Dialogue with Trypho the Jew Chapter 38, Interlinear version from Justin Martyr (Beta)

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G5172

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Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: TROO-fone

Translations: Tryphon

Notes: Tryphon is a masculine proper noun, referring to a specific individual. In the provided examples, it functions as the subject of sentences, indicating a person's name. It is used to identify a historical figure, specifically a general who later became a king in the Seleucid Empire.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Tryphon is of Greek origin, derived from the verb 'τρυφάω' (tryphaō), meaning 'to live luxuriously' or 'to live delicately'. It implies a person who is delicate, luxurious, or effeminate.

G3982

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: peys-THEN-tas

Translations: having been persuaded, having obeyed, having trusted, having been convinced, having yielded, having submitted

Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle derived from the verb 'ΠΕΙΘΩ' (peithō), which means 'to persuade' or 'to convince'. As a passive participle, it describes someone who has been persuaded or convinced. In a deponent sense, it can also mean 'to obey' or 'to trust', referring to someone who has obeyed or trusted. It functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb to indicate an action completed in the past that resulted in the state of being persuaded or obedient.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΕΠΟΙΘΟΤΑΣ, ΥΠΑΚΟΥΣΑΝΤΑΣ

G3550

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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: noh-moh-theh-TEH-sah-see

Translations: having legislated, having enacted laws, having given laws, having established laws

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'nomotheteō', meaning 'to legislate' or 'to enact laws'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred, functioning like an adjective or adverb to modify a noun or verb. It indicates someone who has performed the act of law-giving or establishing legal principles.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Dative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΘΕΣΠΙΣΑΣΙ, ΔΙΑΤΑΞΑΣΙ

Etymology: The word νομοθετέω (nomotheteō) is a compound word formed from νόμος (nomos), meaning 'law', and τίθημι (tithēmi), meaning 'to place' or 'to set'. Thus, it literally means 'to set law' or 'to lay down law'.

G3367

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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: may-DEH-nee

Translations: to no one, to nothing, for no one, for nothing, by no one, by nothing, with no one, with nothing, in no one, in nothing

Notes: This word is an indefinite negative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'no one' or 'nothing'. It is used to express a complete absence or negation of something or someone. It is often used in prohibitions or to state that something is not done by anyone or to anything. As a pronoun, it stands in place of a noun, and as an adjective, it modifies a noun. It is a compound word formed from the negative particle ΜΗ (mē, 'not') and ΕΙΣ (heis, 'one').

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΙΣ, ΟΥΔΕΝΙ

G3366

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: MEE-deh

Translations: neither, nor, not even, and not

Notes: ΜΗΔΕ is a compound word formed from the negative particle μή (mē, 'not') and the conjunction δέ (de, 'but, and'). It is used to introduce a negative clause, often following another negative clause, conveying the sense of 'neither...nor' or 'not even'. It is primarily used with non-indicative moods, such as the imperative or subjunctive, to express prohibitions or negative conditions.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕ

Etymology: ΜΗΔΕ is a compound word derived from the negative particle μή (mē), meaning 'not', and the postpositive conjunction δέ (de), meaning 'but' or 'and'.

G4771

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Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: SOY

Translations: (to) you, (for) you, you

Notes: This is the second-person singular dative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'to you' or 'for you'. It can also simply translate as 'you' when the context implies a dative relationship, such as indirect object or a recipient of an action. It is used to indicate the person to whom something is given, said, or done, or for whom an action is performed. For example, 'I give to you' or 'I do this for you'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Second Person

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a very ancient pronoun, found across many Indo-European languages.

G3056

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: LOH-gohn

Translations: of words, of sayings, of accounts, of reasons, of messages, of speeches, of reports, of doctrines

Notes: ΛΟΓΩΝ is the genitive plural form of the noun ΛΟΓΟΣ (logos). The word ΛΟΓΟΣ is a fundamental term in Koine Greek with a very broad range of meanings, including 'word,' 'speech,' 'account,' 'reason,' 'message,' 'report,' 'doctrine,' or 'principle.' In its genitive plural form, ΛΟΓΩΝ indicates possession, origin, or relation to multiple 'words' or 'concepts.' It is used to express 'of words' or 'belonging to words' in a sentence.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΡΗΜΑΤΩΝ, ΜΥΘΩΝ, ΦΩΝΩΝ

G0989

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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: blas-FEE-mah

Translations: blasphemous, slanderous, impious, evil, a blasphemy, a slander

Notes: This word describes something that is blasphemous, slanderous, or impious. It can refer to words or actions that are disrespectful or insulting towards God or sacred things, or to people. It is often used to describe speech that is abusive or defamatory. In the provided context, it is used in the neuter plural form, likely referring to 'blasphemous things' or 'blasphemous words'.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΘΕΑ, ΑΣΕΒΗΣ, ΥΒΡΙΣΤΙΚΟΣ

G1063

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Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G4183

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Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: POL-lah

Translations: much, many, great, abundant, often, greatly, many things

Notes: This word is an inflection of the adjective 'ΠΟΛΥΣ' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many'. As an adjective, 'ΠΟΛΛΑ' typically functions as the neuter plural nominative or accusative, meaning 'many things' or 'much'. It can also function as an adverb, meaning 'often' or 'greatly'. It is used to indicate a large quantity or frequency.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative (of the adjective ΠΟΛΥΣ); or Adverb

Synonyms: ΠΛΕΙΩΝ, ΙΚΑΝΟΣ

G3778

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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-ton

Translations: this, this one, him, it

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, used to point out something specific that is near in proximity, time, or thought, or something that has just been mentioned. As a pronoun, it can stand in for a noun, meaning 'this one' or 'him/it'. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, meaning 'this' (e.g., 'this house'). In this form, it is masculine singular and in the accusative case, meaning it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΝ

G0514, G0516

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Part of Speech: Verb, Adjective

Sounds like: ax-ee-OHN

Translations: worthy, deserving, fitting, suitable, to deem worthy, to consider worthy, to ask, to request, to expect, to think fit, of worthy ones, of those who are worthy

Notes: This word can function as a verb or an adjective. As a verb (from ἀξιόω), it means 'to deem worthy,' 'to consider worthy,' 'to ask,' 'to request,' or 'to expect.' As an adjective (from ἄξιος), it means 'worthy,' 'deserving,' 'fitting,' or 'suitable.' The form 'ἈΞΙΩΝ' can be a present active participle (nominative masculine singular) of the verb 'ἀξιόω', meaning 'deeming worthy' or 'asking'. It can also be the genitive plural (masculine, feminine, or neuter) of the adjective 'ἄξιος', meaning 'of worthy ones' or 'of those who are worthy'. Its meaning depends on the context.

Inflection: Present Active Participle (Nominative, Masculine, Singular) or Genitive Plural (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)

Synonyms: ΕΥ̓ΛΟΓΟΣ, ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣ, ΠΡΕΠΩΝ

G3982

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pay-THAYN

Translations: to persuade, to convince, to win over, to obey, to trust, to yield

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb. In the active voice, it means 'to persuade' or 'to convince' someone. In the middle or passive voice, it often takes on the meaning of 'to be persuaded', 'to obey', 'to trust', or 'to yield to'. It describes the act of influencing someone's belief or action, or the act of being influenced and complying.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΠΕΙΘΩ, ΠΙΣΤΕΥΩ, ΥΠΑΚΟΥΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *bheidh- 'to compel, to advise, to trust'. It is related to the Latin 'fido' (to trust) and 'fides' (faith).

G1096

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: geh-geh-NEES-thai

Translations: to have become, to have been, to have been born, to have happened, to have come into being

Notes: This is the perfect middle or passive infinitive form of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai). It signifies an action that has been completed in the past and whose results continue into the present. It can be used to express that something has come into existence, has occurred, or has been born. For example, it might be used in a sentence like 'He believed it to have happened' or 'It was thought to have been born'.

Inflection: Perfect, Middle or Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΓΕΓΟΝΕΝΑΙ, ΓΕΝΕΣΘΑΙ

G3326

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G2980

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: leh-la-LEE-keh-nai

Translations: to have spoken, to have said, to have talked

Notes: This word is the perfect active infinitive form of the verb "λαλέω" (laleō), meaning "to speak" or "to say." As a perfect infinitive, it describes an action that has been completed in the past but has ongoing relevance or results in the present. It is often used in constructions where the main verb indicates a belief, declaration, or perception about a completed act of speaking.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΦΗΜΙ, ΕΙΠΩΝ

Etymology: The word "λαλέω" (laleō) is of uncertain origin, possibly onomatopoeic, imitating the sound of babbling or chattering. It is a common verb in Koine Greek for various forms of vocal expression.

G0846

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Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOYS

Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her

Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

G1722

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G4769

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: sty-LOH

Translations: (to) pillars, (to) posts, (to) columns

Notes: This word refers to a pillar, post, or column, which is a strong, upright support used in construction or as a monument. In this inflected form, it is in the dative plural, indicating the indirect object of an action or the recipient of something, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΙΩΝ, ΟΡΘΟΣΤΑΤΗΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (to stand). It refers to something that stands upright and supports.

G3507

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: NEH-feh-lees

Translations: of cloud, of a cloud

Notes: This word refers to a cloud, a visible mass of water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the atmosphere. It is often used metaphorically to describe a large, dense group of people or things, or to represent something that obscures or overshadows. In biblical contexts, it can signify God's presence or guidance, as seen in the pillar of cloud that led the Israelites.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΓΝΟΦΟΣ, ΟΜΙΧΛΗ

Etymology: From an uncertain root, possibly related to 'νεφος' (nephos), meaning 'cloud'.

G1096

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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: geh-NO-meh-non

Translations: having become, having happened, having been, having been born, that which has come into being, a thing that has happened

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ginomai', meaning 'to become' or 'to happen'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred. It can function as an adjective, describing a noun, or as a noun itself, referring to 'that which has come into being' or 'a thing that has happened'. It implies a state of being or an event that has taken place.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Singular, Neuter

Synonyms: ΓΕΓΟΝΟΣ, ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ

G0305

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-nah-beh-BEE-keh-nai

Translations: to go up, to ascend, to come up, to climb, to embark, to mount

Notes: This is the perfect active infinitive form of the verb ἀναβαίνω (anabainō). It means 'to have gone up' or 'to have ascended'. It describes the action of moving upwards, whether literally climbing, ascending a hill, or metaphorically rising in status or coming into mind. It can also refer to embarking on a ship or mounting an animal.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ἈΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ἈΝΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ

G1519

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G3854

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pa-ra-GI-nes-thai

Translations: to come, to arrive, to be present, to appear, to come alongside

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and the verb γίνομαι (ginomai), meaning 'to become' or 'to come into being'. As a whole, it means to come to a place, to arrive, or to be present. It can describe someone arriving at a location or an event coming to pass.

Inflection: Present Infinitive, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΗΚΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition παρά (para), meaning 'beside, alongside', and the verb γίνομαι (ginomai), meaning 'to become, to come into being'.

G1909

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to

Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G1093

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GAYS

Translations: (of) earth, (of) land, (of) ground, (of) world, (of) country, (of) region

Notes: This word refers to the earth, land, or ground. It can denote the physical soil, a specific territory or country, or the entire planet. As a genitive form, it indicates possession, origin, or the material from which something is made, often translated with 'of' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΑΓΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΓΗ (gē) comes from Proto-Hellenic *gā́, which itself is from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁- ('earth').

G1492

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: OY-dah

Translations: know, understand, perceive, be aware of

Notes: This verb means 'to know' or 'to understand'. It is a perfect tense verb that functions with a present meaning, indicating a state of knowing that has resulted from a past act of perceiving or learning. It is often used to express a deep, intuitive, or experiential knowledge, as opposed to merely intellectual knowledge. It can be used with an accusative object, or with a clause introduced by 'ὅτι' (that) or an interrogative pronoun.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Indicative, 1st Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *weyd- 'to see, to know'. In Greek, it developed into a perfect tense verb with a present meaning, signifying a state of knowing that comes from having seen or perceived.

G3754

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G5613

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G3588, G3778

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G3056

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: LOH-goss

Translations: word, a word, reason, a reason, account, an account, speech, a speech, message, a message, report, a report, thing, a thing, matter, a matter, saying, a saying, discourse, a discourse

Notes: The word 'logos' is a fundamental term in Koine Greek with a wide range of meanings. It can refer to a spoken or written word, a statement, a message, or a command. Beyond simple communication, it also encompasses concepts like reason, logic, an account, a narrative, or even a divine utterance or principle. Its specific meaning often depends on the context in which it is used.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΡΗΜΑ, ΕΠΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb λέγω (legō), meaning 'to say, speak'. It refers to something said or thought, and its meaning evolved to encompass both speech and the underlying reason or thought.

G2928

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: keh-KROOP-tai

Translations: has been hidden, is hidden, has been kept secret, is kept secret

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'has been hidden' or 'is hidden'. It describes something that is concealed or kept secret, often implying that the action of hiding has already occurred and the state of being hidden continues. It is used to indicate that something is not visible or not known to others.

Inflection: Perfect, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΚΡΥΠΤΩ, ΛΑΝΘΑΝΩ, ΚΑΛΥΠΤΩ

Etymology: The word κρύπτω (kryptō) comes from Proto-Indo-European *krewb-, meaning 'to cover, hide'.

G0575

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: AF

Translations: from, away from, by, of

Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition ΑΠΟ (APO), which means 'from' or 'away from'. The final vowel of ΑΠΟ is dropped (elided) when it precedes a word that begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark (indicated by the apostrophe-like symbol over the vowel). It indicates separation, origin, or cause, often translated as 'from' or 'away from'. It can also denote the agent 'by' or the source 'of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition)

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *apo- 'off, away'. It is cognate with Latin ab, English off, and German ab.

G3588, G3739, G2228

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G4163

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: poy-ay-TOO

Translations: (of) a poet, (of) the poet, (of) a maker, (of) the maker, (of) an author, (of) the author

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'ποιητής' (poiētēs), meaning 'poet' or 'maker'. It refers to someone who creates or produces something, often in the context of literary works like poetry, but can also refer to a creator in a broader sense, such as God as the 'maker of all things'. As a genitive case, it typically indicates possession, origin, or relationship, often translated with 'of'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΗΜΙΟΥΡΓΟΣ, ΤΕΧΝΙΤΗΣ

G1352

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Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: DEE-oh

Translations: therefore, wherefore, for this reason, on account of which

Notes: This is a compound conjunction formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'on account of', and the relative pronoun ὅ (ho), meaning 'which'. It is used to introduce a consequence or conclusion, indicating that what follows is a result of what has just been stated. It functions similarly to 'therefore' or 'for this reason' in English.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΑ ΤΟΥΤΟ, ΟΥΝ, ΑΡΑ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'on account of', and the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅ (ho), meaning 'which'.

G4834

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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: soom-pa-THON

Translations: sympathizing, suffering with, having compassion, feeling with

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition σύν (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb πάσχω (paschō), meaning 'to suffer' or 'to experience'. Therefore, it literally means 'to suffer with' or 'to feel with'. It describes the act of sharing in the feelings or experiences of another, often implying empathy or compassion. It can be used to describe someone who is understanding or compassionate towards another's difficulties.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Masculine/Neuter, Nominative/Accusative Singular (Masculine), or Genitive/Dative Plural (Masculine/Neuter)

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΟΔΥΝΩ, ΣΥΝΘΛΙΒΩ

Etymology: The verb ΣΥΜΠΑΘΕΩ is derived from the prefix ΣΥΝ- (syn-), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΠΑΘΩ (pathō), meaning 'to suffer' or 'to experience'. It entered Koine Greek from Classical Greek.

G4324

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-KAHM-nin

Translations: to be sick, to be ill, to be weary, to be exhausted

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'πρός' (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and the verb 'κάμνω' (kamnō), meaning 'to toil' or 'to be weary'. As an infinitive, 'προσκάμνειν' means 'to be sick', 'to be ill', or 'to be weary/exhausted'. It describes a state of physical or mental fatigue or sickness, often implying a struggle or burden.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΚΑΜΝΩ, ΑΣΘΕΝΕΩ, ΚΟΠΙΑΩ

G0075

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-goh-NEE-zoh-my

Translations: to contend, to fight, to struggle, to strive, to compete, to wrestle

Notes: This verb describes the act of engaging in a contest, struggle, or conflict. It can refer to physical exertion, like wrestling or competing in games, or to a more metaphorical struggle, such as striving for a goal, fighting against an adversary, or contending for a belief. It implies intense effort and determination.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Indicative, First Person Singular

Synonyms: ΜΑΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΑΛΑΙΩ, ἘΚΖΗΤΕΩ

Etymology: From the Greek word ἀγών (agōn), meaning 'a gathering, an assembly, a contest, a struggle'. The verb form implies engaging in such a contest or struggle.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G3861

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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: pah-rah-DOK-sah

Translations: paradoxical, strange, wonderful, marvelous, extraordinary things, wonders

Notes: This word describes something that is contrary to expectation, unusual, or extraordinary. It can function as an adjective meaning 'paradoxical' or 'strange', or as a neuter plural noun meaning 'wonders' or 'marvelous things'. In the provided examples, it is used in the neuter plural to refer to 'wonders' or 'marvelous works'.

Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΘΑΥΜΑΣΙΑ, ΑΛΟΓΑ

Etymology: The word παράδοξος (paradoxos) is a compound of παρά (para), meaning 'beside, beyond, contrary to', and δόξα (doxa), meaning 'opinion, expectation, glory'. Thus, it literally means 'contrary to opinion' or 'beyond expectation'.

G3539

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: noh-EE-say-teh

Translations: you may perceive, you may understand, you may comprehend, you may consider, you may think

Notes: This is a verb meaning to perceive, understand, or comprehend with the mind. It refers to the act of grasping the meaning or significance of something, often implying a deeper level of understanding than mere observation. It can be used in contexts where one is urged to consider or reflect upon something.

Inflection: Second Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Subjunctive

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΣΥΝΙΗΜΙ, ΜΑΝΘΑΝΩ

G1519, G1487, G1488

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb

Sounds like: E

Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are

Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).

G1161

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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G3361

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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G2443

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Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: EE-nah

Translations: in order that, that, so that, to

Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause expressing purpose, result, or content. It often translates to 'in order that' or simply 'that' when indicating the aim or outcome of an action. It can also be used to express a command or exhortation, especially when followed by the subjunctive mood.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣΤΕ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en- (in). It is related to the preposition 'in' and developed into a conjunction expressing purpose or result.

G0846

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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOS

Translations: he, she, it, they, him, her, it, them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, same, very

Notes: ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is a versatile word in Koine Greek. As a third-person pronoun, it translates to 'he, she, it' or 'they' in the nominative case, and 'him, her, it' or 'them' in other cases. When used intensively, often in the nominative or immediately following the noun, it means 'himself, herself, itself, themselves' or 'even, very'. When used as an adjective with the definite article (e.g., 'ὁ αὐτὸς'), it means 'the same'. Its meaning depends on its grammatical function and position in the sentence.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΣ, ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a pronominal stem *au- or *aw-.

G0000

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-THOH-os

Translations: innocent, guiltless, unpunished, free from fault

Notes: This word describes someone who is innocent, guiltless, or free from punishment. It is used to declare that a person is not responsible for a crime or a wrong action. It can also imply being unpunished or exempt from a penalty.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ἈΝΑΙΤΙΟΣ, ἈΚΑΚΟΣ

Etymology: From the negative prefix 'α-' (a-) meaning 'not' and 'θωός' (thōos), which is related to 'θωή' (thōē) meaning 'punishment' or 'penalty'. Thus, it literally means 'without punishment' or 'unpunished'.

G3861

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: pa-ra-dox-oh-TEH-roos

Translations: more paradoxical, more strange, more unusual, more unexpected

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'paradoxical', 'strange', 'unusual', or 'unexpected'. It is a compound word formed from 'παρά' (para), meaning 'beside' or 'contrary to', and 'δόξα' (doxa), meaning 'opinion' or 'expectation'. Thus, it describes something that goes against common opinion or expectation. The form 'ΠΑΡΑΔΟΞΟΤΕΡΟΥΣ' is the comparative degree, indicating 'more paradoxical' or 'stranger'. It is used to describe things or people that are more surprising or contrary to what is generally believed.

Inflection: Comparative, Plural, Accusative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΟΚΟΤΟΣ, ΑΤΟΠΟΣ

G1380

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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: doh-KOON-tas

Translations: seeming, appearing, thinking, supposing, considering, being thought, being esteemed

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'δοκέω' (dokeō), meaning 'to seem,' 'to appear,' 'to think,' or 'to suppose.' It describes someone or something that is perceived in a certain way, or someone who is thinking or supposing something. It can also refer to those who are esteemed or considered important. In this form, it functions adjectivally, modifying a noun or pronoun.

Inflection: Masculine, Accusative, Plural, Present, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΦΑΙΝΟΜΕΝΟΥΣ, ΝΟΜΙΖΟΝΤΑΣ, ΗΓΟΥΜΕΝΟΥΣ

G5015

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: tah-RAS-ses-theh

Translations: be troubled, you are troubled, do not be troubled, be agitated, be disturbed, be stirred up

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to trouble, disturb, or agitate. In its passive form, as seen here, it means to be troubled, disturbed, or agitated. It can be used in an indicative sense (you are troubled) or an imperative sense (be troubled, or do not be troubled when negated). It describes a state of inner turmoil or outward commotion.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Indicative or Imperative, 2nd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΘΟΡΥΒΕΩ, ΣΥΓΧΕΩ, ΚΙΝΕΩ

G0235

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Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: AL-lah

Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed

Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.

G3123

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Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: MAHL-lon

Translations: more, rather, much more, especially

Notes: This word is a comparative adverb meaning 'more' or 'rather'. It is used to indicate a preference, a greater degree, or an intensification of something. It often appears in contexts where a comparison is being made, suggesting that one thing is true to a greater extent than another, or that one action is preferred over another. For example, it can mean 'more' in terms of quantity or intensity, or 'rather' when expressing a choice or preference.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΛΕΟΝ, ΜΑΛΙΣΤΑ

Etymology: ΜΑΛΛΟΝ is a comparative adverb derived from an obsolete positive form related to the concept of 'much' or 'very'. It functions as the comparative degree of this implied positive.

G1096

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ghee-NOH-meh-noy

Translations: becoming, being, happening, coming to pass, existing, arising, appearing, being made, being done, occurring, taking place

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become,' 'to be,' 'to happen,' or 'to come into being.' It describes an ongoing state of becoming or an action that is currently happening to or by the subject. It can be used to describe someone or something that is in the process of changing, coming into existence, or occurring.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΕΣΘΑΙ, ΕΙΝΑΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΕΙΝ

Etymology: The verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to be born,' 'to come into being,' or 'to become.' It is related to words signifying birth and origin.

G1893

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEI

Translations: since, because, for, when, after, inasmuch as

Notes: This word functions as a conjunction or adverb, introducing a clause that provides a reason, cause, or time. As a conjunction, it can mean 'since' or 'because' when indicating a cause, or 'when' or 'after' when indicating time. As an adverb, it can mean 'for' or 'inasmuch as'. It often introduces a dependent clause that explains the main clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΚΑΘΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙΔΗ

Etymology: From the preposition ἐπί (epi, 'upon, on') and the particle εἰ (ei, 'if'). It originally meant 'upon the condition that' or 'when'.

G1223

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: dee-AH

Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G5259

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-POH

Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.

G3539

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: noh-EH-in

Translations: to perceive, to understand, to think, to comprehend, to consider, to discern

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'νοέω'. It refers to the act of perceiving with the mind, understanding, or thinking. It implies a mental grasp or comprehension of something, often involving reflection or consideration. It can be used in sentences to express the ability or action of understanding a concept or situation.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΙΗΜΙ, ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΚΑΤΑΝΟΕΩ

Etymology: From 'νοῦς' (nous), meaning 'mind' or 'intellect'. The verb 'νοέω' means to use the mind, to perceive, or to understand.

G1410

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Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: doo-NAH-meh-noy

Translations: being able, able, powerful, mighty, capable

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'δύναμαι' (dynamai), meaning 'to be able' or 'to have power'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing someone or something that possesses the ability, power, or capability to do something. It can be used to describe individuals or groups who are strong, mighty, or competent.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΡΟΙ, ΚΡΑΤΟΥΝΤΕΣ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑΖΟΝΤΕΣ

G4264

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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: pro-ahee-ROO-meh-noy

Translations: choosing, preferring, purposing, intending, deciding, selecting, resolving, a choosing, a preferring

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle, meaning 'choosing for oneself,' 'preferring,' 'purposing,' or 'intending.' It is a compound word formed from the preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of,' and the verb αἱρέω (haireō), meaning 'to take,' 'to choose,' or 'to grasp.' Thus, it literally means 'to take before' or 'to choose beforehand,' implying a deliberate decision or preference. It describes someone who is in the act of making a choice or setting a purpose.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΙΡΕΩ, ΒΟΥΛΟΜΑΙ, ΘΕΛΩ

Etymology: The verb προαιρέω (prohaireō) is formed from the prefix πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of,' and the verb αἱρέω (haireō), meaning 'to take' or 'to choose.' The combination signifies 'to choose before' or 'to prefer.'

G3767

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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OON

Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.

G2046

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-RAY-tai

Translations: it has been said, it is said, it was said

Notes: This word is the third person singular, perfect passive indicative form of the verb 'erō' (to say, to speak). It indicates an action that was completed in the past and whose results continue into the present. It is commonly translated as 'it has been said' or 'it is said', often referring to something previously stated or written.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Perfect, Passive, Indicative

Synonyms: ΛΕΛΕΚΤΑΙ, ΕΙΠΕΝ

Etymology: The verb 'erō' (to say, to speak) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to put in order, to arrange, to speak'. It is related to other Greek words concerning speech and order.

G5547

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHRIS-ton

Translations: Christ, the Christ, Anointed One, the Anointed One

Notes: This word refers to the 'Anointed One' or 'Messiah'. In the New Testament, it is primarily used as a title for Jesus, signifying his role as the promised deliverer. It is often used with the definite article 'the' (the Christ) or as a proper name (Christ). As an accusative form, it would typically function as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΕΣΣΙΑΣ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ

G1826

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eks-ay-REVK-sah-toh

Translations: poured forth, uttered, gushed out, brought forth

Notes: This word describes the action of pouring forth, gushing out, or uttering something, often with a sense of abundance or forceful expression. It can refer to a physical outpouring, like water from a spring, or a metaphorical one, such as words from the heart or mouth. It is used in the middle voice, suggesting the action is done by or for the subject itself.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΕΚΒΑΛΛΩ, ΕΚΦΕΡΩ, ΛΕΓΩ

Etymology: The word ἐξερεύγομαι (exereugomai) is a compound word formed from the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb ἐρεύγομαι (ereugomai), meaning 'to belch forth' or 'to vomit'. Thus, it literally means 'to belch forth out of' or 'to pour forth from'.

G0018

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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ah-gah-THON

Translations: good, a good thing, benefit, advantage, what is good

Notes: This word describes something that is good, beneficial, or morally upright. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, indicating its positive quality. As a neuter noun, it often refers to 'a good thing' or 'what is good' in a general sense, encompassing both moral excellence and practical benefit. It is frequently used to describe actions, outcomes, or qualities that are desirable or virtuous.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΟΣ, ΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word originates from Proto-Indo-European, referring to something that is 'good' or 'noble'. It has cognates in various Indo-European languages.

G3004

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: LEH-goh

Translations: say, speak, tell, call, mean

Notes: This is a very common verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to introduce direct or indirect speech, to give commands, or to express an opinion. It can also mean 'to call' or 'to name' someone or something, or 'to mean' something.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Present, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΦΗΜΙ, ΕΡΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *leg- meaning 'to collect, gather'. In Greek, it evolved to mean 'to pick out words', hence 'to speak' or 'to say'.

G1473

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Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-GOH

Translations: I, me

Notes: ἘΓΩ is the first-person singular personal pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning "I" or "me." It refers to the speaker and functions primarily as the subject of a sentence. While the first-person singular verb ending often makes the pronoun redundant, ἘΓΩ is frequently used for emphasis, similar to saying "I myself" or "even I" in English. It can also be used to clarify the subject when multiple individuals are involved.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Nominative

Etymology: This word is an ancient pronoun, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has cognates in many Indo-European languages, reflecting a shared linguistic heritage.

G1100

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GLOHS-sah

Translations: tongue, a tongue, language, a language, speech, a speech

Notes: This word refers to the physical organ in the mouth, the tongue. It can also refer to a language spoken by a group of people, or more generally, to speech itself. It is used in contexts ranging from literal descriptions of the body to metaphorical uses concerning communication and different languages.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΛΕΚΤΟΣ, ΦΩΝΗ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *glōgh- (pointed object, tongue). It is related to words for 'tongue' in other Indo-European languages.

G1122

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: grah-mah-TEH-ohs

Translations: (of) a scribe, (of) the scribe, (of) a secretary, (of) the secretary, (of) a clerk, (of) the clerk

Notes: This word refers to a scribe, secretary, or clerk. In ancient contexts, a scribe was often a professional writer, copyist, or public notary, particularly one skilled in religious law or official documents. They played a significant role in society, especially in the administration and interpretation of laws.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΕΙΑ, ΓΡΑΦΕΥΣ

Etymology: The word ΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΕΥΣ (grammateus) is derived from the Greek word ΓΡΑΜΜΑ (gramma), meaning 'letter' or 'writing'. It refers to one who deals with letters or writing.

G3791

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ox-oo-GRA-foo

Translations: (of) a swift writer, (of) a ready writer, (of) a quick scribe

Notes: This word is a compound adjective formed from 'ὀξύς' (oxys), meaning 'sharp' or 'swift', and 'γράφω' (grapho), meaning 'to write'. It describes someone who writes quickly or skillfully, a 'swift writer' or 'ready scribe'. It is used to characterize a person's writing ability.

Inflection: Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΤΑΧΥΓΡΑΦΟΣ, ΕΥΓΡΑΦΟΣ

Etymology: The word ὈΞΥΓΡΑΦΟΣ is a compound word derived from the Greek adjective ὀξύς (oxys), meaning 'sharp, swift, quick', and the verb γράφω (grapho), meaning 'to write'. It literally means 'swift-writing'.

G5611

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: hoh-RAI-oss

Translations: beautiful, handsome, lovely, fair, a beautiful one, a handsome one

Notes: This word describes something or someone as beautiful, handsome, or lovely, often implying a pleasing appearance or quality. It can be used to describe people, objects, or even actions that are considered aesthetically pleasing or appropriate for a particular time.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΟΣ, ΕΥΠΡΕΠΗΣ

Etymology: From the Koine Greek word ὥρα (hōra), meaning 'hour, season, proper time'. The word originally referred to something 'timely' or 'seasonable', and then evolved to mean 'beautiful' or 'fitting' in appearance, especially in its prime.

G3844

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: pah-RAH

Translations: from, by, with, beside, at, near, alongside, to

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it typically means 'from' or 'from beside', indicating origin or agency. With the dative case, it means 'with', 'beside', or 'at', indicating proximity or presence. With the accusative case, it means 'alongside', 'to', or 'past', indicating motion towards or along something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΥΠΟ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'beside', 'alongside'. It is cognate with English 'for' and 'from'.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G0444

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ahn-throh-POHN

Translations: (of) men, (of) people, (of) humankind

Notes: ἈΝΘΡΩΠΩΝ is the genitive plural form of the noun ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ, which means 'man', 'human being', or 'person'. This form is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship, translating to 'of men' or 'of people'. It refers to human beings in general, often distinguishing them from God or other creatures.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΒΡΟΤΟΣ, ΛΑΟΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek, likely a compound of ἀνήρ (anēr, 'man') and ὤψ (ōps, 'face, eye'), possibly meaning 'one who looks up' or 'one with a human face'.

G1632

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eks-ekh-YOO-thay

Translations: poured out, was poured out, spilled out, was spilled out, shed, was shed

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of', and the verb χέω (cheō), meaning 'to pour'. It means to pour out, spill, or shed, often referring to liquids like water, blood, or tears. It can also be used metaphorically for emotions or life itself being 'poured out' or 'spent'. In its passive form, it indicates that something was poured out or spilled.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΕΚΧΥΝΝΩ, ΕΚΧΕΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἐκχέω (ekcheō), a compound of ἐκ (ek, 'out of') and χέω (cheō, 'to pour').

G5485

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHA-rees

Translations: grace, a grace, favor, a favor, kindness, a kindness, thanks, gratitude, charm, a charm, delight, a delight

Notes: This word is a feminine noun that generally refers to grace, favor, or kindness. It can also mean thanks or gratitude, especially in expressions like 'to give thanks'. In some contexts, it can refer to charm or delight. It is often used to describe divine favor or unmerited divine assistance given to humans.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΥΧΑΡΙΣΤΙΑ, ΕΛΕΟΣ, ΔΩΡΟΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- ('to desire, to like'). In ancient Greek, it developed to mean 'that which delights' or 'favor'.

G3778

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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that

Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.

G2127

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: yoo-loh-GAY-seh

Translations: he blessed, she blessed, it blessed, he praised, she praised, it praised, he spoke well of, she spoke well of, it spoke well of

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to bless, praise, or speak well of. It describes an action performed by a third party in the past. It can be used to describe God blessing people, or people blessing God, or speaking well of someone.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑἸΝΕΩ, ΕΥ̓ΧΑΡΙΣΤΕΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek εὐλογέω (eulogéō), from εὐ- (eu-, 'good') + λόγος (lógos, 'word, speech'). The original meaning was 'to speak well of', which evolved into 'to praise' and then 'to bless'.

G2316

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: THEH-os

Translations: God, a God, Lord

Notes: ΘΕΟΣ (theos) is a singular noun meaning 'God' or 'a god'. In Koine Greek, it is frequently used to refer to the singular, supreme God, often with the definite article. It can also refer to a generic deity or even a human figure considered divine. It functions as a subject or object in sentences, depending on its case.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΠΑΤΗΡ

Etymology: The word ΘΕΟΣ is believed to derive from a Proto-Indo-European root, though its precise origin is debated. It has cognates in various Indo-European languages.

G4024

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-ree-ZOH-sahee

Translations: gird yourself, put on, clothe yourself, arm yourself

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition περί (peri), meaning 'around' or 'about', and the verb ζώννυμι (zōnnumi), meaning 'to gird' or 'to belt'. It means to gird oneself, to put on a belt or garment, or metaphorically, to prepare oneself for action or to arm oneself. It is often used in the middle voice, indicating that the action is performed by the subject upon themselves.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle, Imperative, Second Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΖΩΝΝΥΜΙ, ΕΝΔΥΩ, ΑΝΑΖΩΝΝΥΜΙ

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G2137

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-teh-OO-oh-doo

Translations: prosper, succeed, make prosperous, lead on a good way, have a prosperous journey

Notes: This word means to prosper, succeed, or have a good journey. It can refer to a person being prosperous or to a path or endeavor being successful. It is often used in the context of God granting success or a favorable outcome. It is a compound word formed from κατά (kata, 'down, according to') and εὐοδόω (euodoo, 'to prosper, have a good journey').

Inflection: Second Person Singular, Present, Imperative, Active; or, Third Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active; or, Genitive, Singular, Masculine/Neuter, Participle, Present, Middle/Passive

Synonyms: ΕΥΟΔΟΩ, ΠΡΟΚΟΠΤΩ, ΕΥΤΥΧΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΕΥΟΔΟΩ is a compound verb derived from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'according to', and the verb εὐοδόω (euodoo), which means 'to prosper' or 'to have a good journey'. Εὐοδόω itself comes from εὖ (eu), meaning 'well', and ὁδός (hodos), meaning 'way' or 'journey'. Thus, the compound implies a journey or path that goes well or is successful.

G1752

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: EN-eh-ken

Translations: because of, on account of, for the sake of, (of) for, (of) by reason of

Notes: ΕΝΕΚΕΝ is an improper preposition that typically takes the genitive case, meaning 'because of' or 'on account of'. It can also function as an adverb, meaning 'for this reason' or 'therefore'. It is used to express the cause or reason behind an action or state.

Inflection: Does not inflect; takes the genitive case when used as a preposition.

Synonyms: ΔΙΑ, ΧΑΡΙΝ

Etymology: The word ΕΝΕΚΕΝ is an ancient Greek word, likely formed from the preposition 'en' (in) and a form related to 'heka' (on account of). It has been in use since classical Greek and continued into Koine Greek.

G4240

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: prah-OH-tay-tos

Translations: of meekness, of gentleness, of humility, of consideration

Notes: This word refers to the quality of meekness, gentleness, or humility. It describes a disposition that is mild, gentle, and considerate, often implying strength under control rather than weakness. It is used to describe a humble and patient attitude, especially in dealing with others.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΕΙΚΕΙΑ, ΤΑΠΕΙΝΟΦΡΟΣΥΝΗ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΑΟΤΗΣ (praotēs) comes from the adjective πρᾶος (praos), meaning 'mild, gentle'. It describes a disposition that is calm and gentle, often associated with a humble and patient spirit.

G1343

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: dee-kah-yoh-SOO-nays

Translations: of righteousness, of justice, of a righteousness, of a justice

Notes: This word refers to the quality of being morally right, just, or righteous. It encompasses both the state of being right with God and the act of doing what is right. It is often used in a theological context to describe divine justice or human uprightness.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΛΗΘΕΙΑ, ΕΥΘΥΤΗΣ

Etymology: From the Greek word δίκαιος (dikaios), meaning 'just' or 'righteous', combined with the suffix -σύνη (-synē), which forms abstract nouns, indicating a state or quality.

G3594

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: oh-dee-GAY-see

Translations: he will lead, she will lead, it will lead, he will guide, she will guide, it will guide, he will show the way, she will show the way, it will show the way

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to lead,' 'to guide,' or 'to show the way.' It is used to describe someone or something providing direction or guidance to another, often in a metaphorical sense, such as guiding someone in their actions or teaching them a path. It is a compound word formed from 'ὁδός' (hodos), meaning 'way' or 'road,' and 'ἡγέομαι' (hēgeomai), meaning 'to lead' or 'to guide.'

Inflection: Future Indicative, Active Voice, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΓΩ, ΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΘΟΔΗΓΕΩ

G1188

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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: dex-ee-AH

Translations: right, right hand, a right hand, (of) the right hand, (to) the right hand

Notes: This word refers to the right side or the right hand. As an adjective, it describes something as being on the right. As a noun, it refers to the right hand or the right side itself. It is often used metaphorically to denote a place of honor, power, or authority, as in 'sitting at the right hand of God'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine; Singular, Accusative, Feminine; Singular, Genitive, Feminine; Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *deḱs- (right). It is related to Latin dexter and English 'dexterous'.

G0001

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Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: ee-koh-NEE-meh-nah

Translations: sharpened, honed, pointed, things sharpened

Notes: This word is the perfect passive participle of the verb 'ἀκονάω' (akonaō), meaning 'to sharpen' or 'to hone'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing something that has been sharpened or made pointed. It indicates a completed action with a resulting state, so it refers to something that is now in a sharpened condition. It can be used to describe objects like arrows or tools.

Inflection: Perfect Passive Participle, Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΘΗΓΜΕΝΑ, ΟΞΥΜΜΕΝΑ

Etymology: The verb ἀκονάω (akonaō) comes from the Greek word ἀκόνη (akonē), meaning 'whetstone' or 'grindstone'.

G5270

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-po-KAH-toh

Translations: underneath, below, under

Notes: This word functions as an adverb or a preposition, meaning 'underneath' or 'below'. It indicates a position directly beneath something else. As a preposition, it typically takes the genitive case. It is a compound word formed from ΥΠΟ (under) and ΚΑΤΩ (down).

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΥΠΟ, ΚΑΤΩ

Etymology: From the Greek preposition ΥΠΟ (hypo), meaning 'under', and the adverb ΚΑΤΩ (kato), meaning 'down' or 'below'. It is a compound word emphasizing the sense of being directly underneath.

G2362

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: THRON-os

Translations: throne, a throne

Notes: This word refers to a seat of state, a chair of dignity, or a royal seat. It is commonly used to denote the seat occupied by a king, a deity, or any person in authority, symbolizing power, sovereignty, and judgment. It can be used in both literal and metaphorical senses.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΙΦΡΟΣ, ΚΑΘΕΔΡΑ

Etymology: The word 'thronos' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to set, to place'. It is related to the verb 'θράω' (thraō), meaning 'to seat'.

G2117

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: yoo-THOO-tay-toss

Translations: (of) uprightness, (of) straightness, (of) rectitude

Notes: This word refers to the quality of being straight, upright, or righteous. It denotes moral integrity and correctness, often used in a figurative sense to describe a person's character or actions as being in alignment with what is right and just. It is a feminine noun.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣΥΝΗ, ἈΛΗΘΕΙΑ

Etymology: The word Εὐθύτης (euthytēs) is derived from the adjective εὐθύς (euthys), meaning 'straight' or 'direct'. It describes the state or quality of being straight or upright, both literally and morally.

G1343

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: dih-kah-yoh-SOO-neen

Translations: righteousness, justice, a righteousness

Notes: This word refers to the quality of being righteous or just. It describes a state of moral uprightness, integrity, and conformity to divine or moral law. It is often used in the context of God's character or the standard of conduct expected of believers.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΥΘΥΤΗΣ, ΑΡΕΤΗ, ΑΓΙΟΣΥΝΗ

Etymology: The word δικαιοσύνη (dikaiosynē) is derived from the adjective δίκαιος (dikaios), meaning 'righteous' or 'just'. It is formed by adding the suffix -σύνη (-synē), which denotes a state, condition, or quality.

G0458

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-no-MEE-ahn

Translations: lawlessness, iniquity, a lawlessness, an iniquity, transgression, a transgression

Notes: This word refers to a state of being without law, or a violation of law. It often implies moral transgression, wickedness, or a disregard for divine or human laws. In a sentence, it would typically function as the direct object of a verb, indicating the thing that is being done or committed.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΜΑΡΤΙΑ, ΑΔΙΚΙΑ, ΠΑΡΑΒΑΣΙΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀνομία (anomía, “lawlessness”), from ἄνομος (ánomos, “lawless”), from ἀ- (a-, “not”) + νόμος (nómos, “law”).

G1637

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: eh-LAH-ee-on

Translations: oil, an oil, olive oil, an olive oil

Notes: This word refers to oil, most commonly olive oil, which was a staple in ancient Mediterranean cultures. It was used for food, fuel for lamps, anointing, and medicinal purposes. It can be used in sentences to refer to the substance itself, such as 'they brought the oil' or 'the oil was scarce'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From an assumed root related to the olive tree. It is connected to the word for olive, 'ἘΛΑΙΑ' (ELAIA).

G3353

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: MEH-to-khoos

Translations: partners, companions, associates, partakers

Notes: This word refers to individuals who share in something, participate with others, or are companions or associates. It implies a joint involvement or a common interest. It is used here in the accusative plural, indicating that it is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΟΙΝΩΝΟΙ, ΣΥΝΕΡΓΟΙ, ΣΥΝΟΔΟΙ

Etymology: The word ΜΕΤΟΧΟΣ is a compound word derived from the preposition μετά (meta), meaning 'with' or 'among', and the verb ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. Thus, it literally means 'having with' or 'sharing with'.

G4667

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: SMOOR-nahn

Translations: myrrh, a myrrh

Notes: This word refers to myrrh, an aromatic gum resin obtained from certain trees, often used for perfume, incense, medicine, or embalming. It is a feminine noun and is used here in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of an action or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΛΙΒΑΝΟΝ, ΑΡΩΜΑ

Etymology: The word "σμίρνα" (smirna) or "σμύρνα" (smyrna) is of Semitic origin, likely from Aramaic or Arabic, referring to the aromatic resin.

G4713

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: stak-TEE

Translations: stacte, a stacte, myrrh, a myrrh, an aromatic gum, a gum

Notes: This word refers to stacte, a fragrant gum or resin, often associated with myrrh. It was a valuable aromatic substance used in perfumes, incense, and anointing oils in ancient times. It is typically used to describe a type of spice or aromatic material.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΜΥΡΝΑ, ΜΥΡΟΝ

Etymology: The word ΣΤΑΚΤΗ (staktē) comes from the Greek verb στάζω (stazō), meaning 'to drop' or 'to distill', referring to the way the gum or resin drips from a plant.

G0926

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: bah-REH-ohn

Translations: of heavy, of weighty, of burdensome, of important, of grievous, of difficult, of severe, of ivory

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'βαρύς' (barys), meaning 'heavy' or 'weighty'. It can refer to physical weight, but also to things that are burdensome, difficult, severe, or of great importance. In some contexts, particularly when referring to materials like ivory, it can imply 'costly' or 'valuable' due to the material's weight and density.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, All genders

Synonyms: ΒΑΡΥΤΕΡΩΝ, ΔΥΣΚΟΛΩΝ, ΕΠΙΠΟΝΩΝ

Etymology: The word 'βαρύς' (barys) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'heavy'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that also denote weight or burden.

G2165

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: yoo-PHRAH-nan

Translations: they made glad, they rejoiced, they cheered, they celebrated

Notes: This is a verb that means to make someone glad or to cause them to rejoice. It can also mean to rejoice oneself, to be merry, or to celebrate. It is often used in the context of expressing joy or happiness, or causing others to feel joy. The form provided is a past tense, indicating that a group of people performed the action of making glad or rejoicing.

Inflection: 3rd Person Plural, Aorist Active Indicative

Synonyms: ἈΓΑΛΛΙΑΩ, ΧΑΙΡΩ

Etymology: The word Εὐφραίνω (euphrainō) comes from the Greek prefix εὖ (eu), meaning 'well' or 'good', and φρήν (phrēn), meaning 'mind' or 'heart'. Thus, it literally means 'to be in a good state of mind' or 'to make the heart well'.

G5092

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: TEE-may

Translations: honor, a price, value, respect, a sum, esteem, dignity

Notes: This word refers to honor, respect, or esteem, often implying a high regard for someone or something. It can also denote a monetary value or price, indicating the worth of an item or a sum paid. It is used in sentences to describe the value or respect attributed to a person, object, or action.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΟΞΑ, ΑΞΙΑ, ΚΕΡΔΟΣ

Etymology: This word comes from an ancient root meaning 'to value' or 'to estimate'. It is related to the verb τιμάω (timaō), meaning 'to honor' or 'to value'.

G3936

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: par-ES-tee

Translations: stood by, presented, appeared, assisted, stood near, stood ready, offered, showed

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'παρίστημι' (paristēmi). It is a compound word formed from 'παρά' (para), meaning 'beside' or 'near', and 'ἵστημι' (histēmi), meaning 'to stand'. Therefore, it generally means 'to stand beside', 'to present oneself', 'to appear', 'to assist', or 'to offer'. It describes an action that occurred in the past, indicating someone or something stood by, presented themselves, or appeared in a specific situation.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΕΦΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΠΑΡΕΙΜΙ

G1722

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EN

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at, into, to

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its primary meaning is 'in' or 'within,' indicating location, time, or state. It always takes the dative case. Depending on the context, it can also be translated as 'on,' 'among,' 'with' (indicating accompaniment or instrument), 'by' (indicating means or agent), or 'at.' Sometimes it can imply motion into a place, similar to 'into' or 'to,' especially when the context suggests movement towards a location where something then resides.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It is cognate with English 'in'.

G1233

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: dee-ah-KHROO-soh

Translations: gold-embroidered, gilded, of gold, (with) gold-embroidered, (with) gilded

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'gold-embroidered' or 'gilded'. It describes something that is adorned or covered with gold, often in the context of clothing or ornamentation. It is a compound word formed from 'διά' (through, with) and 'χρυσός' (gold). It is used to describe the material or decoration of an object.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΧΡΥΣΟΣ, ΧΡΥΣΟΕΙΔΗΣ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ΔΙΑ (dia), meaning 'through' or 'with', and ΧΡΥΣΟΣ (chrysos), meaning 'gold'. It describes something made or adorned with gold.

G4164

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Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: peh-poy-KIL-meh-nee

Translations: varied, embroidered, adorned, decorated, variegated, a varied one, an adorned one

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been varied' or 'having been adorned'. It describes something that has been made diverse, decorated with various colors or designs, or intricately embellished. It is often used to describe clothing or other objects that are richly ornamented.

Inflection: Perfect Passive Participle, Singular, Feminine, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΚΟΣΜΕΩ, ΔΙΑΚΟΣΜΕΩ

Etymology: The verb ποικίλλω (poikíllō) comes from ποικίλος (poikílos), meaning 'many-colored, dappled, varied'.

G2827

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: KLEE-non

Translations: to incline, to bend, to turn away, to cause to lean, to lay down, to recline, to lie down

Notes: This word describes the action of inclining, bending, or causing something to lean. It can also mean to turn away from something or someone, or to lay oneself down, as in reclining or lying down to rest. It is often used to describe a physical posture or movement, but can also refer to a metaphorical turning away.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Singular, Neuter OR Present, Active, Imperative, 2nd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΚΛΙΝΩ, ΕΚΚΛΙΝΩ, ΚΑΤΑΚΛΙΝΩ

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G1950

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-pee-LA-thoo

Translations: forget, forget about, neglect

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'ἐπί' (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'in addition to', and the verb 'λανθάνομαι' (lanthanomai), meaning 'to forget' or 'to escape notice'. Together, it means to completely forget or to neglect something. It is often used in the imperative to command someone to forget something or someone.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Imperative, Second Person Singular

Synonyms: ΛΑΝΘΑΝΟΜΑΙ, ΑΜΕΛΕΩ

Etymology: The word is derived from the preposition 'ἐπί' (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'in addition to', and the verb 'λανθάνομαι' (lanthanomai), which comes from the root 'λαθ-' (lath-), meaning 'to escape notice' or 'to be hidden'.

G3624

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: OY-koo

Translations: of a house, of a home, of a household, of a temple, of a family, of a dwelling, of a building

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of 'οἶκος' (oikos), meaning 'house', 'home', 'household', 'family', or 'temple'. It indicates possession or origin, often translated with 'of' or 'belonging to'. For example, 'τοῦ οἴκου' would mean 'of the house'. It can refer to a physical dwelling, a family unit, or even a spiritual dwelling like a temple.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΙΑ, ΟΙΚΗΜΑ, ΝΑΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'οἶκος' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'dwelling' or 'house'. It is related to words for 'house' in other Indo-European languages.

G0935

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: bah-see-LEHFS

Translations: king, a king, ruler, sovereign

Notes: This word refers to a king or a ruler, someone who holds supreme authority over a territory or people. It is commonly used to denote a monarch or sovereign. In a sentence, it would function as a noun, often as the subject or object, indicating the person in power.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ

Etymology: From an uncertain root, possibly related to a word meaning 'base' or 'foundation', suggesting one who stands at the foundation of power or authority. It has been used since ancient Greek times to refer to a monarch.

G2572

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KAL-loos

Translations: of beauty, of excellence, of comeliness, of splendor

Notes: This word refers to beauty, excellence, or comeliness. It is used to describe something that is aesthetically pleasing or morally good. In the provided examples, it is used in the genitive case, indicating possession or relation, such as 'of beauty' or 'of splendor'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΩΡΑΙΟΤΗΣ, ΕΥΠΡΕΠΕΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΛΛΟΣ (kallos) comes from the adjective καλός (kalos), meaning 'beautiful' or 'good'.

G2962

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Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: KOO-ree-oss

Translations: Lord, a Lord, master, a master, owner, an owner, sir

Notes: This word refers to a person who has authority, control, or ownership over something or someone. It is frequently used in the New Testament to refer to God or Jesus Christ, signifying their supreme authority and sovereignty. It can also be used in a more general sense for a human master or owner.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΑΥΘΕΝΤΗΣ

Etymology: The word ΚΥΡΙΟΣ derives from the Greek word κῦρος (kyros), meaning 'supreme power' or 'authority'. It signifies one who possesses power and authority, thus a lord or master.

G4352

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-koo-nay-SOO-sin

Translations: they will worship, they will bow down, they will prostrate themselves, they will do obeisance

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to worship,' 'to bow down,' or 'to prostrate oneself.' It describes an act of reverence, homage, or adoration, often involving bowing or kneeling before someone or something. It can be used to describe worship of God, but also bowing before a king, a person of authority, or even an idol.

Inflection: Future, Indicative, Active, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΛΑΤΡΕΥΩ, ΣΕΒΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΣΠΙΠΤΩ

Etymology: The word προσκυνέω is a compound word formed from πρός (pros), meaning 'towards' or 'facing,' and κυνέω (kyneō), meaning 'to kiss.' The original sense was to kiss the ground or the hand of a superior, evolving to mean 'to bow down' or 'to worship.'

G0846

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Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

G2364

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: thoo-GAH-teer

Translations: daughter, a daughter

Notes: This word refers to a female offspring, a daughter. It is a common noun used to denote a familial relationship. It can be used in various contexts to refer to someone's child who is female, or metaphorically to refer to a female descendant or inhabitant of a place.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΟΡΗ, ΠΑΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΘΥΓΑΤΗΡ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰugʰ₂tḗr, meaning 'daughter'. It has cognates in many Indo-European languages.

G4383

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pros-OH-pon

Translations: face, a face, presence, person, appearance

Notes: This word refers to the face of a person or animal. It can also denote one's presence or appearance, or even a person themselves, especially in a formal or legal context. It is used to describe physical features as well as the impression or aspect someone presents.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΨΙΣ, ΕΙΔΟΣ, ΜΟΡΦΗ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek πρός (pros, "to, towards") and ὤψ (ōps, "eye, face"). It literally means "that which is towards the eye" or "that which is before the eye."

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G1391

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: DOK-sah

Translations: glory, a glory, splendor, honor, praise, reputation, dignity, majesty

Notes: This word refers to glory, splendor, or honor. It can describe the inherent majesty of God, the praise given to someone, or a person's reputation. It is often used in a theological context to refer to the divine nature or manifestation of God's presence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΤΙΜΗ, ΚΛΕΟΣ, ΕΥΚΛΕΙΑ

Etymology: From the Greek verb δοκέω (dokeō), meaning 'to seem, to appear, to think'. The noun originally referred to an opinion or expectation, then evolved to mean 'reputation' and eventually 'glory' or 'splendor'.

G667

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-peh-nekh-THEH-son-tai

Translations: they will be brought, they will be carried, they will be led away

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the prefix ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb φέρω (pherō), meaning 'to bear' or 'to carry'. Therefore, it means 'to carry away' or 'to bring away'. In this specific form, it indicates that a group of people or things will be carried or brought away by someone or something else.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Future, Passive, Indicative

Synonyms: ΑΓΩ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ, ΒΑΣΤΑΖΩ

G3694

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: O-PI-so

Translations: behind, after, back, backward, afterwards

Notes: This word functions as an adverb meaning 'behind' or 'backwards', indicating direction or position. It can also be used as a preposition, typically with the genitive case, to mean 'behind' or 'after' in terms of place or time. For example, it can refer to following someone or something, or to events that occur later.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΠΙΣΘΕΝ, ΚΑΤΟΠΙΣΘΕΝ

Etymology: This word is derived from the Greek root *ὀπίς (opis), meaning 'back' or 'behind'.

Open in Concordance

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Interjection, Prefix, Numeral

Sounds like: AI

Translations: the, who, which, alas, oh, 11

Notes: The word 'ΑΙ' can function in several ways in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it is the feminine nominative plural form of the definite article, meaning 'the' (referring to multiple feminine nouns). It can also be the feminine nominative plural form of the relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which'. Less frequently, it can be an interjection expressing sorrow or pain, similar to 'alas' or 'oh'. It can also appear as a prefix in compound words. Additionally, 'ΑΙ' can represent the number 11 when used as a numerical symbol (alpha-iota). It is also possible for 'ΑΙ' to be an elision or contraction of other words, such as 'ἀεί' (always) or 'ἄγε' (come on!), though this is less common in the New Testament.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Plural (for article and pronoun); Does not inflect (for interjection, prefix, and numeral)

Etymology: The origin of 'ΑΙ' as a definite article and relative pronoun is from Proto-Indo-European. Its use as an interjection is onomatopoeic.

G4139

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Noun

Sounds like: PLAY-see-on

Translations: near, nearby, neighbor, a neighbor, one's neighbor

Notes: This word primarily functions as an adverb meaning 'near' or 'nearby', indicating proximity in space or time. It can also be used substantively as a noun, typically in the neuter singular, to refer to 'one's neighbor' or 'the person next to you'. When used as a noun, it often refers to a fellow human being, emphasizing a relationship of proximity or community.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an adverb); Neuter, Singular (when used substantively as a noun)

Synonyms: ΕΓΓΥΣ, ΠΑΡΑΠΛΗΣΙΟΝ

G2167

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: yoo-fro-SOO-nay

Translations: joy, gladness, mirth, a joy, a gladness, a mirth

Notes: This word refers to a state of joy, gladness, or mirth. It describes a feeling of happiness and delight, often associated with celebration or good news. It can be used to describe the general atmosphere of joy or a specific instance of it.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΧΑΡΑ, ΑΓΑΛΛΙΑΣΙΣ

Etymology: This word comes from the Greek verb εὐφραίνω (euphrainō), meaning 'to gladden' or 'to make merry'. It is related to the concept of 'well-being' or 'good cheer'.

G0071

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: akh-thay-SOHN-tai

Translations: they will be led, they will be brought, they will be carried

Notes: This word is a verb in the future passive indicative mood. It means that a group of people or things will be led, brought, or carried by someone or something else. It implies an action being done to the subject, rather than the subject performing the action.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Future, Passive, Indicative

Synonyms: ΦΕΡΩ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ

Etymology: The word ἄγω (agō) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to lead, to drive'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages with similar meanings.

G0473

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: AN-tee

Translations: instead of, for, in place of, in return for, opposite to, in exchange for

Notes: This word is a preposition that typically takes the genitive case. It indicates substitution, exchange, or opposition. It can mean 'instead of' or 'in place of' something, 'for' or 'in return for' something, or 'opposite to' or 'against' something. It is used to show that one thing is given or done in the stead of another.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΝΤΙΠΕΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti, meaning 'face to face, opposite'. It is cognate with Latin ante ('before') and Sanskrit anti ('opposite, in front of').

G2525

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-STAY-sace

Translations: you will appoint, you will set, you will establish, you will put, you will make

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to appoint,' 'to set,' 'to establish,' or 'to put in place.' It is used when someone is designated or placed in a particular position, role, or location. For example, it can refer to appointing someone as a ruler, setting up a tent, or establishing a law.

Inflection: Second Person, Singular, Future, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΤΑΣΣΩ, ΟΡΙΖΩ

Etymology: The word καθίστημι (kathistēmi) is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against,' and the verb ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand' or 'to cause to stand.' Thus, it literally means 'to set down' or 'to place firmly.'

G1093

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GAYN

Translations: earth, an earth, land, a land, ground, a ground, country, a country, region, a region

Notes: ΓΗΝ is the accusative singular form of the noun ΓΗ, meaning 'earth', 'land', 'ground', 'country', or 'region'. It is used to indicate the direct object of a verb or the destination of motion, often translated as 'to the earth' or 'into the land' depending on the context and accompanying prepositions. It can refer to the planet, a specific territory, or the soil itself.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΓΕΑ

G3403

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: mnay-STHAY-soh-my

Translations: I will remember, I will call to mind, I will be mindful

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to remember' or 'to call to mind'. It is used to express a future action of recalling something to one's memory. It is a passive form, indicating that the subject will be the one remembering, rather than being remembered.

Inflection: Future, Indicative, First Person, Singular, Passive

Synonyms: ΜΕΛΛΩ ΜΙΜΝΗΣΚΩ, ΜΕΛΛΩ ΕΝΘΥΜΕΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΜΝΑΟΜΑΙ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *men-, meaning 'to think, to remember'. It is related to other words concerning memory and thought.

G3956

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PAH-see

Translations: (to) all, (to) every, (to) whole, (to) any, (of) all, (of) every, (of) whole, (of) any

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all,' 'every,' 'whole,' or 'any.' It is used to describe a quantity or entirety. For example, it can be used with a noun to mean 'all the people' or 'every house.' In the provided examples, 'ΠΑΣΗ ΧΩΡΑ' means 'in every land' or 'in all the land,' indicating its use to modify a feminine singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine; or Singular, Genitive, Feminine; or Plural, Nominative, Neuter; or Plural, Accusative, Neuter; or Plural, Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'all' or 'every.'

G1074

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: geh-neh-AH

Translations: generation, an age, a race, a kind, a generation, an age

Notes: This word refers to a generation, meaning a period of time (typically around 30-40 years), or a group of people born around the same time. It can also denote a race, lineage, or family, or even a particular kind or class of people. It is used to describe a succession of people or a specific era.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΟΣ, ΑΙΩΝ, ΦΥΛΗ

Etymology: From the Greek verb γίνομαι (ginomai), meaning 'to come into being, to be born, to become'. It refers to that which is begotten or produced.

G1843

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eks-oh-moh-loh-GAY-sohn-tai

Translations: they will confess, they will give thanks, they will praise

Notes: This is a compound verb meaning to confess, to acknowledge, to give thanks, or to praise. It is often used in the context of confessing sins or acknowledging God's name, or giving thanks and praise to God. The meaning can shift slightly depending on the context, but it generally involves an open declaration or acknowledgment.

Inflection: Future, Middle or Passive Voice, Indicative Mood, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΟΜΟΛΟΓΕΩ, ΑΙΝΕΩ, ΕΥΧΑΡΙΣΤΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΞΟΜΟΛΟΓΕΩ is a compound of the preposition ΕΚ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and ΟΜΟΛΟΓΕΩ (homologeo), meaning 'to agree', 'to confess', or 'to acknowledge'. The prefix intensifies the action of confessing or acknowledging, implying a full or open declaration.

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Dialogue with Trypho the Jew, Chapter 38

Interlinear version from Justin Martyr (Beta)

38:1

38:2

38:3

38:4

38:5

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