to hold out' or 'to offer'.
G3606
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: O-THEN
Translations: from where, whence, wherefore, therefore, for which reason
Notes: This word is an adverb that can indicate either origin or consequence. It is used to ask or state 'from where' something comes or originates. It can also be used to mean 'therefore' or 'for which reason', indicating a logical conclusion or cause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟ, ΔΙΑ ΤΟΥΤΟ, ΟΠΟΥ
Etymology: From the demonstrative stem *ho- (meaning 'this' or 'that') combined with the suffix -θεν, which indicates origin or source. It is related to other adverbs of place and origin in Greek.
G3588, G2596
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Part of Speech: Article, Preposition
Sounds like: oy KAH-tah
Translations: the, according to, down, against, by, throughout
Notes: This word appears to be a compound or a concatenation of the definite article 'ΟΙ' (the, masculine plural nominative) and the preposition 'ΚΑΤΑ' (down, according to, against, by, throughout). In Koine Greek, words were often written without spaces, leading to such concatenations. The meaning would depend on the context of the two words used together. For example, 'οἱ κατὰ' (hoi kata) would mean 'those who are according to/down/against' something.
Inflection: ΟΙ: Masculine, Plural, Nominative; ΚΑΤΑ: Does not inflect (preposition)
G3135
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: MEM-fin
Translations: Memphis
Notes: Memphis was an ancient city in Egypt, located on the Nile River. It served as the capital of ancient Egypt for much of its history and was a significant religious and administrative center. In Koine Greek texts, it refers to this historical city.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The name 'Memphis' is derived from the Greek form of the Egyptian name 'Men-nefer', which means 'enduring and beautiful'.
G2089
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: eh-TEE
Translations: still, yet, further, more
Notes: This word is an adverb indicating continuation in time or degree. It can mean 'still' or 'yet' when referring to something that is ongoing or has not happened yet. It can also mean 'further' or 'more' when adding to something or indicating an additional quantity or action.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΕΤΙ, ἘΤΙΔΕ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *eti 'beyond, further'. It is related to Latin et 'and, also'.
G5495
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHEI-ras
Translations: hands
Notes: This word refers to hands, the physical appendages at the end of the arm. It is used in various contexts, often literally for actions involving the hands, but also metaphorically to signify power, control, or agency. For example, something might be 'in the hands of' someone, meaning under their control.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine
G2064
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EEL-thon
Translations: they came, I came, he came, she came, it came
Notes: This word is an aorist active indicative form of the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. It describes an action that happened in the past, without specifying its duration or completion. It can be used for the 1st person singular ('I came') or the 3rd person plural ('they came'), and sometimes 3rd person singular ('he/she/it came') depending on context and subject agreement.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 1st Person Singular or 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΒΑΙΝΩ, ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ
G1635
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: eh-koo-SEE-oy
Translations: voluntary, willing, of one's own accord
Notes: This word describes something done willingly or voluntarily, without compulsion. It emphasizes the free choice and intention behind an action. It can be used to describe a person who is willing, or an act that is done by choice.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΠΡΟΑΙΡΕΤΟΣ, ΕΘΕΛΟΝΤΗΣ
G4369
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pros-ETH-en-toh
Translations: they added, they put to, they continued, they did again
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to add to,' 'to put to,' or 'to continue.' It can also imply doing something again or further. It is often used to describe an action that is repeated or an increase in quantity or intensity. For example, it might be used to say 'they added more people' or 'they continued to sin.'
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΤΙΘΕΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΣΤΙΘΕΝΤΕΣ, ΠΡΟΣΤΙΘΕΝΤΑ
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: mith-ri-DAH-tay
Translations: Mithridates, (to) Mithridates
Notes: Mithridates is a male proper name of Persian origin, meaning 'given by Mithra' or 'gift of Mithra'. It was the name of several historical figures, most notably Mithridates VI Eupator, King of Pontus, who famously fought against the Roman Republic. In Koine Greek, it is used to refer to these individuals.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine
Etymology: The name Mithridates is derived from Old Persian *Miθradāta-, meaning 'given by Mithra'. Mithra was an important deity in ancient Persian and Zoroastrian religion, associated with light, truth, and contracts.
G2235
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: AY-day
Translations: already, now, by this time, forthwith, even now
Notes: This word is an adverb used to indicate that something has happened or is happening at the present moment, or has happened prior to the present moment. It can convey a sense of immediacy or completion. For example, it can mean 'already' when referring to something that has taken place, or 'now' when emphasizing the current time.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΝΥΝ, ΑΥΤΙΚΑ, ΕΥΘΕΩΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁eh₂dʰ- (to be present, to be here). It is related to the demonstrative pronoun 'ho' (this) and the particle 'de' (now, indeed).
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: DEL-tah
Translations: delta, a delta
Notes: This word refers to the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet, which has a triangular shape. It is also used to describe a triangular piece of land, especially one formed at the mouth of a river where it branches out into several distributaries before flowing into a larger body of water, resembling the shape of the Greek letter delta.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Etymology: The word "delta" comes directly from the Phoenician letter 'dalet', which also had a triangular shape and was the fourth letter of their alphabet. The Greeks adopted this letter and its name.
G4022
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: peh-ree-el-THOHN
Translations: having gone around, having traveled around, having wandered about, having encompassed
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle of the verb 'περιέρχομαι' (perierchomai), meaning 'to go around' or 'to wander about'. It describes an action completed in the past, indicating that someone has moved around a place or area. It can be used to describe someone who has traveled extensively or circled something.
Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Masculine, Nominative Singular
Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΠΑΤΕΩ, ΠΕΡΙΒΑΙΝΩ
G4820
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: soon-EB-al-len
Translations: he was meeting, he was encountering, he was contributing, he was joining battle, he was conferring, he was helping, he was comparing
Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative, third person singular form of the verb ΣΥΜΒΑΛΛΩ (symballō). It is a compound verb formed from ΣΥΝ (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together,' and ΒΑΛΛΩ (ballō), meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast.' Depending on the context, it can mean to meet with someone, to encounter, to contribute, to join in battle, to confer, or to compare. The imperfect tense indicates an ongoing or repeated action in the past.
Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΣΥΝΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΣΥΝΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ
G3062, G125
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: loy-POIS-ahee-GYP-tee-oys
Translations: the remaining Egyptians, the other Egyptians
Notes: This is a compound word formed by joining two words: 'ΛΟΙΠΟΙΣ' (loipois) and 'ΑἸΓΥΠΤΙΟΙΣ' (Aigyptiois). 'ΛΟΙΠΟΙΣ' means 'remaining' or 'other', and 'ΑἸΓΥΠΤΙΟΙΣ' means 'Egyptians'. Together, the word refers to the Egyptians who are left or the rest of the Egyptians. It is used to describe a group of people who are distinct from a previously mentioned group.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΙΣ, ΑΛΛΟΙΣ
G3163
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: MA-khen
Translations: battle, fight, combat, a battle, a fight, a combat
Notes: This word refers to a battle, fight, or combat. It is typically used to describe a physical conflict or struggle between individuals or groups. It can be used in contexts ranging from a small skirmish to a large-scale war.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΟΛΕΜΟΣ, ΕΡΙΣ, ΑΓΩΝ
G5561
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHO-ron
Translations: place, a place, region, country, field, land, space
Notes: This word refers to a specific location, area, or region. It can denote a physical space, a country, or even a field. In the provided examples, it is used to describe a broad area or a specific 'place of fathers'. It is a masculine noun.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΤΟΠΟΣ, ΓΗ, ΑΓΡΟΣ
G4754
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: strah-TOH-peh-don
Translations: camp, an army, an encampment
Notes: This word is a compound noun, formed from 'στρατός' (army) and 'πέδον' (ground or plain). It refers to a military camp or an army itself, especially when arrayed for battle or encamped. It is used to describe the physical location where soldiers reside or the collective body of soldiers.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΣΤΡΑΤΕΥΜΑ, ΠΑΡΕΜΒΟΛΗ
Etymology: The word is a compound of 'στρατός' (stratos), meaning 'army' or 'encamped army', and 'πέδον' (pedon), meaning 'ground' or 'plain'. It literally means 'army ground' or 'army plain'.
G2564
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kah-LEE-tai
Translations: is called, is named, is invited
Notes: This word is the third person singular, present, passive indicative form of the verb 'to call' or 'to name'. It is used to indicate that someone or something is referred to by a particular name or title, or that they are summoned or invited. For example, 'He is called John' or 'It is named Jerusalem'.
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΟΝΟΜΑΖΩ, ΠΡΟΣΑΓΟΡΕΥΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to shout, to call'. It is related to Latin 'calare' (to call out) and English 'hail'.
G2793
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: kin-dy-NEV-on-tah
Translations: endangering, risking, being in danger, those in danger, those risking, a person in danger, a person risking
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'endangering' or 'risking'. It can also be used substantively to refer to 'those who are in danger' or 'those who are risking something'. It describes an ongoing state of being in peril or undertaking a risk.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΙΝΔΥΝΕΥΣΑΝΤΑΣ, ΚΙΝΔΥΝΕΥΟΝΤΕΣ, ΚΙΝΔΥΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΚΙΝΔΥΝΕΥΩ (kindyneuō) comes from the noun κίνδυνος (kindynos), meaning 'danger' or 'risk'.
G3909
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pa-ra-TAHK-seh-ee
Translations: (to) battle array, (to) battle line, (to) order of battle, (to) arrangement, a battle array, an order of battle
Notes: This word refers to the arrangement of troops for battle, a battle line, or the battle itself. It can also refer more generally to an arrangement or order. It is a compound word formed from 'παρά' (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and 'τάξις' (taxis), meaning 'arrangement' or 'order'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΤΑΞΙΣ, ΣΥΝΤΑΞΙΣ, ΜΑΧΗ
Etymology: The word ΠΑΡΑΤΑΞΙΣ is derived from the preposition παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and the noun τάξις (taxis), meaning 'arrangement' or 'order'. It describes something placed in order alongside another.
G0622
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: oh-LOH
Translations: I will destroy, I will perish
Notes: This is an inflected form of the verb 'ἀπόλλυμι' (apollymi), which means 'to destroy' or 'to perish'. In this specific form, it indicates a future action, either 'I will destroy' (active voice) or 'I will perish' (middle/passive voice). The meaning depends on the context of the sentence.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Future, Indicative, Active or Middle
Synonyms: ΦΘΕΙΡΩ, ΑΦΑΝΙΖΩ
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: deh-xee-oh-keh-RAH-tee
Translations: (to) the right wing, (to) the right flank
Notes: This is a compound noun meaning 'right wing' or 'right flank', typically referring to the right side of an army or battle formation. It is formed from the words ΔΕΞΙΟΣ (dexios), meaning 'right' or 'skillful', and ΚΕΡΑΣ (keras), meaning 'horn' or 'wing'. In this form, it indicates the indirect object of an action.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Neuter
Etymology: This word is a compound of the Greek adjective ΔΕΞΙΟΣ (dexios), meaning 'right' or 'skillful', and the noun ΚΕΡΑΣ (keras), meaning 'horn' or 'wing'.
G4506
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: RHOO-eh-tai
Translations: is delivered, is rescued, is saved
Notes: This verb means to deliver, rescue, or save someone or something from danger, evil, or an undesirable situation. It is often used to describe divine intervention or protection. In a sentence, it would typically be used to indicate that a subject is being delivered or saved by an action or entity.
Inflection: 3rd Person, Singular, Present Tense, Indicative Mood, Middle or Passive Voice
Synonyms: ΣΩΖΩ, ΕΞΑΙΡΕΩ, ΔΙΑΣΩΖΩ
Etymology: The word ῥύομαι (rhyomai) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *srew- meaning 'to flow, gush'. Its meaning evolved to 'draw, drag, pull' and then to 'draw to oneself, rescue, protect'.
G3844
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: pah-RAH
Translations: from, by, with, beside, at, near, alongside, to
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it typically means 'from' or 'from beside', indicating origin or agency. With the dative case, it means 'with', 'beside', or 'at', indicating proximity or presence. With the accusative case, it means 'alongside', 'to', or 'past', indicating motion towards or along something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΥΠΟ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'beside', 'alongside'. It is cognate with English 'for' and 'from'.
G0001
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ai-gee-ah-LON
Translations: seashore, a seashore, coast, a coast, beach, a beach, shore, a shore
Notes: This word refers to the seashore, coast, or beach. It is typically used to describe the land bordering a sea or lake, often where waves break. It can be used in sentences like 'They walked along the seashore' or 'The ship landed on the beach.'
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΠΑΡΑΛΙΑ, ΑΚΤΗ
Etymology: The word Αἰγιαλός is of uncertain origin, possibly derived from αἶγες (aiges, 'waves') and ἅλς (hals, 'sea').
G4215
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: poh-ta-MOO
Translations: of a river, of the river, of rivers
Notes: This word refers to a river or stream. It is used to indicate possession or origin related to a river, functioning similarly to the English 'of a river' or 'belonging to a river'. It is a common noun found in various contexts when discussing geographical features or sources of water.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
G2596
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix
Sounds like: kath
Translations: according to, down, against, throughout, during, by, for, with respect to, concerning
Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down' or 'according to'. It is commonly used as a prefix in compound words or as a preposition governing various cases. When used as a preposition, it can indicate movement downwards, distribution, opposition, or a standard of comparison. For example, 'καθ' ἕνα' means 'one by one', and 'καθά' means 'just as' or 'according as'. The elision (dropping of the final vowel) occurs before a word beginning with a vowel and a rough breathing mark.
Inflection: Does not inflect (it is an elided form of a preposition)
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΔΙΑ
Etymology: The word 'κατά' (kata) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'down' or 'against'. It is a common preposition in ancient Greek, indicating various relationships of position, direction, or standard.
G1438
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-ahf-TON
Translations: himself, herself, itself, themselves
Notes: This word is a reflexive pronoun, meaning 'himself, herself, itself, or themselves'. It is used to refer back to the subject of the sentence, indicating that the action of the verb is directed back to the subject. For example, 'he saw himself'. It can be used for singular or plural subjects.
Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΝ
G2902
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ek-RAH-tei
Translations: he was holding, she was holding, it was holding, he was ruling, she was ruling, it was ruling, he was prevailing, she was prevailing, it was prevailing, he was strong, she was strong, it was strong
Notes: This word describes an action of holding, ruling, or prevailing that was ongoing or repeated in the past. It indicates a continuous state of power, control, or strength. For example, it could be used to say 'he was holding the rope' or 'he was ruling the city'.
Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΜΑΙ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑΖΩ, ΚΥΡΙΕΥΩ
G1637
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: EH-lah-yon
Translations: oil, an oil, olive oil
Notes: This word refers to oil, particularly olive oil, which was a staple product in ancient times used for food, fuel for lamps, anointing, and medicinal purposes. It is often found in contexts alongside other agricultural products like grain and wine. The word ΛΑΙΟΝ is a misspelling or a phonetic variant of ΕΛΑΙΟΝ.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
G2192
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: EKH-ohn
Translations: having, holding, possessing, being in possession of
Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. As a participle, it functions like a verbal adjective, describing someone or something that is in the act of having or holding something. It can be translated as 'having' or 'one who has', and often introduces a clause explaining what someone possesses or is doing.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΚΕΚΤΗΜΕΝΟΣ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩΝ
Etymology: The verb ἔχω (echō) comes from Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ- ('to hold, to have'). It is a common verb in ancient Greek, with a wide range of meanings related to possession, state, and action.
G2768
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KEH-ras
Translations: horn, a horn, power, strength, dignity, wing, peak
Notes: This word primarily refers to the horn of an animal. Metaphorically, it can signify strength, power, or dignity, as horns were symbols of might and authority. It can also refer to a projecting point, a peak, or even a wing of an army or a musical instrument made from a horn.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΜΙΣ, ΙΣΧΥΣ, ΚΡΑΤΟΣ
Etymology: From a presumed Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'horn'. It is related to Latin 'cornu' and English 'horn'.
G1899, G4363
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Participle
Sounds like: eh-PEY-tah-pros-PEH-sohn
Translations: then having fallen, then falling down, thereupon having fallen
Notes: This is a compound word formed from the adverb 'epeita' (then, thereupon) and the aorist active participle 'prospesōn' (having fallen, falling down) of the verb 'prospiptō' (to fall upon, fall down before). It describes an action that occurs subsequently to a previous event, specifically the act of falling upon or prostrating oneself. It indicates a sequence of events where the falling action happens after something else.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Masculine
G1377
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: dee-OH-koo-see
Translations: they pursue, they persecute, they chase, they follow, they run after
Notes: This word describes the action of pursuing, chasing, or following someone or something, often with intensity or hostility. It can mean to persecute, to run after, or to earnestly seek something. It is used in sentences to indicate that a group of people is actively engaged in this action.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΔΙΩΚΩ, ΚΥΝΗΓΕΩ, ΕΠΙΔΙΩΚΩ
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: mith-ri-DAH-ten
Translations: Mithridates
Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to the name Mithridates. It is a name of Persian origin, meaning 'given by Mithra' or 'gift of Mithra'. Several historical figures bore this name, most notably Mithridates VI Eupator, the King of Pontus, who famously resisted the Roman Republic. It is used here in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: The name Mithridates is of Old Persian origin, derived from the name of the ancient Persian deity Mithra, combined with a suffix meaning 'given' or 'gift'.
G0615
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-pek-TEI-nen
Translations: he killed, she killed, it killed, he slew, she slew, it slew
Notes: This word is the third person singular, aorist active indicative form of the verb ἀποκτείνω (apokteinō), meaning 'to kill' or 'to slay'. It describes a completed action of killing or slaying, typically referring to a single instance in the past. It is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb κτείνω (kteinō), meaning 'to kill'.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΙΡΕΩ, ΦΟΝΕΥΩ
G4183
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pol-LOOS
Translations: many, much, great
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'many', 'much', or 'great'. It is used to describe a large quantity or number of something. In this form, it functions as the direct object of a verb, indicating that 'many' people or things are being acted upon.
Inflection: Accusative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΙΚΑΝΟΣ, ΠΛΕΙΩΝ, ΑΦΘΟΝΟΣ
G2532, G3360
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Preposition
Sounds like: kahee-MEKH-ree
Translations: and until, and as far as, even until, even as far as
Notes: This is a compound word formed from the conjunction 'καί' (kai), meaning 'and' or 'even,' and the preposition 'μέχρι' (mechri), meaning 'until' or 'as far as.' Together, 'καιμέχρι' means 'and until' or 'even until,' indicating a point in time or space that is reached or included. It is used to extend the limit or scope of something already mentioned.
Inflection: Does not inflect
G5118
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: toh-SOO-too
Translations: of so great, of so much, of so many, of such a size, of such a quantity
Notes: This word is an adjective indicating a large quantity, degree, or size. It is used to describe something as being 'so great,' 'so much,' or 'so many.' It often emphasizes the extent or magnitude of something, similar to how 'such' or 'so' is used in English to intensify a description. For example, it might be used to describe 'so great a crowd' or 'of so much time.'
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΤΟΣΟΣ, ΤΗΛΙΚΟΥΤΟΣ
G2641
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: kah-tah-lay-POH-meh-noos
Translations: left behind, remaining, abandoned, those left behind, the ones remaining
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'καταλείπω', meaning 'to leave behind', 'to abandon', or 'to remain'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone or something that has been left behind or is remaining. It is often used to refer to a group of people or things that are left over or abandoned.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine, Present, Passive
Synonyms: ΥΠΟΛΕΙΠΟΜΕΝΟΥΣ, ΑΦΙΕΜΕΝΟΥΣ
Etymology: The word 'καταλείπω' is a compound verb formed from 'κατά' (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and 'λείπω' (leipo), meaning 'to leave' or 'to abandon'.
G1377
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-DEE-ox-en
Translations: he pursued, he chased, he drove away, he persecuted
Notes: This word describes the action of pursuing, chasing, or driving something or someone away. It can also mean to persecute, to follow after, or to press on towards a goal. It is often used in the context of actively following or seeking something, or of hostile pursuit.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΔΙΩΚΩ, ΚΥΝΗΓΕΩ, ΕΚΔΙΩΚΩ
G5613
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition
Sounds like: OHS
Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that
Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: of them, their, of themselves
Notes: This word is a pronoun indicating possession or relation, specifically for a group of people or things. It is used to mean 'of them' or 'their', often referring back to a previously mentioned plural noun or pronoun.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, All genders
G0138
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-LEIN
Translations: to take, to choose, to seize, to capture, to pick, to prefer
Notes: This is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'αἱρέω' (haireō). It means 'to take' or 'to choose' and is used to express an action without specifying a subject or tense, often functioning like a 'to + verb' construction in English. For example, it can be used after verbs that indicate ability, desire, or necessity.
Inflection: Infinitive, Aorist, Active
Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΕΚΛΕΓΟΜΑΙ
G3589
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: og-DOH-ay-kon-tah
Translations: eighty
Notes: This word is a cardinal numeral meaning 'eighty'. It is used to indicate a quantity of eighty units and is indeclinable, meaning its form does not change regardless of gender, case, or number. It functions similarly to the English word 'eighty' in a sentence.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From the Greek word ὀγδοήκοντα (ogdoēkonta), meaning 'eighty'. It is derived from ὀκτώ (oktō), meaning 'eight', and a suffix indicating multiples of ten.
G3441
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: MOH-noos
Translations: alone, only, solitary, the only ones, the solitary ones
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'alone', 'only', or 'solitary'. It describes a state of being by oneself or being the sole instance of something. It can be used to emphasize uniqueness or isolation. In this form, it is the masculine plural accusative case, meaning it would typically modify a masculine plural noun that is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Accusative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΕΡΗΜΟΣ, ΙΔΙΟΣ
G2398
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ee-DEE-ohn
Translations: of one's own, of private things, of peculiar things
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'ἴδιος' (idios). It refers to something that is one's own, private, or peculiar to an individual or group. It is often used to emphasize possession or a unique characteristic. For example, it can mean 'their own' or 'his own' when referring to possessions or personal matters.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΥ̓ΤΩΝ, ἙΑΥΤΩΝ
Etymology: The word ἴδιος (idios) comes from Proto-Indo-European *swe-dʰ-yo-, meaning 'one's own'. It is related to the reflexive pronoun 'self' and emphasizes personal possession or distinctiveness.
G0654
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ap-eh-BAH-len
Translations: threw away, cast off, lost, rejected, abandoned
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning "from" or "away from," and the verb βάλλω (ballō), meaning "to throw" or "to cast." Therefore, it literally means "to throw away" or "to cast off." In various contexts, it can signify losing something, rejecting someone or something, or abandoning a position or a group.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ἈΠΟΡΡΊΠΤΩ, ἈΦΊΗΜΙ, ἈΠΟΛΛΥΜΙ
G5157
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: tro-PEH
Translations: turning, a turning, change, a change, defeat, a defeat
Notes: This noun refers to a turning, a change, or a defeat. It can describe a literal turning or movement, a metaphorical change in circumstances or character, or the defeat of an army in battle. It is often used in contexts describing a shift or reversal.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΜΕΤΑΒΟΛΗ, ΗΤΤΑ
Etymology: From the verb τρέπω (trepō), meaning 'to turn' or 'to direct'.
G3737
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: ok-tah-KO-see-oos
Translations: eight hundred
Notes: This word is a numeral meaning 'eight hundred'. It is used to quantify a group of eight hundred items or people, often appearing in contexts describing numbers of individuals or quantities.
Inflection: Accusative, Masculine, Plural
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ὀκτακόσιοι (oktakósioi), meaning 'eight hundred', combining ὀκτώ (oktṓ, 'eight') and -κόσιοι (-kósioi, 'hundred').
G4982
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: so-THAYS
Translations: saved, delivered, healed, preserved, rescued, having been saved, the one who was saved
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to save' or 'to deliver'. It describes someone who has undergone the action of being saved, delivered, healed, or preserved. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, or can act adverbially, indicating the circumstances under which an action occurred.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Masculine
Synonyms: ΡΥΣΘΕΙΣ, ΔΙΑΣΩΘΕΙΣ, ΘΕΡΑΠΕΥΘΕΙΣ
Etymology: The word ΣΩΖΩ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *teh₂w- meaning 'to be strong, to be able'.
G1680
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: el-PEE-dah
Translations: hope, a hope, expectation, an expectation
Notes: This word refers to the feeling of expectation and desire for something to happen, often with a sense of confidence or trust. It is used to describe both a general feeling of hope and the specific object of that hope. It can be used in sentences like 'We have hope for the future' or 'He placed his hope in God'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΔΟΚΙΑ, ΠΙΣΤΙΣ
G3144
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: MAR-toos
Translations: witness, a witness, martyr, a martyr
Notes: This word refers to a witness, someone who gives testimony or evidence, often in a legal or judicial context. In later Christian usage, it also came to mean a 'martyr,' someone who bears witness to their faith by suffering death. It can be used to describe a person who has seen or heard something and can provide an account of it, or someone who attests to the truth of something.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΟΝ, ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑ
Etymology: The word ΜΑΡΤΥΣ comes from an ancient root meaning 'to remember' or 'to be mindful of,' which evolved to mean 'to bear witness' or 'to testify.'
G0094
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-bas-KAH-nos
Translations: not envious, not grudging, unbewitched, unenvying
Notes: This word is a compound adjective formed from the negative prefix 'ἀ-' (a-) meaning 'not' and 'βασκαίνω' (baskainō) meaning 'to bewitch' or 'to envy'. It describes someone who is not subject to envy, or who does not cast an evil eye upon others. It can also mean someone who is generous and not grudging of others' good fortune. It is used to describe a person or a quality that is free from envy or the power of bewitchment.
Inflection: Nominative, Singular, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ἈΦΘΟΝΟΣ, ἈΝΕΠΙΦΘΟΝΟΣ
Etymology: From the negative prefix ἀ- (a-) and the verb βασκαίνω (baskainō), meaning 'to bewitch' or 'to envy'.
G494
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: an-tee-PAH-troo
Translations: (of) Antipater
Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the proper noun 'Antipater'. Antipater was a common name in the ancient world, notably borne by several historical figures, including the father of Herod the Great. It is used to indicate possession or origin, similar to 'Antipater's' or 'belonging to Antipater'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀντί (anti, "against, instead of") and πατήρ (patēr, "father"). It literally means "instead of the father" or "like the father."
G2729
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kah-tor-THOH-mah-TON
Translations: (of) righteous deeds, (of) achievements, (of) successes, (of) accomplishments
Notes: This word refers to righteous deeds, successful accomplishments, or achievements. It implies actions that are done correctly, successfully, or in a morally upright manner. It is often used in the context of significant or praiseworthy achievements.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΡΓΩΝ, ΠΡΑΞΕΩΝ, ΚΑΤΟΡΘΩΣΕΩΝ
G5119
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: TOH-teh
Translations: then, at that time, at that moment, thereupon, therefore
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'then' or 'at that time'. It is used to indicate a point in time, often referring to a past or future event that follows another. It can also be used to introduce a consequence or result, similar to 'therefore' or 'in that case'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΠΕΙΤΑ, ΕΙΤΑ, ΟΥΝ
Etymology: The word ΤΟΤΕ is a primary adverb, meaning it is not derived from another word in Greek. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun 'το' (this/that).
G0435
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: AN-dra
Translations: man, a man, husband, a husband
Notes: This word refers to a male human being, often specifically an adult male, or a husband. It is the accusative singular form of the noun 'ἈΝΗΡ' (anēr), meaning 'man' or 'husband'. It is used when the man or husband is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ, ΑΝΗΡ
Etymology: The word 'ἈΝΗΡ' (anēr) comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that also refer to a male human being.
G1868
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: eh-PAI-noys
Translations: (to) praise, (to) commendation, (to) approval, (to) laudation
Notes: This word refers to praise, commendation, or approval. It is used to describe the act of expressing admiration or approval for someone or something. In this inflected form, it indicates the dative plural, meaning 'to praises' or 'with praises', often implying the means or instrument by which something is done.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΥ̓ΛΟΓΙΑΙΣ, ΔΟΞΑΙΣ, ΤΙΜΑΙΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH-ees
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: This word is the dative plural feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate that the noun it modifies is feminine, plural, and in the dative case, often signifying indirect objects, recipients, or the means by which something is done. It can be translated as 'to the' or 'for the', or simply 'the' depending on the context.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Feminine
G1680, G1519
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Part of Speech: Noun, Preposition
Sounds like: el-PI-sin-EIS
Translations: (to) hopes, (to) expectations, (to) trusts, into, to, for, among, in, toward
Notes: This is a compound phrase formed by the noun 'ἘΛΠΊΣ' (hope, expectation) in its dative plural form 'ἘΛΠΙΣΙΝ' (to hopes, with hopes) and the preposition 'ΕἸΣ' (into, to, for). When combined, it typically means 'into hopes' or 'for hopes/expectations', indicating direction towards or purpose related to hope. It describes an action or state directed towards or resulting in hope or expectation.
Inflection: ἘΛΠΊΣ: Plural, Dative, Feminine; ΕἸΣ: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΙΣΤΙΣ, ΠΡΟΣΔΟΚΙΑ
G2794
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kin-DEE-noos
Translations: dangers, risks, perils
Notes: This word refers to dangers, risks, or perils. It is used to describe situations or circumstances that involve potential harm, loss, or trouble. For example, one might face many dangers on a journey.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΑΚΑ, ΒΛΑΒΑΙ, ΚΑΚΟΝ
G1933
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-peh-RROH-sen
Translations: strengthened, confirmed, made strong, encouraged, fortified
Notes: This word is the aorist active indicative third person singular form of the verb ἐπιρρωννυμι (epirrhōnnumi), meaning 'to strengthen' or 'to confirm'. It describes an action that was completed in the past, indicating that someone or something was made stronger, more resolute, or more secure. It can be used in contexts of physical fortification, mental encouragement, or the confirmation of a plan or situation.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΚΡΑΤΥΝΩ, ΣΤΗΡΙΖΩ, ἘΝΙΣΧΥΩ
Etymology: The word ἐπιρρωννυμι is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'in addition to', and the verb ῥώννυμι (rhōnnumi), meaning 'to strengthen' or 'to make strong'.
G3739
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: OYS
Translations: to whom, to which, to what
Notes: This word is a relative pronoun, meaning 'to whom', 'to which', or 'to what'. It is used to introduce a relative clause, connecting it to a noun or pronoun in the main clause. It indicates the indirect object of the verb in the relative clause, showing to whom or to what an action is directed. It can refer to people or things and is used for all genders.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders
Synonyms: ΤΙΣ, ὉΠΟΙΟΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun and is a common form for relative pronouns across Indo-European languages.
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAH-sin
Translations: to all, for all, with all, by all, in all
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all' or 'every'. It is used to indicate totality or completeness, often modifying a noun to show that something applies to every member of a group or every part of a whole. In this dative plural form, it typically translates as 'to all', 'for all', 'with all', or 'in all', depending on the context.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pa-ra-bo-LOH-ta-tos
Translations: most venturesome, most daring, most reckless, most dangerous, most risky
Notes: This word is a superlative adjective, meaning 'most venturesome' or 'most daring'. It describes something or someone that is extremely bold, reckless, or exposed to great danger. It is used to emphasize the highest degree of risk or audacity.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Superlative
Synonyms: ΤΟΛΜΗΡΟΤΑΤΟΣ, ΕΠΙΚΙΝΔΥΝΟΤΑΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word derives from the Greek verb 'παραβάλλω' (paraballō), meaning 'to throw beside, to compare, to expose to danger'. From this, 'παράβολος' came to mean 'venturesome' or 'risky', and 'παραβολώτατος' is its superlative form.
G0075
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-goh-nis-TAYS
Translations: athlete, a competitor, competitor, a fighter, fighter
Notes: This word refers to a contestant in public games, an athlete, or more broadly, a combatant or fighter. It can also describe someone who struggles or contends for something, often in a spiritual or moral sense, implying a strenuous effort or conflict.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ἈΘΛΗΤΗΣ, ΜΑΧΗΤΗΣ
G1096
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: geh-NO-meh-nos
Translations: having become, being, happened, arisen, a having become, a being
Notes: This word is an aorist middle participle of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become', 'to happen', or 'to come into being'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred or is completed in relation to the main verb of the sentence. It can be translated as 'having become', 'being', or 'when he/it became'. It often indicates a state or condition resulting from a past action.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular
Synonyms: ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΕΓΕΝΗΘΗ
G4183
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb
Sounds like: POL-lah
Translations: much, many, great, abundant, often, greatly, many things
Notes: This word is an inflection of the adjective 'ΠΟΛΥΣ' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many'. As an adjective, 'ΠΟΛΛΑ' typically functions as the neuter plural nominative or accusative, meaning 'many things' or 'much'. It can also function as an adverb, meaning 'often' or 'greatly'. It is used to indicate a large quantity or frequency.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative (of the adjective ΠΟΛΥΣ); or Adverb
Synonyms: ΠΛΕΙΩΝ, ΙΚΑΝΟΣ
G5186
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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)
Sounds like: troh-THEYS
Translations: having been wounded, wounded, having been struck, struck
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb meaning 'to wound' or 'to strike'. It describes someone or something that has undergone the action of being wounded or struck. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, indicating a state or condition resulting from a past action.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular
Synonyms: ΠΛΗΓΕΙΣ, ΤΥΠΕΙΣ
G1909
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix
Sounds like: EHF
Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, because of, with, by
Notes: This word is an elided form of the Greek preposition ἘΠΊ (epi), which means 'on,' 'upon,' or 'over.' The final vowel of ἘΠΊ is dropped before a word beginning with a vowel, especially a rough breathing mark, resulting in ἘΦ. Its precise meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it means 'on' or 'upon' (of place or time); with the dative, it means 'on,' 'at,' 'by,' or 'for' (of position or cause); and with the accusative, it means 'on,' 'to,' 'against,' or 'over' (of motion or purpose). It is also commonly used as a prefix in compound words.
Inflection: Does not inflect; it is an elided form of the preposition ἘΠΊ. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs (Genitive, Dative, or Accusative).
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.
G3650
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: O-LOO
Translations: of whole, of all, of every, of the whole, of the entire
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the adjective 'ΟΛΟΣ' (holos), meaning 'whole' or 'all'. In this genitive case, it indicates possession or relation, often translated as 'of the whole' or 'of all'. It is used to describe something that pertains to the entirety of a thing or group.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΠΑΝΤΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G4975
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: skheh-DON
Translations: almost, nearly, well-nigh, about, approximately
Notes: The word "σχεδόν" is an adverb meaning "almost" or "nearly." It indicates proximity in time, quantity, or degree. It is used to qualify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, suggesting that something is very close to being true or happening, but not quite. The form "σχεδόντου" appears to be a misreading or a typographical error, likely intended as "σχεδόν τοῦ" (almost of/the), where "τοῦ" is the genitive singular masculine/neuter definite article.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as an adverb). The ending '-του' suggests a possible misreading or combination with the genitive definite article 'τοῦ'.
Synonyms: ΕΓΓΥΣ, ΠΛΗΣΙΟΝ
G4983
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: SOH-mah-tos
Translations: of body, of a body, of flesh, of a flesh, of substance, of a substance
Notes: This word refers to the physical body, whether human or animal, or to a substance or material. It can also refer to a collective body, like a group of people. In a broader sense, it can denote the substance or reality of something, as opposed to its shadow or image. It is used to describe the physical aspect of a being or object.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΣΑΡΞ, ΟΥΣΙΑ
G2192
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EE-khen
Translations: he had, she had, it had, he was having, she was having, it was having
Notes: This word is the third person singular imperfect active indicative form of the verb ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, indicating that someone or something possessed or held something over a period of time.
Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
G4592
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: say-MEH-ah
Translations: signs, miracles, wonders, proofs, marks
Notes: This word refers to a sign, mark, or token, often indicating something else or serving as a proof. In a religious context, it frequently denotes a miracle or a wonder, an extraordinary event that points to divine power or purpose. It can also refer to a distinguishing mark or a signal.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΤΕΡΑΤΑ, ΔΥΝΑΜΕΙΣ
G703
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-reh-TAYS
Translations: of virtue, of excellence, of moral goodness, of valor
Notes: This word refers to moral excellence, virtue, or valor. It describes a quality of high moral standing or outstanding ability, often implying courage or effectiveness.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΓΑΘΟΣΥΝΗ, ΚΑΛΟΚΑΓΑΘΙΑ
Etymology: The word 'Ἀρετή' (aretē) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to 'ἀρή' (arē), meaning 'prayer' or 'curse', or from the root 'ἀρ-' (ar-), meaning 'to fit' or 'to join'. It evolved to signify excellence of any kind, and later, moral excellence.
G0861
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OW-this
Translations: again, anew, back, once more, furthermore, on the other hand
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'again' or 'anew'. It is used to indicate a repetition of an action or a return to a previous state or place. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a contrasting idea, similar to 'furthermore' or 'on the other hand'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΑΛΙΝ, ἘΤΙ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek αὖθις (authis), meaning 'again', 'back again'. It is related to αὖ (au), meaning 'again', 'furthermore'.
G2525, G3588
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Part of Speech: Participle, Article
Sounds like: kah-tah-STAY-sah-meh-nos TAH
Translations: having appointed the, having established the, having set up the, having put in order the
Notes: This is a compound phrase consisting of two words written together without a space, which was common in ancient Greek texts. The first part, ΚΑΤΑΣΤΗΣΑΜΕΝΟΣ (katastēsamenos), is an aorist middle participle from the verb ΚΑΘΙΣΤΗΜΙ (kathistēmi), meaning 'to appoint, establish, set up, or put in order'. The second part, ΤΑ (ta), is the neuter plural definite article, meaning 'the'. Together, it means 'having appointed the' or 'having established the (things)'. It describes an action completed by the subject, affecting plural neuter objects.
Inflection: ΚΑΤΑΣΤΗΣΑΜΕΝΟΣ: Aorist, Middle Voice, Nominative, Masculine, Singular; ΤΑ: Nominative or Accusative, Neuter, Plural
G1880
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ep-an-EE-ken
Translations: returned, came back, went back
Notes: This word means to return or to come back, often implying a return to a place or state after an absence. It is used to describe someone or something that has gone away and then come back.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ἈΝΑΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ὙΠΟΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ἘΠΙΣΤΡΕΦΩ
Etymology: The word Ἐπανήκω (epanēkō) is a compound verb formed from the prefix ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'to', and ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'back', combined with the verb ἥκω (hēkō), meaning 'to have come' or 'to be present'. Thus, it literally means 'to come back upon' or 'to come back up to'.
G4174
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: po-li-TEH-yah
Translations: citizenship, a citizenship, commonwealth, a commonwealth, state, a state, government, a government, administration, an administration, polity, a polity
Notes: This word refers to the rights and duties of a citizen, the status of citizenship, or the form of government or administration of a state or community. It can also denote the body of citizens themselves or the public life and affairs of a state. It is used to describe the political system or the way a society is governed.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΟΛΙΣ, ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΑ, ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek πολίτης (polítēs, “citizen”), from πόλις (pólis, “city-state”). It refers to the condition or rights of a citizen, or the administration of a city or state.
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ow-TON-tay
Translations: self-existent, independent, autonomous
Notes: This word is likely a misspelling or a very rare variant of ΑΥ̓ΤΟΝΤΗΣ (autontēs), meaning 'self-existent' or 'independent'. It describes something that exists or operates by itself, without external influence or support. In the provided context, it seems to modify 'citizenship' (πολιτεία), suggesting an independent or autonomous form of Roman citizenship.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΥ̓ΤΟΝΟΜΟΣ, ΑΥ̓ΘΥΠΌΣΤΑΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word is a compound of ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ (autos), meaning 'self', and a form related to the verb ΕἸΜΙ (eimi), meaning 'to be' or 'to exist'. It literally means 'being of oneself' or 'self-existent'.
G4514
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: roh-MAI-ohn
Translations: of Romans, of the Romans
Notes: This word refers to the people of Rome or the Roman Empire. It is used here in the genitive plural, indicating possession or origin, often translated as 'of the Romans' or 'belonging to the Romans'.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine
Etymology: The word Ῥωμαῖος (Rhomaios) is derived from Ῥώμη (Rhōmē), the Greek name for Rome. It refers to an inhabitant of the city or empire of Rome.
G1431
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-DOH-ray-sah-toh
Translations: he gave, he granted, he bestowed, he presented
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to give a gift, to grant, or to bestow'. It is used to describe the act of someone providing something to another person, often as a present or a favor. It implies a voluntary act of giving, rather than an obligation.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΧΑΡΙΖΟΜΑΙ
G0891
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-TEH-leh-yah
Translations: exemption, immunity, freedom from tax, freedom from service
Notes: This word refers to a state of exemption or immunity from obligations, particularly from taxes or public service. It signifies a privilege granted to individuals or groups, freeing them from financial burdens or duties that others might be subject to. It is a compound word formed from the negative prefix 'ἀ-' (a-), meaning 'not' or 'without', and 'τέλος' (telos), which can mean 'end', 'completion', or 'tax'. Thus, it literally means 'without tax' or 'without end/completion of obligation'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΛΕΥΘΕΡΙΑ, ΑΦΕΣΙΣ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀτελής (atelḗs, "free from tax, exempt") + -εια (-eia, suffix forming abstract nouns). It is a compound of ἀ- (a-, "not, without") and τέλος (télos, "tax, end, completion").
G0243
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: AL-lays
Translations: (of) other, (of) another
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to refer to something different from what has already been mentioned or implied. In this inflected form, it indicates possession or relation, often translated with 'of' or 'belonging to'. It can be used to modify a feminine singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ
G5092
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: tee-MACE
Translations: of honor, of value, of price, of a price, of an honor
Notes: This word is a noun that refers to honor, value, or price. It is used to express the worth, esteem, or cost associated with a person, object, or action. It can denote the respect given to someone, the monetary value of something, or the inherent worth of a concept.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΞΙΑ, ΚΟΣΤΟΣ, ΔΟΞΑ
Etymology: The word ΤΙΜΗ (timē) comes from an ancient root meaning 'to value' or 'to estimate'. It is related to the verb τιμάω (timaō), meaning 'to honor' or 'to value'.
G5363
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: fee-loh-froh-NEE-seh-ohs
Translations: of kindness, of friendliness, of courtesy, of benevolence, of a kindness, of a friendliness, of a courtesy, of a benevolence
Notes: This word refers to an act or expression of kindness, friendliness, or courtesy. It describes a benevolent disposition or a demonstration of goodwill. It is a compound word derived from 'φίλος' (philos, meaning 'friend' or 'loving') and 'φρονέω' (phroneo, meaning 'to think' or 'to be minded'), thus literally meaning 'friend-mindedness' or 'friendly thinking'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΥΝΟΙΑ, ΧΡΗΣΤΟΤΗΣ, ΑΓΑΘΩΣΥΝΗ
Etymology: The word ΦΙΛΟΦΡΟΝΗΣΙΣ is derived from the adjective φιλόφρων (philophrōn), meaning 'friendly-minded' or 'kindly'. This adjective is a compound of φίλος (philos, 'friend, loving') and φρήν (phrēn, 'mind, heart').
G1752
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: EN-eh-ken
Translations: because of, on account of, for the sake of, (of) for, (of) by reason of
Notes: ΕΝΕΚΕΝ is an improper preposition that typically takes the genitive case, meaning 'because of' or 'on account of'. It can also function as an adverb, meaning 'for this reason' or 'therefore'. It is used to express the cause or reason behind an action or state.
Inflection: Does not inflect; takes the genitive case when used as a preposition.
Synonyms: ΔΙΑ, ΧΑΡΙΝ
Etymology: The word ΕΝΕΚΕΝ is an ancient Greek word, likely formed from the preposition 'en' (in) and a form related to 'heka' (on account of). It has been in use since classical Greek and continued into Koine Greek.
G2207
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ZAY-loh-ton
Translations: zealous, enviable, an enviable thing, a zealous thing
Notes: This word describes something or someone that is an object of zeal, either in the sense of being eagerly desired and therefore enviable, or in the sense of being an object of intense devotion or jealousy. It can refer to something that is worthy of emulation or something that provokes strong feelings, whether positive (like admiration) or negative (like jealousy).
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΘΥΜΗΤΟΣ, ΑΙΡΕΤΟΣ
G4160
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-POY-ee-sen
Translations: he made, he did, she made, she did, it made, it did
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to make' or 'to do'. It describes an action completed in the past. It can be used in a wide range of contexts, from creating something (like God making the sea) to performing an action (like someone doing something for themselves).
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ
G0749
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ar-khee-eh-roh-SY-neen
Translations: high priesthood, office of high priest
Notes: This word refers to the office or position of a high priest. It is a compound word, combining 'ἈΡΧΙ' (archi), meaning 'chief' or 'principal', with 'ΙΕΡΩΣΥΝΗ' (hierosyne), meaning 'priesthood'. It describes the state or function of being a high priest, often in a religious or ceremonial context.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The word ἈΡΧΙΕΡΩΣΥΝΗ (archierōsynē) is derived from the combination of the prefix ἈΡΧΙ- (archi-), meaning 'chief' or 'principal', and the noun ΙΕΡΩΣΥΝΗ (hierōsynē), meaning 'priesthood'.
G1991
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-peh-koo-ROH-sen
Translations: he confirmed, he ratified, he validated, he approved
Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning 'to confirm', 'to ratify', or 'to validate'. It describes the action of making something firm, authoritative, or legally binding. It is often used in contexts of agreements, laws, or decisions being officially established or approved.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΒΕΒΑΙΟΩ, ΚΥΡΟΩ
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: hoor-KAH-noh
Translations: Hyrcanus, to Hyrcanus
Notes: This is a proper noun referring to Hyrcanus, a common name among the Hasmonean dynasty of Judea. In the provided context, it most likely refers to John Hyrcanus II, a high priest and ethnarch of Judea, or possibly his grandfather, John Hyrcanus I. The word is in the dative case, indicating it is the indirect object of a verb or follows a preposition that takes the dative.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine
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