Home / Interlinears (Beta) / Justin Martyr / Dialogue with Trypho the Jew / Chapter 1Dialogue with Trypho the Jew, Chapter 1
Interlinear version from Justin Martyr (Beta)
G4043
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: peh-ree-pah-TOON-tee
Translations: walking, a walking one, to a walking one, for a walking one
Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb 'περιπατέω' (peripateō), meaning 'to walk around, to conduct oneself, to live'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone who is in the act of walking or living in a certain way. In this dative singular form, it indicates the recipient or indirect object of an action, often translated as 'to/for the one walking' or 'to/for him who is walking'. It can also refer to one's manner of life or conduct.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine or Neuter, Dative, Singular
Synonyms: ΒΑΔΙΖΟΝΤΙ, ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΕΝΩ
Etymology: The word 'περιπατέω' is a compound word formed from 'περί' (peri), meaning 'around', and 'πατέω' (pateō), meaning 'to tread, to walk'. Thus, it literally means 'to walk around'.
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: MOY
Translations: (to) me, (for) me
Notes: ΜΟΙ is the dative form of the first-person singular pronoun 'I'. It is used to indicate the indirect object of a verb, showing to whom or for whom an action is performed. It can also express possession or benefit.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, First Person
Synonyms: ΕΜΟΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a very ancient word, found across many Indo-European languages.
G1627
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: eh-OH-then
Translations: early in the morning, at dawn, from morning
Notes: This word describes a time of day, specifically the early morning or dawn. It is used to indicate that an action or event takes place at the very beginning of the day.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΩΪ, ΟΡΘΡΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΕΩΘΕΝ is derived from the noun ἕως (heōs), meaning 'dawn' or 'morning'. The suffix -θεν indicates origin or direction 'from' or 'from the place of'.
G1722
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: en
Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).
Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toys
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: ΤΟΙΣ is the dative plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, but specifically indicates the indirect object or the recipient of an action, or location/instrument when used with a dative noun. It can be used with masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns in the plural.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into the definite article in Greek.
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G3586
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: XYS-too
Translations: of scraped, of polished, of smoothed, of a scraped, of a polished, of a smoothed, of a portico, of a colonnade, of a promenade
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'scraped,' 'polished,' or 'smoothed.' It can also function as a noun, referring to a 'portico,' 'colonnade,' or 'promenade,' which are typically areas with a smoothed or polished surface. In its adjectival form, it describes something that has been worked to be smooth. As a noun, it refers to a specific type of architectural structure or public walking area.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΛΕΙΟΣ, ΣΤΙΛΠΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΞΥΣΤΟΣ (xystos) comes from the verb ξύω (xyō), meaning 'to scrape,' 'to scratch,' or 'to polish.'
G4043
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: peh-ree-PAH-toys
Translations: to walks, in walks, to a walk, in a walk, to a promenade, in a promenade, to a portico, in a portico
Notes: This word refers to a walk, a promenade, or a place for walking, such as a portico or colonnade. It is used to describe the act of walking or the physical location where one walks. In the dative case, as seen here, it often indicates the place where an action occurs or the means by which something is done.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΔΟΣ, ΒΑΔΙΣΜΑ, ΠΟΡΕΙΑ
G4876
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Part of Speech: Participle, Verb
Sounds like: soon-AN-tay-sas
Translations: having met, meeting, encountering, coming together, coming upon
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having met' or 'when one met'. It describes an action that occurred prior to the main verb of the sentence. It is used to indicate that someone came into contact with another person or thing, often by chance or by appointment. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'Having met him, I spoke to him.'
Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular
Synonyms: ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΑΣ, ΣΥΝΤΥΧΩΝ
G5101
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Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective
Sounds like: TEES
Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing
Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.
Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.
Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.
G3326
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: MEH-tah
Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides
Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G0243
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: AL-lohn
Translations: of other, of others, of another, of different
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to refer to things or people that are distinct from those already mentioned or implied. As a genitive plural, it often translates to 'of others' or 'of other things', indicating possession or relation.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΩΝ, ΛΟΙΠΩΝ
G5386
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: fee-LO-so-feh
Translations: O philosopher, philosopher
Notes: This word is the vocative singular form of the noun 'philosopher'. It is a compound word derived from 'φίλος' (philos), meaning 'loving' or 'dear', and 'σοφία' (sophia), meaning 'wisdom'. Therefore, a philosopher is literally one who loves wisdom. It is used to directly address someone as a philosopher.
Inflection: Vocative, Singular, Masculine
G5463
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: KHAH-ee-reh
Translations: rejoice, be glad, hail, greetings
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to rejoice' or 'to be glad'. It is often used as a greeting, similar to 'Hail!' or 'Greetings!' in English, expressing a wish for someone to be well or happy. It can also be used as an imperative command to express joy or happiness.
Inflection: Present, Active, Imperative, Second Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΕΥΦΡΑΙΝΩ, ΑΓΑΛΛΙΑΩ
G5346
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EH-fay
Translations: he said, she said, it said, he spoke, she spoke, it spoke
Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist indicative active form of the verb 'φημί' (phēmi), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to report what someone said or spoke in the past, often translated as 'he said' or 'she said'. It can be used in various contexts to introduce direct or indirect speech.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΕΙΠΕΝ
G0260
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition
Sounds like: AH-mah
Translations: at the same time, together, with, at once, simultaneously
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'at the same time' or 'together'. It emphasizes simultaneity or togetherness of actions or people. It can also function as an improper preposition, taking the dative case, to mean 'together with' or 'with'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΜΟΥ, ΣΥΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words signifying 'together' or 'at the same time' in various Indo-European languages.
G2036
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ay-PONE
Translations: having said, saying, speaking, after saying
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having said' or 'after saying'. It describes an action that was completed before the main verb of the sentence. It is often used to introduce direct or indirect speech, indicating that someone has spoken. For example, 'Having said this, he left.'
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist Active Participle
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩΝ, ΛΑΛΩΝ, ΦΑΣΚΩΝ
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TOO-toh
Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that
Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.
G1994
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Part of Speech: Participle, Verb
Sounds like: ep-is-traf-EES
Translations: having turned back, having returned, having been converted, having been restored
Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle, meaning 'having turned back' or 'having returned'. It describes an action that has been completed prior to the main verb of the sentence. It can also carry the sense of being converted or restored, especially in a spiritual context. It is often used to describe someone changing direction, either physically or metaphorically.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Masculine
Synonyms: ἈΠΟΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ἘΠΙΣΤΡΕΦΩ
G4837
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: soom-peh-ree-eh-PAH-tei
Translations: walked with, accompanied, went about with
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from 'σύν' (with), 'περί' (around), and 'πατέω' (to walk). It means to walk around with someone, to accompany them, or to associate with them. It describes the act of moving together with another person or group.
Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΟΔΕΥΩ, ΣΥΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ
G4944
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: soon-eh-peh-STREH-fon
Translations: they were returning with, they were turning back with, they were associating with
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the prefixes 'συν-' (together with) and 'ἐπι-' (upon, to, in addition) and the verb 'στρέφω' (to turn). It means to turn back with someone, to return together, or to associate with others. It describes an action of turning or returning that involves companionship or a group.
Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice, Third Person Plural
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΣΥΝΟΔΕΥΩ
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Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral
Sounds like: DEL-tah
Translations: Delta, four, 4
Notes: Δ (Delta) is the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet. In the Greek numeral system, it represents the number four. It is also used as a symbol in various contexts, including mathematics and science, though its primary function in Koine Greek texts is as a letter or a numeral.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The Greek letter Delta is derived from the Phoenician letter Dalet, which means 'door'.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOH
Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself
Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection
Sounds like: OY
Translations: the, who, they, oh
Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.
Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.
G5384
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Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective
Sounds like: FEE-loy
Translations: friends, a friend, friendly
Notes: This word refers to a friend or someone who is friendly. It is used to describe a close companion or an ally. In the provided examples, it consistently refers to a group of friends or associates.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΤΑΙΡΟΙ, ΣΥΝΕΡΓΟΙ, ΣΥΝΤΡΟΦΟΙ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOO
Translations: (of) him, his, (of) it, its
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun. In this genitive singular form, it typically means 'of him,' 'his,' 'of it,' or 'its,' indicating possession or origin. It can refer to a male person or a neuter object/concept.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ (autos) is of uncertain origin, possibly from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'self'. It is an ancient Greek word that has been in continuous use.
G2532, G1473
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Pronoun
Sounds like: kah-GOH
Translations: and I, but I, I also, I too
Notes: This word is a crasis (a contraction of two words into one) of the conjunction "καὶ" (kai, meaning "and" or "but") and the first-person singular pronoun "ἐγώ" (egō, meaning "I"). It therefore means "and I" or "but I," often emphasizing the "I" or indicating that the speaker is also included in an action or statement. It functions as a subject pronoun.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Nominative
G1727
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: em-PAH-lin
Translations: again, back, on the contrary, conversely, in turn
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'again,' 'back,' or 'on the contrary.' It is used to indicate a return to a previous state or action, or to express an opposite or contrasting idea. For example, it can be used to say 'to go back' or 'to do something again,' or to introduce a statement that contradicts a previous one.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΑΛΙΝ, ἈΝΤΙΠΑΛΙΝ
Etymology: From the preposition ἐν (en, 'in') and πάλιν (palin, 'back, again'). It literally means 'in back' or 'in again'.
G4316
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: pros-ah-go-REH-oo-sas
Translations: having addressed, having greeted, having called, having named, having proclaimed
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'προσαγορεύω'. It describes an action completed in the past by the subject of the main verb, often translated as 'having addressed' or 'having called'. It indicates that the action of addressing or naming occurred prior to or concurrently with the main action of the sentence.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Active, Participle
Synonyms: ΚΑΛΕΩ, ΟΝΟΜΑΖΩ, ΠΡΟΣΦΩΝΕΩ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: him, it, himself, itself
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun, typically meaning 'him' or 'it' when used as a personal pronoun. It can also be used intensively to mean 'himself' or 'itself', emphasizing the subject or object. It refers to a previously mentioned male person or a neuter object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter
G5101
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TEE
Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing
Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.
G3122
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: MA-lis-TA
Translations: especially, most, indeed, yes, certainly, above all
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'especially,' 'most,' or 'above all.' It is often used to emphasize a particular point or item in a list. It can also be used as a strong affirmation, meaning 'yes,' 'certainly,' or 'indeed.'
Inflection: Superlative form of ΜΑΛΑ; Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΑΛΛΟΝ, ΠΕΡΙΣΣΟΤΕΡΩΣ
Etymology: From the adverb ΜΑΛΑ (mala), meaning 'very' or 'much.' ΜΑΛΙΣΤΑ is its superlative form, indicating 'most' or 'very much so.'
G5346
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-FAYN
Translations: I said, he said, she said, it said
Notes: This is the first aorist active indicative form of the verb 'φημί' (phēmi), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to report what someone said in the past, often translated as 'I said' or 'he/she/it said' depending on the context. It can refer to a specific utterance or a general statement made previously.
Inflection: First Aorist, Active, Indicative, Singular, First or Third Person
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΕΙΠΩΝ, ΛΑΛΕΩ
Etymology: The verb φημί (phēmi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeh₂- meaning 'to speak, tell, say'. It is related to Latin fari ('to speak') and English 'ban' (in the sense of proclamation).
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter
Sounds like: OH
Translations: the, who, which, O
Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)
Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.
G1161
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: DEH
Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however
Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.
G1321
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-di-DAKH-thayn
Translations: I was taught, I learned
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'I was taught' or 'I learned'. It is the first person singular, aorist passive indicative form of the verb 'didaskō', which means 'to teach'. In this passive form, the subject is the one receiving the teaching.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Passive
G0007
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: AR-geh-ee
Translations: Argos, in Argos
Notes: This word refers to Argos, an ancient city in Greece. In the provided context, it is used to indicate a location, specifically 'in Argos'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Neuter
G5346
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: PHAY-sin
Translations: he says, she says, it says, he said, she said, it said
Notes: This word is a common verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to report what someone else has said or to introduce a direct quote. It can be translated as 'he says', 'she says', or 'it says', and often implies 'he/she/it said' in narrative contexts.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΕΡΩ
Etymology: The word ΦΗΜΙ (phēmi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to speak' or 'to show'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey the idea of speaking or declaring.
G5259
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: hoo-POH
Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.
G2882
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: koh-RIN-thoo
Translations: of Corinth
Notes: This is the genitive singular form of 'Corinth', an ancient and important city in Greece, located on the isthmus connecting the Peloponnese to mainland Greece. The genitive case indicates possession, origin, or association, so 'of Corinth' means something belonging to, coming from, or related to the city of Corinth.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: From an uncertain pre-Greek origin, possibly related to the name of the city itself. It refers to the ancient city of Corinth.
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: soh-KRA-tee-koo
Translations: Socratic, of Socrates, a Socratic
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'Socratic' or 'pertaining to Socrates'. It describes something that is characteristic of, related to, or derived from the philosopher Socrates. It is used to modify a noun, indicating a connection to Socrates or his philosophy.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
G3754
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OH-tee
Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which
Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ
Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OO
Translations: not, no
Notes: ΟΥ̓ is a negative particle used to express a factual negation. It typically negates verbs in the indicative mood, stating that something is not true or does not happen. It can also negate other parts of speech. When combined with ΜΉ (ou mē), it forms a very strong negation, meaning "by no means" or "never."
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ, ΟΥ̓Κ, ΟΥ̓ΧΊ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a fundamental negative particle in Greek.
G1163
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Part of Speech: Impersonal Verb
Sounds like: DEH-ee
Translations: it is necessary, one must, it is proper, it behooves
Notes: This is an impersonal verb meaning 'it is necessary' or 'one must'. It expresses a strong sense of obligation, necessity, or inevitability. It is often used with an infinitive to indicate what must be done or what is destined to happen.
Inflection: Impersonal, 3rd person singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΧΡΗ, ΑΝΑΓΚΗ ΕΣΤΙΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *deyh₂- (to shine, to gleam), which developed into the sense of 'to be visible, to appear', and then 'to be proper, to be necessary'.
G2706
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kah-tah-froh-NEH-in
Translations: to despise, to scorn, to disdain, to look down on, to treat with contempt
Notes: This verb means to hold someone or something in contempt, to look down upon them, or to treat them with disregard. It implies a sense of superiority or a lack of respect for the object of the action. It is often used to describe an attitude of contempt towards laws, people, or things considered inferior.
Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active
Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡΟΡΑΩ, ΟΛΙΓΩΡΕΩ, ΑΘΕΤΕΩ
Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΑΦΡΟΝΕΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb ΦΡΟΝΕΩ (phroneo), meaning 'to think' or 'to have understanding'. Thus, it literally means 'to think down upon' or 'to think against'.
G3761
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction
Sounds like: oo-DEH
Translations: not even, neither, nor, and not
Notes: This is a compound word formed from the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the conjunction 'δέ' (but, and). It is used to emphasize a negation, meaning 'not even' or 'neither/nor'. It can connect clauses or phrases, indicating that something is also not true or not happening. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'He did not go, nor did he send anyone.'
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΜΗΔΕ, ΜΗ
Etymology: From the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the postpositive conjunction 'δέ' (but, and).
G0272
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-meh-LEH-in
Translations: to neglect, to be careless, to disregard, to be unconcerned, to pay no attention
Notes: This word is a verb meaning to neglect, to be careless, or to disregard something or someone. It implies a lack of concern or attention towards a duty, person, or matter. It can be used in sentences to express the act of failing to care for or attend to something.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΦΡΟΝΕΩ, ὈΛΙΓΩΡΕΩ
Etymology: The word ἀμελέω (ameleō) is formed from the negative prefix ἀ- (a-) meaning 'not' or 'without' and μέλει (melei) meaning 'it is a care' or 'it concerns'. Thus, it literally means 'not to care' or 'not to be concerned'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G4029
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: peh-ree-KEE-meh-nohn
Translations: lying around, surrounding, those surrounding, things surrounding, those lying around, things lying around
Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle derived from the verb 'perikeimai', meaning 'to lie around' or 'to be placed around'. It describes something or someone that is situated around or encompassing something else. In the genitive plural, as it appears here, it often refers to 'those things or people that are surrounding' or 'of those things/people that are lying around'. It can be used to refer to circumstances, objects, or individuals that are in the immediate vicinity or context.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΚΥΚΛΟΘΕΝ, ΚΥΚΛΩ
G3592
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TO-deh
Translations: this, this here, the following, a this
Notes: ΤΟΔΕ is the neuter nominative or accusative singular form of the demonstrative pronoun ὅδε. It is used to point to something specific that is near the speaker or has just been mentioned, often translated as 'this' or 'this here'. It can also refer to something that is about to be mentioned, meaning 'the following'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΥΤΟΣ, ΟΥΤΩΣ
Etymology: From the definite article ὁ (ho) and the enclitic particle -δε (-de), which indicates proximity or direction 'to here'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G4976
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: SKHEE-mah
Translations: form, a form, figure, a figure, appearance, an appearance, fashion, a fashion, outward show
Notes: This word refers to the outward form, appearance, or fashion of something. It describes the external shape or presentation, often implying something that is transient or superficial, as opposed to the inner essence or nature. It can be used to describe the physical shape of an object, the manner or style of a person's behavior, or the general state of things.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΜΟΡΦΗ, ΕΙΔΟΣ, ΤΥΠΟΣ
Etymology: From the verb ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold', through its perfect passive stem, referring to that which is held or has a certain shape or condition.
G0243
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Part of Speech: Prefix
Sounds like: ALL
Translations: other, another, different, foreign
Notes: This is a prefix form of the word 'ἄλλος' (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to form compound words that convey the idea of something being different, foreign, or belonging to another group. For example, 'ἀλλογενῶν' means 'of other races', 'ἀλλότριοι' means 'strangers' or 'foreigners', and 'ἀλλόφυλους' means 'foreigners' or 'of another tribe'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix)
Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.
G1537
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EK
Translations: out of, from, of
Notes: ἘΚ is a preposition meaning 'out of' or 'from,' indicating origin, source, or separation. It always governs the genitive case, meaning the noun or pronoun following it will be in the genitive form. It can also be used to express the cause or means by which something occurs.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἈΠΌ
Etymology: From a primary preposition, meaning 'out of' or 'from'. It is a fundamental word in Greek, indicating separation or origin.
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-tos
Translations: (of) all, (of) every, (of) whole, (of) each
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the adjective 'ΠΑΣ' (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'. As a genitive form, it indicates possession or relationship, often translated with 'of'. It can refer to a part of a whole, or to the entirety of something. For example, 'of all things' or 'of every person'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G5387
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: fee-loh-froh-NEH-sthai
Translations: to be friendly, to show kindness, to treat kindly, to be courteous, to be hospitable
Notes: This word is a verb meaning to act in a friendly, kind, or courteous manner. It implies showing goodwill and hospitality towards others. It is often used to describe how one should interact with guests or strangers, treating them with warmth and consideration.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΕΥΦΡΑΙΝΩ, ΑΓΑΠΑΩ, ΦΙΛΕΩ
Etymology: The word is a compound of ΦΙΛΟΣ (philos), meaning 'dear, friendly', and ΦΡΗΝ (phrēn), meaning 'mind, spirit'. Thus, it literally means 'to be of a friendly mind' or 'to show a friendly spirit'.
G4314
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pros-oh-mi-LEIN
Translations: to speak with, to converse with, to associate with, to have dealings with
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the prefix 'προς' (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and 'ὁμιλέω' (homileō), meaning 'to associate with' or 'to converse'. Therefore, 'προσομιλεῖν' means to speak with someone, to engage in conversation, or to have close association or dealings with them. It implies interaction and communication.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΣΥΝΟΜΙΛΕΩ
G5037
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle
Sounds like: TEH
Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOYS
Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her
Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
G1519, G1487, G1488
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb
Sounds like: E
Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are
Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).
G3789
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: O-FEH-loss
Translations: profit, advantage, benefit, a profit, an advantage, a benefit
Notes: This word refers to profit, advantage, or benefit. It is often used to describe something that is useful or helpful, or the gain derived from an action or situation. It can be used in contexts where one might ask, 'What is the benefit of this?' or 'There is no advantage in that.'
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΚΕΡΔΟΣ, ΩΦΕΛΕΙΑ, ΧΡΗΣΙΣ
Etymology: The word ὈΦΕΛΟΣ is derived from the verb ὀφέλλω (ophellō), meaning 'to increase, to help, to benefit.' It is related to the concept of growth or gain.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: THAYS
Translations: of the
Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.
G4926
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: soon-oo-SEE-as
Translations: of association, of intercourse, of company, of communion, of cohabitation
Notes: This word refers to the act of being together, association, or company. It can also refer to sexual intercourse or cohabitation. It is a compound word formed from the preposition σύν (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together,' and οὐσία (ousia), meaning 'being' or 'substance.'
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΑ, ΣΥΝΟΔΙΑ, ΣΥΝΕΛΕΥΣΙΣ
G1096
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: GEH-noi-toh
Translations: let it be, may it be, so be it, amen
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'to become' or 'to happen'. In this specific form, it is in the optative mood, which expresses a wish, a prayer, or a strong desire. It is often translated as 'let it be' or 'may it happen', similar to the English 'amen' when used to affirm a statement or prayer.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle, Optative, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ἘΙΗ, ΓΕΝΗΘΗΤΩ
Etymology: The word ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to come into being' or 'to be born'.
G2228, G3588
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Definite Article, Numeral
Sounds like: AY
Translations: or, the, 8
Notes: This word can function as a conjunction meaning 'or', indicating an alternative or choice between two or more options. It can also be the feminine nominative singular form of the definite article 'the', used to specify a feminine noun that is the subject of a sentence. The '̓' (coronis) indicates that this form is an elision, meaning it's a shortened form of a word like ἤ (e.g., when followed by a vowel). Additionally, the '̓' could be a keraia, indicating the numeral 8.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as conjunction or numeral); Singular, Nominative, Feminine (as definite article)
Etymology: The conjunction ἤ (e.g., from which Ἠ is an elision) is of uncertain origin. The definite article ἡ (from which Ἠ is an elision) comes from Proto-Indo-European. The numeral meaning is derived from the Greek letter eta (Η), which was used to represent the number 8.
G1565
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: eh-KAY-noh
Translations: to that, for that, with that, by that, that one
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'that' or 'that one'. It is used to point out something or someone that is distant in space or time, or to refer back to something previously mentioned. In this form, it is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object or the means/instrument by which something is done. It often translates as 'to that', 'for that', or 'with that', depending on the context.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΥΤΟΣ, ΟΔΕ
G1698
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-MOY
Translations: (to) me, (for) me, (by) me, (with) me
Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the first-person personal pronoun 'I'. It indicates the indirect object of a verb, showing to whom or for whom an action is performed. It can also express possession, agency, or association, depending on the context and the preposition it might be used with.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Common Gender
Synonyms: ΜΟΙ
G0297
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: am-fo-TEH-roys
Translations: both, to both, for both
Notes: This word means 'both' and refers to two entities or groups. It is used to indicate that something applies to or involves two distinct things or people. In the provided examples, it is used in the dative case, indicating 'to both' or 'for both'.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
G0018
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: ah-gah-THON
Translations: good, a good thing, benefit, advantage, what is good
Notes: This word describes something that is good, beneficial, or morally upright. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, indicating its positive quality. As a neuter noun, it often refers to 'a good thing' or 'what is good' in a general sense, encompassing both moral excellence and practical benefit. It is frequently used to describe actions, outcomes, or qualities that are desirable or virtuous.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΚΑΛΟΣ, ΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word originates from Proto-Indo-European, referring to something that is 'good' or 'noble'. It has cognates in various Indo-European languages.
G2076
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ES-tee
Translations: is, he is, she is, it is, there is
Notes: This word is the third person singular present indicative form of the verb 'to be'. It is used to express existence, identity, or a state of being. For example, it can mean 'he is', 'she is', 'it is', or simply 'is' in a sentence.
Inflection: Third person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is cognate with the English word 'is' and Latin 'est'.
G2532, G0302
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle
Sounds like: KAN
Translations: even if, although, and if, even though, if, though
Notes: ΚἈΝ is a compound word, formed by the contraction of the conjunction ΚΑΙ (and, also, even) and the particle ἈΝ (a conditional or potential particle). It is used to introduce a conditional clause, often with a concessive sense, meaning 'even if' or 'although'. It can also simply mean 'and if' or 'if' in certain contexts, indicating a hypothetical situation.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕἸ ΚΑΙ, ΚΑΙΠΕΡ
G2087
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: THA-teh-ross
Translations: the other, the other one, the second
Notes: This word is a contraction of the definite article 'ὁ' (ho, 'the') and the adjective 'ἕτερος' (heteros, 'other'). It refers to the other of two distinct things or persons, or the second one mentioned. It is used to distinguish one item from another in a pair.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΛΛΟΣ
Etymology: The word ἕτερος (heteros) comes from Proto-Indo-European *sem-tero- meaning 'the other of two'. It is related to the English word 'other'.
G5623
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Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective
Sounds like: oh-feh-LEE-meh-nos
Translations: benefited, profited, helped, having been benefited, having been helped
Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle derived from the verb 'ὠφελέω' (opheleō), meaning 'to benefit' or 'to help'. As a perfect passive participle, it describes someone or something that has already received a benefit or help, indicating a completed action and a resulting state. It functions adjectivally, modifying a noun to describe its state of having been benefited or profited.
Inflection: Perfect Passive Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular
Synonyms: ΒΕΒΟΗΘΗΜΕΝΟΣ, ΚΕΧΑΡΙΣΜΕΝΟΣ
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOO-too
Translations: of this, of him, of it
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the demonstrative pronoun 'this' or 'he/she/it'. It indicates possession or origin, often translated as 'of this' or 'of him/it', and is used to point out something specific that has already been mentioned or is understood from context.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΥ
G3767
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: OON
Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed
Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.
G5485
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHA-rin
Translations: grace, favor, kindness, thanks, a grace, a favor, a kindness, a thanks
Notes: This word refers to grace, favor, or kindness, often implying a divine or unmerited gift. It can also mean thanks or gratitude. In its accusative form, as seen in ΧΑΡΙΝ, it often functions as the direct object of a verb, such as 'to find favor' or 'to give thanks'. It can also be used in adverbial phrases meaning 'for the sake of' or 'on account of'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΥΝΟΙΑ, ΔΩΡΟΝ, ΕΥΧΑΡΙΣΤΙΑ
Etymology: The word ΧΑΡΙΣ (charis) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰer- meaning 'to desire, to like'. It is related to words signifying joy, delight, and goodwill.
G3752
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: OH-tan
Translations: when, whenever, as often as, at the time that
Notes: This word is a conjunction or adverb used to introduce a temporal clause, indicating a point in time or a condition. It means 'when' or 'whenever,' suggesting that something happens at a specific moment or repeatedly under certain circumstances. It is often followed by the subjunctive mood in Koine Greek.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΤΕ, ΗΝΙΚΑ
Etymology: From the conjunction ὅτε (hote, 'when') and the particle ἄν (an, indicating potential or contingency).
G1492
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ee-DOH
Translations: I may see, I might see, that I may see
Notes: This is a verb form meaning 'to see'. Specifically, it is the first person singular aorist active subjunctive of the verb 'εἶδον' (eidon), which serves as the aorist of 'ὁράω' (horao). The subjunctive mood indicates possibility, desire, or purpose, often translated with 'may' or 'might', or introduced by 'that' in a purpose clause.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Subjunctive
Synonyms: ΟΡΑΩ, ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ
Etymology: The verb 'εἶδον' (eidon) is an aorist form that comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to see' or 'to know'. It is related to the English word 'wit' and 'idea'.
G5100
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TEE-nah
Translations: who, what, which, some, any, a certain one, something, anything
Notes: ΤΙΝΑ is an inflected form of the pronoun/adjective ΤΙΣ. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', 'anything', 'a certain one', or 'some'. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it is used in a question or a statement. It can function as both a pronoun standing alone or an adjective modifying a noun.
Inflection: Accusative Singular Masculine or Feminine, or Nominative/Accusative Plural Neuter
G1722
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EN
Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at, into, to
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its primary meaning is 'in' or 'within,' indicating location, time, or state. It always takes the dative case. Depending on the context, it can also be translated as 'on,' 'among,' 'with' (indicating accompaniment or instrument), 'by' (indicating means or agent), or 'at.' Sometimes it can imply motion into a place, similar to 'into' or 'to,' especially when the context suggests movement towards a location where something then resides.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It is cognate with English 'in'.
G5108
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: toy-OO-toh
Translations: (to) such, (to) such a one, (to) such a kind, (by) such, (by) such a one, (by) such a kind
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'such' or 'of such a kind'. It is used to describe a person or thing that is of the nature or quality previously mentioned or implied. As an adjective, it agrees with the noun it modifies in gender, number, and case. In this dative singular form, it can indicate the indirect object ('to such a one') or an instrument/means ('by such a one').
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΤΟΙΟΣΔΕ, ΟΙΟΣ
G4976
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: SKHE-mah-tee
Translations: (to) form, (to) appearance, (to) figure, (to) fashion, (to) a form, (to) an appearance
Notes: This word refers to the outward form, appearance, or figure of something. It describes the external shape or fashion, rather than the intrinsic nature or substance. It can be used to describe the physical shape of an object or the general outward presentation of a person or thing.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΜΟΡΦΗ, ΕΙΔΟΣ, ΤΥΠΟΣ
G0794
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: ahs-MEH-nohs
Translations: gladly, with pleasure, joyfully, eagerly
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'gladly' or 'with pleasure'. It describes an action performed with willingness, joy, or eagerness. It is often used to indicate a positive and enthusiastic response to something.
Inflection: Does not inflect (adverbial form of ἀσμενός)
Synonyms: ΗΔΕΩΣ, ΠΡΟΘΥΜΩΣ, ΕΥΦΡΟΣΥΝΩΣ
Etymology: The word ἀσμένως is derived from the adjective ἀσμενός (asmenos), meaning 'glad' or 'well-pleased'. It is related to the verb ἥδομαι (hēdomai), 'to be pleased'.
G4334
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pros-ER-kho-my
Translations: to come to, to approach, to draw near, to go to
Notes: This is a compound verb meaning 'to come to' or 'to approach'. It describes the action of moving towards someone or something, often with the intention of interacting or engaging. It can be used in various contexts, such as approaching a person, a place, or even a concept. It implies a movement of drawing closer.
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, 1st Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΛΗΣΙΑΖΩ, ΠΑΡΑΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: This word is a compound of the preposition ΠΡΟΣ (pros), meaning 'to, toward, with', and the verb ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ (erchomai), meaning 'to come, to go'. Thus, its meaning is literally 'to come towards'.
G4571
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: SEH
Translations: you
Notes: ΣΕ is the accusative singular form of the second-person pronoun, meaning 'you' when it is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition. It indicates the person to whom an action is done or directed.
Inflection: Second Person, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is the accusative form of the second-person singular pronoun.
G2596
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: KAH-tah
Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along
Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: ow-TAH
Translations: them, these things, it, the same
Notes: This word is an inflection of the pronoun/adjective 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ' (autos). In this form, it functions as a neuter plural pronoun, meaning 'them' or 'these things', referring to inanimate objects or concepts. It can also be used as an adjective meaning 'the same'. It typically serves as the subject or direct object of a verb.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΙ, ἘΚΕΙΝΑ
G2234
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: HAY-deh-ohs
Translations: gladly, cheerfully, with pleasure, willingly
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'gladly' or 'with pleasure'. It describes an action that is performed willingly, joyfully, or with a sense of delight. It indicates a positive disposition towards the action being taken.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΘΥΜΩΣ, ΕΥΦΡΟΣΥΝΩΣ
Etymology: The word Ἡδέως is derived from the adjective Ἡδύς (hēdys), meaning 'sweet' or 'pleasant'. It describes something that is agreeable or delightful.
G3568
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: NOON
Translations: now, at present, at this time
Notes: ΝΥΝ is an adverb meaning 'now' or 'at present'. It refers to the current moment in time. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a conclusion in a discourse, indicating a shift to the present situation or a logical consequence.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΡΤΙ, ΗΔΗ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now'. It is cognate with Latin nunc and English 'now'.
G4377
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pros-EYE-pon
Translations: to address, to speak to, to call to, to greet
Notes: This word is an aorist form of the verb meaning 'to address' or 'to speak to'. It is a compound word formed from 'πρός' (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and 'λέγω' (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It describes the action of directing speech towards someone, often in a formal or direct manner, such as greeting them or calling out to them. It can be used in contexts where someone initiates a conversation or makes a statement directly to another person.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΦΩΝΕΩ, ΠΡΟΣΛΑΛΕΩ
Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to, towards, in addition to', and the verb λέγω (legō), meaning 'to say, speak'. The aorist form εἶπον is used from the root λέγω.
G3778
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: OO-toy
Translations: these, they
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they'. It is used to point out or refer to specific people or things that are nearby or have just been mentioned. It functions similarly to 'these ones' or 'these people' in English.
Inflection: Nominative, Masculine, Plural
G2033
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: soon-eh-FEH-pon-tai
Translations: they follow along with, they accompany, they attend
Notes: This is a compound verb, formed from 'σύν' (with), 'ἐπί' (upon/to), and 'ἕπομαι' (to follow). It means 'to follow along with' or 'to accompany'. It describes an action where multiple subjects are following or attending someone or something together.
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Plural
Synonyms: ΑΚΟΛΟΥΘΕΩ, ΠΑΡΑΚΟΛΟΥΘΕΩ
G4328
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: pros-doh-KOHN-tes
Translations: expecting, waiting for, looking for, anticipating
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'expecting' or 'waiting for'. It describes someone who is actively anticipating something or someone. It is often used to indicate a state of hopeful or anxious expectation, and can be used to describe people who are looking forward to a future event or the arrival of a person.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΜΕΝΟΝΤΕΣ, ΠΡΟΣΔΕΧΟΜΕΝΟΙ, ΑΠΕΚΔΕΧΟΜΕΝΟΙ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOY
Translations: they, them, themselves, these, those
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun that can function in several ways. It can be used as an intensive pronoun meaning 'self' or 'themselves', emphasizing the subject. It can also serve as a simple third-person pronoun meaning 'he, she, it, they' or 'him, her, it, them'. When used with the article, it often functions as an adjective meaning 'the same'.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
G0191
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-koo-SES-thai
Translations: to hear, to listen, to understand, to obey
Notes: This word is the future middle infinitive form of the verb 'to hear'. It signifies the act of hearing or listening in a future context, often implying understanding or obedience. It can be used in sentences where someone is expected or going to hear something, or to indicate the purpose of listening.
Inflection: Future, Middle Voice, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΕΧΩ, ΥΠΑΚΟΥΩ
G5543
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: KHRAY-stos
Translations: useful, good, kind, pleasant, easy, a useful thing, a good thing
Notes: This word describes something as useful, good, or kind. It can also refer to something that is easy or pleasant to deal with. It is used to qualify nouns, indicating a positive quality or characteristic.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΓΑΘΟΣ, ΚΑΛΟΣ, ΕΥΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ (chrēstos) comes from the Greek verb χράομαι (chráomai), meaning 'to use, to employ'. Therefore, it originally meant 'fit for use' or 'useful', and then extended to mean 'good' or 'kind'.
G4771
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Part of Speech: Personal Pronoun
Sounds like: soo
Translations: of you, your, yours
Notes: ΣΟΥ is the genitive singular form of the second-person personal pronoun 'you'. It indicates possession or relationship, similar to 'your' or 'of you' in English. It can be used to show that something belongs to the person being addressed, or to indicate the object of certain prepositions or verbs that take the genitive case.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, All genders
G4771
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: soo
Translations: you
Notes: This word is a personal pronoun meaning 'you' (singular). It is used when addressing a single person directly, typically as the subject of a sentence. It can also be used emphatically to highlight the person being addressed.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Second Person
Etymology: The word 'ΣΥ' is an ancient Greek pronoun, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has been consistently used throughout various stages of the Greek language to refer to the second person singular.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ES-see
Translations: you are
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'to be', meaning 'you are'. It is used to describe the state or identity of a single person being addressed directly. For example, it can be used in sentences like 'you are good' or 'you are a man'.
Inflection: 2nd Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a fundamental verb in Greek, indicating existence or identity.
G5342
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: FEH-ris-teh
Translations: best, most excellent, most noble, a best, an excellent, a most noble
Notes: This word is the superlative form of the adjective 'good' or 'excellent'. It means 'best' or 'most excellent'. It is often used to address someone as 'O best one' or 'O most excellent one', indicating high regard or praise.
Inflection: Singular, Vocative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΡΙΣΤΟΣ, ΚΡΑΤΙΣΤΟΣ
G0982
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: bro-TON
Translations: of mortals, of men, of mankind, of humans
Notes: This word refers to mortals or human beings, emphasizing their transient and perishable nature. It is often used in contrast to immortal beings like gods. In a sentence, it would typically appear in a genitive construction, indicating possession or relationship, such as 'the fate of mortals' or 'among men'.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΝΘΡΩΠΩΝ, ΒΡΟΤΟΙ
G3779
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OO-tohs
Translations: thus, so, in this way, in such a way
Notes: This adverb indicates manner or degree, meaning 'in this way,' 'thus,' or 'so.' It can refer back to something previously mentioned or forward to something about to be stated. It often introduces a consequence or result, showing how something is done or to what extent.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΩΣ
Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun ΟΥΤΟΣ (OUTOS), meaning 'this' or 'that'.
G4315
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: pros-PAI-zon
Translations: playing with, jesting with, mocking, making sport of
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'playing with' or 'jesting with'. It describes an action of interacting playfully or mockingly with someone or something. It can be used to describe someone who is making sport of another person.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΜΠΑΙΖΩΝ, ΧΛΕΥΑΖΩΝ
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EH-leh-gon
Translations: they were saying, they said, they used to say
Notes: This is an inflected form of the verb 'λέγω' (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past. It is used to indicate that a group of people were in the process of speaking or had a habit of saying something.
Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΦΗΜΙ, ΛΑΛΕΩ
G3483
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: NAH-ee
Translations: yes, truly, indeed, even so, assuredly
Notes: This word is an adverb used to express affirmation, agreement, or strong assertion. It can be translated as 'yes' in response to a question, or 'truly' and 'indeed' to emphasize a statement. It often conveys a sense of certainty or confirmation.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΜΗΝ, ΑΛΗΘΩΣ
Etymology: The word 'ΝΑΙ' comes from an ancient Greek particle expressing affirmation. Its origin is uncertain, but it is found in various forms across different Indo-European languages with similar meanings of affirmation or assent.
G3779
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OO-toh
Translations: thus, so, in this way, in like manner
Notes: This word is an adverb of manner, indicating how something is done or the way in which something occurs. It can also refer to the extent or degree of something. It is often used to introduce a consequence or a comparison, meaning 'in this way' or 'thus'. It is an older form of ΟΥΤΩΣ, and both forms are used interchangeably in Koine Greek.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥΤΩΣ, ΩΣ
Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos, 'this'). It indicates 'in this manner' or 'thus', referring back to something previously mentioned or implied.
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: hay-MACE
Translations: we
Notes: This word is a first-person plural pronoun, meaning 'we'. It is used as the subject of a sentence or clause, indicating that the action is performed by the speaker and one or more other people. For example, 'we go' or 'we believe'.
Inflection: Nominative, Plural, First Person
Etymology: The word 'ΕΓΩ' (ego) comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is a fundamental pronoun found across many Indo-European languages.
G1392
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: deh-dox-AH-kah-men
Translations: we have glorified, we have honored, we have magnified
Notes: This word means 'we have glorified' or 'we have honored'. It is a verb in the perfect tense, indicating an action that was completed in the past but has ongoing results or a continuing state in the present. It describes the act of giving glory, praise, or honor to someone or something, often God.
Inflection: Perfect Active Indicative, 1st Person Plural
Synonyms: ΤΙΜΑΩ, ΜΕΓΑΛΥΝΩ
G4183
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PLAY-stoy
Translations: most, the most, many, the greatest number
Notes: This word is the superlative form of the adjective 'πολύς' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many'. It indicates the highest degree of quantity or number, translating to 'most' or 'the greatest number'. It is used to describe a majority or the largest portion of something. For example, 'the most people' or 'the greatest part'.
Inflection: Superlative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter, Nominative
Synonyms: ΠΛΕΙΟΝΕΣ, ΠΛΕΙΣΤΑ
G5431
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: peh-fron-TEE-ka-sin
Translations: they have cared, they have been concerned, they have taken thought, they have given thought
Notes: This is a verb in the perfect active indicative tense, third person plural. It describes an action that was completed in the past and whose results continue into the present. It means to care for, to be concerned about, or to take thought for something or someone. It implies a state of mind or an action of careful consideration.
Inflection: Perfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΜΕΛΩ, ΕΠΙΜΕΛΕΟΜΑΙ
G1538
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: EYE-teh
Translations: whether, or, either...or
Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce alternative possibilities. It often appears in pairs (eite... eite...) to mean 'either... or', but can also be used alone to mean 'whether' or simply 'or'. It connects clauses or phrases that present different options or conditions.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: Ἠ
Etymology: From the conjunction εἰ (ei), meaning 'if', and the particle τε (te), meaning 'and'. It combines these elements to express conditional alternatives.
G1519
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EES
Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward
Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.
G4183
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PLEY-OOS
Translations: more, many, numerous, a greater number
Notes: This word is the comparative form of the adjective 'much' or 'many'. It is used to indicate a greater quantity or number of something, often translated as 'more' or 'more numerous'. It can be used with a genitive case to mean 'more than' or followed by 'η' (than) to express comparison.
Inflection: Comparative, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΛΕΙΟΝΑ, ΠΟΛΛΟΙ
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EYE-see
Translations: they are
Notes: This word is the third person plural present indicative form of the verb 'to be'. It is used to state existence or to link a subject to a predicate, indicating what the subject is or what quality it possesses. For example, 'they are good' or 'they are people'.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Present, Indicative
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΟΥΣΙΝ, ΓΙΝΟΝΤΑΙ
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: theh-OY
Translations: gods
Notes: This word refers to multiple deities or divine beings. It is the plural form of 'god' and is used to speak about a group of gods, often in a polytheistic context, or sometimes in a general sense referring to divine powers.
Inflection: Nominative, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΑΙΜΟΝΕΣ, ΚΥΡΙΟΙ
G4306
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pro-no-OO-sin
Translations: they provide for, they take thought for, they care for, they foresee
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΠΡΟ (PRO), meaning 'before' or 'for', and the verb ΝΟΕΩ (NOEO), meaning 'to perceive' or 'to think'. Together, it means to think beforehand, to provide for, or to care for something or someone. It implies foresight and diligent attention to future needs or well-being.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΦΡΟΝΤΙΖΩ, ΜΕΛΩ, ΕΠΙΜΕΛΕΟΜΑΙ
G2249
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: hay-MOHN
Translations: of us, our
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the first-person personal pronoun, meaning 'of us' or 'our'. It indicates possession or origin related to a group of speakers. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'the house of us' or 'our house'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, First Person
G1538
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-KAS-too
Translations: of each, of every, of everyone, of each one
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the adjective/pronoun 'each' or 'every'. It is used to refer to individual members of a group, emphasizing their distinctness. It can function as an adjective modifying a noun (e.g., 'of each man') or as a pronoun standing alone (e.g., 'of each one').
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word ΕΚΑΣΤΟΣ (hekastos) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the root *sek- meaning 'to cut' or 'to separate', implying 'each one separately'.
G3756, G3757
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Relative Adverb, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OO
Translations: not, no, where, of whom, of which, when
Notes: This word, written without diacritics, can represent at least two distinct Koine Greek words. It most commonly functions as a negative particle (οὐ), meaning 'not' or 'no', used to express a direct and objective negation. It can also function as a relative adverb (οὗ), meaning 'where' or 'when', indicating place or time, or as a relative genitive pronoun, meaning 'of whom' or 'of which'. The precise meaning depends on the context and the original diacritics.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a particle/adverb); Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter (as a relative pronoun)
Synonyms: ΜΗ, ΟΠΟΥ
Etymology: The negative particle οὐ (ou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ne, meaning 'not'. The relative adverb/pronoun οὗ (hou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-, a pronominal stem.
G5613
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition
Sounds like: OHS
Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that
Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.
G3367
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: MAY-den
Translations: nothing, no one, none, not even one
Notes: This word is a negative indefinite pronoun or adjective, meaning 'nothing' or 'no one'. It is the neuter form of the word 'ΜΗΔΕΙΣ'. It is used to express absolute negation, particularly in contexts involving prohibitions, commands, or with subjunctive and optative moods, indicating that something should not happen or does not exist under certain conditions. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'do nothing' or 'let nothing happen'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Vocative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΝ
Etymology: The word ΜΗΔΕΙΣ is a compound word formed from the negative particle ΜΗ (meaning 'not') and the numeral ΕΙΣ (meaning 'one'). It literally means 'not even one'.
G4314
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PROSS
Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to
Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).
Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.
G2118
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: yoo-dai-mo-NEE-an
Translations: happiness, a happiness, welfare, prosperity, blessedness, good fortune
Notes: This word refers to a state of well-being, often translated as happiness or blessedness. It implies a flourishing life, characterized by prosperity and good fortune, not just fleeting pleasure. It is used in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΜΑΚΑΡΙΟΤΗΣ, ΕΥ̓ΠΡΑΓΙΑ, ΕΥ̓ΤΥΧΙΑ
G1108
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: GNO-seh-ohs
Translations: of knowledge, of understanding, of wisdom
Notes: This word refers to knowledge, understanding, or wisdom. It is often used in a general sense to denote comprehension or acquaintance with facts or truths. It can also imply a deeper, more intimate understanding or insight.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΟΦΙΑ, ΕΠΙΓΝΩΣΙΣ, ΣΥΝΕΣΙΣ
G3778
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: TOW-tays
Translations: of this, of that
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the demonstrative pronoun 'οὗτος' (houtos), meaning 'this' or 'that'. As a genitive feminine singular form, it indicates possession or origin, referring to a feminine noun that is either physically near or has been previously mentioned in the discourse. It functions similarly to 'of this' or 'of that' in English, specifying a particular item or concept.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΗΣ, ΤΗΣΔΕ
G4931
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: soon-teh-LOO-sees
Translations: of completing, of finishing, of accomplishing, of bringing to an end, of fulfilling, of concluding
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'συντελέω', meaning to complete, finish, accomplish, or bring to an end. It describes an action that is in the process of being completed or has been completed, often with a sense of finality or fulfillment. It is used to indicate the subject of a genitive absolute construction or to modify a noun in the genitive case.
Inflection: Singular, Present, Active, Participle, Feminine, Genitive
Synonyms: ΤΕΛΕΩ, ΠΛΗΡΟΩ, ΠΕΡΑΙΝΩ
G0235
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: AL-lah
Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed
Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.
G2249
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: HAY-mas
Translations: us
Notes: This word is the first-person plural pronoun 'we' in the accusative case. It is used to indicate the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions, meaning 'us'. For example, 'He saw us' or 'They spoke to us'.
Inflection: First-person, Plural, Accusative
G2021
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ep-ee-khei-ROO-see
Translations: they attempt, they undertake, they try, they endeavor
Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἘΠΙ (upon, over) and the noun ΧΕΙΡ (hand). It literally means 'to put one's hand to something' or 'to lay hands upon'. It is used to describe the act of attempting, undertaking, or endeavoring to do something. It implies a deliberate effort or a setting out to accomplish a task.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΠΕΙΡΑΩ, ΤΟΛΜΑΩ
G3982
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pay-THAYN
Translations: to persuade, to convince, to win over, to obey, to trust, to yield
Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb. In the active voice, it means 'to persuade' or 'to convince' someone. In the middle or passive voice, it often takes on the meaning of 'to be persuaded', 'to obey', 'to trust', or 'to yield to'. It describes the act of influencing someone's belief or action, or the act of being influenced and complying.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΠΕΙΘΩ, ΠΙΣΤΕΥΩ, ΥΠΑΚΟΥΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *bheidh- 'to compel, to advise, to trust'. It is related to the Latin 'fido' (to trust) and 'fides' (faith).
G3303
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: MEN
Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however
Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.
G4840
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: sym-PAN-tos
Translations: of all, of the whole, of the entire, of everything
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the adjective "σύμπας" (sympas), meaning "all together," "the whole," or "entire." It is a compound word formed from "σύν" (syn), meaning "with" or "together," and "πᾶς" (pas), meaning "all" or "every." As a genitive form, it indicates possession or relationship, often translated as "of all" or "of the whole." It can refer to the entirety of a group, quantity, or concept.
Inflection: Genitive, Singular, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
Synonyms: ΠΑΝΤΟΣ, ΟΛΟΥ
Etymology: The word "σύμπας" (sympas) is a compound of the preposition "σύν" (syn), meaning "with" or "together," and the adjective "πᾶς" (pas), meaning "all" or "every." It literally means "all with" or "all together."
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: of them, their, of themselves
Notes: This word is a pronoun indicating possession or relation, specifically for a group of people or things. It is used to mean 'of them' or 'their', often referring back to a previously mentioned plural noun or pronoun.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, All genders
G1096
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: geh-NOHN
Translations: become, be, happen, come to pass, arise, be made, be born
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), which means 'to become,' 'to be,' 'to happen,' or 'to come into existence.' It is used to describe a state of being or an event taking place. For example, it can refer to something coming into being, or someone being born, or an event occurring.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle/Passive, Subjunctive, Third Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΤΙΚΤΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (to beget, to be born). It is related to words meaning 'to come into being' or 'to be born'.
G1492
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: EYE-dohn
Translations: knowing, seeing, having seen, having known
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'οἶδα' (oida), which means 'to know' or 'to see'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone or something that is in the state of knowing or seeing, or has completed the action of knowing or seeing. It can be translated as 'knowing', 'seeing', 'having known', or 'having seen', depending on the context. For example, it might be used in a phrase like 'the one knowing' or 'he, having seen'.
Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular, Perfect Active Participle
Synonyms: ΓΝΟΥΣ, ΒΛΕΠΩΝ
G1959
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-pee-meh-LEH-tigh
Translations: he takes care of, she takes care of, it takes care of, he cares for, she cares for, it cares for, he attends to, she attends to, it attends to
Notes: This word is a verb meaning to take care of, to care for, or to attend to something or someone. It describes the act of showing concern and providing for the needs of others or managing affairs. It is often used in contexts where someone is responsible for the well-being or administration of something.
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΦΡΟΝΤΙΖΩ, ΜΕΛΩ, ΚΗΔΕΥΩ
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THEH-os
Translations: God, a God, Lord
Notes: ΘΕΟΣ (theos) is a singular noun meaning 'God' or 'a god'. In Koine Greek, it is frequently used to refer to the singular, supreme God, often with the definite article. It can also refer to a generic deity or even a human figure considered divine. It functions as a subject or object in sentences, depending on its case.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΠΑΤΗΡ
Etymology: The word ΘΕΟΣ is believed to derive from a Proto-Indo-European root, though its precise origin is debated. It has cognates in various Indo-European languages.
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-MOO
Translations: (of) me, my
Notes: This is the genitive case of the first-person singular pronoun 'I'. It indicates possession or origin, functioning similarly to 'of me' or 'my' in English. It is used to show that something belongs to the speaker or comes from the speaker.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, First Person
Synonyms: ΜΟΥ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is the first-person singular pronoun, indicating the speaker.
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OOK
Translations: not, no
Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.
G2089
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: eh-TEE
Translations: still, yet, further, more
Notes: This word is an adverb indicating continuation in time or degree. It can mean 'still' or 'yet' when referring to something that is ongoing or has not happened yet. It can also mean 'further' or 'more' when adding to something or indicating an additional quantity or action.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΕΤΙ, ἘΤΙΔΕ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *eti 'beyond, further'. It is related to Latin et 'and, also'.
G2596
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix
Sounds like: kath
Translations: according to, down, against, throughout, during, by, for, with respect to, concerning
Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down' or 'according to'. It is commonly used as a prefix in compound words or as a preposition governing various cases. When used as a preposition, it can indicate movement downwards, distribution, opposition, or a standard of comparison. For example, 'καθ' ἕνα' means 'one by one', and 'καθά' means 'just as' or 'according as'. The elision (dropping of the final vowel) occurs before a word beginning with a vowel and a rough breathing mark.
Inflection: Does not inflect (it is an elided form of a preposition)
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΔΙΑ
Etymology: The word 'κατά' (kata) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'down' or 'against'. It is a common preposition in ancient Greek, indicating various relationships of position, direction, or standard.
G1538
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun
Sounds like: EK-as-tah
Translations: each, every, each one, every one, each thing, every thing
Notes: This word is a distributive adjective or pronoun meaning 'each' or 'every'. It is used to refer to individual items or persons within a group, emphasizing their distinctness. For example, it can mean 'each person' or 'each thing'. When used with a preposition like 'παρά' (pará), as seen in the examples, 'παρ' ἕκαστα' (par' hekasta) means 'in every respect' or 'continually' or 'on every occasion'.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter
Etymology: The word ἕκαστος (hekastos) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the root *se- meaning 'one' or 'apart'. It is an ancient Greek word used to denote individuality within a collective.
G1893
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: eh-PEI
Translations: since, because, for, when, after, inasmuch as
Notes: This word functions as a conjunction or adverb, introducing a clause that provides a reason, cause, or time. As a conjunction, it can mean 'since' or 'because' when indicating a cause, or 'when' or 'after' when indicating time. As an adverb, it can mean 'for' or 'inasmuch as'. It often introduces a dependent clause that explains the main clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΚΑΘΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙΔΗ
Etymology: From the preposition ἐπί (epi, 'upon, on') and the particle εἰ (ei, 'if'). It originally meant 'upon the condition that' or 'when'.
G3761
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction
Sounds like: OOD
Translations: not, no, nor, neither, not even
Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It is often used in combination with other negative words to strengthen the negation, such as in the phrase "οὐ μή" (ou mē), which conveys a strong, emphatic negation, often translated as "never" or "by no means." It can also function as a conjunction meaning "nor" or "neither," connecting two negative clauses or ideas.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΜΗ
Etymology: From the negative particle οὐ (ou) and the particle δέ (de), meaning 'but' or 'and'. It emphasizes the negation.
G0302
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: AHN
Translations: if, ever, might, would, should
Notes: This word is a particle used to express contingency, possibility, or potentiality. It does not have a direct English equivalent but modifies the meaning of the verb it accompanies, often indicating that an action is dependent on a condition or is hypothetical. It is frequently used with the subjunctive or optative moods to form conditional clauses or express indefinite temporal or relative clauses.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The origin of this particle is uncertain, but it is believed to be an ancient particle in Greek, possibly related to the concept of 'on' or 'up' in some contexts, though its primary function became conditional.
G2172
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ee-YOO-kho-me-tha
Translations: we prayed, we vowed, we wished, we made a vow
Notes: This word means to pray, to make a vow, or to wish. It is often used in the context of making a solemn promise or an earnest request to a deity. It can also simply mean to wish for something.
Inflection: First Person, Plural, Indicative, Imperfect, Middle Voice
Synonyms: ΔΕΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΣΕΥΧΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: From εὖ (eu, "well") and ἔχομαι (echomai, "to hold oneself"). The original sense was perhaps 'to hold oneself well, to be in good condition', which evolved into 'to wish, to pray'.
G1223
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral
Sounds like: DEE
Translations: through, by means of, on account of, because of, 14
Notes: This word is most commonly an elided form of the preposition ΔΙΑ (dia), meaning 'through', 'by means of', 'on account of', or 'because of'. It is used to indicate the means by which something is done or the reason for an action. It can also represent the Greek numeral 14, indicated by a keraia (a mark similar to an apostrophe) which is often omitted in transcription.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or numeral)
Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΥΠΟ, ΕΝΕΚΕΝ
Etymology: The preposition ΔΙΑ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'through' or 'apart'.
G3650
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: OH-leess
Translations: of whole, of all, of entire
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'whole,' 'all,' or 'entire.' It describes something as complete or undivided. In the provided examples, it is used in phrases like 'from all your heart,' indicating a complete and undivided commitment or feeling.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΑΝΤΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G3571
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: NOOK-tos
Translations: of night, of a night, night's
Notes: This word refers to the period of darkness between sunset and sunrise. As a genitive case, it indicates possession, origin, or time, often translated as 'of night' or 'by night'. It is used to specify when an event occurs or to describe something belonging to the night.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΚΟΤΟΣ, ΖΟΦΟΣ
G2250
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: HEM-eh-ras
Translations: day, a day, of day, of a day, days
Notes: The word refers to a day, a period of 24 hours, or the daylight portion of a day. It is a feminine noun and can be used in various grammatical cases to indicate different relationships in a sentence. For example, it can denote a duration of time (e.g., 'three days') or a point in time (e.g., 'on that day').
Inflection: Feminine, Genitive Singular or Accusative Plural
G3692
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: o-PEH
Translations: hole, a hole, opening, an opening, den, a den, cave, a cave
Notes: This word refers to a hole, opening, or a den/cave. It can describe a physical aperture or a dwelling place for animals or people, often implying a hidden or confined space. It is used in contexts where a physical breach or a natural cavity is being described.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΠΗΛΑΙΟΝ, ΦΩΛΕΟΣ
Etymology: From a primary verb meaning 'to see', referring to an opening for seeing. It is related to the idea of a 'window' or 'viewpoint' that developed into the meaning of a 'hole' or 'opening'.
G5053
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: teh-lev-TAN
Translations: to end, to finish, to die, to complete, to bring to an end
Notes: This word describes the action of bringing something to an end, completing a task, or reaching a conclusion. It can also refer to the act of dying or passing away. It is often used in contexts where a process or life reaches its final point.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΘΝΗΣΚΩ, ΠΕΡΑΙΝΩ, ΣΥΝΤΕΛΕΩ
Etymology: The word τελευτάω (teleutaō) comes from the noun τέλος (telos), meaning "end" or "completion." It signifies the act of reaching that end or completion.
G5467
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: kha-LEH-pon
Translations: difficult, hard, severe, fierce, dangerous, grievous, a difficult thing, a hard thing
Notes: This word is an adjective used to describe something that is difficult, hard to bear, dangerous, or severe. It can refer to things that are physically challenging, emotionally distressing, or morally objectionable. It is often used to describe situations, tasks, or even people who are harsh or fierce.
Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΔΥΣΚΟΛΟΣ, ΒΑΡΥΣ, ΣΚΛΗΡΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΧΑΛΕΠΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly related to χαλός (chalos), meaning 'loose' or 'slack', implying something that is not easily loosened or overcome.
G4936
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: soon-no-AY-sai
Translations: to consider, to understand, to perceive, to reflect, to comprehend
Notes: This word means to consider, understand, or perceive something, often implying a process of reflection or thought. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ΣΥΝ (SYN), meaning 'with' or 'together,' and ΝΟΕΩ (NOEO), meaning 'to perceive' or 'to think.' It describes the act of bringing thoughts together to form a complete understanding.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΝΟΕΩ, ΣΥΝΙΗΜΙ, ΚΑΤΑΝΟΕΩ
Etymology: From the prefix ΣΥΝ (SYN), meaning 'with' or 'together,' and ΝΟΕΩ (NOEO), meaning 'to perceive' or 'to think.'
G0079
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-DEH-yah
Translations: freedom, a freedom, liberty, a liberty, permission, license, impunity
Notes: This word is a feminine noun meaning freedom from fear, or permission/license to do something. It is often used in contexts where someone is granted the right or authority to act without hindrance or fear of punishment. It is a compound word formed from the negative prefix 'α-' (a-, meaning 'not' or 'without') and 'δέος' (deos, meaning 'fear').
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ἘΞΟΥΣΙΑ, ἘΛΕΥΘΕΡΙΑ
Etymology: The word ἈΔΕΙΑ is derived from the negative prefix 'α-' (a-, meaning 'not' or 'without') and 'δέος' (deos, meaning 'fear'). Thus, it literally means 'without fear'.
G1063
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: gar
Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.
G1657
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: eh-lew-theh-REE-ah
Translations: freedom, liberty, a freedom, a liberty
Notes: This word refers to the state of being free, or the power to act, speak, or think as one wants without hindrance or restraint. It is often used in contexts of political or personal independence.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΝΕΣΙΣ, ΑΦΕΣΙΣ
Etymology: From the adjective ἐλεύθερος (eleutheros, "free"), which is of uncertain origin, possibly related to ἔρχομαι (erchomai, "to come"), implying a state of being able to go where one pleases.
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb, Noun
Sounds like: LEH-gayn
Translations: to say, to speak, to tell
Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'λέγω' (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. As an infinitive, it functions like a verbal noun, often translated as 'to say' or 'the act of saying'. It can be used in various constructions where an action is expressed as a concept or purpose.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΕΙΠΕΙΝ, ΦΗΜΙ
G1902
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EP-es-thai
Translations: to follow, to accompany, to pursue, to attend
Notes: This word is the present middle/passive infinitive form of the verb 'to follow' or 'to accompany'. It describes the action of going after someone or something, or being present with them. It can also imply pursuing a goal or consequence. It is often used with the dative case to indicate the person or thing being followed.
Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Middle or Passive Voice
Synonyms: ΑΚΟΛΟΥΘΕΩ, ΔΙΩΚΩ
Etymology: The root verb ἕπω (hepo) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to follow' or 'to go after'.
G1392
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: dox-AH-zoo-see
Translations: they glorify, they praise, they honor, they magnify
Notes: This word means to glorify, praise, or honor. It describes the act of attributing glory, dignity, or honor to someone or something, often used in the context of praising God or a deity. It is used to express admiration, reverence, or high regard.
Inflection: 3rd Person, Plural, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΑΙΝΕΩ, ΥΜΝΕΩ, ΜΕΓΑΛΥΝΩ
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TOW-tah
Translations: these, these things
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'these' or 'these things'. It refers to something previously mentioned or understood from the context, pointing it out specifically. As a pronoun, it stands in place of a noun, while as an adjective, it modifies a noun.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
G4160
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: poy-EH-in
Translations: to do, to make, to produce, to create, to perform, to accomplish, to bring about
Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'ποιέω' (poieō), meaning 'to do' or 'to make'. It is a very common verb in Koine Greek and can be used in a wide range of contexts, from physical actions like making something, to abstract actions like performing a deed or bringing something about. It often indicates the execution of an action or the creation of an object.
Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active
Synonyms: ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ
Etymology: The word 'ποιέω' (poieō) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to an old root meaning 'to make' or 'to create'.
G1014
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: boo-LON-tai
Translations: they want, they wish, they desire
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to want', 'to wish', or 'to desire'. It is used to express a strong inclination or intention. For example, it can be used in sentences like 'they want to go' or 'they wish for peace'.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΘΕΛΩ, ΕΠΙΘΥΜΩ
G3383
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: MAY-teh
Translations: neither, nor
Notes: This word is a conjunction used to connect two or more negative clauses or phrases. It often appears in a series, meaning 'neither...nor' or 'not even'. It emphasizes the exclusion of all listed possibilities.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕ, ΟΥΤΕ
Etymology: From the negative particle ΜΗ (mē) and the enclitic particle ΤΕ (te), which means 'and'. It is used to connect negative clauses.
G2851
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: koh-LAH-sin
Translations: punishment, chastisement, correction, a punishment, a chastisement, a correction
Notes: This word refers to punishment, chastisement, or correction. It often implies a process of discipline or restraint, rather than simply retribution or torment. It can describe the act of punishing or the state of being punished, and is used in contexts of divine or human discipline.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΤΙΜΩΡΙΑ, ΕΠΙΤΙΜΙΑ
Etymology: The word ΚΟΛΑΣΙΣ (kolasis) derives from the verb κολάζω (kolazo), meaning 'to prune, to check, to punish'. It is related to the idea of cutting back or restraining, suggesting a corrective or disciplinary action.
G5399
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: foh-boo-MEH-noys
Translations: fearing, those who fear, to those who fear
Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle derived from the verb 'phobeo', meaning 'to fear' or 'to be afraid'. In this form, it describes individuals who are in a state of fearing or revering. It is often used to refer to 'those who fear' or 'the ones who are fearing', particularly in a context of reverential fear towards God.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine, Present, Middle/Passive, Participle
Synonyms: ΔΕΔΙΟΤΕΣ, ΤΡΕΜΟΝΤΕΣ
G1679
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: el-pi-ZOO-see
Translations: they hope, they expect, they trust
Notes: This word describes the act of having hope, expectation, or trust in something or someone. It is used to express a confident anticipation of a future event or outcome. It can also imply a reliance or dependence on a person or a promise.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΙΣΤΕΥΩ, ΠΡΟΣΔΟΚΑΩ, ΠΕΠΟΙΘΑ
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THAY-oo
Translations: of God, of a God
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'ΘΕΟΣ' (theos), meaning 'God' or 'a god'. In Koine Greek, the genitive case often indicates possession, origin, or relationship, similar to the English 'of' or the possessive apostrophe 's'. Therefore, 'ΘΕΟΥ' typically translates to 'of God' or 'of a god', depending on the context. It can refer to the one true God or to a pagan deity.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
G4459
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction
Sounds like: POHS
Translations: how, in what way, by what means, that, in order that
Notes: ΠΩΣ is an adverb used to inquire about the manner or means by which something occurs, translating to "how" or "in what way." It can introduce direct or indirect questions. It can also function as a conjunction, meaning "that" or "in order that," especially when expressing purpose or result.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative and interrogative pronominal stems.
G1065
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: GEH
Translations: indeed, at least, even, certainly, truly
Notes: This word is an emphatic particle used to add emphasis or certainty to a statement. It can highlight a particular word or phrase, often conveying a sense of 'at least,' 'even,' or 'certainly.' It is frequently used to strengthen an assertion or to draw attention to a specific detail.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΗ, ΚΑΙ, ΜΕΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΕ is of uncertain origin, possibly an ancient demonstrative particle.
G0104
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: ah-EH-ee
Translations: always, ever, continually, at all times
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'always' or 'ever'. It indicates something that happens without interruption, continuously, or at all times. It can be used to describe an action or state that is perpetual or ongoing.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΑΝΤΟΤΕ, ΔΙΑΠΑΝΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word 'ἈΕΙ' comes from an ancient root meaning 'ever' or 'always'. It is related to words indicating duration or perpetuity.
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TOW-tah
Translations: these, these things
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective 'οὗτος' (houtos), meaning 'this' or 'these'. 'ταῦτα' specifically refers to 'these things' or 'these' (plural, neuter). It is used to point to something nearby, recently mentioned, or about to be mentioned, functioning either as a pronoun (e.g., 'he did these things') or as an adjective modifying a neuter plural noun (e.g., 'these words'). It can be used in the nominative or accusative case.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΙΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΑ
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-SEH-sthai
Translations: to be, to exist, to happen, to become
Notes: This word is the future infinitive form of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It signifies a future state of being, existence, or occurrence. It is often used in indirect statements or to express purpose or result, indicating what is going to be or what will happen.
Inflection: Future, Infinitive
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: leh-GOO-see
Translations: they say, they speak, they tell
Notes: This word is a verb meaning "to say," "to speak," or "to tell." It is used to indicate that a group of people are performing the action of speaking or stating something. For example, it can be used in sentences like "they say that..." or "they are speaking to them."
Inflection: Third person, Plural, Present, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΟΥΣΙ, ΦΑΣΙΝ
G1691
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-MEH
Translations: me
Notes: This word is the accusative singular form of the first-person pronoun, meaning 'me'. It is used as the direct object of a verb or after certain prepositions that take the accusative case, indicating the recipient of an action or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, First Person
G0979
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: bee-OH-ses-thai
Translations: to live, to exist, will live, will exist
Notes: This word is the future middle/passive infinitive form of the verb 'βιόω' (bioō), meaning 'to live' or 'to exist'. It indicates an action of living or existing that will happen in the future. It is used in a sentence to express the future state of living or existing, often dependent on another verb or context.
Inflection: Future, Middle or Passive Voice, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΖΑΩ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ
Etymology: The word 'βιόω' (bioō) comes from the noun 'βίος' (bios), meaning 'life'. It is related to the concept of life and living.
G3668
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: ho-MOY-ohss
Translations: likewise, similarly, in like manner, even so
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'likewise' or 'similarly'. It is used to indicate that something is done in the same way as something else, or that a situation is comparable to one previously mentioned. It can connect clauses or sentences, showing a parallel action or state.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣΑΥΤΩΣ, ΠΑΡΑΠΛΗΣΙΩΣ
G2909
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: KRAY-toh-nas
Translations: better, stronger, more excellent, superior
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'better' or 'superior'. It is used to compare two things, indicating that one is of higher quality, strength, or excellence than the other. It can be used to describe people, things, or concepts.
Inflection: Accusative, Masculine or Feminine, Plural
Synonyms: ΑΜΕΙΝΟΝ, ΚΑΛΛΙΟΝ, ΥΠΕΡΤΕΡΟΝ
G5501
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: kheh-ROOS
Translations: worse, inferior
Notes: This word is a comparative adjective meaning 'worse' or 'inferior'. It is used to describe something that is of lower quality, less good, or more unfavorable than something else. It functions similarly to the English 'worse' in comparisons.
Inflection: Comparative, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine, Plural
G1096
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: geh-go-NO-tas
Translations: having become, having been, having come into being, having happened, having occurred, those who have become, those who have been
Notes: This word is a perfect active participle, masculine plural accusative, derived from the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become,' 'to be,' 'to come into being,' or 'to happen.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, describing someone or something that has undergone the action of 'becoming' or 'being' in the past, with the result continuing into the present. It often refers to 'those who have become' or 'those who have been' something.
Inflection: Perfect, Active, Participle, Masculine, Plural, Accusative
Synonyms: ΕΓΕΝΟΝΤΟ, ΠΕΦΥΚΟΤΑΣ
G0243
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: AL-loy
Translations: others, some others, different ones
Notes: This word refers to other people or things, distinct from those already mentioned or implied. It is used to indicate a difference or distinction between entities. For example, it can be used to say 'some others' or 'different ones' in a sentence.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine; or Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Feminine; or Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.
G5100
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: TI-nes
Translations: some, certain ones, who, what
Notes: This word is an indefinite pronoun meaning 'some' or 'certain ones'. It can also function as an interrogative pronoun, asking 'who?' or 'what?' in the plural. Its meaning often depends on the context of the sentence.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine
G5286
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: hoo-pos-TEE-sah-meh-noy
Translations: having undertaken, having promised, having endured, having resisted, having established, having set up, having stood under
Notes: This word is a compound participle derived from the verb ὑφίστημι (hyphistēmi), which combines ὑπό (hypo, meaning 'under') and ἵστημι (histēmi, meaning 'to stand'). It generally means 'to stand under' in various senses, such as to undertake a task, to promise something, to endure or resist, or to establish or set something up. The specific meaning often depends on the context.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Masculine or Neuter, Nominative, Plural
Synonyms: ΥΠΙΣΧΝΕΟΜΑΙ, ΑΝΑΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΥΠΟΜΕΝΩ
G0100
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-THA-nah-ton
Translations: immortal, deathless, undying
Notes: This word describes something that is not subject to death or decay, possessing eternal life. It is often used to refer to God or divine beings, or to the concept of the soul's immortality. It can be used to describe a quality or state of being that is everlasting.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΙΩΝΙΟΣ, ΑΦΘΑΡΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word is a compound of the negative prefix 'α-' (a-, meaning 'not' or 'without') and 'θάνατος' (thanatos, meaning 'death'). Thus, it literally means 'without death' or 'deathless'.
G0078
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-SOH-mah-ton
Translations: incorporeal, bodiless, without a body, an incorporeal thing, a bodiless thing
Notes: This word describes something that is without a physical body or material form. It is often used to refer to spiritual beings or concepts that are not made of matter. For example, one might describe a spirit or a ghost as incorporeal.
Inflection: Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Singular, Neuter
Etymology: The word ἀσώματος (asōmatos) is a compound word formed from the privative alpha (ἀ-) meaning 'not' or 'without', and σῶμα (sōma) meaning 'body'. Thus, it literally means 'without a body'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TANE
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.
G5590
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PSY-khen
Translations: soul, a soul, life, a life, mind, a mind, self, a self
Notes: This word refers to the soul, the principle of life, or the inner self. It can denote a person's life, their mind, or their spiritual essence. It is often used to describe the seat of emotions, desires, and affections, and can also refer to the individual person themselves.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΖΩΗ, ΠΝΕΥΜΑ
Etymology: From a root meaning 'to breathe', referring to the breath as the principle of life. It is related to the verb ψύχω (psycho), meaning 'to breathe, to blow'.
G3777
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: OO-teh
Translations: neither, nor, and not
Notes: This word is a conjunction used to connect two or more negative clauses or phrases. It often appears in a correlative construction, meaning 'neither... nor'. For example, 'neither this nor that'. It emphasizes the complete absence or negation of all listed items.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΔΕ
Etymology: From the negative particle οὐ (ou, 'not') and the enclitic conjunction τέ (te, 'and'). It literally means 'and not'.
G2556
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: KAH-kon
Translations: evil, bad, harmful, wicked, a bad thing, an evil thing, a wrong, a misfortune, a disaster
Notes: This word describes something that is bad, evil, or harmful. It can refer to moral wickedness, physical harm, or general poor quality. When used as a substantive (like a noun), it refers to an evil thing, a wrong, or a misfortune. It can be used to describe actions, intentions, or conditions.
Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΠΟΝΗΡΟΣ, ΦΑΥΛΟΣ, ΑΣΕΒΗΣ
Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be pre-Greek or from an unknown root.
G1716
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: drah-SAN-tes
Translations: having done, having acted, having performed, those who did, when they did
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'δράω' (draō), meaning 'to do' or 'to act'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. It can be translated as 'having done' or 'having acted', often implying 'those who did' or 'when they did' depending on the context.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΠΟΙΗΣΑΝΤΕΣ, ΕΡΓΑΣΑΜΕΝΟΙ
G2233
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: hay-GOO-n-tie
Translations: they lead, they guide, they rule, they consider, they think, they account
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to lead', 'to guide', 'to rule', or 'to consider/think/account'. It is often used to describe someone in a position of authority or leadership, or to express a mental process of considering or believing something. The meaning can vary depending on the context, especially whether it refers to physical leadership or mental consideration.
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩ, ΝΟΜΙΖΩ, ΗΓΕΜΟΝΕΥΩ
G1325
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: DOH-sane
Translations: to give, to grant, to bestow, to offer, to deliver
Notes: This is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'δίδωμι' (didomi), meaning 'to give'. It is used to express the action of giving in a timeless or completed sense, often functioning as a complement to another verb or as the subject of a sentence. For example, it can be used in constructions like 'he wanted to give' or 'it is good to give'.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΠΑΡΕΧΩ, ΧΑΡΙΖΟΜΑΙ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΜΙ
G1349
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: DEE-kane
Translations: justice, a justice, judgment, a judgment, penalty, a penalty, punishment, a punishment, vengeance, a vengeance
Notes: This word refers to the concept of justice, both in the sense of what is right and fair, and in the sense of a legal judgment or the penalty imposed as a result of such a judgment. It can also denote the act of vengeance or retribution. It is often used in contexts relating to divine or human legal proceedings and their outcomes.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΡΙΜΑ, ΤΙΜΩΡΙΑ, ΕΚΔΙΚΗΣΙΣ
Etymology: The word ΔΙΚΗ (dikē) is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be related to the verb δείκνυμι (deiknymi), meaning 'to show' or 'to point out', suggesting an original sense of 'that which is shown to be right' or 'that which is established'.
G0543
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-PAH-thess
Translations: unaffected, impassive, without suffering, without emotion, unfeeling, an unaffected one, an impassive one
Notes: This word describes something or someone that is unaffected by external influences, suffering, or emotions. It implies a state of being impassive, insensible, or free from passion. It can be used to describe a person who is emotionally detached or a thing that is impervious to damage or change.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ἈΝΕΠΙΔΕΚΤΟΣ, ἈΝΕΠΙΦΟΡΟΣ
G0100
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-tha-NAH-too
Translations: of immortal, of undying, immortal, undying
Notes: This word describes something that is not subject to death or decay, possessing eternal life. It is often used to refer to God, angels, or the human soul, which are believed to be immortal. It can also describe things that are everlasting or imperishable. In its genitive form, it indicates possession or origin, such as 'of the immortal one' or 'of immortality'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter; or Plural, Accusative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ἈΦΘΑΡΤΟΣ, ἈἸΔΙΟΣ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, 'not') and θάνατος (thánatos, 'death'). It literally means 'deathless' or 'undying'.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TES
Translations: (of) her, her, (of) it, its
Notes: This word is a form of the third-person pronoun 'autos'. It is used to refer to a singular feminine noun that has already been mentioned or is understood from the context. It indicates possession or is used after prepositions that require the genitive case. For example, it could mean 'her' (as in 'her house') or 'of her'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
G5225
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: hoo-par-KHOO-sees
Translations: being, existing, (of) being, (of) existing, (of) having, (of) possessing
Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb 'to be' or 'to exist', often conveying the sense of 'being' or 'existing' in a particular state or condition. It can also imply 'having' or 'possessing' something. It is used to describe a continuous state or an inherent quality of the subject. As a genitive feminine singular participle, it often functions adjectivally or substantively, modifying a feminine noun in the genitive case or standing in for such a noun.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine, Present, Active, Participle
Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΚΕΙΜΑΙ
G1189
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: DEH-ohn-tai
Translations: they need, they ask, they pray, they beg, they entreat
Notes: This word is a verb meaning to need, to ask for, to pray, or to beg. It often implies a strong request or supplication. It is used when a group of people are in need of something or are making a request.
Inflection: 3rd Person, Plural, Present Tense, Indicative Mood, Middle or Passive Voice
Synonyms: ΑΙΤΟΥΝΤΑΙ, ΠΡΟΣΕΥΧΟΝΤΑΙ, ΔΕΟΝΤΑΙ
G3739
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Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Conjunction
Sounds like: HOS
Translations: who, which, what, that, as, how, when
Notes: The word 'ΟΣ' is a versatile relative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'who,' 'which,' or 'that,' depending on the context and the gender, number, and case it agrees with. It introduces a relative clause, linking it to a preceding noun or pronoun. It can also function as a conjunction, meaning 'as,' 'how,' or 'when,' indicating manner or time.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Etymology: The word 'ΟΣ' is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has been a fundamental part of the Greek language's grammatical structure for millennia, serving to connect clauses and introduce relative information.
G0791
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: as-TEH-ee-on
Translations: beautiful, handsome, fair, pleasant, charming, witty, clever
Notes: This word describes something as beautiful, handsome, or fair, often implying a pleasing or charming quality. It can also refer to something witty or clever, especially in speech or thought. It is used to describe both people and things that are aesthetically pleasing or intellectually sharp.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΩΡΑΙΟΣ, ΚΑΛΟΣ, ΧΑΡΙΕΙΣ
Etymology: The word ἈΣΤΕΙΟΣ (asteios) comes from the Greek word ἄστυ (astu), meaning 'city'. It originally referred to someone or something belonging to the city, implying refinement, sophistication, or urbanity, which then evolved to mean 'elegant' or 'beautiful'.
G5260
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: hoo-poh-may-dee-AH-sas
Translations: having smiled faintly, having smiled a little, having smirked
Notes: This is a compound word formed from 'ὑπό' (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'slightly', and 'μειδιάω' (meidiaō), meaning 'to smile'. Therefore, it means to smile faintly, subtly, or with a slight smirk. It describes an action of smiling that is not broad or open, but rather subdued or suggestive. As a participle, it describes someone who has performed this action.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular
G4012
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PEH-ree
Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.
Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself
Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.
G3778
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: TOO-tone
Translations: of these, of them
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the demonstrative pronoun 'οὗτος' (houtos), meaning 'this' or 'these'. It is used to indicate possession or relationship, often translated as 'of these' or 'of them', referring to things or people previously mentioned or understood from context. It can refer to masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, All genders
Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΩΝ
G5426
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: phro-NEH-ees
Translations: you think, you understand, you set your mind on, you are minded, you are wise, you are prudent
Notes: This word means to think, to have understanding, or to set one's mind on something. It can also imply being wise or prudent. It is used to describe the mental attitude or disposition of a person, indicating what they are focused on or how they perceive things. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'you think about these things' or 'you are minded to do good'.
Inflection: Second Person, Singular, Present, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΝΟΕΩ, ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΣΥΝΙΗΜΙ
G1106
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: gno-MAYNE
Translations: opinion, a opinion, judgment, a judgment, purpose, a purpose, counsel, a counsel, decision, a decision, mind, a mind, will, a will
Notes: This word refers to a thought, judgment, or decision. It can denote a personal opinion, a considered judgment, a deliberate purpose, or a formal decision or counsel. It is used to express what someone thinks or intends.
Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Feminine
Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΗ, ΚΡΙΣΙΣ, ΔΟΚΙΜΗ
G2192
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EH-kheis
Translations: you have, you hold, you possess, you are able, you are
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have', 'to hold', or 'to possess'. It can also be used in a broader sense to mean 'to be' or 'to be able to'. It is commonly used to indicate possession, state, or capacity. For example, it can mean 'you have something' or 'you are in a certain state'.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Second Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΚΤΩΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΕΧΩ
G3588, G3739, G2228
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection
Sounds like: AY
Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah
Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.
Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)
Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.
G4771
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: SEE
Translations: you, yourself
Notes: This is an inflected form of the second person singular pronoun 'you'. It is used to refer to the person being addressed. In this specific form, it is the dative singular, meaning 'to you' or 'for you'. It can also be the nominative singular, meaning 'you' (as the subject of a verb).
Inflection: Singular, Dative or Nominative, All genders
Etymology: The word originates from the Proto-Indo-European pronominal stem *tu-.
G5385
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: fee-lo-so-FEE-ah
Translations: philosophy, a philosophy
Notes: This word refers to philosophy, which is the love of wisdom or the pursuit of knowledge. It encompasses the study of fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. It is used in sentences to refer to the discipline itself or a particular system of thought.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΟΦΙΑ, ΓΝΩΣΙΣ
Etymology: The word "ΦΙΛΟΣΟΦΙΑ" is a compound word derived from two Greek terms: φίλος (philos), meaning "loving" or "dear," and σοφία (sophia), meaning "wisdom." Thus, it literally means "love of wisdom."
G2036
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EYE-peh
Translations: said, spoke, told
Notes: This word is an aorist active indicative form of the verb 'εἶπον' (eîpon), which serves as the aorist of 'λέγω' (legō). It means 'he/she/it said' or 'he/she/it spoke'. It is used to report a completed action of speaking in the past.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΛΑΛΕΩ
G2254
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: HEE-meen
Translations: (to) us, (for) us, us
Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the first-person plural pronoun 'we'. It is used to indicate the indirect object of a verb, meaning 'to us' or 'for us'. It can also signify possession or benefit/detriment for 'us'. For example, it might be used in a sentence like 'He gave the book to us' or 'This is good for us'.
Inflection: First Person, Plural, Dative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to the first-person plural pronoun in other Indo-European languages.
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