2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G5172

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: TROO-fone

Translations: Tryphon

Notes: Tryphon is a masculine proper noun, referring to a specific individual. In the provided examples, it functions as the subject of sentences, indicating a person's name. It is used to identify a historical figure, specifically a general who later became a king in the Seleucid Empire.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name Tryphon is of Greek origin, derived from the verb 'τρυφάω' (tryphaō), meaning 'to live luxuriously' or 'to live delicately'. It implies a person who is delicate, luxurious, or effeminate.

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-POH

Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.

G5118

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: toh-SOO-tone

Translations: of so great, of so many, of such, of so much

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'so great,' 'so many,' or 'such.' It is used to indicate a large quantity or degree of something, often emphasizing the extent. It can be used to describe both countable and uncountable nouns.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΤΟΣΟΣ, ΤΗΛΙΚΟΥΤΟΣ

Etymology: From the Greek words ΤΟΣΟΣ (tos-os), meaning 'so much, so great,' and ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos), meaning 'this, that.'

G1125

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: grah-FOHN

Translations: writing, drawing, recording, one who writes, he who writes

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'to write' or 'to draw'. It describes an action that is currently happening or ongoing. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun (e.g., 'the writing man'), or substantivally, acting as a noun itself (e.g., 'the one who writes'). It can also imply the act of recording or registering something.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΣΥΓΓΡΑΦΩΝ, ΚΑΤΑΓΡΑΦΩΝ

G1492

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: dy-SOH-poo-MEH-nos

Translations: being ashamed, being put to shame, being abashed, being confounded, being awed, being reverenced

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'dyssopeō'. It describes someone who is experiencing a feeling of shame, embarrassment, or awe, often in the presence of someone superior or due to a compelling argument. It can also imply being put to shame or being confounded by something. It is used to describe the state of a person who is deeply affected or humbled.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΑΙΣΧΥΝΟΜΕΝΟΣ, ΕΝΤΡΕΠΟΜΕΝΟΣ

G3756

Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΉ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.

G1492

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: OY-dah

Translations: know, understand, perceive, be aware of

Notes: This verb means 'to know' or 'to understand'. It is a perfect tense verb that functions with a present meaning, indicating a state of knowing that has resulted from a past act of perceiving or learning. It is often used to express a deep, intuitive, or experiential knowledge, as opposed to merely intellectual knowledge. It can be used with an accusative object, or with a clause introduced by 'ὅτι' (that) or an interrogative pronoun.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Indicative, 1st Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *weyd- 'to see, to know'. In Greek, it developed into a perfect tense verb with a present meaning, signifying a state of knowing that comes from having seen or perceived.

G5101

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE

Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing

Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.

G4012

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: kath

Translations: according to, down, against, throughout, during, by, for, with respect to, concerning

Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down' or 'according to'. It is commonly used as a prefix in compound words or as a preposition governing various cases. When used as a preposition, it can indicate movement downwards, distribution, opposition, or a standard of comparison. For example, 'καθ' ἕνα' means 'one by one', and 'καθά' means 'just as' or 'according as'. The elision (dropping of the final vowel) occurs before a word beginning with a vowel and a rough breathing mark.

Inflection: Does not inflect (it is an elided form of a preposition)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: The word 'κατά' (kata) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'down' or 'against'. It is a common preposition in ancient Greek, indicating various relationships of position, direction, or standard.

G2316

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: THEH-os

Translations: God, a God, Lord

Notes: ΘΕΟΣ (theos) is a singular noun meaning 'God' or 'a god'. In Koine Greek, it is frequently used to refer to the singular, supreme God, often with the definite article. It can also refer to a generic deity or even a human figure considered divine. It functions as a subject or object in sentences, depending on its case.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΠΑΤΗΡ

Etymology: The word ΘΕΟΣ is believed to derive from a Proto-Indo-European root, though its precise origin is debated. It has cognates in various Indo-European languages.

G3762

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: oo-DEH-nee

Translations: to no one, to nothing, for no one, for nothing, by no means, in no way

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the pronoun/adjective 'οὐδείς' (oudeis), meaning 'no one' or 'nothing'. In this dative case, it indicates the indirect object of an action, meaning 'to no one' or 'to nothing'. It can also function adverbially, meaning 'by no means' or 'in no way', emphasizing the complete absence or negation of something.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΜΗΔΕΝΙ, ΟΥ̓ΔΑΜΩΣ

G2087

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: EH-teh-roh

Translations: (to) another, (for) another, (to) a different one, (for) a different one, (to) other, (for) other, (to) a different, (for) a different

Notes: This word means 'another' or 'different', emphasizing a qualitative distinction from something else. It is used to refer to something of a different kind or nature, as opposed to 'ἄλλος' (ALLOS), which refers to another of the same kind. It can be used to describe a person, object, or concept that is distinct in character.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word ἝΤΕΡΟΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'one of two' or 'the other'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G1473

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-GOH

Translations: I, me

Notes: ἘΓΩ is the first-person singular personal pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning "I" or "me." It refers to the speaker and functions primarily as the subject of a sentence. While the first-person singular verb ending often makes the pronoun redundant, ἘΓΩ is frequently used for emphasis, similar to saying "I myself" or "even I" in English. It can also be used to clarify the subject when multiple individuals are involved.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Nominative

Etymology: This word is an ancient pronoun, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has cognates in many Indo-European languages, reflecting a shared linguistic heritage.

G2962

Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: KOO-ree-oss

Translations: Lord, a Lord, master, a master, owner, an owner, sir

Notes: This word refers to a person who has authority, control, or ownership over something or someone. It is frequently used in the New Testament to refer to God or Jesus Christ, signifying their supreme authority and sovereignty. It can also be used in a more general sense for a human master or owner.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΑΥΘΕΝΤΗΣ

Etymology: The word ΚΥΡΙΟΣ derives from the Greek word κῦρος (kyros), meaning 'supreme power' or 'authority'. It signifies one who possesses power and authority, thus a lord or master.

G3778

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that

Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.

G3686

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: O-no-MA

Translations: name, a name, reputation, character, authority

Notes: This word refers to a name, whether of a person, place, or thing. It can also signify one's reputation, character, or even authority, as a name often represents the person or entity itself. It is commonly used in phrases like 'in the name of' to denote authority or representation.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Genitive; Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΛΕΟΣ, ΦΗΜΗ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥. It is cognate with Latin nōmen and English name.

G3361

Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G1325

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: DOH-soh

Translations: I will give, I will grant, I will bestow, I will put, I will place

Notes: This word is the first person singular future active indicative form of the verb 'δίδωμι' (didomi), meaning 'to give'. It indicates an action that the speaker will perform in the future, such as 'I will give' or 'I will grant'. It is commonly used to express promises, intentions, or future actions of giving or providing something.

Inflection: Future Active Indicative, 1st Person Singular

Synonyms: ΔΩΣΕΙ, ΔΩΣΟΜΕΝ

Etymology: The word 'δίδωμι' (didomi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *deh₃- meaning 'to give'. It is a reduplicated present stem, a common feature in ancient Greek verbs.

G3761

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: oo-DEH

Translations: not even, neither, nor, and not

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the conjunction 'δέ' (but, and). It is used to emphasize a negation, meaning 'not even' or 'neither/nor'. It can connect clauses or phrases, indicating that something is also not true or not happening. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'He did not go, nor did he send anyone.'

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΜΗΔΕ, ΜΗ

Etymology: From the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the postpositive conjunction 'δέ' (but, and).

G1519, G1487, G1488

Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb

Sounds like: E

Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are

Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).

G3303

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN

Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however

Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.

G0574

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: AH-ploce

Translations: simply, plainly, absolutely, entirely, without reservation, frankly, completely, altogether

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'simply' or 'plainly'. It can also convey the sense of 'absolutely' or 'entirely', indicating a complete or unqualified manner. It describes an action or state as being straightforward, without complexity, or in a comprehensive way.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΑΝΤΩΣ, ΟΛΩΣ, ΑΚΡΙΒΩΣ

Etymology: Derived from the adjective ΑΠΛΟΥΣ (haplous), meaning 'simple' or 'single'. The root is related to the concept of being 'unfolded' or 'without folds', hence 'simple' or 'straightforward'.

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G2549

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kah-KEE-as

Translations: (of) evil, (of) malice, (of) wickedness, (of) depravity, evil, an evil, malice, a malice, wickedness, a wickedness, depravity, a depravity

Notes: This word refers to the inherent badness, wickedness, or depravity of character. It can also denote malice or ill-will towards others. It is often used in contexts describing moral corruption or harmful actions stemming from a bad disposition.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΟΝΗΡΙΑ, ΦΑΥΛΟΤΗΣ, ΑΣΕΒΕΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΚΙΑ (kakia) comes from the adjective ΚΑΚΟΣ (kakos), meaning 'bad' or 'evil'. It refers to the state or quality of being bad.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G4253

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PRO

Translations: before, in front of, for, on behalf of, in the presence of, prior to, instead of

Notes: This word is a preposition that typically takes the genitive case. It can indicate a spatial relationship, meaning 'before' or 'in front of' something or someone. It can also denote a temporal relationship, meaning 'before' in time, or a causal relationship, meaning 'for' or 'on behalf of' someone or something. In some contexts, it can also mean 'instead of' or 'in the presence of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΜΠΡΟΣΘΕΝ, ΑΝΤΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'before, in front of'. It is cognate with English 'for' and Latin 'pro'.

G4280

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pro-AY-pohn

Translations: having said before, having foretold, having announced beforehand, having spoken previously

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the preposition 'πρό' (before) and the verb 'εἶπον' (to say, to speak). It means to say something in advance, to foretell, or to announce beforehand. It is used to describe an action of speaking that occurred prior to another event or a main action in the sentence.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΦΗΤΕΥΩ, ΠΡΟΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the prefix πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of', and the aorist stem of the verb λέγω (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'.

G1872

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: eh-pah-koh-loo-THOON-tas

Translations: following after, accompanying, attending, those following, those accompanying

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'epakoloutheo', meaning to follow closely, accompany, or attend. It implies a close adherence, a consequence, or a close association with someone or something. It is used to describe individuals who are actively engaged in the act of following or accompanying.

Inflection: Present, Active, Accusative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΚΟΛΟΥΘΕΩ, ἘΠΙΒΑΙΝΩ, ΣΥΝΕΠΙΒΑΙΝΩ

G4886

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: soo-NAP-sas

Translations: having joined, having connected, having united, having fastened, having brought together

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having joined' or 'having connected'. It describes an action that has been completed before the main verb's action. It can be used to describe someone who has brought things or people together, or who has formed a connection or alliance.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΕΝΟΩ, ΣΥΝΔΕΩ, ΣΥΝΙΣΤΗΜΙ

G4782

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: soong-GNO-stos

Translations: pardonable, excusable, forgivable

Notes: This word describes something that is worthy of being pardoned or excused. It refers to an action, mistake, or fault that can be overlooked or forgiven, implying that it is not severe enough to warrant harsh judgment or punishment.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine

Etymology: This word is derived from the verb συγγιγνώσκω (syngignōskō), meaning 'to agree with, to pardon, to excuse'. It combines the prefix σύν (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and γιγνώσκω (gignōskō), meaning 'to know' or 'to perceive'.

G1161

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G5485

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHA-rin

Translations: grace, favor, kindness, thanks, a grace, a favor, a kindness, a thanks

Notes: This word refers to grace, favor, or kindness, often implying a divine or unmerited gift. It can also mean thanks or gratitude. In its accusative form, as seen in ΧΑΡΙΝ, it often functions as the direct object of a verb, such as 'to find favor' or 'to give thanks'. It can also be used in adverbial phrases meaning 'for the sake of' or 'on account of'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΥΝΟΙΑ, ΔΩΡΟΝ, ΕΥΧΑΡΙΣΤΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΧΑΡΙΣ (charis) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰer- meaning 'to desire, to like'. It is related to words signifying joy, delight, and goodwill.

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G3543

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: noh-MI-zane

Translations: to think, to suppose, to believe, to consider, to practice, to observe

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to think', 'to suppose', 'to believe', or 'to consider'. It can also mean 'to practice' or 'to observe' in the sense of customary or legal practice. It is often used to express an opinion or a customary action.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΟΙΟΜΑΙ, ΔΟΚΕΩ

Etymology: From νόμος (nomos, 'custom, law'), meaning to do according to custom or law, hence to consider or believe as customary.

G1410

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: doo-NAH-sthai

Translations: to be able, to have power, to be strong, can

Notes: This is the present middle/passive infinitive form of the verb 'δύναμαι'. It means 'to be able' or 'to have power'. It is often used in constructions where one expresses the ability or capacity to do something, similar to the English 'can' or 'to be able to'.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΩ, ΕΞΕΣΤΙ

Etymology: From the root 'δύναμαι', meaning 'to be able'. It is related to 'δύναμις' (dynamis), meaning 'power' or 'ability'.

G1519

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G639

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-po-REE-an

Translations: perplexity, a perplexity, distress, a distress, difficulty, a difficulty, embarrassment, an embarrassment, want, a want, lack, a lack

Notes: This word refers to a state of being at a loss, without resources, or in a difficult situation. It can describe a lack of means, a state of perplexity, or a feeling of being stuck without a way forward. It is often used to describe a situation of distress or a problem that is hard to solve.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΡΙΑ, ΑΜΗΧΑΝΙΑ, ΔΥΣΚΟΛΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΑΠΟΡΙΑ (aporia) comes from the Greek prefix ἀ- (a-), meaning 'not' or 'without', and πόρος (poros), meaning 'passage', 'way', or 'resource'. Thus, it literally means 'no way' or 'without passage/resource'.

G2443

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: EE-nah

Translations: in order that, that, so that, to

Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause expressing purpose, result, or content. It often translates to 'in order that' or simply 'that' when indicating the aim or outcome of an action. It can also be used to express a command or exhortation, especially when followed by the subjunctive mood.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣΤΕ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en- (in). It is related to the preposition 'in' and developed into a conjunction expressing purpose or result.

G2036

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ay-POH

Translations: to say, to speak, to tell, to command, to call, to mean

Notes: This verb means 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is often used to introduce direct or indirect speech, or to express a command or declaration. It can also mean 'to tell' or 'to call' in certain contexts. It is a common verb in Koine Greek, used in a wide variety of situations where communication is involved.

Inflection: Aorist, Subjunctive, Active, 1st Person Singular (I may say); Aorist, Subjunctive, Active, 3rd Person Plural (they may say); Aorist, Infinitive, Active (to say)

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΦΗΜΙ

Etymology: From an obsolete primary verb, which is a prolonged form of a primary verb (ἔπω) meaning 'to speak or say'. It is related to the idea of uttering words.

G1727

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: eh-nan-TEE-as

Translations: (of) opposite, (of) contrary, (of) hostile, (of) adverse

Notes: This word is the genitive singular feminine form of the adjective 'ΕΝΑΝΤΙΟΣ', meaning 'opposite' or 'contrary'. It is often used in the adverbial phrase 'ἐξ ἐναντίας' (ex enantias), which means 'from the opposite side', 'opposite', 'in opposition', or 'face to face'. It describes something that is in opposition or contrary to something else.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΝΤΙΚΕΙΜΕΝΟΣ, ΕΧΘΡΟΣ

G1124

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: grah-FAS

Translations: writings, scriptures, a writing, a scripture

Notes: This word refers to writings or documents, often specifically to the sacred scriptures. It is used to denote written records, letters, or any form of written communication. In a religious context, it frequently refers to the Old Testament or the entire body of sacred texts.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΒΙΒΛΙΑ, ΕΠΙΣΤΟΛΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΓΡΑΦΗ (graphē) comes from the verb γράφω (graphō), meaning 'to write'. It refers to the act or result of writing.

G1063

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G5111

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: tol-MAY-soh

Translations: I will dare, I will be bold, I will presume, I will venture

Notes: This word means to dare, to be bold, or to presume. It indicates an act of courage or audacity, often implying a willingness to take a risk or to speak or act despite potential opposition or danger. It is the first person singular future active indicative form of the verb ΤΟΛΜΑΩ.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Future, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΘΑΡΡΕΩ, ΕΠΙΧΕΙΡΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΤΟΛΜΑΩ comes from the ancient Greek noun ΤΟΛΜΑ (tolma), meaning 'courage' or 'daring'. Its origin is uncertain, but it is related to the concept of enduring or bearing.

G4218

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: PO-teh

Translations: at some time, ever, once, formerly, when, at any time, sometime

Notes: This word is an adverb that indicates a point in time, often indefinite. It can mean 'at some time' or 'ever,' referring to an unspecified past or future moment. It can also mean 'once' or 'formerly' when referring to a past event. In interrogative contexts, it means 'when?'. It is used to ask about or state the timing of an action or event.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΟΤΕΡΟΝ, ΠΟΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From the interrogative stem *po- (related to 'who,' 'what') combined with the temporal suffix -te. It refers to an indefinite point in time.

G2228, G3588

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Definite Article, Numeral

Sounds like: AY

Translations: or, the, 8

Notes: This word can function as a conjunction meaning 'or', indicating an alternative or choice between two or more options. It can also be the feminine nominative singular form of the definite article 'the', used to specify a feminine noun that is the subject of a sentence. The '̓' (coronis) indicates that this form is an elision, meaning it's a shortened form of a word like ἤ (e.g., when followed by a vowel). Additionally, the '̓' could be a keraia, indicating the numeral 8.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as conjunction or numeral); Singular, Nominative, Feminine (as definite article)

Etymology: The conjunction ἤ (e.g., from which Ἠ is an elision) is of uncertain origin. The definite article ἡ (from which Ἠ is an elision) comes from Proto-Indo-European. The numeral meaning is derived from the Greek letter eta (Η), which was used to represent the number 8.

G1760

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: en-thoo-may-THEH-nai

Translations: to consider, to think, to ponder, to reflect, to meditate, to bear in mind

Notes: This word is an infinitive form of the verb meaning 'to consider' or 'to think deeply'. It describes the act of reflecting on something, pondering it in one's mind, or taking it into account. It implies a process of internal thought and deliberation.

Inflection: Infinitive, Aorist, Passive

Synonyms: ΛΟΓΙΖΟΜΑΙ, ΦΡΟΝΕΩ, ΣΚΟΠΕΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἐν (en, "in") + θυμός (thymos, "soul, spirit, mind"). It literally means 'to be in one's mind' or 'to have in mind'.

G2036

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ay-PINE

Translations: to say, to speak, to tell

Notes: This word is an aorist infinitive verb meaning 'to say', 'to speak', or 'to tell'. It is used to express the action of speaking or communicating something, often in a general sense without specifying the subject or object of the action. It can be used in various constructions, such as after verbs of commanding or desiring, or to express purpose.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΕΙΝ, ΛΑΛΕΙΝ, ΦΑΝΑΙ

Etymology: ΕἸΠΕΙΝ is the aorist infinitive of the verb ΕἸΠΩ, which is a suppletive aorist form used with the present tense verbs ΛΕΓΩ and ΦΗΜΙ. Its origin traces back to Proto-Indo-European roots related to speaking or declaring.

G0243

Part of Speech: Prefix

Sounds like: ALL

Translations: other, another, different, foreign

Notes: This is a prefix form of the word 'ἄλλος' (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to form compound words that convey the idea of something being different, foreign, or belonging to another group. For example, 'ἀλλογενῶν' means 'of other races', 'ἀλλότριοι' means 'strangers' or 'foreigners', and 'ἀλλόφυλους' means 'foreigners' or 'of another tribe'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix)

Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.

G1437

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: eh-AHN

Translations: if, when, whenever, although

Notes: ἘΑΝ is a conditional conjunction used to introduce a protasis (the 'if' clause) in a conditional sentence. It typically takes the subjunctive mood, indicating a condition that is possible, probable, or hypothetical. It can be translated as 'if', 'when', or 'whenever', depending on the nuance of the condition, and sometimes 'although' in concessive clauses.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΙ, ὍΤΑΝ

Etymology: ἘΑΝ is a contraction of the conditional particle εἰ (ei, 'if') and the modal particle ἄν (an), which adds a sense of contingency or possibility to the condition.

G5101

Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective

Sounds like: TEES

Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing

Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.

Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.

G1380

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: doh-KOO-sah

Translations: seeming, appearing, thinking, supposing, seeming good, appearing good, being thought, being supposed

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'δοκέω' (dokeō), meaning 'to seem' or 'to appear'. It describes something that has the appearance of being a certain way, or someone who is thinking or supposing something. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or adverbially, describing an action. For example, 'the seeming power' or 'thinking that it was right'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine, Present, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΦΑΙΝΟΜΕΝΗ, ΟΙΟΜΕΝΗ, ΗΓΟΥΜΕΝΗ

G1124

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GRA-fay

Translations: writing, a writing, scripture, a scripture, document, a document

Notes: This word refers to something written, such as a document, a letter, or a record. In a religious context, especially within the New Testament, it frequently refers to the sacred writings or the Holy Scriptures. It can be used to denote the act of writing or the result of that act.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΒΙΒΛΙΟΝ, ΕΠΙΣΤΟΛΗ

Etymology: From the verb γράφω (graphō), meaning 'to write', which comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to scratch, carve'.

G4261

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pro-blee-THEE

Translations: be thrown forward, be put forth, be brought forward, be presented

Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'προβάλλω' (probállō), which means to throw or cast forward, to put forth, or to present. In this specific form, it is a passive subjunctive, indicating a potential or hypothetical action being done to the subject. It suggests something being brought forward or presented for consideration or action.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Passive, Subjunctive

Synonyms: ΕΚΒΑΛΛΩ, ΠΡΟΤΙΘΗΜΙ

Etymology: The word προβάλλω (probállō) is a compound word formed from the preposition πρό (pró), meaning 'before' or 'forward,' and the verb βάλλω (bállō), meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast.'

G2192

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EH-khee

Translations: may have, might have, should have, may hold, might hold, should hold, may possess, might possess, should possess

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have,' 'to hold,' or 'to possess.' It is commonly used to express possession, a state of being, or to indicate a condition. As a subjunctive form, it often appears in clauses expressing possibility, desire, or purpose, frequently translated with 'may,' 'might,' or 'should.'

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Present, Active, Subjunctive

Synonyms: ΚΤΩΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

G5613

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G1727

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-NAN-tee-ah

Translations: opposite, contrary, hostile, an adversary, a contrary thing, an opposite thing, against, in opposition to

Notes: This word describes something that is opposite, contrary, or hostile. It can be used as an adjective to modify a noun, or as a noun itself to refer to an adversary or opponent. When used with a preposition, it can function adverbially to mean 'against' or 'in opposition to'. For example, 'ἐκ ἐναντίας' means 'from the opposite side' or 'in opposition'.

Inflection: Feminine, Singular, Nominative or Accusative; or Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΝΤΙΚΕΙΜΕΝΟΣ, ΕΧΘΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙΔΙΚΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΕΝΑΝΤΙΟΣ (enantios) comes from the Greek preposition ἐν (en), meaning 'in', and ἀντίος (antios), meaning 'set against' or 'opposite'. It describes something that is in opposition or contrary to something else.

G5607

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: OO-sah

Translations: being, existing, that is, who is, a being, the one being

Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It describes something that is in a state of being or existence. It is used to qualify a noun, often translated as 'being', 'existing', or 'that is/who is'. In this form, it is feminine, singular, and can be either nominative or accusative, depending on its role in the sentence.

Inflection: Feminine, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ὙΠΑΡΧΟΥΣΑ, ΓΙΝΟΜΕΝΗ

G3982

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-PEES-meh-nos

Translations: persuaded, having been persuaded, convinced, having been convinced

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been persuaded' or 'having been convinced'. It describes a state of having been brought to a belief or conviction by someone or something else. It is often used to indicate a settled state of mind or a firm belief.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative, Perfect Passive Participle

Synonyms: ΠΕΠΙΣΤΕΥΜΕΝΟΣ, ΠΕΠΛΗΡΟΦΟΡΗΜΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: The root word ΠΕΙΘΩ (peithō) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to bind, to tie, to persuade'. It originally conveyed the idea of binding someone by words or arguments, leading to the sense of persuading or convincing.

G3754

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G3762

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: oo-DEH-mee-ah

Translations: no one, nobody, nothing, not one, not any, no

Notes: This word is a compound negative adjective or pronoun, meaning 'no one,' 'nobody,' 'nothing,' or 'not any.' It is used to express absolute negation, emphasizing the complete absence of something or someone. It functions similarly to 'not a single one' and is often used to modify nouns or stand in for them, agreeing in gender, number, and case with the noun it refers to or replaces.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΔΕΝ, ΜΗΔΕΙΣ

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOS

Translations: he, she, it, they, him, her, it, them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, same, very

Notes: ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is a versatile word in Koine Greek. As a third-person pronoun, it translates to 'he, she, it' or 'they' in the nominative case, and 'him, her, it' or 'them' in other cases. When used intensively, often in the nominative or immediately following the noun, it means 'himself, herself, itself, themselves' or 'even, very'. When used as an adjective with the definite article (e.g., 'ὁ αὐτὸς'), it means 'the same'. Its meaning depends on its grammatical function and position in the sentence.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΣ, ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a pronominal stem *au- or *aw-.

G3539

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: noh-EH-in

Translations: to perceive, to understand, to think, to comprehend, to consider, to discern

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'νοέω'. It refers to the act of perceiving with the mind, understanding, or thinking. It implies a mental grasp or comprehension of something, often involving reflection or consideration. It can be used in sentences to express the ability or action of understanding a concept or situation.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΙΗΜΙ, ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΚΑΤΑΝΟΕΩ

Etymology: From 'νοῦς' (nous), meaning 'mind' or 'intellect'. The verb 'νοέω' means to use the mind, to perceive, or to understand.

G3123

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: MAHL-lon

Translations: more, rather, much more, especially

Notes: This word is a comparative adverb meaning 'more' or 'rather'. It is used to indicate a preference, a greater degree, or an intensification of something. It often appears in contexts where a comparison is being made, suggesting that one thing is true to a greater extent than another, or that one action is preferred over another. For example, it can mean 'more' in terms of quantity or intensity, or 'rather' when expressing a choice or preference.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΛΕΟΝ, ΜΑΛΙΣΤΑ

Etymology: ΜΑΛΛΟΝ is a comparative adverb derived from an obsolete positive form related to the concept of 'much' or 'very'. It functions as the comparative degree of this implied positive.

G3670

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ho-mo-lo-GAY-soh

Translations: I will confess, I will acknowledge, I will profess, I will declare, I will promise

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to confess,' 'to acknowledge,' 'to profess,' or 'to declare.' It is used to express agreement, admission, or open declaration of something. In a sentence, it indicates a future action of making a statement or acknowledging a truth, often publicly or formally. It can also imply a promise or an agreement.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Future, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΕΞΟΜΟΛΟΓΕΩ, ΛΕΓΩ, ΦΗΜΙ

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G2036

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ee-RAY-may-nah

Translations: things said, what has been said, the aforementioned things, the things spoken, the words

Notes: This word is the perfect passive participle of the verb 'ΕΡΩ' (ero), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. In its neuter plural form, it refers to 'things that have been said' or 'what has been spoken'. It functions substantively, meaning it acts like a noun, referring to a collection of previously mentioned statements or declarations. It can be used to refer back to earlier points in a text or conversation.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΛΟΓΟΙ, ΡΗΜΑΤΑ

Etymology: The verb 'ΕΡΩ' (ero) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to speak' or 'to say'. It is an alternative or poetic form of 'ΛΕΓΩ' (lego), which also means 'to say'.

G5274

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: hoo-po-lam-BAH-non-tas

Translations: supposing, assuming, taking up, receiving, answering, thinking

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the preposition ΥΠΟ (under) and the verb ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ (to take, receive). It means to take up from below, to receive, to assume, to suppose, or to answer. It can be used to describe someone who is forming an opinion or belief, or who is taking on a task or idea.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter, Accusative Plural

Synonyms: ΝΟΜΙΖΩ, ΟΙΟΜΑΙ, ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: it, itself, the same

Notes: This word is a versatile pronoun and adjective. As a pronoun, it typically means 'he,' 'she,' 'it,' or 'they,' depending on its gender and number. When used as an adjective, it can mean 'the same' or serve as an intensive pronoun, emphasizing the noun it modifies, such as 'himself,' 'herself,' 'itself,' or 'themselves.' Its meaning is highly dependent on its grammatical case, number, and gender within a sentence.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: This word is believed to derive from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'that, that one.' It developed into the Greek pronoun and adjective 'autos,' retaining its core sense of identity or self.

G0075

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-goh-NEE-soh-my

Translations: I will contend, I will fight, I will struggle, I will compete

Notes: This verb means to contend, struggle, fight, or compete. It is often used in the context of athletic contests or spiritual struggles, implying a strenuous effort. It describes an action that will take place in the future.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Future, Middle Voice, Indicative

Synonyms: ΜΑΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΑΛΑΙΩ

Etymology: The word ἀγωνίζομαι (agōnizomai) is derived from ἀγών (agōn), meaning 'a gathering, assembly, contest, struggle'. It refers to the effort involved in a public contest or struggle.

G0302

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: AHN

Translations: if, ever, might, would, should

Notes: This word is a particle used to express contingency, possibility, or potentiality. It does not have a direct English equivalent but modifies the meaning of the verb it accompanies, often indicating that an action is dependent on a condition or is hypothetical. It is frequently used with the subjunctive or optative moods to form conditional clauses or express indefinite temporal or relative clauses.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The origin of this particle is uncertain, but it is believed to be an ancient particle in Greek, possibly related to the concept of 'on' or 'up' in some contexts, though its primary function became conditional.

G4388

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pro-te-THE-ee-kōs

Translations: having set forth, having purposed, having displayed, having put before

Notes: This word is a perfect active participle derived from the verb 'προτίθημι' (protithēmi), which means 'to set before,' 'to propose,' 'to display,' or 'to purpose.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has been completed in the past and has ongoing relevance. It indicates someone who has already performed the action of setting forth or purposing something.

Inflection: Perfect Active Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΕΘΗΚΑ, ΠΡΟΕΘΕΤΟ

Etymology: The word προτίθημι (protithēmi) is a compound verb formed from the preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of,' and the verb τίθημι (tithēmi), meaning 'to put' or 'to place.' Thus, its core meaning is 'to put before.'

G4266

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PROB-lay-ma

Translations: problem, a problem, riddle, a riddle, dark saying, a dark saying, proverb, a proverb

Notes: This word refers to something thrown forward or put forth, often in the sense of a challenge, a question, or a difficult matter. It can mean a problem that needs to be solved, a riddle or enigma, or a proverb or dark saying that requires interpretation. It is a neuter noun.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΙΝΙΓΜΑ, ΠΑΡΑΒΟΛΗ

Etymology: From the Greek verb προβάλλω (proballō), meaning 'to throw forward, to put forth, to propose'. It is a compound of πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'forward', and βάλλω (ballō), meaning 'to throw'.

G1987

Part of Speech: Verb, Noun

Sounds like: ep-is-TAH-tai

Translations: know, understand, be acquainted with, be skilled in, master, overseer, superintendent, director

Notes: This word can function as a verb meaning 'to know' or 'to understand', indicating a deep familiarity or skill with something. It can also be used as a noun, referring to an 'overseer' or 'superintendent', someone who has knowledge and authority over a task or group. As a verb, it is often used to describe someone who is well-versed or proficient in a particular area. As a noun, it refers to a person in charge, often in a religious or administrative context.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, 3rd Person Plural (Verb); Nominative, Plural, Masculine (Noun)

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΟΙΔΑ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ

G2046

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-RAY-tai

Translations: it has been said, it is said, it was said

Notes: This word is the third person singular, perfect passive indicative form of the verb 'erō' (to say, to speak). It indicates an action that was completed in the past and whose results continue into the present. It is commonly translated as 'it has been said' or 'it is said', often referring to something previously stated or written.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Perfect, Passive, Indicative

Synonyms: ΛΕΛΕΚΤΑΙ, ΕΙΠΕΝ

Etymology: The verb 'erō' (to say, to speak) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to put in order, to arrange, to speak'. It is related to other Greek words concerning speech and order.

G3056

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: LOH-goss

Translations: word, a word, reason, a reason, account, an account, speech, a speech, message, a message, report, a report, thing, a thing, matter, a matter, saying, a saying, discourse, a discourse

Notes: The word 'logos' is a fundamental term in Koine Greek with a wide range of meanings. It can refer to a spoken or written word, a statement, a message, or a command. Beyond simple communication, it also encompasses concepts like reason, logic, an account, a narrative, or even a divine utterance or principle. Its specific meaning often depends on the context in which it is used.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΡΗΜΑ, ΕΠΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb λέγω (legō), meaning 'to say, speak'. It refers to something said or thought, and its meaning evolved to encompass both speech and the underlying reason or thought.

G5100

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE-nas

Translations: who, what, some, any, some people, any people, some things, any things

Notes: ΤΙΝΑΣ is an inflected form of the pronoun/adjective ΤΙΣ. It serves as both an interrogative (asking 'who?' or 'what?') and an indefinite (meaning 'someone,' 'something,' 'some,' or 'any'). In this form, it is the masculine or feminine, plural, accusative case. It can be used to ask about the identity of multiple people or things, or to refer to an unspecified group of people or things.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine or Feminine

G1722

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G4886

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: soo-NAF-ee-ah

Translations: connection, a connection, association, a relationship

Notes: This word refers to a close connection, association, or relationship between things or people. It implies a joining or linking together, often in a logical or natural way. It can be used to describe the coherence between ideas or the bond between individuals.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΔΕΣΜΟΣ, ΣΥΝΔΕΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word 'συναφεία' (synapheia) is derived from the Greek verb 'συνάπτω' (synaptō), meaning 'to join together' or 'to connect'. It is formed from the prefix 'συν-' (syn-), meaning 'with' or 'together', and 'ἅπτω' (haptō), meaning 'to fasten' or 'to touch'.

G2046

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-ray-MEH-nohn

Translations: of the things said, of the things spoken, of the things mentioned, of the aforesaid, of the aforementioned

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been said' or 'having been spoken'. It functions like an adjective or a noun, referring to things that have already been stated or mentioned. In this genitive plural form, it typically refers to 'of the things that have been said' or 'of the aforementioned things'. It is often used to refer back to previous statements or topics in a text.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Neuter

Synonyms: ΡΗΘΕΝΤΩΝ, ΛΕΛΑΛΗΜΕΝΩΝ

G2596

Part of Speech: Prefix, Preposition

Sounds like: KAT

Translations: down, against, according to, throughout, during

Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down', 'against', 'according to', 'throughout', or 'during'. It is frequently used as a prefix in compound verbs and nouns, indicating a downward motion, completion, intensity, or opposition. For example, in 'κατέβη' (katebē), it means 'went down', and in 'καταπιεῖν' (katapiein), it means 'to swallow down'. The final alpha (α) is often dropped when the next word or part of the compound begins with a vowel, or when it's followed by certain consonants.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix); functions as a preposition that takes the genitive or accusative case.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmt- 'down, with, against'. It is a common Greek preposition that has been used since ancient times.

G4021

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: peh-ree-ko-PEES

Translations: of a section, of a passage, of a portion, of a cutting around

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the preposition περί (peri), meaning 'around' or 'concerning', and the verb κόπτω (koptō), meaning 'to cut'. It refers to a section, passage, or portion of text that has been 'cut out' or excerpted. It is often used to denote a specific passage from scripture or another written work.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΤΜΗΜΑ, ΜΕΡΟΣ, ΚΟΜΜΑ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek περικοπή (perikopḗ), meaning 'a cutting around', 'a section', 'a passage'. It is a compound of περί (peri, 'around, about') and κοπή (kopḗ, 'a cutting'), which comes from κόπτω (koptō, 'to cut, strike').

G2046

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-ROH

Translations: I will say, I will speak

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'I will say' or 'I will speak'. It is the first person singular future active indicative form of the verb 'ἐρῶ' (erō), which means 'to say' or 'to speak'. It indicates an action that will take place in the future, performed by the speaker.

Inflection: Future, Active, Indicative, 1st Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΛΑΛΕΩ

Etymology: The verb 'ἐρῶ' (erō) is a future form of the verb 'εἴρω' (eirō), which means 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is related to the root of words concerning speech and communication.

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: OOF

Translations: under, by, with, from, at the hand of, by means of, through

Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition 'ΥΠΟ' (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'by'. The final vowel of 'ΥΠΟ' is dropped when the following word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark. It indicates a position beneath something, or agency (by means of someone/something), or cause. It can also denote the instrument or agent by which something is done. It is a very common preposition in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect; governs the genitive and accusative cases.

Etymology: The word 'ΥΠΟ' (hypo) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'under'. It is related to English words like 'hypodermic' and 'hypothermia'.

G1722

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EN

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at, into, to

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its primary meaning is 'in' or 'within,' indicating location, time, or state. It always takes the dative case. Depending on the context, it can also be translated as 'on,' 'among,' 'with' (indicating accompaniment or instrument), 'by' (indicating means or agent), or 'at.' Sometimes it can imply motion into a place, similar to 'into' or 'to,' especially when the context suggests movement towards a location where something then resides.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It is cognate with English 'in'.

G4886

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: soon-eem-MEH-noy

Translations: joined together, connected, united, attached, those joined together

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle derived from the verb 'συνάπτω' (synaptō), meaning 'to join together' or 'to connect'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing a state of being joined or connected. It refers to individuals or things that have been brought together or united.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Nominative or Vocative, Plural

Synonyms: ΗΝΩΜΕΝΟΙ, ΣΥΝΔΕΔΕΜΕΝΟΙ

Etymology: The word 'συνάπτω' (synaptō) is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb 'ἅπτω' (haptō), meaning 'to fasten' or 'to touch'.

G5530

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: KHRAY-sah-teh

Translations: use, employ, make use of, treat, deal with

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to use' or 'to employ'. It can also mean 'to treat' or 'to deal with' someone or something. It is often followed by a dative case object, indicating what is being used or how someone is being treated. In this form, it is an imperative, giving a command or instruction.

Inflection: Aorist, Imperative, Active, Second Person Plural

Synonyms: ΧΡΗΣΙΜΕΥΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΠΟΙΕΩ

Etymology: From an assumed root *χρα- (chra-), meaning 'to furnish what is needful'. It is related to words like χρεία (chreia, 'need') and χρηστός (chrestos, 'useful').

G4160

Part of Speech: Participle, Verb

Sounds like: poy-AY-sas

Translations: having made, having done, making, doing, who made, who did

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'ποιέω' (poieō), meaning 'to make' or 'to do'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has been completed. It often translates as 'having made' or 'having done', indicating an action that occurred prior to or concurrently with the main verb of the sentence. It can also be translated as 'making' or 'doing' in certain contexts, or as a relative clause like 'who made' or 'who did'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΞΑΣ, ΕΡΓΑΣΑΜΕΝΟΣ

G4078

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: PAY-xahs

Translations: fixed, having fixed, established, having established, made firm, having made firm, built, having built

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having fixed' or 'having established'. It describes an action that was completed in the past and has ongoing relevance. It is often used to describe the act of making something firm, solid, or stable, such as establishing the earth or building a structure.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΣΤΕΡΕΩΣΑΣ, ΘΕΜΕΛΙΩΣΑΣ, ΚΑΤΑΣΚΕΥΑΣΑΣ

Etymology: From an ancient root meaning 'to make fast, to fix'. It is related to words describing something solid or congealed.

G1093

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GAYN

Translations: earth, an earth, land, a land, ground, a ground, country, a country, region, a region

Notes: ΓΗΝ is the accusative singular form of the noun ΓΗ, meaning 'earth', 'land', 'ground', 'country', or 'region'. It is used to indicate the direct object of a verb or the destination of motion, often translated as 'to the earth' or 'into the land' depending on the context and accompanying prepositions. It can refer to the planet, a specific territory, or the soil itself.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΓΕΑ

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TEH

Translations: she, herself, to her, for her, of her, her, it, itself, to it, for it, of it, its, they, them, themselves

Notes: This word is a form of the pronoun 'autos', meaning 'self' or 'same'. It can function as a personal pronoun (he, she, it, they), a reflexive pronoun (himself, herself, itself, themselves), or an intensive pronoun (the very, the same). Its specific meaning depends on its case, number, and gender, and the context of the sentence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine; or Singular, Dative, Feminine; or Singular, Genitive, Feminine; or Plural, Nominative, Neuter

Etymology: The word 'autos' (from which 'autē' is derived) comes from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ew-to-, a pronominal stem. It is related to other pronouns and demonstratives in various Indo-European languages.

G1325

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: DI-doos

Translations: giving, who gives, one who gives

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'δίδωμι' (didōmi), meaning 'to give'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action or state of 'giving' in relation to another part of the sentence. It can be translated as 'giving' or 'one who gives', indicating someone who is currently in the act of giving.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΕΧΩΝ, ΧΑΡΙΖΟΜΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'δίδωμι' (didōmi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to give'. It is a reduplicated verb, a common feature in ancient Greek verbs, where the initial syllable is repeated.

G2992

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: lah-OH

Translations: people, a people, nation, a nation

Notes: This word refers to a people, a nation, or a multitude of individuals, often used in the context of a specific group or community, such as the people of Israel or the people of God. It can be used to describe a general populace or a distinct ethnic or national group.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΘΝΟΣ, ΟΧΛΟΣ

Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to λᾶς (lās, "stone"), referring to people as "stones" or "foundations." It is also suggested to be from Proto-Indo-European *leh₂w- ("people, army").

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: ep

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, by, before, among, concerning, with

Notes: This word is a preposition, often used as a prefix in compound words. It is a shortened form of the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), which loses its final vowel when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark. Its precise meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it often means 'on, upon, over' (of place) or 'at, during' (of time); with the dative, it can mean 'on, at, by' (of place), 'in addition to', or 'for, because of'; and with the accusative, it typically means 'to, toward, against' (of motion) or 'over, upon' (of extent).

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ὙΠΕΡ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ (epi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'on, at, near'.

G4151

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PNEV-mah

Translations: spirit, a spirit, wind, a wind, breath, a breath

Notes: This word refers to 'spirit,' 'wind,' or 'breath.' In a physical sense, it can mean a gust of wind or the act of breathing. Theologically, it often refers to the Holy Spirit, a spiritual being, or the human spirit. It is a neuter noun and its meaning can vary depending on the context, from a literal breeze to a divine essence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΝΕΜΟΣ, ΠΝΟΗ

Etymology: The word ΠΝΕΥΜΑ derives from the verb πνέω (pneō), meaning 'to breathe,' 'to blow,' or 'to gasp.' It refers to something that is breathed or blown.

G1343

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: dee-kah-yoh-SOO-nay

Translations: righteousness, justice, a righteousness, a justice

Notes: This word refers to the quality of being morally right or just. It encompasses concepts of uprightness, integrity, and conformity to divine or moral law. It is often used in a theological context to describe God's character or the state of being right with God.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΥΘΥΤΗΣ, ΑΡΕΤΗ, ΟΣΙΟΤΗΣ

Etymology: From the Greek word δίκαιος (dikaios), meaning 'just' or 'righteous', combined with the suffix -σύνη (-synē), which forms abstract nouns.

G5495

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHEI-ross

Translations: of hand, of a hand, of the hand, of power, of authority, of control

Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the noun 'χείρ' (cheir), meaning 'hand'. In Koine Greek, 'hand' can refer not only to the physical limb but also metaphorically to power, authority, control, or agency. When used in the genitive case, it often indicates possession, origin, or the agent by which something is done, thus translating to 'of hand' or 'by the hand of'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΜΙΣ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑ

Etymology: The word 'χείρ' (cheir) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰesr-, meaning 'hand'. It is related to words for hand in other Indo-European languages.

G1242

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: dee-ah-THEH-kane

Translations: covenant, a covenant, testament, a testament, will, a will, disposition, an arrangement

Notes: This word refers to a covenant, agreement, or testament, often implying a formal arrangement or disposition made by one party, which may or may not be reciprocated. In a religious context, it frequently refers to God's covenant with humanity. It can also refer to a last will and testament.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΘΗΚΗ, ΟΡΚΟΣ, ΔΙΑΤΑΓΜΑ

Etymology: From the Greek preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and the verb τίθημι (tithemi), meaning 'to place' or 'to set'. It originally referred to an arrangement or disposition, and later came to mean a covenant or testament.

G1806

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eks-ah-gah-GAYN

Translations: to lead out, to bring out, to take out, to draw out, to go out

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'ἐκ' (out of) and the verb 'ἄγω' (to lead). It means to lead, bring, or take something or someone out from a place or state. It is often used in contexts of physical movement, such as leading people out of a city, or bringing objects out of a house. It can also be used metaphorically, such as bringing forth a result or revealing something.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΓΩ, ΕΚΦΕΡΩ, ΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

G3962

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: peh-peh-dee-MEH-noos

Translations: bound, chained, fettered, imprisoned, those who are bound, the bound ones

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, masculine, accusative plural, derived from the verb 'πεδάω' (pedao), meaning 'to bind' or 'to shackle'. It describes individuals who have been bound or are in chains, often referring to prisoners or those held captive. It is used to indicate a state of being restrained or confined.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΔΕΔΕΜΕΝΟΥΣ, ΑΛΥΣΟΔΕΤΟΥΣ

Etymology: The verb πεδάω (pedao) comes from πέδη (pede), meaning 'fetter' or 'shackle'. This noun is related to the Greek word for 'foot', πούς (pous), indicating something that binds the feet.

G3624

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: OY-koo

Translations: of a house, of a home, of a household, of a temple, of a family, of a dwelling, of a building

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of 'οἶκος' (oikos), meaning 'house', 'home', 'household', 'family', or 'temple'. It indicates possession or origin, often translated with 'of' or 'belonging to'. For example, 'τοῦ οἴκου' would mean 'of the house'. It can refer to a physical dwelling, a family unit, or even a spiritual dwelling like a temple.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΙΑ, ΟΙΚΗΜΑ, ΝΑΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'οἶκος' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'dwelling' or 'house'. It is related to words for 'house' in other Indo-European languages.

G5438

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: fy-LAH-kays

Translations: (of) guard, (of) prison, (of) watch, (of) custody, (of) a guard, (of) a prison, (of) a watch, (of) a custody

Notes: This word refers to the act of guarding, a place of confinement like a prison, or a period of watching, such as a night watch. It can also refer to the people who are guarding or keeping watch. In a sentence, it would typically be used to indicate possession or origin, such as 'of the guard' or 'belonging to the prison'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΕΣΜΩΤΗΡΙΟΝ, ΤΗΡΗΣΙΣ, ΦΡΟΥΡΑ

G1197

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: GLOOP-toyss

Translations: carved, graven, sculptured, carved image, graven image, an idol, to carved images, to graven images, to idols

Notes: This word refers to something that has been carved, engraved, or sculpted. It is often used in the context of religious objects, specifically idols or images made by human hands for worship, contrasting them with the true God. In the provided examples, it is used in the dative plural, indicating 'to carved images' or 'to idols'.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΙΔΩΛΟΝ, ΞΟΑΝΟΝ

G0575

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: AP

Translations: from, away from, of, by, with, after, since

Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'ἀπό' (apo), which means 'from' or 'away from'. It is commonly used to indicate separation, origin, or cause. It can also function as a prefix in compound words, carrying a similar sense of separation or completion. When used as a preposition, it typically takes the genitive case. The apostrophe indicates that the final vowel (omicron) has been dropped because the next word begins with a vowel.

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition); functions as a prefix in compound words

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: The Greek preposition 'ἀπό' (apo) comes from Proto-Indo-European *apo-, meaning 'off, away'.

Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral, Prefix

Sounds like: AL-fah (as the letter name), ah (as the sound)

Translations: Alpha, A, one, un-, a-

Notes: This is the first letter of the Greek alphabet, equivalent to the English 'A'. It can also function as the numeral '1'. Furthermore, it is commonly used as a prefix (known as the 'alpha privative') when placed before a word, indicating negation, absence, or the opposite of the word's meaning, similar to the English prefixes 'un-' or 'a-'. For example, 'atheist' (without God) comes from 'a-' (without) and 'theos' (God).

Inflection: Does not inflect as a letter or numeral. As a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the word it precedes.

Etymology: The letter 'Alpha' is derived from the Phoenician letter 'aleph', which meant 'ox'. It was adopted by the Greeks and became the first letter of their alphabet.

G0312

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-nang-GEL-loh

Translations: report, announce, declare, tell, proclaim, bring word, make known

Notes: This verb means to report, announce, or declare something. It is a compound word formed from the prefix ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'again', and ἀγγέλλω (angellō), meaning 'to announce' or 'to tell'. It is used to describe the act of bringing a message, making something known, or giving an account of events.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΔΙΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the prefix ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'again', and the verb ἀγγέλλω (angellō), meaning 'to announce' or 'to tell'. The root ἀγγέλλω is related to ἄγγελος (angelos), meaning 'messenger'.

G0312

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-nah-NGEL-lai

Translations: to announce, to report, to declare, to tell, to bring back word

Notes: This word means to announce, report, declare, or tell something. It often implies bringing back a message or information, or making something known publicly. It is used to describe the act of conveying news or a statement.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΠΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΕΞΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀνά (aná, “up, again, back”) + ἀγγέλλω (angéllō, “to announce, report”).

G1213

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-day-LOH-thay

Translations: it was made clear, it was shown, it was declared, it was revealed, it was made known

Notes: This word is a verb in the aorist passive indicative, third person singular. It means 'it was made clear' or 'it was shown'. It describes an action that was completed in the past, where something was revealed or made evident by someone or something else. For example, 'the truth was made clear' or 'the message was shown'.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΦΑΝΕΡΟΩ, ΓΝΩΡΙΖΩ, ΔΕΙΣΚΝΥΜΙ

Etymology: From δῆλος (dēlos), meaning 'clear' or 'evident'. The verb δηλόω means 'to make clear' or 'to show'.

G0746

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ar-KHEE

Translations: beginning, a beginning, rule, a rule, ruler, a ruler, first, origin, a first, a ruler, dominion, a dominion, principality, a principality

Notes: This word refers to the beginning of something, the first in a series, or the origin. It can also denote a position of authority, rule, or dominion, and by extension, the person holding such authority (a ruler or magistrate). It is used to describe the starting point of time, a sequence, or a source of power.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΠΑΡΧΗ, ΚΕΦΑΛΗ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑ

Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂ergʰ-, meaning 'to begin, rule'. It is related to words signifying 'first' or 'chief'.

G206

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-KROO

Translations: of the end, of the top, of the extremity, of the highest point, of the tip, of the summit, an end, a top, an extremity, a highest point, a tip, a summit

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'ἈΚΡΟΣ', meaning 'end', 'top', or 'extremity'. It is often used in phrases like 'from the end of the earth' or 'to the very top'. It refers to the outermost or highest point of something.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΤΕΛΟΣ, ΠΕΡΑΣ, ΚΟΡΥΦΗ

Etymology: The word 'ἈΚΡΟΣ' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'sharp' or 'pointed'. It refers to the highest or outermost point.

G1093

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: GAYS

Translations: (of) earth, (of) land, (of) ground, (of) world, (of) country, (of) region

Notes: This word refers to the earth, land, or ground. It can denote the physical soil, a specific territory or country, or the entire planet. As a genitive form, it indicates possession, origin, or the material from which something is made, often translated with 'of' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΑΓΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΓΗ (gē) comes from Proto-Hellenic *gā́, which itself is from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁- ('earth').

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G2597

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: kah-tah-BAH-ee-non-tes

Translations: descending, going down, coming down, those descending, those going down, those coming down

Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb 'καταβαίνω', meaning 'to go down' or 'to descend'. It is a compound word formed from 'κατά' (down) and 'βαίνω' (to go). As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that is happening concurrently with the main verb, or it can function substantively, referring to 'those who are descending'.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Masculine, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΙΕΝΑΙ

G2281

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: tha-LAS-san

Translations: sea, a sea

Notes: This word refers to a large body of salt water, such as an ocean or a large lake. It is commonly used to describe the sea as a physical location or as a powerful natural force. In sentences, it often appears as the direct object of a verb, indicating something done to or with the sea.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΩΚΕΑΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'thalassa' is of pre-Greek, Mediterranean origin, likely borrowed into Greek from an earlier language spoken in the Aegean region. It is not derived from Proto-Indo-European roots.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Interjection, Prefix, Numeral

Sounds like: AI

Translations: the, who, which, alas, oh, 11

Notes: The word 'ΑΙ' can function in several ways in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it is the feminine nominative plural form of the definite article, meaning 'the' (referring to multiple feminine nouns). It can also be the feminine nominative plural form of the relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which'. Less frequently, it can be an interjection expressing sorrow or pain, similar to 'alas' or 'oh'. It can also appear as a prefix in compound words. Additionally, 'ΑΙ' can represent the number 11 when used as a numerical symbol (alpha-iota). It is also possible for 'ΑΙ' to be an elision or contraction of other words, such as 'ἀεί' (always) or 'ἄγε' (come on!), though this is less common in the New Testament.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Plural (for article and pronoun); Does not inflect (for interjection, prefix, and numeral)

Etymology: The origin of 'ΑΙ' as a definite article and relative pronoun is from Proto-Indo-European. Its use as an interjection is onomatopoeic.

G2730

Part of Speech: Participle, Noun

Sounds like: kah-toy-KOON-tes

Translations: dwelling, inhabiting, residing, living, those who dwell, those who inhabit, those who reside, those who live

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'katoikeō', meaning 'to dwell' or 'to inhabit'. It describes someone or something that is currently dwelling or residing in a place. When used as a noun, it refers to 'those who dwell' or 'the inhabitants' of a particular area. It is often used to describe people living in a specific region or on the earth.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΟΥΝΤΕΣ, ΕΝΟΙΚΟΥΝΤΕΣ

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: OW-tas

Translations: them, themselves

Notes: This word is a pronoun meaning 'them' or 'themselves'. It is used to refer to a group of feminine nouns or persons in the accusative case, indicating that they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition. It can function as a simple pronoun or as an intensive pronoun, emphasizing the subjects themselves.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΦΑΣ, ΣΦΕΑΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient Greek pronoun that has been in use since classical times, referring to 'self' or 'same', and developing into a general third-person pronoun.

G2048

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: EH-ray-mos

Translations: desolate, deserted, solitary, lonely, uninhabited, wilderness, desert, a wilderness, a desert

Notes: This word describes something as desolate, deserted, or uninhabited. It can refer to a place, like a wilderness or a desert, or it can describe a person as lonely or solitary. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, indicating its state of emptiness or isolation. As a noun, it refers to a desolate place itself.

Inflection: Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter; Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, or Vocative; Singular or Plural

Synonyms: ΕΡΗΜΙΑ, ΑΝΥΔΡΟΣ, ΕΡΗΜΟΝ

Etymology: The word comes from a pre-Greek word, likely related to a sense of 'empty' or 'deserted'.

G2968

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KOH-mai

Translations: villages, towns

Notes: This word refers to a village or a small town, typically an unfortified settlement. It is used to describe a collection of dwellings smaller than a city. In the provided examples, it appears in contexts referring to places where people reside or where events take place, such as 'in villages' or 'and the villages'.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΙΣ, ΧΩΡΑ

Etymology: The word ΚΩΜΗ (kōmē) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱmey- meaning 'to settle, dwell'. It refers to a rural settlement, distinct from a fortified city.

G0312

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-nah-gheh-LOO-see

Translations: they will announce, they will report, they will declare, they will tell

Notes: This word means to announce, report, declare, or tell something. It is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'back', and the verb ἀγγέλλω (angello), meaning 'to announce' or 'to bring a message'. It is used to describe the act of bringing a message or news, often with an emphasis on making it known publicly or clearly.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Future, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ἈΠΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΔΙΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ

G1831

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eks-el-EW-seh-tai

Translations: he will go out, she will go out, it will go out, he will come out, she will come out, it will come out

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἐκ/ἐξ (out of, from) and the verb ἔρχομαι (to come, to go). It means 'to go out' or 'to come out' and is used to describe movement from an inside place to an outside place, or from a source. It can also refer to something originating from a person or place.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Future, Indicative, Middle/Passive Deponent

Synonyms: ΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai) is of uncertain origin, possibly from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to move'. The prefix ἐξ (ex) is from the Proto-Indo-European *eǵhs, meaning 'out of'.

G1892

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-eh-GEH-ree

Translations: stirs up, rouses, excites, raises, he stirs up, he rouses, he excites, he raises

Notes: This verb means to stir up, rouse, excite, or raise. It is often used to describe the act of provoking or instigating something, such as anger, zeal, or conflict. It can also refer to raising someone or something up, like a person from sleep or a city from ruins. In the provided examples, it is used in the sense of stirring up zeal or anger.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΕΓΕΙΡΩ, ΑΝΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΔΙΕΓΕΙΡΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἐπί (epi, 'upon, over') and ἐγείρω (egeirō, 'to rouse, awaken'). It literally means 'to rouse upon' or 'to stir up'.

G2205

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ZAY-lon

Translations: zeal, a zeal, jealousy, a jealousy, envy, an envy, fervent mind, a fervent mind

Notes: This word refers to intense passion, eagerness, or rivalry. It can be used in both positive and negative senses. Positively, it denotes fervent devotion or enthusiasm, often for a good cause. Negatively, it can signify jealousy, envy, or contentious rivalry. Its meaning depends heavily on the context in which it is used.

Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΡΙΣ, ΦΘΟΝΟΣ, ΑΓΩΝ

Etymology: From the verb ζέω (zeō), meaning 'to boil' or 'to be hot'. The word thus conveys the idea of a 'boiling over' or 'fermenting' of emotions, leading to intense passion or rivalry.

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to

Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, after, among, behind, by, in company with, in pursuit of, according to

Notes: This word is a preposition that can also function as an adverb. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it usually means 'after' or 'behind' (indicating sequence or pursuit). It can also denote a change of state or position.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases)

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'μετά' (meta) comes from Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is related to English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G5346

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-FAYN

Translations: I said, he said, she said, it said

Notes: This is the first aorist active indicative form of the verb 'φημί' (phēmi), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to report what someone said in the past, often translated as 'I said' or 'he/she/it said' depending on the context. It can refer to a specific utterance or a general statement made previously.

Inflection: First Aorist, Active, Indicative, Singular, First or Third Person

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΕΙΠΩΝ, ΛΑΛΕΩ

Etymology: The verb φημί (phēmi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeh₂- meaning 'to speak, tell, say'. It is related to Latin fari ('to speak') and English 'ban' (in the sense of proclamation).

G4314

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G5599, G3739

Part of Speech: Letter, Interjection, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-meh-gah (as a letter); OH (as an interjection); OH (as a pronoun)

Translations: Omega, O, Oh, the end, the last, (to) whom, (to) which, (to) what, (to) that, (to) who, (to) those, (to) whomsoever, (to) whatsoever

Notes: This character, Omega, is the twenty-fourth and final letter of the Greek alphabet. As a letter, it represents the long 'o' sound. It can also function as an interjection, similar to 'O' or 'Oh' in English, used for direct address or exclamation. Furthermore, without diacritics, 'Ω' can represent the dative singular form of the relative pronoun 'ὅς, ἥ, ὅ', meaning 'to whom', 'to which', or 'to what', depending on context and gender. It can refer to a person or thing that is the indirect object of an action.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a letter or interjection); Dative, Singular, All genders (as a relative pronoun)

Etymology: The letter Omega is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'. Its name literally means 'great O' (ō mega), distinguishing it from Omicron ('small O'). As a relative pronoun, it originates from Proto-Indo-European roots.

G3778

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: (to) this, (for) this, (by) this, (in) this, (with) this

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'this' or 'that'. In its dative singular form, as 'ΤΟΥΤΩ', it indicates the indirect object of an action, or the means, instrument, or location. It can be translated as 'to this', 'for this', 'by this', 'in this', or 'with this', depending on the context. It points to something specific that is near or recently mentioned.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

G0243

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: AHL-loh

Translations: (to) another, (to) other, (for) another, (for) other, (by) another, (by) other, (with) another, (with) other, (in) another, (in) other

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the adjective 'ἈΛΛΟΣ', meaning 'another' or 'other'. It is used to refer to a different person or thing from one already mentioned or implied. As a dative case, it indicates the indirect object of an action, or the means, instrument, or location, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', 'by', 'with', or 'in'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ἙΤΕΡΩ

G5100

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: TEE-nee

Translations: to/for someone, to/for something, by someone, by something, with someone, with something, in what, to what, by what, a certain one, a certain thing, (to) what, (to) whom, (to) which

Notes: ΤΙΝΙ is the dative singular form of the indefinite and interrogative pronoun ΤΙΣ. As an indefinite pronoun, it means 'someone,' 'something,' 'a certain one,' or 'a certain thing,' indicating an unspecified person or object. As an interrogative pronoun, it means 'to whom,' 'to what,' 'by whom,' or 'by what,' asking about the recipient or agent of an action. Its meaning depends on the context, often indicating an indirect object or an instrument.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, All genders

Synonyms: ΤΙΣ, ΟΣΤΙΣ

G1438

Part of Speech: Reflexive Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-ah-TOH

Translations: (to) himself, (for) himself, (to) herself, (for) herself, (to) itself, (for) itself, (to) themselves, (for) themselves

Notes: This word is a reflexive pronoun, meaning it refers back to the subject of the clause. It indicates that the action of the verb is directed back to the subject itself. It can be used for singular or plural subjects, and its specific meaning (himself, herself, itself, themselves) depends on the gender and number of the subject it refers to. In this dative form, it often conveys the sense of 'to' or 'for' the subject.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

G2722