2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G1063

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G3004

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ee-RAY-may-non

Translations: said, spoken, what has been said, a saying, a word

Notes: This word is the perfect passive participle of the verb 'λέγω' (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. As a participle, it functions adjectivally, describing something that 'has been said' or 'spoken'. It can also be used substantively as a noun, referring to 'that which has been said' or 'a saying'. For example, it might refer to a specific statement or a previously mentioned point.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ῬΗΜΑ, ΛΟΓΟΣ, ΦΩΝΗ

Etymology: The verb 'λέγω' (legō) comes from Proto-Indo-European *leg-, meaning 'to collect, gather'. In Greek, it evolved to mean 'to pick out, count, tell, say'.

G1722

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G3754

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G1944

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: eh-pee-kah-tah-RAH-tos

Translations: cursed, accursed, execrable

Notes: This word describes someone or something that is under a curse, or is an object of execration. It implies being condemned or devoted to destruction, often by divine judgment. It is used to emphasize a state of being utterly detestable or condemned.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΡΑΤΟΣ, ΑΝΑΘΕΜΑ

Etymology: Derived from the verb ἐπικαταράομαι (epikataráomai), meaning 'to curse upon' or 'to imprecate'. It is a compound word formed from ἐπί (epi, 'upon, over') and καταράομαι (kataráomai, 'to curse'), which itself comes from κατά (kata, 'down') and ἀράομαι (aráomai, 'to pray, to curse').

G3956

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PAS

Translations: all, every, whole, any, a whole

Notes: This word means 'all', 'every', or 'whole'. It is used to indicate totality or completeness. It can refer to every single item in a group, or the entirety of something. For example, 'all people' or 'the whole house'. It often takes on the meaning of 'every' when used with a singular noun, and 'all' when used with a plural noun. It can also mean 'any' in certain contexts.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words meaning 'all' or 'every' in various Indo-European languages.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G2910

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: kreh-MAH-meh-nos

Translations: hanging, suspended, hung, being hung, being suspended

Notes: This word is a present passive participle, meaning 'hanging' or 'being suspended'. It describes something that is in the process of being hung or is currently in a state of being hung. It can be used to describe a person or object that is suspended from something, often implying a state of being dependent or awaiting a certain outcome.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΡΤΑΩ, ΕΞΑΡΤΑΩ

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to

Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.

G5547

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHRIS-ton

Translations: Christ, the Christ, Anointed One, the Anointed One

Notes: This word refers to the 'Anointed One' or 'Messiah'. In the New Testament, it is primarily used as a title for Jesus, signifying his role as the promised deliverer. It is often used with the definite article 'the' (the Christ) or as a proper name (Christ). As an accusative form, it would typically function as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΕΣΣΙΑΣ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ

G3195

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: MEL-lon-tah

Translations: about to, going to, future, things to come, those who are about to

Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb 'μέλλω', meaning 'to be about to' or 'to be going to'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, describing something that is imminent or in the future. It can refer to future events, future people, or things that are destined to happen. In the provided examples, it refers to 'future things' or 'those who are about to'.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ἘΣΟΜΕΝΑ, ΓΕΝΗΣΟΜΕΝΑ

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ghee-NES-thai

Translations: to become, to happen, to be, to come into being, to be born, to arise, to come to pass

Notes: This verb is very common in Koine Greek and has a broad range of meanings, primarily related to something coming into existence, happening, or changing state. It can describe a process of becoming, an event taking place, or a person being born. It is often used impersonally to mean 'it happened' or 'it came to pass'.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΝΑΩ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΣΥΜΒΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: The word ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵenh₁-, meaning 'to produce, beget, give birth'. It is related to words like 'genesis' and 'generate' in English.

G3754

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-per

Translations: the very thing which, which, whatsoever, as, just as

Notes: ΟΠΕΡ is an intensive relative pronoun, meaning 'the very thing which' or 'whatsoever'. It is used to emphasize the preceding noun or idea, often functioning as a stronger form of 'which' or 'what'. It can introduce a clause that specifies or elaborates on something already mentioned, or it can indicate a cause or reason.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: Ο, ΟΣ, ΟΣΠΕΡ

Etymology: ΟΠΕΡ is a compound word formed from the relative pronoun ὅ (ho), meaning 'who, which, what', and the enclitic particle περ (per), which adds emphasis or intensity, often translated as 'just, even, indeed'.

G3700, G3708

Part of Speech: Noun, Verb

Sounds like: OP-say

Translations: sight, appearance, face, a sight, a face, you will see, you will look, he will see, he will look

Notes: This word has two primary interpretations based on its form. It can be the dative singular of the noun ΟΨΙΣ (opsis), meaning 'sight,' 'appearance,' or 'face.' In this case, it would typically be translated as 'to sight,' 'to appearance,' or 'to face.' It can also be the future active indicative, second or third person singular, of the verb ΟΡΑΩ (horaō), meaning 'to see' or 'to look.' In this case, it would be translated as 'you will see' or 'he/she/it will see.' The context of the sentence is crucial for determining the correct meaning.

Inflection: Dative, Singular (for Noun); Future, Active, Indicative, Second Person Singular or Third Person Singular (for Verb)

Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΕΙΔΟΝ, ΠΡΟΣΩΠΟΝ

G3708

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-DEIN

Translations: to see, to perceive, to behold, to look, to know, to understand

Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'ὁράω' (horao), meaning 'to see'. It is used to express the action of seeing or perceiving in a general sense, often without a specific time frame. It can also imply understanding or knowing something through observation. For example, it might be used in a sentence like 'He desired to see the truth' or 'It is good to see the light'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ, ΕΠΙΒΛΕΠΩ

Etymology: The verb 'ὁράω' (horao) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to see'. The aorist stem 'ἰδ-' (id-) is derived from a different, but related, Proto-Indo-European root, which also means 'to see' or 'to know'.

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ghee-NO-meh-non

Translations: being, becoming, happening, occurring, a thing happening, a thing occurring

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle derived from the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become,' 'to happen,' or 'to come into being.' It describes something that is currently in the process of happening or coming into existence. It can function adjectivally, describing a noun, or substantively, referring to 'that which is happening' or 'the event itself.'

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter, Present, Middle or Passive

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΟΝ, ΟΝ

G2672

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-RAH-stheh

Translations: curse, to curse, you curse, you all curse

Notes: This word means 'to curse' or 'to imprecate evil upon someone'. It is often used in a religious or moral context, referring to the act of invoking divine wrath or misfortune upon a person or thing. It can also imply speaking ill of someone or wishing them harm. In the provided examples, it appears to be used in the imperative or indicative mood, directing someone to curse or stating that they curse.

Inflection: Second Person, Plural, Imperative, Aorist, Middle Voice; or Second Person, Plural, Indicative, Aorist, Middle Voice

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΘΕΜΑΤΙΖΩ, ΕΠΙΚΑΤΑΡΑΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word καταράομαι (kataráomai) is a compound word formed from the preposition κατά (katá), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb ἀράομαι (aráomai), meaning 'to pray' or 'to invoke'. Thus, it literally means 'to invoke against' or 'to pray down evil upon'.

G0575

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: AP

Translations: from, away from, of, by, with, after, since

Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'ἀπό' (apo), which means 'from' or 'away from'. It is commonly used to indicate separation, origin, or cause. It can also function as a prefix in compound words, carrying a similar sense of separation or completion. When used as a preposition, it typically takes the genitive case. The apostrophe indicates that the final vowel (omicron) has been dropped because the next word begins with a vowel.

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition); functions as a prefix in compound words

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: The Greek preposition 'ἀπό' (apo) comes from Proto-Indo-European *apo-, meaning 'off, away'.

G1565

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: eh-KAY-noo

Translations: of that, of that one, of him, of it, that one's, his

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective 'ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ', meaning 'that' or 'that one'. In the genitive case, it indicates possession or origin, translating to 'of that', 'of that one', 'of him', or 'of it'. It can refer to a person or thing previously mentioned or understood from context, distinguishing it from something closer or more immediate.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ' is derived from the demonstrative particle 'ἘΚΕῖ' (there), indicating distance. It points to something or someone far off or distinct from the speaker and listener.

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: geh-no-MEH-nohn

Translations: having become, having happened, having come to pass, of those who became, of those who happened

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ginomai', meaning 'to become', 'to happen', or 'to come into being'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective while retaining verbal characteristics, often indicating an action that has already occurred. It can describe a state of being or an event that has taken place.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΓΕΓΟΝΟΤΩΝ, ΕΓΕΝΟΝΤΟ

Etymology: The word 'ginomai' comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to come into being' or 'to be born'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey ideas of generation, birth, or becoming.

G5546

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHRIS-tee-ah-NOHN

Translations: of Christians

Notes: This word refers to those who are followers of Christ, or adherents to the Christian faith. It is a compound word derived from 'Christos' (Christ) and a suffix indicating belonging or adherence. It is used to describe the community or group of believers.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΓΙΟΙ, ΠΙΣΤΟΙ

Etymology: The word ΧΡΙΣΤΙΑΝΟΣ (Christianos) is derived from ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ (Christos), meaning 'Anointed One' or 'Messiah', with the Latin suffix -ianus, indicating adherence or belonging. It was first used in Antioch to describe the followers of Jesus.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G0235

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: AL-lah

Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed

Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.

G5087

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-THAYN

Translations: I was placed, I was put, I was laid, I was set

Notes: This word is the first person singular, aorist passive indicative form of the verb 'τίθημι' (tithēmi), which means 'to place,' 'to put,' or 'to set.' In this form, it indicates an action that happened in the past, where the subject (I) was the recipient of the action, meaning 'I was placed' or 'I was put.' It describes a completed action in the past where something was done to the speaker.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Passive, Indicative

Synonyms: ΚΕΙΜΑΙ, ΤΑΣΣΩ, ΙΣΤΗΜΙ

Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral, Prefix

Sounds like: AL-fah (as the letter name), ah (as the sound)

Translations: Alpha, A, one, un-, a-

Notes: This is the first letter of the Greek alphabet, equivalent to the English 'A'. It can also function as the numeral '1'. Furthermore, it is commonly used as a prefix (known as the 'alpha privative') when placed before a word, indicating negation, absence, or the opposite of the word's meaning, similar to the English prefixes 'un-' or 'a-'. For example, 'atheist' (without God) comes from 'a-' (without) and 'theos' (God).

Inflection: Does not inflect as a letter or numeral. As a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the word it precedes.

Etymology: The letter 'Alpha' is derived from the Phoenician letter 'aleph', which meant 'ox'. It was adopted by the Greeks and became the first letter of their alphabet.

G1756

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: en-er-GAY

Translations: active, effective, powerful, an active thing, an effective thing, a powerful thing

Notes: This word describes something that is active, effective, or powerful. It is used to characterize something that has the capacity to work or produce an effect. It can refer to something that is operative, efficient, or potent in its action.

Inflection: Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative; Feminine, Singular; or Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative; Neuter, Plural

Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΤΟΣ, ΙΣΧΥΡΟΣ, ΠΡΑΚΤΙΚΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἐνεργής (energēs) comes from the Greek prefix ἐν (en), meaning 'in' or 'within', and ἔργον (ergon), meaning 'work' or 'deed'. Thus, it literally means 'in work' or 'at work', referring to something that is active or effective.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G2671

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kah-TAH-ran

Translations: curse, a curse

Notes: This word refers to a curse, an imprecation, or a malediction. It signifies a pronouncement of divine punishment or misfortune upon someone or something. It is often used in contexts where a negative consequence or judgment is invoked.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΘΕΜΑ, ΑΡΑ

Etymology: The word "κατάρα" (katara) comes from the Greek verb "καταράομαι" (kataraomai), meaning "to curse." It is formed from the prefix "κατά" (kata), meaning "down" or "against," and "ἀρά" (ara), meaning "a prayer, imprecation, curse."

G2038

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: er-GAH-zon-tai

Translations: they work, they do, they perform, they practice, they trade, they earn

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to work', 'to do', 'to perform', or 'to practice'. It can refer to physical labor, carrying out actions, or engaging in a trade or business to earn a living. It is often used to describe the actions or deeds of people.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΔΡΑΩ

Etymology: The verb ἘΡΓΆΖΟΜΑΙ is derived from the noun ἘΡΓΟΝ (ergon), meaning 'work' or 'deed'.

G0337

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ah-nah-ee-ROON-tah

Translations: taking up, taking away, destroying, killing, putting to death, slaying

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'anairéō', which means 'to take up', 'to take away', 'to destroy', or 'to kill'. It describes an action that is ongoing or has just occurred, functioning like an adjective or adverb in a sentence. Depending on the context, it can refer to physically lifting something, removing something, or, most commonly, causing death or destruction.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΛΥΝΤΑ, ΦΟΝΕΥΟΝΤΑ, ΚΤΕΙΝΟΝΤΑ

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G3440

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: MO-non

Translations: only, alone, merely, a single, a solitary

Notes: This word can function as an adverb meaning 'only' or 'merely', indicating exclusivity or limitation. It can also be the neuter singular form of the adjective 'ΜΟΝΟΣ', meaning 'alone' or 'solitary', describing something as being by itself or unique. In its adverbial use, it often modifies verbs or clauses to emphasize that something is done exclusively or that a condition applies solely to one thing.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (as adjective); Does not inflect (as adverb)

Synonyms: ΜΟΝΩΣ, ΜΟΝΟΓΕΝΗΣ

G3739

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: OYS

Translations: to whom, to which, to what

Notes: This word is a relative pronoun, meaning 'to whom', 'to which', or 'to what'. It is used to introduce a relative clause, connecting it to a noun or pronoun in the main clause. It indicates the indirect object of the verb in the relative clause, showing to whom or to what an action is directed. It can refer to people or things and is used for all genders.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders

Synonyms: ΤΙΣ, ὉΠΟΙΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun and is a common form for relative pronouns across Indo-European languages.

G1921

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-pee-GNO-teh

Translations: know, recognize, understand, perceive, learn, become acquainted with

Notes: This word means to know fully, recognize, or understand. It implies a more complete or accurate knowledge than simple 'knowing'. It can be used to describe coming to a full realization or becoming thoroughly acquainted with something or someone. For example, one might 'come to know' or 'fully understand' a truth or a person.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Imperative, Second Person Plural

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΟΙΔΑ, ΣΥΝΙΗΜΙ

G3123

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: MAHL-lon

Translations: more, rather, much more, especially

Notes: This word is a comparative adverb meaning 'more' or 'rather'. It is used to indicate a preference, a greater degree, or an intensification of something. It often appears in contexts where a comparison is being made, suggesting that one thing is true to a greater extent than another, or that one action is preferred over another. For example, it can mean 'more' in terms of quantity or intensity, or 'rather' when expressing a choice or preference.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΛΕΟΝ, ΜΑΛΙΣΤΑ

Etymology: ΜΑΛΛΟΝ is a comparative adverb derived from an obsolete positive form related to the concept of 'much' or 'very'. It functions as the comparative degree of this implied positive.

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G3361

Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G3982

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pei-THOH-meh-NOHN

Translations: of those being persuaded, of those obeying, of those yielding, of those trusting, of those being convinced

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle derived from the verb 'peithō'. It describes an action that is ongoing or habitual. In the middle voice, it means 'to be persuaded' or 'to obey', indicating that the subject is acting upon themselves or for their own benefit. In the passive voice, it means 'to be convinced' or 'to be persuaded' by someone else. As a genitive plural, it often functions to describe the possessor or the source of something, or it can be used in a genitive absolute construction to indicate a circumstance or cause.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΥΠΑΚΟΥΟΝΤΩΝ, ΠΙΣΤΕΥΟΝΤΩΝ

G1565

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: eh-KAY-nohn

Translations: of those, of them, those

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'that' or 'those'. In this inflected form, it indicates possession or origin, translating to 'of those' or 'of them'. It is used to refer to people or things that are distant in space or time, or to distinguish them from others. For example, it might be used in a phrase like 'the houses of those people' or 'the events of those days'.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΩΝ, ΤΟΥΤΩΝ

G0720

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ar-NEH-ee-sthahee

Translations: to deny, to disown, to reject, to refuse

Notes: This word means to deny, disown, or reject something or someone. It can be used in various contexts, such as denying a statement, disowning a person, or rejecting a belief or command. It often implies a refusal to acknowledge or accept something as true or valid.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΚΡΥΠΤΩ, ἈΠΟΤΙΘΗΜΙ

Etymology: From a compound of the prefix 'a-' (negative) and a root related to 'to say' or 'to speak'. It implies a refusal to speak or acknowledge.

G3686

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: O-no-MA

Translations: name, a name, reputation, character, authority

Notes: This word refers to a name, whether of a person, place, or thing. It can also signify one's reputation, character, or even authority, as a name often represents the person or entity itself. It is commonly used in phrases like 'in the name of' to denote authority or representation.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Genitive; Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΛΕΟΣ, ΦΗΜΗ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥. It is cognate with Latin nōmen and English name.

G5547

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: khri-STOO

Translations: of Christ, of the Anointed One, of the Messiah

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of 'ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ' (Christos), meaning 'Anointed One' or 'Messiah'. It refers to the one chosen and consecrated by God, particularly Jesus. As a genitive case, 'ΧΡΙΣΤΟΥ' indicates possession, origin, or relationship, often translated as 'of Christ' or 'belonging to Christ'. It can be used to describe something that pertains to Christ or is from Christ.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΕΣΣΙΑΣ, ΕΚΛΕΚΤΟΣ

G0075

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-goh-nee-ZOH-meh-nohn

Translations: contending, struggling, fighting, striving, competing, wrestling, those who are contending, of those who are contending

Notes: This word describes someone who is actively engaged in a struggle, contest, or fight. It implies intense effort and striving, often in a competitive or challenging situation. It can refer to physical combat, athletic competition, or even a spiritual or moral struggle. As a genitive plural, it often functions to describe 'of those who are contending' or 'belonging to those who are struggling'.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΜΑΧΟΜΕΝΩΝ, ΠΑΛΑΙΟΝΤΩΝ, ἘΡΙΖΟΝΤΩΝ

G3982

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-pee-SMEH-noy

Translations: persuaded, convinced, having been persuaded, having been convinced

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been persuaded' or 'having been convinced'. It describes a state of being persuaded or convinced by someone or something, indicating a settled belief or conviction. It is often used to describe someone who has come to a firm conclusion or belief.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΕΠΙΣΤΕΥΜΕΝΟΙ, ΠΕΠΛΗΡΟΦΟΡΗΜΕΝΟΙ

G3745

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Relative Adjective

Sounds like: OH-sah

Translations: as many as, all that, whatever, how many, all things whatsoever, whatever things

Notes: This word is the neuter plural form of the relative pronoun/adjective ὅσος (hosos). It means 'as many as' or 'all that/which' and is used to introduce a relative clause, referring to an indefinite quantity or number of things. It can function as both a pronoun (e.g., 'whatever things') or an adjective (e.g., 'as many things as'). It can be used in both the nominative and accusative cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: PANTA, HAPAS

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun ὅδε (hode, 'this') and the interrogative pronoun τίς (tis, 'who? what?').

G5261

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-pes-KHEE-tai

Translations: has promised, has pledged, has undertaken

Notes: This word is the third person singular perfect indicative middle/passive of the verb ὑπισχνέομαι (hypiskhneomai), meaning 'to promise' or 'to pledge'. It indicates an action completed in the past with continuing results in the present, specifically that 'he/she/it has promised' or 'has been promised'. It is often used in contexts where a commitment or assurance has been given.

Inflection: Perfect, Indicative, Middle/Passive, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΕΠΑΓΓΕΛΛΟΜΑΙ, ΔΙΔΩΜΙ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ὑπό (hypó, 'under') and ἴσχω (ískhō, 'to hold, to have'). The combination implies holding oneself under an obligation or promise.

G2316

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: THEH-os

Translations: God, a God, Lord

Notes: ΘΕΟΣ (theos) is a singular noun meaning 'God' or 'a god'. In Koine Greek, it is frequently used to refer to the singular, supreme God, often with the definite article. It can also refer to a generic deity or even a human figure considered divine. It functions as a subject or object in sentences, depending on its case.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΠΑΤΗΡ

Etymology: The word ΘΕΟΣ is believed to derive from a Proto-Indo-European root, though its precise origin is debated. It has cognates in various Indo-European languages.

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: dee-AH

Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G0591

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-po-DOH-see

Translations: he will give back, he will pay back, he will render, he will restore, he will repay

Notes: This word describes the action of giving something back, paying a debt, or rendering what is due. It often implies a return or restoration, whether of an object, a payment, or a consequence. It can be used in contexts of repayment, retribution, or fulfilling an obligation.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Future Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΤΙΝΩ, ἈΝΤΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ἈΠΟΚΑΘΙΣΤΗΜΙ

G4314

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G5124

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toys

Translations: (to) these, (for) these, (with) these, (by) these

Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective meaning 'this' or 'that'. It points to something specific, indicating 'these things' or 'these people'. As a dative case, it often indicates the indirect object of a verb, the recipient of an action, or the means/instrument by which something is done. It can be translated as 'to these', 'for these', 'with these', or 'by these', depending on the context.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)

Synonyms: ΟΥ͂ΤΟΙ, ἘΚΕΊΝΟΙΣ

G5228

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-PER

Translations: over, above, for, on behalf of, concerning, beyond, more than

Notes: ΥΠΕΡ is a Koine Greek preposition. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often means 'on behalf of', 'for the sake of', 'concerning', or 'instead of'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'over', 'above', 'beyond', or 'more than', often indicating position or motion.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΙ, ΠΕΡΙ, ΑΝΤΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *uperi, meaning 'over, above'. It is cognate with English 'over' and Latin 'super'.

G2443

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: EE-nah

Translations: in order that, that, so that, to

Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause expressing purpose, result, or content. It often translates to 'in order that' or simply 'that' when indicating the aim or outcome of an action. It can also be used to express a command or exhortation, especially when followed by the subjunctive mood.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣΤΕ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en- (in). It is related to the preposition 'in' and developed into a conjunction expressing purpose or result.

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-POH

Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.

G3778

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: OO-tos

Translations: this, that, he, she, it, these, those, this one, that one

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something or someone that is near, or has just been mentioned. It can function as a substantive (e.g., 'he', 'she', 'it', 'this one') or as an adjective modifying a noun (e.g., 'this man', 'these things'). It often refers to something immediately present or recently discussed in the discourse.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΔΕ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be an ancient demonstrative pronoun in Greek, possibly related to other Indo-European demonstratives.

G2172

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: yoo-KHESTH-ai

Translations: to pray, to wish, to vow

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to pray', 'to wish', or 'to vow'. It is often used in the context of addressing a deity or making a solemn promise. It can describe the act of making a request to God or expressing a strong desire for something to happen. It can also refer to the act of making a solemn commitment or pledge.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΔΕΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΣΕΥΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word originates from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to speak solemnly, to vow'. In ancient Greek, it developed to mean 'to pray, to wish, to vow'.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: GHEE-nes-theh

Translations: be, become, come to pass, happen, arise, be made, be done

Notes: This verb means 'to be,' 'to become,' 'to come into existence,' or 'to happen.' It is often used to describe a change of state or a process, rather than a static condition. It can also mean 'to be made' or 'to be done' when used in the passive voice. In the imperative mood, as in 'ΓΙΝΕΣΘΕ', it functions as a command or exhortation, telling someone to 'be' or 'become' something.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Imperative, 2nd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ

G3629

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: oyk-tir-MO-nes

Translations: merciful, compassionate, those who are merciful, those who are compassionate

Notes: This word describes someone who is full of pity, compassion, or mercy. It is used to characterize individuals or God as having a tenderhearted concern for others, especially those in distress. It can be used in sentences to describe a quality or characteristic of a person or group.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΛΕΗΜΩΝ, ΣΠΛΑΓΧΝΙΖΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΟΙΚΤΙΡΜΩΝ is derived from the verb οἰκτίρω (oiktirō), meaning 'to pity' or 'to have compassion'. It is related to οἶκτος (oiktos), meaning 'pity' or 'compassion'.

G5613

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G5543

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: KHRAY-stos

Translations: useful, good, kind, pleasant, easy, a useful thing, a good thing

Notes: This word describes something as useful, good, or kind. It can also refer to something that is easy or pleasant to deal with. It is used to qualify nouns, indicating a positive quality or characteristic.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΓΑΘΟΣ, ΚΑΛΟΣ, ΕΥΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ (chrēstos) comes from the Greek verb χράομαι (chráomai), meaning 'to use, to employ'. Therefore, it originally meant 'fit for use' or 'useful', and then extended to mean 'good' or 'kind'.

G3708

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: oh-ROH-men

Translations: we see, we behold, we perceive

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to see' or 'to perceive'. It is used to describe the act of observing something with one's eyes or understanding something mentally. It can be used in various contexts, such as seeing a physical object, understanding a concept, or experiencing an event.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, First Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ, ΕΙΔΟΝ

Etymology: The word ΟΡΑΩ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *wer- 'to perceive, to watch'. It is related to Latin 'vereor' (to revere, to fear) and Sanskrit 'varati' (to choose, to wish).

G0393

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: ah-nah-TEL-lon-tah

Translations: rising, appearing, springing up, growing, a rising, an appearing, a springing up, a growing

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'ἀνατέλλω', meaning 'to rise' or 'to cause to rise'. It describes something that is in the process of rising, appearing, or springing up. It can refer to the sun rising, plants growing, or light appearing. It is often used to describe the emergence or beginning of something.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Neuter or Nominative, Plural, Neuter or Accusative, Singular, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ἈΝΑΒΑΙΝΟΝΤΑ, ἘΚΦΥΟΜΕΝΑ, ἈΝΑΤΕΙΛΑΝΤΑ

G0969

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: BREH-khon-tah

Translations: raining, wetting, moistening, a raining one, a wetting one

Notes: This is the present active participle of the verb βρέχω (brechō), meaning 'to rain' or 'to wet/moisten'. As a participle, it describes an action that is currently happening. It can function adjectivally, describing something that is raining or wetting, or substantively, referring to 'the one who is raining' or 'the thing that is wetting'. In this form, it is accusative plural, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition, and it refers to multiple entities.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

G3741

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: OH-see-os

Translations: holy, pious, righteous, devout

Notes: This word describes something or someone as holy, pious, or righteous, often in the sense of being dedicated to God or fulfilling one's duties towards God. It implies a sense of moral purity and devotion. As an adjective, it modifies nouns to describe their quality of holiness or piety.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΓΙΟΣ, ΕΥΣΕΒΗΣ

Etymology: The word ὅσιος (hosios) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the concept of what is permitted or sanctioned by divine law, contrasting with what is profane.

G2919