Home / Interlinears (Beta) / Justin Martyr / Dialogue with Trypho the Jew / Chapter 122Dialogue with Trypho the Jew, Chapter 122
Interlinear version from Justin Martyr (Beta)
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TOW-tah
Translations: these, these things
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'these' or 'these things'. It refers to something previously mentioned or understood from the context, pointing it out specifically. As a pronoun, it stands in place of a noun, while as an adjective, it modifies a noun.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
G5210
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: yoo-MACE
Translations: you
Notes: This word is a second-person plural pronoun, meaning 'you' (referring to multiple people). It is used when the 'you' is the subject of the sentence, performing the action of the verb.
Inflection: Nominative, Plural, Second Person
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the Latin 'vos' and English 'you'.
G3303
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: MEN
Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however
Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.
G1519
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EES
Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward
Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: the
Notes: This word is the masculine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a particular masculine noun that is the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'he saw the man' or 'towards the God'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed to function as a marker of definiteness in Greek.
G1094
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: geh-RON
Translations: old man, an old man, elder, an elder
Notes: This word appears to be a misspelling or a variant of 'ΓΕΡΩΝ' (geron), which means 'old man' or 'elder'. In the provided context, it is likely referring to a group of people, possibly 'the elders' or 'the old men'. It is used to describe an older person, often with a connotation of wisdom or authority.
Inflection: Masculine, Accusative, Singular
Synonyms: ΠΡΕΣΒΥΤΗΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *ǵerh₂- (to grow old).
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOOS
Translations: the, them, those
Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).
G4339
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pros-AY-ly-toos
Translations: proselytes, a proselyte
Notes: This word refers to a proselyte, which is a person who has converted from one religion or belief to another, especially from a Gentile background to Judaism. In the context of the Bible, it often denotes a Gentile who has converted to Judaism and adopted its practices and beliefs. It is used to describe individuals who have come to join a new community or faith.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΘΝΙΚΟΣ, ΞΕΝΟΣ
G2046
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ee-RAYS-thai
Translations: to have been said, to have been spoken, to have been told
Notes: This word is the perfect passive infinitive form of the verb 'to say' or 'to speak'. It indicates an action that was completed in the past and whose result continues into the present, but the subject of the action is passive, meaning something was said or spoken about them. It is often used in constructions where something is reported to have been said.
Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΛΕΛΑΛΗΣΘΑΙ, ΕΙΠΕΙΝ
G3543
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: noh-MEE-zeh-teh
Translations: to think, to suppose, to believe, to consider, to practice, to observe, to customarily do
Notes: This word means to think, suppose, or believe something to be true. It can also mean to consider or to be accustomed to doing something, implying a customary practice or observance. It is used to express an opinion, a belief, or a habitual action.
Inflection: 2nd Person Plural, Present Active Indicative or Imperative
Synonyms: ΟἸΟΜΑΙ, ἩΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΔΟΚΕΩ
Etymology: From νόμος (nomos), meaning 'custom, law', indicating something done according to custom or law.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TOH
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the
Notes: ΤΩ is the dative singular form of the definite article 'the'. It indicates the indirect object of a verb or the means/instrument by which an action is performed. It can also be used to indicate location or association, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', 'by', 'with', or 'in'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
G5607
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ON-tee
Translations: to being, to one who is, to one being, being
Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the present active participle of the verb 'to be'. It describes someone or something that is in a state of being or existence, often translated as 'being' or 'to one who is'. It functions to provide additional information about a noun or pronoun, indicating a concurrent state or action.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Dative, Singular, Masculine or Neuter
G1161
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: DEH
Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however
Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.
G2249
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: HAY-mas
Translations: us
Notes: This word is the first-person plural pronoun 'we' in the accusative case. It is used to indicate the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions, meaning 'us'. For example, 'He saw us' or 'They spoke to us'.
Inflection: First-person, Plural, Accusative
G2046
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ee-RAY-tai
Translations: it has been said, it is said, it was said
Notes: This word is the third person singular, perfect passive indicative form of the verb 'erō' (to say, to speak). It indicates an action that was completed in the past and whose results continue into the present. It is commonly translated as 'it has been said' or 'it is said', often referring to something previously stated or written.
Inflection: Third Person Singular, Perfect, Passive, Indicative
Synonyms: ΛΕΛΕΚΤΑΙ, ΕΙΠΕΝ
Etymology: The verb 'erō' (to say, to speak) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to put in order, to arrange, to speak'. It is related to other Greek words concerning speech and order.
G1223
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: dee-AH
Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.
G2424
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ee-ay-SOO
Translations: of Jesus, to Jesus, of Joshua, to Joshua
Notes: This is a proper name, referring to either Jesus Christ or Joshua, the successor of Moses. It is used to identify a specific individual.
Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Genitive or Dative
G5461
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Part of Speech: Verb, Adjective
Sounds like: peh-foh-TIS-meh-noos
Translations: enlightened, illuminated, having been enlightened, having been illuminated
Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been enlightened' or 'having been illuminated'. It describes someone or something that has received light, understanding, or spiritual insight. It functions adjectivally, modifying a noun, and indicates a completed action with a continuing result. For example, it can refer to people whose minds or hearts have been opened to truth.
Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Accusative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΦΩΣ, ΦΑΙΝΩ, ΛΑΜΠΩ
G2228, G3588
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Definite Article, Numeral
Sounds like: AY
Translations: or, the, 8
Notes: This word can function as a conjunction meaning 'or', indicating an alternative or choice between two or more options. It can also be the feminine nominative singular form of the definite article 'the', used to specify a feminine noun that is the subject of a sentence. The '̓' (coronis) indicates that this form is an elision, meaning it's a shortened form of a word like ἤ (e.g., when followed by a vowel). Additionally, the '̓' could be a keraia, indicating the numeral 8.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as conjunction or numeral); Singular, Nominative, Feminine (as definite article)
Etymology: The conjunction ἤ (e.g., from which Ἠ is an elision) is of uncertain origin. The definite article ἡ (from which Ἠ is an elision) comes from Proto-Indo-European. The numeral meaning is derived from the Greek letter eta (Η), which was used to represent the number 8.
G1063
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: gar
Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.
G0302
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: AHN
Translations: if, ever, might, would, should
Notes: This word is a particle used to express contingency, possibility, or potentiality. It does not have a direct English equivalent but modifies the meaning of the verb it accompanies, often indicating that an action is dependent on a condition or is hypothetical. It is frequently used with the subjunctive or optative moods to form conditional clauses or express indefinite temporal or relative clauses.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The origin of this particle is uncertain, but it is believed to be an ancient particle in Greek, possibly related to the concept of 'on' or 'up' in some contexts, though its primary function became conditional.
G2532, G1565
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: kah-KAY-noys
Translations: and to those, and for those, and those
Notes: This is a compound word formed by the conjunction 'καί' (and, also, even) and the demonstrative pronoun/adjective 'ἐκεῖνος' (that, those). It means 'and to those' or 'and for those', indicating a dative relationship. It can also simply mean 'and those' when used as a demonstrative adjective modifying an implied noun in the dative case. The apostrophe indicates an elision of the 'ι' from 'καί' before the initial vowel of 'ἐκεῖνος'.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ ΤΟΥΤΟΙΣ, ΚΑΙ ΑΥΤΟΙΣ
G3140
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-mar-TOO-rei
Translations: he was testifying, she was testifying, it was testifying, he testified, she testified, it testified
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to bear witness' or 'to testify'. It describes the act of providing evidence or making a statement based on personal knowledge or observation. In the provided form, it indicates an ongoing or repeated action in the past, or a completed action in the past, depending on context.
Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΜΑΡΤΥΡΩ, ΜΑΡΤΥΡΕΟΜΑΙ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter
Sounds like: OH
Translations: the, who, which, O
Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)
Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.
G5547
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun, Noun
Sounds like: khree-STOSS
Translations: Christ, Anointed One, Messiah, a Christ, an Anointed One
Notes: This word refers to the 'Anointed One' or 'Messiah'. In the New Testament, it is predominantly used as a title for Jesus, identifying him as the promised Messiah. It can also be used more generally to refer to anyone who has been anointed, such as a king or priest.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΜΕΣΣΙΑΣ
Etymology: From the Koine Greek verb χρίω (chriō), meaning 'to anoint'. The noun form refers to someone who has been anointed, typically for a special office or purpose.
G3568
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: NOON
Translations: now, at present, at this time
Notes: ΝΥΝ is an adverb meaning 'now' or 'at present'. It refers to the current moment in time. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a conclusion in a discourse, indicating a shift to the present situation or a logical consequence.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΡΤΙ, ΗΔΗ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now'. It is cognate with Latin nunc and English 'now'.
G1362
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: dee-PLOH-teh-ron
Translations: more double, more twofold, rather double, rather twofold
Notes: This word is a comparative adjective, meaning 'more double' or 'more twofold'. It indicates a greater degree of being double or having two parts. It can be used to describe something that is twice as much, or twice as bad, or twice as good, depending on the context. For example, it might describe a punishment that is twice as severe, or a reward that is twice as great.
Inflection: Comparative, Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From the Greek word ΔΙΠΛΟΥΣ (diplous), meaning 'double' or 'twofold'. It is formed by adding the comparative suffix -τερος (-teros) to the root.
G5207
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ee-OY
Translations: sons, children
Notes: This word refers to male offspring, or more broadly, to descendants or followers. It is the plural form of 'son' and is commonly used to denote a group of male individuals related by birth or by a shared characteristic, such as 'sons of Israel' or 'sons of God'. It can also be used metaphorically.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΤΕΚΝΑ
G1067
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: geh-EN-nees
Translations: of Gehenna, of hell
Notes: This word refers to Gehenna, which was originally the Valley of Hinnom, a valley outside Jerusalem where child sacrifices were once offered. In the New Testament, it became a metaphorical term for a place of divine judgment and eternal punishment, often translated as 'hell'. It is used to describe the ultimate destiny of the wicked.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
G5613
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition
Sounds like: OHS
Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that
Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: ow-TOS
Translations: he, she, it, they, him, her, it, them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, same, very
Notes: ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is a versatile word in Koine Greek. As a third-person pronoun, it translates to 'he, she, it' or 'they' in the nominative case, and 'him, her, it' or 'them' in other cases. When used intensively, often in the nominative or immediately following the noun, it means 'himself, herself, itself, themselves' or 'even, very'. When used as an adjective with the definite article (e.g., 'ὁ αὐτὸς'), it means 'the same'. Its meaning depends on its grammatical function and position in the sentence.
Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΣ, ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a pronominal stem *au- or *aw-.
G2036
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EYE-peh
Translations: said, spoke, told
Notes: This word is an aorist active indicative form of the verb 'εἶπον' (eîpon), which serves as the aorist of 'λέγω' (legō). It means 'he/she/it said' or 'he/she/it spoke'. It is used to report a completed action of speaking in the past.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΛΑΛΕΩ
G1096
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: GHEE-nes-theh
Translations: be, become, come to pass, happen, arise, be made, be done
Notes: This verb means 'to be,' 'to become,' 'to come into existence,' or 'to happen.' It is often used to describe a change of state or a process, rather than a static condition. It can also mean 'to be made' or 'to be done' when used in the passive voice. In the imperative mood, as in 'ΓΙΝΕΣΘΕ', it functions as a command or exhortation, telling someone to 'be' or 'become' something.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Imperative, 2nd Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OO
Translations: not, no
Notes: ΟΥ̓ is a negative particle used to express a factual negation. It typically negates verbs in the indicative mood, stating that something is not true or does not happen. It can also negate other parts of speech. When combined with ΜΉ (ou mē), it forms a very strong negation, meaning "by no means" or "never."
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ, ΟΥ̓Κ, ΟΥ̓ΧΊ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a fundamental negative particle in Greek.
G4314
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PROSS
Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to
Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).
Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.
G1565
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-KAY-noos
Translations: those, them, those ones
Notes: This word is a demonstrative adjective or pronoun meaning 'that' or 'those'. It is used to point out something or someone at a distance, or to refer to something previously mentioned. As an adjective, it modifies a noun (e.g., 'those men'). As a pronoun, it stands in place of a noun (e.g., 'he saw those').
Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΥΤΟΣ, ΟΔΕ
G3767
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: OON
Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed
Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.
G3761
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction
Sounds like: oo-DEH
Translations: not even, neither, nor, and not
Notes: This is a compound word formed from the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the conjunction 'δέ' (but, and). It is used to emphasize a negation, meaning 'not even' or 'neither/nor'. It can connect clauses or phrases, indicating that something is also not true or not happening. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'He did not go, nor did he send anyone.'
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΜΗΔΕ, ΜΗ
Etymology: From the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the postpositive conjunction 'δέ' (but, and).
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G4396
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pro-fay-TON
Translations: of prophets
Notes: This word refers to those who speak for God or interpret His will, often foretelling future events. It is a compound word, combining 'pro' (before, forth) and 'phemi' (to speak). It is used to describe individuals who deliver divine messages or act as spokespersons for God.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΜΑΝΤΙΣ, ΘΕΟΛΟΓΟΣ
Etymology: The word 'ΠΡΟΦΗΤΗΣ' (prophetes) comes from the Greek prefix 'πρό' (pro), meaning 'before' or 'forth', and the verb 'φημί' (phēmi), meaning 'to speak'. Thus, it literally means 'one who speaks forth' or 'one who speaks before' (either in time or on behalf of someone).
G2036
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ee-RAY-may-nah
Translations: things said, what has been said, the aforementioned things, the things spoken, the words
Notes: This word is the perfect passive participle of the verb 'ΕΡΩ' (ero), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. In its neuter plural form, it refers to 'things that have been said' or 'what has been spoken'. It functions substantively, meaning it acts like a noun, referring to a collection of previously mentioned statements or declarations. It can be used to refer back to earlier points in a text or conversation.
Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΛΟΓΟΙ, ΡΗΜΑΤΑ
Etymology: The verb 'ΕΡΩ' (ero) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to speak' or 'to say'. It is an alternative or poetic form of 'ΛΕΓΩ' (lego), which also means 'to say'.
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: leh-LEK-tai
Translations: it has been said, it has been spoken, it has been told
Notes: This word is the third person singular perfect passive indicative form of the verb 'λέγω' (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It indicates an action that was completed in the past and has ongoing results in the present. It is often used impersonally, meaning 'it has been said' or 'it has been spoken', referring to something that has already been stated or established.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Perfect, Passive, Indicative
Synonyms: ΕΙΡΗΤΑΙ, ΛΕΛΑΛΗΤΑΙ
Etymology: The verb 'λέγω' (legō) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to collect, gather, pick out', which evolved in Greek to mean 'to speak' or 'to say', perhaps from the idea of 'picking out words'.
G0235
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: AL-lah
Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed
Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.
G4012
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PEH-ree
Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.
Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself
Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.
G5607
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Part of Speech: Participle, Verb
Sounds like: OHN
Translations: being, who is, which is, he who is, they who are
Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'to be'. It describes a state of being or existence, often functioning like an adjective or a noun. It can be translated as 'being' or 'who is/are' depending on the context, referring to someone or something that is in a particular state or performing an action of being.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative
G3056
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: LOH-goss
Translations: word, a word, reason, a reason, account, an account, speech, a speech, message, a message, report, a report, thing, a thing, matter, a matter, saying, a saying, discourse, a discourse
Notes: The word 'logos' is a fundamental term in Koine Greek with a wide range of meanings. It can refer to a spoken or written word, a statement, a message, or a command. Beyond simple communication, it also encompasses concepts like reason, logic, an account, a narrative, or even a divine utterance or principle. Its specific meaning often depends on the context in which it is used.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΡΗΜΑ, ΕΠΟΣ
Etymology: From the verb λέγω (legō), meaning 'to say, speak'. It refers to something said or thought, and its meaning evolved to encompass both speech and the underlying reason or thought.
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: LEH-ghei
Translations: says, speaks, he says, he speaks, she says, she speaks, it says, it speaks
Notes: This is a common Koine Greek verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is frequently used to introduce direct quotes or to state what someone (or something) is declaring. It is often translated as 'he says' or 'the Lord says' in biblical contexts.
Inflection: Third person singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΦΗΜΙ
G0071
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: AX-oh
Translations: I will lead, I will bring, I will carry, I will go
Notes: This word is the future tense, first person singular form of the verb 'ἄγω' (agō), meaning 'to lead,' 'to bring,' or 'to carry.' It indicates an action that the speaker will perform in the future, such as 'I will lead' or 'I will bring.' It can also mean 'I will go' in certain contexts, implying movement towards a destination.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Future, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΦΕΡΩ, ΑΓΩΓΕΥΩ, ΟΔΗΓΕΩ
G1722
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: en
Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).
Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.
G3598
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: oh-DOH
Translations: to a way, to a road, to a journey, to a path, to a course, to a manner, to a way of life, to a custom, to a means, to a method, to a direction, to a journey, to a travel, to a passage, to a street, to a highway, to a route, to a track, to a trail
Notes: This word refers to a way, road, or path, and can also metaphorically mean a journey, course of action, or manner of life. It is used to indicate movement along a physical route or to describe a particular custom or method. In this dative form, it often indicates the recipient or direction of an action, or the means by which something is done.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΤΡΙΒΟΣ, ΚΕΛΕΥΘΟΣ, ΠΟΡΕΙΑ
G5185
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: TY-floos
Translations: blind, the blind
Notes: This word describes someone who is unable to see. It is used to refer to a person or people who are physically blind. In some contexts, it can also be used metaphorically to describe someone who is spiritually or intellectually blind, lacking understanding or insight.
Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΟΡΑΤΟΣ, ΑΝΟΜΜΑΤΟΣ
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ANE
Translations: was, he was, she was, it was, I was
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'to be'. It is used to describe a state of being or existence in the past, often indicating a continuous or repeated action or condition. For example, it can mean 'he was' or 'it was'.
Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, 1st or 3rd person singular
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OOK
Translations: not, no
Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.
G1097
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eg-NOH-san
Translations: they knew, they understood, they recognized, they learned, they perceived
Notes: This word is the third person plural, aorist active indicative form of the verb 'to know' or 'to come to know'. It describes a past action where a group of people gained knowledge, understanding, or recognition. It signifies a completed act of knowing or perceiving.
Inflection: Third Person Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ἘΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΓΝΩΡΙΖΩ
G5147
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: TREE-boos
Translations: paths, ways, roads
Notes: ΤΡΙΒΟΥΣ is the plural form of the noun ΤΡΙΒΟΣ, meaning a path, way, or road. It refers to a beaten track or a well-trodden route. It can be used literally for physical paths or figuratively for a course of life or conduct.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΔΟΣ, ΠΟΡΕΙΑ, ΑΤΡΑΠΟΣ
G3775
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: OOS
Translations: ear, an ear
Notes: This word refers to the anatomical organ of hearing, the ear. It is used in various contexts to denote the physical ear, but also metaphorically for the act of hearing or understanding, as in 'to lend an ear' or 'to have ears to hear'. It is a singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΩΤΙΟΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ows- (ear).
G1492
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ee-DAY-san
Translations: they knew, they had known
Notes: This word is the third person plural aorist active indicative form of the verb 'oida', meaning 'to know' or 'to perceive'. It describes an action of knowing that occurred in the past, often with an emphasis on the completion of the action. It can be used in sentences like 'They knew the truth' or 'They had known the way'.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ
Etymology: The word ΟΙΔΑ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *weid-, meaning 'to see' or 'to know'. It is related to English words like 'wit' and 'wisdom'.
G3961
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pah-TAY-soo-see
Translations: they will tread, they will trample, they will walk, they will step
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to tread' or 'to trample'. It is used to describe the action of stepping on something or someone, often with force or contempt. It can also simply mean 'to walk' or 'to step'. In the provided examples, it appears in contexts of treading down streets or vineyards, indicating a forceful or destructive action.
Inflection: Future, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΠΑΤΕΩ, ΚΑΤΑΠΑΤΕΩ
G2532, G1473
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Pronoun
Sounds like: kah-GOH
Translations: and I, but I, I also, I too
Notes: This word is a crasis (a contraction of two words into one) of the conjunction "καὶ" (kai, meaning "and" or "but") and the first-person singular pronoun "ἐγώ" (egō, meaning "I"). It therefore means "and I" or "but I," often emphasizing the "I" or indicating that the speaker is also included in an action or statement. It functions as a subject pronoun.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Nominative
G3144
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: MAR-toos
Translations: witness, a witness, martyr, a martyr
Notes: This word refers to a witness, someone who gives testimony or evidence, often in a legal or judicial context. In later Christian usage, it also came to mean a 'martyr,' someone who bears witness to their faith by suffering death. It can be used to describe a person who has seen or heard something and can provide an account of it, or someone who attests to the truth of something.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΟΝ, ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑ
Etymology: The word ΜΑΡΤΥΣ comes from an ancient root meaning 'to remember' or 'to be mindful of,' which evolved to mean 'to bear witness' or 'to testify.'
G2962
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Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective
Sounds like: KOO-ree-oss
Translations: Lord, a Lord, master, a master, owner, an owner, sir
Notes: This word refers to a person who has authority, control, or ownership over something or someone. It is frequently used in the New Testament to refer to God or Jesus Christ, signifying their supreme authority and sovereignty. It can also be used in a more general sense for a human master or owner.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΑΥΘΕΝΤΗΣ
Etymology: The word ΚΥΡΙΟΣ derives from the Greek word κῦρος (kyros), meaning 'supreme power' or 'authority'. It signifies one who possesses power and authority, thus a lord or master.
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THEH-os
Translations: God, a God, Lord
Notes: ΘΕΟΣ (theos) is a singular noun meaning 'God' or 'a god'. In Koine Greek, it is frequently used to refer to the singular, supreme God, often with the definite article. It can also refer to a generic deity or even a human figure considered divine. It functions as a subject or object in sentences, depending on its case.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΠΑΤΗΡ
Etymology: The word ΘΕΟΣ is believed to derive from a Proto-Indo-European root, though its precise origin is debated. It has cognates in various Indo-European languages.
G3816
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PAIS
Translations: child, a child, boy, a boy, girl, a girl, servant, a servant, slave, a slave
Notes: This word refers to a child, whether a boy or a girl, and can also denote a servant or slave, regardless of age. Its meaning often depends on the context, indicating a young person or someone in a position of servitude. For example, it can refer to a son or daughter, or a male or female attendant.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΤΕΚΝΟΝ, ΔΟΥΛΟΣ, ΚΟΡΑΣΙΟΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w- ('small, few'). It is related to words meaning 'child' or 'small' in various Indo-European languages.
G1700
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: moo
Translations: of me, my, mine
Notes: ΜΟΥ is the genitive singular form of the first-person personal pronoun, meaning "of me," "my," or "mine." It indicates possession or origin, similar to how "my" or "mine" is used in English. It can be used with nouns to show ownership (e.g., "my house") or with verbs to indicate the source or object of an action (e.g., "he heard of me").
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Common Gender
G1510
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ON
Translations: being, existing, a being, that which is
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'being' or 'existing'. It describes something that is in a state of being or existence. As a neuter singular form, it often refers to 'that which is' or 'a being', and can function as a noun.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΟΝ, ΓΙΝΟΜΕΝΟΝ
G1586
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eks-eh-LEK-sah-men
Translations: I chose, I selected, I picked out
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to choose' or 'to select'. It implies a deliberate act of picking out from a larger group. It is often used in contexts of divine selection or human choice. For example, one might say 'I chose a book' or 'God chose a people'.
Inflection: First Person Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Middle Voice
Synonyms: ΑΙΡΕΩ, ΕΠΙΛΕΓΟΜΑΙ
G5100
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TEE-sin
Translations: (to) some, (to) any, (to) certain ones, (to) someone, (to) anyone, (to) something, (to) anything
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the indefinite pronoun or adjective 'τις'. As an indefinite pronoun, it refers to 'someone', 'anyone', 'something', or 'anything'. As an indefinite adjective, it means 'some', 'any', or 'a certain'. In this form, it indicates the dative case, meaning 'to' or 'for' the specified entity, and is plural, referring to multiple entities.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, All Genders
G3140
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: mar-too-REH-ee
Translations: bears witness, testifies, gives evidence, confirms, attests
Notes: This verb means to bear witness, to testify, or to give evidence. It is used to describe someone who provides a statement or confirms a fact, often based on personal knowledge or experience. It can also mean to confirm or attest to something. For example, 'He testifies to the truth' or 'The evidence confirms his story.'
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΜΑΡΤΥΡΕΩ, ΣΥΝΕΠΙΜΑΡΤΥΡΕΩ
G1212
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: DAY-lon
Translations: clear, evident, manifest, obvious, a clear thing
Notes: This word describes something that is clear, evident, or manifest. It is used to indicate that something is easily seen, understood, or proven. For example, one might say that a truth is 'clear' or that a sign is 'evident'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΕΚΔΗΛΟΣ, ΦΑΝΕΡΟΣ, ΕΜΦΑΝΗΣ
Etymology: From the root *del- meaning 'to show, make clear'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toys
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: ΤΟΙΣ is the dative plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, but specifically indicates the indirect object or the recipient of an action, or location/instrument when used with a dative noun. It can be used with masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns in the plural.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into the definite article in Greek.
G4100
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: peh-pis-TEV-koh-sin
Translations: (to) those who have believed, (to) those who have trusted
Notes: This word is a perfect active participle, meaning it describes an action that has been completed in the past and has ongoing results. It refers to a group of people who have already believed or put their trust in something or someone. In this dative plural form, it indicates the recipients of an action, so it translates as "to those who have believed" or "for those who have believed."
Inflection: Perfect Active Participle, Dative, Plural, Masculine
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection
Sounds like: OY
Translations: the, who, they, oh
Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.
Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.
G4339
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pros-AY-loo-toy
Translations: proselytes, converts
Notes: This word refers to individuals who have converted from one religion or belief system to another, particularly Gentiles who have converted to Judaism. It describes someone who has come over to a new faith or community.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine
Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ΠΡΟΣ (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and the verb ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ (erchomai), meaning 'to come'. Thus, it literally means 'one who has come to' or 'one who has approached'.
G3440
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective
Sounds like: MO-non
Translations: only, alone, merely, a single, a solitary
Notes: This word can function as an adverb meaning 'only' or 'merely', indicating exclusivity or limitation. It can also be the neuter singular form of the adjective 'ΜΟΝΟΣ', meaning 'alone' or 'solitary', describing something as being by itself or unique. In its adverbial use, it often modifies verbs or clauses to emphasize that something is done exclusively or that a condition applies solely to one thing.
Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (as adjective); Does not inflect (as adverb)
Synonyms: ΜΟΝΩΣ, ΜΟΝΟΓΕΝΗΣ
G4100
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pis-TEH-oo-sin
Translations: they believe, they are believing, they trust, they are trusting, they have faith, they are having faith
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to believe', 'to trust', or 'to have faith'. It describes the action of placing one's confidence or reliance in someone or something. It is often used in the context of religious faith, indicating belief in God or a divine message, but can also refer to trusting in a person or an object. It is the third person plural present active indicative form of the verb.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΕΠΟΙΘΑ, ΕΛΠΙΖΩ, ΠΕΙΘΟΜΑΙ
G5216
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: hoo-MOHN
Translations: (of) you, your
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the second-person personal pronoun, meaning 'of you' or 'your' when referring to multiple people. It indicates possession, origin, or relationship concerning a group of people being addressed. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'the house of you' (your house) or 'from among you'.
Inflection: Second Person, Plural, Genitive
G0987
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: blas-fay-MOO-sin
Translations: they blaspheme, they speak evil of, they revile
Notes: This word describes the act of speaking impiously or irreverently about God or sacred things, or more generally, to speak evil of or revile someone. It implies a disrespectful or slanderous utterance. It is used to describe actions where individuals are actively engaged in such speech.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΛΟΓΕΩ, ΛΟΙΔΟΡΕΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G3686
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: O-no-MA
Translations: name, a name, reputation, character, authority
Notes: This word refers to a name, whether of a person, place, or thing. It can also signify one's reputation, character, or even authority, as a name often represents the person or entity itself. It is commonly used in phrases like 'in the name of' to denote authority or representation.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Genitive; Neuter
Synonyms: ΚΛΕΟΣ, ΦΗΜΗ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥. It is cognate with Latin nōmen and English name.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOO
Translations: (of) him, his, (of) it, its
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun. In this genitive singular form, it typically means 'of him,' 'his,' 'of it,' or 'its,' indicating possession or origin. It can refer to a male person or a neuter object/concept.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ (autos) is of uncertain origin, possibly from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'self'. It is an ancient Greek word that has been in continuous use.
G1565
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: eh-KAY-non
Translations: that (one), him, it
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'that' or 'that one'. It refers to something distant in space or time, or something previously mentioned or understood from the context. As a pronoun, it can stand alone, meaning 'that one' or 'him/it'. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, meaning 'that [noun]'. In this form, it is used for a masculine singular object of a verb or preposition.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΣ, ὉΔΕ
Etymology: The word ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ (ekeinos) is derived from the adverb ἐκεῖ (ekei), meaning 'there'. It refers to something 'over there' or 'that one there', indicating distance.
G4100
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: pis-TEV-on-tas
Translations: believing, trusting, having faith, a believer, those who believe
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'believing' or 'trusting'. It describes someone who is in the act of believing or has faith. It can function as an adjective modifying a noun, or as a substantive (acting as a noun) referring to 'one who believes' or 'those who believe'. It implies a continuous state of faith or trust in someone or something.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine or Neuter, Accusative, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΕΠΟΙΘΩΣ, ΕΛΠΙΖΩΝ
G5407
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: foh-NEH-oo-een
Translations: to murder, to kill, to slay
Notes: This verb means to murder or to kill, often with the implication of unlawful or intentional killing. It is used to describe the act of taking a life, whether human or animal, and can carry a strong moral connotation, especially in religious texts. It is typically followed by an accusative object, indicating who or what is being killed.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΚΤΕΙΝΩ, ΑΝΑΙΡΕΩ
Etymology: The word ΦΟΝΕΥΩ comes from φόνος (phonos), meaning 'murder' or 'slaughter'. It is related to the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷhen-, which means 'to strike, kill'.
G0009
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ai-ki-ZEIN
Translations: to torture, to torment, to abuse, to maltreat
Notes: This word means to inflict severe pain or torment upon someone, often physically. It describes the act of abusing or maltreating a person, causing them great suffering. It is used to describe actions like flogging, beating, or other forms of physical torture.
Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active
Synonyms: ΒΑΣΑΝΙΖΩ, ΤΥΠΤΩ
G1014
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: boo-LON-tai
Translations: they want, they wish, they desire
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to want', 'to wish', or 'to desire'. It is used to express a strong inclination or intention. For example, it can be used in sentences like 'they want to go' or 'they wish for peace'.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΘΕΛΩ, ΕΠΙΘΥΜΩ
G2596
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: KAH-tah
Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along
Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-ta
Translations: all, every, everything, all things
Notes: This word means 'all' or 'every'. In its plural neuter form, as seen here, it often translates to 'all things' or 'everything'. It is used to indicate totality or universality, referring to a complete set or collection of items or concepts.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G5213
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: yoo-MEEN
Translations: (to) you, (for) you
Notes: This word is a second person plural pronoun, meaning 'you' (plural). It is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of a verb or the recipient of an action. It can be translated as 'to you' or 'for you', depending on the context.
Inflection: Plural, Dative
G1815
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eks-oh-moy-OO-sthai
Translations: to be made like, to be conformed, to be assimilated, to resemble
Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the preposition ἐκ (ek, meaning 'out of' or 'from'), the adjective ὅμοιος (homoios, meaning 'like' or 'similar'), and the verb ending -όω (to make). It means to be made completely like something or someone else, to be conformed to a pattern, or to become entirely similar. It is often used in a passive or middle sense, indicating that one is being made like or is making oneself like something.
Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive Voice, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΟΜΟΙΟΩ, ΣΥΜΜΟΡΦΟΩ
Etymology: The word is derived from the prefix ἐκ (ek, 'out of, from'), and the verb ὁμοιόω (homoioō, 'to make like'), which itself comes from ὅμοιος (homoios, 'like, similar').
G4692
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: SPEV-doo-see
Translations: they hurry, they hasten, they rush, they strive, they are eager
Notes: This word describes the action of moving quickly or with urgency. It can also imply a strong desire or eagerness to do something, indicating a striving or pressing forward. It is used to describe a group of people performing this action.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΕΠΕΙΓΩ, ΤΑΧΥΝΩ
G3825
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: PAH-lin
Translations: again, back, anew, once more, on the other hand, moreover, in turn
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'again' or 'back'. It is used to indicate a repetition of an action or a return to a previous state or place. It can also be used to introduce a contrasting idea, similar to 'on the other hand' or 'moreover'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΥΘΙΣ, ΕΤΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kwel- (to turn, revolve). It refers to a turning back or repetition.
G0243
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: AL-loys
Translations: to others, for others, with others, other, another
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to refer to a different person or thing from one already mentioned or implied. In this inflected form, it is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', or 'with'. It is a common word used to distinguish one group or item from another.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ
Etymology: The word ἄλλος (allos) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is related to Latin alius and English 'else'.
G0994
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: boh-AH
Translations: cry out, shout, call out, proclaim
Notes: This word describes the act of crying out or shouting, often with a loud voice. It can be used to express strong emotion, to call for attention, or to make a proclamation. It is typically used in the active voice.
Inflection: Present, Active, Imperative, Second Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΚΡΑΖΩ, ΦΩΝΕΩ, ΚΕΚΡΑΓΑ
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-GOH
Translations: I, me
Notes: ἘΓΩ is the first-person singular personal pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning "I" or "me." It refers to the speaker and functions primarily as the subject of a sentence. While the first-person singular verb ending often makes the pronoun redundant, ἘΓΩ is frequently used for emphasis, similar to saying "I myself" or "even I" in English. It can also be used to clarify the subject when multiple individuals are involved.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Nominative
Etymology: This word is an ancient pronoun, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has cognates in many Indo-European languages, reflecting a shared linguistic heritage.
G2564
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-KAH-leh-sah
Translations: I called, I invited, I summoned, I named
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to call', 'to invite', 'to summon', or 'to name'. It describes an action that happened in the past, specifically that 'I' performed the action of calling or inviting someone or something. It can be used in sentences like 'I called him' or 'I invited them to the feast'.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΚΑΛΕΩ, ΚΕΛΕΥΩ
G4571
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: SEH
Translations: you
Notes: ΣΕ is the accusative singular form of the second-person pronoun, meaning 'you' when it is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition. It indicates the person to whom an action is done or directed.
Inflection: Second Person, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is the accusative form of the second-person singular pronoun.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun
Sounds like: TAY
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which
Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.
G1343
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: dee-kah-yoh-SOO-nay
Translations: righteousness, justice, a righteousness, a justice
Notes: This word refers to the quality of being morally right or just. It encompasses concepts of uprightness, integrity, and conformity to divine or moral law. It is often used in a theological context to describe God's character or the state of being right with God.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΥΘΥΤΗΣ, ΑΡΕΤΗ, ΟΣΙΟΤΗΣ
Etymology: From the Greek word δίκαιος (dikaios), meaning 'just' or 'righteous', combined with the suffix -σύνη (-synē), which forms abstract nouns.
G2902
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kra-TAY-soh
Translations: I will hold, I will seize, I will grasp, I will take hold of, I will prevail, I will rule
Notes: This word means to take hold of, grasp, seize, or prevail. It implies exercising power, control, or dominance over something or someone. It can be used in contexts of physical holding, gaining control, or overcoming an opponent.
Inflection: First Person Singular, Future, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΝΙΚΑΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: THAYS
Translations: of the
Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.
G5495
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHEI-ross
Translations: of hand, of a hand, of the hand, of power, of authority, of control
Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the noun 'χείρ' (cheir), meaning 'hand'. In Koine Greek, 'hand' can refer not only to the physical limb but also metaphorically to power, authority, control, or agency. When used in the genitive case, it often indicates possession, origin, or the agent by which something is done, thus translating to 'of hand' or 'by the hand of'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΜΙΣ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑ
Etymology: The word 'χείρ' (cheir) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰesr-, meaning 'hand'. It is related to words for hand in other Indo-European languages.
G4771
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Part of Speech: Personal Pronoun
Sounds like: soo
Translations: of you, your, yours
Notes: ΣΟΥ is the genitive singular form of the second-person personal pronoun 'you'. It indicates possession or relationship, similar to 'your' or 'of you' in English. It can be used to show that something belongs to the person being addressed, or to indicate the object of certain prepositions or verbs that take the genitive case.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, All genders
G2480
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: iss-KHOO-soh
Translations: I will be strong, I will be able, I will prevail, I will have power, I will be mighty
Notes: This word means to be strong, to have power, or to be able to do something. It is often used to describe physical strength, but can also refer to moral or spiritual power and ability. It implies having the capacity or capability to accomplish a task or overcome an obstacle.
Inflection: Future, Indicative, Active, First Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΜΑΙ, ΚΡΑΤΕΩ
G5087
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: thay-SOH
Translations: I will place, I will put, I will set, I will lay, I will appoint
Notes: This word is a future tense form of the verb 'τίθημι', meaning 'to place' or 'to put'. It indicates an action that will happen in the future, such as 'I will place' or 'I will set'. It can be used in various contexts to describe the act of putting something down, establishing something, or appointing someone.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Future, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΒΑΛΩ, ΕΠΙΘΗΣΩ, ΚΑΤΑΘΗΣΩ
G1242
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: dee-ah-THEH-kane
Translations: covenant, a covenant, testament, a testament, will, a will, disposition, an arrangement
Notes: This word refers to a covenant, agreement, or testament, often implying a formal arrangement or disposition made by one party, which may or may not be reciprocated. In a religious context, it frequently refers to God's covenant with humanity. It can also refer to a last will and testament.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΘΗΚΗ, ΟΡΚΟΣ, ΔΙΑΤΑΓΜΑ
Etymology: From the Greek preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and the verb τίθημι (tithemi), meaning 'to place' or 'to set'. It originally referred to an arrangement or disposition, and later came to mean a covenant or testament.
G1085
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: geh-NOOS
Translations: of race, of kind, of family, of nation, of offspring, of stock
Notes: This word refers to a group of people sharing common ancestry, characteristics, or origin. It can also refer to a species, type, or class of things. It is often used to describe a lineage, a people group, or a category.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΦΥΛΗ, ΕΘΝΟΣ, ΣΠΕΡΜΑ
G5457
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: FOHSS
Translations: light, a light, fire
Notes: This word refers to light, whether literal illumination, or metaphorically, as in truth, knowledge, or spiritual enlightenment. It can also refer to a source of light, like a lamp or a star, or even fire. It is often used in contrast to darkness.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΦΕΓΓΟΣ, ΛΥΧΝΟΣ, ΠΥΡ
Etymology: From an ancient root meaning 'to shine' or 'to be bright'.
G1484
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ETH-nohn
Translations: of nations, of Gentiles, of peoples, of the nations, of the Gentiles, of the peoples
Notes: This word refers to a nation, a people, or a group of people, often specifically used in the New Testament to refer to non-Jewish people, i.e., the Gentiles. It is used here in the genitive plural, indicating possession or origin, often translated as 'of nations' or 'of Gentiles'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΛΑΟΣ, ΦΥΛΗ
G0455
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-NOY-xai
Translations: to open, to unseal, to disclose, to reveal
Notes: This word means 'to open' and can refer to physically opening something like a door, a book, or one's eyes or mouth. It can also be used metaphorically to mean 'to disclose' or 'to reveal' something, such as understanding or a secret. It is often used in contexts where an action of opening is completed or viewed as a single event.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ἈΝΟΙΓΝΥΜΙ, ΔΙΑΝΟΙΓΩ
G3788
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: oph-thal-MOOS
Translations: eyes
Notes: This word refers to the eyes, the organs of sight. It is commonly used in both literal and figurative senses, such as seeing with one's physical eyes or understanding something with the 'eyes' of the mind or heart. In the provided examples, it is used in contexts related to physical sight and divine illumination.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΨΕΙΣ, ΒΛΕΜΜΑΤΑ
G5185
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: TY-flohn
Translations: of blind people, of the blind, of the blind ones
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective or noun 'blind'. It is used to indicate possession or relationship concerning multiple blind individuals. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'the eyes of the blind' or 'the leader of the blind'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΟΡΑΤΩΝ, ΑΝΟΜΜΑΤΩΝ
G1806
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eks-ah-gah-GAYN
Translations: to lead out, to bring out, to take out, to draw out, to go out
Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'ἐκ' (out of) and the verb 'ἄγω' (to lead). It means to lead, bring, or take something or someone out from a place or state. It is often used in contexts of physical movement, such as leading people out of a city, or bringing objects out of a house. It can also be used metaphorically, such as bringing forth a result or revealing something.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΓΩ, ΕΚΦΕΡΩ, ΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ
G1537
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EK
Translations: out of, from, of
Notes: ἘΚ is a preposition meaning 'out of' or 'from,' indicating origin, source, or separation. It always governs the genitive case, meaning the noun or pronoun following it will be in the genitive form. It can also be used to express the cause or means by which something occurs.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἈΠΌ
Etymology: From a primary preposition, meaning 'out of' or 'from'. It is a fundamental word in Greek, indicating separation or origin.
G1199
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: des-MOHN
Translations: (of) chains, (of) bonds, (of) imprisonment, (of) prison
Notes: This word refers to physical restraints, such as chains or bonds, used to secure or confine someone. It is often used in the context of imprisonment or captivity, signifying the state of being bound or held captive.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΛΥΣΕΩΝ, ΔΕΣΜΟΙΣ, ΦΥΛΑΚΗΣ
G3962
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: peh-peh-dee-MEH-noos
Translations: bound, chained, fettered, imprisoned, those who are bound, the bound ones
Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, masculine, accusative plural, derived from the verb 'πεδάω' (pedao), meaning 'to bind' or 'to shackle'. It describes individuals who have been bound or are in chains, often referring to prisoners or those held captive. It is used to indicate a state of being restrained or confined.
Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Accusative, Plural
Synonyms: ΔΕΔΕΜΕΝΟΥΣ, ΑΛΥΣΟΔΕΤΟΥΣ
Etymology: The verb πεδάω (pedao) comes from πέδη (pede), meaning 'fetter' or 'shackle'. This noun is related to the Greek word for 'foot', πούς (pous), indicating something that binds the feet.
G1893
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: eh-PEI
Translations: since, because, for, when, after, inasmuch as
Notes: This word functions as a conjunction or adverb, introducing a clause that provides a reason, cause, or time. As a conjunction, it can mean 'since' or 'because' when indicating a cause, or 'when' or 'after' when indicating time. As an adverb, it can mean 'for' or 'inasmuch as'. It often introduces a dependent clause that explains the main clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΚΑΘΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙΔΗ
Etymology: From the preposition ἐπί (epi, 'upon, on') and the particle εἰ (ei, 'if'). It originally meant 'upon the condition that' or 'when'.
G5599
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Part of Speech: Interjection
Sounds like: OH
Translations: O, Oh
Notes: This word is an interjection used for direct address, exclamation, or to express strong emotion such as wonder, lament, or appeal. It often precedes a noun in the vocative case, indicating a direct address to someone or something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European.
G0435
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: AN-dres
Translations: men
Notes: This word means 'men' and is the plural form of 'man'. It refers to adult male human beings. In Koine Greek, it is often used generally to refer to people, especially in a collective sense, or specifically to males.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΙ
G5547
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHRIS-ton
Translations: Christ, the Christ, Anointed One, the Anointed One
Notes: This word refers to the 'Anointed One' or 'Messiah'. In the New Testament, it is primarily used as a title for Jesus, signifying his role as the promised deliverer. It is often used with the definite article 'the' (the Christ) or as a proper name (Christ). As an accusative form, it would typically function as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΜΕΣΣΙΑΣ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ
G5461
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Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective
Sounds like: peh-foh-tees-MEH-nohn
Translations: of those who have been enlightened, of enlightened ones
Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, indicating a state of having been enlightened or illuminated. It describes individuals who have undergone the process of receiving light, understanding, or spiritual insight. It functions adjectivally, modifying a noun that is understood to be in the genitive plural.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Perfect Passive Participle
Synonyms: ΦΩΤΙΣΘΕΝΤΩΝ, ΛΑΜΠΡΟΤΗΤΩΝ
Etymology: The word ΦΩΤΙΖΩ comes from φῶς (phōs), meaning 'light'. It means to give light, to illuminate, or to enlighten.
G2046
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-REH-teh
Translations: you will say, you will speak, you will tell
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to say', 'to speak', or 'to tell'. It is in the future tense, indicating an action that will happen. It is used when addressing multiple people, as in 'you (plural) will say'.
Inflection: Future, Indicative, Active, Second Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΦΗΜΙ
Etymology: The verb ἔρω (erō) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is related to other Greek words concerning speech and communication.
G3551
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: NOH-mon
Translations: law, a law, rule, principle
Notes: The word refers to a law, rule, or principle. In the context of the Bible, it often refers to the Mosaic Law or the Law of God, but it can also refer to a general principle or custom. It is used to denote a standard of conduct or a governing regulation.
Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Accusative
Synonyms: ΚΑΝΩΝ, ΔΙΚΑΙΩΜΑ, ΕΝΤΟΛΗ
Etymology: From a root meaning "to parcel out, distribute." It originally referred to anything assigned or apportioned, and later came to mean a custom, usage, or law.
G5618
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction
Sounds like: OH-sper
Translations: just as, as, even as, like, in the same way as
Notes: This word functions as a comparative adverb or conjunction, meaning 'just as' or 'even as'. It is used to introduce a clause that draws a comparison or analogy, indicating that something is happening or is true in the same manner or degree as something else. It emphasizes the similarity between two things or actions.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΑΠΕΡ
Etymology: From the adverb ὡς (hōs, "as") and the particle περ (per, "indeed, very"), emphasizing the comparison.
G2302
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: theh-AH-troh
Translations: to a theater, in a theater, at a theater, to the theater, in the theater, at the theater, theater, a theater
Notes: This word refers to a place for public spectacles or assemblies, such as a theater or an amphitheater. In this dative singular form, it indicates the location where an action takes place or the indirect object of an action, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'in', or 'at'. It can also refer to the audience gathered in such a place.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΓΟΡΑ, ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ
Etymology: From the Greek verb θεάομαι (theaomai), meaning 'to behold' or 'to gaze at', which itself comes from θέα (thea), meaning 'a sight' or 'a spectacle'.
G0340
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: an-ek-RAH-gon
Translations: they cried out, they shouted, they screamed
Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the prefix ἀνά (aná), meaning 'up' or 'again', and κράζω (krázō), meaning 'to cry out'. Therefore, ἀνακράζω means 'to cry out loudly' or 'to shout out'. ἈΝΕΚΡΑΓΟΝ is the third person plural aorist active indicative form, meaning 'they cried out' or 'they shouted'. It describes an action of shouting or screaming that occurred in the past.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΚΡΑΖΩ, ΒΟΑΩ, ΦΩΝΕΩ
Etymology: The word ἀνακράζω is formed from the preposition ἀνά (aná), meaning 'up' or 'again', and the verb κράζω (krázō), meaning 'to cry out' or 'to shout'. The prefix intensifies the action of crying out.
G5100
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: TI-nes
Translations: some, certain ones, who, what
Notes: This word is an indefinite pronoun meaning 'some' or 'certain ones'. It can also function as an interrogative pronoun, asking 'who?' or 'what?' in the plural. Its meaning often depends on the context of the sentence.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine
G1208
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: dehf-TEH-rah
Translations: second, a second, the second
Notes: This word means 'second' and is the feminine singular form of the adjective 'δεύτερος'. It can be used to describe something as being in the second position or order. It is often used substantively, meaning 'the second one' (referring to a feminine noun) or 'the second thing'. It can also refer to the second day of the week, Monday.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Etymology: The word 'δευτέρα' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to follow' or 'to yield'. It is related to the concept of being next in sequence.
G0864
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ah-FIG-meh-nohn
Translations: of those who have arrived, of those who have come, of those who have reached
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'aphikneomai', meaning 'to arrive' or 'to come'. As a genitive plural, it refers to 'of those who have arrived' or 'of those who have come'. It is used to describe a group of people who have completed the action of arriving or reaching a destination.
Inflection: Perfect, Active, Participle, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Plural
Synonyms: ΕΛΗΛΥΘΟΤΩΝ, ΠΑΡΑΓΕΓΟΝΟΤΩΝ
G5101
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TEE
Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing
Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.
G5461
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: foh-tee-ZOH-meh-noos
Translations: those who are enlightened, those who are illuminated, those being enlightened, those being illuminated
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'photizo', meaning 'to enlighten' or 'to illuminate'. It describes individuals who are in the process of receiving light, understanding, or spiritual insight. It is often used to refer to people who are being taught or are coming to a new understanding.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine, Present, Passive
Synonyms: ΦΑΙΝΩ, ΛΑΜΠΩ
G5259
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix
Sounds like: HOOP
Translations: under, by, with, from, at, through, in, of
Notes: This word is a common Greek preposition and prefix. As a preposition, it typically means 'under' or 'below', but its meaning can vary significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the accusative case, it can indicate motion towards a place ('under', 'to'). As a prefix, it means 'under', 'below', 'less than', or 'secretly', as seen in compound words like 'υποκάτω' (underneath). The form 'ΥΠ' is a common truncation of 'ΥΠΟ' when it acts as a prefix, especially before a vowel, or as part of a compound word.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or prefix)
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑ, ΕΠΙ
G3778
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: OO-toy
Translations: these, they
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they'. It is used to point out or refer to specific people or things that are nearby or have just been mentioned. It functions similarly to 'these ones' or 'these people' in English.
Inflection: Nominative, Masculine, Plural
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EYE-sin
Translations: are
Notes: This word is the third person plural form of the verb 'to be'. It means 'they are' or 'there are'. It is used to describe the state or existence of multiple subjects, similar to how 'are' is used in English. For example, 'The men are here' or 'There are many books'.
Inflection: Third person, Plural, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΟΥΣΙΝ, ΓΙΝΟΝΤΑΙ
G5346
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-FAYN
Translations: I said, he said, she said, it said
Notes: This is the first aorist active indicative form of the verb 'φημί' (phēmi), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to report what someone said in the past, often translated as 'I said' or 'he/she/it said' depending on the context. It can refer to a specific utterance or a general statement made previously.
Inflection: First Aorist, Active, Indicative, Singular, First or Third Person
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΕΙΠΩΝ, ΛΑΛΕΩ
Etymology: The verb φημί (phēmi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeh₂- meaning 'to speak, tell, say'. It is related to Latin fari ('to speak') and English 'ban' (in the sense of proclamation).
G0577
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-pi-DON
Translations: looking away, looking intently, looking steadfastly, looking to, having looked away, having looked intently, having looked steadfastly, having looked to
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, masculine, singular, nominative case, derived from the verb ἀποβλέπω (apoblepō). It describes the action of looking away from other things in order to fix one's gaze intently upon a specific object or person. It implies a focused attention or consideration. It can be used to describe someone who has turned their attention towards something or someone, often with a purpose or expectation.
Inflection: Participle, Aorist, Active, Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΑΦΟΡΑΩ, ΕΜΒΛΕΠΩ
G5172
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: TROO-foh-nah
Translations: Tryphon
Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to a specific individual named Tryphon. In historical contexts, it often refers to Diodotus Tryphon, a Hellenistic king of the Seleucid Empire. It is used as the object of a verb or preposition in a sentence.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
G1519, G1487, G1488
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb
Sounds like: E
Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are
Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).
G3551
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: NOH-mos
Translations: law, a law, principle, custom
Notes: This word refers to a law, a principle, or a custom. It can denote a specific legal code, such as the Mosaic Law, or a general principle or rule. It is often used in a religious or ethical context, referring to divine commandments or established norms of conduct.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΝΤΟΛΗ, ΔΙΚΑΙΩΜΑ, ΚΑΝΩΝ
Etymology: The word ΝΟΜΟΣ (nomos) comes from the Greek verb νέμω (nemō), meaning 'to distribute, to assign, to apportion'. It originally referred to that which is distributed or assigned, and thus came to mean an established custom or law.
G2192
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EE-kheh
Translations: he had, she had, it had, he was having, she was having, it was having
Notes: This word is the third person singular imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, or a state of possession that existed in the past. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'He had a house' or 'She was holding the book'.
Inflection: Third person, Singular, Imperfect, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΚΤΩΜΑΙ, ΚΕΚΤΗΜΑΙ
G5461
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: foh-TEE-zayn
Translations: to enlighten, to illuminate, to give light, to shine upon
Notes: This word means to give light, to illuminate, or to enlighten. It is often used in a literal sense, referring to physical light, but can also be used metaphorically to mean to instruct, to make clear, or to bring understanding to someone or something. It describes the act of causing light to appear or knowledge to be imparted.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΛΑΜΠΩ, ΑΥΓΑΖΩ, ΦΑΙΝΩ
G1484
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ETH-nay
Translations: nations, peoples, Gentiles
Notes: This word refers to groups of people, tribes, or nations. In a biblical context, especially in the New Testament, it often refers to non-Israelite peoples, commonly translated as 'Gentiles'. It can be used generally to mean any group of people.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative
Synonyms: ΛΑΟΙ
G2192
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: EKH-on-tas
Translations: having, holding, possessing, those having, the ones holding
Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. As a participle, it functions both as a verb, indicating an action, and as an adjective, modifying a noun. In this form, it describes individuals or things that are in the process of having or holding something.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΕΚΤΗΜΕΝΟΥΣ, ΚΑΤΕΧΟΝΤΑΣ
Etymology: The verb ἔχω (echō) comes from Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ-, meaning 'to hold, to have'. It is a fundamental verb in Greek, with cognates in other Indo-European languages.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: him, it, himself, itself
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun, typically meaning 'him' or 'it' when used as a personal pronoun. It can also be used intensively to mean 'himself' or 'itself', emphasizing the subject or object. It refers to a previously mentioned male person or a neuter object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter
G5101
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Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective
Sounds like: TEES
Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing
Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.
Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.
Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.
G5532
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHREH-yah
Translations: need, a need, necessity, a necessity, use, a use, service, a service, business, a business, lack, a lack
Notes: This word is a feminine noun that refers to a need, necessity, or a useful purpose. It can also denote a service or a business matter. It is often used to describe something that is required or beneficial, or a situation where something is lacking.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΓΚΗ, ΔΕΗΣΙΣ, ΕΡΓΟΝ
Etymology: The word ΧΡΕΙΑ derives from the Greek verb χράομαι (chraomai), meaning 'to use, to need'. It is related to the concept of utility and what is necessary or useful.
G2537
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: kai-NES
Translations: of new, of a new, of fresh, of a fresh, of recent, of a recent, of unprecedented, of an unprecedented
Notes: This word describes something as new, fresh, or unprecedented, often in quality or kind rather than merely in time. It implies something that is superior or different from what came before, rather than just recently made. It is used to modify a feminine singular noun in the genitive case.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΝΕΟΣ, ΠΡΟΣΦΑΤΟΣ
G1242
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: Dee-ah-THEE-kees
Translations: (of) a covenant, (of) the covenant, (of) a testament, (of) the testament, (of) a will, (of) the will
Notes: This word refers to a solemn agreement or a binding compact, often between God and humans, or between two parties. It can also refer to a last will and testament, a legal document outlining a person's wishes for their possessions after death. Its meaning can shift depending on the context, often referring to a divine covenant in religious texts or a human will in legal contexts.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΘΗΚΗ
G2537
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: kai-NEEN
Translations: new, a new
Notes: This word describes something that is new in quality, fresh, or unprecedented, rather than merely new in time (which would be 'neos'). It refers to something that is superior or different from what came before. It is often used to describe a new covenant, a new creation, or a new way of living.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΝΕΟΣ, ΠΡΟΣΦΑΤΟΣ
G0166
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ahee-OH-nee-on
Translations: eternal, everlasting, age-long, perpetual
Notes: This word describes something that pertains to an age or period of time, often implying a duration that is either without end or of very long duration. It can refer to something that has always existed, will always exist, or is characteristic of a particular age. In many contexts, it is translated as 'eternal' or 'everlasting', emphasizing endless duration.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑἸΔΙΟΣ, ΑΚΑΤΑΛΥΤΟΣ
Etymology: Derived from the Koine Greek word ΑἸΩΝ (AIŌN), meaning 'age' or 'eternity'.
G4368
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pros-TAG-ma
Translations: commandment, command, ordinance, decree, a commandment, an ordinance
Notes: This word refers to a command, order, or decree, often issued by an authority. It signifies something that has been enjoined or prescribed. It is typically used to refer to divine or human laws and regulations.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΝΤΟΛΗ, ΔΙΚΑΙΩΜΑ, ΝΟΜΟΣ
Etymology: From the verb προστάσσω (prostassō), meaning 'to order, command, appoint', which is formed from πρός (pros, 'to, toward') and τάσσω (tassō, 'to arrange, order').
G4297
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pro-eh-KEE-roos-seh
Translations: he was proclaiming, he was announcing, he was preaching, he was publishing
Notes: This word describes the action of proclaiming, announcing, or preaching something publicly and in advance. It is used to indicate that someone was making a declaration or publishing information before an event or a specific time. The form given is an imperfect tense, meaning the action was ongoing or repeated in the past.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Imperfect, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΚΗΡΥΣΣΩ, ΑΝΑΚΗΡΥΣΣΩ, ΔΙΑΚΗΡΥΣΣΩ
Etymology: The word προκηρύσσω (prokēryssō) is a compound word formed from the preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of', and the verb κηρύσσω (kēryssō), meaning 'to proclaim' or 'to preach'. Thus, it literally means 'to proclaim beforehand'.
G3992
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: PEM-psehn
Translations: to send, to dispatch, to send forth, to send away, to send off
Notes: This is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'ΠΕΜΠΩ'. It means 'to send' or 'to dispatch'. It is used to express the action of sending someone or something, often with a purpose or destination. For example, it can be used in constructions like 'he wanted to send them' or 'it is necessary to send a message'.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ, ΕΞΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ
G3780
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OOKH-ee
Translations: no, not at all, by no means, certainly not
Notes: This word is a strong negative adverb, meaning 'no' or 'not at all'. It is used to express a definite and emphatic denial, often in response to a question or to strongly contradict a statement. It is a more emphatic form of the negative particle οὐ (ou).
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΜΗ
Etymology: From οὐ (ou), meaning 'not', and the enclitic particle -χι (-chi), which adds emphasis. It is a more emphatic form of the simple negative particle.
G3820
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pa-LAI-on
Translations: old, ancient, former, an old thing, the old
Notes: This word describes something that is old, ancient, or belongs to a former time. It can refer to age, as in an old person or an old custom, or to something that existed previously, like a former covenant or an old way of life. It is often used to contrast with something new or recent.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΡΧΑΙΟΣ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ
Etymology: From the Greek word πάλαι (palai), meaning 'long ago' or 'formerly'.
G191
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-koo-SOH-meh-thah
Translations: we will hear, we shall hear, we will listen, we shall listen
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to hear' or 'to listen'. It is in the future tense, indicating an action that will happen. The ending '-ομεθα' signifies that the action is performed by 'we' (first person plural). It can be used in sentences to express future hearing or listening.
Inflection: First Person, Plural, Future, Indicative, Middle Voice
Synonyms: ΠΥΝΘΑΝΟΜΑΙ, ΕΙΣΑΚΟΥΩ
Etymology: The word ἀκούω (akouō) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It is related to the English word 'acoustic' through its Greek roots.
G5461
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-foh-TEE-sen
Translations: he enlightened, he illuminated, he brought to light, he shone upon
Notes: This is a verb in the aorist tense, indicating a completed action in the past. It means to enlighten, illuminate, or bring light to something or someone. It can also mean to shine upon or give light.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΛΑΜΠΩ, ΦΑΙΝΩ
G4226
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction
Sounds like: POO
Translations: where, whither, wherever
Notes: This word functions as an adverb or conjunction indicating place. It can be used to ask 'where?' or to state 'where' something is located or moving towards. It often introduces a relative clause, specifying the location of an action or state.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΠΟΥ, ΠΟΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words indicating location or direction.
G5346
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: PHAY-sin
Translations: he says, she says, it says, he said, she said, it said
Notes: This word is a common verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to report what someone else has said or to introduce a direct quote. It can be translated as 'he says', 'she says', or 'it says', and often implies 'he/she/it said' in narrative contexts.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΕΡΩ
Etymology: The word ΦΗΜΙ (phēmi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to speak' or 'to show'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey the idea of speaking or declaring.
G3779
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OO-toh
Translations: thus, so, in this way, in like manner
Notes: This word is an adverb of manner, indicating how something is done or the way in which something occurs. It can also refer to the extent or degree of something. It is often used to introduce a consequence or a comparison, meaning 'in this way' or 'thus'. It is an older form of ΟΥΤΩΣ, and both forms are used interchangeably in Koine Greek.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥΤΩΣ, ΩΣ
Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos, 'this'). It indicates 'in this manner' or 'thus', referring back to something previously mentioned or implied.
G2540
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kahee-ROH
Translations: to time, to season, to opportunity, to a proper time, to a fixed time, to a due season, to a critical time
Notes: This word refers to a specific, opportune, or appointed time, often implying a critical or decisive moment. It is distinct from 'chronos' (χρόνος), which refers to chronological or sequential time. 'Kairos' emphasizes the qualitative aspect of time, focusing on the right or fitting moment for something to happen. It is used in contexts where a particular event or action is expected or appropriate.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΩΡΑ, ΧΡΟΝΟΣ
G1184
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: DEK-toh
Translations: (to) acceptable, (to) favorable, (to) welcome
Notes: This word describes something that is acceptable, favorable, or welcome. It is often used in the context of a time or offering that is pleasing or agreeable, particularly to God. It is an inflected form of the adjective 'δέκτος'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΥΠΡΟΣΔΕΚΤΟΣ, ΕΥΑΡΕΣΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word 'δέκτος' comes from the verb 'δέχομαι' (dechomai), meaning 'to receive' or 'to accept'. It describes something that has been or can be received or accepted.
G1874
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ep-ay-KOO-sah
Translations: listened to, heard, obeyed, answered
Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'ἐπί' (epi, meaning 'upon' or 'to') and the verb 'ἀκούω' (akouo, meaning 'to hear'). It means to listen to, hear, or obey, often implying a favorable or attentive hearing, such as listening to a prayer or obeying a command. It can also mean to answer, especially in the context of prayer.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular or 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ἈΚΟΥΩ, ὙΠΑΚΟΥΩ
G2250
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: hay-MEH-rah
Translations: day, a day, time, a time, period, a period
Notes: This word refers to a day, which can mean either a 24-hour period or the daylight portion of a day, as opposed to night. It can also be used more broadly to refer to a specific time, season, or period. It is commonly used to mark the passage of time or to refer to a particular point in time.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words meaning 'warm' or 'hot', referring to the warmth of the day.
G4991
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: so-tay-REE-as
Translations: of salvation, of deliverance, of preservation, of safety
Notes: This word refers to the act or state of being saved, delivered, or preserved from danger, destruction, or evil. It can also mean safety or well-being. In a religious context, it often refers to spiritual salvation. It is used here in the genitive case, indicating possession or origin, often translated with 'of'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΥΤΡΩΣΙΣ, ΛΥΤΡΩΣΙΣ, ΔΙΑΣΩΣΙΣ
G0997
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-boh-AY-thay-sah
Translations: I helped, I aided, I succored
Notes: This word means to help, aid, or succor someone. It describes the act of providing assistance or support, often in a time of need or distress. It is typically used with a dative object, indicating the person or thing being helped.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΕΡΓΕΩ, ΕΠΙΚΟΥΡΕΩ, ΑΝΤΙΛΑΜΒΑΝΟΜΑΙ
G4771
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: SOY
Translations: (to) you, (for) you, you
Notes: This is the second-person singular dative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'to you' or 'for you'. It can also simply translate as 'you' when the context implies a dative relationship, such as indirect object or a recipient of an action. It is used to indicate the person to whom something is given, said, or done, or for whom an action is performed. For example, 'I give to you' or 'I do this for you'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Second Person
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a very ancient pronoun, found across many Indo-European languages.
G1325
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-DOH-kah
Translations: I gave, I have given
Notes: This word is the first person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb "didomi," meaning "to give." It describes a completed action of giving that occurred in the past. It is used when the speaker is the one who performed the action of giving.
Inflection: Aorist Active Indicative, 1st Person Singular
Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩ, ΠΑΡΕΧΩ, ΧΑΡΙΖΟΜΑΙ
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G2525
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kah-tah-STAY-sai
Translations: to appoint, to establish, to set up, to make, to constitute, to place, to ordain
Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb καθίστημι. It means to set something or someone in a particular place or position, often with authority or purpose. It can be used to describe appointing someone to an office or position, establishing a rule or order, or simply placing something somewhere.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΟΡΙΖΩ, ΠΟΙΕΩ
Etymology: The word καθίστημι is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand' or 'to cause to stand'. Thus, it literally means 'to set down' or 'to establish'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TANE
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.
G1093
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: GAYN
Translations: earth, an earth, land, a land, ground, a ground, country, a country, region, a region
Notes: ΓΗΝ is the accusative singular form of the noun ΓΗ, meaning 'earth', 'land', 'ground', 'country', or 'region'. It is used to indicate the direct object of a verb or the destination of motion, often translated as 'to the earth' or 'into the land' depending on the context and accompanying prepositions. It can refer to the planet, a specific territory, or the soil itself.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΓΕΑ
G2817
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: klay-roh-noh-MEE-ahn
Translations: inheritance, an inheritance, heritage, a heritage, possession, a possession
Notes: This word refers to an inheritance, a heritage, or a possession. It denotes something received by lot or as a legacy, often property or a spiritual blessing. It is used in sentences to describe what is passed down or acquired.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΛΗΡΟΣ, ΚΑΤΑΚΛΗΡΟΝΟΜΙΑ
Etymology: The word ΚΛΗΡΟΝΟΜΙΑ (klēronomia) comes from the combination of κλῆρος (klēros), meaning 'lot' or 'portion', and νέμω (nemō), meaning 'to distribute' or 'to assign'. It refers to that which is distributed by lot or assigned as a portion.
G2816
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: klay-roh-noh-MAY-sai
Translations: to inherit, to obtain, to possess, to receive as an inheritance
Notes: This word means 'to inherit' or 'to obtain by inheritance'. It describes the act of receiving something as a rightful heir or successor, often referring to property, a promise, or a spiritual blessing. It can also mean to come into possession of something, or to obtain it.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΕΧΩ
G2048
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: eh-RAY-moos
Translations: desolate, deserted, solitary, lonely, wilderness, desert, a wilderness, a desert
Notes: This word describes something that is desolate, deserted, or solitary. It can be used as an adjective to modify a noun, meaning 'desolate' or 'lonely'. It can also function as a noun itself, referring to a 'wilderness' or 'deserted place'. In the provided examples, it is used in the accusative plural, referring to 'desolate places' or 'deserts'.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΝΥΔΡΟΣ, ΕΡΗΜΙΑ, ΕΡΗΜΩΣΙΣ
Etymology: The word ΕΡΗΜΟΣ (erēmos) comes from a pre-Greek word, possibly related to the concept of being 'empty' or 'alone'.
G3588, G3739, G2228
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection
Sounds like: AY
Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah
Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.
Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)
Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.
G2817
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: klay-roh-noh-MEE-ah
Translations: inheritance, a inheritance, heritage, a heritage, possession, a possession
Notes: This word refers to an inheritance, heritage, or possession. It denotes something received by lot or by succession, often property or a legacy passed down from an ancestor or predecessor. It can also refer to the portion or share one receives.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative or Vocative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΛΗΡΟΣ, ΚΤΗΣΙΣ, ΠΕΡΙΟΥΣΙΑ
Etymology: The word ΚΛΗΡΟΝΟΜΙΑ (klēronomia) is derived from the Greek word κληρονόμος (klēronomos), meaning 'heir', which itself comes from κλῆρος (klēros), meaning 'lot' or 'portion', and νέμω (nemō), meaning 'to distribute' or 'to possess'. Thus, it literally refers to a portion distributed or possessed by lot or inheritance.
G5547
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: khri-STOO
Translations: of Christ, of the Anointed One, of the Messiah
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of 'ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ' (Christos), meaning 'Anointed One' or 'Messiah'. It refers to the one chosen and consecrated by God, particularly Jesus. As a genitive case, 'ΧΡΙΣΤΟΥ' indicates possession, origin, or relationship, often translated as 'of Christ' or 'belonging to Christ'. It can be used to describe something that pertains to Christ or is from Christ.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΜΕΣΣΙΑΣ, ΕΚΛΕΚΤΟΣ
G1242
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: dee-ah-THEH-kee
Translations: covenant, a covenant, testament, a testament, agreement, a will
Notes: This word refers to a solemn agreement or compact, especially one made between God and humans. It can also refer to a last will and testament. In a religious context, it often signifies God's established relationship with His people, as seen in the Old and New Covenants. It is a compound word, formed from 'διά' (dia), meaning 'through' or 'between', and 'τίθημι' (tithemi), meaning 'to place' or 'to set'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative or Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΘΗΚΗ, ΟΡΚΟΣ, ΒΟΥΛΗ
Etymology: The word ΔΙΑΘΗΚΗ is derived from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'between', and the verb τίθημι (tithemi), meaning 'to place' or 'to set'. It originally referred to a disposition or arrangement, particularly a legal one, and evolved to mean a will or a covenant.
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THAY-oo
Translations: of God, of a God
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'ΘΕΟΣ' (theos), meaning 'God' or 'a god'. In Koine Greek, the genitive case often indicates possession, origin, or relationship, similar to the English 'of' or the possessive apostrophe 's'. Therefore, 'ΘΕΟΥ' typically translates to 'of God' or 'of a god', depending on the context. It can refer to the one true God or to a pagan deity.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OOKH
Translations: not, no
Notes: This word is a negative particle, meaning "not" or "no." It is used to negate statements of fact or reality. It is a variant of οὐ (ou) and οὐκ (ouk), specifically used before words that begin with a vowel and a rough breathing mark.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΟΥ̓Κ, ΜΉ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂u- (negative particle). It is related to other negative particles in various Indo-European languages.
G0244
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: al-LAKH-oo
Translations: elsewhere, in another place, to another place
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'elsewhere' or 'in another place'. It is used to indicate a location different from the one currently being discussed or implied. For example, it might be used in a sentence like 'He went elsewhere' or 'It is written elsewhere'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΛΛΟΘΕΝ, ΑΛΛΟΘΙ
Etymology: From the root ΑΛΛΟΣ (allos), meaning 'other', combined with the adverbial suffix -χου, indicating place.
G5207
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: HUI-os
Translations: son, a son
Notes: This word refers to a male offspring, a son. It is a masculine noun and is commonly used to denote a direct descendant or, in a broader sense, someone who shares a close relationship or characteristic with another, such as 'sons of God' or 'sons of disobedience'. It can also refer to a young man or a male child.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΤΕΚΝΟΝ, ΠΑΙΣ
Etymology: From an unused root, probably meaning 'to beget'. It is related to the concept of generation and lineage.
G4771
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: soo
Translations: you
Notes: This word is a personal pronoun meaning 'you' (singular). It is used when addressing a single person directly, typically as the subject of a sentence. It can also be used emphatically to highlight the person being addressed.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Second Person
Etymology: The word 'ΣΥ' is an ancient Greek pronoun, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has been consistently used throughout various stages of the Greek language to refer to the second person singular.
G4594
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: SAY-meh-ron
Translations: today
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'today'. It is used to indicate the current day or the present time. It can be used in sentences to specify when an action takes place, similar to how 'today' is used in English.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From the phrase 'τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ταύτῃ' (tē hēmerā tautē), meaning 'on this day'. It is a compound of the demonstrative pronoun 'σῆ' (sē), an old form of 'τῇ' (tē), and 'ἡμέρᾳ' (hēmerā), meaning 'day'.
G1080
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: geh-GEN-nee-kah
Translations: I have begotten, I have given birth to, I have produced
Notes: This word means 'I have begotten' or 'I have given birth to'. It is a perfect tense verb, indicating an action that was completed in the past but has ongoing results or a continuing state in the present. It is used to describe the act of bringing something into existence, whether literally (like a child) or figuratively (like an idea or a nation).
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Perfect, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΤΙΚΤΩ, ΦΥΩ, ΠΟΙΕΩ
Etymology: The word γεννάω (gennaō) comes from the Greek root γένος (genos), meaning 'race, stock, kin'. It is related to the idea of lineage and procreation.
G0154
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ai-TEE-sai
Translations: ask, request, demand, to ask, to request, to demand
Notes: This word means to ask for something, to request, or to demand. It can be used as a command (ask!) or to express the purpose or result of an action (to ask). It implies a seeking or desiring of something from another.
Inflection: Aorist Active Infinitive or 2nd Person Singular Aorist Active Imperative
Synonyms: ἘΡΩΤΑΩ, ΖΗΤΕΩ
G3844
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix
Sounds like: pa-RAH
Translations: beside, by, near, from, with, at, along, beyond, against, through, in the presence of, alongside, a
Notes: This word functions primarily as a preposition, indicating proximity, origin, or comparison. It can mean 'beside,' 'from,' 'with,' 'at,' or 'alongside,' depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used as a prefix in compound words, it often conveys ideas of proximity, deviation, or intensity, such as 'alongside,' 'beyond,' 'contrary to,' or 'through.'
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΣΥΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *per- (meaning 'forward, through'). It is cognate with English 'for' and 'through'.
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-MOO
Translations: (of) me, my
Notes: This is the genitive case of the first-person singular pronoun 'I'. It indicates possession or origin, functioning similarly to 'of me' or 'my' in English. It is used to show that something belongs to the speaker or comes from the speaker.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, First Person
Synonyms: ΜΟΥ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is the first-person singular pronoun, indicating the speaker.
G1325
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: DOH-soh
Translations: I will give, I will grant, I will bestow, I will put, I will place
Notes: This word is the first person singular future active indicative form of the verb 'δίδωμι' (didomi), meaning 'to give'. It indicates an action that the speaker will perform in the future, such as 'I will give' or 'I will grant'. It is commonly used to express promises, intentions, or future actions of giving or providing something.
Inflection: Future Active Indicative, 1st Person Singular
Synonyms: ΔΩΣΕΙ, ΔΩΣΟΜΕΝ
Etymology: The word 'δίδωμι' (didomi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *deh₃- meaning 'to give'. It is a reduplicated present stem, a common feature in ancient Greek verbs.
G2729
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kah-TAS-kheh-sin
Translations: possession, a possession, property, a property, holding, a holding, occupation, a occupation, inheritance, an inheritance
Notes: This word refers to the act of holding or possessing something, or the thing that is held or possessed. It can denote a physical possession, property, or an inheritance. It is often used in contexts related to land or legal ownership.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΛΗΡΟΝΟΜΙΑ, ΚΤΗΣΙΣ, ΚΑΤΑΚΛΗΡΟΝΟΜΙΑ
G4009
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: peh-RAH-tah
Translations: ends, boundaries, limits, extremities
Notes: This word refers to the outermost points, boundaries, or limits of something. It is often used to describe the 'ends of the earth' or the 'ends of the heavens,' indicating the furthest reaches or extremities of a place or concept.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΡΙΑ, ΤΕΛΗ, ΕΣΧΑΤΑ
Etymology: The word 'ΠΕΡΑΣ' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to pass through, to cross over.' It is related to words signifying passage or completion.
G1093
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: GAYS
Translations: (of) earth, (of) land, (of) ground, (of) world, (of) country, (of) region
Notes: This word refers to the earth, land, or ground. It can denote the physical soil, a specific territory or country, or the entire planet. As a genitive form, it indicates possession, origin, or the material from which something is made, often translated with 'of' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΑΓΡΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΓΗ (gē) comes from Proto-Hellenic *gā́, which itself is from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁- ('earth').
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