Dialogue with Trypho the Jew Chapter 28, Interlinear version from Justin Martyr (Beta)

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G5172

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Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: TROO-fone

Translations: Tryphon

Notes: Tryphon is a masculine proper noun, referring to a specific individual. In the provided examples, it functions as the subject of sentences, indicating a person's name. It is used to identify a historical figure, specifically a general who later became a king in the Seleucid Empire.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Tryphon is of Greek origin, derived from the verb 'τρυφάω' (tryphaō), meaning 'to live luxuriously' or 'to live delicately'. It implies a person who is delicate, luxurious, or effeminate.

G4387

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: PRO-teh-ron

Translations: before, formerly, first, earlier, a former thing, a prior thing

Notes: This word functions primarily as an adverb meaning 'before' or 'formerly' in time, indicating something that happened earlier or previously. It can also be the neuter singular form of the comparative adjective 'πρότερος', meaning 'prior' or 'former', often used substantively to refer to 'the former thing' or 'that which was before'. It is used to contrast with something that comes later.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (often used adverbially)

Synonyms: ΠΡΙΝ, ΠΑΛΑΙ, ΕΜΠΡΟΣΘΕΝ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ is a comparative form derived from the preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of'.

G3778

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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that

Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.

G4261

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pro-BAL-lon-tos

Translations: putting forward, proposing, presenting, throwing forward, producing, bringing forth

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'proballo'. It describes the action of putting something forward, whether literally by throwing it, or figuratively by proposing an idea, presenting an argument, or producing something. It can be used to indicate the act of bringing forth fruit or offspring, or to present a challenge or a riddle.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΤΕΙΝΩ, ΠΡΟΦΕΡΩ, ΠΡΟΚΕΙΜΑΙ

G2186

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-pes-TEH-sah-men

Translations: we stood over, we stood by, we stood near, we set over, we appointed, we came upon, we attacked, we presented, we applied, we paid attention

Notes: This is the first person plural aorist active indicative form of the verb ἐφίστημι (ephistēmi). It means 'we stood over', 'we stood by', 'we stood near', 'we set over', 'we appointed', 'we came upon', 'we attacked', 'we presented', 'we applied', or 'we paid attention'. The specific meaning depends on the context and any accompanying prepositions or cases. It describes an action completed in the past by 'we' (the speaker and their group).

Inflection: First Person Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΠΡΟΣΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΕΠΙΤΙΘΗΜΙ

Etymology: The word ἐφίστημι (ephistēmi) is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἐπί (epí), meaning 'upon' or 'over', and the verb ἵστημι (hístēmi), meaning 'to stand' or 'to cause to stand'.

G0514

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: AX-ee-on

Translations: worthy, deserving, fitting, proper, a worthy thing, a fitting thing

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'worthy,' 'deserving,' or 'fitting.' It is used to describe something or someone that is of appropriate value, merit, or suitability for a particular purpose or situation. It can be used to say that something is 'worthy of' something else, often followed by a genitive case.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΕΥΛΟΓΟΣ, ΠΡΕΠΩΝ, ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΞΙΟΣ (axios) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *ag- meaning 'to drive, draw, move'. It is related to the idea of weighing or balancing, thus leading to the sense of 'having weight' or 'being worthy'.

G1063

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Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G5613

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G2036

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ay-PINE

Translations: to say, to speak, to tell

Notes: This word is an aorist infinitive verb meaning 'to say', 'to speak', or 'to tell'. It is used to express the action of speaking or communicating something, often in a general sense without specifying the subject or object of the action. It can be used in various constructions, such as after verbs of commanding or desiring, or to express purpose.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΕΙΝ, ΛΑΛΕΙΝ, ΦΑΝΑΙ

Etymology: ΕἸΠΕΙΝ is the aorist infinitive of the verb ΕἸΠΩ, which is a suppletive aorist form used with the present tense verbs ΛΕΓΩ and ΦΗΜΙ. Its origin traces back to Proto-Indo-European roots related to speaking or declaring.

G1990

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ep-is-TA-se-ohs

Translations: of attention, of application, of care, of diligence, of a sudden attack, of a sudden appearance

Notes: This word refers to the act of paying close attention, applying oneself diligently, or taking careful notice of something. It can also describe a sudden appearance or a sudden attack, depending on the context. It is used to denote a focused mental state or a sudden, impactful event.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΟΧΗ, ΕΠΙΜΕΛΕΙΑ, ΦΡΟΝΤΙΣ

Etymology: The word ἐπίστασις (epistasis) comes from the verb ἐφίστημι (ephistēmi), meaning 'to stand over, to set over, to pay attention to'. It is formed from the prefix ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'over', and the root στάσις (stasis), meaning 'a standing'.

G3754

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G1380

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-DOK-sen

Translations: it seemed good, it seemed best, it was decided, it pleased, it was thought, it was resolved

Notes: This word is the aorist active indicative, third person singular form of the verb 'δοκέω' (dokeō). It means 'it seemed good' or 'it was decided'. It is often used impersonally to express a decision or a consensus, indicating that something was deemed appropriate or pleasing to someone or a group. For example, 'it seemed good to them' or 'it was decided by the council'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΡΕΣΚΩ, ΚΡΙΝΩ, ΒΟΥΛΕΥΩ

G0846

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Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

G4392

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PRO-fah-sis

Translations: pretext, an excuse, a pretense, a cloak, an outward show

Notes: This word refers to a plausible but false reason or motive given to conceal the true intention. It can also mean an outward appearance or show that serves to hide something else. It is often used in contexts where someone is trying to justify an action or avoid blame by presenting a misleading reason.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΙΤΙΑ, ΠΡΟΚΑΛΥΜΜΑ, ΠΡΟΒΛΗΜΑ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek πρό (pro, “before”) + φάσις (phasis, “a showing, appearance”), from φαίνω (phainō, “to show, appear”). It literally means 'a showing forth' or 'a bringing forward'.

G3361

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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G1410

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: doo-NAH-meh-noys

Translations: being able, able, powerful, mighty, capable, having power

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'δύναμαι' (dynamai), meaning 'to be able' or 'to have power'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing someone or something as 'being able' or 'powerful'. It can also be used substantively, meaning 'those who are able' or 'the powerful ones'. It describes a state of capability or strength.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter, Present, Middle/Passive

Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΡΟΙ, ΚΡΑΤΟΥΝΤΕΣ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑΖΟΝΤΕΣ

G0611

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-po-kree-NAH-sthai

Translations: to answer, to reply, to respond

Notes: This word is the aorist middle infinitive form of the verb 'ἀποκρίνομαι' (apokrinomai), meaning 'to answer' or 'to reply'. It is used to express the action of giving a response or making a statement in return to a question or remark. As an infinitive, it often functions like a noun, indicating the act of answering.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle, Infinitive

Synonyms: ἈΝΤΙΛΕΓΩ, ἈΝΤΑΠΟΚΡΙΝΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ἀποκρίνομαι (apokrinomai) is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb κρίνω (krino), meaning 'to judge' or 'to separate'. The combination suggests 'to separate oneself from' or 'to distinguish oneself by a reply', hence 'to answer'.

G4314

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G2212

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Part of Speech: Participle, Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: zay-TOO-meh-non

Translations: sought, searched for, inquired about, desired, required, questioned, a thing sought, a question, a matter in question, a requirement, a desire

Notes: This word is the present passive participle, neuter singular, of the verb 'ζητέω' (zēteō), meaning 'to seek' or 'to search'. It describes something that is being sought, searched for, or inquired about. It can function as an adjective modifying a neuter noun (often implied), or as a substantive noun meaning 'that which is sought' or 'a question/matter under discussion'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative, Accusative or Vocative, Present, Passive, Participle

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΖΗΤΟΥΜΕΝΟΝ, ΑΝΑΖΗΤΟΥΜΕΝΟΝ

Etymology: The word ΖΗΤΕΩ (zēteō) comes from an older Greek root related to seeking or searching.

G1893

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Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: ep-AY-day

Translations: since, because, for, inasmuch as, seeing that

Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause that provides a reason or cause for the main clause. It can be translated as 'since,' 'because,' or 'for,' indicating a logical connection between events or statements. It is often found at the beginning of a sentence or clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΓΑΡ, ΕΠΕΙ

Etymology: This word is a compound of the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi, 'upon, on') and the conjunction ἘΠΕΙ (epei, 'when, since'), with the particle ΔΗ (de, 'indeed, now'). It emphasizes the causal relationship.

G5037

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle

Sounds like: TEH

Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.

G1125

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: grah-FOHN

Translations: writing, drawing, recording, one who writes, he who writes

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'to write' or 'to draw'. It describes an action that is currently happening or ongoing. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun (e.g., 'the writing man'), or substantivally, acting as a noun itself (e.g., 'the one who writes'). It can also imply the act of recording or registering something.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΣΥΓΓΡΑΦΩΝ, ΚΑΤΑΓΡΑΦΩΝ

G3658

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: oh-mee-LEE-ahs

Translations: of conversation, of association, of company, of discourse, a conversation, an association, a company, a discourse

Notes: This word refers to a conversation, association, or company. It can describe the act of conversing or the group of people one associates with. It is used to denote social interaction, discourse, or companionship.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΟΜΙΛΙΑ, ΔΙΑΛΟΓΟΣ, ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΑ

Etymology: From the Greek verb ὁμιλέω (homileō), meaning 'to be in company with', 'to associate with', or 'to converse with'.

G4160

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: poy-OO-my

Translations: I make, I do, I produce, I perform, I create, I cause, I appoint, I observe, I keep

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to make' or 'to do'. It is often used in a broad sense to describe the act of bringing something into existence, performing an action, or causing an effect. It can refer to physical creation, the performance of duties, or the establishment of something. In the middle voice, as in 'ποιούμαι', it often means 'I make for myself', 'I do for myself', or 'I cause to be done for myself', implying a personal interest or involvement in the action.

Inflection: Present, Middle Voice, Indicative, First Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ

G5240

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-per-TITH-es-theh

Translations: to place over, to put over, to postpone, to defer, to lay aside, to lay up, to lay down

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from 'ὑπέρ' (over, above) and 'τίθημι' (to place, to put). It means to place something over or above something else, or to put something off to a later time, to postpone or defer. It can also mean to lay aside or lay up for future use. In the middle voice, as here, it can mean to lay up for oneself, or to put off for oneself.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Imperative, Second Person Plural

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΒΑΛΛΩ, ΑΝΑΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΑΝΑΚΟΠΤΩ

G3366

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: MEE-deh

Translations: neither, nor, not even, and not

Notes: ΜΗΔΕ is a compound word formed from the negative particle μή (mē, 'not') and the conjunction δέ (de, 'but, and'). It is used to introduce a negative clause, often following another negative clause, conveying the sense of 'neither...nor' or 'not even'. It is primarily used with non-indicative moods, such as the imperative or subjunctive, to express prohibitions or negative conditions.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕ

Etymology: ΜΗΔΕ is a compound word derived from the negative particle μή (mē), meaning 'not', and the postpositive conjunction δέ (de), meaning 'but' or 'and'.

G1365

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dis-TAH-zeh-teh

Translations: you hesitate, you doubt, you waver

Notes: This word means to hesitate, doubt, or waver. It implies a state of uncertainty or indecision, often leading to a delay in action or belief. It is used to describe someone who is not firm in their resolve or conviction.

Inflection: 2nd Person, Plural, Present, Active, Indicative or Imperative

Synonyms: ΑΜΦΙΒΑΛΛΩ, ΑΠΟΡΕΩ

Etymology: From δίς (dis, "twice") and στάζω (stazō, "to drop, to stand"), literally meaning "to stand in two ways" or "to be of two minds," hence to waver or hesitate.

G0061

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-peh-rit-MEE-toh

Translations: (to) an uncircumcised one, (to) the uncircumcised

Notes: This word describes someone or something that is uncircumcised. It is a compound word formed from the negative prefix 'ἀ-' (a-) meaning 'not', and 'περιτμητός' (peritmetos) meaning 'circumcised'. In a broader sense, it can refer to those who are not part of the covenant people of God, often used to describe Gentiles or those considered spiritually uncircumcised. It is used to indicate the recipient of an action or the indirect object in a sentence.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ἈΚΡΟΒΥΣΤΙΑ

G3778

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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: OO-tos

Translations: this, that, he, she, it, these, those, this one, that one

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something or someone that is near, or has just been mentioned. It can function as a substantive (e.g., 'he', 'she', 'it', 'this one') or as an adjective modifying a noun (e.g., 'this man', 'these things'). It often refers to something immediately present or recently discussed in the discourse.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΔΕ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be an ancient demonstrative pronoun in Greek, possibly related to other Indo-European demonstratives.

G4035

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-ree-LEI-peh-tai

Translations: remains, is left over, is left behind, is remaining

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition περί (peri), meaning 'around' or 'about', and the verb λείπω (leipo), meaning 'to leave' or 'to lack'. In the middle or passive voice, it means 'to be left over', 'to remain', or 'to be left behind'. It describes something that continues to exist or is still present after others have gone or been removed. For example, 'what remains' or 'it is left'.

Inflection: 3rd Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΥΠΟΛΕΙΠΩ, ΛΕΙΠΩ

G4339

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pros-ay-LYOO-seh-ohs

Translations: of proselytism, of conversion

Notes: This word refers to the act of converting to a new religion or belief system, or the state of being a proselyte. It describes the process by which someone comes over to a new faith or group.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΣΤΡΟΦΗΣ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΣΗΛΥΣΙΣ (proselytism) is derived from the verb ΠΡΟΣΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ (proserchomai), meaning 'to come to' or 'to approach', combined with the suffix -σις indicating an action or process. It literally means 'a coming to'.

G1437

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Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: eh-AHN

Translations: if, when, whenever, although

Notes: ἘΑΝ is a conditional conjunction used to introduce a protasis (the 'if' clause) in a conditional sentence. It typically takes the subjunctive mood, indicating a condition that is possible, probable, or hypothetical. It can be translated as 'if', 'when', or 'whenever', depending on the nuance of the condition, and sometimes 'although' in concessive clauses.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΙ, ὍΤΑΝ

Etymology: ἘΑΝ is a contraction of the conditional particle εἰ (ei, 'if') and the modal particle ἄν (an), which adds a sense of contingency or possibility to the condition.

G5547

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Part of Speech: Proper Noun, Noun

Sounds like: khree-STOSS

Translations: Christ, Anointed One, Messiah, a Christ, an Anointed One

Notes: This word refers to the 'Anointed One' or 'Messiah'. In the New Testament, it is predominantly used as a title for Jesus, identifying him as the promised Messiah. It can also be used more generally to refer to anyone who has been anointed, such as a king or priest.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΕΣΣΙΑΣ

Etymology: From the Koine Greek verb χρίω (chriō), meaning 'to anoint'. The noun form refers to someone who has been anointed, typically for a special office or purpose.

G1438

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Part of Speech: Reflexive Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-ah-TOYS

Translations: (to) themselves, (for) themselves, themselves, (among) themselves

Notes: This is a reflexive pronoun, meaning 'himself, herself, itself, themselves'. It is used when the action of the verb is directed back to the subject of the sentence. For example, 'they gave to themselves' or 'they saw themselves'. It emphasizes that the subject is both the actor and the recipient of the action.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)

Etymology: From Ancient Greek, a compound of the reflexive pronoun 'ἑός' (heos, 'his own') and the intensive pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos, 'self').

G3503

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: neh-OH-mah-tah

Translations: new ground, fallow ground, fresh ground, new things, innovations

Notes: This word refers to ground that has been recently tilled or broken up for the first time, often called fallow ground or new ground. Metaphorically, it can refer to new beginnings or innovations. It is used in contexts where a fresh start or a change in approach is being emphasized, particularly in agricultural metaphors related to preparing the soil for planting.

Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΓΡΟΣ, ΓΗ, ΧΩΡΑ

G2992

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: lah-OH

Translations: people, a people, nation, a nation

Notes: This word refers to a people, a nation, or a multitude of individuals, often used in the context of a specific group or community, such as the people of Israel or the people of God. It can be used to describe a general populace or a distinct ethnic or national group.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΘΝΟΣ, ΟΧΛΟΣ

Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to λᾶς (lās, "stone"), referring to people as "stones" or "foundations." It is also suggested to be from Proto-Indo-European *leh₂w- ("people, army").

G2896

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: keh-KRAH-geh

Translations: has cried out, cried out, shouted, has shouted

Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'κράζω', meaning 'to cry out', 'to shout', or 'to proclaim loudly'. As a perfect tense form, it describes an action that was completed in the past but has ongoing results or significance in the present. It indicates a state of having cried out or shouted.

Inflection: Perfect Active Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΒΟΑΩ, ΚΕΚΡΑΓΕΝ, ΚΡΑΥΓΑΖΩ

Etymology: The word κράζω is of imitative origin, mimicking the sound of a cry or shout. It is related to similar words in other Indo-European languages that convey the idea of a loud noise or cry.

G1909

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: ep

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, by, before, among, concerning, with

Notes: This word is a preposition, often used as a prefix in compound words. It is a shortened form of the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), which loses its final vowel when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark. Its precise meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it often means 'on, upon, over' (of place) or 'at, during' (of time); with the dative, it can mean 'on, at, by' (of place), 'in addition to', or 'for, because of'; and with the accusative, it typically means 'to, toward, against' (of motion) or 'over, upon' (of extent).

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ὙΠΕΡ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ (epi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'on, at, near'.

G4061

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-ree-TEM-neh-teh

Translations: you circumcise, circumcise!

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to circumcise'. It is a compound word formed from 'περί' (peri), meaning 'around' or 'about', and 'τέμνω' (temnō), meaning 'to cut'. In this form, it is either a second person plural present active indicative, meaning 'you (plural) circumcise', or a second person plural present active imperative, meaning 'circumcise!' (as a command to a group). It refers to the act of cutting around something, specifically in the context of religious or cultural circumcision.

Inflection: Second Person, Plural, Present, Active, Indicative or Imperative

G2962

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KOO-ree-OH

Translations: to the Lord, for the Lord, to the master, for the master, to an owner, for an owner

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the noun ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, meaning 'Lord,' 'master,' or 'owner.' In the dative case, it typically indicates the indirect object of an action, the recipient, or the beneficiary. It is commonly used in religious contexts to refer to God or Jesus Christ, but can also refer to a human master or owner. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'to give thanks to the Lord' or 'to serve the master.'

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ

G4061

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-ree-TEM-neh-stheh

Translations: be circumcised, circumcise yourselves

Notes: This word means 'to circumcise' or 'to be circumcised'. It is often used in a religious or ceremonial context, referring to the act of circumcision as a sign of the covenant. The form 'ΠΕΡΙΤΕΜΝΕΣΘΕ' is a command, specifically an imperative, telling a group of people to be circumcised or to circumcise themselves.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Imperative, Second Person, Plural

Etymology: From Ancient Greek περί (peri, 'around') and τέμνω (temnō, 'to cut'). The combination literally means 'to cut around'.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G0007

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ak-roh-by-STEE-ah

Translations: uncircumcision, foreskin, a state of being uncircumcised

Notes: This word refers to the state of being uncircumcised, or more literally, the foreskin itself. It is often used in a religious or cultural context to distinguish between Jews (who were circumcised) and Gentiles (who were uncircumcised). It can also metaphorically refer to a state of spiritual unresponsiveness or impurity.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The word is a compound of two Greek words: ἄκρος (akros), meaning 'highest' or 'outermost,' and βύστη (bystē), meaning 'penis' or 'glans.' Thus, it literally refers to the 'outermost part of the glans,' or foreskin.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G2588

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kar-DEE-as

Translations: of heart, of a heart, of mind, of soul, of inner self, of conscience, of courage, of will

Notes: This word refers to the physical heart, but more commonly in Koine Greek, it signifies the center of one's being, including thoughts, emotions, will, and conscience. It is often used to denote the inner person, the seat of spiritual and moral life. For example, it can refer to the core of one's beliefs or the source of one's intentions.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΨΥΧΗ, ΝΟΥΣ, ΠΝΕΥΜΑ

G3767

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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OON

Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.

G1519

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G0407

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: an-AY-ro-ton

Translations: unplowed, unploughed, uncultivated, an unplowed field

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'unplowed' or 'uncultivated'. It is formed from the negative prefix 'ἀν-' (an-), meaning 'not' or 'un-', and 'ἀροτόν' (aroton), which means 'plowed' or 'arable'. It describes land or a field that has not been tilled or prepared for planting.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The word ἀνήροτος (anērotos) is derived from the negative prefix ἀν- (an-) and the adjective ἀροτός (arotos), meaning 'plowed' or 'arable'. The root ἀρόω (aroō) means 'to plow'.

G5561

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kho-REE-on

Translations: field, a field, piece of land, a piece of land, place, a place, region, a region, country, a country, village, a village

Notes: This word refers to a specific piece of land, a field, or a defined area. It can also denote a region, country, or even a village. It is often used to describe a plot of ground, especially one used for agriculture or as a dwelling place.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΓΡΟΣ, ΤΟΠΟΣ, ΚΩΜΗ

Etymology: ΧΩΡΙΟΝ is a diminutive of χῶρος (chōros), meaning 'place' or 'space'. Over time, it came to specifically denote a smaller, defined area, such as a field or a village.

G3606

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Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: O-THEN

Translations: from where, whence, wherefore, therefore, for which reason

Notes: This word is an adverb that can indicate either origin or consequence. It is used to ask or state 'from where' something comes or originates. It can also be used to mean 'therefore' or 'for which reason', indicating a logical conclusion or cause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟ, ΔΙΑ ΤΟΥΤΟ, ΟΠΟΥ

Etymology: From the demonstrative stem *ho- (meaning 'this' or 'that') combined with the suffix -θεν, which indicates origin or source. It is related to other adverbs of place and origin in Greek.

G2590

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kar-POS

Translations: fruit, a fruit, crop, produce, result, profit, deed

Notes: This word refers to the literal fruit of plants, trees, or the earth, such as a crop or produce. It can also be used metaphorically to describe the outcome or result of an action, effort, or life, often translated as 'fruit' in the sense of 'the fruit of one's labor' or 'the fruit of the Spirit'. It is a masculine noun.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΝΗΜΑ, ΕΚΒΑΣΙΣ, ΕΡΓΟΝ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΡΠΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a root meaning 'to pluck' or 'to gather'. It is an ancient Greek word that has been in use since classical times.

G3756

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΉ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.

G5547

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHRIS-ton

Translations: Christ, the Christ, Anointed One, the Anointed One

Notes: This word refers to the 'Anointed One' or 'Messiah'. In the New Testament, it is primarily used as a title for Jesus, signifying his role as the promised deliverer. It is often used with the definite article 'the' (the Christ) or as a proper name (Christ). As an accusative form, it would typically function as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΕΣΣΙΑΣ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ

G3501

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: NEH-ee-os

Translations: fallow, new, uncultivated, newly broken up

Notes: This word describes land that is newly broken up for cultivation, or land that is left uncultivated, often referred to as fallow ground. It implies something fresh, raw, or not yet fully utilized or developed. It can be used to describe fields or ground that are ready for planting but have not yet been sown.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΝΗΡΟΤΟΣ, ΑΓΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΝΕΙΟΣ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *newos, meaning 'new'. It is related to words signifying newness or freshness, particularly in the context of land that has recently been tilled or is in its original, uncultivated state.

G4095

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Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: pee-OHN

Translations: drinking, having drunk, a drinker, one who drinks

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'to drink'. It describes someone who is in the act of drinking or has drunk. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or adverbially, describing the manner of an action. For example, it could be used in a phrase like 'the drinking man' or 'he went, drinking'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The word ΠΙΝΩ (pinō) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *peh₃-, meaning 'to drink'.

G1722

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G2588

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kar-DEE-ais

Translations: (to) hearts, (in) hearts, (with) hearts

Notes: This word is the dative plural form of 'ΚΑΡΔΙΑ' (kardia), meaning 'heart'. In Koine Greek, 'heart' refers not only to the physical organ but also, more commonly, to the inner person, encompassing thoughts, emotions, will, and moral character. As a dative plural, it indicates the indirect object of an action, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'in', or 'with', depending on the context.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΨΥΧΑΙΣ, ΝΟΟΙΣ

G2064

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ER-khon-tai

Translations: they come, they are coming, they go, they are going

Notes: This word is a verb of motion, meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. It describes the action of moving from one place to another, often implying arrival or departure. It is used to indicate that a group of people or things are in the process of moving or arriving.

Inflection: Third person plural, Present, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΒΑΙΝΩ, ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to move' or 'to go'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages.

G2962

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Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: KOO-ree-oss

Translations: Lord, a Lord, master, a master, owner, an owner, sir

Notes: This word refers to a person who has authority, control, or ownership over something or someone. It is frequently used in the New Testament to refer to God or Jesus Christ, signifying their supreme authority and sovereignty. It can also be used in a more general sense for a human master or owner.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΑΥΘΕΝΤΗΣ

Etymology: The word ΚΥΡΙΟΣ derives from the Greek word κῦρος (kyros), meaning 'supreme power' or 'authority'. It signifies one who possesses power and authority, thus a lord or master.

G1980

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-ee-SKEP-soh-my

Translations: I will visit, I will look after, I will inspect, I will care for, I will provide for, I will seek out

Notes: This word is a future tense form of the verb 'episkeptomai'. It means to visit, to look after, or to inspect with the intention of providing care or oversight. It implies a purposeful and often benevolent action of seeking out and attending to someone or something. It can be used in contexts where one person visits another, or where a higher power looks after or intervenes on behalf of someone.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Future, Middle Voice, Indicative

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΣΚΟΠΕΩ, ΕΠΙΜΕΛΕΟΜΑΙ, ΕΠΙΒΛΕΠΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'over', and the verb ΣΚΕΠΤΟΜΑΙ (skeptomai), meaning 'to look at' or 'to examine'. Thus, it literally means 'to look upon' or 'to look over', implying careful observation and attention.

G1909

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to

Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G0061

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-peh-RIT-mee-tah

Translations: uncircumcised, uncircumcised (things), uncircumcised (people)

Notes: This word describes something or someone that has not undergone circumcision. It is often used literally to refer to Gentiles who were not part of the covenant people of Israel, but it can also be used metaphorically to describe those who are spiritually unresponsive or resistant to God's word, as if their hearts or ears are 'uncircumcised' and unable to receive it.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Etymology: The word is a compound of the negative prefix Ἀ- (a-), meaning 'un-' or 'not', and the adjective ΠΕΡΙΤΜΗΤΟΣ (peritmētos), meaning 'circumcised'. The latter comes from the verb ΠΕΡΙΤΕΜΝΩ (peritemnō), 'to cut around' or 'to circumcise'.

G3956

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PAS

Translations: all, every, whole, any, a whole

Notes: This word means 'all', 'every', or 'whole'. It is used to indicate totality or completeness. It can refer to every single item in a group, or the entirety of something. For example, 'all people' or 'the whole house'. It often takes on the meaning of 'every' when used with a singular noun, and 'all' when used with a plural noun. It can also mean 'any' in certain contexts.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words meaning 'all' or 'every' in various Indo-European languages.

G2474

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Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: Iss-rah-AYL

Translations: Israel

Notes: This word refers to Israel, which can denote the patriarch Jacob (who was renamed Israel), the nation descended from him, or the land occupied by that nation. It is used to refer to the people of God, the twelve tribes, or the northern kingdom of Israel as distinct from Judah. It is often used in contexts referring to the history, covenant, and identity of God's chosen people.

Inflection: Indeclinable

Etymology: The word is of Hebrew origin, meaning 'God strives' or 'he strives with God'. It was the new name given to Jacob after he wrestled with God (Genesis 32:28).

G0564

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-peh-rit-MEE-tos

Translations: uncircumcised, an uncircumcised

Notes: This word describes someone or something that has not undergone circumcision. In a literal sense, it refers to a male who has not been circumcised. Figuratively, especially in a religious context, it can refer to someone who is not part of the covenant people of God, or more broadly, someone who is spiritually unregenerate or resistant to God's will, often described as having 'uncircumcised hearts' or 'ears'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ἈΚΡΟΒΥΣΤΙΑ

Etymology: The word ἈΠΕΡΙΤΜΗΤΟΣ is a compound word formed from the negative prefix ἀ- (a-, 'un-') and the word περιτμητός (peritmētos, 'circumcised'), which comes from the verb περιτέμνω (peritemnō, 'to circumcise').

G4061

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: peh-ree-toh-MEN

Translations: circumcision, a circumcision

Notes: This word refers to the act of circumcision, a religious or cultural practice involving the removal of the foreskin. In Koine Greek, it often refers to the Jewish practice of circumcision, which was a sign of the covenant with God. It can be used in both a literal sense and a metaphorical sense, referring to a spiritual cleansing or transformation.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: From the Greek verb περιτέμνω (peritemnō), meaning 'to cut around'. It is a compound word formed from περί (peri), meaning 'around', and τέμνω (temnō), meaning 'to cut'.

G4592

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: say-MAY-on

Translations: sign, a sign, mark, a mark, miracle, a miracle, wonder, a wonder

Notes: This word refers to a sign, a mark, or an indication of something. It can also denote a miracle or a wonder, especially one that serves as a divine sign or attestation. It is used to point to something, to distinguish it, or to signify a future event. In a sentence, it might be used like 'the sign of the times' or 'he performed a great sign'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΤΕΡΑΣ, ΕΝΔΕΙΞΙΣ, ΣΥΜΒΟΛΟΝ

Etymology: This word comes from the Greek verb σημαίνω (sēmainō), meaning 'to show, signify, or indicate'. It is related to σῆμα (sēma), meaning 'a mark, sign, or token'.

G1325

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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: doh-THEY-san

Translations: given, having been given, that which was given, a given thing

Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle derived from the verb ΔΙΔΩΜΙ (didomi), meaning 'to give'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred and was received by the subject. In this form, it means 'having been given' or 'that which was given', indicating something that was the recipient of the action of giving.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Feminine, Accusative, Singular

Synonyms: ΔΕΔΟΜΕΝΗΝ, ΠΑΡΑΔΟΘΕΙΣΑΝ

Etymology: The word ΔΙΔΩΜΙ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to give'. It is a reduplicated present stem, a common feature in ancient Greek verbs.

G2316

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: THEH-os

Translations: God, a God, Lord

Notes: ΘΕΟΣ (theos) is a singular noun meaning 'God' or 'a god'. In Koine Greek, it is frequently used to refer to the singular, supreme God, often with the definite article. It can also refer to a generic deity or even a human figure considered divine. It functions as a subject or object in sentences, depending on its case.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΠΑΤΗΡ

Etymology: The word ΘΕΟΣ is believed to derive from a Proto-Indo-European root, though its precise origin is debated. It has cognates in various Indo-European languages.

G3761

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: oo-DEH

Translations: not even, neither, nor, and not

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the conjunction 'δέ' (but, and). It is used to emphasize a negation, meaning 'not even' or 'neither/nor'. It can connect clauses or phrases, indicating that something is also not true or not happening. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'He did not go, nor did he send anyone.'

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΜΗΔΕ, ΜΗ

Etymology: From the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the postpositive conjunction 'δέ' (but, and).

G5539

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: KHRAY-see-moss

Translations: useful, profitable, serviceable, a useful thing

Notes: This word describes something or someone that is useful, profitable, or serviceable. It indicates that something is beneficial or helpful for a particular purpose or person. It can be used to describe objects, actions, or individuals.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΩΦΕΛΙΜΟΣ, ΕΥΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΧΡΗΣΙΜΟΣ (chrēsimos) is derived from the verb χράομαι (chraomai), meaning 'to use, to employ'. Thus, it literally means 'that which is used' or 'fit for use'.

G0235

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Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: AL-lah

Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed

Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.

G4658

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Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: SKOO-thays

Translations: Scythian, a Scythian

Notes: This word refers to a Scythian, a member of a nomadic people who inhabited the vast Eurasian Steppe, particularly north of the Black Sea. In ancient Greek and Roman contexts, 'Scythian' often carried connotations of being uncivilized or barbaric, representing the extreme of non-Greek culture.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The word 'Scythian' is derived from the Greek Σκύθης (Skúthēs), which itself is thought to be an adaptation of the endonym used by the Scythians themselves.

G2228, G3588

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Definite Article, Numeral

Sounds like: AY

Translations: or, the, 8

Notes: This word can function as a conjunction meaning 'or', indicating an alternative or choice between two or more options. It can also be the feminine nominative singular form of the definite article 'the', used to specify a feminine noun that is the subject of a sentence. The '̓' (coronis) indicates that this form is an elision, meaning it's a shortened form of a word like ἤ (e.g., when followed by a vowel). Additionally, the '̓' could be a keraia, indicating the numeral 8.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as conjunction or numeral); Singular, Nominative, Feminine (as definite article)

Etymology: The conjunction ἤ (e.g., from which Ἠ is an elision) is of uncertain origin. The definite article ἡ (from which Ἠ is an elision) comes from Proto-Indo-European. The numeral meaning is derived from the Greek letter eta (Η), which was used to represent the number 8.

G5101

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Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective

Sounds like: TEES

Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing

Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.

Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.

G1161

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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G3588, G3778

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G5547

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: khri-STOO

Translations: of Christ, of the Anointed One, of the Messiah

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of 'ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ' (Christos), meaning 'Anointed One' or 'Messiah'. It refers to the one chosen and consecrated by God, particularly Jesus. As a genitive case, 'ΧΡΙΣΤΟΥ' indicates possession, origin, or relationship, often translated as 'of Christ' or 'belonging to Christ'. It can be used to describe something that pertains to Christ or is from Christ.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΕΣΣΙΑΣ, ΕΚΛΕΚΤΟΣ

G1342

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: dee-KAH-yah

Translations: just, righteous, right, fair, a just thing, a righteous thing

Notes: This word describes something or someone as being just, righteous, or in accordance with what is right. It can refer to actions, judgments, or individuals. It is often used to describe God's character or His judgments, indicating their inherent fairness and righteousness. It can also describe people who live in a way that is pleasing to God.

Inflection: Feminine, Singular, Nominative; or Feminine, Plural, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative

Synonyms: ΕΥΘΥΣ, ΟΡΘΟΣ, ΑΓΑΘΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣ (dikaios) comes from δίκη (dikē), meaning 'justice' or 'right'. It refers to that which is in accordance with justice or right.

G4061

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-ree-TET-mee-tai

Translations: has been circumcised, is circumcised

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to circumcise'. The form 'περιτέτμηται' indicates a completed action in the past (perfect tense) that has ongoing results in the present. It is in the passive voice, meaning the subject is the one being circumcised. It is used to describe someone or something that has undergone the act of circumcision.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Etymology: From Ancient Greek περί (peri, “around”) and τέμνω (temnō, “to cut”). It literally means 'to cut around'.

G5624

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: oh-FEH-lee-mon

Translations: profitable, useful, advantageous, a profitable thing, a useful thing, an advantageous thing

Notes: This word describes something that is beneficial, advantageous, or profitable. It is used to indicate that something is helpful or serves a good purpose. For example, it might be used to describe advice that is beneficial or an action that yields a positive outcome.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative

Synonyms: ΧΡΗΣΙΜΟΣ, ΣΥΜΦΕΡΩΝ

Etymology: The word ὠφέλιμος (ōphelímos) comes from the verb ὠφελέω (ōpheléō), meaning 'to help, benefit, assist'. It is related to ὄφελος (óphelos), meaning 'advantage, profit'.

G5384

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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: FEE-loss

Translations: dear, beloved, friendly, a friend, a lover

Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'dear,' 'beloved,' or 'friendly,' or as a noun meaning 'friend' or 'lover.' As an adjective, it describes someone or something that is cherished or held in affection. As a noun, it refers to a person with whom one has a bond of mutual affection. It is often used to describe close relationships.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΤΑΙΡΟΣ, ΣΥΝΕΡΓΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'philos' comes from an ancient root meaning 'to love' or 'to be fond of.' It is related to other words in Greek that express affection and friendship.

G3753

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: oh-POH-teh

Translations: whenever, when, as often as

Notes: This word functions as an adverb or conjunction, indicating a temporal relationship. It means 'whenever' or 'as often as' and is used to introduce a clause that describes an action or event that occurs at any time or repeatedly. It emphasizes the indefinite or repeated nature of the action.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΤΕ, ΗΝΙΚΑ

Etymology: From the Greek adverb ΟΠΩΣ (hopos, 'how, in what way') and the particle ΤΕ (te, 'and, also'). It originally conveyed the sense of 'in whatever way' or 'at whatever time'.

G1223

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: dee-AH

Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G4396

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pro-fay-TON

Translations: of prophets

Notes: This word refers to those who speak for God or interpret His will, often foretelling future events. It is a compound word, combining 'pro' (before, forth) and 'phemi' (to speak). It is used to describe individuals who deliver divine messages or act as spokespersons for God.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΑΝΤΙΣ, ΘΕΟΛΟΓΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'ΠΡΟΦΗΤΗΣ' (prophetes) comes from the Greek prefix 'πρό' (pro), meaning 'before' or 'forth', and the verb 'φημί' (phēmi), meaning 'to speak'. Thus, it literally means 'one who speaks forth' or 'one who speaks before' (either in time or on behalf of someone).

G2307

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: the-LEE-mah

Translations: will, desire, purpose, a will, a desire, a purpose

Notes: This word refers to a will, desire, or purpose, often implying a deliberate intention or choice. It can be used to describe the will of God, the will of a person, or a general intention. It is frequently used in contexts relating to divine purpose or human obedience to that purpose.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΗ, ΕΠΙΘΥΜΙΑ

Etymology: From the verb θέλω (thelō), meaning 'to will, wish, desire'. It denotes the result or object of willing.

G4327

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-DEH-kho-mai

Translations: to wait for, to expect, to receive, to welcome, to accept

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from 'πρός' (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and 'δέχομαι' (dechomai), meaning 'to receive' or 'to take'. It generally means to wait for something or someone with an attitude of expectation, or to receive someone or something with acceptance or welcome. It can be used in contexts of looking forward to future events, or of accepting people or teachings.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Indicative, First Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΠΕΚΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΣΜΕΝΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek πρός (pros, 'to, towards') and δέχομαι (dechomai, 'to receive, to take').

G0395

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-nah-toh-LEES

Translations: of rising, of dawn, of the east, of the sunrise

Notes: This word refers to the act of rising, especially of the sun or stars, and by extension, the direction from which the sun rises, which is the east. It can also refer to the dawn or the place where the sun appears. It is used in contexts describing the beginning of something or a geographical direction.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ἈΝΑΤΟΛΑΙ, ἈΝΑΤΟΛΗ

Etymology: From the verb ἀνατέλλω (anatellō), meaning 'to rise up' or 'to cause to rise'. It is formed from ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up', and τέλλω (tellō), meaning 'to accomplish' or 'to rise'.

G2193

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: EH-ohs

Translations: until, while, as long as, up to, even to, as far as

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a point in time or extent in space. It is commonly translated as 'until' or 'as long as' when referring to time, and 'up to' or 'as far as' when referring to space. It can also mean 'while' or 'during the time that', often introducing a temporal clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΕΧΡΙ, ΑΧΡΙ, ΠΡΙΝ

Etymology: From a prolonged form of a primary particle. It is an ancient Greek word with a long history of use in temporal and spatial contexts.

G3686

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: O-no-MA

Translations: name, a name, reputation, character, authority

Notes: This word refers to a name, whether of a person, place, or thing. It can also signify one's reputation, character, or even authority, as a name often represents the person or entity itself. It is commonly used in phrases like 'in the name of' to denote authority or representation.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Genitive; Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΛΕΟΣ, ΦΗΜΗ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥. It is cognate with Latin nōmen and English name.

G1392

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: deh-dox-AS-tai

Translations: has been glorified, let it be glorified, it has been honored, let it be honored

Notes: This word is the perfect passive form of the verb 'δοξάζω' (doxazō), meaning 'to glorify' or 'to honor'. The perfect tense indicates an action that was completed in the past but has continuing results in the present. As a passive verb, it means the subject is receiving the action. It can function as an indicative (a statement of fact) or an imperative (a command or exhortation).

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Indicative or Imperative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΝΔΟΞΑΖΩ, ΤΙΜΑΩ, ΥΨΟΩ

Etymology: From ΔΟΞΑ (doxa), meaning 'glory' or 'opinion'. The verb 'δοξάζω' (doxazō) means 'to hold an opinion', 'to praise', or 'to glorify'.

G1484

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ETH-neh-see

Translations: to nations, for nations, among nations, nations, to Gentiles, for Gentiles, among Gentiles, Gentiles

Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the noun 'ἔθνος' (ethnos), meaning 'nation' or 'Gentile'. In the dative case, it indicates the indirect object, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', or 'among', showing the recipient or the sphere of action. It can refer to a group of people, a nation, or, especially in a biblical context, non-Jewish people (Gentiles).

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Neuter

Synonyms: ΛΑΟΙ, ΓΕΝΗ

G2378

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: thoo-SEE-ah

Translations: sacrifice, an offering, a sacrifice, an offering

Notes: This word refers to a sacrifice or an offering, typically something presented to a deity as an act of worship, atonement, or thanksgiving. It often involved the killing of an animal or the presentation of other valuable items. It is used in contexts describing religious rituals and offerings made to God or gods.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΦΟΡΑ, ΔΩΡΟΝ

Etymology: From θύω (thýō, "to sacrifice"). It refers to the act or result of sacrificing.

G2513

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ka-tha-RAH

Translations: clean, pure, clear, innocent, holy

Notes: This word describes something that is clean, pure, or free from defilement, whether physical, moral, or ritual. It can refer to a person who is innocent or blameless, or an object that is ceremonially pure. It is often used to describe a state of being unmixed or uncorrupted. In the provided examples, it describes a person as innocent of sin and a turban as clean or pure.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΓΝΟΣ, ΑΜΙΑΝΤΟΣ, ΑΜΟΛΥΝΤΟΣ

G5091

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: tee-MAH-tai

Translations: is honored, is valued, is esteemed, is paid, is punished, is rebuked

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to honor,' 'to value,' or 'to esteem.' In the passive voice, it means 'to be honored' or 'to be valued.' When used with a prefix like 'ἐπι-' (epi-), as in 'ἐπιτιμάω', it can mean 'to rebuke' or 'to punish,' indicating a judgment or imposition of a penalty. The specific meaning depends on the context.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle or Passive, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΣΕΒΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΔΟΞΑΖΩ, ΕΠΑΙΝΕΩ

G0846

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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: it, itself, the same

Notes: This word is a versatile pronoun and adjective. As a pronoun, it typically means 'he,' 'she,' 'it,' or 'they,' depending on its gender and number. When used as an adjective, it can mean 'the same' or serve as an intensive pronoun, emphasizing the noun it modifies, such as 'himself,' 'herself,' 'itself,' or 'themselves.' Its meaning is highly dependent on its grammatical case, number, and gender within a sentence.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: This word is believed to derive from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'that, that one.' It developed into the Greek pronoun and adjective 'autos,' retaining its core sense of identity or self.

G1398

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-DOO-lev-seh

Translations: he served, he was a slave, he worked, he was in bondage

Notes: This is a verb in the past tense, meaning 'he served' or 'he was a slave'. It describes the action of being in servitude or performing service, often implying a state of subjection or labor. It can be used to describe serving a master, a deity, or even being enslaved to a concept like sin.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΥΠΗΡΕΤΕΩ, ΛΑΤΡΕΥΩ

Etymology: From ΔΟΥΛΟΣ (DOULOS), meaning 'slave' or 'bondservant'. The verb means 'to be a slave' or 'to serve as a slave'.

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Dialogue with Trypho the Jew, Chapter 28

Interlinear version from Justin Martyr (Beta)

28:1

28:2

28:3

28:4

28:5

28:6

This interlinear database is in beta