Home / Interlinears (Beta) / Justin Martyr / Dialogue with Trypho the Jew / Chapter 9Dialogue with Trypho the Jew, Chapter 9
Interlinear version from Justin Martyr (Beta)
G4782
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: soong-GNO-may
Translations: forgiveness, pardon, a pardon, indulgence, allowance
Notes: This word refers to forgiveness, pardon, or indulgence. It implies a willingness to overlook a fault or an error, or to grant permission or allowance for something. It is often used in contexts where one is asking for or granting leniency or understanding.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΦΕΣΙΣ, ΠΑΡΑΠΤΩΜΑ
Etymology: This word is a compound of the preposition ΣΥΝ (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together with', and ΓΝΩΜΗ (gnome), meaning 'mind', 'judgment', or 'opinion'. Thus, it originally conveyed the idea of 'thinking together with' or 'having the same mind about', evolving to mean 'concession' or 'forgiveness'.
G4771
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: SOY
Translations: (to) you, (for) you, you
Notes: This is the second-person singular dative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'to you' or 'for you'. It can also simply translate as 'you' when the context implies a dative relationship, such as indirect object or a recipient of an action. It is used to indicate the person to whom something is given, said, or done, or for whom an action is performed. For example, 'I give to you' or 'I do this for you'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Second Person
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a very ancient pronoun, found across many Indo-European languages.
G5346
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-FAYN
Translations: I said, he said, she said, it said
Notes: This is the first aorist active indicative form of the verb 'φημί' (phēmi), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to report what someone said in the past, often translated as 'I said' or 'he/she/it said' depending on the context. It can refer to a specific utterance or a general statement made previously.
Inflection: First Aorist, Active, Indicative, Singular, First or Third Person
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΕΙΠΩΝ, ΛΑΛΕΩ
Etymology: The verb φημί (phēmi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeh₂- meaning 'to speak, tell, say'. It is related to Latin fari ('to speak') and English 'ban' (in the sense of proclamation).
G5599
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Part of Speech: Interjection
Sounds like: OH
Translations: O, Oh
Notes: This word is an interjection used for direct address, exclamation, or to express strong emotion such as wonder, lament, or appeal. It often precedes a noun in the vocative case, indicating a direct address to someone or something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European.
G0444
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: AN-throh-peh
Translations: man, O man, human being, person
Notes: This word refers to a human being, a man, or mankind in general. It is used in the vocative case, which is used for direct address, similar to calling out to someone. Therefore, it often translates as 'O man!' or simply 'man!' when addressing someone directly.
Inflection: Singular, Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΝΗΡ, ΒΡΟΤΟΣ, ΘΝΗΤΟΣ
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G863
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-feh-THEY-ee-ay
Translations: let it be forgiven, let it be released, let it be sent away, let it be dismissed
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'aphiēmi', meaning to send away, dismiss, release, or forgive. In this specific form, it expresses a wish or a command for something to be forgiven or released, often used in a context of granting pardon or absolution. It implies a passive action, where the subject is the one being forgiven or released.
Inflection: Aorist, Optative, Passive, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΣΥΓΧΩΡΕΩ, ἈΠΟΛΥΩ
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OO
Translations: not, no
Notes: ΟΥ̓ is a negative particle used to express a factual negation. It typically negates verbs in the indicative mood, stating that something is not true or does not happen. It can also negate other parts of speech. When combined with ΜΉ (ou mē), it forms a very strong negation, meaning "by no means" or "never."
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ, ΟΥ̓Κ, ΟΥ̓ΧΊ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a fundamental negative particle in Greek.
G1063
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: gar
Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.
G1492
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: OY-das
Translations: you know, you understand
Notes: This word means 'you know' or 'you understand'. It is a perfect tense verb form that is used with a present meaning, indicating a state of knowing or having knowledge. It is used when addressing a single person directly.
Inflection: 2nd Person, Singular, Perfect, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΕΠΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ
Etymology: The word ΟΙΔΑ (oida) is an ancient Greek perfect tense verb with a present meaning, meaning 'to know'. It is related to the Proto-Indo-European root *weid-, meaning 'to see' or 'to know'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter
Sounds like: OH
Translations: the, who, which, O
Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)
Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: LEH-gays
Translations: you say, you speak, you tell
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to say,' 'to speak,' or 'to tell.' It is used when addressing a single person directly, indicating that 'you' are performing the action of speaking or saying something. It describes an ongoing or habitual action in the present time.
Inflection: Second Person, Singular, Present, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΦΗΜΙ, ΕΡΩ
G0235
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: AL-lah
Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed
Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.
G3982
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: PEY-thoh-me-nos
Translations: obeying, being persuaded, trusting, yielding, a trusting one, an obeying one
Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle of the verb 'ΠΕΙΘΩ' (peithō), meaning 'to persuade' or 'to trust'. As a participle, it describes someone who is in the process of being persuaded, obeying, or trusting. It can function adjectivally, describing a noun, or adverbially, indicating the manner or cause of an action. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'the one obeying' or 'by obeying'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Present, Middle or Passive, Participle
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΚΟΥΩΝ, ΠΙΣΤΕΥΩΝ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toys
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: ΤΟΙΣ is the dative plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, but specifically indicates the indirect object or the recipient of an action, or location/instrument when used with a dative noun. It can be used with masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns in the plural.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into the definite article in Greek.
G1320
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: dee-DAS-kah-loys
Translations: (to) teachers, (to) masters, (to) instructors
Notes: This word refers to teachers, masters, or instructors. It is used to describe those who impart knowledge or provide guidance. In the provided examples, it is used in the dative case, indicating that something is being done 'to' or 'for' these teachers.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΑΘΗΓΗΤΗΣ, ΠΑΙΔΑΓΩΓΟΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection
Sounds like: OY
Translations: the, who, they, oh
Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.
Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.
G4920
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: soon-ee-AH-see
Translations: they understand, they comprehend, they perceive, they know
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition σύν (syn, meaning 'with' or 'together') and the verb ἵημι (hiēmi, meaning 'to send' or 'to throw'). Together, it means to 'put together' or 'bring together' in the mind, hence to understand or comprehend. It is used to describe the act of grasping the meaning or significance of something, often implying a deeper insight than mere hearing.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Present, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΜΑΝΘΑΝΩ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAS
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑΣ is the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a particular noun, similar to 'the' in English. This specific form is used when the noun it modifies is feminine, plural, and in the accusative case, indicating the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Feminine, Plural, Accusative
G1124
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: grah-FAS
Translations: writings, scriptures, a writing, a scripture
Notes: This word refers to writings or documents, often specifically to the sacred scriptures. It is used to denote written records, letters, or any form of written communication. In a religious context, it frequently refers to the Old Testament or the entire body of sacred texts.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΒΙΒΛΙΑ, ΕΠΙΣΤΟΛΑΙ
Etymology: The word ΓΡΑΦΗ (graphē) comes from the verb γράφω (graphō), meaning 'to write'. It refers to the act or result of writing.
G643
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ah-poh-man-TEV-oh-men-os
Translations: divining, prophesying, foretelling
Notes: This word is a compound participle, formed from 'ἀπό' (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and 'μαντεύομαι' (manteuomai), meaning 'to prophesy' or 'to divine'. It describes someone who is in the act of divining, prophesying, or foretelling events, often implying a revelation or prediction coming from a source. It is used to indicate an action that is ongoing or continuous.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular
Synonyms: ΜΑΝΤΕΥΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΦΗΤΕΥΩ
G5101
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TEE
Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing
Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.
G0302
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: AHN
Translations: if, ever, might, would, should
Notes: This word is a particle used to express contingency, possibility, or potentiality. It does not have a direct English equivalent but modifies the meaning of the verb it accompanies, often indicating that an action is dependent on a condition or is hypothetical. It is frequently used with the subjunctive or optative moods to form conditional clauses or express indefinite temporal or relative clauses.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The origin of this particle is uncertain, but it is believed to be an ancient particle in Greek, possibly related to the concept of 'on' or 'up' in some contexts, though its primary function became conditional.
G1909
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: eh-PEE
Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to
Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.
G2372
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THOO-mon
Translations: wrath, anger, passion, indignation
Notes: This word refers to a strong, often intense, emotional state. It can denote a passionate outburst, a fit of anger, or a settled indignation. It is often used to describe divine wrath or human rage, and can imply a boiling agitation of the feelings.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΡΓΗ, ΧΟΛΗ, ΜΗΝΙΣ
G2064
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EL-thoy
Translations: may he come, may she come, may it come, let him come, let her come, let it come
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'to come' or 'to go'. It is in the optative mood, which expresses a wish, a possibility, or a potential action. In this specific form, it indicates a wish or a potential for a third person singular subject (he, she, or it) to come.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Optative, Active
Synonyms: ΗΚΩ, ΒΑΙΝΩ
G1519, G1487, G1488
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb
Sounds like: E
Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are
Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).
G1161
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: DEH
Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however
Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.
G1014
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: boo-LOI-oh
Translations: you might wish, you might want, you might intend, you might desire
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to wish', 'to want', 'to intend', or 'to desire'. It is used to express a potential or hypothetical wish or intention, often in a polite or less direct manner than a direct command or statement of will. It is a common verb in Koine Greek.
Inflection: 2nd Person, Singular, Present Tense, Optative Mood, Middle or Passive Voice
Synonyms: ΘΕΛΩ, ΕΠΙΘΥΜΩ
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOO-too
Translations: of this, of him, of it
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the demonstrative pronoun 'this' or 'he/she/it'. It indicates possession or origin, often translated as 'of this' or 'of him/it', and is used to point out something specific that has already been mentioned or is understood from context.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΥ
G4012
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PEH-ree
Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.
Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself
Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.
G1209
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: deh-XAS-thai
Translations: to receive, to accept, to welcome, to take, to take up
Notes: This word is the aorist infinitive form of the verb 'δέχoμαι' (dechomai). It means to receive, accept, or welcome something or someone. It can be used in various contexts, such as receiving a gift, accepting a teaching, or welcoming a guest. It implies a willing and often hospitable reception.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle/Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΥΠΟΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΣΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ
G3056
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: LOH-gon
Translations: word, a word, message, a message, account, an account, reason, a reason, saying, a saying
Notes: This word refers to a word, message, statement, or account. It can also denote reason, speech, or a divine utterance. In a sentence, it often functions as the direct object, indicating what is being spoken, heard, or discussed.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΡΗΜΑ, ΕΠΟΣ, ΜΥΘΟΣ
G5613
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition
Sounds like: OHS
Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that
Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.
G4105
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pep-lah-NEE-meh-thah
Translations: we have been led astray, we have erred, we have been deceived, we have gone astray
Notes: This word describes a state of having been led away from the truth or the right path, either intentionally or unintentionally. It implies a past action that resulted in a present state of error or deception. It is used to express that a group of people (we) have been caused to wander or stray.
Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Indicative, 1st Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΠΛΑΝΑΩ, ΠΑΡΑΠΛΑΝΑΩ
G3761
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction
Sounds like: oo-DEH
Translations: not even, neither, nor, and not
Notes: This is a compound word formed from the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the conjunction 'δέ' (but, and). It is used to emphasize a negation, meaning 'not even' or 'neither/nor'. It can connect clauses or phrases, indicating that something is also not true or not happening. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'He did not go, nor did he send anyone.'
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΜΗΔΕ, ΜΗ
Etymology: From the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the postpositive conjunction 'δέ' (but, and).
G3973
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pow-SOH-me-tha
Translations: we will cease, we will stop, we will desist, we will refrain
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to cease,' 'to stop,' 'to desist,' or 'to refrain.' It is used to indicate that a group of people (specifically 'we') will bring an action or state to an end. It implies a future action of stopping something.
Inflection: First Person Plural, Future, Middle/Passive, Indicative
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΠΑΥΩ, ΛΗΓΩ, ΠΑΥΟΜΑΙ
G3670
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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)
Sounds like: oh-mo-lo-GOON-tes
Translations: confessing, acknowledging, professing, agreeing, admitting
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'confessing' or 'acknowledging'. It describes someone who is in the act of making a confession, agreement, or profession. It can be used to describe people who are openly declaring their beliefs or admitting something.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΕΞΟΜΟΛΟΓΕΩ, ΟΜΟΦΩΝΕΩ
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TOO-ton
Translations: this, this one, him, it
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, used to point out something specific that is near in proximity, time, or thought, or something that has just been mentioned. As a pronoun, it can stand in for a noun, meaning 'this one' or 'him/it'. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, meaning 'this' (e.g., 'this house'). In this form, it is masculine singular and in the accusative case, meaning it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΝ
G2532, G0302
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle
Sounds like: KAN
Translations: even if, although, and if, even though, if, though
Notes: ΚἈΝ is a compound word, formed by the contraction of the conjunction ΚΑΙ (and, also, even) and the particle ἈΝ (a conditional or potential particle). It is used to introduce a conditional clause, often with a concessive sense, meaning 'even if' or 'although'. It can also simply mean 'and if' or 'if' in certain contexts, indicating a hypothetical situation.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕἸ ΚΑΙ, ΚΑΙΠΕΡ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.
G1537
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: ex
Translations: out of, from, of, by, with
Notes: ἘΞ is a preposition that signifies origin, separation, or source. It always governs the genitive case. It can denote movement 'out of' a place, 'from' a point in time or a source, 'of' a material or composition, or 'by' an agent. It often implies a complete separation or a clear point of departure.
Inflection: Does not inflect; always takes the genitive case.
Synonyms: ΑΠΟ, ΕΚ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is cognate with Latin ex and English out.
G0444
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ahn-throh-POHN
Translations: (of) men, (of) people, (of) humankind
Notes: ἈΝΘΡΩΠΩΝ is the genitive plural form of the noun ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ, which means 'man', 'human being', or 'person'. This form is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship, translating to 'of men' or 'of people'. It refers to human beings in general, often distinguishing them from God or other creatures.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΒΡΟΤΟΣ, ΛΑΟΣ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek, likely a compound of ἀνήρ (anēr, 'man') and ὤψ (ōps, 'face, eye'), possibly meaning 'one who looks up' or 'one with a human face'.
G2254
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: HEE-meen
Translations: (to) us, (for) us, us
Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the first-person plural pronoun 'we'. It is used to indicate the indirect object of a verb, meaning 'to us' or 'for us'. It can also signify possession or benefit/detriment for 'us'. For example, it might be used in a sentence like 'He gave the book to us' or 'This is good for us'.
Inflection: First Person, Plural, Dative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to the first-person plural pronoun in other Indo-European languages.
G2018
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-pee-FEH-ron-tai
Translations: they bring upon, they bring against, they inflict, they add, they impose
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἐπί (epi, meaning 'upon' or 'against') and the verb φέρω (pherō, meaning 'to bear' or 'to carry'). It generally means to bring something upon or against someone or something, to inflict, or to add. It can be used in various contexts, such as bringing charges against someone, inflicting punishment, or adding something to a statement or action.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Subjunctive, 3rd Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΑΓΩ, ΕΠΙΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΠΡΟΣΤΙΘΗΜΙ
G3681
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: oh-NEH-dee
Translations: reproaches, insults, disgrace, shame, taunts
Notes: This word refers to verbal abuse, insults, or the state of being disgraced or shamed. It can be used to describe the reproaches or taunts directed at someone, or the shame that results from a particular action or situation.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΥΒΡΕΙΣ, ΑΙΣΧΥΝΗ, ΚΑΤΑΙΣΧΥΝΗ
Etymology: The word ὈΝΕΙΔΟΣ (oneidos) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the concept of 'blame' or 'reproach'.
G1169
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: day-noh-TAH-tos
Translations: most terrible, most dreadful, most formidable, most clever, most skilled, most able
Notes: This word is the superlative form of the adjective 'δεινός' (deinos), meaning 'terrible', 'dreadful', 'formidable', 'clever', or 'skilled'. As a superlative, it indicates the highest degree of these qualities, meaning 'most terrible', 'most dreadful', 'most formidable', 'most clever', or 'most skilled'. It describes something or someone possessing these attributes to an extreme extent.
Inflection: Superlative, Masculine, Nominative, Singular
Synonyms: ΦΟΒΕΡΩΤΑΤΟΣ, ΙΣΧΥΡΟΤΑΤΟΣ, ΣΟΦΩΤΑΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word 'δεινός' (deinos) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to fear' or 'to be afraid'. It developed in Greek to describe things that inspire fear or awe, and by extension, things that are powerful, formidable, or remarkably skilled.
G0550
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-peh-PEI-in
Translations: to renounce, to reject, to forbid, to refuse, to give up, to declare off
Notes: This verb means to speak away from, to renounce, or to reject something. It can also mean to forbid or to give up. It is often used in contexts where someone is declaring their separation from or refusal of something.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ἈΠΟΤΑΣΣΩ, ἈΠΟΚΗΡΥΣΣΩ, ἈΡΝΕΟΜΑΙ
G0031
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-nang-KAH-zee
Translations: he compels, he forces, he urges, he necessitates
Notes: This word means to compel, force, or urge someone to do something. It describes an action where one person or circumstance exerts pressure on another, making a particular action necessary or unavoidable. It can be used in various contexts, from physical compulsion to moral persuasion.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present Tense, Active Voice, Indicative Mood
Synonyms: ΒΙΑΖΩ, ΠΕΙΘΩ, ΠΡΟΤΡΕΠΩ
G5177
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: too-RAH-noss
Translations: tyrant, a tyrant, ruler, despot
Notes: This word refers to a ruler who holds absolute power, often one who has seized power unconstitutionally. While in modern English 'tyrant' carries a negative connotation of oppressive rule, in ancient Greek, especially initially, it could simply refer to a powerful ruler or monarch, without necessarily implying cruelty or injustice. It is used to describe a powerful individual in authority.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ, ΔΥΝΑΣΤΗΣ, ΑΥΤΟΚΡΑΤΩΡ
Etymology: The word 'tyrannos' is of pre-Greek origin, likely from an Anatolian language. It entered Greek during the Archaic period and originally referred to an absolute ruler, often one who came to power outside of hereditary succession.
G3936
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: par-es-TOH-tee
Translations: to one standing by, for one standing by, to one present, for one present, to one attending, for one attending
Notes: This word is a dative singular form of a participle derived from the verb 'παρίστημι' (paristēmi), meaning 'to stand by,' 'to be present,' or 'to attend.' It describes someone who is in the act of standing near or being present. As a dative case, it indicates the indirect object of an action, meaning 'to' or 'for' the person described by the participle.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter, Perfect Active Participle
Synonyms: ΕΝΕΣΤΩΤΙ, ΠΑΡΟΝΤΙ
G1166
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: DEEK-soh
Translations: I will show, I will point out, I will display, I will make known
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to show,' 'to point out,' 'to display,' or 'to make known.' It is used to indicate an action that will happen in the future, specifically by the speaker. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'I will show you the way.'
Inflection: Future, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΚΑΛΥΨΩ, ΦΑΝΕΡΩΣΩ
G3754
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OH-tee
Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which
Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ
Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.
G2756
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: KEH-noys
Translations: (to) empty, (to) vain, (to) foolish, (to) worthless, (to) void, (to) hollow
Notes: This word describes something as empty, vain, or worthless. It can refer to a physical emptiness, a lack of substance, or a metaphorical emptiness, such as vain thoughts or foolish ideas. It is often used to describe things that are without purpose or value. In the provided examples, it modifies nouns like 'will' (βουλήμασιν) and 'words' (ρήμασιν), indicating that they are empty or vain.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΜΑΤΑΙΟΣ, ΑΝΩΦΕΛΗΣ, ΑΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ
G4100
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ep-is-TEV-sa-men
Translations: we believed, we trusted, we had faith
Notes: This word means 'we believed' or 'we trusted'. It is the first person plural aorist active indicative form of the verb 'to believe' or 'to trust'. It describes an action of believing or trusting that occurred in the past and was completed.
Inflection: First Person Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΠΕΠΟΙΘΑΜΕΝ, ΕΠΕΠΕΙΣΜΕΘΑ
G3454
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: MOO-thoys
Translations: to myth, to story, to fable, to tale, to word, to account
Notes: This word refers to a myth, story, fable, or tale. In Koine Greek, it can also refer to a word or an account. It is used here in the dative plural, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΛΟΓΟΙ, ΔΙΗΓΗΜΑΤΑ, ΠΑΡΑΒΟΛΑΙ
Etymology: From an uncertain root, possibly related to μύω (myō, 'to close the lips'), suggesting something spoken in a low voice or whispered. It refers to a spoken word or narrative.
G0423
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-nah-poh-DEIK-tois
Translations: to indemonstrable, to unprovable, to things without proof
Notes: This is a compound word meaning 'indemonstrable' or 'incapable of being proved'. It describes something that cannot be shown or demonstrated to be true. It is used to refer to things that lack evidence or proof.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter
Etymology: The word is a compound of three parts: ἀν- (an-), a negative prefix meaning 'un-' or 'not'; ἀποδεικτικός (apodeiktikos), meaning 'demonstrable' or 'provable'; and the suffix -τος (-tos), forming an adjective. Thus, it literally means 'not demonstrable'.
G3056
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: LOH-goys
Translations: (to) words, (to) sayings, (to) accounts, (to) messages, (to) reasons, (to) doctrines
Notes: This word refers to words, sayings, accounts, or messages. It is the dative plural form of the noun 'logos', indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'by' or 'with' in English, depending on the context. It can refer to spoken or written words, a statement, a discourse, or even a divine utterance.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΡΗΜΑΣΙΝ, ΕΠΕΣΙΝ, ΜΥΘΟΙΣ
G3324
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: MES-toys
Translations: full, filled, laden, full of
Notes: This word describes something that is full or filled with something else. It is often used with the genitive case to indicate what it is full of. For example, 'full of wisdom' or 'full of joy'.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΠΛΗΡΗΣ, ΓΕΜΩΝ
G4151
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PNEV-mah-tos
Translations: of spirit, of a spirit, of wind, of breath, of the Spirit
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'πνεῦμα' (pneuma). It refers to a spirit, wind, or breath. In a theological context, it often refers to the Holy Spirit. As a genitive case, it typically indicates possession, origin, or relationship, often translated with 'of' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter
G2304
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: THAY-oo
Translations: divine, godly, sacred, of God, a divine being, a god
Notes: This word describes something as divine, godly, or sacred, pertaining to God or a god. It can be used to describe laws, power, or nature as being from a divine source. It can also function as a noun, referring to a divine being or a god.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΙΕΡΟΣ, ΘΕΟΠΡΕΠΗΣ, ΑΓΙΟΣ
G1411
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: DY-na-me
Translations: (by) power, (by) strength, (by) ability, (by) might, (by) force, (by) miracle
Notes: This word refers to inherent power, strength, or ability. It can also denote miraculous power or a specific miracle. In this form, it is typically used to indicate the means or instrument by which something is done, often translated with 'by' or 'in'. It is a compound word, but its root is a single word.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΙ, ΚΡΑΤΕΙ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑΙ
G1032
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: BRY-oo-see
Translations: to gush, to abound, to teem, to flow, to be full of
Notes: This word describes something that is gushing forth, overflowing, or teeming with something. It implies a rich abundance or a vigorous outpouring. It can be used to describe a spring gushing water, or a place teeming with life, or even a person overflowing with words or emotions.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Plural
Synonyms: ΠΛΗΘΥΝΩ, ΠΛΗΡΟΩ, ΠΕΡΙΣΣΕΥΩ
G2326
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: te-THEE-loh-see
Translations: they have flourished, they have bloomed, they have grown, they have prospered
Notes: This word is a verb in the perfect active indicative, third person plural. It describes a state of having flourished, bloomed, or grown. It can be used to describe plants that have come into full bloom, or metaphorically, people or things that have prospered and are in a thriving state.
Inflection: Perfect, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΑΥΞΑΝΩ, ΒΛΑΣΤΑΝΩ, ΕΥΔΟΚΙΜΕΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *dʰelh₁- ('to bloom, sprout').
G5485
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHA-ree-tee
Translations: to grace, to favor, to kindness, to goodwill, to thanks, to gratitude, to a gift, to a blessing
Notes: This word refers to grace, favor, kindness, or a gift. It is often used in a theological sense to describe God's unmerited favor towards humanity. It can also refer to human kindness, charm, or gratitude. In this form, it indicates the indirect object of an action, meaning 'to grace' or 'by grace'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΥΧΑΡΙΣΤΙΑ, ΔΩΡΟΝ, ΕΛΕΟΣ
G0380
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-neh-geh-LAH-san
Translations: they laughed aloud, they burst out laughing, they laughed uproariously
Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from ἀνά (ana, 'up, again') and γελάω (gelaō, 'to laugh'). It means to laugh aloud, to burst out laughing, or to laugh uproariously. It describes a sudden, often loud, outburst of laughter. It is typically used in the third person plural past tense, indicating that a group of people laughed in this manner.
Inflection: Aorist Indicative, Active Voice, Third Person Plural
Synonyms: ΓΕΛΑΩ, ΕΚΓΕΛΑΩ
G3767
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: OON
Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed
Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.
G3825
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: PAH-lin
Translations: again, back, anew, once more, on the other hand, moreover, in turn
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'again' or 'back'. It is used to indicate a repetition of an action or a return to a previous state or place. It can also be used to introduce a contrasting idea, similar to 'on the other hand' or 'moreover'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΥΘΙΣ, ΕΤΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kwel- (to turn, revolve). It refers to a turning back or repetition.
G3326
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: MEH-tah
Translations: with, after, among, behind, by, in company with, in pursuit of, according to
Notes: This word is a preposition that can also function as an adverb. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it usually means 'after' or 'behind' (indicating sequence or pursuit). It can also denote a change of state or position.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases)
Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΡΟΣ
Etymology: The word 'μετά' (meta) comes from Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is related to English 'mid' and 'middle'.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOO
Translations: (of) him, his, (of) it, its
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun. In this genitive singular form, it typically means 'of him,' 'his,' 'of it,' or 'its,' indicating possession or origin. It can refer to a male person or a neuter object/concept.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ (autos) is of uncertain origin, possibly from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'self'. It is an ancient Greek word that has been in continuous use.
G0001
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-KOS-mon
Translations: unseemly, disorderly, indecent, an unseemly thing, a disorderly thing
Notes: This word describes something that is out of order, lacking proper arrangement, or contrary to what is fitting or decent. It can refer to behavior, appearance, or a situation that is inappropriate or chaotic. It is often used to describe something that is not in harmony with established norms or expectations.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΤΑΚΤΟΣ, ΑΠΡΕΠΗΣ
Etymology: The word ΑΚΟΣΜΟΣ is a compound word formed from the privative alpha (α-) meaning 'not' or 'without', and ΚΟΣΜΟΣ (KOSMOS), meaning 'order', 'arrangement', or 'decorum'. Thus, it literally means 'without order' or 'disordered'.
G0339
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-nef-THEG-gon-toh
Translations: they spoke out, they uttered, they declared
Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the prefix ἀνά (ana, meaning 'up' or 'again') and φθέγγομαι (phtheggomai, meaning 'to utter a sound' or 'to speak'). It means to speak out, utter, or declare something, often with emphasis or in a public manner. It describes the act of vocalizing or expressing oneself clearly.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Indicative, Middle/Passive Voice
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΦΩΝΕΩ, ΕΙΠΟΝ
Etymology: The word ἀναφθέγγομαι is derived from the prefix ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'again', and the verb φθέγγομαι (phtheggomai), meaning 'to utter a sound' or 'to speak'. The root φθέγγομαι is related to the sound of a voice or an utterance.
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-GOH
Translations: I, me
Notes: ἘΓΩ is the first-person singular personal pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning "I" or "me." It refers to the speaker and functions primarily as the subject of a sentence. While the first-person singular verb ending often makes the pronoun redundant, ἘΓΩ is frequently used for emphasis, similar to saying "I myself" or "even I" in English. It can also be used to clarify the subject when multiple individuals are involved.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Nominative
Etymology: This word is an ancient pronoun, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has cognates in many Indo-European languages, reflecting a shared linguistic heritage.
G0450
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ah-na-STAS
Translations: having risen, having stood up, rising, standing up, getting up
Notes: This word is a masculine, singular, nominative participle derived from the verb ἀνίστημι (anistēmi), meaning 'to rise' or 'to stand up'. As a participle, it describes an action performed by the subject of the main verb, often indicating an action that has already occurred or is occurring concurrently. It can be translated as 'having risen' or 'standing up', depending on the context.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist Active Participle
Synonyms: ΕΓΕΙΡΩ, ΟΡΘΟΣ
G3634
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun
Sounds like: OY-oss
Translations: such as, of what sort, what kind of, what a, as, alone, only
Notes: This word is an adjective or pronoun meaning 'such as' or 'of what sort'. It is used to describe the quality or nature of something, often in a comparative sense. It can also mean 'alone' or 'only' when used in certain constructions, particularly with forms of the verb 'to be', indicating capability or singularity.
Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular
Synonyms: ΟἹΟΣ, ΟἹΟΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *yos, a relative pronoun stem. It is related to other Greek words indicating relation or comparison.
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Part of Speech: Letter
Sounds like: TAF
Translations: Tau
Notes: Τ (tau) is the 19th letter of the Greek alphabet. In the Greek numeral system, it represents the number 300. It is also known for its symbolic significance, particularly as a cross-like shape.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The letter Tau is derived from the Phoenician letter taw, which meant 'mark' or 'sign'. It is the last letter of the Phoenician alphabet.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: AY-main
Translations: I was, I used to be
Notes: This word is the first person singular imperfect indicative form of the verb 'to be'. It describes an ongoing or continuous action in the past, or a state of being that existed over a period of time in the past. It is used to state what someone was or what their condition was.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Imperfect, Indicative, Active
G0565
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ap-ER-khes-thai
Translations: to go away, to depart, to go off, to leave, to return
Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the prefix ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. Therefore, it literally means 'to go away from' or 'to depart'. It is used to describe the act of leaving a place or person, or going off to a different location. It can also imply returning to a previous state or place.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive Voice, Infinitive
Synonyms: ἈΝΑΧΩΡΕΩ, ΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ὙΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ
Etymology: The word ἀπέρχομαι (aperchomai) is derived from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'.
G1700
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: moo
Translations: of me, my, mine
Notes: ΜΟΥ is the genitive singular form of the first-person personal pronoun, meaning "of me," "my," or "mine." It indicates possession or origin, similar to how "my" or "mine" is used in English. It can be used with nouns to show ownership (e.g., "my house") or with verbs to indicate the source or object of an action (e.g., "he heard of me").
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Common Gender
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G2440
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: hee-MA-tee-oo
Translations: of a garment, of clothing, of a cloak, of a robe, of a coat
Notes: This word refers to a piece of clothing, often an outer garment like a cloak, robe, or coat. It is used in the genitive case, indicating possession or relationship, so it often translates as 'of a garment' or 'belonging to a garment'. It can refer to clothing in general or a specific article of clothing.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΝΔΥΜΑ, ΧΙΤΩΝ, ΣΤΟΛΗ
G2983
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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)
Sounds like: lah-bo-MEH-nos
Translations: taking, having taken, receiving, having received, seizing, having seized, laying hold of, having laid hold of
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action performed by the subject. It often implies the action of 'taking hold of' or 'grasping' something, and can be translated as 'taking' or 'having taken' depending on the context. When followed by a genitive case, it means 'to lay hold of' or 'to seize'.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΕΧΟΜΕΝΟΣ, ΚΡΑΤΩΝ, ΔΕΧΟΜΕΝΟΣ
G4250
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction
Sounds like: PRIN
Translations: before, sooner, until, ere
Notes: This word functions as an adverb or a conjunction, indicating a point in time prior to another event or action. As an adverb, it means 'before' or 'sooner'. As a conjunction, it means 'before' or 'until', often introducing a clause that describes an event that has not yet happened. It is frequently used with an infinitive or a subjunctive verb.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *per- (forward, through). It is related to the preposition πρό (pro, before).
G0447
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-NEE-seen
Translations: to let go, to relax, to loosen, to give up, to neglect, to abandon, to cease, to remit
Notes: This word means to let go, relax, or loosen. It can also imply giving up, neglecting, or abandoning something. In a broader sense, it can mean to cease an action or to remit (forgive) a debt or punishment. It is often used in contexts where something is released from tension or control.
Inflection: Present Active Infinitive
Synonyms: ἈΦΙΗΜΙ, ΧΑΛΑΩ, ἈΝΙΣΧΩ
G5346
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EH-fay
Translations: he said, she said, it said, he spoke, she spoke, it spoke
Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist indicative active form of the verb 'φημί' (phēmi), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to report what someone said or spoke in the past, often translated as 'he said' or 'she said'. It can be used in various contexts to introduce direct or indirect speech.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΕΙΠΕΝ
G5293
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: hoo-pes-KHO-mehn
Translations: I promised, I undertook, I engaged
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'I promised' or 'I undertook'. It describes an action where someone made a commitment or gave their word to do something. It is often used in contexts where a pledge or an agreement is being made.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Middle Voice
Synonyms: ΟΜΟΛΟΓΕΩ, ΕΠΑΓΓΕΛΛΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ὑπό (hypó, 'under') and ἴσχω (ískhō, 'to hold, to have'). The idea is to 'hold oneself under' an obligation or promise.
G1660
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ek-teh-LEH-sai
Translations: to complete, to finish, to accomplish, to perform, to carry out
Notes: This word means to bring something to an end, to complete a task, or to carry out a command. It implies the successful conclusion or fulfillment of an action or process. It is often used in contexts where a duty or a promise is being fulfilled.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΤΕΛΕΩ, ΠΛΗΡΟΩ, ΕΠΙΤΕΛΕΩ
Etymology: The word ἘΚΤΕΛΈΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition ἘΚ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb ΤΕΛΈΩ (teleō), meaning 'to finish' or 'to bring to an end'.
G3361
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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb
Sounds like: MAY
Translations: not, lest, no, do not
Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.
G2350
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: thor-y-BEY-toh-san
Translations: let them make a commotion, let them be disturbed, let them be troubled, let them make a noise, let them cause an uproar
Notes: This word means to make a commotion, to be disturbed, or to cause an uproar. It describes a state of noisy confusion or agitation, often involving a crowd or group of people. It is used to command or permit a group to engage in such behavior.
Inflection: Third Person Plural, Aorist, Imperative, Active
Synonyms: ΤΑΡΑΣΣΩ, ΣΥΓΧΕΩ
G2083
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: eh-TAI-roi
Translations: companions, friends, associates, partners
Notes: This word refers to companions, friends, or associates. It is used to describe people who are together, often sharing a common purpose or activity. It can also refer to partners in a business or venture.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΦΙΛΟΙ, ΣΥΝΕΡΓΟΙ, ΣΥΝΟΔΟΙ
G4771
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Part of Speech: Personal Pronoun
Sounds like: soo
Translations: of you, your, yours
Notes: ΣΟΥ is the genitive singular form of the second-person personal pronoun 'you'. It indicates possession or relationship, similar to 'your' or 'of you' in English. It can be used to show that something belongs to the person being addressed, or to indicate the object of certain prepositions or verbs that take the genitive case.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, All genders
G3366
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: MEE-deh
Translations: neither, nor, not even, and not
Notes: ΜΗΔΕ is a compound word formed from the negative particle μή (mē, 'not') and the conjunction δέ (de, 'but, and'). It is used to introduce a negative clause, often following another negative clause, conveying the sense of 'neither...nor' or 'not even'. It is primarily used with non-indicative moods, such as the imperative or subjunctive, to express prohibitions or negative conditions.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕ
Etymology: ΜΗΔΕ is a compound word derived from the negative particle μή (mē), meaning 'not', and the postpositive conjunction δέ (de), meaning 'but' or 'and'.
G0807
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: as-khee-moh-NEH-toh-san
Translations: let them act unbecomingly, let them behave improperly, let them be indecent
Notes: This word describes an action that is unseemly, indecent, or improper. It refers to behaving in a way that lacks decorum or is disgraceful. The form given is a command or exhortation for a group of people to act in such a manner.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Present, Active, Imperative
Synonyms: ἈΣΧΗΜΟΝΕΩ, ἈΣΧΗΜΟΣΥΝΗ, ἈΠΡΕΠΗΣ
Etymology: The word ἈΣΧΗΜΟΝΕΩ is derived from the Greek prefix ἀ- (a-), meaning 'not' or 'without', and σχῆμα (schēma), meaning 'form', 'figure', or 'outward appearance'. Thus, it literally means 'without form' or 'without proper appearance', leading to the sense of acting improperly or indecently.
G3779
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OO-tohs
Translations: thus, so, in this way, in such a way
Notes: This adverb indicates manner or degree, meaning 'in this way,' 'thus,' or 'so.' It can refer back to something previously mentioned or forward to something about to be stated. It often introduces a consequence or result, showing how something is done or to what extent.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΩΣ
Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun ΟΥΤΟΣ (OUTOS), meaning 'this' or 'that'.
G0243
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Part of Speech: Prefix
Sounds like: ALL
Translations: other, another, different, foreign
Notes: This is a prefix form of the word 'ἄλλος' (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to form compound words that convey the idea of something being different, foreign, or belonging to another group. For example, 'ἀλλογενῶν' means 'of other races', 'ἀλλότριοι' means 'strangers' or 'foreigners', and 'ἀλλόφυλους' means 'foreigners' or 'of another tribe'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix)
Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.
G3303
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: MEN
Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however
Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.
G1014
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: boo-LON-tai
Translations: they want, they wish, they desire
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to want', 'to wish', or 'to desire'. It is used to express a strong inclination or intention. For example, it can be used in sentences like 'they want to go' or 'they wish for peace'.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΘΕΛΩ, ΕΠΙΘΥΜΩ
G3326
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: MEH-tah
Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides
Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.
G2271
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: hay-soo-KHEE-as
Translations: of quietness, of rest, of silence, of peace, of tranquility
Notes: This word refers to a state of quietness, rest, or tranquility. It can describe a peaceful or undisturbed condition, often implying a lack of commotion or agitation. It is used to speak about the quality or state of being calm.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΠΑΥΣΙΣ, ΕΙΡΗΝΗ, ΓΑΛΗΝΗ
G191
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ak-roh-AS-thoh-san
Translations: let them hear, let them listen, let them obey
Notes: This word means to hear, listen, or obey. It is often used in the sense of giving careful attention to what is being said, implying a readiness to act upon what is heard. It can also carry the nuance of obeying or submitting to what is heard.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Imperative, Middle Voice
Synonyms: ΑΚΟΥΕΤΩΣΑΝ, ΥΠΑΚΟΥΕΤΩΣΑΝ
Etymology: From ἀκροάομαι (akroaomai), meaning 'to listen to, hear'. It is related to ἀκροάομαι (akroaomai), which comes from ἄκρος (akros), meaning 'highest, outermost', suggesting a focus on the 'edge' or 'point' of hearing.
G0770
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: as-kho-LEE-ah
Translations: lack of leisure, occupation, business, trouble, difficulty, a lack of leisure, an occupation, a business, a trouble, a difficulty
Notes: This word refers to the state of being occupied or busy, often implying a lack of leisure or freedom. It can also denote a specific business, task, or trouble that one is engaged in. It is used to describe a situation where someone is not free or at ease due to their commitments or difficulties.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΡΓΟΝ, ΠΡΑΓΜΑ, ΚΟΠΟΣ
Etymology: The word ἈΣΧΟΛΙΑ is derived from the alpha privative (ἀ-) meaning 'not' or 'without', combined with the word σχολή (scholē), which means 'leisure' or 'school'. Thus, it literally means 'without leisure'.
G5101
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Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective
Sounds like: TEES
Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing
Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.
Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.
Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOYS
Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her
Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
G5242
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: hoo-per-TEH-ross
Translations: superior, higher, greater, more excellent
Notes: This word is a comparative adjective meaning 'superior,' 'higher,' or 'greater.' It is used to describe something that is of a higher rank, quality, or position compared to something else. For example, it could describe a person who is more excellent or a position that is more elevated.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΜΕΙΖΩΝ, ΚΡΕΙΤΤΩΝ, ΑΝΩΤΕΡΟΣ
Etymology: From the preposition ὑπέρ (hyper), meaning 'over' or 'above,' combined with the comparative suffix -τερος (-teros). It literally means 'more over' or 'more above,' indicating a higher degree of something.
G1700
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: em-po-DON
Translations: in the way, hindering, an obstacle, an impediment
Notes: This word is an adverbial expression meaning 'in the way' or 'as an impediment'. It is often used to describe something that obstructs progress or prevents an action from taking place. It is a compound word formed from 'ἐν' (in) and 'πούς' (foot), literally meaning 'in the feet' or 'at the feet', hence 'in the way'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (used adverbially, but derived from the genitive plural of a noun)
Synonyms: ΚΩΛΥΜΑ, ΕΜΠΟΔΙΟΝ, ΠΡΟΣΚΟΜΜΑ
Etymology: The word ἘΜΠΟΔΩΝ is a compound formed from the preposition ἘΝ (in) and the genitive plural of the noun ΠΟΥΣ (foot). It literally means 'in the feet' and evolved to mean 'in the way' or 'hindering'.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ES-tin
Translations: is, a is
Notes: This word is the third person singular present indicative form of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It means 'he is', 'she is', 'it is', or 'there is'. It is used to express existence, identity, or a state of being, often linking a subject to a predicate. It can also imply 'exists' or 'happens'.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
G0521
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-PEE-toh-san
Translations: let them go away, they should go away, let them depart, they should depart
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to go away' or 'to depart'. It is used to express a command or an exhortation for a group of people to leave. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'Let them go away from here.'
Inflection: Third Person Plural, Aorist, Active, Imperative
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: From ἀπό (apo, 'from, away from') and εἶμι (eimi, 'to go').
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: hay-MACE
Translations: we
Notes: This word is a first-person plural pronoun, meaning 'we'. It is used as the subject of a sentence or clause, indicating that the action is performed by the speaker and one or more other people. For example, 'we go' or 'we believe'.
Inflection: Nominative, Plural, First Person
Etymology: The word 'ΕΓΩ' (ego) comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is a fundamental pronoun found across many Indo-European languages.
G5298
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: hoo-po-kho-RAY-san-tes
Translations: having withdrawn, having retired, having given way, having yielded, having receded
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle of the verb hypochōreō, meaning 'to withdraw,' 'to retire,' 'to give way,' or 'to yield.' It is a compound word formed from 'hypo' (under, beneath) and 'chōreō' (to go, to make room). It describes an action completed in the past, indicating that the subjects have already performed the act of withdrawing or yielding. It can be used to describe people who have moved back or retreated from a position or situation.
Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΧΩΡΕΩ, ΑΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ΕΚΧΩΡΕΩ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ὑποχωρέω (hypochōréō), a compound of ὑπό (hupó, “under, beneath”) and χωρέω (khōréō, “to go, to make room”).
G4169
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun
Sounds like: POY
Translations: what kind of, what sort of, which, what
Notes: This word is an interrogative and indefinite adjective or pronoun, meaning 'what kind of' or 'what sort of'. It is used to ask about the nature, quality, or identity of something. It can also be used indefinitely to refer to 'some kind of' or 'any kind of' in certain contexts. In the provided example, 'ΠΟΙ' appears as part of 'ΠΟΙΑΣ' (poias) and 'ΠΟΙΟΥ' (poiou), which are inflected forms of 'ΠΟΙΟΣ' (poios), meaning 'from what kind of country' and 'from what kind of people'.
Inflection: Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter; Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative; Singular or Plural. The form 'ΠΟΙ' itself is not a complete inflected word but a stem or part of a compound/inflected form.
Synonyms: ΤΙΣ, ΟΣΤΙΣ
Etymology: The word 'ΠΟΙΟΣ' (poios) is derived from the interrogative stem *po-, related to the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷo-, which is the source of many interrogative and relative pronouns in Indo-European languages.
G373
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-na-pow-SAH-meh-noy
Translations: having rested, having refreshed, having taken rest, having ceased
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ἀναπαύω', meaning 'to give rest, to refresh, to cease from labor'. As a participle, it describes an action that has been completed by the subject, functioning like an adjective or adverb. It indicates that the subject has performed the action of resting or being refreshed.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΚΟΠΙΑΩ, ἩΣΥΧΑΖΩ
G4002
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: peh-RAI-noh-men
Translations: we finish, we complete, we accomplish, we bring to an end
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to finish', 'to complete', or 'to accomplish'. It describes the act of bringing something to its conclusion or fulfillment. It is used in sentences to indicate that an action or process is being brought to an end by the subject.
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Active, First Person Plural
Synonyms: ΤΕΛΕΩ, ΕΚΤΕΛΕΩ, ΣΥΝΤΕΛΕΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: the
Notes: This word is the masculine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a particular masculine noun that is the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'he saw the man' or 'towards the God'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed to function as a marker of definiteness in Greek.
G1380
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-DOX-eh
Translations: it seemed, it was decided, it pleased, it seemed good
Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'δοκέω'. It is often used impersonally, meaning 'it seemed' or 'it was decided', especially in the sense of a decision or a judgment that was made. It can also convey the idea of something being pleasing or appearing good to someone.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΦΑΙΝΩ, ΚΡΙΝΩ
Etymology: The word 'δοκέω' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *dek-, meaning 'to take, accept, receive'. It developed in Greek to refer to what seems or appears to be the case, and then to what is decided or thought to be good.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TOH
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the
Notes: ΤΩ is the dative singular form of the definite article 'the'. It indicates the indirect object of a verb or the means/instrument by which an action is performed. It can also be used to indicate location or association, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', 'by', 'with', or 'in'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: TROO-foh-nee
Translations: to Tryphon
Notes: This is the dative singular form of the proper noun Tryphon. Tryphon was a common Greek name, meaning 'luxurious' or 'delicate'. It was the name of several historical figures, including a Hellenistic king of the Seleucid Empire, Diodotus Tryphon, and a Jewish rabbi mentioned in early Christian writings. In the provided context, it refers to a specific individual named Tryphon.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine
G2249
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: HAY-mas
Translations: us
Notes: This word is the first-person plural pronoun 'we' in the accusative case. It is used to indicate the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions, meaning 'us'. For example, 'He saw us' or 'They spoke to us'.
Inflection: First-person, Plural, Accusative
G4160
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: poy-AY-sah-ee
Translations: to make, to do, to create, to perform, to produce, to bring about
Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'to make' or 'to do'. It expresses the action of making, doing, creating, or performing something. As an infinitive, it functions like a verbal noun, often used after other verbs or prepositions to indicate purpose or result.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΑΤΤΩ
G1211
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: DAY
Translations: now, indeed, then, already, certainly, truly, come, go to
Notes: This word is an indeclinable particle used to give emphasis, urgency, or to mark a transition in discourse. It can express a sense of 'now' or 'already', or it can be used to urge someone to action, similar to 'come on' or 'go to'. It often adds a sense of immediacy or certainty to a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΡΑ, ΓΕ, ΝΥΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to emphasize or urge.
G1631
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: ek-NEV-san-tes
Translations: having turned aside, having withdrawn, having shrunk back, having slipped away
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having turned aside' or 'having withdrawn'. It describes an action completed in the past that has a bearing on the present situation. It is often used to indicate a movement away from something, either physically or metaphorically, such as turning away from a path or shrinking back from a challenge.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ΑΝΑΧΩΡΕΩ, ΥΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ
Etymology: The word ΕΚΝΕΥΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΕΚ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb ΝΕΥΩ (neuo), meaning 'to nod', 'to incline', or 'to turn'. Thus, it literally means 'to nod or turn out from' or 'to turn away from'.
G1519
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EES
Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward
Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G3319
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: MEH-son
Translations: middle, midst, between, among, a middle, the middle
Notes: This word refers to the middle point, space, or time. It is often used in phrases with prepositions like "ana" (ἀνά) or "en" (ἐν) to indicate being "in the midst of," "between," or "among" things or people.
Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΜΕΣΟΣ, ΕΝΔΟΝ, ΕΝΤΟΣ
G3586
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: XYS-too
Translations: of scraped, of polished, of smoothed, of a scraped, of a polished, of a smoothed, of a portico, of a colonnade, of a promenade
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'scraped,' 'polished,' or 'smoothed.' It can also function as a noun, referring to a 'portico,' 'colonnade,' or 'promenade,' which are typically areas with a smoothed or polished surface. In its adjectival form, it describes something that has been worked to be smooth. As a noun, it refers to a specific type of architectural structure or public walking area.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΛΕΙΟΣ, ΣΤΙΛΠΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΞΥΣΤΟΣ (xystos) comes from the verb ξύω (xyō), meaning 'to scrape,' 'to scratch,' or 'to polish.'
G4712
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: sta-DEE-on
Translations: stadium, a stadium, race course, a race course, furlong, a furlong
Notes: This word refers to a stadium or a race course, a place where athletic contests, especially footraces, were held. It can also denote a measure of distance, specifically a furlong, which was approximately 600 Greek feet or about 200 meters. It is used to describe both the physical location and the unit of measurement.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΔΡΟΜΟΣ, ΑΓΩΝ
Etymology: The word "στάδιον" comes from the Greek root "στάδιος" (stadios), meaning 'fixed, standing still'. It originally referred to a fixed measure of length, and then to the place where such a length was measured out for races.
G1519
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: AY-ee-men
Translations: we were going, we went, we came
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'we were going' or 'we went'. It describes an action of movement, indicating that a group of people (the 'we') were in the process of moving or had completed a journey to a certain place. It is often used to describe a continuous or past action of movement.
Inflection: First Person Plural, Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice
Synonyms: ἘΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΕΝ, ἨΛΘΟΜΕΝ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G4862
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix
Sounds like: soon
Translations: with, together with, along with
Notes: ΣΥΝ is a preposition that typically takes the dative case, meaning 'with' or 'together with', indicating association, accompaniment, or union. It is also very commonly used as a prefix in compound words, where it conveys the idea of 'togetherness', 'union', 'completion', or 'joint action'. For example, 'συντρίβω' (syntribo) means 'to break together' or 'to crush', and 'συνκαίω' (synkaio) means 'to burn together'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.
Synonyms: ΜΕΤΑ, ΟΜΟΥ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kom, meaning 'with' or 'beside'. It is cognate with Latin 'cum' and English 'co-' or 'con-'.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOH
Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself
Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter
G1417
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: DEE-oh
Translations: two
Notes: This word is a cardinal numeral meaning 'two'. It is used to indicate a quantity of two of something. It is indeclinable, meaning its form does not change regardless of gender, case, or number.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is cognate with English 'two'.
G5512
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: khleh-vah-SAN-tes
Translations: mocking, scoffing, ridiculing, deriding
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to mock' or 'to scoff'. It describes an action of making fun of someone or something, often in a contemptuous or scornful way. It is used to describe those who are engaged in the act of mocking or ridiculing.
Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΜΠΑΙΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΕΛΑΩ, ΥΒΡΙΖΩ
Etymology: The word χλευάζω (chleuazō) is of uncertain origin, possibly onomatopoeic, mimicking the sound of scoffing or jeering.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TANE
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.
G4710
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: SPOO-dayn
Translations: haste, a haste, diligence, a diligence, earnestness, an earnestness, zeal, a zeal, eagerness, an eagerness, effort, an effort
Notes: This word refers to quickness, speed, or haste. It can also denote earnestness, diligence, or zealous effort in carrying out a task. It describes the quality of being eager and committed to something.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΤΑΧΟΣ, ΖΗΛΟΣ, ΕΠΙΜΕΛΕΙΑ
Etymology: The word ΣΠΟΥΔΗ (spoudē) is derived from the verb σπεύδω (speudō), meaning 'to hasten' or 'to be eager'. It reflects the concept of moving quickly or acting with earnestness.
G2249
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: hay-MOHN
Translations: of us, our
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the first-person personal pronoun, meaning 'of us' or 'our'. It indicates possession or origin related to a group of speakers. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'the house of us' or 'our house'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, First Person
G1968
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ep-is-KOP-san-tes
Translations: mocking, scoffing, ridiculing, deriding
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'episkōptō', meaning to mock, scoff at, or ridicule. It describes an action of making fun of someone or something, often in a contemptuous or scornful way. It is used to describe those who are performing the action of mocking.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΧΛΕΥΑΖΩ, ΜΥΚΤΗΡΙΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΕΛΑΩ
G0525
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ap-ayl-LA-gee-san
Translations: they were delivered, they were set free, they were released, they were rid of, they departed
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to be delivered,' 'to be set free,' 'to be released,' or 'to be rid of something.' It can also mean 'to depart' or 'to go away.' It is often used in contexts where someone or something is freed from a burden, obligation, or an undesirable situation. It is the aorist passive indicative form of the verb 'ἀπαλλάσσω' (apallassō), which is a compound word formed from 'ἀπό' (apo, meaning 'from' or 'away from') and 'ἀλλάσσω' (allassō, meaning 'to change' or 'to exchange').
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Passive, Indicative
Synonyms: ἘΛΕΥΘΕΡΟΩ, ΛΥΩ, ἈΦΙΗΜΙ
G1096
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-GEH-noh-meh-tha
Translations: we became, we were, we came to be, we came
Notes: This word is the first person plural, aorist indicative form of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become,' 'to be,' 'to come into existence,' or 'to happen.' It describes an action that occurred in the past, indicating a state of being or a transition into a new state. It can be used to describe people or things coming into existence, or events taking place.
Inflection: First Person, Plural, Aorist, Indicative, Middle/Passive
Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ
Etymology: The root verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai) comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to come into being' or 'to be born.' It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey similar concepts of origin or existence.
G1722
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: en
Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).
Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.
G1565
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: eh-KAY-noh
Translations: to that, for that, with that, by that, that one
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'that' or 'that one'. It is used to point out something or someone that is distant in space or time, or to refer back to something previously mentioned. In this form, it is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object or the means/instrument by which something is done. It often translates as 'to that', 'for that', or 'with that', depending on the context.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΥΤΟΣ, ΟΔΕ
G5117
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: TOH-poh
Translations: to a place, in a place, at a place, a place
Notes: This word refers to a specific location, area, or region. It is often used to indicate where an action takes place or where something is situated. In the provided examples, it is used with the preposition 'ἐν' (en), meaning 'in' or 'at', to denote a specific location.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΤΟΠΟΣ, ΟΙΚΟΣ
G1759
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: EN-tha
Translations: here, there, where
Notes: This word is an adverb of place, meaning 'here', 'there', or 'where'. It indicates a specific location or point in space. It can be used to refer to a place already mentioned or understood from context, or to introduce a clause describing a location.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ὯΔΕ, ἘΚΕΙ͂, ὍΠΟΥ
Etymology: From the preposition 'ἐν' (in) and the demonstrative particle '-θα' (indicating place).
G1538
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: eh-kah-teh-ROH-then
Translations: on both sides, from both sides, on every side
Notes: This word is an adverb indicating location or direction from two or more sides. It is used to describe something that is present or occurring on either side of a central point, or from multiple directions. For example, one might say that a crowd gathered 'on both sides' of a road.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: This word is derived from the Greek word 'ἑκάτερος' (hekateros), meaning 'each of two', combined with the suffix '-θεν' (-then), which indicates origin or direction 'from'.
G3035
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: LI-thi-noy
Translations: stone, of stone, made of stone
Notes: This word describes something that is made of stone or pertains to stone. It is used to indicate the material composition of an object. For example, it could describe a stone wall, a stone tablet, or a stone heart.
Inflection: Masculine, Nominative or Vocative, Plural; or Feminine, Nominative or Vocative, Plural; or Neuter, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΕΤΡΙΝΟΣ, ΣΤΕΡΕΟΣ
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EYE-see
Translations: they are
Notes: This word is the third person plural present indicative form of the verb 'to be'. It is used to state existence or to link a subject to a predicate, indicating what the subject is or what quality it possesses. For example, 'they are good' or 'they are people'.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Present, Indicative
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΟΥΣΙΝ, ΓΙΝΟΝΤΑΙ
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THOH-koy
Translations: seats, benches
Notes: This word refers to seats or benches, often implying a place where one sits, such as for judgment, teaching, or simply resting. It is a plural noun.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative or Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΔΡΑΙ, ΚΑΘΕΔΡΑΙ
Etymology: The word ΘΩΚΟΣ is derived from the verb θάω (thao), meaning 'to sit'. It refers to a place for sitting.
G2087
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: EH-teh-roh
Translations: (to) another, (for) another, (to) a different one, (for) a different one, (to) other, (for) other, (to) a different, (for) a different
Notes: This word means 'another' or 'different', emphasizing a qualitative distinction from something else. It is used to refer to something of a different kind or nature, as opposed to 'ἄλλος' (ALLOS), which refers to another of the same kind. It can be used to describe a person, object, or concept that is distinct in character.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word ἝΤΕΡΟΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'one of two' or 'the other'.
G2523
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ka-thes-THEN-tes
Translations: having sat down, seated, sitting
Notes: This word is a compound participle derived from the verb 'καθίζω' (kathizō), meaning 'to sit down' or 'to cause to sit'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is ongoing, functioning like an adjective or adverb. In this form, it indicates that the subjects have performed the action of sitting down.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΚΑΘΗΜΕΝΟΙ, ΗΣΘΕΝΤΕΣ
G5177
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: TROO-foh-nos
Translations: of Tryphon
Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the proper noun Tryphon, a common Greek name. It is used to indicate possession or origin, similar to saying 'of Tryphon' in English. For example, 'the words of Tryphon' or 'the house of Tryphon'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Etymology: The name Tryphon is derived from the Greek word τρυφή (tryphē), meaning 'softness, delicacy, luxury, effeminacy'. It was a common name in the Hellenistic and Roman periods.
G1707
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: em-BAL-lon-tos
Translations: having cast in, having thrown in, having put in, having attacked, having invaded
Notes: This is the genitive singular masculine or neuter form of the aorist active participle of the verb 'ἐμβάλλω'. It describes an action that has already occurred, indicating someone or something that has performed the action of casting, throwing, putting, attacking, or invading. It often functions adverbially or adjectivally in a sentence, modifying a noun or pronoun and providing context for the main verb.
Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΕἸΣΒΑΛΛΩ, ἘΠΙΤΙΘΗΜΙ
G5100
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: TI-nos
Translations: of someone, of something, of anyone, of anything, of a certain one, of a certain thing, of what, of whom, whose
Notes: ΤΙΝΟΣ is the genitive singular form of the indefinite or interrogative pronoun 'τις'. As an indefinite pronoun, it refers to an unspecified person or thing, often translated as 'someone' or 'something'. As an interrogative pronoun, it asks about the identity or nature of a person or thing, translated as 'whose' or 'of what'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
Synonyms: ΤΙΝΩΝ, ΤΙΝΙ, ΤΙΝΑ
G0846
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: of them, their, of themselves
Notes: This word is a pronoun indicating possession or relation, specifically for a group of people or things. It is used to mean 'of them' or 'their', often referring back to a previously mentioned plural noun or pronoun.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, All genders
G2596
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: KAH-tah
Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along
Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.
G2449
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ee-oo-DAH-ee-an
Translations: Judea
Notes: This word refers to Judea, a historical region in the Southern Levant. It was a significant area in ancient times, particularly known as the homeland of the Jewish people. In Koine Greek texts, it is often used to denote the geographical region or the province.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
G1096
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: geh-no-MEH-noo
Translations: having become, having come to pass, of having become, of having come to pass
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become,' 'to come into being,' 'to happen,' or 'to be born.' As a genitive singular participle, it often indicates a causal or temporal relationship, meaning 'of one who has become' or 'when something has happened.' It describes an action that has already taken place and is often used to modify a noun in the genitive case.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Masculine or Neuter, Singular, Genitive
Synonyms: ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΣΥΜΒΑΙΝΩ, ΑΠΟΒΑΙΝΩ
G4171
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: po-LEH-moo
Translations: (of) war, (of) battle, (of) conflict
Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the noun 'polemos', meaning 'war' or 'battle'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or separation, often translated with 'of' in English, such as 'of war' or 'from war'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΜΑΧΗ, ΕΡΙΣ
G1256
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: dee-eh-LA-loon
Translations: they were speaking, they were talking, they were discussing, they were conversing
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'among', and the verb λαλέω (laleō), meaning 'to speak' or 'to talk'. The compound verb διαλαλέω means 'to speak through', 'to discuss', or 'to converse'. In this form, it describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, indicating that a group of people were engaged in conversation or discussion.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΦΩΝΕΩ, ΟΜΙΛΕΩ
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