Home / Interlinears (Beta) / Justin Martyr / Dialogue with Trypho the Jew / Chapter 12Dialogue with Trypho the Jew, Chapter 12
Interlinear version from Justin Martyr (Beta)
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EH-leh-gon
Translations: they were saying, they said, they used to say
Notes: This is an inflected form of the verb 'λέγω' (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past. It is used to indicate that a group of people were in the process of speaking or had a habit of saying something.
Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΦΗΜΙ, ΛΑΛΕΩ
G1161
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: DEH
Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however
Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.
G2089
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: eh-TEE
Translations: still, yet, further, more
Notes: This word is an adverb indicating continuation in time or degree. It can mean 'still' or 'yet' when referring to something that is ongoing or has not happened yet. It can also mean 'further' or 'more' when adding to something or indicating an additional quantity or action.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΕΤΙ, ἘΤΙΔΕ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *eti 'beyond, further'. It is related to Latin et 'and, also'.
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G4374
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pros-EF-eh-ron
Translations: they were bringing, they were offering, they were presenting, they were applying
Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative, third person plural form of the verb προσφέρω (prospherō). It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, meaning "they were bringing to," "they were offering," or "they were presenting." It can also mean "to apply" or "to bring against" in certain contexts.
Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΦΕΡΩ, ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΠΑΡΕΧΩ
G3754
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OH-tee
Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which
Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ
Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.
G1722
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: en
Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).
Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.
G0243
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: AL-loys
Translations: to others, for others, with others, other, another
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to refer to a different person or thing from one already mentioned or implied. In this inflected form, it is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', or 'with'. It is a common word used to distinguish one group or item from another.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ
Etymology: The word ἄλλος (allos) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is related to Latin alius and English 'else'.
G3056
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: LOH-goys
Translations: (to) words, (to) sayings, (to) accounts, (to) messages, (to) reasons, (to) doctrines
Notes: This word refers to words, sayings, accounts, or messages. It is the dative plural form of the noun 'logos', indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'by' or 'with' in English, depending on the context. It can refer to spoken or written words, a statement, a discourse, or even a divine utterance.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΡΗΜΑΣΙΝ, ΕΠΕΣΙΝ, ΜΥΘΟΙΣ
G2491
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: hay-SAH-ee-as
Translations: Isaiah
Notes: This is the name of the Old Testament prophet Isaiah. It is used to refer to the prophet himself or to the book of the Bible that bears his name.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Etymology: From Hebrew Yesha'yahu, meaning 'Yahweh is salvation'. It is a compound of 'yesha' (salvation) and 'Yah' (a shortened form of Yahweh).
G0994
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: boh-AH
Translations: cry out, shout, call out, proclaim
Notes: This word describes the act of crying out or shouting, often with a loud voice. It can be used to express strong emotion, to call for attention, or to make a proclamation. It is typically used in the active voice.
Inflection: Present, Active, Imperative, Second Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΚΡΑΖΩ, ΦΩΝΕΩ, ΚΕΚΡΑΓΑ
G0191
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-KOO-sah-teh
Translations: hear, listen, obey, understand
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to hear' or 'to listen'. It is often used as a command or exhortation, urging people to pay attention or to obey. It can also imply understanding or perceiving something through sound. In the provided examples, it is used to command a group of people to listen.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Imperative, 2nd Person Plural
Synonyms: ἘΝΩΤΙΖΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΣΕΧΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂kowh₂- 'to hear'.
G1700
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: moo
Translations: of me, my, mine
Notes: ΜΟΥ is the genitive singular form of the first-person personal pronoun, meaning "of me," "my," or "mine." It indicates possession or origin, similar to how "my" or "mine" is used in English. It can be used with nouns to show ownership (e.g., "my house") or with verbs to indicate the source or object of an action (e.g., "he heard of me").
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Common Gender
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOOS
Translations: the, them, those
Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).
G3056
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: LOH-goos
Translations: words, sayings, accounts, messages, statements, reports
Notes: This word is the plural accusative form of 'λόγος' (logos), meaning 'word' or 'reason'. In this form, it typically functions as the direct object of a verb, indicating the 'words' or 'accounts' that are being acted upon. It can refer to spoken words, written accounts, or even divine pronouncements.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΡΗΜΑΤΑ, ΕΠΗ, ΜΥΘΟΙ
G2198
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: zay-SEH-tai
Translations: he will live, she will live, it will live
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to live' or 'to be alive'. It refers to the act of existing, having life, or continuing to live. It is used to describe a person, animal, or even a concept that will continue to exist or experience life in the future.
Inflection: Future, Indicative, Middle/Passive (deponent), Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΒΙΟΩ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ
G3588, G3739, G2228
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection
Sounds like: AY
Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah
Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.
Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)
Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.
G5590
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: Ps-oo-KHEE
Translations: soul, life, mind, heart, a soul, a life
Notes: This word refers to the soul, the animating principle of a human or animal, often considered the seat of emotions, desires, and affections. It can also denote life itself, the individual person, or the mind/inner self. It is used in various contexts to refer to the breath of life, the spiritual part of a human being, or simply one's existence.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΝΕΥΜΑ, ΖΩΗ, ΚΑΡΔΙΑ
Etymology: From the verb ψύχω (psychō), meaning 'to breathe' or 'to blow', referring to the breath as the principle of life. It is related to the concept of breath as the essence of life.
G5216
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: hoo-MOHN
Translations: (of) you, your
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the second-person personal pronoun, meaning 'of you' or 'your' when referring to multiple people. It indicates possession, origin, or relationship concerning a group of people being addressed. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'the house of you' (your house) or 'from among you'.
Inflection: Second Person, Plural, Genitive
G1303
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: dee-ah-THEH-soh-my
Translations: I will make a covenant, I will arrange, I will dispose, I will appoint
Notes: This is a compound verb, formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and the verb τίθημι (tithēmi), meaning 'to place' or 'to put'. In the middle voice, it often means 'to make a covenant' or 'to arrange for oneself'. It describes an action where one sets something in order or establishes an agreement for their own benefit or involvement.
Inflection: Future, Middle Voice, Indicative, 1st Person Singular
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΠΟΙΕΩ
G5213
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: yoo-MEEN
Translations: (to) you, (for) you
Notes: This word is a second person plural pronoun, meaning 'you' (plural). It is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of a verb or the recipient of an action. It can be translated as 'to you' or 'for you', depending on the context.
Inflection: Plural, Dative
G1242
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: dee-ah-THEH-kane
Translations: covenant, a covenant, testament, a testament, will, a will, disposition, an arrangement
Notes: This word refers to a covenant, agreement, or testament, often implying a formal arrangement or disposition made by one party, which may or may not be reciprocated. In a religious context, it frequently refers to God's covenant with humanity. It can also refer to a last will and testament.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΘΗΚΗ, ΟΡΚΟΣ, ΔΙΑΤΑΓΜΑ
Etymology: From the Greek preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and the verb τίθημι (tithemi), meaning 'to place' or 'to set'. It originally referred to an arrangement or disposition, and later came to mean a covenant or testament.
G0166
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ahee-OH-nee-on
Translations: eternal, everlasting, age-long, perpetual
Notes: This word describes something that pertains to an age or period of time, often implying a duration that is either without end or of very long duration. It can refer to something that has always existed, will always exist, or is characteristic of a particular age. In many contexts, it is translated as 'eternal' or 'everlasting', emphasizing endless duration.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑἸΔΙΟΣ, ΑΚΑΤΑΛΥΤΟΣ
Etymology: Derived from the Koine Greek word ΑἸΩΝ (AIŌN), meaning 'age' or 'eternity'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.
G3741
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: O-SEE-ah
Translations: holy, pious, righteous, devout, sacred, pure, a holy thing, sacred things
Notes: This word describes something or someone as holy, pious, or righteous, especially in the sense of fulfilling one's duties towards God or the gods. It can refer to actions that are morally right and in accordance with divine law, or to things that are sacred. As an adjective, it modifies nouns, indicating their quality of holiness or piety. It can also function as a substantive, referring to 'holy things' or 'sacred duties'.
Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular; or Neuter, Nominative, Accusative, Vocative, Plural
Synonyms: ΑΓΙΟΣ, ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣ, ΕΥΣΕΒΗΣ
G1138
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: DAH-veed
Translations: David
Notes: This is a proper noun referring to David, the second king of the United Kingdom of Israel and Judah. He is a central figure in the Old Testament and is often referred to as 'the son of David' in the New Testament, particularly in reference to Jesus.
Inflection: Singular, indeclinable (does not change form for case or number)
Etymology: From Hebrew דָּוִד (Dawid), meaning 'beloved' or 'uncle'.
G4103
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PIS-tah
Translations: faithful, trustworthy, true, reliable, faithful things, true things, trustworthy things
Notes: This word is an adjective that describes something or someone as faithful, trustworthy, or reliable. It can refer to a person who is loyal and dependable, or to things that are true and certain. In the provided context, it appears to be used in the neuter plural, referring to 'faithful things' or 'true matters'.
Inflection: Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter, Plural; or Nominative or Vocative, Feminine, Singular
Synonyms: ΑΛΗΘΗΣ, ΒΕΒΑΙΟΣ, ΕΓΓΥΟΣ
G2400
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Part of Speech: Interjection, Adverb
Sounds like: ee-DOO
Translations: Behold, Look, See, Lo
Notes: ἸΔΟΥ is an interjection used to draw attention to something, often introducing a new or significant statement. It functions similarly to 'Behold!' or 'Look!' in English, signaling that what follows is important or noteworthy. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'here' or 'there'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἸΔΕ
Etymology: From the aorist imperative of the verb ὉΡΑΩ (HORAO), meaning 'to see'.
G3144
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: MAR-too-rah
Translations: witness, a witness, martyr, a martyr
Notes: This word refers to a witness, someone who gives testimony or provides evidence. In a broader sense, it can also refer to a martyr, someone who bears witness to their faith or convictions through suffering or death. It is used to describe a person who has seen or heard something and can attest to its truth.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΟΝ, ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: him, it, himself, itself
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun, typically meaning 'him' or 'it' when used as a personal pronoun. It can also be used intensively to mean 'himself' or 'itself', emphasizing the subject or object. It refers to a previously mentioned male person or a neuter object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter
G1484
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ETH-neh-see
Translations: to nations, for nations, among nations, nations, to Gentiles, for Gentiles, among Gentiles, Gentiles
Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the noun 'ἔθνος' (ethnos), meaning 'nation' or 'Gentile'. In the dative case, it indicates the indirect object, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', or 'among', showing the recipient or the sphere of action. It can refer to a group of people, a nation, or, especially in a biblical context, non-Jewish people (Gentiles).
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Neuter
Synonyms: ΛΑΟΙ, ΓΕΝΗ
G1325
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: deh-DOH-kah
Translations: I have given, I gave
Notes: ΔΕΔΩΚΑ is the first person singular perfect active indicative form of the verb ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, meaning 'to give'. The perfect tense in Koine Greek describes an action that was completed in the past but has ongoing results or a continuing state in the present. It indicates that the act of giving has been completed, and its effects are still relevant.
Inflection: Perfect, Active, Indicative, 1st Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩ, ΠΑΡΕΧΩ, ΧΑΡΙΖΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to the concept of 'giving'. It is a reduplicated form, characteristic of the perfect tense in Greek.
G1484
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ETH-nay
Translations: nations, peoples, Gentiles
Notes: This word refers to groups of people, tribes, or nations. In a biblical context, especially in the New Testament, it often refers to non-Israelite peoples, commonly translated as 'Gentiles'. It can be used generally to mean any group of people.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative
Synonyms: ΛΑΟΙ
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Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral, Prefix
Sounds like: AL-fah (as the letter name), ah (as the sound)
Translations: Alpha, A, one, un-, a-
Notes: This is the first letter of the Greek alphabet, equivalent to the English 'A'. It can also function as the numeral '1'. Furthermore, it is commonly used as a prefix (known as the 'alpha privative') when placed before a word, indicating negation, absence, or the opposite of the word's meaning, similar to the English prefixes 'un-' or 'a-'. For example, 'atheist' (without God) comes from 'a-' (without) and 'theos' (God).
Inflection: Does not inflect as a letter or numeral. As a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the word it precedes.
Etymology: The letter 'Alpha' is derived from the Phoenician letter 'aleph', which meant 'ox'. It was adopted by the Greeks and became the first letter of their alphabet.
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OOK
Translations: not, no
Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.
G1492
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: OY-dah-see
Translations: they know, they have known, they understand
Notes: This is the third person plural present active indicative form of the verb 'oida', meaning 'to know' or 'to understand'. It describes an action of knowing or having knowledge performed by a group of people. For example, 'they know the truth' or 'they understand the situation'. It often implies a state of knowing rather than the act of learning.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Present, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ
G4571
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: SEH
Translations: you
Notes: ΣΕ is the accusative singular form of the second-person pronoun, meaning 'you' when it is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition. It indicates the person to whom an action is done or directed.
Inflection: Second Person, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is the accusative form of the second-person singular pronoun.
G1941
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-pee-kah-LEH-son-tai
Translations: they will call upon, they will appeal to, they will invoke
Notes: This word means to call upon, appeal to, or invoke someone or something. It is often used in the context of calling upon God or a deity for help, or appealing to a higher authority. It can also mean to give a name to someone or something. In a sentence, it would describe a group of people performing the action of calling out to someone.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Future, Indicative, Middle Voice
Synonyms: ΚΑΛΕΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΑΛΕΩ, ΑΙΤΕΩ
G2992
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: lah-OY
Translations: peoples, a people, nations, a nation
Notes: This word refers to a people, nation, or a multitude of individuals. It is often used in the plural to denote various peoples or nations. In a religious context, it can refer to God's chosen people or to the Gentiles.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΘΝΗ, ΔΗΜΟΣ, ΠΛΗΘΟΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection
Sounds like: OY
Translations: the, who, they, oh
Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.
Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.
G2076
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ep-is-TAN-tai
Translations: they know, they understand, they are acquainted with, they are skilled in
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to know' or 'to understand'. It is often used to describe a deep understanding or skill in something, rather than just superficial knowledge. It can be used in sentences like 'they know the truth' or 'they are skilled in a craft'.
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Plural
Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΟΙΔΑ, ΜΑΝΘΑΝΩ
Etymology: The word ἐπίσταμαι (epistamai) is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'over', and the verb ἵσταμαι (histamai), meaning 'to stand'. The combination suggests 'to stand upon' or 'to stand over' something, implying a firm grasp or understanding.
G2607
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kah-tah-FEF-xohn-tai
Translations: they will flee for refuge, they will take refuge, they will resort to
Notes: This word describes the act of fleeing to a place or person for safety, protection, or help. It implies seeking refuge or shelter from danger or distress. It is often used in contexts where people or groups turn to a higher power or a strong entity for security.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Future, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice
Synonyms: ΦΕΥΓΩ, ΠΡΟΣΦΕΥΓΩ
G1909
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: eh-PEE
Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to
Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.
G1752
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: EN-eh-ken
Translations: because of, on account of, for the sake of, (of) for, (of) by reason of
Notes: ΕΝΕΚΕΝ is an improper preposition that typically takes the genitive case, meaning 'because of' or 'on account of'. It can also function as an adverb, meaning 'for this reason' or 'therefore'. It is used to express the cause or reason behind an action or state.
Inflection: Does not inflect; takes the genitive case when used as a preposition.
Synonyms: ΔΙΑ, ΧΑΡΙΝ
Etymology: The word ΕΝΕΚΕΝ is an ancient Greek word, likely formed from the preposition 'en' (in) and a form related to 'heka' (on account of). It has been in use since classical Greek and continued into Koine Greek.
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THAY-oo
Translations: of God, of a God
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'ΘΕΟΣ' (theos), meaning 'God' or 'a god'. In Koine Greek, the genitive case often indicates possession, origin, or relationship, similar to the English 'of' or the possessive apostrophe 's'. Therefore, 'ΘΕΟΥ' typically translates to 'of God' or 'of a god', depending on the context. It can refer to the one true God or to a pagan deity.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
G4771
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Part of Speech: Personal Pronoun
Sounds like: soo
Translations: of you, your, yours
Notes: ΣΟΥ is the genitive singular form of the second-person personal pronoun 'you'. It indicates possession or relationship, similar to 'your' or 'of you' in English. It can be used to show that something belongs to the person being addressed, or to indicate the object of certain prepositions or verbs that take the genitive case.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, All genders
G0040
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-GEE-oo
Translations: of holy, of a holy one, of a saint
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'holy' or 'sacred'. In its genitive form, as seen here, it often translates to 'of holy' or 'of a holy one/saint', indicating possession or origin. It can refer to things, places, or people that are set apart for God or dedicated to a divine purpose.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΙΕΡΟΣ, ΟΣΙΟΣ
G2474
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: Iss-rah-AYL
Translations: Israel
Notes: This word refers to Israel, which can denote the patriarch Jacob (who was renamed Israel), the nation descended from him, or the land occupied by that nation. It is used to refer to the people of God, the twelve tribes, or the northern kingdom of Israel as distinct from Judah. It is often used in contexts referring to the history, covenant, and identity of God's chosen people.
Inflection: Indeclinable
Etymology: The word is of Hebrew origin, meaning 'God strives' or 'he strives with God'. It was the new name given to Jacob after he wrestled with God (Genesis 32:28).
G1392
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-DOK-sah-seh
Translations: glorified, honored, magnified, exalted
Notes: This word means to glorify, honor, or magnify. It is often used in the context of giving praise or honor to God, or to someone in a position of authority, indicating that they have been elevated in status or reputation. It describes the act of bestowing glory or recognition upon someone or something.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΤΙΜΑΩ, ΥΨΟΩ, ΜΕΓΑΛΥΝΩ
Etymology: The word ΔΟΞΑΖΩ (doxazo) is derived from the noun ΔΟΞΑ (doxa), meaning 'glory' or 'opinion'. It signifies the act of attributing glory or honor.
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TOO-ton
Translations: this, this one, him, it
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, used to point out something specific that is near in proximity, time, or thought, or something that has just been mentioned. As a pronoun, it can stand in for a noun, meaning 'this one' or 'him/it'. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, meaning 'this' (e.g., 'this house'). In this form, it is masculine singular and in the accusative case, meaning it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΝ
G5210
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: yoo-MACE
Translations: you
Notes: This word is a second-person plural pronoun, meaning 'you' (referring to multiple people). It is used when the 'you' is the subject of the sentence, performing the action of the verb.
Inflection: Nominative, Plural, Second Person
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the Latin 'vos' and English 'you'.
G0818
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ee-tee-MOH-sah-teh
Translations: you dishonored, you disgraced, you treated shamefully, you insulted
Notes: This is a verb in the aorist active indicative, second person plural. It means 'you dishonored' or 'you treated shamefully'. It describes an action completed in the past by a group of people (you all) that involved bringing dishonor or disgrace upon someone or something. It can also imply insulting or treating with contempt.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 2nd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΑΤΙΜΟΩ, ΥΒΡΙΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΙΣΧΥΝΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: the
Notes: This word is the masculine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a particular masculine noun that is the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'he saw the man' or 'towards the God'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed to function as a marker of definiteness in Greek.
G3551
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: NOH-mon
Translations: law, a law, rule, principle
Notes: The word refers to a law, rule, or principle. In the context of the Bible, it often refers to the Mosaic Law or the Law of God, but it can also refer to a general principle or custom. It is used to denote a standard of conduct or a governing regulation.
Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Accusative
Synonyms: ΚΑΝΩΝ, ΔΙΚΑΙΩΜΑ, ΕΝΤΟΛΗ
Etymology: From a root meaning "to parcel out, distribute." It originally referred to anything assigned or apportioned, and later came to mean a custom, usage, or law.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TANE
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.
G2537
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: kai-NEEN
Translations: new, a new
Notes: This word describes something that is new in quality, fresh, or unprecedented, rather than merely new in time (which would be 'neos'). It refers to something that is superior or different from what came before. It is often used to describe a new covenant, a new creation, or a new way of living.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΝΕΟΣ, ΠΡΟΣΦΑΤΟΣ
G0040
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ha-GHEE-an
Translations: holy, sacred, set apart
Notes: This word describes something as holy, sacred, or set apart for a divine purpose. It is often used to refer to places, people, or things that are consecrated to God or are inherently pure and righteous. In the provided examples, it modifies nouns like 'city' and 'land', indicating that they are considered holy or sacred.
Inflection: Singular, Feminine, Accusative
Synonyms: ΙΕΡΟΣ, ΚΑΘΑΡΟΣ, ΟΣΙΟΣ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOO
Translations: (of) him, his, (of) it, its
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun. In this genitive singular form, it typically means 'of him,' 'his,' 'of it,' or 'its,' indicating possession or origin. It can refer to a male person or a neuter object/concept.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ (autos) is of uncertain origin, possibly from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'self'. It is an ancient Greek word that has been in continuous use.
G5350
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-FOW-lee-SAH-teh
Translations: you treated badly, you dishonored, you despised, you made light of
Notes: This word is a verb meaning to treat badly, to despise, or to dishonor. It implies a contemptuous or dismissive attitude towards something or someone, making light of its value or importance. It is used to describe an action where one shows disdain or disrespect.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 2nd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΑΤΙΜΑΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΦΡΟΝΕΩ
G3761
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction
Sounds like: oo-DEH
Translations: not even, neither, nor, and not
Notes: This is a compound word formed from the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the conjunction 'δέ' (but, and). It is used to emphasize a negation, meaning 'not even' or 'neither/nor'. It can connect clauses or phrases, indicating that something is also not true or not happening. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'He did not go, nor did he send anyone.'
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΜΗΔΕ, ΜΗ
Etymology: From the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the postpositive conjunction 'δέ' (but, and).
G3568
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: NOON
Translations: now, at present, at this time
Notes: ΝΥΝ is an adverb meaning 'now' or 'at present'. It refers to the current moment in time. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a conclusion in a discourse, indicating a shift to the present situation or a logical consequence.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΡΤΙ, ΗΔΗ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now'. It is cognate with Latin nunc and English 'now'.
G3858
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pa-ra-DEKH-es-theh
Translations: receive, accept, approve, admit, welcome
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'from', and the verb δέχομαι (dechomai), meaning 'to receive' or 'to take'. It means to receive, accept, or approve of something or someone. It implies a welcoming or favorable reception. It can be used in contexts of accepting a teaching, a person, or a proposition.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Indicative, Second Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΠΡΟΣΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ
G3340
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: meh-tah-no-EH-teh
Translations: Repent, you repent, change your mind
Notes: This word means to change one's mind, to feel remorse, or to repent. It implies a change of direction or purpose, often in a moral or spiritual sense. It is frequently used as a command or exhortation, urging a group of people to turn away from past actions or beliefs.
Inflection: Second Person, Plural, Present Tense, Active Voice, Imperative Mood
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΜΕΤΑΜΕΛΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: The word ΜΕΤΑΝΟΕΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΜΕΤΑ (meta), meaning 'with, after, or indicating change', and the verb ΝΟΕΩ (noeo), meaning 'to perceive, to think, to understand'. Thus, it literally means 'to change one's mind or perception'.
G4238
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: PRAX-an-tes
Translations: having done, having performed, having acted, those who did, those who performed, those who acted
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, indicating an action that was completed in the past by the subject. It describes someone who has already performed or carried out an action, often translated as "having done" or "those who did."
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΠΟΙΗΣΑΝΤΕΣ, ΕΡΓΑΣΑΜΕΝΟΙ
Etymology: The word ΠΡΑΣΣΩ (prassō) comes from an uncertain origin, possibly related to the root *prāg- meaning 'to do, to make'.
G2560
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: ka-KOS
Translations: badly, wrongly, wickedly, ill, severely
Notes: This word is an adverb derived from the adjective 'κακός' (kakos), meaning 'bad'. It describes an action or state that is done in a bad, evil, wrong, or harmful manner. It can also indicate suffering or being in a poor condition. For example, it might be used to say someone acted 'badly' or was 'ill'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (adverbial form of ΚΑΚΟΣ)
Synonyms: ΠΟΝΗΡΩΣ, ΑΣΕΒΩΣ
G1063
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: gar
Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.
G3775
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: OH-tah
Translations: ears, an ear
Notes: This word refers to the anatomical organ of hearing, the ear. In Koine Greek, it is commonly used in both literal and figurative senses, such as 'ears to hear' (meaning to understand or pay attention). ὨΤΑ is the plural form of the noun.
Inflection: Nominative or Accusative, Plural, Neuter
G5424
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pe-PHRAK-tai
Translations: it has been fenced in, it has been enclosed, it has been blocked up, it has been stopped, it has been shut up
Notes: This word is the third person singular, perfect passive indicative form of the verb φράσσω (phrassō). It describes an action that was completed in the past and has ongoing results in the present. It means that something has been enclosed, fenced in, blocked, or stopped, implying a state of being shut off or obstructed.
Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΚΛΕΙΩ, ΕΜΦΡΑΣΣΩ, ΦΡΑΓΝΥΜΙ
G3788
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: oph-thal-MOI
Translations: eyes
Notes: This word refers to the organs of sight. It is used to denote the physical eyes of a person or animal, and can also be used metaphorically to refer to understanding or perception.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine
Etymology: The word "ὈΦΘΑΛΜΟΣ" comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃ekʷ-, meaning "to see" or "eye". It is related to words for eye in other Indo-European languages.
G4087
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: peh-PEH-roh-n-tai
Translations: they have been crippled, they have been maimed, they have been blinded, they have been hardened
Notes: This word describes a state of being crippled, maimed, or having one's senses, particularly sight, impaired. It can also refer to a spiritual hardening or dulling of understanding. It is used to indicate that a group of people has been brought into this state.
Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΤΥΦΛΟΩ, ΣΚΟΤΙΖΩ
Etymology: The word πηρόω (pēroō) comes from the adjective πηρός (pēros), meaning 'maimed' or 'blind'.
G3975
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: peh-PAH-khoo-tai
Translations: has become dull, has become hardened, has become fat, has become gross
Notes: This word describes a state of dullness, insensitivity, or hardening, often in a spiritual or intellectual sense. It implies a loss of perception or responsiveness, as if the mind or heart has become thick or unfeeling. It is used to describe a condition where understanding or spiritual insight is impaired.
Inflection: Perfect, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΠΩΡΟΩ, ΑΜΑΥΡΟΩ
G2588
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kar-DEE-ah
Translations: heart, a heart, mind, inner self, center
Notes: This word refers to the physical organ, the heart, but more commonly in Koine Greek, it signifies the inner person, the seat of thoughts, emotions, will, and moral character. It can represent the mind, soul, or the core of one's being. It is often used metaphorically to describe the center of something, like the 'heart of the sea'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΨΥΧΗ, ΝΟΥΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'heart'.
G2896
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: keh-KRAH-gen
Translations: has cried out, has shouted, has screamed
Notes: ΚΕΚΡΑΓΕΝ is the third person singular perfect active indicative form of the verb κράζω. It means 'he/she/it has cried out' or 'he/she/it has shouted'. The perfect tense indicates an action completed in the past with continuing results or a present state resulting from a past action. It describes a loud, often urgent, vocal expression.
Inflection: Perfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΒΟΑΩ, ΚΕΚΡΑΓΑ, ΦΩΝΕΩ
Etymology: The verb κράζω is of imitative origin, mimicking the sound of a cry or shout. It is related to other words denoting loud noises or calls.
G2408
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ee-er-eh-MEE-as
Translations: Jeremiah
Notes: This is the name of a major prophet in the Old Testament, known for his prophecies of judgment and restoration for Judah. The book of Jeremiah in the Bible is attributed to him. It is used to refer directly to the prophet himself.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative
Etymology: From Hebrew Yirmeyahu (יִרְמְיָהוּ), meaning 'Yahweh will exalt' or 'Yahweh will lift up'.
G3761
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction
Sounds like: OOD
Translations: not, no, nor, neither, not even
Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It is often used in combination with other negative words to strengthen the negation, such as in the phrase "οὐ μή" (ou mē), which conveys a strong, emphatic negation, often translated as "never" or "by no means." It can also function as a conjunction meaning "nor" or "neither," connecting two negative clauses or ideas.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΜΗ
Etymology: From the negative particle οὐ (ou) and the particle δέ (de), meaning 'but' or 'and'. It emphasizes the negation.
G3779
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OO-tohs
Translations: thus, so, in this way, in such a way
Notes: This adverb indicates manner or degree, meaning 'in this way,' 'thus,' or 'so.' It can refer back to something previously mentioned or forward to something about to be stated. It often introduces a consequence or result, showing how something is done or to what extent.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΩΣ
Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun ΟΥΤΟΣ (OUTOS), meaning 'this' or 'that'.
G0191
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-KOO-eh-teh
Translations: hear, listen, obey
Notes: This word means to hear, to listen, or to obey. It is used as a command or instruction directed at multiple people, telling them to pay attention or to follow instructions. It can also imply understanding or perceiving something through sound.
Inflection: Present, Active, Imperative, Second Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΚΟΥΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΧΩ
G3918
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: par-ES-tin
Translations: is present, is at hand, is near, is here, is come
Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the preposition ΠΑΡΑ (para, meaning 'beside' or 'near') and the verb ΕΙΜΙ (eimi, meaning 'to be'). It means 'to be present', 'to be at hand', or 'to be near'. It is often used to indicate that something is imminent or has arrived.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΕΓΓΥΣ, ΕΦΕΣΤΗΚΕΝ, ΗΚΕΙ
Etymology: The word ΠΑΡΕΙΜΙ is a compound of the Greek preposition ΠΑΡΑ (para), meaning 'beside' or 'near', and the verb ΕΙΜΙ (eimi), meaning 'to be'. Its meaning is derived directly from the combination of these two elements.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter
Sounds like: OH
Translations: the, who, which, O
Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)
Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.
G3550
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: noh-moh-THEH-tays
Translations: lawgiver, a lawgiver
Notes: This word refers to someone who establishes or enacts laws. It can describe a person who creates a legal system or a divine being who gives commandments. It is typically used in a nominative case to identify the subject as the lawgiver.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΝΟΜΟΔΟΤΗΣ
Etymology: This is a compound word derived from two Greek words: ΝΟΜΟΣ (NOMOS), meaning 'law', and ΤΙΘΗΜΙ (TITHĒMI), meaning 'to place' or 'to set'. Thus, it literally means 'one who places or sets laws'.
G3708
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: oh-RAH-teh
Translations: see, look, beware, take heed, perceive, observe
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to see' or 'to look'. It is often used in the imperative to tell someone to 'look!' or 'behold!', or to 'beware' or 'take heed' of something. It can also mean to perceive or observe something with the mind.
Inflection: Present, Active, Imperative, Second Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ, ΕΙΔΟΝ
Etymology: From an ancient root meaning 'to see'.
G4434
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: PTO-khoi
Translations: poor, a poor person, beggars, the poor
Notes: This word describes someone who is poor, destitute, or a beggar. It emphasizes a state of abject poverty, often implying a complete lack of resources and dependence on others. It can be used to describe individuals or a group of people who are in such a state.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΠΕΝΗΣ, ΕΝΔΕΗΣ
G2097
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: yoo-ang-geh-LI-zon-tai
Translations: they preach the gospel, they announce good news, they bring good tidings
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to preach the gospel,' 'to announce good news,' or 'to bring good tidings.' It describes the act of proclaiming a message of good news, often with a spiritual or salvific connotation. It is used to describe the activity of those who share the Christian message.
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Plural
Synonyms: ΚΗΡΥΣΣΩ, ΛΑΛΕΩ, ἈΝΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ
G5185
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: TY-floy
Translations: blind, the blind
Notes: This word describes someone who is unable to see. It is used to refer to individuals who are visually impaired or, metaphorically, to those who lack spiritual or intellectual understanding. In the provided examples, it refers to people who are literally blind.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΟΡΑΤΟΣ, ΑΝΟΜΜΑΤΟΣ
G0991
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: bleh-POO-see
Translations: they see, they look, they perceive, they behold, they consider
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to see', 'to look', 'to perceive', or 'to pay attention'. It is used to describe the act of visual perception or mental understanding. It can also imply a careful consideration or observation of something.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΟΡΑΩ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ, ΕΙΔΩ
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OO
Translations: not, no
Notes: ΟΥ̓ is a negative particle used to express a factual negation. It typically negates verbs in the indicative mood, stating that something is not true or does not happen. It can also negate other parts of speech. When combined with ΜΉ (ou mē), it forms a very strong negation, meaning "by no means" or "never."
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ, ΟΥ̓Κ, ΟΥ̓ΧΊ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a fundamental negative particle in Greek.
G4920
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: soon-ee-EH-teh
Translations: you understand, you perceive, you comprehend, understand!, perceive!, comprehend!
Notes: This word means to understand, perceive, or comprehend. It implies putting things together mentally to grasp a concept or meaning. It is often used in contexts where someone is urged to grasp the significance of something being said or done, or to indicate a lack of understanding. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ΣΥΝ (together with) and the verb ΙΗΜΙ (to send, to put), literally meaning 'to send together' or 'to put together in the mind'.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative or Imperative, 2nd Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΝΟΕΩ, ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΜΑΝΘΑΝΩ
G1208
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: dehf-TEH-ras
Translations: second, a second, (of) second
Notes: This word means 'second' and is used to indicate the ordinal position in a sequence. It can refer to a second person, thing, or event. In the genitive case, as seen in 'ΔΕΥΤΕΡΑΣ', it often indicates possession or origin, meaning 'of the second' or 'from the second'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
G2235
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: AY-day
Translations: already, now, by this time, forthwith, even now
Notes: This word is an adverb used to indicate that something has happened or is happening at the present moment, or has happened prior to the present moment. It can convey a sense of immediacy or completion. For example, it can mean 'already' when referring to something that has taken place, or 'now' when emphasizing the current time.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΝΥΝ, ΑΥΤΙΚΑ, ΕΥΘΕΩΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁eh₂dʰ- (to be present, to be here). It is related to the demonstrative pronoun 'ho' (this) and the particle 'de' (now, indeed).
G5532
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHREH-yah
Translations: need, a need, necessity, a necessity, use, a use, service, a service, business, a business, lack, a lack
Notes: This word is a feminine noun that refers to a need, necessity, or a useful purpose. It can also denote a service or a business matter. It is often used to describe something that is required or beneficial, or a situation where something is lacking.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΓΚΗ, ΔΕΗΣΙΣ, ΕΡΓΟΝ
Etymology: The word ΧΡΕΙΑ derives from the Greek verb χράομαι (chraomai), meaning 'to use, to need'. It is related to the concept of utility and what is necessary or useful.
G4061
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: peh-ree-toh-MACE
Translations: of circumcision, a circumcision
Notes: This word refers to the act of circumcision, a religious or cultural practice involving the removal of the foreskin. It can also refer to the state of being circumcised. In a broader sense, it can be used metaphorically to describe a spiritual cutting away or purification.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΚΡΟΒΥΣΤΙΑ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek περιτέμνω (peritemnō, “to cut around”), from περί (perí, “around”) + τέμνω (témnō, “to cut”).
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun
Sounds like: TAY
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which
Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.
G4561
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: sar-KEE
Translations: flesh, body, a body, human nature, carnal nature
Notes: This word refers to flesh, the physical body, or human nature in general. It can also denote the carnal or sinful aspect of human nature, especially in a theological context. It is often used to distinguish the physical from the spiritual.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΩΜΑ, ΧΡΩΣ
G3173
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: MEH-gah
Translations: great, large, mighty, important, a great, a large
Notes: This word describes something as great, large, or mighty in size, extent, or importance. It can refer to physical size, but also to significance, power, or intensity. It is often used to emphasize the magnitude of something, such as a great storm, a great fear, or a great city. This particular form, ΜΕΓΑ, is the neuter nominative or accusative singular form of the adjective.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΙΣΧΥΡΟΣ, ΜΕΓΑΛΟΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *meǵh₂- (great). It is related to Latin magnus and English much.
G5426
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: phro-NEH-ee-teh
Translations: think, understand, have a mindset, be minded, set one's mind on, be intent on, consider, be prudent, be wise
Notes: This word describes the act of thinking, understanding, or having a particular mindset or disposition. It can refer to the way one thinks about something, their attitude, or their focus. It is often used to convey the idea of being prudent or wise in one's thoughts and actions. It can also mean to be intent on or devoted to something.
Inflection: Present, Active, Imperative, Second Person Plural
Synonyms: ΝΟΕΩ, ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΣΥΝΙΗΜΙ
G4519
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: sahb-bah-TID-zane
Translations: to keep the Sabbath, to rest on the Sabbath, to observe the Sabbath
Notes: This word means to keep or observe the Sabbath day, which involves resting from work and engaging in religious activities. It is used to describe the act of adhering to the Sabbath commandment, particularly in the context of Jewish law.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Etymology: From ΣΑΒΒΑΤΟΝ (SABBATON), meaning 'Sabbath', which is of Hebrew origin. The suffix -ιζω (-izo) indicates a verb meaning 'to do' or 'to make' something related to the root.
G5210
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: hoo-MAS
Translations: you, you all
Notes: This is a second-person plural personal pronoun, meaning 'you' or 'you all'. It is in the accusative case, indicating that it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used in a sentence like 'He saw you all'.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Second Person, All genders
G2537
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: KAI-nos
Translations: new, fresh, a new, an new
Notes: This word describes something that is new in quality, fresh, or unprecedented, rather than new in terms of age (for which a different Greek word, ΝΕΟΣ, is used). It often implies something superior or different from what came before. It can be used to describe things like a new covenant, a new creation, or new teachings.
Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΦΑΤΟΣ, ΑΚΑΙΝΟΤΟΜΗΤΟΣ
Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the concept of 'freshness' or 'newness'.
G3551
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: NOH-mos
Translations: law, a law, principle, custom
Notes: This word refers to a law, a principle, or a custom. It can denote a specific legal code, such as the Mosaic Law, or a general principle or rule. It is often used in a religious or ethical context, referring to divine commandments or established norms of conduct.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΝΤΟΛΗ, ΔΙΚΑΙΩΜΑ, ΚΑΝΩΝ
Etymology: The word ΝΟΜΟΣ (nomos) comes from the Greek verb νέμω (nemō), meaning 'to distribute, to assign, to apportion'. It originally referred to that which is distributed or assigned, and thus came to mean an established custom or law.
G1223
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: dee-AH
Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-tos
Translations: (of) all, (of) every, (of) whole, (of) each
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the adjective 'ΠΑΣ' (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'. As a genitive form, it indicates possession or relationship, often translated with 'of'. It can refer to a part of a whole, or to the entirety of something. For example, 'of all things' or 'of every person'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G2309
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-THEH-lei
Translations: he wills, she wills, it wills, he wishes, she wishes, it wishes, he desires, she desires, it desires, he wants, she wants, it wants, he is willing, she is willing, it is willing
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to will,' 'to wish,' 'to desire,' or 'to be willing.' It is used to express a person's intention, desire, or consent to do something. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'He wills to go' or 'She desires to help.'
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΟΜΑΙ, ΘΕΛΩ
Etymology: The word ἘΘΕΛΩ (ethelo) is an ancient Greek verb, likely related to the root *thel- which conveys the idea of will or desire. It is a common verb in Koine Greek.
G3392
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: mee-AH-n
Translations: to defile, to pollute, to contaminate, to stain
Notes: This word describes the act of making something unclean, impure, or unholy. It can refer to physical defilement, such as staining or polluting, or to moral and spiritual defilement, such as corrupting or profaning. It is often used in a religious context to describe ritual impurity or sin.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΜΟΛΥΝΩ, ΡΥΠΑΙΝΩ, ΒΕΒΗΛΟΩ
Etymology: The word 'μιαίνω' (miainō) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It is related to the concept of defilement and impurity.
G0691
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: ar-GOON-tes
Translations: being idle, doing nothing, being inactive, idle, inactive
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'being idle' or 'doing nothing'. It describes someone who is not working or is inactive. It can function adjectivally, describing a noun (e.g., 'idle people'), or adverbially, describing the action of a verb (e.g., 'they sat, being idle').
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΑΡΓΟΙ, ΑΠΡΑΓΜΟΝΕΣ
Etymology: The word ἀργέω (argeō) comes from ἀργός (argos), meaning 'idle' or 'inactive', which is a compound of ἀ- (a-, 'not') and ἔργον (ergon, 'work'). Thus, it literally means 'not working'.
G2250
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: HEE-meh-ran
Translations: day, a day
Notes: This is a feminine noun meaning 'day'. It refers to a period of 24 hours, or more generally, a specific point in time or an era. It is used as the direct object of a verb or after certain prepositions that take the accusative case.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΑΙΡΟΣ, ΧΡΟΝΟΣ
G2151
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: yoo-SEB-eh-in
Translations: to be devout, to show piety, to worship, to act piously
Notes: This word means to be devout, to show piety, or to act in a godly manner. It describes the act of revering God or gods, and living a life that reflects religious devotion and moral uprightness. It can be used in sentences to describe someone's actions or character in relation to their religious beliefs.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΘΡΗΣΚΕΥΩ, ΣΕΒΟΜΑΙ, ΛΑΤΡΕΥΩ
Etymology: The word Εὐσεβέω (eusebeō) is derived from the Greek words εὖ (eu), meaning 'well' or 'good', and σέβομαι (sebomai), meaning 'to worship' or 'to revere'. Thus, it literally means 'to worship well' or 'to revere rightly'.
G1380
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: doh-KAY-teh
Translations: you think, you seem, it seems to you, do you think
Notes: This verb means 'to think', 'to seem', or 'to appear'. It can be used personally, meaning 'you think' or 'you seem', or impersonally, meaning 'it seems to you'. It often introduces a question or an opinion.
Inflection: 2nd Person Plural, Present Active Indicative
Synonyms: ΝΟΜΙΖΩ, ΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: From the root ΔΟΚ-, meaning 'to seem' or 'to appear'.
G3361
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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb
Sounds like: MAY
Translations: not, lest, no, do not
Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.
G3539
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: noh-OON-tes
Translations: understanding, perceiving, thinking, comprehending, those who understand, those who perceive
Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'νοέω' (noeo), meaning 'to perceive, understand, think, or comprehend'. As a participle, it describes an ongoing action and can function adjectivally (describing a noun) or adverbially (modifying a verb). In this form, it refers to 'those who are understanding' or 'those who are perceiving'. It is often used to describe someone who is actively engaged in mental processing or comprehension.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΙΕΝΤΕΣ, ΓΙΝΩΣΚΟΝΤΕΣ
G5101
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TEE
Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing
Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.
G4367
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pros-eh-TAH-gee
Translations: it was commanded, he was commanded, she was commanded, it was ordered, he was ordered, she was ordered
Notes: This word is the 3rd person singular aorist passive indicative form of the verb 'prostassō', meaning 'to command' or 'to order'. It describes an action that was completed in the past, where the subject of the verb was the recipient of a command or order. For example, 'it was commanded' or 'he/she was ordered'.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΚΕΛΕΥΩ, ΕΝΤΕΛΛΟΜΑΙ
G1437
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: eh-AHN
Translations: if, when, whenever, although
Notes: ἘΑΝ is a conditional conjunction used to introduce a protasis (the 'if' clause) in a conditional sentence. It typically takes the subjunctive mood, indicating a condition that is possible, probable, or hypothetical. It can be translated as 'if', 'when', or 'whenever', depending on the nuance of the condition, and sometimes 'although' in concessive clauses.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΙ, ὍΤΑΝ
Etymology: ἘΑΝ is a contraction of the conditional particle εἰ (ei, 'if') and the modal particle ἄν (an), which adds a sense of contingency or possibility to the condition.
G0106
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-ZOO-mon
Translations: unleavened, without leaven, unleavened bread, a thing without leaven
Notes: This word describes something made without yeast or leaven, most commonly referring to bread. It is particularly significant in the context of Jewish Passover traditions, where only unleavened bread (matzah) was consumed. It can be used to describe any food item prepared without leavening agents.
Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The word ἄζυμος (azymos) is a compound word formed from the privative alpha (ἀ-) meaning 'not' or 'without', and ζύμη (zymē) meaning 'leaven' or 'yeast'. Thus, it literally means 'without leaven'.
G0740
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: AR-ton
Translations: bread, a bread, loaf, a loaf, food
Notes: This word refers to bread, a loaf, or more generally, food. It is a common term used to describe sustenance. In a sentence, it would typically function as the direct object of a verb, indicating what is being eaten or provided.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΣΙΤΟΣ, ΒΡΩΜΑ
G2068
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: fah-GEE-teh
Translations: you eat, you may eat, eat
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to eat' or 'to consume'. It is used to describe the act of taking in food. In the provided context, it appears in a subjunctive mood, indicating a potential or hypothetical action, often translated as 'you may eat' or 'if you eat'.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Subjunctive, 2nd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΒΙΒΡΩΣΚΩ, ΤΡΩΓΩ
G4137
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pep-lay-RO-kay-nai
Translations: to have fulfilled, to have completed, to have filled, to have made full, to have accomplished
Notes: This is the perfect active infinitive form of the verb 'πληρόω' (plēroō). It describes an action that has been completed in the past and whose results are still relevant or ongoing. It is often used to express the idea of bringing something to its full measure, completion, or fulfillment.
Inflection: Perfect, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΤΕΛΕΩ, ΕΚΠΛΗΡΟΩ, ΑΝΑΠΛΗΡΟΩ
Etymology: From 'πλήρης' (plērēs), meaning 'full', and the suffix '-όω' (-oō), which forms verbs. The word signifies the act of making something full or complete.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G2307
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: the-LEE-mah
Translations: will, desire, purpose, a will, a desire, a purpose
Notes: This word refers to a will, desire, or purpose, often implying a deliberate intention or choice. It can be used to describe the will of God, the will of a person, or a general intention. It is frequently used in contexts relating to divine purpose or human obedience to that purpose.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΗ, ΕΠΙΘΥΜΙΑ
Etymology: From the verb θέλω (thelō), meaning 'to will, wish, desire'. It denotes the result or object of willing.
G2068
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: PHA-teh
Translations: eat, devour, consume
Notes: This is the second person plural aorist active imperative form of the verb 'ἐσθίω' (esthiō), meaning 'to eat'. It is used to give a command to a group of people, instructing them to eat. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'Eat your food!'
Inflection: Second Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Imperative
Synonyms: ΒΙΒΡΩΣΚΩ, ΚΑΤΕΣΘΙΩ
G5124
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TOO-toys
Translations: (to) these, (for) these, (with) these, (by) these
Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective meaning 'this' or 'that'. It points to something specific, indicating 'these things' or 'these people'. As a dative case, it often indicates the indirect object of a verb, the recipient of an action, or the means/instrument by which something is done. It can be translated as 'to these', 'for these', 'with these', or 'by these', depending on the context.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
Synonyms: ΟΥ͂ΤΟΙ, ἘΚΕΊΝΟΙΣ
G2106
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: yoo-DOH-kee
Translations: to be well pleased, to approve, to delight in, to take pleasure in, to think good, to resolve
Notes: This verb means to be well pleased with something or someone, to approve of it, or to take delight in it. It often implies a favorable disposition or a decision made with good will. It can be used to express divine approval or human preference.
Inflection: Third Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΑΡΕΣΚΩ, ΘΕΛΩ, ΒΟΥΛΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: The word Εὐδοκέω (eudokeō) is a compound of the prefix εὖ (eu), meaning 'well' or 'good', and δοκέω (dokeō), meaning 'to seem, to think, to suppose'. Thus, it literally means 'to seem good' or 'to think well'.
G2962
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Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective
Sounds like: KOO-ree-oss
Translations: Lord, a Lord, master, a master, owner, an owner, sir
Notes: This word refers to a person who has authority, control, or ownership over something or someone. It is frequently used in the New Testament to refer to God or Jesus Christ, signifying their supreme authority and sovereignty. It can also be used in a more general sense for a human master or owner.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΑΥΘΕΝΤΗΣ
Etymology: The word ΚΥΡΙΟΣ derives from the Greek word κῦρος (kyros), meaning 'supreme power' or 'authority'. It signifies one who possesses power and authority, thus a lord or master.
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THEH-os
Translations: God, a God, Lord
Notes: ΘΕΟΣ (theos) is a singular noun meaning 'God' or 'a god'. In Koine Greek, it is frequently used to refer to the singular, supreme God, often with the definite article. It can also refer to a generic deity or even a human figure considered divine. It functions as a subject or object in sentences, depending on its case.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΠΑΤΗΡ
Etymology: The word ΘΕΟΣ is believed to derive from a Proto-Indo-European root, though its precise origin is debated. It has cognates in various Indo-European languages.
G2249
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: hay-MOHN
Translations: of us, our
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the first-person personal pronoun, meaning 'of us' or 'our'. It indicates possession or origin related to a group of speakers. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'the house of us' or 'our house'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, First Person
G1519, G1487, G1488
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb
Sounds like: E
Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are
Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).
G5101
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Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective
Sounds like: TEES
Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing
Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.
Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.
Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ES-tin
Translations: is, a is
Notes: This word is the third person singular present indicative form of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It means 'he is', 'she is', 'it is', or 'there is'. It is used to express existence, identity, or a state of being, often linking a subject to a predicate. It can also imply 'exists' or 'happens'.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
G1965
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: ep-EE-or-kos
Translations: perjured, a perjurer, false swearer
Notes: This word is a compound word, formed from 'ἘΠΙ' (upon, over) and 'ΟΡΚΟΣ' (oath). It describes someone who has sworn a false oath or broken an oath. It can be used as an adjective to describe a person as 'perjured' or as a noun meaning 'a perjurer' or 'a false swearer'.
Inflection: Masculine or Feminine, Nominative, Singular
Synonyms: ΨΕΥΔΗΣ, ἈΝΟΜΟΣ
Etymology: The word ἘΠΙΟΡΚΟΣ is derived from the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'over', and the noun ΟΡΚΟΣ (orkos), meaning 'oath'. It literally means 'upon an oath' or 'over an oath', referring to the act of swearing falsely or breaking an oath.
G2228, G3588
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Definite Article, Numeral
Sounds like: AY
Translations: or, the, 8
Notes: This word can function as a conjunction meaning 'or', indicating an alternative or choice between two or more options. It can also be the feminine nominative singular form of the definite article 'the', used to specify a feminine noun that is the subject of a sentence. The '̓' (coronis) indicates that this form is an elision, meaning it's a shortened form of a word like ἤ (e.g., when followed by a vowel). Additionally, the '̓' could be a keraia, indicating the numeral 8.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as conjunction or numeral); Singular, Nominative, Feminine (as definite article)
Etymology: The conjunction ἤ (e.g., from which Ἠ is an elision) is of uncertain origin. The definite article ἡ (from which Ἠ is an elision) comes from Proto-Indo-European. The numeral meaning is derived from the Greek letter eta (Η), which was used to represent the number 8.
G2812
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KLEP-tace
Translations: thief, a thief
Notes: This word refers to a person who steals, a thief. It is used to describe someone who takes what does not belong to them, often secretly or by stealth. It can be used in a literal sense for someone who commits robbery, or metaphorically for someone who acts deceptively or takes advantage of others.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΛΗΣΤΗΣ, ΑΡΠΑΞ
Etymology: From the verb κλέπτω (kleptō), meaning 'to steal'.
G3973
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pow-SAH-sthoh
Translations: let him cease, let it stop, let him stop, let it cease
Notes: This word is a verb meaning to cease, stop, or restrain. It is used as a command or an entreaty for someone or something to stop an action. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'Let him stop speaking' or 'Let the war cease'.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Imperative, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΠΑΥΩ, ΛΗΓΩ, ΚΩΛΥΩ
G3432
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: MOY-khos
Translations: adulterer, a male adulterer
Notes: This word refers to a male who commits adultery. It is used to describe someone who engages in illicit sexual relations, particularly with a married person. It can be used in a literal sense for a person who breaks marital vows, or metaphorically for someone unfaithful to God.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΠΟΡΝΟΣ, ΑΣΕΛΓΗΣ
Etymology: The word ΜΟΙΧΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly related to a root meaning 'to go astray' or 'to be defiled'. It has been used since ancient Greek times to refer to an adulterer.
G3340
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: meh-tah-no-EH-sah-toh
Translations: let him repent, he must repent, let him change his mind
Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning to repent, to change one's mind, or to feel remorse. It is often used in a spiritual or moral sense, referring to a change of heart and direction in life, particularly turning away from sin. It is used as a command or exhortation for a third party to perform this action.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Imperative, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΜΕΤΑΜΕΛΟΜΑΙ
G4519
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: seh-sahb-BAH-tee-keh
Translations: has kept Sabbath, has observed the Sabbath
Notes: This word is the third person singular, perfect active indicative form of the verb 'sabbatizo'. It means 'to keep Sabbath' or 'to observe the Sabbath'. It describes an action that has been completed in the past and whose effects continue into the present, indicating that someone has fulfilled the requirement of resting on the Sabbath.
Inflection: Singular, 3rd Person, Perfect, Active, Indicative
Etymology: The word 'sabbatizo' is derived from 'sabbaton' (G4521), meaning 'Sabbath', which itself comes from the Hebrew word 'shabbat'. It refers to the practice of observing the day of rest.
G5172
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: troo-feh-RAH
Translations: delicate, tender, luxurious, soft, a delicate one
Notes: This word describes something that is soft, delicate, or tender, often implying a pampered or luxurious quality. It can refer to physical characteristics, such as tender skin, or to a lifestyle characterized by comfort and ease. It is used to describe individuals who are accustomed to a life of luxury and are not hardened by hardship.
Inflection: Singular, Feminine, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΠΑΛΟΣ, ΜΑΛΑΚΟΣ
G0228
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-lay-thee-NAH
Translations: true, real, genuine, a true thing, real things
Notes: This word describes something as true, real, or genuine, in contrast to what is false, counterfeit, or imaginary. It emphasizes the authenticity and reality of a person, thing, or concept. It can refer to something that is divinely true or truly existing.
Inflection: Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative; Neuter; Plural
Synonyms: ἈΛΗΘΗΣ, ΓΝΗΣΙΟΣ, ΕΤΥΜΟΣ
Etymology: The word ἈΛΗΘΙΝΟΣ is derived from the Greek word ἈΛΗΘΗΣ (alēthēs), meaning 'true', which itself comes from the prefix 'a-' (not) and λήθη (lēthē), meaning 'forgetfulness' or 'oblivion'. Thus, it literally means 'not hidden' or 'not forgotten', implying something that is revealed and therefore true.
G4521
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: sah-BBAH-tah
Translations: Sabbaths, a Sabbath, the Sabbath, week
Notes: This word refers to the Sabbath, the seventh day of the week, observed by Jews as a day of rest and worship. In the plural form, it can refer to multiple Sabbaths or, by extension, to a 'week' as the period between Sabbaths. It is often used in contexts relating to religious observances or the passage of time.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The word 'Σάββατον' (Sabbaton) is a transliteration of the Hebrew word 'שַׁבָּת' (Shabbat), meaning 'rest' or 'cessation'. It entered Greek through the Septuagint, the Koine Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible.
G2513
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ka-tha-RAS
Translations: clean, pure, clear, innocent, unmixed, undefiled
Notes: This word describes something as being clean, pure, or free from defilement, whether physically, morally, or ritually. It can refer to a state of being unmixed or unadulterated. It is used to describe things that are ceremonially pure or morally upright.
Inflection: Singular, Feminine, Genitive or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΓΝΟΣ, ΑΜΙΑΝΤΟΣ, ΑΜΟΛΥΝΤΟΣ
G2192
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EKH-ei
Translations: he has, she has, it has, he holds, she holds, it holds, he possesses, she possesses, it possesses
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to have', 'to hold', or 'to possess'. It is used to indicate ownership, possession, or a state of being. For example, it can describe someone having an object, a quality, or a particular condition.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΚΤΩΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ
G5495
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHEI-ras
Translations: hands
Notes: This word refers to hands, the physical appendages at the end of the arm. It is used in various contexts, often literally for actions involving the hands, but also metaphorically to signify power, control, or agency. For example, something might be 'in the hands of' someone, meaning under their control.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine
G3068
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: loo-SAS-thoh
Translations: let him wash himself, he must wash himself, he should wash himself
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'louō', meaning 'to wash' or 'to bathe'. It is used to command or instruct someone to wash themselves. It implies a reflexive action, where the subject performs the action upon themselves.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Imperative Mood, 3rd Person, Singular
Etymology: The word 'louō' comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to wash'.
G2513
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ka-tha-ROS
Translations: clean, pure, clear, innocent, undefiled, guiltless
Notes: This word describes something or someone that is clean, pure, or free from defilement, whether physical, moral, or ritual. It can refer to a person who is innocent or guiltless, or to an object that is unmixed or unadulterated. It is used to describe a state of being free from impurity.
Inflection: Nominative, Singular, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΓΝΟΣ, ΑΜΙΑΝΤΟΣ, ΑΜΩΜΟΣ
Etymology: From an unused root, meaning to purify. It refers to a state of being free from defilement.
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