Home / Interlinears (Beta) / Justin Martyr / Dialogue with Trypho the Jew / Chapter 20Dialogue with Trypho the Jew, Chapter 20
Interlinear version from Justin Martyr (Beta)
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G1063
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: gar
Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.
G1035
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: BRO-ma-ton
Translations: of food, of foods, of meat, of meats
Notes: This word refers to food or provisions in general. It is used to describe anything that is eaten. In this form, it indicates possession or origin, meaning 'of food' or 'belonging to food', and refers to multiple items of food.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Neuter
Synonyms: ΣΙΤΟΣ, ΤΡΟΦΗ, ΕΔΕΣΜΑ
Etymology: The word ΒΡΩΜΑ (broma) comes from the verb βιβρώσκω (bibrosko), meaning 'to eat'. It refers to that which is eaten.
G5100
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: TEE-nohn
Translations: of some, of certain, of any, of some one, of a certain one
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the indefinite pronoun 'τις' (tis), meaning 'some,' 'any,' or 'certain.' It is used to refer to an unspecified number of people or things, often implying an unknown or unmentioned group. It can be translated as 'of some,' 'of certain ones,' or 'of any.'
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders
Synonyms: ΕΝΙΩΝ, ΤΙΝΕΣ
G0568
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-pe-KHESTH-ai
Translations: to abstain, to keep oneself from, to refrain from, to hold oneself off
Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. In its middle or passive voice, it means 'to hold oneself away from' or 'to abstain from'. It is often used with a genitive case to indicate what one is abstaining from.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΑΦΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ, ΚΩΛΥΩ
Etymology: The verb ἀπέχω (apechō) is formed from the prefix ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'.
G4369
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pros-ET-ax-en
Translations: he commanded, he ordered, he appointed, he instructed
Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the preposition 'πρός' (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and the verb 'τάσσω' (tassō), meaning 'to arrange' or 'to order'. It means 'he/she/it commanded' or 'he/she/it ordered'. It is used to describe someone giving a direct instruction or decree.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΕΝΤΕΛΛΟΜΑΙ, ΚΕΛΕΥΩ, ΔΙΑΤΑΣΣΩ
G5213
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: yoo-MEEN
Translations: (to) you, (for) you
Notes: This word is a second person plural pronoun, meaning 'you' (plural). It is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of a verb or the recipient of an action. It can be translated as 'to you' or 'for you', depending on the context.
Inflection: Plural, Dative
G2443
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: EE-nah
Translations: in order that, that, so that, to
Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause expressing purpose, result, or content. It often translates to 'in order that' or simply 'that' when indicating the aim or outcome of an action. It can also be used to express a command or exhortation, especially when followed by the subjunctive mood.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣΤΕ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en- (in). It is related to the preposition 'in' and developed into a conjunction expressing purpose or result.
G1722
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: en
Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).
Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TOH
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the
Notes: ΤΩ is the dative singular form of the definite article 'the'. It indicates the indirect object of a verb or the means/instrument by which an action is performed. It can also be used to indicate location or association, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', 'by', 'with', or 'in'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
G2068
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ess-THEE-ayn
Translations: to eat, to consume, to devour
Notes: This word is a verb in the infinitive form, meaning 'to eat' or 'to consume'. It is used to describe the act of taking food or sustenance. It can also be used metaphorically to mean 'to devour' or 'to consume' something non-physical.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΦΑΓΕΙΝ, ΒΙΒΡΩΣΚΩ
G4095
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: PI-neen
Translations: to drink, drinking
Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'to drink'. It describes the action of consuming a liquid. It can be used in sentences where the act of drinking is the subject or object, or as a complement to another verb, similar to how 'to drink' is used in English.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Etymology: The word comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to drink'.
G4253
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PRO
Translations: before, in front of, for, on behalf of, in the presence of, prior to, instead of
Notes: This word is a preposition that typically takes the genitive case. It can indicate a spatial relationship, meaning 'before' or 'in front of' something or someone. It can also denote a temporal relationship, meaning 'before' in time, or a causal relationship, meaning 'for' or 'on behalf of' someone or something. In some contexts, it can also mean 'instead of' or 'in the presence of'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΜΠΡΟΣΘΕΝ, ΑΝΤΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'before, in front of'. It is cognate with English 'for' and Latin 'pro'.
G3788
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: oph-thal-MON
Translations: of eyes, eyes
Notes: This word refers to the eyes, the organs of sight. It can be used literally to describe physical eyes or metaphorically to represent understanding, perception, or presence. The form ὈΦΘΑΛΜΩΝ is the genitive plural, indicating possession or origin, often translated as 'of eyes' or 'belonging to eyes'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΜΜΑΤΑ, ΒΛΕΦΑΡΑ
G2192
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EKH-eh-teh
Translations: have, hold, possess, keep, be able, be in possession of
Notes: This word is a common verb meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It can also imply possession, ability, or a state of being. It is frequently used in various contexts to indicate ownership, a condition, or an action of holding something.
Inflection: 2nd Person Plural, Present, Active, Subjunctive
Synonyms: ΚΤΆΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΈΧΩ, ἜΧΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: the
Notes: This word is the masculine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a particular masculine noun that is the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'he saw the man' or 'towards the God'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed to function as a marker of definiteness in Greek.
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: theh-ON
Translations: God, a God
Notes: This word refers to God, a god, or a deity. It is used as the direct object in a sentence, indicating the recipient of an action or the one being referred to. For example, one might 'worship God' (where 'God' would be in the accusative case).
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ
G2143
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: yoo-kah-tah-FOH-roy
Translations: easily carried away, prone, susceptible, easily led, easily swayed
Notes: This word describes something or someone that is easily moved, swayed, or carried away, often in a negative sense, implying a lack of firmness or stability. It can refer to being prone to error, sin, or a particular behavior. It is a compound word formed from 'εὖ' (well, easily) and 'καταφέρω' (to bring down, carry down).
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΥ̓ΟΛΙΣΘΟΣ, ΕΥ̓ΜΕΤΑΒΟΛΟΣ
G1510
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ON-tes
Translations: being, those who are, who are
Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It means 'being' or 'those who are' and functions like an adjective or a noun, describing the state of existence of a person or thing. It can be used to introduce a clause that explains the condition or identity of the subject.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Plural, Nominative
G2138
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: yoo-KHEH-rays
Translations: easy, ready, facile, quick, prompt
Notes: This word describes something that is easy to do, readily available, or quick to happen. It can refer to a task that is not difficult, or to a person who is prompt and ready to act. It implies a lack of difficulty or effort.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΥ̓ΚΟΛΟΣ, ΕΥ̓ΠΡΟΣΙΤΟΣ
G4314
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PROSS
Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to
Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).
Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G0868
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-phis-TAS-thai
Translations: to withdraw, to depart, to revolt, to fall away, to keep away from, to stand off
Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand'. In its present middle/passive infinitive form, it means 'to withdraw oneself', 'to depart from', or 'to revolt'. It describes the act of moving away from something or someone, either physically or in terms of allegiance or belief. It can be used in contexts of physical separation, but also for spiritual or political defection.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ἈΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ἈΠΟΔΙΔΡΑΣΚΩ, ἈΠΟΠΙΠΤΩ
Etymology: The word ἀφίστημι (aphistēmi) is a compound of ἀπό (apo, 'from, away from') and ἵστημι (histēmi, 'to stand, to set'). The combination signifies 'to stand away from' or 'to cause to stand away from', leading to meanings of withdrawal or defection.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: THAYS
Translations: of the
Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.
G1108
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: GNO-seh-ohs
Translations: of knowledge, of understanding, of wisdom
Notes: This word refers to knowledge, understanding, or wisdom. It is often used in a general sense to denote comprehension or acquaintance with facts or truths. It can also imply a deeper, more intimate understanding or insight.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΟΦΙΑ, ΕΠΙΓΝΩΣΙΣ, ΣΥΝΕΣΙΣ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOO
Translations: (of) him, his, (of) it, its
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun. In this genitive singular form, it typically means 'of him,' 'his,' 'of it,' or 'its,' indicating possession or origin. It can refer to a male person or a neuter object/concept.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ (autos) is of uncertain origin, possibly from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'self'. It is an ancient Greek word that has been in continuous use.
G5613
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition
Sounds like: OHS
Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that
Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.
G3475
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: MO-sees
Translations: Moses
Notes: This is the name of the great prophet and lawgiver of Israel, who led the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt and received the Ten Commandments from God on Mount Sinai. He is a central figure in the Old Testament and is often referred to in the New Testament.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Etymology: The name Μωυσῆς (Mōysēs) in Greek is derived from the Hebrew name מֹשֶׁה (Mosheh), which is traditionally understood to mean 'drawn out' (from water), referring to his rescue from the Nile River.
G5346
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: PHAY-sin
Translations: he says, she says, it says, he said, she said, it said
Notes: This word is a common verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to report what someone else has said or to introduce a direct quote. It can be translated as 'he says', 'she says', or 'it says', and often implies 'he/she/it said' in narrative contexts.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΕΡΩ
Etymology: The word ΦΗΜΙ (phēmi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to speak' or 'to show'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey the idea of speaking or declaring.
G2068
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-PHA-geh
Translations: he ate, she ate, it ate
Notes: This word is a past tense form of the verb 'to eat'. It describes an action of eating that occurred in the past and was completed. It is used when referring to a single person or thing that performed the action of eating.
Inflection: 3rd Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΒΙΒΡΩΣΚΩ, ΤΡΩΓΩ
G4095
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-PEE-en
Translations: drank, did drink
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'to drink'. It describes an action that was completed in the past, specifically that 'he, she, or it drank' something. It is commonly used to refer to the consumption of liquids.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter
Sounds like: OH
Translations: the, who, which, O
Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)
Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.
G2992
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: LAH-os
Translations: people, a people, nation, a nation
Notes: This word refers to a people, a nation, or a multitude of individuals, often implying a distinct group or community. It is commonly used to refer to the people of God, or a specific population within a region. It is a masculine noun.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΘΝΟΣ, ΔΗΜΟΣ
Etymology: From an uncertain root, possibly related to words meaning 'to gather' or 'to assemble'.
G0450
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-nes-TAY
Translations: arose, stood up, rose up, got up
Notes: This word means 'he/she/it arose' or 'he/she/it stood up'. It describes the action of rising from a sitting or lying position, or standing up. It can also refer to rising from the dead, or simply beginning an action or journey.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΕΓΕΙΡΩ, ΟΡΘΟΩ
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G3815
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pahee-ZEIN
Translations: to play, to sport, to jest, to mock, to make sport of
Notes: This is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'παιζω'. It generally means to play, to sport, or to jest. In some contexts, especially when used with a preposition like 'ἐν' or 'εἰς' and a dative or accusative object, it can take on the meaning of 'to mock' or 'to make sport of' someone.
Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active
Synonyms: ΕΜΠΑΙΖΩ, ΧΛΕΥΑΖΩ, ΚΩΜΑΖΩ
G3825
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: PAH-lin
Translations: again, back, anew, once more, on the other hand, moreover, in turn
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'again' or 'back'. It is used to indicate a repetition of an action or a return to a previous state or place. It can also be used to introduce a contrasting idea, similar to 'on the other hand' or 'moreover'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΥΘΙΣ, ΕΤΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kwel- (to turn, revolve). It refers to a turning back or repetition.
G2068
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-PHA-gen
Translations: ate, did eat, consumed
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'ate' or 'did eat'. It is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'to eat'. It describes a completed action of eating by a single subject in the past. For example, 'he ate' or 'she ate'.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Etymology: The verb ΕΣΘΙΩ (esthiō) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to eat'. The aorist stem, from which ἘΦΑΓΕΝ is formed, is related to the root ΦΑΓ- (phag-), which also means 'to eat' and is found in other Greek words related to consumption.
G2384
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: Ee-ah-KOB
Translations: Jacob
Notes: This is a proper noun referring to Jacob, a prominent patriarch in the Old Testament, the son of Isaac and Rebekah, and the father of the twelve tribes of Israel. It is used to refer to the individual himself or, by extension, to his descendants, the nation of Israel.
Inflection: Does not inflect for case or number in this form, functions as a proper noun.
Etymology: From Hebrew Ya'aqov (יַעֲקֹב), meaning 'supplanter' or 'heel-grabber'.
G4130
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-nem-PLEES-thay
Translations: was filled, was fulfilled, was completed
Notes: This word is the 3rd person singular, aorist, indicative, passive form of the verb 'πίμπλημι' (pimplēmi). It means 'to be filled' or 'to be fulfilled/completed'. It describes a state of being filled, either literally with a substance or figuratively with a feeling or a prophecy being brought to completion. For example, 'he/she/it was filled with joy' or 'the prophecy was fulfilled'.
Inflection: 3rd Person Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Passive
Synonyms: ΓΕΜΙΖΩ, ΠΛΗΡΟΩ
Etymology: The verb πίμπλημι (pimplēmi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *pleh₁- meaning 'to fill'. It is a reduplicated form, indicating an iterative or intensive action.
G3044
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-lee-PAN-thay
Translations: was made fat, grew fat, became sleek, became prosperous
Notes: This word is a verb in the aorist passive tense, meaning 'to be made fat' or 'to grow fat'. It can also be used metaphorically to mean 'to become prosperous' or 'to become rich'. It describes a state of becoming plump or well-fed, often implying abundance or indulgence.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΠΑΧΥΝΩ, ΠΙΟΝΩ
Etymology: The word λιπαίνω (lipainō) comes from the Greek word λίπος (lipos), meaning 'fat' or 'oil'.
G0660
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ap-eh-LAK-tee-sen
Translations: kicked off, kicked away, spurned, rejected
Notes: This verb describes the action of kicking something away or kicking off, often implying a forceful rejection or spurning. It can be used to describe someone who has grown prosperous and then turns away from or rejects the source of their prosperity, like kicking away the hand that fed them.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΡΡΙΠΤΩ, ΑΠΟΔΟΚΙΜΑΖΩ
G0025
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: ee-gah-pee-MEH-nos
Translations: beloved, a beloved, loved one, dear one
Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle of the verb 'agapaō' (to love), meaning 'having been loved' or 'one who is loved'. It is commonly used as an adjective to describe someone who is cherished or dear, or as a noun referring to a 'beloved one' or 'dear one'. It emphasizes a state of being loved.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΦΙΛΟΥΜΕΝΟΣ, ΑΓΑΠΗΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word 'agapaō' (to love) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It refers to a love that is unconditional, sacrificial, and volitional, distinct from other Greek words for love like 'phileō' (affectionate love) or 'erōs' (passionate love).
G3975
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-pa-KHOON-thay
Translations: grew fat, became dull, became calloused, became hardened
Notes: This verb describes the process of becoming thick, fat, or dull. It can be used literally to refer to a physical increase in size or weight, such as growing fat. Metaphorically, it is often used to describe the hardening or dulling of one's heart, mind, or senses, implying a lack of spiritual perception or responsiveness. It suggests a state of insensitivity or spiritual blindness.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ἘΛΙΠΑΝΘΗ, ἘΠΛΑΤΥΝΘΗ
Etymology: The word ΠΑΧΥΝΩ comes from the Greek adjective παχύς (pachys), meaning 'thick' or 'fat'. The verb form means 'to make thick' or 'to grow thick'.
G4115
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ep-lah-TOON-thay
Translations: was broadened, was enlarged, was made wide, was expanded, grew fat, became arrogant, became proud
Notes: This word describes something that has been made wide, broadened, or expanded. It can refer to physical enlargement, such as growing fat, or metaphorically to an expansion of one's heart or spirit, often implying a sense of pride or arrogance. It is used to describe a state of being made wider or more spacious, or metaphorically, to become haughty or unfeeling.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΕΥΡΥΝΩ, ΔΙΑΠΛΑΤΥΝΩ
G1459
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eng-ka-teh-LEE-peh
Translations: abandoned, left behind, forsook, deserted
Notes: This word means to abandon, leave behind, or forsake. It is a compound verb formed from the prefix 'ἐν' (in, among), 'κατά' (down, against), and 'λείπω' (to leave). It describes the act of leaving someone or something in a state of abandonment or neglect.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΑΦΙΗΜΙ, ΚΑΤΑΛΕΙΠΩ
G4160
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: poy-EE-san-tah
Translations: having made, who made, the one who made, him who made, maker, doer
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having made' or 'who made'. It describes someone who has performed an action of making or doing. It functions like an adjective or a noun, often referring to 'the one who made' or 'the maker', and in this form, it is in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine, Aorist, Active, Participle
Synonyms: ΕΡΓΑΣΑΜΕΝΟΝ, ΔΗΜΙΟΥΡΓΗΣΑΝΤΑ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: him, it, himself, itself
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun, typically meaning 'him' or 'it' when used as a personal pronoun. It can also be used intensively to mean 'himself' or 'itself', emphasizing the subject or object. It refers to a previously mentioned male person or a neuter object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter
G3575
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: NO-eh
Translations: Noah
Notes: This is the name of the biblical patriarch Noah, known for building the ark and surviving the great flood. It is used as a proper name for a male individual.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative
Etymology: From Hebrew נֹחַ (Noach), meaning 'rest' or 'comfort'.
G3754
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OH-tee
Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which
Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ
Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.
G4784
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: soong-keh-KHO-ree-toh
Translations: it had been allowed, it had been granted, it had been forgiven, it had been conceded
Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the prefix ΣΥΝ (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΧΩΡΕΩ (chōreō), meaning 'to make room' or 'to advance'. In its perfect passive form, it means 'to have been allowed', 'to have been granted', or 'to have been forgiven'. It describes a state where something has been permitted or conceded.
Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Indicative or Imperative, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΑΦΙΗΜΙ, ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΕΠΙΤΡΕΠΩ
Etymology: The word ΣΥΓΧΩΡΕΩ is derived from the prefix ΣΥΝ (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΧΩΡΕΩ (chōreō), meaning 'to make room' or 'to advance'. The combination implies making room together or yielding.
G5259
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: hoo-POH
Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THAY-oo
Translations: of God, of a God
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'ΘΕΟΣ' (theos), meaning 'God' or 'a god'. In Koine Greek, the genitive case often indicates possession, origin, or relationship, similar to the English 'of' or the possessive apostrophe 's'. Therefore, 'ΘΕΟΥ' typically translates to 'of God' or 'of a god', depending on the context. It can refer to the one true God or to a pagan deity.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
G1344
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: dee-KAH-ee-oh
Translations: I justify, I declare righteous, I make righteous, I acquit
Notes: This verb means to justify, to declare someone righteous, or to make them righteous. It can also mean to acquit someone of a charge. It is used to describe the act of God declaring or making people righteous in His sight, or to describe a legal process of vindication.
Inflection: First Person Singular, Present Active Indicative
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΥΩ, ΑΘΩΟΩ, ΑΠΟΦΑΙΝΩ
Etymology: From the Greek word δίκαιος (dikaios), meaning 'righteous' or 'just'. The verb form means to render or declare someone righteous.
G5607
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ON-tee
Translations: to being, to one who is, to one being, being
Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the present active participle of the verb 'to be'. It describes someone or something that is in a state of being or existence, often translated as 'being' or 'to one who is'. It functions to provide additional information about a noun or pronoun, indicating a concurrent state or action.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Dative, Singular, Masculine or Neuter
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun
Sounds like: PAN
Translations: all, every, whole, everything, a whole
Notes: This word is the neuter nominative or accusative singular form of the adjective/pronoun ΠΑΣ (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'. It is used to indicate totality or universality. For example, it can mean 'all things' or 'everything' when used substantively, or 'the whole' when modifying a singular noun. It can also be used to mean 'every' when referring to individual items within a group.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
Etymology: The word ΠΑΣ (pas) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *peh₂- meaning 'to protect, feed'. Its meaning evolved to 'all' or 'whole' in Greek.
G1722
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: em-PSY-khon
Translations: animated, living, ensouled
Notes: This word describes something that possesses a soul or life, meaning it is animated or living. It is a compound word formed from the preposition 'ἐν' (in) and the noun 'ψυχή' (soul, life). It is used to describe anything that has life, breath, or a soul, distinguishing it from inanimate objects. For example, it can refer to living beings or things that have been given life.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΖΩΟΝ, ΕΜΠΝΟΟΥΝ
G4133
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition
Sounds like: PLAYN
Translations: but, nevertheless, except, only, however, save, yet, notwithstanding, (except) for
Notes: This word functions as an adverb, conjunction, or preposition, indicating an exception, contrast, or limitation. As an adverb, it means 'nevertheless' or 'only'. As a conjunction, it means 'but' or 'however', introducing a contrasting statement. As a preposition, it means 'except' or 'save', typically followed by a genitive case, indicating exclusion.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΛΛΑ, ΕΙ ΜΗ, ΧΩΡΙΣ
Etymology: From an obsolete root, possibly related to πλῆθος (plēthos, 'multitude'), suggesting a sense of 'fullness' or 'completeness' from which something is excluded.
G2907
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KREH-as
Translations: meat, flesh, a meat, a flesh
Notes: This word refers to the flesh of an animal, especially when prepared for food. It is commonly used in contexts discussing diet, sacrifices, or the physical body. For example, it can be used to say 'I ate meat' or 'they offered flesh'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΣΑΡΞ
Etymology: The word ΚΡΕΑΣ comes from an unknown origin, possibly pre-Greek. It has cognates in other Indo-European languages, suggesting an ancient root related to cutting or dividing.
G0001
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: AH-ee-mah-tee
Translations: to blood, in blood, with blood, by blood
Notes: This word refers to blood, the fluid that circulates in the vascular system of humans and other vertebrates. It is often used in a literal sense, but can also carry symbolic meaning, such as representing life, sacrifice, or kinship, especially in religious or covenantal contexts.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Neuter
G3754
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Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OH-per
Translations: the very thing which, which, whatsoever, as, just as
Notes: ΟΠΕΡ is an intensive relative pronoun, meaning 'the very thing which' or 'whatsoever'. It is used to emphasize the preceding noun or idea, often functioning as a stronger form of 'which' or 'what'. It can introduce a clause that specifies or elaborates on something already mentioned, or it can indicate a cause or reason.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: Ο, ΟΣ, ΟΣΠΕΡ
Etymology: ΟΠΕΡ is a compound word formed from the relative pronoun ὅ (ho), meaning 'who, which, what', and the enclitic particle περ (per), which adds emphasis or intensity, often translated as 'just, even, indeed'.
G2076
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ES-tee
Translations: is, he is, she is, it is, there is
Notes: This word is the third person singular present indicative form of the verb 'to be'. It is used to express existence, identity, or a state of being. For example, it can mean 'he is', 'she is', 'it is', or simply 'is' in a sentence.
Inflection: Third person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is cognate with the English word 'is' and Latin 'est'.
G3498
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: neh-KRI-mah-ee-on
Translations: dead body, corpse, a dead thing
Notes: This word refers to a dead body or a corpse. It is the neuter form of the adjective 'dead' used as a noun, meaning 'that which is dead'. It is often used in contexts referring to ritual impurity from contact with dead things.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΠΤΩΜΑ, ΣΩΜΑ
Etymology: The word ΝΕΚΡΟΣ (nekros) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *neḱ- meaning 'to perish, disappear'.
G1223
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: dee-AH
Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.
G3475
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: moh-SEH-ohs
Translations: of Moses
Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the proper noun 'Moses'. Moses was a pivotal figure in the Old Testament, known for leading the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt and receiving the Ten Commandments from God on Mount Sinai. The word refers to anything belonging to or associated with Moses, such as 'the law of Moses' or 'the book of Moses'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
G2477
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-nis-toh-RAY-thay
Translations: was inquired into, was investigated, was learned, was known
Notes: This word is a verb in the aorist passive indicative form. It means 'was inquired into,' 'was investigated,' or 'was learned/known by inquiry.' It describes an action that was completed in the past, where the subject of the verb was the recipient of the action of inquiry or investigation. It implies gaining knowledge through personal research or experience.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Indicative, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΕΞΕΤΑΖΩ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun
Sounds like: TAY
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which
Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.
G0976
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: BEE-bloh
Translations: (to) a book, (to) a scroll, (to) a volume, (to) a record
Notes: This word refers to a book, scroll, or any written document. It is used to denote a collection of writings, often in the form of a roll or scroll in ancient times. In the provided examples, it is used in the dative case, indicating the recipient or location of an action, such as 'in the book' or 'according to the book'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΓΡΑΦΗ, ΔΕΛΤΟΣ
G1078
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: geh-NEH-seh-ohss
Translations: of birth, of origin, of creation, of generation, of beginning, of lineage
Notes: This word refers to the act or process of coming into being, such as birth, origin, or creation. It can also denote a lineage or a record of descent. It is used to describe the beginning of something, like the 'day of birth' or the 'book of Genesis' (meaning 'book of origins').
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΓΕΝΕΣΙΣ, ΓΕΝΕΣΙΣ, ΓΕΝΕΣΙΣ
G1014
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: boo-LOH-meh-noo
Translations: wishing, desiring, intending, purposing, wanting, of one wishing, of one desiring, of one intending, of one purposing, of one wanting
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'boulomai', meaning 'to wish' or 'to desire'. It describes someone who is in the act of wishing, desiring, or intending something. It is often used to indicate the will or purpose of a person or group, and can function similarly to a noun or adjective depending on the context.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Present, Middle or Passive
Synonyms: ΘΕΛΟΝΤΟΣ, ΕΠΙΘΥΜΟΥΝΤΟΣ
Etymology: From the root 'boulē' (counsel, will), which is related to the idea of deliberate choice or purpose. It signifies a desire that comes from a settled purpose or intention, rather than a fleeting wish.
G2036
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ay-PINE
Translations: to say, to speak, to tell
Notes: This word is an aorist infinitive verb meaning 'to say', 'to speak', or 'to tell'. It is used to express the action of speaking or communicating something, often in a general sense without specifying the subject or object of the action. It can be used in various constructions, such as after verbs of commanding or desiring, or to express purpose.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΕΙΝ, ΛΑΛΕΙΝ, ΦΑΝΑΙ
Etymology: ΕἸΠΕΙΝ is the aorist infinitive of the verb ΕἸΠΩ, which is a suppletive aorist form used with the present tense verbs ΛΕΓΩ and ΦΗΜΙ. Its origin traces back to Proto-Indo-European roots related to speaking or declaring.
G3001
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: lah-KHAH-nah
Translations: vegetables, herbs, garden herbs, a vegetable, an herb
Notes: This word refers to vegetables, garden herbs, or greens. It is commonly used in the plural to denote a collection of such plants, often those cultivated for food. It can be used in contexts referring to edible plants in general.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΧΟΡΤΟΣ, ΒΟΤΑΝΗ
Etymology: The word 'λάχανα' is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It refers to garden herbs or vegetables.
G5528
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: khor-TOO
Translations: of grass, of hay, of fodder, of pasture, of herbage
Notes: This word refers to grass, hay, or any kind of green herbage or fodder for animals. It is used in a general sense to describe vegetation, particularly that which grows in fields or serves as food for livestock. As a genitive form, it often indicates possession or origin, such as 'of grass' or 'belonging to grass'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΒΟΤΑΝΗ, ΠΟΑ
G4280
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pro-EI-pon
Translations: said before, told beforehand, foretold, declared beforehand
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before', and the verb ἐρῶ (erō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It means to say something in advance, to declare it beforehand, or to foretell it. It is often used to refer to something that has already been mentioned or stated earlier in a text or conversation.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular or 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΛΕΓΩ, ΠΡΟΦΗΤΕΥΩ
Etymology: The word is a compound of the Greek preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of', and the aorist stem of the verb ἐρῶ (erō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'.
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-GOH
Translations: I, me
Notes: ἘΓΩ is the first-person singular personal pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning "I" or "me." It refers to the speaker and functions primarily as the subject of a sentence. While the first-person singular verb ending often makes the pronoun redundant, ἘΓΩ is frequently used for emphasis, similar to saying "I myself" or "even I" in English. It can also be used to clarify the subject when multiple individuals are involved.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Nominative
Etymology: This word is an ancient pronoun, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has cognates in many Indo-European languages, reflecting a shared linguistic heritage.
G3361
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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb
Sounds like: MAY
Translations: not, lest, no, do not
Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.
G191
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-koo-SEH-stheh
Translations: you will hear, you will listen, you will obey
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to hear' or 'to listen'. In Koine Greek, it often carries the additional nuance of 'to obey' or 'to pay attention to', especially when used in a religious or authoritative context. It describes the act of perceiving sound or giving heed to a message.
Inflection: Future, Middle/Passive, Indicative, 2nd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΠΕΙΘΟΜΑΙ, ΥΠΑΚΟΥΩ
G2046
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ee-RAY-tai
Translations: it has been said, it is said, it was said
Notes: This word is the third person singular, perfect passive indicative form of the verb 'erō' (to say, to speak). It indicates an action that was completed in the past and whose results continue into the present. It is commonly translated as 'it has been said' or 'it is said', often referring to something previously stated or written.
Inflection: Third Person Singular, Perfect, Passive, Indicative
Synonyms: ΛΕΛΕΚΤΑΙ, ΕΙΠΕΝ
Etymology: The verb 'erō' (to say, to speak) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to put in order, to arrange, to speak'. It is related to other Greek words concerning speech and order.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.
G1519
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EES
Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward
Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.
G5160
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: tro-FANE
Translations: food, nourishment, sustenance, a food
Notes: This word refers to food or nourishment, anything that sustains life. It is commonly used in contexts describing physical sustenance, but can also metaphorically refer to spiritual or intellectual nourishment. In this form, it is the direct object of a verb or preposition.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΒΡΩΜΑ, ΣΙΤΟΣ, ΕΔΕΣΜΑ
G0444
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ahn-THROH-poh
Translations: to a man, to a human being, to a person
Notes: This word refers to a human being, a person, or mankind in general. It is used in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can refer to an individual man or woman, or to humanity as a whole.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΒΡΟΤΟΣ, ΑΝΗΡ, ΤΙΣ
G4160
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-peh-poy-EE-kay
Translations: he had done, he had made, he had produced, he had created
Notes: This is a verb in the pluperfect active indicative, third person singular. It describes an action that was completed in the past before another past action. It means 'he/she/it had done' or 'he/she/it had made' something. For example, 'He had made a decision before the meeting started.'
Inflection: Singular, 3rd Person, Pluperfect, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THEH-os
Translations: God, a God, Lord
Notes: ΘΕΟΣ (theos) is a singular noun meaning 'God' or 'a god'. In Koine Greek, it is frequently used to refer to the singular, supreme God, often with the definite article. It can also refer to a generic deity or even a human figure considered divine. It functions as a subject or object in sentences, depending on its case.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΠΑΤΗΡ
Etymology: The word ΘΕΟΣ is believed to derive from a Proto-Indo-European root, though its precise origin is debated. It has cognates in various Indo-European languages.
G3779
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OO-tohs
Translations: thus, so, in this way, in such a way
Notes: This adverb indicates manner or degree, meaning 'in this way,' 'thus,' or 'so.' It can refer back to something previously mentioned or forward to something about to be stated. It often introduces a consequence or result, showing how something is done or to what extent.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΩΣ
Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun ΟΥΤΟΣ (OUTOS), meaning 'this' or 'that'.
G2226
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ZOH-ah
Translations: living creatures, animals, beasts
Notes: The word "ζῷα" refers to living beings or creatures, often translated as "animals" or "beasts." It is the plural form of "ζῷον" (zōon). It can be used to describe any animate being, from insects to larger mammals, and in some contexts, even celestial beings or symbolic creatures in apocalyptic literature. It functions as a noun in a sentence, typically as the subject or object.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΘΗΡΙΑ
G2907
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kreh-oh-fa-GHEE-an
Translations: meat-eating, the eating of meat, a meat-eating
Notes: This word refers to the act or practice of eating meat. It is a compound word formed from 'κρέας' (kreas), meaning 'meat' or 'flesh', and 'φαγεῖν' (phagein), meaning 'to eat'. It describes the consumption of animal flesh.
Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Feminine
Etymology: The word ΚΡΕΩΦΑΓΙΑ (kreōphagia) is a compound noun derived from the Greek words κρέας (kreas), meaning 'meat' or 'flesh', and φαγεῖν (phagein), the aorist infinitive of ἐσθίω (esthíō), meaning 'to eat'. It literally means 'meat-eating'.
G1325
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-deh-DOH-kay
Translations: had given
Notes: This word is a verb form meaning 'had given'. It describes an action that was completed in the past before another past action. It is used to indicate a past perfect tense, showing that the act of giving was finished at some point in the past.
Inflection: Pluperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΠΑΡΕΧΩ, ΔΩΡΕΩ
G0243
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Part of Speech: Prefix
Sounds like: ALL
Translations: other, another, different, foreign
Notes: This is a prefix form of the word 'ἄλλος' (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to form compound words that convey the idea of something being different, foreign, or belonging to another group. For example, 'ἀλλογενῶν' means 'of other races', 'ἀλλότριοι' means 'strangers' or 'foreigners', and 'ἀλλόφυλους' means 'foreigners' or 'of another tribe'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix)
Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.
G1893
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: eh-PEI
Translations: since, because, for, when, after, inasmuch as
Notes: This word functions as a conjunction or adverb, introducing a clause that provides a reason, cause, or time. As a conjunction, it can mean 'since' or 'because' when indicating a cause, or 'when' or 'after' when indicating time. As an adverb, it can mean 'for' or 'inasmuch as'. It often introduces a dependent clause that explains the main clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΚΑΘΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙΔΗ
Etymology: From the preposition ἐπί (epi, 'upon, on') and the particle εἰ (ei, 'if'). It originally meant 'upon the condition that' or 'when'.
G5100
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TEE-nah
Translations: who, what, which, some, any, a certain one, something, anything
Notes: ΤΙΝΑ is an inflected form of the pronoun/adjective ΤΙΣ. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', 'anything', 'a certain one', or 'some'. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it is used in a question or a statement. It can function as both a pronoun standing alone or an adjective modifying a noun.
Inflection: Accusative Singular Masculine or Feminine, or Nominative/Accusative Plural Neuter
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G5528
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: khor-TON
Translations: of grass, of hay, of fodder, of pasture, of food
Notes: This word refers to grass, hay, or fodder, often used in the context of plants growing in a field or food for animals. It can also refer to the green vegetation in general. It is used to describe the substance that covers the ground or is consumed by livestock.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΠΟΑ, ΒΟΤΑΝΗ, ΛΑΧΑΝΟΝ
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OOK
Translations: not, no
Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.
G2068
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ess-THEE-oh-men
Translations: we eat, we are eating
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to eat' or 'to consume'. It describes the act of taking food into the body. In this form, it indicates that 'we' are the ones performing the action of eating.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Plural
Synonyms: ΦΑΓΩ, ΒΙΒΡΩΣΚΩ
Etymology: The word ΕΣΘΙΩ (esthiō) comes from an older Greek root related to eating. It is a common verb in ancient Greek, with cognates in other Indo-European languages.
G3779
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OO-toh
Translations: thus, so, in this way, in like manner
Notes: This word is an adverb of manner, indicating how something is done or the way in which something occurs. It can also refer to the extent or degree of something. It is often used to introduce a consequence or a comparison, meaning 'in this way' or 'thus'. It is an older form of ΟΥΤΩΣ, and both forms are used interchangeably in Koine Greek.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥΤΩΣ, ΩΣ
Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos, 'this'). It indicates 'in this manner' or 'thus', referring back to something previously mentioned or implied.
G1293
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: dee-as-toh-LEN
Translations: distinction, difference, separation, interval, a distinction, a difference, a separation, an interval
Notes: This word refers to a distinction, difference, or separation between two things or groups. It can also denote an interval or space. It is used to highlight how one thing is set apart from another, or to describe a period of time or space between events or objects.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΙΑΦΟΡΑ, ΧΩΡΙΣΜΟΣ, ΔΙΑΚΡΙΣΙΣ
G1642
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: ek-TOH-teh
Translations: since then, from that time
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'since then' or 'from that time'. It is used to indicate a point in time from which an action or state has continued or been true. For example, it might be used in a sentence like 'From that time on, he never returned.'
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἈΠΟ ΤΟΤΕ
Etymology: The word ἘΚΤΟΤΕ is a compound word formed from the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the adverb τότε (tote), meaning 'then' or 'at that time'.
G1291
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: dee-ess-TAL-thai
Translations: to be separated, to be distinguished, to be spread out, to be commanded, to have been separated, to have been distinguished, to have been spread out, to have been commanded
Notes: This word is the perfect infinitive form of the verb 'διαστέλλω' (diastellō). It describes an action that has been completed and whose results are ongoing, often conveying the sense of 'to have been separated,' 'to have been distinguished,' 'to have been spread out,' or 'to have been commanded.' It can be used in various contexts to indicate a state of separation, distinction, or a directive that has been issued.
Inflection: Perfect, Infinitive, Middle or Passive Voice
Synonyms: ΧΩΡΙΖΩ, ΔΙΑΚΡΙΝΩ, ΕΝΤΕΛΛΟΜΑΙ
G2068
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: PHA-teh
Translations: eat, devour, consume
Notes: This is the second person plural aorist active imperative form of the verb 'ἐσθίω' (esthiō), meaning 'to eat'. It is used to give a command to a group of people, instructing them to eat. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'Eat your food!'
Inflection: Second Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Imperative
Synonyms: ΒΙΒΡΩΣΚΩ, ΚΑΤΕΣΘΙΩ
G1804
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eks-ay-GEH-ee-stheh
Translations: you explain, you relate, you interpret, you expound, you lead out
Notes: This word means to explain, relate, or interpret something, often with the sense of leading out or bringing to light the meaning of a text or concept. It is used when someone is providing a detailed account or an interpretation of a subject. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ἐκ (ek, meaning 'out of') and the verb ἡγέομαι (hēgeomai, meaning 'to lead' or 'to consider').
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Indicative, Second Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΔΙΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΕΡΜΗΝΕΥΩ, ΣΑΦΗΝΙΖΩ
G4100
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Part of Speech: Verbal Adjective
Sounds like: pis-TEV-teh-on
Translations: one must believe, it is necessary to believe, to be believed
Notes: This word is a verbal adjective derived from the verb 'to believe' (ΠΙΣΤΕΥΩ). The suffix -τέον indicates necessity or obligation, meaning 'it is necessary to do X' or 'one must do X'. Therefore, ΠΙΣΤΕΥΤΕΟΝ means 'it is necessary to believe' or 'one must believe'. It is often used impersonally.
Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΔΕΙ, ΧΡΗ
G4413
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb
Sounds like: PRO-ton
Translations: first, foremost, chief, principal, a first thing, before, at the first, in the first place
Notes: This word means 'first' in terms of order, time, importance, or rank. As an adjective, it describes something as being the first of its kind or in a sequence. As an adverb, it indicates something happening initially or in the first instance. It can also refer to the chief or most important person or thing.
Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΡΧΗ, ΠΡΩΤΙΣΤΟΣ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ
Etymology: The word 'πρῶτος' (prōtos) is a superlative form derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pro- meaning 'forward, before'. It is related to the Greek preposition 'πρό' (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of'.
G3303
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: MEN
Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however
Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.
G2981
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: lah-KHA-non
Translations: herb, a herb, vegetable, a vegetable, garden herb, a garden herb
Notes: This word refers to any garden herb or vegetable, particularly those grown for food. It is used to describe plants that are cultivated and eaten, such as mint or rue, and can refer to a single plant or a general category of edible plants.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΧΟΡΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word is of uncertain origin, possibly related to words meaning 'to dig' or 'to cultivate', referring to something grown in a garden.
G0977
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: bib-ROH-skes-thai
Translations: to eat, to be eaten, to consume, to be consumed
Notes: This word is the present passive infinitive form of the verb 'to eat' or 'to consume'. It describes the action of being eaten or consumed by something, or the potential for something to be eaten. It is often used in contexts referring to food or the destruction of something by consumption.
Inflection: Present, Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΕΣΘΙΩ, ΚΑΤΕΣΘΙΩ
G1410
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: doo-NAH-meh-nos
Translations: being able, able, powerful, mighty
Notes: This word is a present participle of the verb 'δύναμαι' (dynamai), meaning 'to be able' or 'to have power'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone or something that is currently able or powerful. It often translates to 'being able' or simply 'able' in English, indicating capability or capacity.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΩΝ, ΚΡΑΤΩΝ
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb, Noun
Sounds like: LEH-gayn
Translations: to say, to speak, to tell
Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'λέγω' (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. As an infinitive, it functions like a verbal noun, often translated as 'to say' or 'the act of saying'. It can be used in various constructions where an action is expressed as a concept or purpose.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΕΙΠΕΙΝ, ΦΗΜΙ
G2901
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kra-too-NEIN
Translations: to strengthen, to make strong, to confirm, to establish, to prevail
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to strengthen' or 'to make strong'. It can also mean 'to confirm' or 'to establish' something, giving it firmness or authority. It is used to describe the act of imparting strength or stability, either physically or metaphorically, such as strengthening a person, a position, or a decree.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΕΝΙΣΧΥΩ, ΣΤΗΡΙΖΩ, ΒΕΒΑΙΟΩ
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOO-toh
Translations: (to) this, (for) this, (by) this, (in) this, (with) this
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'this' or 'that'. In its dative singular form, as 'ΤΟΥΤΩ', it indicates the indirect object of an action, or the means, instrument, or location. It can be translated as 'to this', 'for this', 'by this', 'in this', or 'with this', depending on the context. It points to something specific that is near or recently mentioned.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
G859
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: as-kho-lee-THEE-so-mai
Translations: I will be occupied, I will be busy, I will be engaged
Notes: This word is a verb indicating future occupation or engagement. It describes the state of being busy or having one's attention directed towards a particular task or matter. It is often used to express that someone will dedicate their time or effort to something.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Future, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice
Synonyms: ἘΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΑΤΤΩ
G0235
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: AL-lah
Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed
Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.
G1519, G1487, G1488
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb
Sounds like: E
Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are
Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).
G1252
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: dee-ah-KREE-noh-men
Translations: we distinguish, we judge, we doubt, we contend, we dispute, we waver
Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from διά (dia, meaning 'through' or 'apart') and κρίνω (krinō, meaning 'to judge' or 'to separate'). It means to distinguish, to judge, to discern, or to make a distinction. In the middle voice, it can mean to contend, dispute, or to waver and doubt, as if judging oneself or being divided in one's mind. It is used to describe the act of making a decision or separating one thing from another.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive Voice, Indicative Mood, First Person Plural
Synonyms: ΚΡΙΝΩ, ΔΙΚΑΖΩ, ΑΜΦΙΒΑΛΛΩ
Etymology: The word ΔΙΑΚΡΙΝΩ is a compound of the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and the verb κρίνω (krinō), meaning 'to separate', 'to judge', or 'to decide'. The combination implies a thorough or decisive separation or judgment.
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-ta
Translations: all, every, everything, all things
Notes: This word means 'all' or 'every'. In its plural neuter form, as seen here, it often translates to 'all things' or 'everything'. It is used to indicate totality or universality, referring to a complete set or collection of items or concepts.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G2068
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ess-THEE-on-tess
Translations: eating, those eating, while eating
Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb 'to eat'. It describes an ongoing action of eating and can function as an adjective, meaning 'those who are eating', or as an adverb, meaning 'while eating' or 'by eating'. It indicates a group of masculine individuals performing the action.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΦΑΓΟΝΤΕΣ, ΒΙΒΡΩΣΚΟΝΤΕΣ
Etymology: The word ἘΣΘΙΩ (esthiō) comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to eat'.
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OO
Translations: not, no
Notes: ΟΥ̓ is a negative particle used to express a factual negation. It typically negates verbs in the indicative mood, stating that something is not true or does not happen. It can also negate other parts of speech. When combined with ΜΉ (ou mē), it forms a very strong negation, meaning "by no means" or "never."
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ, ΟΥ̓Κ, ΟΥ̓ΧΊ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a fundamental negative particle in Greek.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EYE-nah-ee
Translations: to be, to exist, to happen, to become
Notes: This is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'to be'. It expresses existence, identity, or a state of being. It can also be used to indicate purpose or result, especially when preceded by the genitive article 'τοῦ' (tou), in which case it can be translated as 'in order to be' or 'for the purpose of being'.
Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active. Does not inflect for person, number, gender, or case.
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΩ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: ow-TAH
Translations: them, these things, it, the same
Notes: This word is an inflection of the pronoun/adjective 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ' (autos). In this form, it functions as a neuter plural pronoun, meaning 'them' or 'these things', referring to inanimate objects or concepts. It can also be used as an adjective meaning 'the same'. It typically serves as the subject or direct object of a verb.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΙ, ἘΚΕΙΝΑ
G2839
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: KOY-nah
Translations: common, unclean, profane, shared, public, a common thing, common things
Notes: This word describes something that is common, shared, or public. In a religious context, it can also refer to something that is ritually unclean or profane, as opposed to sacred or pure. It is often used to describe things that are accessible to everyone or shared among a group. When used as a noun, it refers to 'common things' or 'things held in common'.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΔΗΜΟΣΙΑ, ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΚΑ
Etymology: The word ΚΟΙΝΟΣ (koinos) is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be related to the concept of 'togetherness' or 'sharing'. It is the root from which many words related to community and commonality are derived.
G2228, G3588
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Definite Article, Numeral
Sounds like: AY
Translations: or, the, 8
Notes: This word can function as a conjunction meaning 'or', indicating an alternative or choice between two or more options. It can also be the feminine nominative singular form of the definite article 'the', used to specify a feminine noun that is the subject of a sentence. The '̓' (coronis) indicates that this form is an elision, meaning it's a shortened form of a word like ἤ (e.g., when followed by a vowel). Additionally, the '̓' could be a keraia, indicating the numeral 8.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as conjunction or numeral); Singular, Nominative, Feminine (as definite article)
Etymology: The conjunction ἤ (e.g., from which Ἠ is an elision) is of uncertain origin. The definite article ἡ (from which Ἠ is an elision) comes from Proto-Indo-European. The numeral meaning is derived from the Greek letter eta (Η), which was used to represent the number 8.
G169
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-ka-THAR-tah
Translations: unclean, impure, defiled, unclean things, impure things, defiled things
Notes: This word describes something as ritually or morally unclean or impure. It is a compound word formed from the negative prefix 'α-' (not) and 'καθαρός' (clean, pure). It is often used in a religious or ceremonial context to refer to things that are forbidden or defiled, such as certain foods or practices. It can also refer to moral impurity.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative; or Feminine, Singular, Nominative or Vocative
Synonyms: ἈΚΑΘΑΡΣΙΑ, ΜΙΑΣΜΑ
G4089
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: PIK-rah
Translations: bitter, bitterness, a bitter thing, a bitter experience
Notes: This word describes something that is bitter, either literally in taste or figuratively in an emotional or experiential sense. It can refer to a bitter taste, a bitter feeling like grief or resentment, or a bitter experience or outcome. It is often used to describe something harsh, severe, or unpleasant.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΙΚΡΟΝ, ΠΙΚΡΙΑ
Etymology: The word "ΠΙΚΡΑ" comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *peik-, meaning 'to cut, to prick', which evolved to describe a sharp or pungent taste.
G2287
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: thah-NAH-see-mah
Translations: deadly, fatal, mortal, deadly things, fatal things
Notes: This word describes something that is deadly, fatal, or mortal, meaning it has the power to cause death. It can refer to things that are poisonous, lethal, or otherwise capable of bringing about an end to life. It is often used to describe substances, wounds, or situations that are life-threatening.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΘΑΝΑΤΗΦΟΡΟΣ, ΟΛΕΘΡΙΟΣ, ΦΟΝΙΚΟΣ
G0017
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-kan-THOH-day
Translations: thorny, full of thorns, prickly
Notes: This adjective describes something that is covered in thorns or has a thorny, prickly nature. It is used to characterize things that are rough, difficult, or harmful, much like a path or plant full of thorns.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Etymology: The word "akanthodes" comes from "akantha" (thorn) and the suffix "-odes" (full of, resembling). It literally means "full of thorns" or "thorny."
G1161
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: DEH
Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however
Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.
G1088
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: gly-KEH-ohn
Translations: of sweet, of the sweet, of sweet things
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'sweet'. It is used to describe something that has a pleasant taste, like honey or fruit. It can also be used metaphorically to describe something pleasant or delightful, such as a sweet sound or a sweet disposition. In this form, it refers to the genitive plural of 'sweet things' or 'those who are sweet'.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-tone
Translations: (of) all, (of) every, (of) everyone, (of) everything, (of) the whole
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'πᾶς' (pas), meaning 'all', 'every', or 'the whole'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for a plural group, signifying 'of all' or 'belonging to all'. It can refer to people, things, or concepts, encompassing a complete set or totality.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G5142
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: tro-fee-MOH-tah-tohn
Translations: most nourishing, most nutritious, most useful for food, of the most nourishing, of the most nutritious, of the most useful for food
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the superlative adjective 'trophimos', meaning 'most nourishing' or 'most nutritious'. It describes something that provides the greatest sustenance or is most beneficial as food. It would be used to modify a plural noun in the genitive case, indicating possession or origin, such as 'of the most nourishing things'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, All genders, Superlative
Synonyms: ΕΥΣΙΤΟΣ, ΕΥΘΡΕΠΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΤΡΟΦΙΜΟΣ (trophimos) comes from τροφή (trophē), meaning 'nourishment' or 'food', which itself is derived from τρέφω (trephō), meaning 'to nourish' or 'to feed'.
G2570
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: KAL-lis-ton
Translations: of the most beautiful, of the best, of the noblest
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'καλός' (kalos), meaning 'beautiful,' 'good,' or 'noble.' As a superlative, 'κάλλιστος' means 'most beautiful,' 'best,' or 'noblest.' In the genitive plural, it indicates possession or origin, often translated as 'of the most beautiful ones' or 'of the best things.' It is used to describe something belonging to or originating from a group of the highest quality or beauty.
Inflection: Superlative, Genitive, Plural, All genders
Synonyms: ΑΡΙΣΤΩΝ, ΚΡΑΤΙΣΤΩΝ
G2282
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: thah-lah-SEE-ohn
Translations: of the sea, marine, maritime, sea-dwelling, of sea-dwellers, of those of the sea
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'of the sea' or 'marine'. It describes something or someone related to the sea. In its genitive plural form, it can refer to things or people belonging to or associated with the sea, such as 'sea-dwellers' or 'marine creatures'. It is often used to describe sailors, fishermen, or anything found in or near the sea.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΝΑΥΤΙΚΟΣ, ΠΟΝΤΙΟΣ, ΘΑΛΑΣΣΑΙΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΘΑΛΑΣΣΙΟΣ (thalassios) is derived from the noun ΘΑΛΑΣΣΑ (thalassa), meaning 'sea'. It is formed by adding the adjectival suffix -ιος (-ios) to the root of 'sea', indicating a relationship or belonging to the sea.
G5037
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle
Sounds like: TEH
Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.
G5504
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: kher-SAI-ohn
Translations: of land-dwelling, of dry-land, of land-based
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'land-dwelling' or 'pertaining to dry land'. It is used to describe things or creatures that live on or are associated with land, as opposed to water. In this form, it is the genitive plural, indicating 'of those that are land-dwelling' or 'of things pertaining to dry land'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΞΗΡΟΣ, ΑΝΥΔΡΟΣ
Etymology: The word derives from the Greek noun 'χέρσος' (chersos), meaning 'dry land' or 'mainland'.
G2107
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-fee-EH-meh-tha
Translations: we long for, we desire, we aim at, we aspire to, we seek after
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to long for,' 'to desire,' or 'to aim at.' It describes a strong yearning or aspiration towards something. It can be used to express a deep personal desire or a collective goal that a group is striving to achieve.
Inflection: First Person, Plural, Present, Indicative or Subjunctive, Middle or Passive
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΘΥΜΩ, ΟΡΕΓΟΜΑΙ, ΖΗΤΕΩ
Etymology: The word Ἐφίημι is a compound word formed from the preposition ἐπί (epí), meaning 'upon' or 'towards,' and the verb ἵημι (híēmi), meaning 'to send' or 'to throw.' Thus, it literally means 'to send oneself towards' or 'to throw oneself upon,' conveying the sense of directing one's desire or effort towards something.
G3348
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: meh-TEH-kho-men
Translations: we partake, we share, we participate, we have a share
Notes: This word means to partake of, share in, or participate in something. It implies having a portion or a share of something, often in common with others. It is used to describe the act of receiving or experiencing something along with others, such as sharing a meal or participating in an activity.
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Active, First Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΚΟΙΝΩΝΕΩ, ΣΥΜΜΕΤΕΧΩ
G0169
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-ka-THAR-tone
Translations: unclean, impure, defiled, unholy
Notes: This word describes something that is ritually or morally impure, defiled, or unholy. It is often used in a religious context to refer to things or people that are not fit for worship or sacred use, or to describe evil spirits. It can also refer to things that are physically dirty or ceremonially defiled according to Jewish law. This is the genitive plural form of the adjective.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, All genders
Synonyms: ΑΝΟΣΙΟΣ, ΒΕΒΗΛΟΣ, ΜΙΑΡΟΣ
G0094
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-dee-KOHN
Translations: unjust, unrighteous, wicked, of the unjust, of the unrighteous, of the wicked
Notes: This word describes something or someone as unjust, unrighteous, or wicked. It is often used to characterize actions, people, or things that are contrary to what is right or lawful. In the provided examples, it is used in the genitive plural, meaning 'of the unjust' or 'of wicked things/people'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΝΟΜΟΣ, ΑΣΕΒΗΣ, ΠΟΝΗΡΟΣ
G3891
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pa-ra-NO-mon
Translations: of lawless, of wicked, of unrighteous, of transgressors
Notes: This word describes something or someone that is lawless, wicked, or unrighteous, acting contrary to law or custom. It is often used to refer to people who violate divine or human laws. In a sentence, it would modify a noun, indicating that the noun possesses the quality of being lawless or belonging to lawless individuals.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΝΟΜΟΣ, ΑΔΙΚΟΣ, ΠΟΝΗΡΟΣ
G5210
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: hoo-MAS
Translations: you, you all
Notes: This is a second-person plural personal pronoun, meaning 'you' or 'you all'. It is in the accusative case, indicating that it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used in a sentence like 'He saw you all'.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Second Person, All genders
G2753
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-keh-LEW-sen
Translations: commanded, ordered, bade, urged
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to command' or 'to order'. It is used to express an instruction or directive given by someone in authority. For example, a king might command his servants to do something, or a general might order his troops.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΤΩ, ΕΝΤΕΛΛΟΜΑΙ, ΕΠΙΤΑΤΤΩ
G1893
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: ep-AY-day
Translations: since, because, for, inasmuch as, seeing that
Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause that provides a reason or cause for the main clause. It can be translated as 'since,' 'because,' or 'for,' indicating a logical connection between events or statements. It is often found at the beginning of a sentence or clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΓΑΡ, ΕΠΕΙ
Etymology: This word is a compound of the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi, 'upon, on') and the conjunction ἘΠΕΙ (epei, 'when, since'), with the particle ΔΗ (de, 'indeed, now'). It emphasizes the causal relationship.
G3131
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: MAN-nah
Translations: manna, a manna
Notes: This word refers to the miraculous food provided by God to the Israelites during their forty years of wandering in the wilderness after their exodus from Egypt. It is described as a bread-like substance that appeared on the ground each morning. It is used in contexts referring to this specific divine provision.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word "manna" is of Hebrew origin, derived from the question "man hu?" meaning "What is it?" which the Israelites asked when they first saw it. It was adopted into Greek and then into other languages.
G2047
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: eh-RAY-moh
Translations: to a desert, in a desert, to a wilderness, in a wilderness, to a desolate place, in a desolate place
Notes: This word refers to a desert, wilderness, or desolate place. It is used to describe an uninhabited or sparsely populated area, often barren or uncultivated. In the provided examples, it is used in the dative case, indicating location ('in the wilderness') or direction ('to the wilderness').
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΡΗΜΙΑ, ΑΝΥΔΡΟΣ
G2298
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: thav-ma-SEE-ah
Translations: wonderful, marvelous, amazing, a wonder, marvelous things, wonders
Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'wonderful' or 'marvelous'. When used in the neuter plural, as in the examples, it often functions as a noun meaning 'wonders' or 'marvelous things'. It describes something that causes astonishment or admiration due to its extraordinary nature.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΘΑΥΜΑ, ΘΑΥΜΑΣΤΟΣ, ΕΚΠΛΗΞΙΣ
G3708
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: oh-RON-tes
Translations: seeing, beholding, looking at, perceiving, observing, those seeing, the ones seeing
Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'οράω' (oraō), meaning 'to see' or 'to behold'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action performed by the subject. In this form, 'ο̄ρῶντες' refers to 'those who are seeing' or 'the ones who are beholding'. It can be used to describe people who are actively observing something.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΟΝΤΕΣ, ΘΕΩΡΟΥΝΤΕΣ
Etymology: The verb 'οράω' (oraō) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to see'. It is an ancient Greek verb with a long history of usage.
G1096
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ghee-NOH-meh-nah
Translations: things happening, events, things coming to pass, things being done
Notes: This word is a present middle or passive participle, meaning 'things that are happening' or 'things that are coming into existence/being done'. It describes ongoing actions or occurrences. It is often used to refer to events or circumstances.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΕΡΓΑ, ΠΡΑΓΜΑΤΑ, ΣΥΜΒΑΙΝΟΝΤΑ
G3448
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: MOS-khon
Translations: calf, a calf, young bull, a young bull, heifer, a heifer
Notes: This word refers to a young animal, typically a calf or a young bull. It is often used in contexts relating to livestock, sacrifices, or food. In the provided examples, it refers to a golden calf idol and an animal chosen for sacrifice.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΒΟΥΣ, ΤΑΥΡΟΣ
G5552
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: KHROO-seh-on
Translations: golden, of gold, made of gold, a golden thing, a thing of gold
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'golden' or 'made of gold'. It describes something that is composed of or resembles gold. It can be used to describe objects, colors, or even qualities that are precious or valuable, similar to gold.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From the Greek word χρυσός (chrysos), meaning 'gold'.
G4160
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: poy-EE-san-tes
Translations: having made, having done, making, doing, performing, creating
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to make' or 'to do'. It describes an action that has been completed by the subject, often preceding or accompanying the action of the main verb in a sentence. It functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb by indicating the action performed.
Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΡΑΞΑΝΤΕΣ, ΕΡΓΑΣΑΜΕΝΟΙ, ΤΕΛΕΣΑΝΤΕΣ
G4352
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pros-eh-koo-NEH-ee-teh
Translations: you were worshipping, you were bowing down, you were prostrating yourselves
Notes: This word describes the act of showing reverence or adoration, often by bowing down or prostrating oneself before someone or something. It can refer to worship of God, but also to showing respect or homage to a king or a person of authority. The form 'ΠΡΟΣΕΚΥΝΕΙΤΕ' indicates an ongoing or repeated action in the past.
Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 2nd Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΣΕΒΟΜΑΙ, ΛΑΤΡΕΥΩ
G5620
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: HOH-steh
Translations: so that, in order that, consequently, therefore, with the result that
Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause of result or purpose. It indicates that what follows is a consequence or the intended outcome of what was previously stated. It can also introduce an infinitive clause to express result.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΔΙΟ
Etymology: From the adverb ὡς (hōs), meaning 'as' or 'how', combined with the particle τε (te), meaning 'and' or 'also'. It developed to express result or consequence.
G1346
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: dee-KAH-ee-ohss
Translations: righteously, justly, rightly
Notes: This word describes an action or state that is in accordance with what is right, just, or fair. It indicates that something is done in a righteous or equitable manner, often implying moral correctness or adherence to divine law. It can be used to describe how someone acts or how something is judged.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΡΘΩΣ, ΕΥΘΕΩΣ
G0104
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: ah-EH-ee
Translations: always, ever, continually, at all times
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'always' or 'ever'. It indicates something that happens without interruption, continuously, or at all times. It can be used to describe an action or state that is perpetual or ongoing.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΑΝΤΟΤΕ, ΔΙΑΠΑΝΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word 'ἈΕΙ' comes from an ancient root meaning 'ever' or 'always'. It is related to words indicating duration or perpetuity.
G0994
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: boh-AH
Translations: cry out, shout, call out, proclaim
Notes: This word describes the act of crying out or shouting, often with a loud voice. It can be used to express strong emotion, to call for attention, or to make a proclamation. It is typically used in the active voice.
Inflection: Present, Active, Imperative, Second Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΚΡΑΖΩ, ΦΩΝΕΩ, ΚΕΚΡΑΓΑ
G5207
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ee-OY
Translations: sons, children
Notes: This word refers to male offspring, or more broadly, to descendants or followers. It is the plural form of 'son' and is commonly used to denote a group of male individuals related by birth or by a shared characteristic, such as 'sons of Israel' or 'sons of God'. It can also be used metaphorically.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΤΕΚΝΑ
G0801
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-soo-NEH-toy
Translations: foolish, senseless, without understanding, unintelligent, stupid
Notes: This word describes someone who lacks understanding, discernment, or intelligence. It implies a moral or spiritual deficiency in comprehending truth or acting wisely, rather than just a lack of intellectual capacity. It can be used to describe people who are foolish or act without proper consideration.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΦΡΩΝ, ΜΩΡΟΣ, ΑΝΟΗΤΟΣ
G4102
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PIS-tis
Translations: faith, belief, trust, a faith, a belief, a trust, faithfulness, conviction
Notes: This word refers to faith, belief, or trust, particularly in a religious or moral sense. It signifies a firm conviction or persuasion concerning the truth of something, often implying a corresponding reliance upon it. It can also refer to faithfulness or trustworthiness. It is commonly used in contexts of believing in God or Christ, or demonstrating loyalty and fidelity.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΕΠΟΙΘΗΣΙΣ, ΕΛΠΙΣ, ΑΛΗΘΕΙΑ
Etymology: From the verb πείθω (peithō), meaning 'to persuade, to trust'. It refers to the state of being persuaded or convinced, leading to trust or belief.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOYS
Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her
Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
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